Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Vol. 8, No. 1, March, 2009, ISSN: 0189-823X

All Rights Reserved
EVALUATION OF THE SUSPENDING PROPERTIES OF KHAYA SENEGALENSIS GUM
IN PARACETAMOL SUSPENSIONS
*Mahmud, H S., Oyi, A.R and Allagh, T
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
*Author for Correspondence: mhszubair@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The suspending properties of Khaya senegalensis gum were evaluated comparatively with those of Acacia
sieberiana and Acacia senegal gums at a concentration range of 0.2 to 5.0%w/v in 2.4%w/v paracetamol
suspension. Acacia senegal was used as the reference standard. The parameters employed for evaluation were
sedimentation volume, particle size, rheology and crystal growth analysis. Khaya senegalensis gum at 5.0%w/v as
compared to the two acacia gums produced a stable, re-dispersible, flocculated suspension free from crystals
throughout the storage period of 8 weeks while the acacia gums dissolved most of the dispersed solids. The results
suggest that Acacia sieberiana at concentrations above 5%w/v may be used to dissolve paracetamol powder and;
khaya gum has potential to suspend paracetamol and may provide a substitute excipient in the liquid formulation of
paracetamol and perhaps curb the problem of paediatric mortalities associated with organic chemicals used as
solubilizing agents in paracetamol.
Key words: Khaya senegalensis gum, Acacia sieberiana gum, suspending agent, sedimentation volume, rheology,
crystal growth.

Evaluation of Dissolution Behavior of Paracetamol

Suspensions
Md. Golam Azam1 and Syed Shabbir Haider2
1Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh, 3/18, Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur,
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,
Bangladesh. Present address: Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Banani,
Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT: Ten brands of commercial paracetamol suspensions were investigated for their dissolution
characteristics in 0.1 N HCl at a speed of 25 rpm using USP dissolution test apparatus II (Paddle method). It was
observed that differences exist among the rate of paracetamol dissolution from the samples, particularly at the early
stages. For nine of the brands, paracetamol dissolution varied between 72% and 100% at 15 minutes. One of the
samples showed a very unsatisfactory rate and extent of drug dissolution as only 39% and 52% paracetamol was
released after 15 and 30 minutes respectively. The effect of two commonly used suspending agents, CMC-Na and
Avicel, on the release of paracetamol was studied using four laboratory-made suspensions. Retarded drug dissolution
was observed which was related to the concentration of the suspending agents. Drug release kinetics followed first
order as well Higuchi models. Viscosity of the samples and initial drug release was found to be inversely correlated
(R2=0.9081 at 3 minutes) which faded away with the lapse of time.

Key words: Paracetamol suspension, in vitro dissolut

Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol
suspensions employing its solid dispersions
Auteur(s) / Author(s)

CHOWDARY K. P. R. ; RAVI SANKAR PRASAD T. ;

Résumé / Abstract

Suspensions were formulated employing paracetamol and its solid dispersions in

hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyethylene glycol
(PEG) and were evaluated for particle size, physical stability and dissolution rate. The size of the
dispersed drug particles was much reduced in suspensions formulated employing solid
dispersions. These suspensions exhibited good suspendability and gave higher dissolution rate of
paracetamol than those formulated employing paracetamol alone. Suspension formulated
employing paracetamol-HPMC solid dispersions gave highest improvement in the dissolution
rate and dissolution efficiency of paracetamol. Good linear relationship was observed between
particle size and dissolution efficiency of the suspensions.ion, suspending agents