Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Har; gi/*
From this issue onwards we shall be inuiting Guest Editors for AlrlLetter with theme focus. Hari
has been with us at EQUATIONS for the past year inuolued in a study of tourisnr in Tamil Nadu
and the networking related to CRZ - Action Study Circle. He will be now working from MINDS,
Kerala.
(f. t ,4/ I IaeT* I,,ru
NewAddreses
EQUATTONS Our E-mail address is
POST BOX 847 E-mail : equations@indiatap.tool.nl
BANCALORE . 560 OO8
INDIA
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and send t$ a copy of tlre reproduced material for our infonnation. The vierss
q thry$glqare those of the authors and not necessarily o.f, the publislefs.
2
Baned fromthe Beach
ihrdin lhueei
lll'.
j$i H,*
t ., .,i1"
,,iti
oes a uniforar coastal exclusion zone make ecological or In CRZ III areas, or those that are relatively undisturbed and
economic sense? those that do not belong to either CRZ I or II, no construction
was permitted within 200 metres of the high tide. This area
The battle for our beaches reared its head once again on 12 could, however, be used for agriculfure, horticulture, parks, salt
December, 1994 when the Supreme Court issued a controversial manufacturing etc. Development of land between the 200 and
order barring "the setting up of any industry or construction of 500 metres limit for this zone was permitted only if approved
any type in the area at least 500 metres from the sea water at the by the ministry of environment and forests (MEF). The
maximum high tide." From this date onwards, this area i.e the expansion of traditional village units was also allowed within
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) was to be kept "free from all this zone. The last category, CRZ IV, pertained to islands. [n
construction of any type." ttris zone, construction was not allowed within 200 metres from
the HTL an-d was restricted from 2fi) to 500 metres.
in the above action, the Indian Council for
The petitioners
Enviro-Legal Action, had alleged that unauthorised In addition to the creation of these categories, the notification
constructions were being permitted by the various coastal states banned a variety of ecologically destructive activities such as the
and union territories in flagrant violation of an earlier discharge of untreated wastes, the storage of hazardous
government notification. ThLs notification, issued on February substances and the alteration of the coastal topography in the
20, 1997 under Section 3(2XV) of the Environment Protection CRZ. Moreover, it required all the states to prepare a 'coastal
Act, 1986, set out various prohibitions, requirements and management plan'within the span of a year.
controls for the coastal areas of the country. It classified the
coast into four categories, CRZ I, II, III and IV, and laid out "Why has the Supreme Court banned the setting up of any
separate rules for their development. industry or construction of any type in the area up to 500
metres from the sea when the 1991 notification did allow
In brief, the categorisation under the 1991 notification was as construction between 200 and 500 metres in certain zones if
follows: In CRZ I areas, or ecologically sensitive areas such as approved by the environment ministry? When the petitioners
national parks and sanctuaries, no development was permitted argued that unauthorised industries and other constructions are
within 500 metres of the high tide line GffL).For CRZ II areas, being permitted in the CRZ, should not the resultant Supreme
or those that have dready been developed close to the shoreline, Court order prohibit only unauthorised corutruction rather than
the notification allowed construction on the landward side of all construction of any type?" asks Vivek Nair, Managing
existing structures subject to municipal guidelines. Director of Hotel Leela Venture Liimited and executive
committee member of the Federation of Hotels and Restaurants
Source: Business India - Feb 27,7995
R0074 - (Gos) prepared by the Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity
Centre of the Mediterranean Action Plan, with assistance of
On The Environmental Masterplaa for the Management of consultants. The document describes, step-by-step the
Beach& Its Enoirons of Karnataka Coast by T Ananda Rao application of the general approach advocated for the EIA
This report sponsored by the Department of Ecology and procedure. 7997, l-32 pp.
Environment, Government of Karnataka contains chapters on
Beaches & Estuaries; Resource & Development Perspectives; R0196 - (G05)
Silvicultural Resources; Industrial Resources; Tourism Marine Ptotected Areas Neeils in the South Asian Seas
Resource Water Resources; Human Resources; Mineral Region - Volume 2: India
Resources; Status of Environment problems in and around
Beaches; Prospects of Management Action Plans & Perspective The Marine Conservation and Development Reports are
Solutions and Need for Perscriptive Management Policy. Final designed to provide access to a broad range of policy
Report, March 1991, 1-585 pg. statements, guidelines, and activity reports relating to marine
issues of interest to the conservation and development
R0190 - (G0s) community. IUCN, 7993, t-77 pp.
Corcl Reef Managemmt Hanilbook by R A Kenchington &
. BrydgetETHudson R0197 - (Gos)
The Coral Reef Management Handbook has been prepared as Teluk Cendetazoasih - Mailne Consentation Area
the consequence of a resolution of the UNESCO Workshop on IRIAN - IAyA Management Plan 7988-7992
Research and Training for Coral Reef Management held at This plan presents recommendations for developing and
Manila in May 1981. managing the marine reserve over the first five years of its
The purpose of this handbook is to provide political, existence. The proposed management strategy has been
administrative and technical decision makers who have' designed to establish a strong basic structure for the
responsibility for coral reefs, with the means to ensure that functioning of the reserve on which future developments can
relevant issues are properly considered in the process of be built. It serves as a guide for people involved in the
making or reviewing decisions which affect coral reef. The management of the area. 1987, 1-150 pp.
handbook should enable the decision-maker to assess the
relative merits of developing planning and managements R0204 - (G0s)
resources locally through investment in training or by
Enoironment Problems of the South Asian Seas Region :
obtaining assistance regionally and internationally. For this
purpose a major section of the handbook is devoted to a An Oaerciew
listing of sources of regional and international assistance and This report was prepared by the United Nations Environment
to ensuring that approaches to such agencies are accompanied Programme (UNEP) as a contribution to the development of
by appropriate information. 2nd Edition 1988, \-321 pp. an action plan for the protection and management of the
marine and coastal environment of the South Asian region.
R0191 - (c0s)
1987, 1-50 pp.
Action Plnn for the ptotection and ileoelopment of the
martne anil coastal arcas of the East Asian Region
R020s - (Gos)
This document reproduces the parts of the intergovernmental
meetings convened by UNEP in Manila, 27-29 April1981 in Creating Coral Reef Protecteil Areas - A grassroots
Bangkok, 9 - 7l December 1981 as the final stage of the consentation issue action guide
preparatory work leading to the adoption of the Action Plan This guide includes an overview of the entire protected area
for the protection and development of the marine
environment and coastal areas of the East Asian Region at
creation process
discussion of human - with principles and guidelines; a
threats to coral reefs; means for
these meetings. 1983, 1-15 pp. attracting political, technical and administrative assistance;
R0193 - (Gos) and methods for developing, managing and implementing a
protected area pian. 1997, 1-74 pp.
for ileoeloping coastal water
GESAMP: Principles
quality citeia
This document has been prepared by the ]oint Group of A0s89 - (Gos)
Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution Coastal Zone Management in Tamil Nsdu State, Indiaby R
(GESAMP) sponsored by the UN, UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, Natarajan, S N Dwivedi & S Ramachandran
wHo, wMo, IMo, IAEA. 1984, 1-25 pp. This is a crisp and comprehensive summary of some
R0194 - (Gos) important status papers and other information on coastal
processes to create public awareness about coastal problems,
Enaitonmental lmpact Assessment: Sewage tteatment plant to help in enunciating suitable policy for responsible coastal
for Pott Said zone management, to prevent further deterioration of the
The analysis of the case study and the description of the coastal environment and above all for responsible utilisation
procedures used in the environmental impact assessment were of our coastal resources.
13
)> contirurcdfrompage 4 from the sea, "has nothing to do with protecting a site or
creating a basis for managing the many interrelated factors that
In response to the accusations of environmental negligence can guide quality development. For example, take a coastal
directed at the tourist industry, Nair also says that "there can wetlands area or estuary if such an area is a habitat for bird and
', be not doubt that the hotel and tourism industry is equally aquatic life, a 500 metre setback simply isn't enough. Such an
concerned about these issues....it is in their self interest to area will require comprehensive planning including the
preserve and protect the environment whidr alone can attract designation of areas for nafural sanctuaries, permanent open
tourists." As for the privatisation of the coast and issues such spaces and the creation of design and development guidelines to
as waste disposal, he points to the fact that the various ensure sensitive development in specific locations."
committees inspect the hotels regularly for violations. All the
necessary measures have, therefore, been taken. In his view, it is thus necessary to assess each ,physical
environment independently and estabUsh prescriptive guidelines
R.M. Premkumar, Secretary (tourism) and Managing Director to either preserve or modify it. Local bodies which consist of
of Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, questions citizens, specialists, interest groups and officials should be
the insistence on the 500-metre limit. "Why 500 metres?" he responsible for this job. "To simply draw a line around the coast
asks. "Has anyone explained the rationale of this limit? Is it of India is not enough... it does not adequately respond to local
not completely arbitrary?" Premkumar is sure that if enforced, conditions," says Van Pelt.
the order will prove deadly for the tourist industry as well as
for other builders.
In the final analysis, it is obvious that careful planning on a
Ronald Van Pelt, Director of Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo, an local level and an open and honest approval process are the two
architectural firm which has designed coastal projects in India most important mechanisms for the protection of sensitive
as well as abroad, is also critical of the 500-Metre limit. He environments. The question which then remains is when, if
believes that the establishment of a line, regardless of distance ever, will our gonernment recognise this simple truth? a
Tharrreer$Bhavi
A 1\[ernr l,ools?
Amhory Raj nd Shiuakuuan Bhar
The Thanneeru Bhavi issue has gained momentum dehumanised by the kind of exploitative, oppressive forces
,-fl
Vl ll over the last year not only as an injustice done to operating around the human being". This force has now taken
I the already marginalised people but also as an a new form by depriving people of their own land, and also
I t issue resulting from the unjust system that has been displacing them from the place to which they have been
I t prevailing around us. Profii-orientation, competition emotionally attached and dependent on it for their socio-
and manipulation of the ignorant and the powerless have economic and cultural life. While crime has always been a
always been a phenomenon existing and practiced around the reality in the world, violence is now inflicted on these people
world. This practice still continues and the people of Dakshina who are striving to have just a decent living, leave alone their
Kannada are a witness to this. efforts in acquiring wealth.
As Paulo Freire has rightly put it, " humanisation is human
being's vocation, since every human being tries to experience Thanneeru Bhavi
a happy life during his or trpr life time, yet the vocation is Bordered by the estuarine formed by the Gurupur and
Nethravati rivers to the East, and the Arabian sea to the West,
Il MSW, School of SocialWork, Mangalore and IV year L.L.B, Thartneeru Bhavi is the land mass lying in the southern end of
S.D.M Law CoIIege, Mangalore respectiaely. They worked on the the New Mangalore Port and located to the North West of the
for \{otking out Equitable Options
project for Thaneerbhaoi Mangalore city, Karnataka state of the Indian Union. Though
community supported by EQUATIONS. the land strip is quite large and one can see villages scattered
till the end of the strp, this article is linited to the issue of the The reasons for their continued stay range from social
tand in questiory the 127 acres in Thanneeru Bhavi village. isolation (caste factor), illiteracy, Iack of awareness, poverty
The striking feature of Thanneeru Bhavi is that it is one of the and of course the lethargic attitude of the bureaucracy. When
most backward areas in the Karnataka state. In contrast, the the inhabitants.of the neighbouring Mangalore city were
Mangalore city (half a km across the river or 5 kms on road) enjoying all the infrastructural facilities, people here were
is a flourishing town and is the centre of economic activity in compelled to live in sub-human conditions. Though the sword
the Dakshina Kannada region. of eviction had been hangrng over their heads since 1968, they
remained there since they have no other place to go and they
About 150 families live on the land in question. The were too poor to afford a shift of residence.
inhabitants belong to Mugera, Mogaveera (fisher folk) Billava,
Catholic and Muslim communities. Nearly 40o/" of. Thanneeru The Tourism Connection
Bhavi's population are Dalits who belong to the Mugera sub
caste. Mugeras are considered as one of the most backward Thanneeru Bhavi was declared as unsuitable for industries,
group among the Dalits in Dakshina Kannada. It would be thanks to the experts. But another 'development' vision
perhaps the only area in the region where the Mugeras dawned on the politicians and bureaucrats who are waiting to
constitute nearly half of the population. grab any opportunity to make massive promises as a means to
remain in power and to justify their existence.
Thanneeru Bhavi could be showed as an example of the
lopsided development paradigms followed by the government The Tourism development mania imposed through the
with no intergenerational and inter-regional parity. (Perhaps a National Action Plan for Tourism, l992,by the Government of
live model for national integration on the scale of poverty...!?). India became a convenient tool for those in search of a use for
About 25 families sustain themselves by agriculture. Many the 127 acres of land at Thanneeru Bhavi. The government
others work as daily wage earners (sweepers, attenders) in the agencies and politicians schemed to throw the thousands of
Mangalore city and the rest of them survive on fishing, Beedi people out of their huts in Thanneeru Bhavi to make space for
rolling and as coolies. Their life is totally dependent on the 'pleasure huts' for the rich foreign and domestic tourists.
river, the sea and the neighbouring Mangalore city. About 26 prospective developers including the Taj group of
Hotels and the Embassy International lobbied to grab
The Issue Thanneeru Bhavi. It came as an attractive offer to the KIADB
ln 1964, the state government acquired a few villages in which was holding the land for a long time and eager to
Panamboor area, north of Thanneeru Bhavi village, for the dispose it.
construction of the New Mangalore Port. On Ihe 23 May, 1968, The people of Thanneeru Bhavi were not informed of the
the Government issued a notice to acquire 127 acres of proposals to convert their living space to tourist resorts; they
agricultural land in Thanneeru Bhavi for industrial were not even served with the mandatory notice. The KIADB,
development. Much of this land belonged to the upper class in typical bureaucratic fashion, resorted to petty acts of
land owners and compensation naturally went to them. The auctioning the coconut trees in Thanneeru Bhavi ignoring the
tenants were not even aware of the acquisition proceedings, fact that these trees belonged to the people of Thanneeru
They received no notice to vacate the place. The government Bhavi, who planted them and nurtured them during the last
agencies acted as if the thousands of people living in so many decades. However, KIADB could not carry on the
Thanneeru Bhavi are'non-existent'. auction as the Thanneeru Bhavi community raised their voices
against the illegal action. But somehow KIADB was successful
One fine morning, nearly three decades ago, a section of the
fisher folk of Thanneeru Bhavi was pushed to another village,
in raising the fear of eviction, which has made a deeper
impact on the psyche of the people living there.
Chitrapur. Many others were shunted to Krishnapura where
some srnall sites were given to them, part of which was again
The Present Scenario
acquired for the more recent Konkan Railway Project. Others
remained in Thanneeru Bhavi as if nothing happened because At present, the people of Thanneeru Bhavi live under the
nobody asked them to move out. threat unleashed by the government to make way for the
multinational hotel chains.
ln 1975, the New Mangalore Port became operational.
However for reasons unknown, a part of Thanneeru Bhavi The people of Thanneeru Bhavi are 'no people'according to
remained out of the port zone, though the land was vested the democratic government and its agencies, since most of
with the Port Trust, Thanneeru Bhavi remained undisturbed them do not even possess ration cards and manv of the huts
except for a small portion where a guest house was built. are not bearing numbers.In short, most of the people of
Thanneeru Bhavi are non-existent in the world, according to
Later the land was transferred to the Karnataka Industrial government records. In the last five decades after
Area Development Board (KIADB). Though under KIADB, independence, development never reacheci Thanneeru Bhavi,
this part of Thanneeru Bhavi was never used for Industrial now the poor people of this area are asked to get out to make
activity except for a small ship-breaking unit which had to be way for 'development' of the area.
closed due to the resistance of the fishing community which
alleged that the fish caich was decreasing in the region due to Recently, a road was built in the area and the people of
the impact of the unit on the marine ecosystein. Thanneeru Bhavi never realised this would be the road for
their exit from the area. Poverty was the problem of the
The people of Thanneeru Bhavi continued to live there even people of this area but they managed to survive till today.
after transfer of the land to the KIADB. Though the land was Now the government asks them to pack their rags and go to
acquired in 1958, the people have paid land revenue (land tax) somewhere else. The merciless government machinery has
till 7974, when the government refused to accept it without kept these people for the last 30 years in suspended animation
stating the reasons. and since the land is acquired land, no one wants to risk any
kind of investment on housing. People do not build houses as Thanneeru Bhavi nore vulnerable to the onslaught of the
any time the arrow of eviction will be shot at them. greedy resort developers. Other developments in Dakshina
The Thanneeru Bhavi community has knocked on all the doors Kannada prove that the Government is hell-bent on offering
in the past, from the District Commissioner (DC) to the Chief larid to the indushialists.
minister, to get justice. Their appeals for land rights had been The sovereign power of every state has the authority to
shoved into the dustbin by the government agencies. But they appropriate for purposes of public utility, lands situated
got sack full of assurances and promises, and the suspended within the limits of its local jurisdiction. This power is termed
animation continues...! in the United States as 'eminent domain'. The principle
When some of the activists and the leaders of the Thanneeru underlying appropriation by the State of private property is
Bhavi community met the present DC to get a clear statement that appropriation must be for public utility or public purpose
on Thanneeru Bhavi, they were told that sooner or later, as it is called in India. What does public utility mean? Is it the
displacement is inevitable as the land belongs to the KIADB. utility of some privileged class? Who is the public to be
And he was kind enough to make yet another promise;'The benefited ? Does'public'mean only those who are wealthy
land had already been acquired and therefore compensation of enough to wander around the globe in five-star luxury?
any kind is impossible, but under humanitarian considerations Here are some questions asked by the people li.ving in
either three or five cents of land (depending on the Thanneeru Bhavi.
availability) can be given to the displaced wherever that is Why shoulil the people gioe up their lanil?
available.(Perhaps the land would be available in the deserts
Why shoulil they go to some rehabilitatiofl area which is far
of Rajasthan!).
away ftom their place of zaork anil source of sustenance?
The Bootha Gudis of Mugeras, the 50 year old church and the
hundred year old mosque and the old Muslim school prove If only a small piece of lanil is gizten as a rchabilitation
package, wherc shoulil they go lor the money that is requireil
that the people have been living here for a long time
peacefully though in extreme poverty. In the last 30 years to builil a house...?
people have enhanced the value of the land in terms of How can the Goaernment ot the Inilustrialists justify a
fertility and cost. But the bureaucracy has turned a blind eye tourist resott which only caterc to the neeil of the few filthy
to the reality in Thanneeru Bhavi. The ever increasing land tich at the cost of the ight to life of the thousanils of people
value and its proximity to Mangalore city has made Iizting in Thanneeru Bhaoi..,? a
.,iii,tffi*;:#
+
€quqttons
NOW AVArr"{BtB AT EQUATTONS
A slide tape presentation on Bekal
Format-Video (VFIS) 25 mins.
Produced by : Eq-IMAGES
Camera : Natesh Ullal
Script : Anita Ninan
Narration : Anita Ninan and K T Suresh
Graphics ; Dhanaraj Keezhara
Research: EQUATION S Docttmentation
Sugge ste d C ontribution
BEGKOINS,,",,",, brstitution Rs.500
Ind ividuals/ Activists Rs. 350
Bekal, a small town in Kasargod district of Kerala with a support and solidarity was sought from groups and
historical fort set on its golden sands,is all set to surrender 1000 individuals of other regions. To make this possible it was
acres of space, along its coastline for a major tourism project necessary to generate inJormation packages on Bekal. It is in
proposed by the Government. Since the announcements of the this context the EQUATIONS has produced an audio-visual to
project few years ago, there have been qontinued resistance disseminate'inforrnation and raise support and awareness in
from local groups, These low key local resistance may not be a and to the local movement. This haJ6een culled out of the
hurdle on the path of the mighty planners. Therefore, the existing slide resources collected over two years.
ca,rnpai ilDtt
enJ rwr gDnawy
lllinn Rto
he Fourth World Conference on Women at Beijing was opinion it was want and insecurity that drove women across
held amidst controversy and debate; yet it was the largest borders towards degredation and sexual exploitation. It is fear
gathering of women since the U.N. Decade of Women of persecution that makes it impossible to live even within the
began in 7970. China and its forward looking policies with family in peace and free from fear. There were no gender
regard to the emancipation of women was a motivating factor. barriers that could not be overcome she felt, as she referred to
Despite the propaganda on China's human rights record, most her own experience in leading the democracy movements in
participants felt inspired by Chinese women and their Myanmar.
achievements in the period between 1970 and 1995. This
inspite of Ms. Clinton's repeated reference to female Winnona La Duke, co-chair of the Indigenous Women's
infanticide and the Western Media's search for abandoned Network, a member of the White Earth Reservation,
girls as ln indictment of China's one child family policy. Minnesota, U.S.A. spoke about the disregard for the rights of
indigenous people, numbering 500 million, by industrial
Indian delegates to the NGO forum felt safe, secure and society. The decision makers at the U.N. are not the 1000 yrs.
welcome at Beijing. The China Organising Committee took on old nations but 180 nation states with a history of 200 yrs.
the immense task of housing, transporting, organising Most decisions are made, she said by the 42 transnational
workshops, feeding and entertaining (170 cultural events) the corporations whose annual profits exceed the GDp of many
20,000 women who began to arrive at Huairou on 29th countries. Rights are therefore not human oriented but based
August. One lakh volunteers from Schools and Universities, on wealth and power.
who had undergone 1 month training prior to the conference,
were on hand to answer questions, guide and help the The 1995 Human Development Report written by Muhbubal
delegates round the clock. A fleet of buses and taxis connected Haq, provided key insights into the status of women: farming
Huairou to Beijing, with the highway between the two cities is largely a female occupation in Third World Countries, yel
97.60/o of the senior administrators are men. Women have
being kept clear to ensure speed. Regular time-tables were
delivered to the delegates to ensure that time was not wasted.
joined the work force in large numbers yet hold only 1% of
Language was a problem, but we all managed to get where the_executive positions. The male bias in employment, training
we wanted, thanks to the smiling and cheerful volunteers. and promotion rules out access to wealth and resources bv
women. Similarly, in education women are falling behind ani
The forum was a lively, often creative and very militant event, are culturally pushed into subordinate areas of knowledge.
although the U.S. and European feminist perspective was
rather over represented. Some of the grass root workers who The challenge before women at Beijing was to work out a plan
had been sponsored by the C.C.U. faced cultural shock and of action that would confront the model being promoted by
disorientation with the scale of the forum and the language of the Global Government, which is beholden to its constituencv
the discussion. Many were used for ayah duty by their of international organisations like the World Bank, the I.M.f .
benefactor. Indian delegates held fast to their sectarian and the W.T.O.
position and did not network amongst themselves and many Gita Sen of DAWN said that womens' lives have been shaped
delegates complained of the lack of solidarity amongst the by three economic developments:
large Indian delegation. Inspite of these problems grass root
a) Priority to economic growth rather than human well-being
workers mingled with academics, the media and professionals
with an equal sense of commitment and status. b) the debt crisis in poor countries
Although the weather remained unfriendly, the Forum went c) Uneven distribution of the fruits of development
ahead without disruption. The agenda, to see the world She pointed out the speed
through the eyes of women was never lost sight of. It is not
with rvhich technology was being
adapted and the changing use of womens labour acrosi
the prerogative of men to bring light to the day, said Aung
borders in electronics, sex tourism and migrant work.
San Suu Kyi, in her keynote address, at a moving opening
ceremony. 4,000 women packed the Convention Centre at Winnie Karagua Byanyma from Uganda asked: Who designs
Huairou (capacity 1500) to hear her video presentation as she adjustment programmes? Who benefits? Are free markets
kept vigil with Myanmars democracy movements at home. really free? How global is the global economy?
Gender equality was .linked with peace, human rights, Charlotte Bunch, U.S.A. noted that women were the original
tolerance and economic security. The nurturing role of women "other" and violence against women had caused a major shift
was needed not only by the family but society at large. Where on the understanding of human rights to include the rights to
men are secure, she said, women are highly valued. In her life, to exist, to food, to freedom, from violence at home and
in the street, to work and to political power. She wanted
Teachers at College of Vocational Studies, Delhi llniversity and is a women to provide a third option - an altirnative to global
member of the Programme Sub Committee, EQUATIONS. hegemony and regressive conservatism.
10
While the U.N. talked, the Forum acted. Thousands of
delegates marched in pouring rain to demonstrate against U.S.
imperialism when Ms. Clinton came to address the Forum on
carnpai
September 6th to set the records straight on the U.S.
infringement of human rights at home and abroad. While
Governments and Lobbyists worked out a consensus at the
Beijing Convention Centre the participants to the Forum
returned with information, analysis, data and a plan of action
to push governments around the world in the right direction.
Equations led a workshop on international Tourism and
worked out a strategy with representatives from five
continents. The discussed how to:
1. ensure a ban against the promotion of sex tourism Silmce
2. to ensure peoples participation in tourism plan and
targets.
3. to focus of the role of women and the impacts of tourism Too rnany uo'ilten
on their lives and livelihood and to look particularly at in too many countries
the case of indigenous women. speak the sarne language
of silence.
4. to resist S.A.P. and to end the unequal exchange in
tourism for the Third World. My grandmothn was alway silent
5. to compensate women and communities that had suffered always aggrined, -
from Tourism development. only hn husband -had the cosmic right
(or so it was said)
6. to network with like minded organisations and
individuals to analyse, study and inform each other on the to speak and be heard,.
impacts of tourism.
ThE say it is d,ifferent now
(After all, I am always uocal
and m,y grandmother thi.nks
I talk too much)
Bzd sometimzs, I wond,er.
Tt
When a trotnan giues hn loae,
as rnost wornen d,o, generously
it is accepted. -
When a uornan shares her thoughts,
as soTne uornen do, graciously
it is allowed. -
When a uomo,n f.ghts Jbr pouer,
as all women would like to.
quietly or loudly
Whereas sexual and reproductive rights were the mission of it is questioned.
western women, the cause of economic sovereignty and And, yet, there rnust
womens rights to life and livelihood were raised every where
be freedom -
iJ'ue are to speak.
by third world women. The broader impacts of international
tourism on women was raised at all the workshops dealing And yes, there must be power -
with trafficking, prostitution, sexual exploitation, politics and if we are to be heard.
structural adjustment by EQUATIONS. A'nd when we haue both
(freed,om and power)
EQUATfONS, has begun to look more explicitly at the impact of
let us not be misundsrstood.
tourism on u)omen, and to collaborate both to make tourism part of
utomen's agenda and Taomen a more prominent part of the tourism lUe seek only to gfue uords
agenda. The time is especially ripe because overall questions about to those uho cannot speak
tourism policy and actiztism are being redefined. This utas with the (too many wornen
qbjectioe of wanting to articulate the complexity of tourism as a 'in too many countries)
wornen's issue, in collaboration with women concerned about such
issues in India, but with the oaerall aim of creating links with the
I seek only to forget the soryous
women's moaement,
of my grandnxoth.er's
silence.
As follow up of the Women's Conference at Beijing, and for our
a
programme on Women and Tourisnt, EQUATIONS is holding a
preparatory meeting of South-East Asian Women in April nt
Bangkok. Like wise similar meetings wiII be held by our netri)lrk Anasuya Sengupta
friends in Europe and United States. March 1995
a
11
cornpal
FnrlsntnitsAgrllrr*ttrlu4r*m
lech lletu
rrr
I
women's issue, the police ridicule and ignore us", complained
Ms. Subaida, an activist in the area which had witnessed the
I ourism, slated for a global growth of around 20 per cent gang rape of a woman, possibly with the collusion of her
this year, faces opposition from quite an unexpected quarter
husband, in Kannor Kotta, a tourist spot.
in Kerala - Women.
"Women's issues are being privatised", said Ms. Ajitha. She
The women, especially the impoverished and the marginalised
added that tourism is neocolonisation and not people-
have raised their banner of revolt under the umbrella of
oriented. "Tourists come for leisure and pleasure. Kovalam is
INSAF.
a concrete example of the destructive impact of tourism where
It is for the first time in the country that women are drugs, alcohol, and prostitution flourish".
mobilizing io fight the evils of tourism, which, according to Women have begun to cry out for an alternate tourist policy
them, debase women. They are inspired by the women's where their lives, morals, and lifestyles are not upturned, their
mobilization in Andhra Pradesh, fuelled by the alcoholic value system is not disrupted.
abuse of wornen, which had, in part, helped fell the Congress
Government there. World tourism is flowing towards the Far East even as around
85 million domestic tourists are eligible to indulge their
Representatives of women's organisations assembled at a State itching feet.
seminar organised by INSA-r- at Kanhangad in North Kerala
with poet-activist Sugatha Kumari at the helm, declared war "Child sex is also on the increase, with German chartered
against tourism from no less a place than Bekal, which heads tourists focused solely on this" , a speaker pointed out.
the tourist agenda of Kerala. They were unanimous that the Government is impotent to rein
Bekal is expected to be the second largest tourism heaven in
in prostitution, especially in the corrupt law-enforcing system
Asia, with a multi-crore investment. And it was here that of Kerala.
these women congregated to lift their bangled fists against the A battery of statistics buttressed their apprehensions about
possible exploitation of women and the likely dilution, it not women's safety in a torrrism-oriented culture. The US has
loss, of Kerala's ethnicity. experienced a 560 per cent increase in violent crimes, 419 per
cent increase in divorce, 300 per cent increase in children
Says Sugatha Kumari:"We don't want Kerala io be another
under single-parent custody, and an 80-point drop in
Thailand. We swear that we'll treasure the culture of Kerala
scholastic aptifude test scores. It ranks first among murders,
and will not allow any foreign influence to dilute it".
rapes and obsession with individual fulfillment.
Speaker after speaker reiterated that tourism would herald not "We don't want the infiltration of this type of foreign culture,',
only drugs and liquor, but also prostitution, a la Thailand or Kuinari averred.
Philippines. "What's tourism, if not sex tourism", they asked,
ruling out the possibility of punishment of pimps. Women are also terrorized by the possibility of the import of
AIDS into Kerala. It is in these contexts that the women
Disclaiming possibilities of development or avenues of jobs, decrded to get together to spread awareness about the implicit
the women apprehended displacement of more than 5,000 danger to women in the spread of tourism.
tobacco cultivators of the world-famous tobacco of Bekal-the
only tobacco field in Kerala-and uprooting of thousands of As a first step, the INSAF, which has around 25 member
Dheevara fishermen. organisations in all L4 districts in Kerala, will launch a house-
to-house canrpaign, to enlighten women about the dangerous
But what disturbs the women is the possibility of women possibilities that lurk behind the glamour and glitz of tourism.
descending to the genre of a consumer item for the pleasure Even globally the need to have developmental planning in
tourists. tourism is being stressed.
Women expressed the grouse that any issrre launched by The women's groups plan to organise resistance against the
rvomen are shelved as a women's issue, including atrocities indiscriminate spread of tourism which threatens the cultur^e,
against them. "When we approach a police station with a ethnicity, and mbral fabric of Kerala. a
12
R0074 - (G05) prepared by the Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity
Centre of the Mediterranean Action Plan, with assistance of
On The Enoironmental Masterplan lot the Management of consultants. The document describes, step-by-step the
Beach fi lts Ewhons of Kanataka Coast by T Ananda Rao application of the general approach advocated for the EIA
This report sponsored by the Department of Ecology and procedure. 1991, 7-32 pp.
Environment, Government of Karnataka contains chapters on
Beaches & Estuaries; Resource & Development Perspectives; R0196 - (Gos)
Silvicultural Resources; Industrial Resources; Tourism Maine Protecteil Areas Neeils in the South Asian Seas
Resource Water Resources; Human Resources; Mineral Regton - Volume 2t lnilia
Resources; Status of Environment problems in and around
Beaches; Prospects of Management Action Plans & Perspective The Marine Conservation and Development Reports are
Solutions and Need for Perscriptive Management Policy. Final designed to provide access to a broad range of policy
Report, March 1991, 1-585 pg. statements, guidelines, and activity reports relating to marine
issues of interest to the conservation and development
R0190 - (Gos) community. IUCN, 7993,7-77 pp.
CorcI Reef Managennrt Hanilbook by R A Kenchington &
. BrydgetETHudson R0197 - (G0s)
The Coral Reef Management Handbook has been prepared as Teluk Cenilerazoasih - Maine Consercation Area
the consequence of a resolution of the IJNESCO Workshop on IRIAN - IAYA Management PIan 7988-7992
Research and Training for Coral Reef Management held at This plan presents recommendations for developing and
Manila in May 1981. managing the marine reserve over the first five years of its
The purpose of this handbook is to provide political, existence. The proposed management strategy has been
administrative and technical decision makers who have' designed to establish a strong basic structure for the
responsibility for coral reefs, with the means to ensure that functioning of the reserve on which future developments can
relevant issues are properly considered in the process of be built. It serves as a guide for people involved in the
making or reviewing decisions which affect coral reef. The management of the area. 1987, 1-150 pp.
handbook should enable the decision-maker to assess the
relative merits of developing planning and managements R0204 - (Gos)
resources locally through investment in training or by
Enoironment Problems of the South Asian Seas Region :
obtaining assistance regionally and internationally. For this
purpose a major section of the handbook is devoted to a An Ozterciew
listing of sources of regional and international assistance and This report was prepared by the United Nations Environment
to ensuring that approaches to such agencies are accompanied Programme (UNEP) as a contribution to the development of
by appropriate information. 2nd Edition 1988, 1-321 pp. an action plan for the protection and management of the
marine and coastal environment of the South Asian region.
R01e1 - (G0s)
1987, 1-50 pp.
Action PIan fot the protection anil ileoelopment of the
marine and coastal arcas of the East Asian Region
R020s - (G0s)
This document reproduces the parts of the intergovernmental
meetings convened by UNEP in Manila, 27-29 April 1981 in Creating Cotal Reef Protecteil Areas - A grassroots
Bangkok, 9 - 11 December 1981 as the final stage of the conseroation issue action guide
preparatory work leading to the adoption of the Action Plan This guide includes an overview of the entire protected area
for the protection and development of the marine
environment and coastal areas of the East Asian Region at
creation process
discussion of human - with principles and guidelines; a
threats to coral reefs; means for
these meetings. 1983, 1-15 pp. attracting political, technical and administrative assistance;
R0193 - (Gos) and methods for developing, managing and implementing a
protected area pian. 7997,7-74 pp.
GESAMP: Principles
for ileoeloping coastal zoater
quality criteia
This document has been prepared by the ]oint Group of A0s89 - (G0s)
Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution Coastal Zone Management in Tamil Nailu State, Indiaby R
(GESAMP) sponsored by the UN, UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, Nataraian, S N Dwivedi & S Ramachandran
wHo, wMo,IMo,IAEA. 1984,7-25 pp. This is a crisp and comprehensive summary of some
R0194 - (Gos) important status papers and other information on coastal
processes to create public awareness about coastal problems,
Enoironmental Impact Assessment: Sewage treatment plant to help in enunciating suitable policy for responsible coastal
for Pott Said zone management, to prevent further deterioration of the
The analysis of the case study and the description of the coastal environment and above all for responsible utilisation
procedures used in the environmental impact assessment were of our coastal resources.
13
which was pushed into a higher income bracket. The newly
Scnibbtr Rncr To affluent Indian tumed up his nose at Ootv lake and the Brindavan
Gardens; he would have nothting less than the Andamans.
Singapore, Mauritius and South Africa became the'in'destinations
U n snnrh Pnnnd isr that were actively promoted by the travel columnisb.
Travel writers ditched the good old middle class and started
catering to the elite. There has to be a reason why they switched
loyalties. The reason becomes apparent once you look at what a
C K Dfeeu
typical travel piece contains: description of scenery, a bit of local
history, list of hotel facilities and shopping opportunities... But wait
sn't it peculiar how the travel sections of all newspapers a minute. What happened to the earlier lofty motives of enriching
and magazines look pretty much the same? You could one's experiences, of getting to know about different cultures? The
easily mistake one beadr, monument or mountain lake for stress today is on luxury stay. The Indian yuppy would rather
the other. wallow in a hotel swimming pool or play golf than sweat it out on
a dusty road to look at some old stone temple.
If travel articles tend to sound like clones of one another that's
because their writers go down the same beaten track. It is a path The chicken-or-egg question pops up: was it people who started
that was first laid out by white explorers of "dark" continents. The giving precedence to holidays ensconced in plush hotels, or was it
travel writer of today is really a Marco Polo "discovering" new and the travel writer, encouraged by the hotel industry, who started
exotic places and thrilling his readers with accounts of his exploits. plugging them? Whatever the answer may be, there is no denying
that the travel writer has completely ignored the needs of the low-
But let us not get carried away. Our travel writers face none of the
life-threatening situations that their forbears did. However, they budget tourist.
appear to have one aim in common - commercial gain for their Meanwhile, the hotel industry which had been cashing in on the
patrons. If European explorers were sent forth on the high seas by tourist influx found itself in need of new venues, since competition
kings and queens/ many modem travel writers are backed by ttre was stiff. This could possibly explain why the travel writers began
hotel and tourism industries. to home in on "unspoilt" places: virgin beaches, crystal clear lalies,
In several cases, such patronage is blatantly evident, as when a
island paradises. His article inevitably ended with a call for
someone to "develop" the place. That someone, of course, is either
large newspaper sends its staff on freebies, including foreign
junkets, sponsored by this or that hotel chain. Freelance writers too the tourism deparbnent or the hotel industry.
have realised that the tourism deparhnent is eager to smooth their Does he ever raise the question of whether his great get-away can
way, and the hotel industry quick to offer free hospitality, in retum rlut"i" a large number of tourists? What is the carrying capacity of
for a write.up. the place? Is it an environmentally fragile area which would be
But travel writing was not always part of the tourism package. In destroyed by large scale development? What are the problems of
the days before tourism became big bwiness, people havelled only the local people? Do they welcome the prospect of a horde of
to get from point A to point B. During the children,s summei visitors inhuding on their land?
vacations, middle class Indians would descend upon their relatives, These are the questicns that should be but are never asked by the
houses. Bed and board were thus free, and sightseeing was limited modem travel writer. The genuine travel piece should capture the
to an evening out to "see the town". essence of a place without resorting to stereotyped observations. It
As society and the economy changed, travel becarne serious should be sensitive to the feelingp of the local 'hosts,, rather than to
business. It became tourism. The Indian tourist started emulating the indiscriminate demands of the tourist "guests,,. a
his western brethren; he travelled in order to expand the mind and
provide an educational experience for his children. Tours to historic
monuments - the Tai or Khajuraho or the Ajantha-Ellora caves
became popular. The domestic tourist visited the Ivladurai
Meenakshi temple not only to pray but to admire its architectural
MINDS
MANAS IilFOBMANOil iIETTTOBK AIIID DOCUMEilTANOil SERVICE
beauty. As life in the urban jungles grew more hectic, the Indian 1/2985 A, Rithika Apartments
tourist discovered the soothing qualities of nat.ure; mountains, East H|II Road, Kozhikode 6ZJ 005
forests and rivers were eagerly sought after.
Keralam Ind,ia
The tourist was not very particular about where he stayed; any MINDS is the result of collective thinking by a group of concerned
local lodging house which was cheap and reasonably clean would individuals for a centre for collecting, documenting, networking
do. Travel columns emerged, reflecting this newfound wanderlust. and dissemination of news and views in Keralam. The centre
The writers would describe the tourist spots as well as provide proposes to inpart information on issues like human rights,
information on distances, bus or train rates, hotel tariffs and so on. peoples movements, women's issues, consumerism, tourism,
environmental issues, cultural action and sustainable
Businessmen, engineers and bank employees, joint families and development.
honeymooning couples, all swarmed towards the new pleasure
The centre would undertake News Ctippings Service on issue/
resorts. Overcrowding ruined their original charm but travel
group specific in addition to the general, on request. The centre
writers still kept writing about them and people still kept coming. would also facilitate critical research, surveys and investigation on
However, travel writing underwent a sea change during the past issues in Keralam and outside and also act as a network point and
decade. It coincided with the influx of wealth into the middle class, collaborator for groups and movements who share the approach
and concern of the centre.
MINDS will be the centre of reference for EeUATIONS
lournalist, at Asian College of lournalism and a member of
teaches
documentation, research and tourism activities in Keralam.
the General Body o.f EQUATIONS.
I4
Enlightment whicfi it seems only ia,v Westerners know about).
But not necessarilyl In a time where through self-reinforcing dynamics,
western "modernization" takes place all over the world, where T.V., Video,
and Western life-style will penetrate to the remotesl village, traditional
performances will be on the brink of extinction. Perhaps post-traditio.nal
Thank you fur the ANI-etter Volume 4 lssue 'l , August 1995 and the enclose.d performances even as staged presentations could create a new form of
poster. We have published the poster in our office, expression of culture. The sensed threat of exploitation and negalive
consequences of the iniust tradeoff should not oversee the potentials and
I congratulate l,-atheef Kizhisseri on his very important article 'An possibitities. The post-industrial industry tourism and all its implicit effects
Understanding of Tourism's Future'. remains ambivalenl and ambigious. This will become more and morB
J. Basu Roy Chowdhury significant in tho years to comel
Tralnlng Task Group, Calcutta As an economist I realised lhe limitation of analysing in marginal costs (e.g of
dissemination of cultural event) or incentives for culiural transaclions.
I am thanKul br your ANlrtter. I am tuly interested in the su$ect and I really Symbols are always different and more lhan economic analysis can say
feel hopeful to learn of 'Equations". However, I am not very clear about the about. To combine cost-benefit analysis with the special intrinsic socio-
way you intend to go about things. My perception is that the maior obiective of cultural relationship would adapt those codes and interests according a
'Equations' is to seek promote tourism within the parameters of indigenous certain, infuential scheme of evaluation. To apply the rational of economic
culture and with due consideration to indigenous people. I have my terms and evaluation criteria can gloss over hermeneutical and
reservations here. I do not bolieve that this can ever be achieved becauso phenomenological qualities of cultural events, Errol will be interested in to
tourism and indigenous culture exist and move in entirely different spheres. rescue.
When tourism gets in, it reaches its momentum and then, ib c-limax and there Indeed the cultural aims of the host have an "independent'moral worth and
will be no place for 'lndigenous culture' there. Tourism is basically a exacdy therebre we should be cautious in taking them into economic account
mark€tting concept, the main idea in any kind of tourism, whether when fsmulating a host oriented tourism policy or evaluating the
commercialised or not, is to sell a destination to prospective lou.ists. In order phenomenon of tourism with non-economic crlteria.
to achieve its sales, a destination must be groomed/proiected iust like any The elglicit concem for the process of what is going on in the meeting (which
other produc{ in the market. No matter how much we W to promote tourism is not always an exchangel) can best be reached with a phenomenological
within the confines of indigenous culture/mileau, comes a time when we will and hermeneutical approach, respectively, a perception and language which
have to make a compromise. sees and speaks from th€ "host'. (fhis requires as well an investigation of
All in all, tourism is an industry and industry means making money. How can the status of how people "being travelled' become what then is (from whom?)
we hope to preserve our culture when the question of money arises? called 'host". We should try to understand the complex conneclions of daims
I belong to the Khasi tribe, a maior tribe in Meghalaya. We are a matrilineal and responses, expectations and concrete treatment in intercultural inter-
society and have a rich cultural heritage, one of which is the unique 'Sacred actions. The int€rdimension needs a a thinking which can not be reached
Grooves' - virgin brests that remain untouched since time immemorial. I am with a methodological individualism. And the quality dimension involved
afraid il such a place comes in the tourist map, it will be the end of the requires regard for embodied-perceived and linguistic-symbolic processes
Groove, the end of Culture. which constitute the meeting.
I therefore believe that our culture should remain what it is and let tourists
Wendelln Kupers
decide for themselves what they wish to s€e. Those truly interested may Germany
experience our culture in whichever way they want. But it would be wrong to
bring people in batches to see the Sacred Groove or the Nongkrem Dance.
Loreta Kharmawphlan
Shlllong, ileghalaya
Wonkskop or
Thanks for tho latest ANLett€r. Like life EQUATIONS flows through that
various avataars you traced back Down The Memory [ane. lwelcome very Susmimbk Tounism hirilrivrs
much that Central American winds, storms and forecasts blowing into the
hence more international voice of EQUATIONS. The article on the bribing of
, Hinlchd Pmdsh
Kovalam expresses a shocking praxis which certainly is reality in lots of other ORGAMSEDBY
business and future lGvalams too. . Equations, Bangalore
Nina's known voice speaks in her article on the imporiant feminist movement o Department of Tourism, Govemment of Himachal Pradesh
and a critical comment on the Social Development Summit. (How to see .
mental blind spots? How to see clearly when being eye washed?). We all
State council for Science, Technology & Environment,
Himachal Pradesh.
fight the threat of a world wide genocide! Arun Nag's article offered a poelic
and sensitive description of the tourism around Tagore. What offence for this
a International centre for integrated mountain development,
independent thinker and great poet... Nepal.
r NYAMSO, Spiti Tourism Management Society.
Enol D'Souza is raising the right questions on the quality of the transactions,
and on the normalive dimensions of iustice. Particularly interesting are his oBJECTTVES
considerations on public cultural performances. But the tourist and the e To get the various role-players and decision makers together.
performer are participants of a social universe which creates other post- I
traditional identitiesl They become members of a difierent "community". lt
The workshop will focus on the Sustainable Tourism
Approaches and Initiatives in various mountain areas and
depends on the conditions and organisation whetherthe shared transactions
bring into focus a number of case studies of tourism in
of the multiplied, trans-traditional meanings are an alienation and hence Himachal Pradesh.
negative interference concerning the satistaction of social and higher noeds.
How to determine, from which supposed non-estranged position, what an
o The r,r'orkshop would also seek to address the glaring issue of
alienated conscioness means?
eco-tourism, a term that has come to encompass all sorts of
tourism activities.
I doubt that a cultural performance produces economically understandable
o The broad outconre of the workshop would be an Action Plan
"use-values'. But Errol D'Souza is right in mentioning ihe decisive issue of and schedules for implementation of Sustainable and Equitable
property rights. Aren't the elements of impersonal relations always inherent in
Tourism lnitiatives in HP with focus on Tourism Policy, Govt.
any cultural performance? Using mask, costumes, nondaily representations
Initiatives and Grass root level approaches.
all these are symbolic functions which not iust enter when they are enacted
for tourists! lt is right that mostly the payment as a momentary one will be the This workshop is being held at the Himachal Pradesh Secretariat,
only relationship between tourist and host, and very often will leave no direct Shimla between 14-16 November 195.
trace, misusing the other merely as a commercialized means, disrespecting
that they are ends in their own rights (which would be best Kantian
15
ABOUT US
BY US
Tourism Workshop at NGO Forum,,Beijing community right from the day of acquisition notification
EQUATIONS led a workshop on lnternationalTourism at 23rd May 1968 to the present day. (see page 7 for
the NGO Forum on Women'95, Beijing. Nina Rao, details)
member of the
Programme Sub-Committee of
EQUATIONS led the Workshop and worked out
strategies with representatives from five continents. The National Conference on Development.
issues discussed were :
-
Displacemeqt and R-ehalilitalion : Policy ind
Strategies, Bombay
1) ensure a ban against the promotion of sex tourism.
2l ensure peoples participation in tourism plans and EQUATIONS participated in the above Nationat
targets. Gonference organised by the National Alliance of
Peoples Movements and Tata Institute of Social
3) focus on the role of women and the impact of Sciences, K T Suresh chaired the Working group on
tourism on their lives and livelihood and to look Tourism. Various issues of displacement due to tourism
particularly at the case of indigenous women. were discussed and broad statement of concern and
4) resist S.A.P and to end the unequal exchange in strategies for the future were presented for the plenary
tourism for the Third World. session.
5) compensate women and communities that had Training
suffered from tourism development.
6) network with likeminded organisations
i) EQUATIONS conducted day-long training sessions
and for the participants of the Workshop on Research
individuals to analyse, study and inform each other Methodology (August) and the Sociat Analysis &
on the impacts of tourism. Social Movements programmes of the lndian
EOUATIONS also raised questions on trafficking, Social Institute. Each oithese training sessions
prostitution, sexual exploitation, politics and Structural were tailored to the specific context of the
adiustment at various workshops held there. (see page programmes.
10 for details) ii) EQUATIONS also took a session for the final year
students of the Masters in Tourism Studies,
Pan Himalayan Network, Nepal Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Continuing the work on Himalayan tourism, Shubhendu Pradesh.
Kaushik - NYAMSO: The Spiti Tourism Management iii) Environmental Studtes
Society and K T Suresh (EOUATIONS) visited Nepat.
Discussions were held with International Centre for Shirley Susan, Programme Associate EQUATIONS was
lntegrated Mountain Development (lClMOD), King in the United States at the Au Sable lnstitute of
Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (its famoui Environmental Studies, Michigan for a course in
Annapurna Conservation Area Project) and HIMAL, Environmental Studies between July 21 and September
Himalayan Magazine. (see box for details) 9, 1995. The courses she undertook were a) Natural
Resources Practicum; Global Development and
Ecological Sustainability b) Restoration Ecology.
Workshop on Lald Lavys, Policy & Practice, The focus of the first course was ecological
Bangaloie sustainability and sustainable society in the context of
various factors that are bringing environmental
The Human Right Service Department of the Indian degradation and impoverishnrent of people and
Social Institute conducted a workshop on the above in cullures. The second course which is Restoration
October. This workshop looked at the historical Ecology applies ecological principles and environmental
perspective of land ownership, land-use and land ethics to
redeeming and restoring damaged
reforms. The workshop analysed the various land laws ecosystems and endangered species.
governing land-use, acquisition, transfer etc.
EQUATIONS made the presentation on land acquisition Documentation
in relation to tourism - an overview, practises and The Documentation Cell of EQUATIONS has been
strategies for tho futurg. The case of Thanneeru Bhavi through a few changes. The classification code has
was presented by the students of SDM law college been reworked upon. Each clipping in the Cell will
Mangalore and School of Social Work Mangalore. henceforth be itemised on the computer with the help
Mr.Anthony (ll MSW) of School of Social Work who is of the CED package. Ms. Sarita N. Deshmukh has
actively involved with the Thanneru Bhavi community been assisting us in the changes with documentation
presented the background of the problem with special as well as itemising all the clippings in our Cell from
emphasls to the pllght of the Thanneeru Bhavi 1985 onwards.
l
Publi"tludbyEguit4b}e!'ouI9!!-9r!i!!tt^@!w^noNg)'Pol!Bu'847,BangaloreNDIAPInn.e:080-5282313,Fax:080-5282627(Attn.020),Tehr:0845-8600
Coble: EQUATIONS,Ilpeet byVerbaNetuorh &ruicr;s, fungalore 560 U)3 Phone:3346692 and.printedby SupriyaPrilxers,fungolnre