Recognizing Propaganda Techniques 2/28/11 6:58 PM

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Recognizing Propaganda Techniques

and Errors of Faulty Logic

Propaganda Techniques

What are Propaganda Techniques? They are the methods and approaches used to
spread ideas that further a cause - a political, commercial, religious, or civil cause.
Why are they used? To manipulate the readers' or viewers' reason and emotions; to
persuade you to believe in something or someone, buy an item, or vote a certain way.
What are the most commonly used propaganda techniques? See which of the ten
most common types of propaganda techniques you already know.

Types:

Name calling: This techniques consists of attaching a negative label to a person or a thing.
People engage in this type of behavior when they are trying to avoid supporting their own
opinion with facts. Rather than explain what they believe in, they prefer to try to tear their
opponent down.
Glittering Generalities: This technique uses important-sounding "glad words" that have
little or no real meaning. These words are used in general statements that cannot be proved

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Recognizing Propaganda Techniques 2/28/11 6:58 PM

mean that one caused the other to happen. It is important to evaluate data carefully before
jumping to a wrong conclusion.

Errors of Faulty Logic

Contradiction: Information is presented that is in direct opposition to other information

within the same argument.
Example: If someone stated that schools were overstaffed, then
later argued for the necessity of more counselors, that person
would be guilty of contradiction.

Accident: Someone fails to recognize (or conceals the fact) that an argument is
based on an exception to the rule.
Example: By using selected scholar-athletes as the norm, one
could argue that larger sports programs in schools were vital to
improving academic performance of all students.

False Cause: A temporal order of events is confused with causality; or, someone
oversimplifies a complex causal network.
Example: Stating that poor performance in schools is caused by
poverty; poverty certainly contributes to poor academic

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Recognizing Propaganda Techniques 2/28/11 6:58 PM

not prove all students are performing at that level. Likewise, when
the military points to the promiscuous behavior of some
homosexuals, it is committing the fallacy of composition: the
behavior of some cannot serve as proof of-the behavior of all
homosexuals.

Errors of Attack

Poisoning the A person is so committed to a position that he/she explains away

Well: absolutely everything others offer in opposition.
Example: Almost every proponent and opponent on the ban on
gays in the military commits this error.

Ad Hominem: A person rejects a claim on the basis of derogatory facts (real or alleged)
about the person making the claim.
Example: Someone rejects President Clinton's reasons for lifting
the ban on gays in the military because of Mr. Clinton's draft
record.

Recognizing Propaganda Techniques

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