Classes of Food

- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fibre
- Water

Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are organic compound made up of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Carbohydrates gives us the most energy.
3. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1.
4. Carbohydrates includes sugar, starch, simple sugar and cellulose.
5. Examples of food rich in carbohydrates are rice, bread, potatoes, flour and sugar.

Example of Carbohydrates

Building blocks of Carbohydrates

Building blocks of Starch

Building blocks of Cellulose

Building blocks of Glycogen

monosaccharides disaccharides polysacchrides

- glucose - maltose (glucose +glucose) - starch
- fructose - sucrose ( glucose + fructose) - cellulose
- galactose - lactose ( glucose + galactose) - glycogen

Proteins
1. Proteins are organic compound containing carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
2. Sulphur and phosphorus are sometimes present.
3. A molecule of protein is made up of large number of subunits called amino acids.
4. Proteins are needed for growth and the repair of body tissues.
5. They are also needed for formation of enzymes, hormones, haemoglobin and antibodies.
6. Examples of proteins are milk, fish, eggs, chicken and bean curd.

Proteins are made by connecting amino acids together. Here the acid end of glycine will connect
to the amino part of alanine. A water is released in the process.
Fats
1. Fats are compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Fats is stored under the skin or around the body.
3. Fats helps us keep warm and protects organs from damage.
4. Fats helps us tranports vitamins A, D, E and K.
5. Fats consists of *8smaller unit of fatty acids combined with glycerol.

Vitamins
1. Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts by our body for health and
growth.
2. Vitamins are divided into two groups which are water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble
vitamins.
3. Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins B and C, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins
A, D, E and K.

Vitamin Source Function Deficiency Disease

Milk, butter, egg yolk, carrot, - night vision, - night blindness
A
tomato, green vegetables - healthy skin - skin defections
- Releases energy from
carbohydrates
- Healthy nervous system - beriberi
B Yeast, eggs, liver
- Healthy skin - anaemis
- Formation of red blood
cells
- healing of wounds
C Fresh fruits and vegetables - scurvy (bleeding gums)
- resistance to disease
- rickets (soft bones and
D Butter, fish oils, eggs - strong bones and teeth
dental decay)
- May be needed for
reproduction
E Cereals, green vegetables - sterility
- Helps to fight against
diseases
Milk, butter, egg yolk, carrot,
K - clotting of blood - prolonged bleeding
tomato, green vegetables

Minerals
1. Minerals are organic substances needed in our body in small amounts for healthy growth
and development.

Mineral Source Function Deficiency Disease

- rickets
- strong bones and teeth
Cheese, milk. Eggs. - osteoporosis
Calcium - blood clotting
green vegetables - prolonged bleeding
- muscle and nerve activities
- muscular cramps
Tables salt, cheese, - maintains body fluids
Sodium - muscular cramps
meat - proper functioning of nerves
Meat, eggs, green - needed to form hemoglobin
Iron - anemia
vegetables in red blood cells
- needed to make hormones - goitre (swelling of the
Iodine Seafood, iodised salt
of the thyroid glands thyroid gland in the neck)
- strong bones and teeth
Eggs, meat, milk, - rickets
Phosphorus - muscle contraction
cheese, vegetables - weakness
- stores energy
Potassium Meat. Nuts, bananas - maintains body fluids - weak muscle
- proper functioning of nerves - paralysis
 - regulation of heartbeat

Fibre
1. Fibre is also known as roughage.
2. Fibre is made up of cellulose from plant cell walls.
3. Fibre CANNOT be digested in our body.
4. Fibre holds a lot of water so that our faeces remains soft and can pass from our body easily.
5. Fibre can prevents constipation.

Water
1. Water makes up 70% of our body.
2. Water is the main components of our blood and body fluids.
3. Water can dissolve a lot of other chemicals in our body and allows chemical to react.
4. Waste substances such as urea and salts are passed from our body in water*8.
5. Water helps us to regulate our body temperature.
6. Water lost through urine and sweat MUST be replaced.