Engr. Eric A.

Toledo
Telecom. Training Institute
 FTTx
Is a form of Fiber Optic
Communication delivery in
which an optical fiber is run
directly or nearer to the
customer
 Types of FTTx
FTTP – Fiber to the Premises
FTTN – Fiber to the Node
FTTC – Fiber to the Cabinet or
(HFC) Hybrid fiber Coaxial
FTTB – Fiber to the Building
FTTH – Fiber to the Home
 EVOLUTION TO BROADBAND
vDSL
100Mbps

ADSL 2
24 Mbps
Functionality
and
Capabilities ADSL
2 Mbps

ADSL
384 kbps

IDSL
128 kbps

Dial-up
64 kbps

Pre 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004

 TELECOM ETWORK

TRASMISSIO

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

Cross Connect LOCAL ACCESS ETWORK

Cabinet
Local Loop etwork

D
P

Cross Connect
Cabinet

DIG. Main Dist. Frame

SW. (MDF)
FIBER TO THE CABIET
D
P

DLC

M O
T RT R
D D
X XX X BAT
F F

DIG. D O
SW. T RT R
C D
X XX X
C F
 Transport over HFC network
* By using frequency division multiplexing, an HFC
network may carry a variety of services, including
analog TV, digital TV (standard definition and HDTV),
Video on demand, telephony, and high-speed data.
Services on these systems are carried on Radio
Frequency (RF) signals in the 5Mhz to 1000MHz
frequency band.
 FIBER TO THE HOME
HOME
BUILDING

EXCHANGE
ONU O
N Metallic Lead - in
N U
S F
O L T
D T M
E ONU

Optical Fiber Cable Splice Enclosure

SLT - Subscriber Line Terminal

FTM - Fiber Termination Module
OU - Optical Network Unit
OPTICAL ETWORK UIT

LIE CARDS FOR MULTIMEDIA SERVICES

 OPTICAL ETWORK UIT

AC POWER SOURCE

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

METALLIC LEAD IN

OPTICAL FIBER DROP

Outdoor Installation Type

OPTICAL ETWORK UIT

Indoor Installation (Apartment Block)

 OPTICAL ETWORK UIT
I

D
O
O
R

I

S
T
A
L
L
A
T
I
O

 Direct Fiber
Simplest distribution
Each fiber leaving the central office
goes directly to the customer
Provide excellent bandwidth
Very expensive
Use if the service area is very small
The customer is close to central
 Shared Fiber
Each fiber leaving the central
office shared by many
customer
There are 2 competing optical
distribution network
architectures which achieve
this split
 Passive Optical Network
(PON)
Do not use electrically powered
components to split the signal
It uses BEAM SPLITTERS
It can split a fiber into 16, 32, or
64 typically
Several splitters can be
aggregated in a single cabinet
 PON
Beam Splitter cannot provide any
switching or buffering
It is a point to multi point link
It provides broadcast signal, including
to whom the signal is not intended
Up to ONU / ONT to filter out any
signals intended for the customer
Each ONT/ONU must be coordinated in
a multiplexing scheme to prevent
signals from customer colliding at the
intersection
Active Optical Network (AON)
Star Network capable of multicasting
Having multiple splitters housed in the
same cabinet
Rely on some electrically powered
equipment to distribute the signal
Switch, router or multiplexer
Each signal leaving the central office is
directed only to the customer for which
it is intended
 AON
Avoid colliding at the
intersection
The powered equipment
provides buffering
 Common type of AON
EMF – Ethernet in the First Mile
Uses optical Ethernet switches to
distribute the signal
Each switching cabinet can handle
1000 customer, 400-
400-500 is more
typical
Capable up to 100 Mbs
Single-mode Star/Tree Couplers
Multi-mode Star/Tree Couplers