Chapter 5 : Cell Division

Answer:

1(a) S - Chromosomes 1
T - Centriole 1 Total-2marks
(b) (i) Prophase 1
(ii) 6 1
(iii)This cell division maintains the chromosomal
number of species and ensures the same genetic
material is passed on to the offspring. 1
(iv) Animal organ – skin
plant organ - leaf 1
1
(v)

2 Total-7marks

(c) (i) Prophase I 1

(ii) - Exchange segments of DNA in a crossing over

process. This means genetic material is exchanged 1
- The crossing over process occurs between non-
sister chromatids 1
-Resulting in new combinations of genes on a
chromosome 1
(iii) Reproductive organ – ovary
testis 1

(iv)

Total-7 marks
(d)
-Pairing of homologous chromosomes does no occur in
mitosis but homologous chromosomes pair up to form
tetrads in meiosis. 1
-Crossing over between non-sister chromatids does not
occur during prophase in mitosis but crossing over
between non-sister chromatids occur during prophase I 1
in meiosis
- During metaphase,the chromosomes are arranged
randomly at the metaphase plate in mitosis wherelse
homologous chromosomes line up side by side at the
metaphase plate in meiosis. 1
- During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to move
to the opposite poles in mitosis, but in meiosis
homologous chromosomes separate to move to the
opposite poles while the sister chromatids still remain
attached to each other. 1

- The cell undergoes only one division during mitosis

but twice under meiosis 1

- The cell undergoes only one division during mitosis

but twice under meiosis 1
- At the end of the division, two daughter cells are
produced in mitosis while four daughter cells(gametes)
are produced in meiosis. 1

- Chromosomal number of the daughter cells produced

in mitosis is maintained as the parent cell but it is
halved during meiosis OR diploid (2n) number of
chromosomes is maintained in mitosis but it becomes
haploid (n) during meiosis. 1
- Genetic content of the daughter cells is identical to
the parent and to one another during mitosis while it is
different from the parent cell and from one another
during meiosis 1
- thus causing genetic variation in meiosis but does
not cause any variation in mitosis 1
Any 6

Total 22 marks
2(a)(i) A D B C E 2

2(a)(ii) Meiosis 1
2(b)(i) Total 2 marks
1 mark –
drawing (a cell
with plasma
membrane,
chromosome
chromosomes
and nuclear
Nuclear
membrane)
membrane
1 mark –
consist of 2
chro
mosomes

2(b)(ii) The daughter cell has the haploid number of

chromosomes whereas the parent cell has the diploid 1
number of chromosomes.

2(c)(i) 4 1
2(c)(ii) - Zygote formed are diploid // have 4 chromosomes 1
- it received 2 chromosomes from each gamete 1
2(d) F- Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
during prophase I / stage A. 1

E1- Exchange of genetic material between chromatids 1

of homologous chromosomes

E2- Creates chromosomes with different gene

combinations and results in genetic variation among 1
the daughter cells / gametes.

Total 12 marks