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Praise is for Allah and peace upon His slaves whom He has chosen
O Allah, send blessings and peace upon our liegelord Muhammad, his pure folk, radiant
companions and those who follow them in excellence until the Final Day
The needy servant, AbdulKarim Yahya, may Allah pardon him and his Shaykhs, says: the
following are brief pages summarizing rulings of menstruation and related subjects
according to the school of Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafiʼi, Allah be pleased with him. I ask
Allah to make them solely for His Noble Countenance. Seeking Allahʼs aid, depending on
Him, and turning our affair to Him, we begin.
Allah, Exalted is He, says: “They ask you about menstrual bleeding, say: It is an impurity,
so avoid women where they menstruate. Approach them not until they become pure.
When they have purified themselves, come to them from whence Allah has commanded
you. Indeed Allah loves those who are oft-repenting and He loves those who purify
themselves.” Quran (2:222)
Lady ʻAiʼsha, Allah be pleased with her, said: “The Prophet, Allah bless and grant him
peace, would recite Quran with his head in my lap while I was menstruating.” (Bukhari and
Muslim)
She, Allah be pleased with her, also said: “I would drink while I was menstruating and then
pass it to the Prophet, Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he would place his mouth
on the spot of my mouth and drink. And I would bite meat from a bone when I was
menstruating and pass it to the Prophet, Allah bless and grant him peace, and he would
put his mouth on the place of my mouth.” (Muslim)
Bukhari and Muslim narrate from Lady ʻAʼisha, Allah be pleased with her, that she said:
“We went forth with the Prophet, Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioning nothing
other than Hajj, when we reached [a place called] Sarif, I menstruated. The Prophet, Allah
bless him and grant him peace, came in and I was crying. He said, ʻWhat makes you cry?ʼ
and I replied, ʻI swear by Allah that I wish I did not make Hajj this year!ʼ He responded,
ʻPerhaps you have menstruated?ʼ I answered, ʻYes.ʼ He said, ʻVerily this is something that
Allah has written for the daughters of Adam. Do what someone on Hajj does, other than
that you do not circumambulate the House until you become pure.ʼ”
1.1. Definitions
2. Lochia (postnatal bleeding) is bleeding immediately after a fetus leaves the womb.
Imam Shafiʼi said: The earliest women I have heard of in their menstruating are the women
of Tihama. They menstruate at nine years of age.”
Imam Shafiʼi (Allah be pleased with him) said: “I know of a women about whom it has been
confirmed for me that she continuously menstruates for a day and no more than that.”
Ataʼ (Allah be pleased with him) said: “I have seen among women those who menstruate
one day and those who menstruate 15 days.”
1. Bleeding means that color is present such that if a cotton ball were to be inserted it
would be discolored.
2. The strength of menstrual bleeding is determined by three things: color, thickness, and
odor.
3. The colors in descending order of strength are: black, red, brown, yellow, and dusky.
4. Imam Nawawi said in Minhaj: “Yellow and dusky are menstruation on the soundest
position.”
5. Gaps of non-bleeding during menstruation and bleeding during pregnancy that fulfill the
conditions of menstruation are considered menstruation according to the strongest
position.
Allahʼs Messenger, Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “When menstrual bleeding
begins, refrain from prayer. When it ends, wash the blood from yourself and
pray.” (Bukhari)
1. If a woman sees bleeding when menstruation is possible, she must refrain from those
things that are forbidden during menstruation.
2. If it stops in less than 24 hours, then it is considered Abnormal Bleeding, and she must
make-up any missed prayers.
3. If it lasts for 24 hours and less than 15 days, it is considered menstruation - regardless
of whether it coincided with her habit and regardless of its color.
4. If it goes longer than 15 days, it is Abnormal Bleeding which will be discussed, in sha
Allah.
Malik and Bukhari narrated: “Some women would send to ʻAʼisha cloths in which there was
cotton with yellow on it - Malik added, from menstrual blood - and she would say, ʻDo not
rush, [wait] until you see the white plaster. She meant by that purity from menstruation.ʼ”
Ibn Hajar said: “Malik said, ʻI asked the women about it and I found that it was well known
to them, and that they noticed it upon purity.ʼ”
5. The end of menstruation is known by the absence of color, such that if she were to
insert cotton it would remain white.
6. If she begins bleeding again within 15 days, she considers it - as well as the non-
bleeding - menstruation, and so forth until it goes beyond 15 days. Then we look back and
apply the rulings of Abnormal Bleeding.