Le Bureau du Procureur

ȱ The Office of the Prosecutor

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OTPȱWeeklyȱBriefingȱ
1Ȭ7ȱFebruaryȱ2011ȱ––ȱIssueȱ#73ȱ
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HIGHLIGHT:ȱ OTPȱ CONCLUDESȱ SECONDȱ MISSIONȱ TOȱ THEȱ RUSSIANȱ PREVIEW
FEDERATIONȱ INȱ THEȱ CONTEXTȱ OFȱ ITSȱ PRELIMINARYȱ EXAMINATIONȱ INTOȱ THEȱ ȬȱAIUSAȱissuesȱnewȱ
satelliteȱimagesȱonȱongoingȱ
SITUATIONȱINȱGEORGIAȱ
crimesȱinȱDarfur,ȱp.ȱ2Ȭ3ȱ
ȱ
2Ȭ4ȱFebruaryȱȬȱAnȱOTPȱdelegationȱledȱaȱsecondȱvisitȱtoȱtheȱRussianȱFederation,ȱinȱtheȱcontextȱofȱitsȱ
preliminaryȱexaminationȱintoȱtheȱsituationȱinȱGeorgia.ȱȱ
ȱ
Theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ theȱ missionȱ wasȱ toȱ gatherȱ additionalȱ
informationȱ regardingȱ nationalȱ investigationsȱ intoȱ crimesȱ
allegedlyȱ committedȱ inȱ theȱ contextȱ ofȱ theȱ armedȱ conflictȱ inȱ
SouthȱOssetia,ȱGeorgiaȱinȱAugustȱ2008.ȱICCȱcrimesȱallegedlyȱ
committedȱ includeȱ forcedȱ displacementȱ ofȱ civilians,ȱ
directingȱ attacksȱ againstȱ protectedȱ personsȱ andȱ widespreadȱ
destructionȱofȱcivilianȱobjects.ȱ
ȱ
TheȱOTPȱdelegation,ȱheadedȱbyȱMr.ȱEmericȱRogier,ȱHeadȱofȱ
theȱSituationȱAnalysisȱSection,ȱmetȱwithȱseniorȱofficialsȱfromȱ
The OTP delegation with Mr. Igor Panevkin, Deputy Director, Legal Department,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, and his team theȱ Ministryȱ ofȱ Foreignȱ Affairsȱ andȱ representativesȱ ofȱ theȱ
Investigativeȱ Committeeȱ ofȱ theȱ Russianȱ Federation.ȱ Theyȱ
receivedȱaȱcomprehensiveȱupdateȱonȱtheȱprogressȱofȱnationalȱinvestigationsȱundertakenȱbyȱtheȱinvestigativeȱcommittee.ȱȱ
ȱ
ProsecutorȱMorenoȬOcampoȱstated:ȱ““WeȱcommendȱtheȱRussianȱauthoritiesȱforȱtheirȱcooperationȱandȱforȱtheirȱwillingnessȱtoȱshareȱtheirȱ
preliminaryȱ conclusionsȱ withȱ theȱ Office.ȱ Weȱ lookȱ forwardȱ toȱ theirȱ continuedȱ cooperation,ȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ thatȱ ofȱ theȱ Georgianȱ authorities,ȱ toȱ
ensureȱaccountabilityȱforȱtheȱallegedȱcrimesȱcommittedȱinȱAugustȱ2008””.ȱ
ȱ
TheȱOfficeȱisȱalsoȱreceivingȱcooperationȱfromȱtheȱGeorgianȱauthorities.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
I.ȱInvestigationsȱandȱProsecutionsȱ
ȱ
Overȱtheȱreportingȱperiod,ȱtheȱOTPȱpresentedȱsevenȱfilingsȱinȱtheȱvariousȱcasesȱandȱconductedȱthreeȱmissionsȱinȱtwoȱcountries.ȱ
ȱ
I.1.ȱSituationȱinȱtheȱDemocraticȱRepublicȱofȱtheȱCongoȱ(DRC)ȱ
ThisȱsituationȱwasȱreferredȱbyȱtheȱDRCȱinȱMarchȱ2004.ȱTheȱOTPȱopenedȱitsȱinvestigationȱinȱJuneȱ2004,ȱfocusingȱfirstȱonȱIturiȱwhereȱsomeȱofȱ
theȱmostȱseriousȱcrimesȱhadȱbeenȱcommittedȱbyȱtheȱmainȱarmedȱgroups.ȱFourȱarrestȱwarrantsȱhaveȱbeenȱissuedȱagainstȱThomasȱLubangaȱ
DyiloȱandȱBoscoȱNtaganda,ȱleadersȱofȱtheȱUPC,ȱandȱGermainȱKatangaȱandȱMathieuȱNgudjoloȱChui,ȱleadersȱofȱtheȱFNIȱandȱFRPI.ȱTheȱtrialȱofȱ
ThomasȱLubangaȱDyiloȱbeganȱonȱ26ȱJanuaryȱ2009.ȱTheȱtrialȱofȱGermainȱKatangaȱandȱMathieuȱNgudjoloȱChuiȱbeganȱonȱ24ȱNovemberȱ2009;ȱ
onȱ 8ȱ Decemberȱ 2010,ȱ theȱ Prosecutionȱ concludedȱ theȱ presentationȱ ofȱ itsȱ case.ȱ Boscoȱ Ntagandaȱ isȱ atȱ large.ȱ Inȱ Septemberȱ 2008,ȱ theȱ OTPȱ
announcedȱtheȱstartȱofȱitsȱinvestigationȱintoȱallegedȱcrimesȱinȱtheȱKivus.ȱOnȱ28ȱSeptemberȱ2010ȱtheȱjudgesȱissuedȱanȱarrestȱwarrantȱunderȱ
sealȱagainstȱCallixteȱMbarushimana,ȱExecutiveȱSecretaryȱofȱtheȱFDLR.ȱHeȱwasȱarrestedȱonȱ11ȱOctoberȱ2010ȱinȱParis,ȱandȱsurrenderedȱtoȱtheȱ
Courtȱonȱ25ȱJanuaryȱ2011.ȱȱTheȱConfirmationȱofȱChargesȱHearingȱisȱsetȱforȱ4ȱJulyȱ2011.ȱ
ȱ
7ȱ Februaryȱ ––ȱ Theȱ Specialȱ Representativeȱ ofȱ theȱ SecretaryȬGeneralȱ forȱ theȱ DRCȱ Rogerȱ Meeceȱ drewȱ theȱ Securityȱ Council’’sȱ
attentionȱtoȱtheȱongoingȱsexualȱviolenceȱcommittedȱbyȱtheȱFDLR.ȱ““DuringȱtheȱlastȱhalfȱofȱJanuary,ȱ50ȱtoȱ80ȱcasesȱofȱsexualȱviolenceȱ
perpetratedȱbyȱtheȱFDLRȱhadȱbeenȱreported.””ȱReferringȱtoȱtheȱlegalȱactionȱagainstȱtheȱFDLRȱleadershipȱinȱGermanyȱandȱtheȱICC,ȱ
heȱ stressedȱ thatȱ togetherȱ withȱ sanctionsȱ andȱ pressureȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ theseȱ arrestsȱ ““hadȱ clearlyȱ aȱ demoralizingȱ effect.[,……]ȱ Itȱ isȱ
certainlyȱprematureȱtoȱassertȱthatȱtheȱFDLRȱisȱcollapsingȱbutȱtheȱgroup’’sȱcapacityȱisȱdiminishingȱandȱisȱunderȱstrain””.ȱ
ȱ
I.2.ȱSituationȱinȱUgandaȱ
ThisȱsituationȱwasȱreferredȱbyȱUgandaȱinȱJanuaryȱ2004.ȱTheȱOTPȱopenedȱitsȱinvestigationȱinȱJulyȱ2004.ȱFiveȱarrestȱwarrantsȱhaveȱbeenȱissuedȱ
againstȱ topȱ leadersȱ ofȱ theȱ Lord’’sȱ Resistanceȱ Armyȱ (LRA):ȱ Josephȱ Kony,ȱ Vincentȱ Ottiȱ (allegedlyȱ killedȱ inȱ 2007ȱ onȱ orderȱ ofȱ Kony),ȱ Okotȱ
Odhiambo,ȱ Raskaȱ Lukwiyaȱ (killedȱ onȱ 12ȱ Augustȱ 2006,ȱ whoseȱ arrestȱ warrantȱ hasȱ beenȱ withdrawn),ȱ andȱ Dominicȱ Ongwen.ȱ Theseȱ arrestȱ
warrantsȱareȱoutstanding.ȱSinceȱearlyȱ2008,ȱtheȱLRAȱisȱreportedȱtoȱhaveȱkilledȱmoreȱthanȱ2,000,ȱabductedȱmoreȱthanȱ2,500ȱandȱdisplacedȱwellȱ
overȱ300,000ȱinȱDRCȱalone.ȱInȱaddition,ȱoverȱtheȱsameȱperiod,ȱmoreȱthanȱ120,000ȱpeopleȱhaveȱbeenȱdisplaced,ȱatȱleastȱ450ȱpeopleȱkilledȱandȱ
moreȱthanȱ800ȱabductedȱbyȱtheȱLRAȱinȱSouthernȱSudanȱandȱtheȱCentralȱAfricanȱRepublic.ȱ

1ȱFebruaryȱȬȱUKȱMinisterȱforȱAfrica,ȱMr.ȱHenryȱBellingham,ȱstatedȱthatȱtheȱUKȱisȱ““sparingȱnoȱeffortȱatȱallȱinȱhelpingȱthoseȱcountriesȱ
whoȱ areȱ onȱ theȱ frontȱ lineȱ ofȱ tacklingȱ theȱ LRA,ȱ andȱ weȱ areȱ doingȱ allȱ weȱ possiblyȱ canȱ toȱ bringȱ itsȱ leaderȱ toȱ justiceȱ inȱ theȱ Internationalȱ
CriminalȱCourtȱasȱwell.””ȱȱ
ȱ
2ȱ Februaryȱ Ȭȱ Resolve,ȱ Invisibleȱ Children,ȱ Enoughȱ andȱ Citizensȱ forȱ Globalȱ Solutionsȱ jointlyȱ wroteȱ toȱ USȱ Presidentȱ Obamaȱ
seekingȱadditionalȱactionȱtoȱimplementȱtheȱUSȱstrategyȱagainstȱtheȱLRA,ȱincludingȱdesignationȱofȱanȱenvoyȱdealingȱwithȱGreatȱ
Lakesȱ issues,ȱ allocationȱ ofȱ resources,ȱ andȱ workȱ withȱ internationalȱ andȱ regionalȱ partnersȱ toȱ apprehendȱ seniorȱ LRAȱ
commandersȱ andȱ bringȱ themȱ toȱ justice,ȱ especiallyȱ thoseȱ indictedȱ byȱ theȱ ICC.ȱ Theyȱ alsoȱ calledȱ forȱ additionalȱ deploymentȱ ofȱ
MONUSCOȱ andȱ UNMISȱ peacekeepersȱ inȱ LRAȬaffectedȱ areas,ȱ andȱ forȱ USȱ engagementȱ withȱ theȱ AU,ȱ UNȱ Securityȱ Council,ȱ
Franceȱ andȱ otherȱ partnersȱ toȱ seekȱ aȱ multilateralȱ consensusȱ andȱ moreȱ effectiveȱ forces,ȱ supportedȱ byȱ greaterȱ intelligenceȱ andȱ
rapidȱresponseȱcapacity,ȱtoȱimproveȱeffortsȱtoȱpursueȱLRAȱcommanders,ȱtogetherȱwithȱworkȱtoȱencourageȱdefectionsȱandȱtoȱ
ensureȱthatȱexternalȱsupportȱtoȱtheȱLRAȱisȱcutȱoff.ȱȱ
ȱ
7ȱFebruaryȱȬȱTheȱUNȱSecretaryȬGeneralȱinȱhisȱreportȱonȱMONUSCOȱwelcomedȱtheȱAUȱinitiativesȱinȱrelationȱtoȱtheȱLRA,ȱandȱ
urgedȱregionalȱStatesȱandȱtheȱbroaderȱinternationalȱcommunityȱtoȱworkȱwithȱtheȱAUȱtoȱdefineȱaȱcoordinatedȱstrategyȱaimedȱatȱ
protectingȱ civiliansȱ fromȱ theȱ LRAȱ andȱ eliminatingȱ theirȱ capacityȱ toȱ terrorizeȱ civilians.ȱ Heȱ highlightedȱ MONUSCOȱ activityȱ
aimedȱ atȱ deterringȱ LRAȱ attacks,ȱ andȱ workȱ toȱ increaseȱ coordinationȱ andȱ informationȱ sharingȱ betweenȱ UNȱ missionsȱ inȱ DRC,ȱ
SouthernȱSudan,ȱChadȱandȱCAR.ȱ
ȱ
I.3.ȱSituationȱinȱDarfur,ȱtheȱSudanȱ
ThisȱsituationȱwasȱreferredȱbyȱtheȱUNȱSecurityȱCouncilȱinȱMarchȱ2005.ȱTheȱOTPȱopenedȱitsȱinvestigationȱinȱJuneȱ2005.ȱThreeȱarrestȱwarrantsȱ
haveȱ beenȱ issued,ȱ againstȱ Ahmadȱ Harunȱ andȱ Aliȱ Kushayb,ȱ andȱ againstȱ Omarȱ Alȱ Bashir,ȱ whichȱ areȱ outstanding.ȱ Alsoȱ threeȱ summonsȱ toȱ
appearȱhaveȱbeenȱissued,ȱagainstȱBaharȱIdrissȱAbuȱGardaȱandȱagainstȱAbdallahȱBandaȱAbakerȱNourainȱandȱSalehȱMohammedȱJerboȱJamus.ȱ
Onȱ12ȱJuly,ȱPreȬTrialȱChamberȱIȱissuedȱaȱsecondȱwarrantȱofȱarrestȱagainstȱOmarȱAlȱBashirȱforȱthreeȱcountsȱofȱgenocideȱcommittedȱagainstȱtheȱ
Fur,ȱ Masalitȱ andȱ Zaghawaȱ ethnicȱ groups:ȱ genocideȱ byȱ killing,ȱ genocideȱ byȱ causingȱ seriousȱ bodilyȱ orȱ mentalȱ harmȱ andȱ genocideȱ byȱ
deliberatelyȱ inflictingȱ onȱ eachȱ targetȱ groupȱ conditionsȱ ofȱ lifeȱ calculatedȱ toȱ bringȱ aboutȱ theirȱ physicalȱ destruction.Abuȱ Gardaȱ voluntarilyȱ
appearedȱ beforeȱ theȱ Courtȱ pursuantȱ toȱ aȱ summons.ȱ Theȱ confirmationȱ ofȱ chargesȱ hearingȱ wasȱ heldȱ onȱ 19Ȭ30ȱ Octoberȱ 2009.ȱ Onȱ 8ȱ Februaryȱ
2010ȱtheȱPreȬTrialȱChamberȱissuedȱaȱdecisionȱdecliningȱtoȱconfirmȱtheȱcharges.ȱTheȱOTPȱrequestedȱleaveȱtoȱappealȱthisȱdecisionȱonȱ15ȱMarchȱ
andȱthisȱwasȱdeniedȱbyȱtheȱPTCȱonȱ23ȱApril.ȱTheȱOTPȱwillȱpresentȱadditionalȱevidence.ȱOnȱ25ȱMayȱtheȱPTCȱChamberȱissuedȱitsȱ‘‘Decisionȱ
informingȱ theȱ Unitedȱ Nationsȱ Securityȱ Councilȱ aboutȱ theȱ lackȱ ofȱ cooperationȱ byȱ theȱ Republicȱ ofȱ theȱ Sudan’’ȱ inȱ theȱ caseȱ againstȱ Harunȱ &ȱ
Kushayb.ȱOnȱ17ȱJune,ȱAbdallahȱBandaȱAbakerȱNourainȱandȱSalehȱMohammedȱJerboȱJamusȱappearedȱvoluntaryȱbeforeȱtheȱICC,ȱtoȱanswerȱ
chargesȱ ofȱ warȱ crimesȱ forȱ theirȱ rolesȱ inȱ theȱ 2007ȱ attackȱ againstȱ Africanȱ Unionȱ peacekeepersȱ inȱ Haskanita.ȱ Theȱ confirmationȱ ofȱ chargesȱ
hearingȱforȱBandaȱandȱJerboȱtookȱplaceȱonȱ8ȱDecemberȱ2010.ȱȱ
ȱ

29ȱ Januaryȱ Ȭȱ Sudaneseȱ Ministerȱ ofȱ Foreignȱ Affairsȱ Aliȱ Kartiȱ visitedȱ tenȱ Europeanȱ Statesȱ toȱ address,ȱ amongȱ otherȱ issues,ȱ
Europeanȱ supportȱ forȱ theȱ ICC.ȱ Ministryȱ spokesmanȱ Khalidȱ Musaȱ describedȱ theȱ missionȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ anȱ effortȱ toȱ reduceȱ theȱ
amountȱofȱ““foreignȱpresence””ȱinȱtheȱcountry,ȱrepresentedȱbyȱtheȱUNȱpeacekeepingȱmissions,ȱandȱtoȱembellishȱSudan’’sȱimage,ȱ
whichȱheȱsaidȱwasȱtarnishedȱbyȱlobbyȱgroupsȱinȱtheȱWest.ȱȱȱ
ȱ
2ȱFebruaryȱȬȱAmnestyȱInternationalȱissuedȱnewȱsatelliteȱimagesȱrevealingȱcontinuingȱatrocitiesȱinȱDarfur.ȱȱImagesȱsecuredȱbyȱ
Amnestyȱ Internationalȱ USAȱ (AIUSA)ȱ andȱ analyzedȱ withȱ partnersȱ fromȱ theȱ Americanȱ Associationȱ forȱ theȱ Advancementȱ ofȱ
Scienceȱ(AAAS)ȱshowȱthatȱciviliansȱwereȱtargetedȱinȱtheȱNegehaȱregionȱofȱsouthȱDarfur,ȱwithȱvillagesȱburnedȱtoȱtheȱgroundȱasȱ
recentlyȱasȱDecember.ȱAccordingȱtoȱAI,ȱinȱDecemberȱalone,ȱmoreȱthanȱ20,000ȱpeopleȱwereȱdisplacedȱbyȱgovernmentȱattacks.ȱ
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AIUSAȱstated:ȱ““Whileȱtheȱworldȱhasȱunderstandablyȱturnedȱaȱhopefulȱeyeȱtoȱtheȱreferendumȱprocess,ȱtheȱsatelliteȱevidenceȱcollectedȱfromȱ
theȱNegehaȱregionȱofȱDarfurȱdemonstratesȱwhatȱhappensȱwhenȱvigilantȱattentionȱwanesȱandȱsupportȱforȱaccountabilityȱcedesȱtoȱpoliticalȱorȱ
diplomaticȱexpediencyȱ[……].ȱWhenȱtheȱUNȱMissionȱinȱSudanȱgivesȱaȱrideȱtoȱoneȱofȱtheȱallegedȱarchitectsȱofȱsystematicȱmurder,ȱrape,ȱandȱ
tortureȱinȱDarfur,ȱweȱhaveȱtoȱquestionȱtheȱcurrentȱstateȱofȱcommitmentȱtoȱjusticeȱforȱDarfur.ȱItȱthenȱbecomesȱeasierȱtoȱunderstandȱwhyȱtheȱ
crimesȱdocumentedȱinȱtheȱNegehaȱanalysisȱcontinueȱunabated.ȱImpunityȬthatȇsȱwhatȱtheȱsatelliteȱimageryȱcurrentlyȱshows””.ȱȱȱȱ
ȱ

I.4.ȱSituationȱinȱtheȱCentralȱAfricanȱRepublicȱ(CAR)ȱ
Thisȱ situationȱ wasȱ referredȱ byȱ theȱ CARȱ inȱ Decemberȱ 2004.ȱ Theȱ OTPȱ openedȱ itsȱ investigationȱ inȱ Mayȱ 2007.ȱ Oneȱ arrestȱ warrantȱ hasȱ beenȱ
issuedȱagainstȱJeanȬPierreȱBembaȱGomboȱforȱcrimesȱcommittedȱinȱ2002Ȭ2003.ȱTheȱconfirmationȱofȱchargesȱhearingȱwasȱheldȱonȱ12Ȭ15ȱJanuaryȱ
2009.ȱOnȱ15ȱJuneȱ2009,ȱPreȬTrialȱChamberȱIIȱrenderedȱitsȱconfirmationȱofȱchargesȱdecision.ȱOnȱ18ȱSeptember,ȱtheȱcaseȱwasȱreferredȱtoȱTrialȱ
Chamberȱ III.ȱ Inȱ parallel,ȱ theȱ Officeȱ continuesȱ toȱ monitorȱ allegationsȱ ofȱ crimesȱ committedȱ sinceȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ 2005.ȱ Theȱ trialȱ startedȱ onȱȱ
22ȱ Novemberȱ 2010.ȱ Theȱ Defenceȱ decidedȱ notȱ toȱ appealȱ theȱ 17ȱ Decemberȱ Decisionȱ onȱ theȱ reviewȱ ofȱ detentionȱ ofȱ Mr.ȱ JeanȬPierreȱ Bemba,ȱ
pursuantȱtoȱtheȱAppealsȱJudgmentȱofȱ19ȱNovemberȱ2010.ȱȱ
ȱ

I.5.ȱKenyaȱ
Theȱ Officeȱ madeȱ itsȱ examinationȱ ofȱ theȱ postȬelectionȱ violenceȱ ofȱ Decemberȱ 2007ȬJanuaryȱ 2008ȱ publicȱ inȱ Februaryȱ 2008.ȱ Onȱȱ
9ȱJulyȱ2009,ȱtheȱAfricanȱUnionȱPanelȱofȱEminentȱAfricanȱPersonalities,ȱchairedȱbyȱKofiȱAnnan,ȱannouncedȱtheȱsubmissionȱtoȱtheȱOTPȱofȱaȱ
sealedȱenvelopeȱcontainingȱaȱlistȱofȱpersonsȱallegedlyȱimplicatedȱandȱsupportingȱmaterialsȱpreviouslyȱentrustedȱtoȱMr.ȱAnnanȱbyȱtheȱWakiȱ
Commission.ȱ Onȱ 5ȱ Novemberȱ theȱ Prosecutorȱ informedȱ Presidentȱ Kibakiȱ andȱ Primeȱ Ministerȱ Odingaȱ ofȱ hisȱ viewȱ thatȱ crimesȱ againstȱ
humanityȱ hadȱ beenȱ committedȱ andȱ ofȱ hisȱ duty,ȱ inȱ theȱ absenceȱ ofȱ nationalȱ proceedings,ȱ toȱ act.ȱ Bothȱ theȱ Presidentȱ andȱ theȱ Primeȱ Ministerȱ
committedȱ toȱ cooperateȱ withȱ theȱ Court.ȱ Onȱ 26ȱ Novemberȱ theȱ Prosecutorȱ requestedȱ authorizationȱ fromȱ PreȬTrialȱ Chamberȱ IIȱ toȱ openȱ anȱ
investigation,ȱnotingȱ that:ȱ 1,220ȱ personsȱ hadȱ beenȱ killed;ȱhundredsȱ raped,ȱ withȱ thousandsȱ moreȱ unreported;ȱ 350,000ȱ peopleȱ wereȱ forciblyȱ
displaced;ȱandȱ3,561ȱinjuredȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱwidespreadȱandȱsystematicȱattackȱagainstȱcivilians.ȱOnȱ31ȱMarchȱtheȱPreȬTrialȱChamberȱauthorizedȱ
theȱProsecutorȱtoȱcommenceȱanȱinvestigationȱcoveringȱallegedȱcrimesȱagainstȱhumanityȱcommittedȱbetweenȱ1ȱJuneȱ2005ȱandȱ26ȱNovemberȱ
2009.ȱTheȱProsecutorȱmadeȱhisȱfirstȱvisitȱtoȱKenyaȱsinceȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱinvestigationȱonȱ8Ȭ12ȱMayȱandȱhisȱsecondȱvisitȱ1Ȭ3ȱDecember.ȱ
Theȱ Prosecutorȱ submittedȱ twoȱ applicationsȱ forȱ summonsesȱ toȱ appearȱ regardingȱ sixȱ individualsȱ (Williamȱ Samoeiȱ Ruto,ȱ Henryȱ Kipronoȱ
Kosgey,ȱ Joshuaȱ Arapȱ Sang,ȱ Francisȱ Kirimiȱ Muthaura,ȱ Uhuruȱ Muigaiȱ Kenyattaȱ andȱ Mohamedȱ Husseinȱ Ali)ȱ onȱ 15ȱ Decemberȱ 2010.ȱ Theseȱ
individualsȱareȱallegedȱtoȱbeȱmostȱresponsibleȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱtheȱevidence.ȱ
ȱ
2ȱFebruaryȱȬȱPrimeȱMinisterȱRailaȱOdingaȱcommentingȱonȱeffortsȱbyȱpartsȱofȱtheȱGovernmentȱtoȱgetȱaȱdeferralȱfromȱtheȱUNȱ
SecurityȱCouncilȱregardingȱtheȱICCȱcases,ȱstated:ȱ““Iȱthinkȱourȱcountryȱmayȱbeȱembarkingȱonȱaȱlargeȱoperationȱthatȱwillȱcostȱusȱdearlyȱ
inȱinternationalȱreputationȱwithoutȱanyȱreturns.””ȱ
ȱ
3ȱFebruaryȱȬȱAsȱpartȱofȱtheȱ““YESȱtoȱICCȱNow,ȱNoȱDeferral””ȱcampaignȱofȱtheȱKenyanȱcivilȱsociety,ȱlaunchedȱinȱJanuaryȱ2011ȱ
andȱ aimedȱ atȱ collectingȱ 1ȱ millionȱ Kenyanȱ signaturesȱ byȱ midȬFebruaryȱ inȱ supportȱ ofȱ theȱ ICC,ȱ aȱ peacefulȱ marchȱ onȱ theȱ
Parliamentȱ wasȱ organizedȱ whereȱ theȱ demonstratorsȱ handedȱ overȱ aȱ declarationȱ reprimandingȱ theȱ attemptsȱ ofȱ theȱ Kenyanȱ
Parliamentȱ toȱ withdrawȱ fromȱ theȱ Romeȱ Statute,ȱ stopȱ orȱ deferȱ theȱ onȬgoingȱ ICCȱ proceedings,ȱ andȱ useȱ publicȱ fundsȱ forȱ theȱ
defenseȱofȱtheȱICCȱsuspects.ȱȱ
ȱ
3ȱFebruaryȱȬȱUSȱDeputyȱSecretaryȱofȱStateȱJamesȱSteinbergȱconfirmedȱtheȱUSȱbackingȱofȱtheȱICCȱproceedingsȱinȱKenya.ȱ““Weȱareȱ
veryȱ committedȱ toȱ theȱ principleȱ ofȱ accountabilityȱ andȱ theȱ avoidanceȱ ofȱ impunityȱ andȱ rightȱ nowȱ theȱ onlyȱ mechanismȱ toȱ pursueȱ thatȱ isȱ
throughȱtheȱICC,””ȱheȱsaidȱandȱadded,ȱ““ThatȱisȱtheȱchoiceȱtheȱKenyanȱgovernmentȱmadeȱwhenȱbothȱtheȱexecutiveȱbranchȱandȱlegislatureȱ
choseȱnotȱtoȱpursueȱaȱdomesticȱapproach.””ȱ
ȱ
7ȱFebruaryȱȬȱAȱpollȱofȱpublicȱopinionȱinȱKenya’’sȱCentralȱProvinceȱbyȱRadioȱAfricaȱGroupȱindicatesȱthatȱ68%ȱopposeȱtheȱrecentȱ
attemptsȱbyȱtheȱgovernmentȱtoȱwithdrawȱfromȱtheȱICCȱ(TheȱStar,ȱ7ȱFebruaryȱ2011)ȱ
ȱ
II.ȱPreliminaryȱExaminationsȱ
ȱ

StatisticsȱonȱArticleȱ15ȱCommunicationsȱandȱotherȱpreliminaryȱexaminationȱactivities.ȱȱ
ȱ
ȱ
AȱpreliminaryȱexaminationȱisȱtheȱfirstȱphaseȱofȱtheȱOfficeȱofȱtheȱProsecutorȱactivities,ȱinȱorderȱtoȱassessȱifȱanȱinvestigationȱshouldȱbeȱopened.ȱȱ
ItȱisȱaȱphaseȱduringȱwhichȱtheȱOfficeȱfirstȱassessesȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱCourt,ȱwhetherȱcrimesȱfallingȱunderȱtheȱICCȱjurisdictionȱmayȱhaveȱ
been,ȱorȱareȱpossiblyȱbeing,ȱcommittedȱinȱaȱgivenȱsituation;ȱifȱtheȱconditionsȱareȱmet,ȱwhetherȱgenuineȱinvestigationsȱandȱprosecutionsȱareȱ
beingȱ carriedȱ outȱ byȱ theȱ competentȱ authoritiesȱ inȱ relationȱ toȱ theseȱ crimes;ȱ and,ȱ asȱ aȱ thirdȱ step,ȱ whetherȱ theȱ possibleȱ openingȱ ofȱ anȱ
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investigationȱbyȱtheȱProsecutorȱwouldȱnotȱgoȱagainstȱtheȱinterestsȱofȱjustice.ȱDuringȱthisȱphase,ȱandȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱArticleȱ15,ȱtheȱOfficeȱ
proactivelyȱ evaluatesȱ allȱ informationȱ onȱ allegedȱ crimesȱ fromȱ multipleȱ sources,ȱ includingȱ ““communications””ȱ fromȱ individualsȱ andȱ partiesȱ
concerned.ȱTheȱtriggeringȱofȱaȱpreliminaryȱexaminationȱdoesȱnotȱimplyȱthatȱanȱinvestigationȱwillȱbeȱopened.ȱȱ
ȱ
II.1.ȱAfghanistanȱ
TheȱOfficeȱmadeȱitsȱexaminationȱpublicȱinȱ2007.ȱItȱexaminesȱallegedȱcrimesȱwithinȱtheȱjurisdictionȱofȱtheȱCourtȱbyȱallȱactorsȱinvolved.ȱTheȱ
OTPȱ metȱ outsideȱ Afghanistanȱ withȱ Afghanȱ officialsȱ andȱ organizations.ȱ Theȱ OTPȱ sentȱ requestsȱ forȱ informationȱ toȱ theȱ Governmentȱ ofȱ
Afghanistanȱandȱhasȱnotȱyetȱreceivedȱanȱanswer.ȱȱ
ȱ

3ȱFebruaryȱȬȱTheȱSpecialȱRepresentativeȱofȱtheȱSecretaryȬGeneralȱforȱChildrenȱandȱArmedȱConflictȱRadhikaȱCoomaraswamyȱ
signedȱ anȱ Actionȱ Planȱ withȱ theȱ Governmentȱ ofȱ Afghanistanȱ toȱ preventȱ underȬageȱ recruitmentȱ intoȱ theȱ Afghanȱ Nationalȱ
SecurityȱForces.ȱSRSGȱCoomaraswamyȱcalledȱonȱallȱparties,ȱincludingȱantiȬgovernmentȱelements,ȱtoȱendȱtheȱrecruitmentȱandȱ
useȱ ofȱ childrenȱ inȱ theȱ ongoingȱ conflict,ȱ andȱ urgedȱ theȱ Governmentȱ ofȱ Afghanistanȱ toȱ ensureȱ dueȱ process,ȱ noting,ȱ ““Iȱ feelȱ
confidentȱthatȱtheȱGovernmentȱofȱAfghanistanȱandȱtheȱinternationalȱcommunityȱwillȱworkȱtogetherȱonȱthisȱissue.””ȱ
ȱ
II.2.ȱColombiaȱ
Theȱ Officeȱ madeȱ itsȱ examinationȱ publicȱ inȱ 2006.ȱ Itȱ examinesȱ allegedȱ crimesȱ withinȱ theȱ jurisdictionȱ ofȱ theȱ Courtȱ andȱ
investigations/proceedingsȱconductedȱinȱColombiaȱagainstȱtheȱallegedlyȱmostȱseriousȱperpetrators,ȱparamilitaryȱleaders,ȱpoliticians,ȱguerrillaȱ
leadersȱ andȱ militaryȱ personnel.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ isȱ alsoȱ analyzingȱ allegationsȱ ofȱ internationalȱ networksȱ supportingȱ armedȱ groupsȱ committingȱ
crimesȱinȱColombia.ȱȱȱȱ
ȱ
II.3.ȱGeorgiaȱ
TheȱOfficeȱmadeȱitsȱexaminationȱpublicȱonȱ14ȱAugustȱ2008.ȱTheȱGeorgianȱMinisterȱofȱJusticeȱvisitedȱtheȱOTP.ȱRussia,ȱaȱStateȱnotȱPartyȱtoȱtheȱ
Statute,ȱhasȱsentȱ3,817ȱcommunicationsȱtoȱtheȱOTP.ȱTheȱProsecutorȱrequestedȱinformationȱfromȱtheȱGovernmentsȱofȱRussiaȱandȱGeorgiaȱonȱ
27ȱ Augustȱ 2008.ȱBothȱ theȱ Russianȱ andȱ Georgianȱ authoritiesȱ responded.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ conductedȱ aȱvisitȱ toȱ GeorgiaȱinȱNovemberȱ 2008ȱ andȱ toȱ
RussiaȱinȱMarchȱ2010.ȱAȱsecondȱmissionȱtoȱGeorgiaȱwasȱconductedȱinȱJuneȱ2010.ȱ
ȱ
II.4.ȱPalestineȱ
Onȱ 22ȱ Januaryȱ 2009,ȱ theȱ Palestinianȱ Nationalȱ Authorityȱ lodgedȱ aȱ declarationȱ withȱ theȱ Registrarȱ underȱ Articleȱ 12(3)ȱ ofȱ theȱ Romeȱ Statuteȱ
whichȱallowsȱStatesȱnotȱpartyȱtoȱtheȱStatuteȱtoȱacceptȱtheȱCourt’’sȱjurisdiction.ȱTheȱOTPȱwillȱexamineȱissuesȱrelatedȱtoȱitsȱjurisdiction:ȱfirstȱ
whetherȱtheȱdeclarationȱacceptingȱtheȱexerciseȱofȱjurisdictionȱbyȱtheȱCourtȱmeetsȱstatutoryȱrequirements;ȱandȱsecondȱwhetherȱcrimesȱwithinȱ
theȱ Court’’sȱ jurisdictionȱ haveȱ beenȱ committed.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ willȱ alsoȱ considerȱ whetherȱ thereȱ areȱ nationalȱ proceedingsȱ inȱ relationȱ toȱ allegedȱ
crimes.ȱAȱdelegationȱfromȱtheȱPalestinianȱNationalȱAuthority,ȱandȱRepresentativesȱofȱtheȱArabȱLeagueȱvisitedȱtheȱCourtȱonȱ15Ȭ16ȱOctoberȱ
2009ȱ toȱ presentȱ aȱ reportȱ inȱ supportȱ ofȱ theȱ PNA’’sȱ abilityȱ toȱ delegateȱ itsȱ jurisdictionȱ toȱ theȱ ICC.ȱ Onȱ 11ȱ January,ȱ theȱ OTPȱ sentȱ aȱ letterȱ
summarizingȱitsȱactivitiesȱtoȱtheȱUnitedȱNationsȱatȱtheirȱrequest.ȱOnȱ3ȱMay,ȱtheȱOTPȱpublishedȱaȱ““Summaryȱofȱsubmissionsȱonȱwhetherȱtheȱ
declarationȱlodgedȱbyȱtheȱPalestinianȱNationalȱAuthorityȱmeetsȱstatutoryȱrequirements.””ȱTheȱOTPȱhasȱnotȱmadeȱanyȱdeterminationȱonȱtheȱ
issue.ȱȱȱ
ȱ
II.5.ȱCôteȱd’’Ivoireȱ
TheȱCourtȱhasȱjurisdictionȱoverȱtheȱsituationȱinȱCôteȱd’’IvoireȱbyȱvirtueȱofȱanȱArticleȱ12(3)ȱdeclarationȱsubmittedȱbyȱtheȱIvorianȱGovernmentȱ
onȱ 1ȱ Octoberȱ 2003.ȱ Theȱ declarationȱ acceptsȱ theȱ jurisdictionȱ ofȱ theȱ Courtȱ asȱ ofȱ 19ȱ Septemberȱ 2002.ȱ Onȱ 17Ȭ18ȱ Julyȱ 2009,ȱ highȬlevelȱ
representativesȱofȱtheȱOTPȱvisitedȱAbidjan.ȱ
ȱ
4ȱFebruaryȱȬȱInȱaȱbriefingȱonȱtheȱcurrentȱsituationȱinȱCoteȱd’’Ivoire,ȱUSȱAmbassadorȱtoȱCôteȱd’’IvoireȱPhillipȱCarter,ȱsaid:ȱ““Theȱ
Africansȱareȱlookingȱforȱwhateverȱmeansȱtheyȱcanȱtoȱavoidȱconflictȱorȱtoȱexacerbateȱconflict.ȱTheyȱallȱrecognizeȱthatȱtheȱhumanȱrightsȱabusesȱ
thatȱareȱoccurringȱinȱAbidjanȱandȱinȱtheȱwesternȱpartȱofȱtheȱcountryȱ––ȱnotȱnecessarilyȱinȱtheȱnorth,ȱwhichȱisȱessentiallyȱOuattara’’sȱ––ȱunderȱ
Ouattara’’sȱcontrolȱ––ȱareȱsomethingȱthatȱhaveȱtoȱbeȱattendedȱto.ȱAndȱtheȱquestionȱofȱaccountabilityȱisȱcomingȱup,ȱandȱsoȱthatȱwindowȱforȱ
Gbagboȱtoȱleaveȱhonorably,ȱpeacefully,ȱwithȱamnesty,ȱthatȱwindowȱisȱclosing””.ȱ
ȱ
II.6.ȱGuineaȱ
TheȱOfficeȱmadeȱitsȱexaminationȱofȱtheȱsituationȱinȱGuineaȱpublicȱonȱ14ȱOctoberȱ2009.ȱGuineaȱisȱaȱStateȱPartyȱtoȱtheȱRomeȱStatuteȱsinceȱ14ȱ
Julyȱ2003ȱand,ȱasȱsuch,ȱtheȱICCȱhasȱjurisdictionȱoverȱwarȱcrimes,ȱcrimesȱagainstȱhumanityȱandȱgenocideȱpossiblyȱcommittedȱinȱtheȱterritoryȱ
ofȱ Guineaȱ orȱ byȱ nationalsȱ ofȱ Guinea,ȱ includingȱ killingsȱ ofȱ civiliansȱ andȱ sexualȱ violence.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ hasȱ takenȱ noteȱ ofȱ seriousȱ allegationsȱ
surroundingȱ theȱ eventsȱ ofȱ 28ȱ Septemberȱ 2009ȱ inȱ Conakryȱ inȱ accordanceȱ withȱ Articleȱ 15ȱ ofȱ theȱ Statute.ȱ ȱ Inȱ Januaryȱ 2010,ȱ OTPȱ highȱ levelȱ
representativesȱ heldȱ consultationsȱ withȱ Presidentȱ Compaoreȱ ofȱ Burkinaȱ Faso,ȱ mediatorȱ forȱ theȱ contactȱ groupȱ onȱ Guinea,ȱ andȱ Presidentȱ
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WadeȱofȱSenegalȱtoȱensureȱthatȱtheyȱareȱinformedȱofȱitsȱwork.ȱFromȱ15ȱtoȱ19ȱFebruaryȱ2010,ȱtheȱOTPȱsentȱaȱmissionȱtoȱGuinea,ȱledȱbyȱDeputyȱ
Prosecutorȱ Fatouȱ Bensouda,ȱ inȱ theȱ contextȱ ofȱ itsȱ preliminaryȱ examinationȱ activities.ȱ Fromȱ 19Ȭ21ȱ Mayȱ aȱ secondȱ OTPȱ missionȱ metȱ withȱ theȱ
Guineanȱ Ministerȱ ofȱ Justice,ȱ Col.ȱ Lohalamou,ȱ andȱ Guineanȱ judges.ȱ Aȱ thirdȱ OTPȱ mission,ȱ leadȱ byȱ Deputyȱ Prosecutorȱ Bensouda,ȱ wentȱ toȱ
Conakryȱfromȱ8ȱtoȱ12ȱNovemberȱ2010,ȱandȱmetȱwithȱPresidentȱSékoubaȱKonaté,ȱPrimeȱMinisterȱDoré,ȱasȱwellȱasȱbothȱelectionȱcandidates.ȱ
TheȱGuineanȱauthoritiesȱextendedȱfullȱcooperationȱtoȱtheȱCourt.ȱȱ
ȱ
II.7.ȱNigeriaȱ
TheȱOfficeȱmadeȱitsȱexaminationȱofȱtheȱsituationȱinȱNigeriaȱpublicȱonȱ18ȱNovemberȱ2010.ȱNigeriaȱisȱaȱStateȱPartyȱtoȱtheȱRomeȱStatuteȱsinceȱ27ȱ
Septemberȱ2001.ȱTheȱOfficeȱhasȱbeenȱanalyzingȱtheȱallegedȱcrimesȱcommittedȱinȱCentralȱNigeriaȱsinceȱmidȬ2004ȱandȱisȱlookingȱforwardȱtoȱ
engagingȱconstructivelyȱwithȱtheȱNigerianȱauthoritiesȱonȱtheȱissue.ȱ
ȱ
II.8.ȱHondurasȱ
TheȱOfficeȱmadeȱitsȱexaminationȱofȱtheȱsituationȱinȱHondurasȱpublicȱonȱ18ȱNovemberȱ2010.ȱHondurasȱisȱaȱStateȱPartyȱtoȱtheȱRomeȱStatuteȱ
sinceȱ1ȱJulyȱ2002.ȱTheȱOfficeȱhasȱreceivedȱmanyȱcommunicationsȱonȱcrimesȱlinkedȱtoȱtheȱcoupȱofȱJuneȱ2009.ȱThereȱwereȱdifferentȱallegations,ȱ
mostlyȱ regardingȱ allegedȱ massiveȱ casesȱ ofȱ tortureȱ andȱ moreȱ thanȱ aȱ thousandȱ peopleȱ beingȱ arrestedȱ inȱ oneȱ day.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ metȱ withȱ theȱ
HondurasȱMinisterȱCounsellorȱinȱTheȱHagueȱonȱ22ȱNovember,ȱwhoȱprovidedȱrelevantȱinformationȱandȱpromisedȱtheirȱfullȱcooperation.ȱȱ
ȱ
II.9.ȱRepublicȱofȱKoreaȱ
Theȱ Officeȱ madeȱitsȱ examinationȱ ofȱ theȱsituationȱinȱ theȱ Republicȱofȱ Koreaȱ publicȱonȱ 6ȱDecemberȱ 2010.ȱKoreaȱisȱ aȱ StateȱPartyȱ toȱ theȱ Romeȱ
Statuteȱ sinceȱ 13ȱ Novemberȱ 2002.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ ofȱ theȱ Prosecutorȱ hasȱ receivedȱ communicationsȱ allegingȱ thatȱ Northȱ Koreanȱ forcesȱ committedȱ
warȱ crimesȱ inȱ theȱ territoryȱ ofȱ theȱ Republicȱ ofȱ Korea.ȱ Theȱ Officeȱ isȱ currentlyȱ evaluatingȱ ifȱ someȱ incidentsȱ constituteȱ warȱ crimesȱ underȱ theȱ
jurisdictionȱofȱtheȱCourt.ȱTheseȱincidentsȱare:ȱȱa)ȱtheȱshellingȱofȱYeonpyeongȱIslandȱonȱtheȱ23ȱNovemberȱ2010ȱwhichȱresultedȱinȱtheȱkillingȱofȱ
Southȱ Koreanȱ marinesȱ andȱ civiliansȱ andȱ theȱ injuryȱ ofȱ manyȱ others;ȱ andȱ b)ȱ theȱ sinkingȱ ofȱ aȱ Southȱ Koreanȱ warship,ȱ theȱ Cheonan,ȱ hitȱ byȱ aȱ
torpedoȱallegedlyȱfiredȱfromȱaȱNorthȱKoreanȱsubmarineȱonȱ26ȱMarchȱ2010,ȱwhichȱresultedȱinȱtheȱdeathȱofȱ46ȱpersons.ȱȱ
ȱ
III.ȱCooperationȱ––ȱGalvanizingȱEffortsȱtoȱArrestȱȱ
ȱ
2ȱ Februaryȱ ȬȱAsȱUNȱSecretaryȬGeneralȱBanȱ KiȬmoonȱ deliveredȱ theȱ 2011ȱ CyrilȱFosterȱ Lectureȱ onȱ““Humanȱ Protectionȱandȱ theȱ
TwentyȬFirstȱCenturyȱUnitedȱNations””ȱatȱOxfordȱUniversity,ȱheȱhighlighted:ȱ““Weȱhaveȱwelcomedȱtheȱparallelȱestablishmentȱofȱtheȱ
Internationalȱ Criminalȱ Court,ȱ aȱ signalȱ advanceȱ inȱ theȱ ageȬoldȱ struggleȱ toȱ overcomeȱ impunity.ȱ ȱ Accountabilityȱ isȱ nowȱ anȱ indispensableȱ
elementȱofȱtheȱframeworkȱofȱprotection.ȱȱItȱisȱaȱfrontalȱchallengeȱtoȱimpunity.ȱȱAndȱitȱalsoȱservesȱasȱaȱpowerfulȱdeterrentȱagainstȱpotentialȱ
perpetrators.ȱ[……]ȱAsȱSecretaryȬGeneral,ȱIȱhaveȱinsistedȱonȱstandardsȱofȱaccountability,ȱespeciallyȱasȱtheyȱrelateȱtoȱconductȱduringȱconflict.””ȱȱ
ȱ
IV.ȱUpcomingȱEventsȱ
ȱ
¾ 9ȱFebruaryȱȬȱDeputyȱProsecutorȱparticipatesȱinȱaȱWestȱAfricanȱRegionalȱRoundtableȱDiscussionȱonȱICCȱImplementation,ȱtoȱ
beȱhostedȱbyȱtheȱSenateȱofȱLiberiaȱinȱMonrovia,ȱinȱconjunctionȱwithȱPGA,ȱMonroviaȱ
¾ 14ȱFebruaryȱȬȱProsecutorȱparticipatesȱinȱtheȱCinemaȱforȱPeaceȱevent,ȱBerlinȱ
¾ 7ȱMarchȱȬȱProsecutorȱdeliversȱtheȱinauguralȱlectureȱofȱtheȱnewȱMasterȱonȱGovernanceȱandȱHumanȱRightsȱatȱtheȱUniversidadȱ
Autónoma,ȱMadridȱ
¾ 15ȱMarchȱȬȱDeputyȱProsecutorȱparticipatesȱinȱtheȱinternationalȱcolloquiumȱ““Women’’sȱrights,ȱMigrantȱwomen’’sȱrightsȱandȱ
internationalȱhumanitarianȱlaw””,ȱDakarȱ
¾ 21ȱMarchȱȬȱProsecutorȱdeliversȱkeynoteȱspeechȱatȱFacingȱHistoryȱandȱOurselvesȱevent,ȱLondonȱ
¾ 6Ȭ7ȱAprilȱȬȱOTPȱholdsȱitsȱbiȬannualȱroundtableȱmeetingȱwithȱNGOs,ȱTheȱHagueȱ
¾ 11Ȭ13ȱAprilȱȬȱDeputyȱProsecutorȱparticipatesȱinȱtheȱExpertȱmeetingȱonȱcomplementaritiesȱbetweenȱinternationalȱrefugeeȱlaw,ȱ
internationalȱcriminalȱlaw,ȱandȱinternationalȱhumanȱrightsȱlaw,ȱorganizedȱbyȱICTRȱandȱUNHCR,ȱArushaȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ

*ȱThisȱdocumentȱreflectsȱtheȱviewsȱofȱtheȱOfficeȱofȱtheȱProsecutorȱofȱtheȱICC.ȱForȱmoreȱinformation,ȱcontactȱMrs.ȱOliviaȱSwaakȬGoldman,ȱInternationalȱCooperationȱAdviserȱ
inȱtheȱOfficeȱofȱtheȱProsecutor,ȱatȱOlivia.SwaakȬGoldman@iccȬcpi.intȱ

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