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Prepared by:
Paul T. Chaput
AST, Operational Evaluation and Test Branch
Chr^topher C. KraPC,
Assistant Director for Flight Operations
HOUSTON, TEXAS
Section Page
SUMMARY 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Boilerplate 201 2
NASA Water Tank Facility 3
NASA Motor Vessel "Retriever" 3
CONCLUSIONS 6
APPENDIX VI - ILLUSTRATIONS ^7
CREW EGRESS PROCEDURES DEVELOPED DURING THE QUALIFICATION TEST
PROGRAM FOR THE GEMINI SPACECRAFT AT-SEA OPERATIONS
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Tests I, II,. and III have been completed and a number of subjects
qualified for Static Article No. 5 tests.
For Test IV, Static Article No. 5 will include the latest seat
configuration. All details (including stowage of helmets and other
loose equipment, donning of neck dams, acquisition of survival kits,
actuation of life vests and rafts, and possibly closing of the hatch) .
will be tested until a qualified, standardized, detailed egress sequence
is developed.
Boilerplate 201 has the basic exterior and pressure cabin dimen-
sions of the Gemini spacecraft. Its equipment bays are equivalent
to a Gemini spacecraft in dimensions but contain dummy equipment which
approximate equipment displacement of Gemini spacecraft no. 3. The crew
station is mocked up and includes instrument panels, center pedestal,
attitude and maneuver controls, switches, knobs, and other protrusions
which could hinder egress, and seats (including dummy backpacks and
egress kits). Scuba breathing equipment is- located in the ECS equipment
bay with masks and regulators located by each seat.
The .boilerplate 201 hatches are similar in form and opening mechanism
to flight articles but are less in weight and differ in the opening and
closing force characteristics from those of a flight article.
Test I . .
The surface egress test series was divided into two phases based on
spacecraft flotation attitudes. The first phase was with the boilerplate
in Flotation Attitude 1 (.18° roll right) and the second in Flotation
Attitude, 2 (0° roll). In both test phases the test subjects first
egressed wearing coveralls and then wearing Gemini pressure type suits.
Once the boilerplate was filled with water, opening of the closed
hatch was not more difficult in any of the underwater test attitudes
than opening of the hatch with the boilerplate in a normal attitude on
the surface.
The test subjects encountered no difficulty in getting clear of
the boilerplate in any of the underwater test attitudes when the fol-
lowing procedures were followed:
1. Keep legs close together and use legs only to push away from
the seat.
2. Keep torso and extremities away from protrusions.
Test II
. Surface egress, Gulf of Mexico.- (See Test Plan). The test was
first performed in nearly calm sea conditions and later repeated in
rough sea conditions. Boilerplate 201 was in Static Flotation Atti-
tude I (18° roll right) for each test.
Calm water: The primary boilerplate handling procedures listed
in the test plan proved feasible and were closely followed except that
test subjects were able to reenter the boilerplate from the raft.
The one-hatch method of egress was performed by each set of
subjects. Simultaneous egress forward through both hatches was per-
formed with no shipping of water by the boilerplate.
when the second subject was approximately over or to the right of the
boilerplate's center of gravity. On previous tests, the first subject
had delayed entering the water until the second subject was about to or
had entered the water.
Test III
CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX I
static waterl«ne
*r z. axis
Static w/aterline,
X axis
rn
Weight 3913
C.G. XO.OO
-Y1.82
Above data is for the egress tests in the Gulf of Mexico. Data for
other tests differ slightly because of changes in boilerplate equipment
and hardware for different tests.
Changes in pitch and roll attitudes were achieved by adjusting
styrafoam displacement in the equipment bays and RCS section.
Test No. I
Object: Test Wo. I of the egress program will define the problems
1. Tank Facility
Participating Organizations:•
Test Program:
boilerplate.
tion attitude, pilot face down, pilot back down, pilot head
investigated.
conditions.
tions.
Major Equipment and Support Forces
1. NASA M/V Retriever
2. Boilerplate No. 20
3. Inflatable life rafts
5. Motorboat
6. SCUBA personnel
Participating Organizations:
FCOD,.Astronaut Activities Office, GPO
NASA-M/V Retriever.
the test subjects. The test subjects will then report any
.proficient.
out having opened the hatches. This phase will evaluate the
adequacy of procedures and communications between test sub-
jects and motor vessel during possible future operations.
1. Tank Facility
5. SCUBA personnel
Participating Organizations:
Test Program:
sidered.
Object:
To complete the development of egress techniques by egress-
i_|c«m«»mc»Ti'»n5
IJ
TesT Na I, Parr B
FOD (OETB)
OCT
APPENDLX I11
Objecti ves :
Test Procedure:
1. 0 rol1 , 0 pitch
o o
2. 18 right r o l 1 , 0 pitch
Personnel
Special Precautions:
Objectives:
Test Conditions;
A. Place B/P 201 in the water tank. Open the left hatch.
D. With the crane as the primary lifting force and the boiler-
plate nose ring or recovery ring as the crane attachment
point, slowly raise the boilerplate from the water - allow-
ing the boilerplate to drain as it is lifted clear of the
water. Use crane dynamometers to measure forces on the
crane and monorail cables to insure that force limits are
not exceeded.
1. Detailed briefing.
2. Check-out on the use of the boilerplate scuba breath-
ing equipment by scuba qualified instructors.
2. Place B/P 201 in the water tank and attach the crane
and monorail cables to the appropriate rings for the
underwater attitude desired.
Scuba Instructors:
Joe Garino
Charlie Rogers
Photographic Personnel;
1 still photographer
1 movie photographer
1 underwater movie photographer
1 video director
Special Precautions:
k. Test subjects will wear properly fitted goggles for clear vision
underwater.
5. Soda bottles and other objects not necessary for the tests
will not be allowed on the tank walkway.
6. The area surrounding the tank below the walkway from the tank
wall out to about 6 feet will be kept clear of personnel or
damageable equipment.
ATTITUDE 1 HATCHES UP
Crane.
Crane
36 TEST PLAN
Append/* r
Crane
AAonorai
C«-ane
38
TEST PLAN
TL
HAND SIGNALS
APPENDIX V
Test Plan - Gulf of Mexico, Surface Egress
GEMINI CREW EGRESS TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
AND TEST SUBJECTS TRAINING
PART 5 Operations
5A Test Location
This test will be conducted approximately five miles south of
Galveston, Texas in the Gulf of Mexico.
6.2 Swimmers
6.4 Communications
Illustrations
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S-64-17995