Electrical concepts for BusDuct

I] Basic Electrical concepts about BustDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars
1 Current:

Electrical current is a measure of the amount of electrical charge transferred per unit
time. It represents the flow of electrons through a conductive material.

Current is a scalar quantity (though in circuit analysis, the direction of current is

relevant). The SI unit of electrical current is the ampere, defined as 1
coulomb/second.
Formula: I = V/R

2 Voltage:
In alternating-current power transmission and distribution, the cosine of the phase
Voltage is a representation
angle between of the
the voltage and electric potential
current.deally valueenergy
of powerperfactor
unit charge.
is 0.85. If a unit of
electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage
In an ac circuit, the power P consumed can be expressed in terms indicates the potential energy
of applied
of it at that
voltage, V,point. In other
current words, itRisand
I, resistance a measurement of theAenergy
the phase angle between contained
currentwithin
and
an electric
voltage. V,field,
I areorinstantaneous
an electric circuit, at a given point.
values.
Voltage is a scalar
P = V.I. cos quantity.
A = I*2.R . The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that 1 volt = 1
joule/coulomb.
From a phasor diagram, we get Cos A = R/Z
Formula:
At V = IRwhen Inductive reactance XL = capacuitative reactance Xc; the
resonance,
For Single
total phase the
impedance voltage is Zmin
is minimum, 230 V.= R;
Cos A = 1 phase
For Three and thethePower consumed
voltage is 415V. is maximum, Pmax = VI.

3 Hence, in general, P = V.I. cos A = Pmax. Cos A.

Power Factor:
So, the actual power consumed, in general, is less than the maximum power
that can be consunmed (at resonance) by a factor, Cos A. Hence, Cos A is
called the power factor.

One may define power factor = P/Pmax

One may also defione powerfactor as Cos A =R/Z
The power factor is by definition a dimensionless number between 0 and 1.

4 Frequency
It is defined (f);
either as f = 50 Hz/60 Hz.It depends of frequency of operation of the
respective machines/system.
It is defined as the product of voltage & current & the phase shift between them.The
instantaneous electrical power P delivered to a component is given by
5 Phase to Phase (for three phase):
It isP(t)
the=voltage
I(t) .V(t)applied between the phases of mains i.e. RY – YB – BR.The phase
to phase voltage is 440 V.
where
Where,
R =P(t)
Red is ,the
Y =instantaneous
Yellow & B = power,
Blue measured in watts (joules per second)
V(t) is the potential difference (or voltage drop) across the component, measured
6 Phase
in volts to Line (for single phase):
It isI(t)
theis voltage
the current through
applied it, measured
between in amperes
one of the phases and Neutral i.e. RN – YN –
BN.The phase to line voltage is 230 V.
If the component is a resistor with time-invariant voltage to current ratio, then:
Where,
R = Red , Y = Yellow, B = Blue & N = Neutral
P=I^2 . R = (V^2) / 2

7 Power
where (P) [Correlation of all the above]:

R = V/I

R is the resistance, measured in ohms.

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 Electrical concepts for BusDuct
Formula :
For Single phase: P = V I Cos O
For Three phase: P = / 3 V I Cos O

II] Electrical Equipments used for BustDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars
1 Transformer
A transformer :is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to
A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator
another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.
(often called an alternator) to generate electric energy. Diesel generating sets are
Output
used in voltage of a transformer
places without connectionranges
to thefrom 11 grid
power KV toor440 KV.
as emergency power-supply if
the grid fails. Small portable diesel generators range from about 1 kVA to 10 kVA
2 Diesel
may beGenerator(DG)
used Set :
It is known asasthepower
powersupplies on construction
panel and sites, orgives
distribution panel.It as auxiliary power for
the information about
vehicles such as mobile homes..It generates the ideal output voltage
the various specifications like voltage,current,power etc. and the various of 440 V.
control
switches mounted in the LT Panel.
3 Panel refers
LT Panel : to lighting panel while control panel refers to a panel with magnetic
switches or contactors for controlling the operation of motors or lighting circuits.

4 U.P.S (Uninterrupted Power Supply) :

An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an elect

III] Testing Equipment for BusDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars
1 Multimeter :
It is used generally used to measure the voltage of any electrical equipment.The input/output voltage is measu

2 Meggar:
It is one of the testing equipment used to measure the insulation resistance of the conductors and to measure

3 Tongue meter :
It is used to measure the current (A) of any electrical equipment to be tested.

4 HV Tester :
HV Tester is used to test the voltage withstand capacity of an insulating material of a conductor.It is measured

5 Temperature rise test/Heatrun Test :

This test is carried out to know heating capacity & it's dissipation of conductors per cross section area of an ele

6 Conductivity meter:
It is used tomeasure the purity & conductivity of a conductor e.g.Copper and Aluminium.
Conductivity of Copper varies from 98 % to 105 %.
Conductivity of Aluminium varies from > 56% to 65 %.

7 Types of Switchgears(Tripping devices):

a] Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) – It is used as a tripping device for 800 amps and above range respectively.
b] Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) - It is used as a tripping device for 400 amps to 1600 amps.
c]

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or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically th

ent.The input/output voltage is measured in volts.

ce of the conductors and to measure the short circuit current between insulted conductors

material of a conductor.It is measured in Volts.

uctors per cross section area of an electrical equipment.

and Aluminium.

and above range respectively.

or 400 amps to 1600 amps.

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 Electrical concepts for BusDuct

the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails.

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