SkyTel: (1) We present this for the purpose highlighted on page 56: easy, quick, conversion (even in the

field) of common land

mobile VHF radios to use on MBC links. The company noted below does not appear to be currently in operation. In any case, this
is even easier today: (2) Following this paper, we present pages from a current Harris brochure on SDR, including in VHF low
band, and the volumes of radios in VHF low band. This inicates the potential to use SDR VHF lowSESB
'F8P band radios
YMIM on both MBC
channels and terrestrial land mobile channels. (3) We then present material on the Full Spectrum radio that could be used like
the Harris radio, but with additional functionalitiy and packaging.
Topic: SDR radios in VHF low band for Meteor Burst Communications:
both land mobile and Meteor Burst
Communications. The combination will An Ignored Phenomenon? CU) (b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

allow packet-data
(b) (1)
coverage anywhere via
MBC, & (bland(3)-P.L.
mobile where a repeater can
86-36
be reached or in direct-talk mode.

Editor'8 Note: 1bilI paper was a second place winner in the 1990 William Hunt Collection Tecbnica) Literature
Award.

(C)(PB~I

I. INTRoDUCTION

(U) The idea of bouncing radio signals off meteor trails and back to earth to the
intended receiveris not new. Since the early 1940s various communicators have wrestled
with the possibility. From these early studies, workable systems have evolved until today
it is not uncommon for amateur radio operators (hams) to use this method of
communicating. How is it possible to use a meteor the size of a grain of sand to reflect a
radio signal to its intended receiver? Let us begin with the meteor.

II. THE METEOR

(U) The meteors we will concem ourselves with orbit around the sun in a path that
coincides with the earth's. These meteors occur at a rate of two to eight billion daily or
roughly 50,000 per second. As these meteors catch up with the earth-or are overtaken by
it, they enter the atmosphere at a speed of 10 to 75 kilometers per second. The friction
caused by the meteor colliding with the atmosphere results in the vaporization of the
. meteor. The vaporized trails are further restricted by the atmosphere, stripping electrons

This research report represents the views of the author and does ~t neces88rily reflect the oBicial views of the
Sigoals Collection Career Panel (SCCP) or the NSAJCSS. This document is the property orthe United State8
Government and is DOtto be reproduced in whole orin part without permisaionofthe Chairman, seep.

47 Tep SECRET I:JMBRA

for" F.'elea~3e ti~l

nn,r,·,·u·c,,.-,

'1-28-2008 FOI,A, Case

1'6' SECRET tlMBRJfc CRYPrOLOGIC QUARTERLY

from the vaporized atoms, causing a trail of positive-charged ions and free electrons to
form behind the meteor. This phenomenon occurs at about 115 kilometers altitude and by
85 kilometers has completely burned out. The ionized trails last anywhere from a few
seconds to only a few hundredths of a second, and it is these upon which Meteor Burst
Communications (MBC)depend.
(U) There are two ways a meteor. trail redirects the radio wave, depending upon the
density of the trail. The rust, called an overdense trail, occurs during a meteor shower and
has a free electron density great enough to prevent the radio wave from penetrating. The
wave reflects back to earth much like a beam of light reflects from a mirror. Overdense
trails have a long life, sometimes lasting up to two seconds. These meteor showers,
however, play only a small part in MBC operations because they seldom occur and are only
a small fraction of the total number of meteors that fall upon the earth each day.
(U) The second category of meteor trail, the one best suited for Meteor Burst
Communications, is the underdense trail. This trail, caused by the steady drizzle of
meteors that fall upon the earth each day, is less dense and allows the radio wave to
penetrate. This penetration causes excitement among the electrons, which act as small
dipole antennas, redirecting the wave back to earth in a scattering fashion. These trails
last only a fraction of a second, but because of their regularity they are more dependable
than meteor showers.
(U) The total number of usable meteor trails depends on the time of day and month of
year. Daily, the largest number of meteors occurs during the early morning and dissipates
in the evening, around sunset. During the morning the earth is rotating toward the sun,
while most meteors move away Crom the sun. This results in the earth sweeping up and
overtaking meteors. In the evening the earth rotates away from the sun, and only those
meteors that overtake earth create usable trails, 'I'hia process is known as the diurnal
variation,' which results in about four times as many meteor trails in the morning as in
the evening.
(U) Nearly three times as many meteors occur in August as in February. This
seasonal variation occurs because the earth is tilted more toward the sun in August. MBC
appear to be most effective from July through September from the hours of 0400 through
0800. Table 1 illustrates the variations in the total number of meteors available at various
times and dates.
(U) Most meteors are very small, the average meteor being near 1 milligram in
weight. The resulting trail is anywhere from 10 to 20 miles long with a radius oC
approximately one meter at the head of the trail;

1. Ronald D. Elliott. "Meteor Bunt. Communications in Tactical Intelligence Support," SIGNAL, November
1986, p. 84.

lep SECRET 'IMlRA 48

 METEORBURSTCOMMUNlCATIONS TOP SECR!T tJMBItA

Table 1
Dally Meteor Trail AvallabWty

500 r------r---,-----,r-----r-----'-.,...-----.

400 t---.~rl----r~---+----+_---I_--__1

HOURLY 300 1-~--+---+-~4......;1-\----+---+--__,jif,L.I

AVERAGE
METEOR
RATE

o
0001 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 2369
. LOCAL TIME- 24-HOURCLOCK

SEPT 22
DEC 21
MAR 22
JUNE 21

CURvEs ARE HOURI.Y AVERAGERATESFORTHREE·MONTH

PERIODS, CENTEREDON THE DATESINDICATED.

III. PROCEDURE

(U) AU MBC systems consist of a master station and one or more remote stations or
sensors. Hardware at both the master and remote station usually consists of a small lap-
top computer terminal with storage for message bufTering,a transmitter, receiver, and
antenna. Frequency usage can range between 20 and 120 MHz. Most systems operate in
the 40 to 50 MHz range, which allows the use of smaller antennas. Transmissions can be
either simplex, half-ciuplexor full-duplex.

49 fe, SEERE' liMBItA

TOP SECREt tlMIM CRYProLOGICQUARTERLY

(U) The master station is responsible for locating a meteor trail that will permit the
two stations to communicate. To accomplish this, the master station transmits a probe
that lI18y consist of a simple, continuous tone on a fixed frequency with the remote
station's receiver tuned to the same frequency. The probe continues to bounce against
various meteor trails until a suitable path exists between master station and remote. The
angle of incidence a:nd the angle of reflection determine the path. 2 Appendix A illustrates
how a usable trail is determined. When the remote station receives the probe, it replies
with one of its own, and at that time transmission ofdata between the two stations takes
place. When the usable meteor trail bums out, the master station retransmits its probe
until another suitable path is located.
(U) The period of searching between.usable trails is known as the wait time. During
the wait time, the communications are buffered into storage until the next usable meteor
appears. .Wait times vary in proportion to the usable time of the trail. Table 2 shows
various times for usable trails.

Table I
Walt Times Required lor VBrious Burst Durations

BURST DURAnON WAlTTlMEREQUIRED .

.1 SECONDS 17 SECONDS
.2 SECONDS 36 SECONDS
."SECONDS 143 SECONDS
1.6 SECONDS 2DAYS •
• A BURST OF 1.6 SECONDS IS THE RESULT OF AN OVERDENSE METEOR
TRAIL.

(U) If the system contains more than one remote station, the probe transmitted by the
master may consist of more than just a solid tone. The probe may consist of an address
code that will trigger the remote station's response. If, by chance, a remote station should
receive a probe intended for another remote, it will remain idle until it receives the proper
address.

or
2. P. S. CannDn aDd A. P. C. Reecl"Tbe Evolution Meteor Burst Communication Systems: Journtd of tM
1Il8titu1ioIJofElectroraiundRadioEngineer•• Vol. 57. No.3, MaY/dun. 19B? pp.l01-12.

19P SKRET UMIItA 60

 METEOR BURST COMMUNICATIONS TOP S!C:ItEf tJMIRA

(U) The use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
equipment is responsible for preventing the transmission of data when no suitable path
exists. If either the master station or any of the remote stations are receiving garbled
traffic, indicating a usable path is burned out, they transmit an ARQ. resulting in
retransmission of the data. The FEC equipment is responsible for locating the exact
location within a message where the path became unusable. This produces relatively
error-free transmissions.
(U) Data rates for a typical Meteor Burst system range from 75 to 100 words per
minute, if unencrypted, to 15 words per minute encrypted. The error rate hovers around
one error in 50,000 characters. For low-volume users who depend on accurate data, this
system seems ideal.

IV. ADVANTAGES

(c,m!
""""II

51 l'QP §EGRET t:lMIIbIt

(bj (1 j
(bj (:'oj-P.L. 86-36
 (b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

1=0, SECRET YMBM: CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY

(,l'se~1

(U) Another advantage of Meteor Burst Communications is, their independence.

Satellites are normaJIy controlled by a third party interested in a profit and are not
necessarily adaptable to the user's needs. This is not the case with MBC; the system
belongs to and is controlled by the user. Since the user owns the system, it is also less
likely to be compromised.
(U) MBC systems have several advantages over High Frequency (HF) systems. HF
systems usually require multiple frequencies, e.g., day and night frequencies; MBC
systems operate fulltime on one frequency only. MBC equipment is light and durable, and
the manpack is deployable.
(U) Finally, MBC have the ability to survive a nuclear war. Following a nuclear
explosion, the nuclear fallout present in the D-Layer of the atmosphere would thwart HF
communications. It is also likely that satellites and their ground terminals would be high-
priority targets. MBC, on the other hand, would fare much better. Meteors would
continue to bombard the earth's atmosphere, creating trails required by MBC. MBC do not
require large, fixed ground stations; therefore, they would be difficult to target. A nuclear
detonation would, however, require an increase of operating power to penetrate the fallout
present in the atmosphere's D-Layer. 5

V. DlSADVANTAGES

(U) The most obvious disadvantage of using Meteor Burst Communications is the very
low data rate. The keying speed of the burst is actually quite fast, 2.0 to 4.8 kilobits per
second, but because of the wait time involved in finding a usable meteor trail, most
systems average only about 100 words per minute of actual data. If a user needs to
transmit large volumes of data, MBC are probably not the right choice. MBC would,
however, make an excellent back-up system for high volume users.
(U) Meteor Burst Communications are also limited by distance. This form of
communication is effective only up to a range of 1,200 miles. Any user wishing to transmit
farther than 1,200 miles could not use MBC. It is possible, however, to link several MBC
sites together and relay the traffic, which would increase the effective operating distance
indefinitely.

6. Ronald D. Elliott. "Meteor Burst Communications in Tactical Intelligence Support," SIGNAL, November
1986, p. 86.

Tap SECRET l:JMBAA 52

 METEORBURSTCOMMUNICATIONS TOPSeCReT t:JMBItA

(U) A third disadvantage of Meteor Burst Communications is their incompatibility

with certain types of signals, mainly voice. Because of the wait time required between
meteor trails, voice communications would be broken into segments. A user might hear 15
words, then have to wait 30 seconds for another burst.

VI. EARLY SYSTEMS

(U) The first usable Meteor'Burst Communications system was the JANET, a Canadian
system developed in 1954. This system was crude by today's standards, but it stimulated
interest in Meteor Burst. It was a simple system in that neither station used ARQ
equipment. Communications began when both stations received a 650 Hz tone and
concluded when the signal-to-noise ratio fell below a predetermined level. The average
data rate for this system was approximately 30 words per minute with an error rate from
.1 percent to 4 percent.
(U) In 1965, NATO developed the first Meteor Burst system to employ ARQ
equipment. The system was known as COMET (COmmunications by MEteor Trails) and
was used successfully for point-to-point telecommunications between the Netherlands and
France. With the advent of ARQ equipment, the error rates fell dramatically.
(U) SNOTEL (SNOw pack TELemetry), developed in the 1970s, is still in use throughout
the western United States. This system contains 2 master stations and more than 500
remote data acquisition sites in 11 western states. The system monitors snowfall and
other meteorological data. The 500 unmanned, remote stations are divided into selectively
addressed groups of approximately 60 remote stations in each group. Polling a group of 60
stations takes an average of 5 minutes.
(U) AMBCS (Alaskan Meteor Burst Communications System) was deployed in the late
1970s and is owned jointly by several government agencies. The system collects
aeronautical and environmental data from remote sensors and also serves as a source of
teletype communications between remote manned sites. This system is especially useful
in Alaska because Meteor Burst Communications do not experience the auroral
interference common to High Frequency communications.

VII. WORLDWIDE DEVELOPMENTS IN MBC

(U) Although the United States is the leader in MBC technology, it is not alone in the
effort to exploit its usefulness. Several countries, including friendly, hostile, and third
world nations, are either developing their own systems or attempting to import them from
theUnited States. Following is a brief summary of worldwide developments in MBC.

53 'Fe, SECRET tlM11tA

'f8P 'EERfT tjMIRA CRYPrOLOOIC QUARTERLY

,____ .1

,,.. ,..,..,.., I

.- ----'

___ I

nn.. ,...1

nn..,..,

7. Ibid.,p.14.
8. Ibid., p. 18. / ...... // ..

9. Ibid.,p. 22.
b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

.1'8' 5EERE'f tlM11tA 54

 METEOR BURST COMMUNICATIONS fap SEEREl' tlMBItA

United States
--

.-re*-

.~ ~~~,I
-

I~ ~~,..J
-

10. ibid. ~
11. Ibid., p. 26.
12. Ibid., p. 28.
13. Ibid., p. 29.

55 T9' SEERET liMBItA

b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36
 TOP SI!!Cft£f tJMIRA CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY

VUI. LATESTTECHNOLOGJCAL BREAKTHROUGHS

VHF Convertors

(U) Developed by an American company, IA Research Corporation, theVHF convertor

allows the conversion of any VHF radio to an MBC terminal. The time required for
conversion is minimal and completely reversible, allowing a terminal to go back and forth
from VHF to MBC in a matter of minutes..The conversion is possible on any VHF radio,
including manpack-deployable units. This development has the potential of opening the
field to thousands ofnew MBC users. At a recent convention inWashington, D.C., several
thousand dollars' worth of these convertors was stolen in an overnight theft. 15 The
convertors would be very beneficial to anyone wishing to secretly convert to Meteor Burst
Communications.

Adaptive Signaling RateB

(U) The Meteor Communications Corporation of Seattle, Washington, has developed

equipment that allows adaptive signaling rates. The equipment senses the slgnal-te-noise
ratio and sets the signal rate accordingly. If a strong signal-to-noise ratio is present, the
signal rate is greater, allowing the transmission of larger volumes of data. Manypotential
users, currently not employing MBC because of MBC's inability to pass large volumes of
traffic, may be very interested in this development.

IX. CONCLUSIONS

' .... ,..,.. ..... .-------------------------------.,

14. Ibid., p. 24.

15£ Bobby J. Mitchell. "New Meteor Burst Communications Technology Displayed at AFCEA Annual
Convention and Trade Show," New Meteor Burst Communications Technology-Information Memorandwn, July
1987,p.3.

"fe' SECRET \:JMBR~ 56

(bl (1 I
(bl (31-P.L. 86-36
 METEOR BURST COMMUNICATIONS TOP SeER!' UMBRA

-- --
,-

.- ---

"'""*

--

(b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36
57 'Fe, StERR l::IMBRA
T9P SECRET l::IMBRA CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
\i~: (3) -P.L. 86-36
1(0)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Commercial Periodicals

Boyle, Dan. "Long Distance Communications - Back to Ionization," International

Defense Review, May 1988, pp. 127-29.

Cannon, P. S. and A. P. C. Reed. "The Evolution of Meteor Burst Communication

Systems," Journal of the Institution ofElectronic and Radio Engineers, Vol. 57, No.3,
May/June 1987, pp. 101-12.
Day, Willis E. "Meteor-Burst Communications Bounce Signals Between Remote
Sites," Electronics, December 1982, pp. 71-75.
Elliott, Ronald D. "Meteor Burst Communications in Tactical Intelligence Support,"
SIGNAL, November 1986, pp. 80-88.
Willis, Ken. "Meteor Scatter - European Style," QST, November 1986, pp. 35-39.

f6115EeREf l:JMBRA 58
 METEOR BURST COMMUNICATIONS 1'6' SEER!' I:JMIM

Reports by Govemment Agencies

Miscellaneous

Merritt, Robert H. and Timothy W. Snyder. "Meteor Burst Communications," date

unknown.
A Meteor Scatter Communications System, Hollis International Limited, Hollis, New
Hampshire, November 1986.
Various Reports, Files, and Personal Interviews, 1988-1989..

(b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

59 lQP SECRET UMBRA

Tap SEERET tlMBItA CRYPl'OLOGIC QUARTERLY

AppendillA
Meteor Burst Comai\UlicatioD& Propagation

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

The angle formed by the incident ray striking the meteor trail is equal to the angle formed by the ray being
reflected from the meteor trail. This determines the signal path. In the above example, communications
would occur. Had either station been positioned anywhere else along the line, communications would not
havs occurred. Likewise, the signal would not bave been intercepted unless the interceptor was within the
footprint of the receiver or the ground wave ofthe transmitter.

TOP SEERET tlMBRA 60

 METEORBURSTCOMMUNICATIONS '1=0' 5EEAET YM8AA

AppendixB

b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

61 1'8' SEER!' l:JMBIbfc

 'FOP SECRET t:JMBRA CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY

Appencllll:C

b) (1)
(b) (3)-P.L. 86-36

YePSECRET tiMB... 62·

12'34,,56789+746:

Multiband and SDR

Public Safety
Communications

Dan Sullivan
Daniel.sullivan@harris.com

!"#$%%&'()*+),-).''/%%0
The Magnitude of It All

!"#$%&''()*+,-$(./(01(2).+&)/+3(..(2).+0$#&1#+14#+)##/+52$+()1#$2'#$&6(%(17
; G('2)B).9>'"4I).6,)6+'Z646#P4P[
< L**.4W7,9+)>O'$%%'9M)687):'96B'/%%&%%%'9M)6+:\4@@78).:
< Y.7,9.7>O'FE2#E7MJ'96B'GE2#T4A'-96B: They use VHF low also as do State and Local.
< T9.M)'9.)9:'4@'.):*46:7-7>7+O
; (+9+)'96B'T489>'27.:+'1):*46B).:
< L**.4W7,9+)>O'b0&%%%'9M)687):'96B'/`_',7>>746'@7.:+'.):*46B).:
< i$0&%%%'T9A'j6@4.8),)6+'LM)687):&'i/b&%%%'27.)'P)*9.+,)6+:&'ia%%%'
1):85)'(Q59B:
< ]_]&k%]'233'7::5)B'>78)6:):'+4'+J):)'9M)687):'Z*).'969>O:7:'-O'LY3V'
76']\/%%a[
Thus, approx. 270,000 low band VHF radios in government
FREQUENCY BAND PERCENTAGE USAGE
use. Also, some business land mobile and maritime.
VHF Low 30-50 MHz 10%
VHF High 136-174 MHz 47% Some of these, by and add-on coversion device, could be
UHF Low 380-470 MHz 25% used on Meteor Burst Communication Systems.
UHF High 470-512 MHz 5%
700 MHz 764-806 MH ? Additionally, MBC frequecies and mode can be built into
800 MHz 806-869 MHz 13% SDR radios that include VHF low band range, allowing use
of MBC mode for all public safety and mission critical users.

!"#$%%&'()*+),-).''/%%0
 Unity XG-100 Operational Scenario
136-870 MHz

FEDERAL POLICE FIRE EMS

Channel 1: Channel Channel

1: 2: Channel 3: Channel 4:
Channel 2:
3: Channel 4:
VHF Digital UHF Digital
VHF Digital UHF Analog 800 Digital
UHF Analog
UHF Digital 800 Digital
136.1 MHz 136.1 MHz469.1 MHz 469.1 MHz469.1 MHz 869.1 MHz
VHF low in 30-50
is not solely
869.1 MHz
allocated to
public safety, but
principally is. VHF Low VHF High UHF Bands 700/800 Bands Broadband
SkyTel entities 30-50 MHz 136-174 MHz 380-520 MHz 762-870 MHz 4940-4990 MHz
have substantial
channels
nationwide in this
range for Meteor
Burst
Communicatins.

TALK AS ONE – WORK AS ONE

!"#$%%&'()*+),-).''/%%0
Harris RF-1033M Portable LMR Radio

; Key Characteristics
< Multiband Frequency Coverage
Including:
; VHF-low: 30-50 MHz
; VHF-high: 136-174 MHz
; UHF: 380-512 MHz
< Multimode Capability
Including: P25, FM, AM
< Secure Communications
< Software Defined Radio
< Most rugged LMR available
< Standard 5-year Warranty

; Field Proven Multi-band

Software Defined Radio

First Multi-band, Multi-mode Land Mobile Radio - available today

!"#$%%&'()*+),-).''/%%0
 Fa u l t Ma
SkyTel: Asnnoted
a g e me onn tpage 1 of this
presentation, this
andis another SDR
Advanced events alarms
radio that includes low band VHF.
Caching of recent alarms
Information Technology Solutions
Unlike the Harris radio above, this
is Email Alarm Notification
designed for wider channels, FullMAX: Broadband Wireless for Mission Critical Industries
from 200 kHz wide and wider, as
described. For Meteor Burst
Comm, an external amplifier may
be used for better relay and
remoted station use, along with a
MBC specific mobile antenna.

Supports all frequencies

from 40 MHz to 958 MHz,
FullMAX MS4000 Mobile Station
tunable over the air

Single Software Defined Radio

(SDR) supports all frequencies from
Software Definable Radio 40 MHz to 958 MHz
(SDR) supporting Small Footprint for mobile installation:
channel widths from 200 11.02” x 7.87” x 2.80”

kHz to 10 MHz 10/100 Base RJ45 Ethernet Interface

Integrated GPS for AVL

High Tx Power: up to 4 A Wide Range Software Definable Radio: At the

FullMAX technology is based on the state-of-the-art
Watts Effective Transmit heart of the FullMAX system is our specialized
Mobile WiMAX standard (802.16e-2005). We
Power (standard) with 10 Software Definable Radio (SDR). The FullMAX
have enhanced the standard to meet the wide-
Watts optional SDR supports all frequencies from 40 MHz to 958
area, IP data needs of mission critical industries.
This includes adapting the WiMAX-e PHY and MHz. This opens up a multitude of VHF/UHF
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Integrated GPS for frequencies for long-range mobile coverage
the best frequencies for non-line of sight, long-
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Narrow Channel Support: We have enhanced
FullMAX establishes a wide-area, routable, mobile
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Synchronization controlled quality of service (QoS) for high reliability
Narrow channels improve RF performance as
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well as unlock underutilized spectrum
The FullMAX System is a turnkey, end-to-end
opportunities in the Sub 1 GHz bands.
All industrial grade solution which includes the FullMAX BS1000 base
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we can transmit at high power levels. The
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Ethernet and Serial FullMAX Base Stations and Mobile Stations have
With FullMAX, the operator can establish mobile
Interfaces adjustable power up to 4 watts of effective
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(888) 350-9994
Fa u l t Ma n a g e me n t
Advanced events and alarms

Caching of recent alarms

Information Technology Solutions
Email Alarm Notification FullMAX: Broadband Wireless for Mission Critical Industries

OFDMA PHY Layer

FullMAX MS4000 Specifications
for superior multipath
performance &
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reuse

WiMAX-e Features RF & PHY

Mobile Data Full Spectrum 802.16e-2005 designed to RF PHY OFDMA
Enhanced Version support low range frequencies Frequencies 40 MHz to 958 MHz (5
connectivity @ 75 of WiMAX-e and narrow channels Supported kHz steps)
Mph Adaptive 200 kHz up to 10 MHz
64QAM, 16QAM, QPSK Channel Sizes
Modulation (software configurable)
Convolutional Coding Rates: Duplex Method TDD
1/2, 2/3, 3/4 4 Watt standard, optional
Coding Tx (effective
Convolutional Turbo Coding higher power PA’s
Centralized Media transmit power)
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 available
Access Control FFT Size (No. of
128
Subcarriers) Services & Provisioning
(MAC) for high QPSK FEC 3/4 = Up to 16 classifiers per
reliability and QoS 0.95 bits per hertz per second QoS Priorities
Subscriber Station
End User Data 16 QAM FEC 3/4 = QoS types,
Throughput 2.1 bits per hertz per second BE, nrtps, rt-PS, UGS
Classes of Service
64 QAM FEC 3/4 = Minimum data rate, Data
3.3 bits per hertz per second Data Rate Control
Rate Limiting
Configurable Initial Ranging, Periodic Ranging
Ranging Support
downlink and uplink & Bandwidth Request
Synchronization Security EAP, AES 128
scheduling with Preamble detection
Support
embedded Frequency Mgmt / Configuration
PLL tracking Management
Synchronization SNMP, Telnet
classification tools Protocol
-110 dBm (QPSK), -101 dBm (16
Rx Sensitivity Yes, “over the air”, “fail-
QAM), -93 dBm (64 QAM)
Software upgrade safe” software
Subchannelization PUSC, FUSC and AMC 2x3
upgradeable
MAC layer ARQ and NMS remote
Mechanical / Electrical management & SNMP
PHY layer HARQ for User Interface 10/100 BaseT on RJ-45, RS232 provisioning
Subscriber Station (Mobile and
improved BER Voltage
Fixed): 9 to 36 VDC input
performance Dimensions
(MS): 11.02” x 7.87” x 2.80”
(h-w-d) / mm
Weight (typical) 3.8 lbs
Temperature -30°C to +60°C
95% humidity for 96 hours, 55%
EAP Authentication Humidity
average humidity
AES128 Encryption

Security

1149 Chestnut Street, Suite 100, Menlo Park, CA 94025

www.fullspectrumnet.com
(888) 350-9994