ORGANIC 1

1) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

a) What does the term saturated mean? ………………………………………………………………………………….………

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b) What does the term hydrocarbon mean? ………………………………………………………………………………….…

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2) How many covalent bonds do

a) carbon atoms make ……………………………… b) hydrogen atoms make ……………………………… (2)

3) Pentane is an alkane containing 5 carbon atoms. Draw the displayed structure of pentane.

(1)

4) a) Give the general formula of alkanes. ……….………………………………………………………………………….……… (1)

b) What is the molecular formula of an alkane with 18 carbon atoms. ……….……………………………….……… (1)

5) Alkanes are found in crude oil. Crude oil is a form of ancient biomass.

a) What is meant by the term ancient biomass? …………………………………………………………….………….………

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b) The alkanes from crude oil are separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Explain how this is
done and why it separates the alkanes into fractions.

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 c) Fractions are mixtures of substances with similar boiling points – they are not pure substances. How
can you tell that they are mixtures and not pure substances.

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………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………...………….… (2)

6) The table below shows how the boiling point of some alkanes.

alkane CH4 C2H6 C 3H 8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14

Mr 16

boiling point (°C) –162 –89 –42 0 36

a) Complete the table to show the relative formula mass (Mr) of the alkanes. (2)

b) Plot a graph of boiling point versus relative formula mass (Mr) so that you will be able to work out the
boiling point of hexane (C6H14).

c) What is the relationship between the boiling point and the relative formula mass (Mr) of the alkanes?

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………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………...………….… (2)

d) Use your graph to deduce the boiling point of hexane (C6H14) ……….………………………..….………….……… (1)