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transportation fuel
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
Plant production:
CO2 + H2O + sunlight (chlorophyll) (CH2O)n + O2
50
40
30 Fuel
Industrial
20 Beverage
10
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2002 2005 2010
Asia/Pacific
20%
Europe
13%
Americas
Africa
65%
2%
50
40
% 30
20
10
0
Synthetic Sugar crops (Brazil) Grains (US) Others
Water
SSF Fermentation
In: Enzyme, Yeast
Out: Ethanol
Xylose Fermentation
Out: Ethanol
Anaerobic Treatment
In: Manure
Out: Biogas
Pre-treatment Step
Biomass is macerated
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
No detoxification required
Enzymes added
Commercial enzyme mixture: ,
Cellulases & β-glycosidases
Mesophilic fermentation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SSF of pre-treated wheat straw :
% cellulose converted to ethanol
80
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
70
60
50
24 h
40
48 h
30 72 h
20
10
0
wet oxidation raw material
Immobilized cells
Fermentation at 70°C
Thermophilic fermentation
Thermoanaerobacter mathranii
A3M4 adapted to wheat straw
hydrolysate
Ethanol Destillation
Ethanol removed in-situ to avoid
ethanol inhibition
T. mathranii A3M4 Data
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
• Substrates:
Hemicellulose, xylan, xylose, arabinose & mannose
• Products:
Ethanol, acetate, lactate, CO2 & H2
Anaerobic Treatment
Co-Digestion
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
Recirculation
Undigested fibers and lignin
compounds are recirculated back to
the wet oxidation step
Anaerobic Treatment
COD - Reduction
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
“Wheat Straw”
SSF
Enzymes “ Enzyme treatment and
yeast fermentation”
Separation
35.000 t/y
Fermentation and Distillation
“Themophilic A3m4” Ethanol
150.000 t/y
Mass Balance for Process
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
INPUT OUTPUT
Wheat Straw 150,000 t/y
Manure* 150,000 t/y
Ethanol 35,000 t/y
6 3
Methane 20 10 m /y
Effluent Water** 150,000 t/y
* Estimated 7% TS (w/v) in manure
** At a recirculation rate of 65%
Optimal Bioconversion
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
Biomass converted
100% The extra step producing
Biogas produced
methane ensures optimal
utilization of the biomass.
What is not transformed
into ethanol can be
Ethanol produced converted into methane
0%
yield
Straw Surplus in Denmark
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
Unrecoverable (600)
Surplus (1,775)
Other (775)
in mio tons
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
1.8 mill tons straw surplus in Denmark
3 - 6 plants in Denmark
Advantages & Disadvantages
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Re-circulation of process • New technology
water
• Large scale equipment
• High biomass
conversions not available
• No need for genetically
engineered • More research needed
microorganisms
• Minimal nutrient • Political goodwill required
requirements
Future Research
DANISH BIOETHANOL CONCEPT
• ”Co-production Biofuels”
Partners: Elsam (DK), KVL/Risø (DK), EHN (Spain), Sicco
(DK), TMO-Biotech (UK)
-financed by EU with 8.600 KEuro (Risø)
total budget 13.000 KEuro
• ”TIME”
Partners: VTT (Fi), Lund Uni. (SE), Risø (DK), Royal Nedalco
B.V.(N), Royal Oy (Fi), Budapest Uni. (HU), ENEA (I)
-financed by EU with 2.619 Keuro (Risø)
total budget 4.342 kEuro