Business Continuity

SRDF
Symmetrix Remote Data Facility
 Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
• Explain the concept of Business Continuity
• List the benefits of Business Continuity
regarding expenses incurred as a result of
downtime
• Explain how EMC uses Local and Remote
mirroring in its storage methodologies to
maintain data protection
 What is Business Continuity?
• Business Continuity is the preparation for,
response to, and recovery from an application
outage that adversely affects business
operations
• Business Continuity Solutions addresses
systems unavailability, degraded application
performance, or unacceptable recovery
strategies
Why Business Continuity?
Business Continuity – Obstacles of
Availability
• Disaster (<1% of Occurrences)
• Natural or man made
– Flood, fire, earthquake
– Contaminated building

• Unplanned Occurrences (13% of

Occurrences)
• Failure
– Database corruption
– Component failure
– Human error

• Planned Occurrences (87% of

Occurrences)
• Competing workloads
– Backup, reporting
– Data warehouse extracts
– Application and data restore
 Cost of Downtime Per Hour By
Industry
Investments

Manufacturing

Telecom

Banking

Transportation

Retail

Insurance

$0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000

Source: AMR Research

 Business Continuity Starts with Data
Protection
• Local Mirroring is a method for protecting
data by maintaining the data on two mirrored
volumes within the same storage unit
• Remote Mirroring is a method for protecting
data by maintaining the data on two mirrored
volumes, with the volumes residing in
different storage units

Without the Data there is no Recovery!

Data Protection with Disk Mirroring
Standard Disk

Mirrored Disk
1991

Remote Mirror
1994
 Multiple Mirrors - Multiple Uses
1995 High Availability Disaster
Dual Remote Restart
Mirrors
Symmetrix A Symmetrix B

Application Backups
1997 Application Development
Dynamic Disk Data Warehouse Extract
Recovery Testing
Mirrors BCV

2001 Data Base Integrity

Enterprise Reporting
Quality Assurance
Consistency BCV BCV Data Warehouse Load
Technology
Symmetrix A Symmetrix B

Backups and Decision Support at Multiple Sites with

Full Protection of Volumes and Data Centers
 EMC Business Continuity Solution
Choices
Product Type Symmetrix CLARiiON
Local Replication TimeFinder/Mirror SnapView/Clone
TimeFinder/Clone Clone
TimeFinder/Snap SnapView
Remote Replication SRDF MirrorView
SRDF/A MirrorView/A
SAN Copy
Replication Automation SRDF/AR
SDMM
ERM ERM
Tape Replacement CopyCross
Cluster GeoSpan
I/O Path Failover PowerPath PowerPath
 SRDF Foundations
After completing this course, you will be able to:
• Identify the functional concepts of SRDF
• List the benefits of SRDF
• Note the differences of the various EMC
Symmetrix Remote Replication Solutions
 The SRDF Product Family
Add-On
• Offers solutions for many different Functions
disaster recovery and business SRDF/S SRDF/CG
Consistency
continuance scenarios Synchronous for Groups
Zero Data Loss
• Consists of three base solutions

SRDF Family
SRDF/AR
– SRDF/Synchronous Automated
SRDF/A Replication
– SRDF/Asynchronous
Asynchronous for
– SRDF/Data Mobility Extended Distances SRDF/CE
Cluster
• Consists of four add-on solutions Enabler

– SRDF/Consistency Groups SRDF/DM SRDF/AAM

Economical Data Automated
– SRDF/Automated Replication Mobility
Availability
Manager
– SRDF/Cluster Enabler
Remote Replication
– SRDF/Automated Availability
Manager
 Symmetrix Remote Data Facility
Data mirroring between physically separate Symmetrix systems

Metro East
l Foundation for Symmetrix based
ECC/OE

disaster restart solutions

l Synchronous Mode
l Host operating systems, DBMS, l Semi-sync Mode
file-system independent
l Adaptive Copy Mode
l Bi-directional source-to-target(s) SRDF

architecture
l Architecture uses delta technology
(Track Tables)
– only changed data copied Production A
Mirror A
SRDF
Production B
Mirror B
 SRDF Source and Target Volumes
l Symmetrix Logical Volume types:
– SRDF Source or R1 Volumes - Primary Volume with
Read/Write (R/W) access to local host
– SRDF Target or R2 Volumes - Secondary Volume typically
Write Disabled (WD) to secondary host
l The attached host is unaware of SRDF protection

RW WD
Source Target
M1 M2 M3 M4
M1 M2 M3 M4

• Locally Protected SRDF Source Volume: l Locally Protected SRDF Target Volume:
– Remote mirror “floats” and uses next available – Remote mirror “floats” and uses next available
mirror position mirror position
– Allows for dynamic creation of SRDF volumes – Allows for dynamic creation of SRDF volumes
 SRDF Connectivity
• SRDF over ESCON
– Direct Fiber, Multimode ~ 3 Km/cable segment
– Fiber Repeaters/Converters (McData 9191) ~ 30 Km/cable segment, maximum of
three repeaters
– Other Fiber Repeaters/Converters ~ 20 Km/cable segment, maximum of three
repeaters
– DWDM, WDM (MAN) ~ 200 Km
– LAN/WAN - T1/E1, T3/E3, ATM, IP ~ Unlimited
• SRDF over Fibre Channel
– Direct Fiber, Multimode ~ 500 m/cable segment
– Direct Fiber, Singlemode ~ 10 Km/cable segment
– FC-Switch to FC-Switch ~ 60 Km, single-mode throughout entire SRDF path
– DWDM (MAN) ~ 200 Km
– LAN/WAN – IP ~ Unlimited
• SRDF over GigE
– Native SRDF IP support
– 850 nm multimode ports
– 256 KB buffers for extended distance
 Local campus Implementations
• This solution enables units to be up to 66 km apart
– ESCON Direct Attach
• Distance of up to 3 km
• Throughput up to 14 MB/s
– Direct Fibre Channel Attach (Point-to-Point)
• Distance of up to 10 km
• Throughput up to 55 MB/s
– Switched Fibre Channel Attach
• Distance of up to 10 km
– GigE
• Enables direct Symmetrix-to-IP network attachment
• Allows Symmetrix to access existing Ethernet infrastructure

Symmetrix Symmetrix
ISL

Fibre Channel Fibre Channel

Connectrix Connectrix
 Metropolitan Area Network
Implementations
• The MAN solution enables units to be up to 100 km apart
• Three Optical Link Configurations between 60 km and 100 km
– ESCON with Repeaters
– ESCON via DWDM
– Switched Fibre Channel via DWDM

Connectrix Connectrix

DWDM
Symmetrix Dark Fiber Symmetrix

Fiber Fiber
Fiber Fiber
Nortel Nortel
Optera Optera
Metro 5200 Metro 5200
 Extended Distance Implementations
• Extended Distances range from 100 km up to trans-oceanic or trans-
continental length
• Communication options include:
– T1/T3, E1/E3
– Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET)
– ATM-OC3
– IP

IP Network

Router
Symmetrix Router Symmetrix

100 Mb
Ethernet 100 Mb
Ethernet

SRDF SRDF
w/ FarPoint w/ FarPoint
 Remote Link Director (RLD)

Remote Remote
Link Link
Director Director
Source Target
Remote Remote
Link Link
Director Director

• Remote Link Directors (RLDs) use a modified ESCON protocol to manage data transfer
to the remote Symmetrix
• Designated as either “RA1” or “RA2”
– Configured in pairs to eliminate single points of failure
• Communications path is either fiber optics or T1/T3 depending on distance between
sites
• Remote Link Directors may be assigned to an RA group
• SRDF Volumes are assigned to a RLD or RLD group when configured
 Remote Fibre Director (RFD)
RFD • Uses the Fibre Channel protocol to facilitate data
transfer between two Symmetrix systems
Source
• Fibre adapter cards designated only as “RAF”
RFD rather than “RA1” or “RA2” within ESCON
– Fibre Channel communication is peer-to-peer
rather than ESCON “master” and “slave”
– Terms “Source Volume(s)” and “Target
Volume(s)” remain however
• Ability to use one of the two RAF processors for
Fibre Channel host connection
• Two types of RAF cards are available
– Both ports support multi-mode fiber optic
RFD transmission (500 m max. with 50 micron
cable)
Target – One port supports multi-mode, one port
supports single-mode fiber optic transmission
RFD
 SRDF Configuration
Symmetrix A RA1 RA2 Symmetrix B
Uni-Directional
Source RA1 RA2 Target

Symmetrix A RA1 RA2 Symmetrix B

Bi-Directional
Source Target RA1 RA2 Source Target

Symmetrix A RA1 RA2 Symmetrix B

Dual Configuration
Source Source RA1 RA2 Target Target

RA2 RA1
Target Target Source Source
RA2 RA1
 SRDF Flexible Configuration Options
Symmetrix A RFD
RFD Symmetrix C
Multiple Source Source Source RFD
Symmetrix to a RFD Target Target

Single Target
Symmetrix Symmetrix B RFD
RFD Target Target
RFD
Source Source RFD

RFD Symmetrix B
Symmetrix A RFD
Single Source RFD Target Target
Symmetrix to Source Source RFD
Multiple Target
Symmetrix RFD
Source Source RFD Symmetrix C
RFD
RFD Target Target
 Switched SRDF
R2
Symmetrix 2
RF Target for Symmetrix 1

Symmetrix 3
R1
RF RF R2 Target for Symmetrix 4
R1

Symmetrix 1
Connectrix(s)
Source to Symmetrix 2
Symmetrix 4
Source to Symmetrix 4 R1
Source to Symmetrix 3
RF
R2 Target for Symmetrix 1
l RF Directors no longer Source or Target
l Primary/Secondary R1/R2 relationship determines
mirroring direction
 Concurrent SRDF
• One R1 can be paired with two R2 devices, concurrently

M1 M2 M3 M4

Source Target “A”

M1 M2 M3 M4
Target “B”

M1 M2 M3 M4
 Dynamic SRDF
• Enables user to dynamically define
relationships between R1 and R2
volumes Symmetrix A

• Provides flexibility for user to tailor

SRDF configuration to their changing R2
application requirements RF

Symmetrix B

R1
RF R2
RF
R1 1 2
1 2 R2
1

Symmetrix C

3
R1
1. Grey R1 established with R2 in Symmetrix B RF 3
2. Grey R1 relationship with R2 in Symmetrix B broken R2
3. Grey R1 established with R2 in Symmetrix C
 SRDF - Modes of Operation

• Two Primary SRDF Operational Modes

– Synchronous
– Semi-synchronous Performance Vs Availability
• Two Secondary SRDF Operational Modes
– Adaptive Copy
• Write Pending
• Disk Mode
– Domino Mode
• Operational Modes are set on Symmetrix Logical
Volume level Using GUI or CLI and can be changed
dynamically
• Performance, level of synchronization and IO
serialization requirements determine appropriate
mode
 SRDF Modes of Operation
Synchronous Mode

SRDF links

Source Target

I/O write received from host/server into cache of source

I/O is transmitted to the cache of the target

Receipt acknowledgment is provided by target back to cache of

source
Ending status is presented to host/server
 SRDF Modes of Operation
Semi-Synchronous Mode

SRDF links

Source Target

I/O write received from host/server into cache of source

Ending status is presented to host/server

I/O is transmitted to cache of target

Receipt acknowledgment provided by target back to

cache of source
 SRDF
Adaptive Copy Mode
Modes of Operation

SRDF links

Source Target
(and)
I/O write received from host/server into cache of source
Ending status is presented to host/server
I/O is placed in SRDF queue
I/O is destaged to source (R1) volume, and an issue request is sent to
Remote Link Adapter
I/O is transmitted to cache of the target
Receipt acknowledgment is provided by target back to cache of source
 SRDF Level of Synchronization
• Synchronous Mode
– Source = Target
• Semi Synchronous Mode
– Source ≅ Target
– At most Source is 1 IO ahead of Target, per volume
• Adaptive Copy
– Source ≠ Target
– Source may be up to 65535 tracks per volume ahead
of Target
– Skew value set per logical volume