INDONESIA Situation

Coronavirus Report
Disease 201919 (COVID-19) World Health
World Health
Coronavirus Disease
Coronavirus Disease
Internal for SEARO
20192019 (COVID-19)
(COVID-19) Organization
Organization
SituationReport
Situation Report--727 Indonesia
Indonesia

30 September 2020
Data as of 07 May 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

• As of 30 September, the Government of

Indonesia announced 287 008 (4 284 new)
confirmed cases of COVID-19, 10 740 (139
new) deaths and 214 947 recovered cases from
497 districts across all 34 provinces1.

• WHO supported a Ministry of Health (MoH)

survey to evaluate contact tracing (page 14).

• WHO translated the ‘COVID-19 Vaccine

Introduction Readiness Assessment Tool’ into
Indonesian and disseminated it to MoH and
counterparts (page 18).

Figure 1: Geographic distribution of cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia across the
provinces reported between 24 to 30 September 2020. Source of data

Disclaimer: The number of cases reported daily is not equivalent to the number of persons who contracted
COVID-19 on that day; reporting of laboratory-confirmed results may take up to one week from the time of testing.
1
https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/
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 GENERAL UPDATES
• On 28 September, President Joko Widodo ordered the COVID-19 Mitigation
and National Economic Recovery Team (Komite Penanganan COVID-19
dan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional or KPCPEN) to come up with a final plan
within two weeks for nationwide COVID-19 vaccination. He demanded a
plan detailing the vaccinators and beneficiaries, commencement date, and
locations where vaccination would be conducted. He stressed the
importance of creating a comprehensive plan as soon as possible so
whenever a vaccine is ready, field implementation can be carried out
immediately2.

• The United Nations Industrial Development Organization conducted an

impact assessment of COVID-19 on small and medium enterprises in
Indonesia. The results illustrated that, as of September 2020, almost 60%
of the responding small and medium-sized enterprises reported at least half
of their employees were unable to go to their workplace leading to a severe
drop in business operations, especially for technology firms. Around 82% of
the businesses reported a reduction in orders due to a decrease in market
demand; and 81% expected more than 50% revenue loss in 2020 compared
to 2019. Of the businesses surveyed, around 40% had received
government support. Furthermore, 82% of microenterprises and 72% of
food processing firms requested policies to reduce the cost of rental space
and utilities. The study has recommended several policy options, including
leveraging the current government support schemes, employment
retention, building productivity and competitiveness, driving innovation and
technology adaptation.

• The Chairperson of the National COVID-19 Task Force (Satuan Tugas

(Satgas)) has called to further intensify the campaign for changing public
behaviour to ensure compliance with health protocols. He emphasized that
the campaigns will be carried out in all provinces, with focus on ten priority
provinces: Aceh, Bali, Central Java, DKI Jakarta, East Java, North Sumatra,
South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, Papua and West Java. Furthermore, he
mentioned that there is cooperation between the National Police
Headquarters and transportation organizations to install health protocols in
all public transportation3.

2
https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/09/28/jokowi-gives-committee-two-weeks-to-draft-covid-
19-vaccination-plan.html
3
https://en.antaranews.com/news/157701/covid-19-task-force-to-intensify-campaign-for-behavior-
change
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 SURVEILLANCE
• On 30 September, 4 284 new and 287 008 cumulative confirmed COVID-19
cases were reported nationwide (Fig. 2). The week of 21 to 27 September
saw the highest weekly count since the beginning of the pandemic with
30 537 new cases (Fig. 3); an average of 4 362 new cases per day, a rise
compared to 3 756 per day for the previous seven days.
6000 350000
5000 300000

Cumulative number
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Daily number

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25-May

15-Jun
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10-Aug
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24-Aug
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Daily number of confirmed COVID-19 cases Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Figure 2: Daily and cumulative number of cases reported in Indonesia, as of 30 September 2020. Source of data

Disclaimer: The number of cases reported daily is not the number of persons who contracted COVID-19 on that
day; reporting of laboratory-confirmed results may take up to one week from the time of testing. Therefore,
caution must be taken in interpreting this figure and the epidemiological curve for further analysis.

35000
30000
Weekly number

25000
20000
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5000
0
02/03 - 08/03

23/03 - 29/03

13/04 - 19/04
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20/04 - 26/04
27/04 - 03/05
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08/06 - 14/06
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22/06 - 28/06
29/06 - 05/07
06/07 - 12/07
13/07 - 19/07
20/07 - 26/07
27/07 - 02/08
03/08 - 09/08
10/08 - 16/08
17/08 - 23/08
24/08 - 30/08
31/08 - 06/09
07/09 - 13/09
14/09 - 20/09
21/09 - 27/09

Figure 3: Weekly number of cases reported in Indonesia as of 27 September 2020. Source of data
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 • As of 30 September, 59.4% of confirmed cases were in Java: DKI Jakarta,
East Java, Central Java and West Java are the four top provinces in terms
of number of confirmed cases. South Sulawesi is the only province outside
Java that is among the top five provinces in terms of number of confirmed
cases. The cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases by province
is shown in Figure 4.

DKI Jakarta
East Java
Central Java
West Java
South Sulawesi
South Kalimantan
North Sumatra
Bali
East Kalimantan
Riau
Papua
West Sumatra
South Sumatra
Banten
Aceh
North Sulawesi
Province

Central Kalimantan
West Nusa Tenggara
Southeast Sulawesi
Maluku
Gorontalo
Yogyakarta
Riau Islands
West Papua
North Maluku
West Kalimantan
Lampung
West Sulawesi
Bengkulu
North Kalimantan
Jambi
East Nusa Tenggara
Central Sulawesi
Bangka Belitung Islands
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Figure 4: Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases by province in Indonesia, as of 30 September

2020. Source of data

Disclaimer: Data from DKI Jakarta include patients isolated or hospitalized in Wisma Atlet (RSDC: Rumah
Sakit Darurat COVID-19), which is the biggest national makeshift hospital for COVID-19; some patients
may not be residents of DKI Jakarta. The same may apply to other provinces.
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 • As of 30 September, DKI Jakarta’s mortality rate of 163 confirmed
COVID-19 deaths per one million population was the highest in the country,
followed by South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Java, North Sulawesi,
and Bali (Fig. 5).

DKI Jakarta
South Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
East Java
North Sulawesi
Bali
Gorontalo
North Maluku
Central Kalimantan
South Sulawesi
South Sumatra
Central Java
West Nusa Tenggara
West Papua
Aceh
North Sumatra
Province

Papua
Riau Islands
West Sumatra
Maluku
Riau
Southeast Sulawesi
Yogyakarta
Bengkulu
Banten
West Java
West Sulawesi
North Kalimantan
Central Sulawesi
Lampung
Jambi
Bangka Belitung Islands
West Kalimantan
East Nusa Tenggara
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Death per one million population

Figure 5: Cumulative deaths per one million population by province in Indonesia, as of 30 September 2020.
Source of data

Disclaimer: Based on data availability, only confirmed COVID-19 deaths have been included; however, as per
the WHO definition, death resulting from a clinically compatible illness in a probable or confirmed COVID-19
case is a COVID-19-related death, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to
COVID-19 (e.g. trauma). There should be no period of complete recovery between the illness and death.

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 • As of 30 September, the daily numbers of specimens and people tested
were 45 496 and 30 940, respectively. As of the same day, the daily number
of suspected cases was 132 693 (Fig. 6). It is imperative to strengthen the
laboratory capacity to ensure testing of all suspected cases.
140000

120000

100000

80000
Number

60000

40000

20000

0
1-Jun
5-Jun
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21-Jun
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29-Jun

11-Jul
15-Jul
19-Jul
23-Jul
27-Jul
31-Jul

Number of specimens tested Number of people tested Number of suspected cases

Figure 6: The daily number of specimens and people tested and suspected COVID-19 cases in
Indonesia, from 01 June to 30 September 2020. Source of data

Disclaimer: Due to the transition to a new data management application, there may have been
reporting issues in timing. Therefore, on certain days the number of specimens tested is almost
the same as the number of suspected cases tested, which might not have been the situation.

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CRITERIA TO ASSESS COVID-19 TRANSMISSION
Table 1: Assessment of epidemiological criteria for six provinces in Java for
the three-week period from 07 September to 27 September 2020.
Province Decline in the number of Decrease in the
confirmed COVID-19 cases since number of
the latest peak* confirmed and
probable case
deaths for the
last 3 weeks**

DKI Jakarta Latest peak last week No

West Java Latest peak last week No
Central Java Latest peak last week No
Yogyakarta Less than 50% since latest peak No
East Java Less than 50% since latest peak Yes
Banten Latest peak last week No

*date of latest peak may differ for each province (see Figs. 7 to 12 for details)
**decrease in deaths is calculated from 07 to 27 September 2020 (see
Fig. 14 for details)

Criterion 1: Decline of at least 50% over a 3-week period since the latest peak and
continuous decline in the observed incidence of confirmed and probable cases

• None of the provinces in Java have shown a decline of at least 50% for
three weeks since the latest peak; East Java and Yogyakarta had less than
50% decline in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases since the latest
peak during the week of 14 to 20 September; West Java had a steep
increase during the week of 21 to 27 September (Figs. 7 to 12).

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 Weekly number Weekly number

1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
9000
8000

500
1000
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2500
3000
3500
4000
4500

0
02/03 - 08/03 02/03 - 08/03
09/03 - 15/03 09/03 - 15/03
16/03 - 22/03 16/03 - 22/03
23/03 - 29/03 23/03 - 29/03
30/03 - 05/04 30/03 - 05/04

who.int/indonesia
06/04 - 12/04 06/04 - 12/04
13/04 - 19/04 13/04 - 19/04
20/04 - 26/04 20/04 - 26/04
27/04 - 03/05 27/04 - 03/05
04/05 - 10/05 04/05 - 10/05
11/05 - 17/05

WHO Indonesia Situation Report - 27

11/05 - 17/05

27 September 2020. Source of data

18/05 - 24/05 18/05 - 24/05

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

25/05 - 31/05

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

25/05 - 31/05

as of 27 September 2020. Source of data

01/06 - 07/06 01/06 - 07/06
08/06 - 14/06 08/06 - 14/06
15/06 - 21/06 15/06 - 21/06
22/06 - 28/06 22/06 - 28/06
DKI Jakarta

West Java
29/06 - 05/07 29/06 - 05/07
06/07 - 12/07 06/07 - 12/07
13/07 - 19/07 13/07 - 19/07
20/07 - 26/07 20/07 - 26/07
27/07 - 02/08 27/07 - 02/08
03/08 - 09/08 03/08 - 09/08
10/08 - 16/08 10/08 - 16/08
17/08 - 23/08 17/08 - 23/08
24/08 - 30/08 24/08 - 30/08
31/08 - 06/09 31/08 - 06/09
07/09 - 13/09 07/09 - 13/09

Figure 8: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in West Java,
14/09 - 20/09 14/09 - 20/09

8
21/09 - 27/09 21/09 - 27/09
Figure 7: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in DKI Jakarta, as of
0

0
Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

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 Weekly number Weekly number

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02/03 - 08/03 02/03 - 08/03
09/03 - 15/03 09/03 - 15/03
16/03 - 22/03 16/03 - 22/03
23/03 - 29/03 23/03 - 29/03

who.int/indonesia
30/03 - 05/04 30/03 - 05/04
06/04 - 12/04 06/04 - 12/04
13/04 - 19/04 13/04 - 19/04
20/04 - 26/04 20/04 - 26/04
27/04 - 03/05 27/04 - 03/05
04/05 - 10/05 04/05 - 10/05

WHO Indonesia Situation Report - 27

11/05 - 17/05 11/05 - 17/05
18/05 - 24/05 18/05 - 24/05

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

25/05 - 31/05

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

25/05 - 31/05
01/06 - 07/06 01/06 - 07/06

as of 27 September 2020. Source of data

as of 27 September 2020. Source of data
08/06 - 14/06 08/06 - 14/06
15/06 - 21/06 15/06 - 21/06
22/06 - 28/06 22/06 - 28/06
Central Java

Yogyakarta
29/06 - 05/07
29/06 - 05/07
06/07 - 12/07
06/07 - 12/07
13/07 - 19/07
13/07 - 19/07
20/07 - 26/07
20/07 - 26/07
27/07 - 02/08
27/07 - 02/08
03/08 - 09/08
03/08 - 09/08
10/08 - 16/08
10/08 - 16/08
17/08 - 23/08
17/08 - 23/08 24/08 - 30/08
24/08 - 30/08 31/08 - 06/09
31/08 - 06/09 07/09 - 13/09
07/09 - 13/09

9
14/09 - 20/09
14/09 - 20/09

Figure 10: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yogyakarta,
Figure 9: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Central Java,

21/09 - 27/09
21/09 - 27/09
0

Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

5000

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15000
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25000

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Cumulative number Cumulative number

 Weekly number Weekly number

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2000

100
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1000

0
02/03 - 08/03 02/03 - 08/03
09/03 - 15/03 09/03 - 15/03
16/03 - 22/03 16/03 - 22/03
23/03 - 29/03 23/03 - 29/03

who.int/indonesia
30/03 - 05/04 30/03 - 05/04
06/04 - 12/04 06/04 - 12/04
13/04 - 19/04 13/04 - 19/04
20/04 - 26/04 20/04 - 26/04
27/04 - 03/05 27/04 - 03/05
04/05 - 10/05 04/05 - 10/05

WHO Indonesia Situation Report - 27

11/05 - 17/05 11/05 - 17/05
18/05 - 24/05 18/05 - 24/05

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

25/05 - 31/05 25/05 - 31/05
01/06 - 07/06 01/06 - 07/06

as of 27 September 2020. Source of data

08/06 - 14/06

as of 27 September 2020. Source of data

08/06 - 14/06
15/06 - 21/06 15/06 - 21/06

Banten
East Java

22/06 - 28/06 22/06 - 28/06

29/06 - 05/07 29/06 - 05/07
06/07 - 12/07 06/07 - 12/07
13/07 - 19/07 13/07 - 19/07
20/07 - 26/07 20/07 - 26/07
27/07 - 02/08 27/07 - 02/08
03/08 - 09/08 03/08 - 09/08
10/08 - 16/08 10/08 - 16/08
17/08 - 23/08 17/08 - 23/08
24/08 - 30/08 24/08 - 30/08
31/08 - 06/09
31/08 - 06/09
07/09 - 13/09
07/09 - 13/09

10
14/09 - 20/09

Figure 12: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Banten,
14/09 - 20/09
Figure 11: Weekly and cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in East Java,

21/09 - 27/09
21/09 - 27/09
0

0
Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

Cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

5000
10000
15000
20000
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30000
35000
40000
45000
50000

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6000

Cumulative number Cumulative number

 Criterion 2: Less than 5% of samples positive for COVID-19, at least for the last 2
weeks, assuming that surveillance for suspected cases is comprehensive

• The percentage of positive samples can be interpreted only with

comprehensive surveillance and testing in the order of one per 1 000
population per week. This minimum case detection benchmark was achieved
in: DKI Jakarta, West Sumatra and West Papua for the last three weeks; and
Yogyakarta for the last two weeks. West Sumatra had an increase in the
positivity rate over the last two weeks and only met the threshold positivity
rate of less than 5% in the week of 07 to 13 September (Fig. 13).

7.00 50.0%
Suspected cases tested/1000 population/week

45.0%
6.00
40.0%
5.00 35.0%

Positivity rate
30.0%
4.00
25.0%
3.00
20.0%
Benchmark: One suspected 15.0%
2.00
case tested per 1000
population per week 10.0%
1.00 Threshold positivity rate <5%
5.0%

- 0.0%
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Indonesia Yogyakarta DKI Jakarta West South Central West
Sumatra Sumatra Kalimantan Papua
Weeks
People tested/1000 population/week Positivity rate
Figure 13: Positivity rate of samples, and people tested per 1 000 population per week:
Week 1: 07/09/20 - 13/09/20; Week 2: 14/09/20 - 20/09/20; Week 3: 21/09/20 - 27/09/20

For surveillance purposes, positivity rate is calculated as the number of confirmed cases
divided by the number of people tested for diagnosis. Source of data: Indonesia, Yogyakarta,
DKI Jakarta, West Sumatra, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, West Papua

Note: Due to a limitation in data, other provinces could not be evaluated.

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 Criterion 3: Decline in the number of deaths among confirmed and probable cases
for the last 3 weeks

DKI Jakarta West Java

500 80
400 60
300 311 327 339
200 40
70
100 21
121 151 131 20 9
0 18 18
07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 - 0
13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20 07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 -
13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20
Other death with COVID-19 protocol
Death-Confirmed-Case Death-Probable-Case
Death-Confirmed-Case

Central Java Yogyakarta

200 10
150 8
6
100
163 137 4 8 7
50 127
2 4
0 0
07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 - 07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 -
13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20 13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20
Death-Confirmed-Case Death-Confirmed-Case

East Java Banten

250 25
26 34 2
200 20
150 23 15
100 218 202 10 21
153 14
50 5 1
5
0 0
07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 - 07/09/20 - 14/09/20 - 21/09/20 -
13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20 13/09/20 20/09/20 27/09/20

Death-Confirmed-Case Death-Probable-Case Death-Confirmed-Case Death-Probable-Case

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 Figure 14: Deaths among confirmed COVID-19 cases and probable cases per week
over the last three weeks from 07 September to 27 September 2020 in six provinces in
Java. Source of data: DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta,
Banten

Disclaimer: The data are provisional. There may be a discrepancy in the number of
deaths of confirmed COVID-19 cases between national and provincial data sources.

HEALTH SYSTEM CRITERIA TO ASSESS COVID-19 TRANSMISSION

• The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized in DKI Jakarta

since the beginning of June remained consistent and had gradually
decreased until 07 July; from 08 July, it increased until the end of July,
plateauing in August and was on the rise again in September (Fig. 15). The
number of cases hospitalized increased until 16 September but has since
started to decline.

6000
Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases

5000

4000
hospitalized

3000

2000

1000

0
1-Jun
4-Jun
7-Jun

1-Jul
4-Jul
7-Jul

3-Aug
6-Aug
9-Aug

11-Sep
14-Sep
17-Sep
20-Sep
23-Sep
26-Sep
2-Sep
5-Sep
8-Sep
12-Aug
15-Aug
18-Aug
21-Aug
24-Aug
27-Aug
30-Aug
10-Jun
13-Jun
16-Jun
19-Jun
22-Jun
25-Jun
28-Jun

10-Jul
13-Jul
16-Jul
19-Jul
22-Jul
25-Jul
28-Jul
31-Jul

Figure 15: Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized in DKI Jakarta from 01 June
to 27 September 2020. Source of data

Disclaimer: Data from Wisma Atlet are not included.

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PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CRITERIA TO ASSESS COVID-19
TRANSMISSION

• On 26 September, WHO supported a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in

collaboration with the Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP), in
East Java to discuss contact tracing. The Heads of Disease Prevention
and Control Programmes, the Heads of Surveillance units and surveillance
staff at province and district levels joined the FGD and brainstormed
methods to improve contact tracing in East Java. The main issues
identified were the stigma related to contracting COVID-19 and limited
human resources to conduct contact tracing. Volunteers will be recruited
to increase human resources and discussions will be initiated with relevant
stakeholders on strategies to eliminate stigma surrounding close contacts
and confirmed cases.

• WHO and the MoH Subdirectorate of Emerging Infectious Diseases

conducted a survey from 10 to 11 September during a refresher training
with district surveillance officers to evaluate contact tracing. Of 259
respondents, 65% stated that they were able to trace close contacts of
more than 80% of confirmed cases (Fig. 16). In terms of tools for contact
tracing, 86% used manual options (pen-and-paper-based) while 9.0%
used locally-developed applications; the remaining 5.0% had not
documented the procedure. It is important to develop a national level
electronic system to uniformly monitor and evaluate contact tracing across
the districts.

5%
6% Less than 30% confirmed cases
had close contacts traced
30% - 50% confirmed cases
24% had close contacts traced
51% - 80% confirmed cases
had close contacts traced
65%
More than 80% confirmed
cases had close contacts traced

Figure 16: Proportion of district surveillance officers’ survey responses on percent of confirmed
cases whose close contacts were traced. Source: Survey conducted on 10 and 11 September 2020.

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 HEALTH OPERATIONS
• As reported by the government on 30 September, the number of people
tested for COVID-19 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 30 940 and
the cumulative number of people tested was 1 993 694 (Fig. 17). As of the
same day, the proportion of people that recovered among the total confirmed
COVID-19 cases was 74.9% (Fig. 18), and there were 61 321 active cases4.
40000 2500000
35000

Cumulative number
2000000
30000
Daily number

25000 1500000
20000
15000 1000000
10000
500000
5000
0 0
4-Apr

2-May
9-May

6-Jun

4-Jul

1-Aug
8-Aug
7-Mar

12-Sep
19-Sep
26-Sep
5-Sep
11-Apr
18-Apr
25-Apr

13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun

11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
14-Mar
21-Mar
28-Mar

16-May
23-May
30-May

15-Aug
22-Aug
29-Aug
Reporting date
Daily number of people tested with PCR Cumulative number of people tested with PCR

Figure 17: Daily and cumulative number of people tested with polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) in Indonesia, as of 30 September 2020. Source of data

250000 80.0
70.0
Cummulative number

200000
60.0

Percentage (%)
150000 50.0
40.0
100000 30.0
20.0
50000
10.0
0 0.0
6-Jul
1-Apr
7-Apr

1-May
7-May

6-Jun

5-Aug

10-Sep
16-Sep
22-Sep
28-Sep
4-Sep
19-May
13-Apr
19-Apr
25-Apr

13-May

25-May
31-May

12-Jun
18-Jun
24-Jun
30-Jun

11-Aug
17-Aug
23-Aug
29-Aug
12-Jul
18-Jul
24-Jul
30-Jul

Cumulative number of recovered cases Percentage recovery

Figure 18: Cumulative number of recovered cases and percentage recovery
from COVID-19 in Indonesia, as of 30 September 2020. Source of data
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 • On 24 September, WHO met with the Subdirectorate of Emerging
Infectious Diseases, MoH, to discuss streamlining the procedure of using
COVID-19 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for when
they become available. A follow-up meeting took place on 29 September
with WHO, Satgas, the Indonesian Association of Microbiologists, the
Indonesian Association of Pathologists, and the National Institute of Health
Research and Development (NIHRD) to discuss:

i. A pilot implementation of Ag-RDTs for surveillance prior to scale up,

to consider aspects such as biosafety and waste management
measures;

ii. Incorporating the procedure while updating the national guidance

on COVID-19 prevention and control (sixth revision);

iii. Calculating the quantity of antigen tests required (especially in the

areas where PCR laboratories have not been established yet).

• On 25 September, NIHRD convened a meeting on the COVID-19

laboratory networking scheme and its monitoring. WHO participated in the
meeting alongside representatives from public health laboratories,
hospitals and Province Health Offices. The participants agreed on methods
to improve diagnostic capacity, either through additional laboratory
facilities or increasing testing in existing facilities. Participants also agreed
to initiate monitoring activities and to hold a further discussion on
establishing a suitable monitoring system.

• WHO has been supporting MoH to conduct workshops on clinical case

management of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients in nine priority
provinces. The first batch took place on 25 September for Central Java,
DKI Jakarta and West Java; the second batch was held on 28 September
for Aceh, Bali and East Java; and the third batch on 30 September for North
Sumatra, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi.

VACCINATION

• On 25 September, WHO’s Chief Scientist, Dr Soumya Swaminathan,

participated in ‘Science in 5’, WHO’s series of conversations in science, to
respond to questions on vaccine development progress. Dr Swaminathan
explained that clinical trial results of safety and efficacy from some of the
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 candidate vaccines may be available by the end of 2020 or early 2021.
After the clinical trial results are available, regulators around the world will
analyze the data and make decisions on their approval. The vaccine(s) will
then need to be produced and shipped meaning people may start receiving
vaccinations sometime in mid-20215.

• It may take some time to scale up the production of vaccine(s) when

available. Initially, the frontline and health workers should be prioritized for
vaccination since they are the most at risk and need to continue their work
to keep everyone else safe and healthy. Highly vulnerable population
groups should be the next priority: the elderly, people with pre-existing
diseases and/or underlying conditions, which put them at higher risk of
mortality and severe course of disease; then, the coverage will be gradually
expanded to the remaining population groups5.

Figure 19: A health worker getting ready to attend to his patients. Health workers are at
high risk of contracting COVID-19 and hence should be prioritized for vaccination when a
vaccine becomes available. Credit: WHO

• Ideally, the COVID-19 vaccine(s) should protect at least 50-70% of the

people who receive it, and be safe, both in the short- and long-term for
different age groups, from children to pregnant women to the elderly. It
should be given in a single shot and provide immunity for as long as
possible. Moreover, it should be easy to store and distribute, which means

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https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/media-resources/science-in-
5/episode-5
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 that it should not require ultra-cold storage facilities since these are not
widely available5.

• To ensure the safety of the vaccines, developers must be able to show

data on the benchmarks, for instance minimum efficacy and safety profile,
to regulatory agencies, countries and WHO. The Scientific Advisory Group
of Experts on immunization (SAGE) will look at these data very carefully
before they make recommendations for allocating vaccines between
countries and prioritizing groups for vaccination within each country, using
the Values Framework.

• On 28 September, WHO published a draft landscape of COVID-19

candidate vaccines with 40 vaccines in clinical evaluation and 10 in Phase
3. Inclusion of any product or entity in any of these landscape documents
does not constitute, and shall not be deemed or construed as, approval or
endorsement by WHO. While WHO takes reasonable steps to verify the
accuracy of the information presented in these landscape documents, it
does not make any representations and warranties regarding the accuracy,
completeness, fitness for a particular purpose, quality, safety, efficacy,
merchantability and/or non-infringement of any information provided in
these landscape documents and/or of any of the products referenced
therein. WHO also disclaims any and all liability or responsibility for any
death, disability, injury, suffering, loss, damage or other prejudice of any
kind that may arise from or in connection with the procurement, distribution
or use of any product included in any of these landscape documents.

• To prepare all countries for COVID-19 vaccine introduction, WHO, the

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and
partners are working together at the global and regional levels to develop
and disseminate adaptable guidance, trainings, planning and monitoring
tools, and advocacy materials. One of the initial resources developed is the
COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction Readiness Assessment Tool (VIRAT).
This tool is intended to be used by ministries of health, with support from
WHO and UNICEF, to provide a roadmap for countries to plan for
COVID-19 vaccine introduction and a framework to self-monitor their
readiness progress against key milestones. The COVID-19 VIRAT is ready
for immediate use by all countries, however, it may be updated as more
information becomes available on the vaccine(s) and timelines for delivery.
WHO has translated the COVID-19 VIRAT into Indonesian and
disseminated the tool to MoH and counterparts to be adapted to the
country context and initiate preparations.

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 RISK COMMUNICATION

• On 23 September, during a meeting convened by the MoH Subdirectorate

of Health Promotion, WHO provided input for a book, ‘Suku Tanya Jawab
Seputar Virus Corona’, comprising of various questions and answers on
COVID-19. Health workers in hospitals and community health centres
(puskesmas) and volunteers are the target audience for the book. It has
been developed by Johns Hopkins University and the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID) with some references from
WHO publications on guidance, information, education and communication
materials as well as questions and answers.

• One of the side events of the 75th Session of the General Assembly of the
United Nations (UN) was on ‘Infodemic Management’ with the theme:
promoting healthy behaviours in the time of COVID-19 and mitigating harm
from misinformation and disinformation. WHO coordinated the Director
General of Informatics Application, Ministry of Communication and
Information Technology, Indonesia, to present on ‘Efforts to Transform
Anti-Hoax to Counter-Infodemic Campaign’ (Fig. 20). Other presenting
countries, Thailand and Uruguay, discussed strategies on combating
infodemics.

Figure 20: Indonesian Director General of Informatics Application presented on infodemic

management during the 75th UN General Assembly, 23 September 2020.

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 • WHO is regularly translating and sharing important health messages on
the website and social media platforms – Twitter and Instagram – and has
recently published infographics on older adults and COVID-19 (Fig. 21).

Figure 21: An infographic from the WHO series 'Older adults and COVID-19', September 2020.

PLANNING, RISK AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

• From 23 to 30 September, WHO and MoH are supporting discussions on

the revision of the COVID-19 operational response plans based on the
Intra-Action Review recommendations at the national and provincial levels.
The MoH focal points of each pillar of the response plan presented on
situation analysis, strategies, operation coordination structure (if any),
activities for response and rehabilitation phases, budgets, stakeholders’
involvement, and key indicators. The focal points completed a WHO-MoH
template on each of these areas and during the meeting relevant
stakeholders provided inputs. Technical teams from WHO, including
planning, surveillance, case management, laboratory, infection prevention
and control and risk communication joined these sessions to provide their
inputs.
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 PARTNER COORDINATION

• On 24 September, WHO presented during a webinar convened by the

Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) for healthcare
professionals in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
countries. Other presenters were from Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The topics included: management of
suspected cases, testing protocols and strategies, and notification of the
results.

• On 28 September, WHO presented its draft guidance on ‘Supporting

healthy urban transport and mobility during the easing of COVID-19
measures’ during the ASEAN Health Coordination Meeting on road safety,
in collaboration with MoH. WHO emphasized hygiene and physical
distancing as key factors to control the transmission and suggested
countries to manage and optimize road space to cater for pedestrians,
cyclists and other non-motorized transport users by creating and improving
pedestrian paths and dedicated and secured cycling lanes. WHO will
support the adaptation and implementation of the guidance in Indonesian
once finalized.

Figure 22: Road congestion in Jakarta before the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to optimize
road space and cater for non-motorized transport users, allowing proper physical distancing while
easing large-scale social restrictions. Credit: WHO
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 • Overall funding request for WHO operations and technical assistance is
US$ 46 million (27 million for response and 19 million for recovery phase),
based on estimated needs as of September 2020 (Fig. 23).

Figure 23: WHO funding situation for COVID-19 response, September 2020

Data presented in this situation report have been taken from publicly available data from the MoH
(https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/), BNPB (http://covid19.go.id) and provincial websites. There
may be differences in national and provincial data depending on the source used. All data are
provisional and subject to change.

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A SNAPSHOT OF WHO COURSES AND INFORMATION MATERIAL

Online WHO COVID-19 courses:

• Operational planning guidelines and COVID-19
• Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections
• Health and safety briefing for respiratory diseases – eProtect
• Infection prevention and control
• Emerging respiratory viruses, including COVID-19
• Design of severe acute respiratory infection treatment facility

WHO guidance:
• Doing things that matter
• Considerations for school-related public health measures
• Cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces
• Guiding principles for immunization activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Maintaining a safe and adequate blood supply during the COVID-19 pandemic

Infographics:
• How children can wear fabric masks
• Be active
• Addressing domestic violence
• COVID-19 and NCDs
• Organizing small gatherings
• Staying safe during COVID-19
• Staying healthy in workplace
• Substance abuse

Questions and answers:

• Children and masks
• COVID-19 transmission
• Contact tracing

Videos:
• Guidance at workplace
• Immunization during COVID-19
• Stay healthy at home
• How to protect yourself from COVID-19
• Take care in your workplace
• Safe travel during COVID-19
• COVID-19 is a virus not bacteria
• Health workers and stigma
• Managing stress

For more information please feel free to contact: seinocomm@who.int

WHO Indonesia Reports
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