COURSE OUTLINE

PROPERTY
Judge R. S. Aquino-Tambasacan

Reference textbook: Property by Paras or kahit anong feel nyo na

textbook

I. Definition; Characteristics

II. Classification – Arts. 415-425 – 2017, 2014, 2012, 2007, 1997, 1995 Bar
→ Leung Yee vs. Strong Machinery, 37 Phil 644, February 15, 1918
→ Davao Sawmill vs. Castillo, 61 Phil 709, August 7, 1935
→ Mindanao Bus Co. vs. City Assessor and Treasurer, 6 SCRA 197,
September 29, 1962
→ Serg’s Products vs. PCI Leasing and Finance, 338 SCRA 499,
August 22, 2000
→ Board of Assessment Appeals vs. Meralco, 10 SCRA 68,
January 31, 1964
→ Manila Electric Co. vs. City Assessor, August 5, 2015
→ Provincial Assessor of Agusan del Sur vs. Filipinas Palm Oil
Plantation, Inc., October 5, 2016
→ FELS Energy vs. Province of Batangas, 516 SCRA 186, February
16, 2007
→ Presbitero vs. Fernandez, 7 SCRA 625, September 13, 1977
→ Laurel vs. Abrogar, January 13, 2009
→ Sibal vs. Valdez, 50 Phil. 512, August 4, 1927
→ Strochecker vs. Ramirez, 44 Phil 933, September 26, 1922

→ Republic vs. Cortez, Sr., September 7, 2015

→ Navy Officers Village Association, Inc. vs. Republic, August 3,
2015
→ Dream Village Neighborhood Association vs. BCDA,
July 14, 2013
→ Santos vs. Moreno, 21 SCRA 1141, December 4, 1967
→ Republic vs. Vda de Joson, March 10, 2014
→ Maneclang vs. IAC, 144 SCRA 553, September 30, 1986
→ Usero vs. CA, 449 SCRA 352, January 26, 2005
→ Office of the City Mayor of Parañaque vs. Ebio, 621 SCRA 555,
June 23, 2010
→ Chavez v. Public Estates Authority, 384 SCRA 152, July 9, 2002
→ RP vs. CA, 299 SCRA 199, November 25, 1998
→ City of Lapu-Lapu vs. PEZA, November 26, 2014
→ MIAA vs. CA, 495 SCRA 591, July 20, 2006
→ Laurel vs. Garcia, 187 SCRA 797, July 25, 1990
→ RP vs. RTC Branch 18 Roxas City, June 18, 2009
→ Alcantara vs. COSLAP, July 20, 2001
→ Heirs of Paragas vs. RD of Tarlac City, October 10, 2007
→ The Province of Zamboanga del Norte v. City of Zamboanga
131 Phil. 446
→ Macasiano vs. Diokno, 212 SCRA 464, August 10, 1982
 → Villanueva vs. Castañeda, 154 SCRA 142, September 21, 1987
→ Heirs of Mario Malabanan vs. Republic, 587 SCRA 172,
September 3, 2013
→ Sanchez vs. Municipality of Asingan, 7 SCRA 559
→ Municipality of Cavite vs. Rojas, 30 Phil 602
→ Ledesma v. Municipality of Iloilo, 49 Phil. 769
→ United Church Board for World Ministries v. Sebastian,
159 SCRA 446
→ J.G Summit Holdings vs. CA, January 31, 2005

III. Ownership
A. Right in general
1. Bundle of rights
a. Jus utendi, fruendi, abutendi, vindicandi,
disponendi (possidendi)
→ German Management vs. CA, 177 SCRA 495,
September 14, 1988
→ UCPB vs. Basco, 437 SCRA 325, August 31,
2004
→ BPI vs. Icot, October 12, 2009
→ Aneco vs. Landex, July 28, 2008
→ Spouses Custodio vs. CA, February 9, 1996
→ Lunod vs. Meneses,11 Phil 128
(1) Actions to recover ownership and possession
of real property
(a) Distinctions between accion
reivindicatoria, accion publiciana,
accion interdictal
(b) Distinction between forcible entry and
unlawful detainer
(2) Actions for recovery of possession of
moveable property
(3) Requisites for recovery of property – proof of
right; identity; reliance on strength of own
evidence not weakness of defendant’s claim
2. Distinction between real and personal rights
B. Modes of acquiring ownership
1. Original, derivative
C. Limitations
1. General limitations – taxation, eminent domain, police
power
2. Specific Limitations – imposed by law, sic utere tuo,
nuisance, state of necessity, easements voluntarily
imposed by owner: servitudes, mortgages imposed by
contract
→ Castro vs. Monsod, 641 SCRA 486, February 2, 2011
→ RP vs. CA, 160 SCRA 228, April 15, 1988
→ Sangalang vs. IAC, October 25, 1989

IV. Accession
A. Right to hidden treasure – Arts. 438-439 – 2014, 2010, 2008,
1997, 1995 Bar
B. General Rules:
1. For immovables:
a. Accession discreta (natural and industrial civil fruits)
and continua (over immovables: artificial/industrial
and natural) - Arts. 441-444
b. Accession industrial (building) – Arts. 445-456
(1) Builder, planter, sower on land of another in
concept of owner – 2016, 2013, 2001, 2000,
1999, 1996, 1992 Bar
(2) Builder, planter, sower in good faith – Arts.
448-456 – 2012 Bar
(3) Builder, planter, sower in bad faith – Arts. 449-
450
→ Briones vs. Macabagdal, 626 SCRA 300
→ Javier v. Javier, 7 Phil. 261; Macasaet vs. Macasaet,
439 SCRA 625
→ Grana and Torralba vs. CA, 109 Phil. 260
→ Ignacio vs. Hilario, 76 Phil 605
→ Tayag vs. Yuseco, 97 Phil 712
→ Spouses Del Campo v. Abesia, 160 SCRA 379
→ Pecson vs. CA, 244 SCRA 407
→ Sulo sa Nayon (Phil. Village Hotel) vs. Nayong
Filipino Foundation, 576 SCRA 655
→ Carrascoso vs. CA, 477 SCRA 666
→ Arangote vs. Maglunob, 579 SCRA 620
→ Durano vs. Uy, 344 SCRA 238
→ Mindanao Academy, Inc. vs. Yap, 13 SCRA 190
→ Torbela vs. Rosario, December 7, 2011
→ Feliciano vs. Zaldivar, 503 SCRA 182
→ Communities Cagayan vs. Nanol,
November 14, 2012
→ Padilla vs. Malicsi, September 21, 2016
→ Spouses Aquino vs. Aguilar, June 29, 2015
c. Accession natural (accretion, avulsion, rivers,
islands)
(1) Alluvion – Art. 457 – 2017, 2016, 2014, 2009,
2008, 2003, 2001 Bar
→ Ferrer vs. Bautista, 231 SCRA 257
→ Meneses vs. CA, 246 SCRA 162
→ RP vs. Santos, November 12, 2012
→ RP vs. CA, October 12, 1984
→ Office of the City Mayor of Parañaque
vs. Ebio, June 23, 2010
→ Reynante vs. CA, 207 SCRA 794
→ Cureg vs. IAC, 177 SCRA 313
→ Jagualing vs. CA, 194 SCRA 607
→ Govt vs. Colegio de San Jose,
53 Phil 423
 (2) Change of course of river – Arts. 461-462, see
Water Code PD 1067
→ Celestial vs. Cachopero, 413 SCRA 469
→ Baes vs. CA, 224 SCRA 562
(3) Avulsion- Arts. 459-463 – 2001 Bar
→ Agustin vs. IAC, 187 SCRA 218
(4) Islands – Arts. 464-465
→ Jagualing vs. CA, 194 SCRA 607
2. For movables: - Art. 466-475
a. Accession continua (conjuction, adjunction,
commixtion/ confusion, specification)
b. Rules for determining the principal and accessory
→ Montelibano vs. Bacolod-Murcia Milling, 95 Phil 407
→ Santos vs. Bernabe, 54 Phil 19
→ Aguirre vs. Pheng, Sept. 3, 1966

V. Quieting of title to/interest in and removal/prevention of cloud over

title to/interest in real property - Arts. 476-480 – 2017, 1998 Bar
A. Requirement
B. Distinction between quieting title and removing/preventing a
cloud
C. Prescription/non-prescription of action
→ Bank of Commerce vs. San Pablo, 522 SCRA 713
→ Top Management Programs vs. Fajardo, June 15, 2011
→ Titong vs. CA, 287 SCRA 102
→ De Aviles vs. CA, 264 SCRA 473
→ Chacon Enterprises vs. CA, 124 SCRA 784

VI. Co-ownership
A. Characteristics of co-ownership
1. In general
→ Guia vs. CA, 413 SCRA 114
2. Special rules:
a. Concept of condominium
(1) Condominium corporation
(2) Interest in real property
(3) Concept of common areas, amendment
(4) Documents to consider (master deed,
declaration of restrictions, articles and by-laws of
the condominium corporation or the association
where applicable
b. Rights and obligations of condominium owner
(1) Contributions/Dues
(2) PD 957 and RA 6552
c. Grounds for partition of common areas, or
dissolution of the condominium
B. Source of co-ownership
C. Rights of co-owners – 2009, 1992 Bar
1. Distinction between right to property owned in common
and full ownership over his/her ideal share
2. Right to oppose acts of alteration
 3. Right to partition
4. Right to contributions for expenses (necessary expenses,
taxes)
5. Waiver
6. Right to redemption of co-owners share
→ Aguilar vs. CA, 227 SCRA 472
→ Cruz vs. Catapang, Feb. 12, 2008
→ Plasabas vs. CA, 582 SCRA 686
→ Marmo vs. Anacay, Nov. 27, 2009
→ Baloloy v. Hular, 438 SCRA 80
→ Guia vs. CA, 413 SCRA 114
→ Arcelona vs. CA, 280 SCRA 20
→ Taghoy vs. Tigol, 626 SCRA 341
→ Cruz vs. Leis, 327 SCRA 570
→ Sanchez vs. CA, 404 SCRA 540
→ Heirs of Protacio, Sr. vs. Go, Sept. 7, 2011
→ Heirs of Marasigan vs. Marasigan, 548 SCRA 409
→ Tabasondra vs. Spouses Constantino, December 7, 2016
→ Magsano vs. Pangasinan Savings and Loan Bank,
October 17, 2016
→ Domingo vs. Spouses Molina, April 20, 2016
D. Termination/extinguishment – 2015 Bar
1. Effect of partition
2. Rights against individual co-owners in case of partition
3. Partition in case co-owners cannot agree

VII. Possession
A. Characteristics
→ RP vs. Metro Index Realty, July 2, 2012
→ Soriano vs. CA, August 15, 2001
→ Buenaventura v. Republic, 517 SCRA 271
→ Garcia vs. CA, 312 SCRA 180
→ Arangote vs. Maglunob, 579 SCRA 620
→ Daclag vs. Macahilig, 560 SCRA 137
→ Liu vs. Loy, 405 SCRA 316
→ Tecnogas vs. CA, 268 SCRA 7
B. Acquisition of Possession – Art. 531 –2017,2009, 1997 Bar
→ CIR vs. Solidbank, 416 SCRA 436
→ Villafuerte vs. CA, 489 SCRA 58
→ Olegario vs. Mari, Dec. 14, 2009
→ De Vera-Cruz v. Miguel, 468 SCRA 506
→ Macasaet vs. Macasaet, Sept. 30, 2004
→ Apostol vs. CA, 432 SCRA 351
C. Effects of Possession
1. Possessor in Good Faith – Arts. 544, 526-527 – 2009, 2008,
2002 Bar
a. Right to pending fruits – Art. 545
b. Right to be reimbursed
(1) Necessary and useful expenses – Arts. 546-547
(2) Expenses for pure luxury – Art. 548
→ RP vs. Ballocanag, 572 SCRA 436
 2. Possessor in Bad Faith – Arts. 449, 549, 552 – 2012 Bar
D. Loss or Unlawful Deprivation of a Movable – Arts. 559, 1505 (3) –
2017 Bar
→ Domalsin vs. Valenciano, 480 SCRA 115
→ Dizon vs. Suntay, 47 SCRA 161
→ Pica vs. CFI of Rizal, October 27, 1973
→ Ledesma vs. CA, 211 SCRA 753
→ BPI vs. Franco, 538 SCRA 184
1. Period to Recover – Arts. 1140, 1134, 1132, 1133
2. Finder of Lost Movable – Arts. 719-720
3. Distinguished from voidable title – Art. 1506
E. In concept of owner, holder, in one’s own name, in name of
another
F. Rights of the possessor
G. Loss/termination

VIII. Usufruct – Art. 562-612

A. Characteristics – 2017, 1996, 1995 Bar
B. Classification
C. Rights and obligations of usufructuary
D. Rights of the owner
E. Extinction/termination
→ Bachrach vs. Seifert and Elianoff, 87 Phil 483
→ Reyes vs. Grey, 21 Phil 73
→ Moralidad vs. Pernes, August 3, 2006
→ NHA vs. CA, April 13, 2005
→ Moralidad vs. Pernes, August 3, 2006

IX. Easements – Arts. 613-693 – 2017, 2009 Bar

→ Fajardo vs. Freedom to Build, 337 SCRA 115
→ Liwag vs. Happy Glen Loop Homeowners Association, July 4,
2012
→ Limense vs. de Ramos, 604 SCRA 599
→ Bicol Agro-Industrial Producers Coop. vs. Obias, 603 SCRA 173
→ Abellana vs. CA, April 24, 1992
→ Lunod vs. Meneses,11 Phil 128
→ Andres vs. Sta. Lucia Realty, August 24, 2015
→ Quimen vs. CA, 257 SCRA 163
→ Encarnacion vs. CA, 195 SCRA 74
→ Unisource Commercial and Devt. Corp. vs. Chung, July 17,
2009
→ Lao vs. Alburo, 33 Phil 48
→ Pilar Development vs. Dumadag, March 11, 2013
→ Alolino vs. Flores, April 4, 2016
→ De Guzman vs. Filinvest Development Corp., January 14, 2015
A. Characteristics – 1995 Bar
B. Classification – 2001, 1998 Bar
1. Legal easements
a. Right of way – 2017, 2013, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996,
1993 Bar
 2. Voluntary easements – Art. 688
a. Effect of Zoning ordinance
C. Modes of Acquiring Easements
1. Compulsory easements – Arts. 620-624 – 2014 Bar
2. Easement of light and view – Arts. 669-673 – 2014 Bar

X. Nuisance – Art. 694 – 2017, 2006, 2005 Bar

→ Castro vs. Monsod, 641 SCRA 486
→ Perez vs. Madrona, March 21, 2012
→ Hidalgo Enterprises vs. Balandan, 91 Phil 488
→ AC Enterprises, Inc. vs. Frabelle Properties Corp., 506 SCRA 625
→ Telmo vs. Bustamante, 592 SCRA 552
→ City of Manila vs. Laguio, 455 SCRA 308
→ Lucena Grand Central Terminal vs. JAC Liner, 452 SCRA 174
→ Gancayco vs. City Govt of QC, October 11, 2011
→ Alolino vs. Flores, April 4, 2016
→ Cruz vs. Pandacan Hiker’s Club, January 11, 2016
→ Aquino vs. Municipality of Malay, Aklan, September 29, 2014
→ Rana vs. Wong, June 30, 2014
→ Smart Communications vs. Aldecoa, September 11, 2013

XI. Modes of Acquiring Ownership – Art. 712

A. Occupation – Art. 713-720 - 2007 Bar
B. Donation – Art. 725-773
→ C-J Yulo and Sons vs. Roman Catholic Bishop of San Pablo,
March 31, 2005
→ Lagazo vs. CA, March 5, 1998
→ Marquez vs. CA, December 29, 1998
Heirs of Maramag vs. Maramag, June 5, 2009
→ Florencio vs. de Leon, March 12, 2004
→ Santos vs. Alana, August 16, 2005
→ Central Phil University vs. CA, 246 SCRA 511
→ Eduarte vs. CA, February 9, 1996
→ Reyes vs. Asuncion, November 11, 2015
1. Definition – Arts. 725-726
2. Characteristics
a. Extent to which donor may donate property
b. Reservations and reversions
3. Kinds
a. Donation Inter Vivos – Art. 729
b. Donation By Reason of Marriage – Family Code
Arts. 82-83, 86
c. Donation Mortis Causa – Art. 728 – 2013 Bar
d. Onerous Donation – Art. 733 – 2007 Bar
e. Simple, modal, conditional – 2007 Bar
4. Formalities required
a. How made and accepted
b. Perfection – 2012 Bar
c. Differences between formalities for donation of
real, personal properties
 (1) Movables – Art. 748 – 2012, 2007, 1998 Bar
(2) Immovables – Art. 749 – 2014, 2010, 2006,
1993 Bar
5. Qualifications of donor, donee
6. Effects of donation/limitations
a. In general
b. Double donations
c. Excessive/inofficious – 2012 Bar
d. Scope of amount – Arts. 750-752 – 2003 Bar
e. In fraud of creditors – Art. 759
7. Void Donations – Arts. 739-740, 1027
8. Revocation or reduction
a. Grounds for revocation, grounds for reduction –
2015, 2003 Bar
b. How done
c. Effects
d. Prescription
e. Inofficious Donations – Arts. 760-761, 771-775
f. Ingratitude – Arts. 765, 769

Last Updated: June 28, 2018 (wala pa 2017 Cases)