Di Gregorio, S. Nano Restore For Consolidation Wall Painting. 2010

CeROArt
Numéro 6 (2010)
Horizons
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Sara Di Gregorio
Nanorestore® for the consolidation of
wall paintings
Influence of the thermohygrometric parameters and
the presence of saline contamination on the efficacy
of the treatment
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Référence électronique
Sara Di Gregorio, « Nanorestore® for the consolidation of wall paintings », CeROArt [En ligne], 6 | 2010, mis en
ligne le 17 novembre 2010. URL : http://ceroart.revues.org/index1716.html
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Nanorestore® for the consolidation of wall paintings 2
Sara Di Gregorio
Nanorestore® for the consolidation of wall

paintings
Influence of the thermohygrometric parameters and the presence of
saline contamination on the efficacy of the treatment
I thank the CSGI consortium - University of Florence and in particular Dr. Piero Baglioni,
Dr. Luigi Dei, Dr. Rodorico Giorgi for making available facilities, labor and time for the
realization of this research. Dr. Andreas Küng and Dr. Cristina Mosca (SUPSI, Lugano)
for their valuable collaboration in this research and Mr. Ezio Pesenti (SUPSI, Lugano) for
constant help in the laboratory. We thank the restorer Marco Somaini (SUPSI, Lugano) and
the company Habilis Restauro s.n.c. for providing sites for case studies. We also thank Dr.
Filippo Gambinossi, Dr. Michele Baglioni, Dr. Lorenza Bernini, Dr. Marcia Carolina Arroyo
(CSGI, Florence) for assistance in the laboratory.
Introduction
1 The presence of water is one of the main causes that influence the degradation of porous
structures, such as murals, together with all the preparatory layers associated with them. The
water has a very important role in the channeling, solubilization and crystallization of salts,
because of its mobility in the porous system. The mechanisms which engage have a strong
dependence on temperature and humidity conditions and are determined by phenomena of
infiltration or capillary rise within the walls, condensation and percolation in the paint surface.
2 Nanorestore® - based on the mechanisms of nanolime dispersion in isopropyl alcohol1-
represents an innovative solution for the consolidation of wall paintings. The treatment can
restore some of the material lost due to degradation, replacing it with a substance identical
to the binding medium of the artifact; therefore this treatment is entirely compatible with the
mural paint.
3 If, for example, the wall painting has problems of decohesion and does not have sufficient
resistance to withstand cleaning, the consolidating material needs to fulfill the role of
pre-consolidating. It is important to understand, therefore, whether the material used for
consolidation has good results even in a system not yet stabilized. In particular, questions
can be raised in cases of decohesion, whether the consolidating material does not exert an
inhibitory effect in conditions of high salt contamination.
4 When pre-consolidation tests were performed on a study site used during the course of
Master of Conservation and Restoration SUPSI, it was observed that in a situation of high
concentration of nitrate salts on the surface, the use of Nanorestore® gave very positive
responses. It is assumed, therefore, that the presence of hygroscopic salts could affect the
kinetics of crystallization of calcium carbonate formed from hydroxide, slowing the process
of carbonation, giving the finished product the best characteristics.
5 To test this hypothesis, we tried to reproduce similar situations in the laboratory, providing
a standard system to work on. Samples were made to simulate a state of crumbling paint;
they were contaminated with different salt solutions and consolidated with Nanorestore ®.
Additionally, a series of specimens were not treated in order to have materials allowing a
comparison between the treated systems and the untreated samples.
6 Given the results obtained in the laboratory, we subsequently sought to verify the results on
real cases. Surface heterogeneity and the impossibility of obtaining a significant amount of
specimen material because of the destructive nature of the sampling was probably the reason
for not achieving comparable results in situ with proven laboratory research.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
7 The analytical phases of this study were carried out in the laboratories of the consortium CSGI2,
where the product Nanorestore® was developed.
8 Standard system preparation
9 In order to study the influences determined by the different temperature and humidity
conditions and the presence of salts on the consolidation operated by Nanorestore®, a standard
model to work on was prepared on the base of previous experience. The system was designed
with the aim to reproduce the conditions of a mural painting that is crumbling.
10 To obtain a system of crumbling samples3, mortars4 were prepared by increasing the volume
of aggregate5 in comparison to the usual proportions and a considerable amount of water was
added to the mix. The layers of plaster were not compacted with manually to facilitate drying
of the mortar and ensure faster carbonation. A layer of burnt umber paint6 was applied to the
dry plaster two days after application of the plaster.
11 After 45 days, a waterproof coating7 was applied on all sides of the samples , except on the
painted surface and some of the surfaces contaminated saline solutions.
12 As shown in (ill. 1), five sets of samples contaminated with salts8.
13 We used salt solutions selected from those most commonly found in walls and characterized
by relative humidity values of medium-high equilibrium (75-80%): sodium nitrate and sodium
chloride. In addition to these single salt solutions, we set up a mixture of the two salts with
the addition of selected bi-hydrate calcium sulfate (gypsum), which is mainly responsible for
the degradation of salt-contaminated murals.
Fig. 1 Overview of the types of samples studied
Credits : S.di Gregorio

14 The solutions prepared for this study were:
• 5% solution of sodium nitrate;
• 5% solution of a mixture of salts consisting of one volume of the 5% sodium nitrate
solution , one volume of a 5% sodium chloride solution and one volume of a saturated
solution of bi-hydrated calcium sulphate9;
• 5% solution of sodium chloride.
15 The amount of solution applied was equivalent to 5% of the total weight of the sample. In order
to ensure that the distribution of salts occurred consistently over the actual painted surfaces
affected by salt damage, we adopted the system followed by Konrad Zehnder and Andreas
Arnold10to study the growth of salt efflorescence in samples of mortar. In an environment
maintained at a constant temperature of 20°C, a climate chamber was constructed, in which
samples were placed after “salting”. Samples were kept in the chambers for a week at a
constant relative humidity of 85%.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
16 The consolidation was performed about 100 days after the completion of the samples.
Nanorestore® diluted in isopropyl alcohol11 in a 1:2 ratio was applied with a brush. In total,
the specimens absorbed about 3 ml of suspension, with an average weight gain of 65 grams per
sample. The process of carbonation of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles was followed under
two different conditions of temperature and humidity: a series of samples was subjected to a
relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and another series to a RH of 85%. Thus, the consolidation
process took place in different conditions: those when deliquescence of hygroscopic salts
occurred and those when salts did not exhibit deliquescence. The specimens treated in this
manner were kept in constant temperature and humidity conditions for 45 days according to
the values shown in (ill. 1).
Results
17 To ensure reproducibility, three different samples from each system under consideration were
subjected to a series of laboratory tests. The following aspects were measured:
• capillary rise12;
• vapor permeability13;
• contact angle14;
• surface resistance to scotch tape test
18 In addition the study of surface morphology of the samples by electron microscopy SEM was
conducted in order to make comparisons in behavior among different types of samples due to
the effect of surface consolidation by Nanorestore®.
19 The extent of absorption of water by capillary action was performed on the same sample before
the "salting" treatment and later, after treatment with Nanorestore®. The extent of absorption
is related to capillary porosity of the material. The more porous it is, the more water it will
rapidly absorb. The continued absorption in a porous system involves filling the entire system
according to kinetics related to the size and distribution of pores, which then influence the
phenomenon. The impregnation of the porous structure by capillary pore water occurs first
in larger pores, initially as a sort of coating of the interior walls, and finally completly filling
them. The rate of absorption decreases with time and reaches an equilibrium value where
the amount of water that impregnates the material is matched by gravity and evaporation,
determining the values of capillary absorption, until achieving an asymptote value. The curves
that are obtained in these cases have an exponential trend15. The experimental data shown in
ill. 2 express the amount of water absorbed by the sample before and after treatment with
Nanorestore® and was collected until the asymptotic value was reached.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Fig. 2 Capillary absorption curves of samples
Comparison of capillary absorption curves of samples contaminated with sodium nitrate before and after consolidation,
maintained at a relative humidity of 85%.
20 The final results are expressed in terms of a capillary absorption coefficient CA16. They were
derived from measurements of the curves of the development of capillary water absorption
and from values of the capillary absorption coefficient. The curves on all analyzed samples
pointed to an apparent slowing of water absorption by capillarity and a reduction in the amount
of liquid absorbed by the samples after treatment with Nanorestore®.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Fig. 3 Capillary absorption curves of samples contaminated with a mixture of salts
Before and after treatment with Nanorestore ®, maintained at a relative humidity of 85%
21 Analyzing the trend of the curves for the different types of samples before and after
consolidation with Nanorestore® (ill. 3), it was found that the water absorbed by the specimens
after treatment was reduced by about 1-2 grams ( about 15-20% less) and that the asymptote of
the curves was achieved about 15-20 minutes later than the curves obtained before treatment.
This suggests that the surface re-cohesion happened and changed the surface porosity of the
specimens.
Fig. 4 Highlighted, average changes in the slope
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Average expressed as a percentage of the samples after Nanorestore®

treatment
22 Average changes in the capillary absorption coefficient were determined from values obtained
on each specimen before and after Nanorestore® treatment; a comparison with a baseline was
performed for each investigated sample. The data obtained are represented in ill. 4; they show
a greater reduction in the value of the coefficient of capillary absorption for higher values of
relative humidity because of Nanorestore® treatment.
23 This phenomenon is evident in all specimens except those from the gypsum polluted mixture
of salts, where ratios are reversed. It can be assumed that increasing the value of relative
humidity affects the stage of carbonation as to slow the process enough to ensure the formation
of a very regular and compact crystalline structure of calcium carbonate; thereby the quality
of consolidation is improved. A greater effect should occur (according this hypothesis) on
samples contaminated by hygroscopic salts, whose deliquescence occurs in environments with
relative humidity of 85%.
24 This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by analyzing the behavior of these samples regarding
the phenomenon of capillary rise.
25 Data from samples contaminated with salt mixtures, show that Nanorestore® treatment
produced a significantly smaller effect because the change in the values of capillary absorption
coefficient before and after treatment was even lower than the salt-free sample.
26 With this figure it is assumed that the cause of this phenomenon is due to the presence of
bi-hydrated calcium sulfate. Indeed, if we consider the values of solubility, we realize that
the hydroxide and calcium sulfate have close enough values. It may be assumed therefore
that ion exchange reactions occur, and the subsequent co-precipitation removes hydroxide
in the process of carbonation. That determines a much weakened re-cohesion effect. One
can argue that consolidation with Nanorestore® is not minimally affected by the presence of
saline solutions with RH equilibriums of less than 85%. At such humidity values chlorides
and nitrates deliquesce, and then the wall has a high moisture content. The bi-hydrate
calcium sulfate, however, imparts a partial inhibitory effect, at least with the Nanorestore®
concentrations and quantities, which are usually used.
27 The contact angle measurement allows us to evaluate the wettability of a surface and also
provides guidance on specimen surface tension and capillary phenomenon dependent on
surface features. Considering the action of Nanorestore®, recording data values from this
analysis led to the search, using one of two methods that could assess changes of compactness
and regularity of the surface determined by the consolidation and, in practice, give feedback
on the recohesion of the surface material.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Fig. 5 Highlighted, averaged contact angle of spécimens
Specimens were consolidated with Nanorestore®

28 The collected data (ill.5) show some correspondence, in trend, with the results obtained in
studying the kinetics of capillary absorption.
29 As evidence that the treatment affects the paint surface, the samples that were not treated
with Nanorestore® have an increased surface wettability comparing to all other tested systems
(possibly because the samples have higher surface porosity). The value of the contact angle
of samples that were not treated is not so different from samples contaminated by mixtures of
salts under conditions of 85% RH. In general, a lower wettability of the surface (and therefore a
better strengthening effect) was obtained in samples not contaminated by salts, and in samples
with sodium nitrate, where the treatment was conducted in an environment of 85% RH.
30 Intermediate results were obtained on samples treated with Nanorestore® and contaminated
by nitrate and sodium chloride, and by mixtures of salts, exposed to 50% RH. In general, the
treatment seems to have compacted the surface by reducing the surface tension, making it less
wettable as shown by the increased value of angle for almost all samples.
31 It should be noted, regarding the influence of hygrothermal factors, that an increasing value of
the high humidity conditions (for which is assumed to obtain a better surface carbonation) was
observed only for specimens contaminated with sodium nitrate. An opposite trend is observed
in the presence of mixtures of salts (consisting of nitrates, chlorides and sulfates).
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Fig. 6 Evolution of water loss
Vapor permeability for different types of treated samples.

32 The data derived from the vapor permeability measurements gave indications about the
characteristics of the samples’ porosity. The trend of water loss through permeability was
determined by measurements for each studied sample. We obtained by these data a trend that
is representative of the average values of three samples for each considered type. Ill. 6 shows
appreciable differences between samples consolidated in environments of 50% RH compared
to those consolidated at 85% RH. In particular, a smaller water loss by permeability in samples
consolidated at 85% RH indicates a greater compactness.
33 These results are particularly interesting for the samples contaminated by sodium nitrate,
whose consolidation showed characteristics indicating particularly low water loss because of
permeability. An exception is found for samples contaminated by sodium chloride, where the
water loss by permeability is particularly significant in relation to results obtained by other
measurements.
34 A morphological analysis was also carried out on treated surfaces. We tried to highlight
the morphological characteristics of painted surfaces by SEM microscopy for each type of
specimen.
35 A scanning electron microscope Stereoscan 360 (Cambridge-Oxford) was used for this
purpose. It was possible to observe the irregular surface of the non-contaminated samples and
a lack of consistency of the paint layer on the microscope images (ill. 7). The grains of pigment
used in painting and fillers are visible in some areas because of the lack of binding carbonate,
due to the use of lean mortar.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Fig. 7 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Surface morphology observed at 1200 magnification. Uncontaminated sample not consolidated with Nanorestore®.
Credit : S.di Gregorio
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Surface morphology observed at 1200 magnification. Uncontaminated sample consolidated with Nanorestore® (50%
RH)
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Surface morphology observed at 1200 magnification. Uncontaminated sample consolidated with Nanorestore® (85%
RH)
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Morphology of surfaces observed at 1200 magnification. Sample contaminated with sodium nitrate and consolidated
with Nanorestore® (85% RH)
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Surface morphology observed at 1200 magnification. Sample contaminated with sodium chloride and consolidated
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Surface morphology observed at 1200 magnification. Sample contaminated with mixtures of salts and consolidated
36 When images of uncontaminated samples are compared, we can find after consolidation (ill.
8) a substantial "filling" of the gaps between the grains with a certain strengthening effect
that should be attributed to the carbonation of calcium nanoparticles on the surface .The
strengthening effect seems to be greater in conditions of relative humidity of 85% (ill. 9); in
fact, the surface shows a greater continuity in the paint layer. This result was found regardless
of temperature and humidity conditions in the two samples contaminated with sodium nitrate
(ill. 10). A similar result was not observed on the samples previously contaminated by sodium
chloride (ill. 11). The effect is even less evident for the samples "salted" by mixtures (ill. 12)
containing sulfate salts.
37 Comparing all the images, we can state that, in general, the values of relative humidity of 85%
(being kept constant during the process of the Nanorestore® reaction) lead to carbonation of
nanoparticles, which produces a more compact layer of paint because of the neoformation of
calcium carbonate.
38 The results of adhesion tests performed by the Scotch tape test did not permit to characterise the
treatment regarding the cohesion of the paint film. This is due to the fact that such specimens
were not suitable for sensitivity testing.
The case of bi-hydrated calcium sulfate

39 The work showed some problems about the effectiveness of Nanorestore® consolidation in
samples contaminated by a mixture of salts. An investigation was performed, testing whether
the inhibitory effect on consolidation was due to the presence of calcium sulfate. In particular,
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
it was conjectured that the value of solubility of calcium sulfate, very close to that of calcium
hydroxide, might lead to an exchange reaction between the salt and the Nanorestore® product.
40 It was decided for that purpose to select 6 samples among those already prepared in the
laboratory with a 5% weight of salt in the sample. They were contaminated by a saturated
solution of calcium sulfate and were consolidated with a dispersion17 of Nanorestore® that was
diluted in isopropyl alcohol18 and mixed with a dispersion of strontium nanoparticles19. These
nanoparticles are engaged in an exchange reaction with calcium sulfate, thereby permitting
calcium nanoparticles to lead to consolidation without any other interference.
41 After consolidation, the specimens were kept in an environment of 85% RH and 20° C for
about 45 days.
42 The samples have been studied at the end of the consolidation process by analyzing capillary
absorption, measurement of the angle contact and vapor permeability. The results actually
show a positive response to the consolidation with Nanorestore®, due to the action of
strontium nanoparticles on the exchange reaction with the bi-hydrate calcium sulfate.
43 If the obtained values are compared with those of previously analyzed samples, one may
highlight a response to consolidation similar to that found on the untreated samples, always
considering the margin of experimental error. One can then associate such a result to what has
been achieved in a situation that is not influenced by salts.
Conclusions
44 The research shows that the influence of salts in porous materials results in some inhibition
in the consolidation process with the exception of hygroscopic salts, when the consolidation
takes place in a high relative humidity. Some doubts exist regarding the behaviour of sodium
chloride, due to discrepancies between the results of different analysis. This positive behavior
of salts on consolidation can be explained by the fact that, under conditions of high relative
humidity, the hygroscopic salts that contaminate specimens deliquesce, subsequently causing
a high moisture content not only on the surface (as in the untreated samples) but in the internal
system. One can speculate whether this affects the stage of carbonation to the extent that
the process turns to be slow enough to ensure the formation of a very regular and compact
crystalline structure of calcium carbonate, thereby improving the quality of consolidation. This
process would lead to benefits that would counterbalance problems related to the presence of
salts as well as, in some cases, it would probably provide an advantage in the kinetic process
of consolidation.
45 The problems affecting the effectiveness of consolidation, resulting from the presence of
mixtures of salts, have to be attributed to bi-hydrate calcium sulfate salt. The solubility values
for calcium hydroxide and calcium sulfate are so close20that one can assume ion exchange
reactions take place as well as subsequent co-precipitation, which would remove the calcium
hydroxide from the process of carbonation.
46 A solution to this problem was given by the use of alcoholic dispersions of strontium
hydroxide. This, being more reactive to the bi-hydrate calcium sulfate than the calcium
hydroxide, allows Nanorestore® to perform consolidation without the process being affected
by plaster.
47 These data show that Nanorestore® treatment on murals that are affected by the presence
of hygroscopic salts has no contraindications in conditions when relative humidity is above
85%. The water that is absorbed by condensation of the salt species seems to have a positive
influence on the process of carbonation of the involved particles. In the case of plaster, the
product Nanorestore® shows a lower efficiency, and then a more consistent application in
terms of quantity of material or of a support of alcoholic dispersion of strontium hydroxide
is necessary.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
Bibliographie
AMBROSI, M., DEI, L., GIORGI, R., NETO, C., BAGLIONI, P. (2001). « Colloidal particles of Ca(OH)
2
: properties
and application to restoration of frescoes », in Langmuir 17, p.4251-4255.
ARNOLD, A., ZEHNDER, K. (1991). “Monitoring Wall Paintings Affected by Soluble Salts” in The
conservation of wall paintings. Proceedings of the symposium organized by the Courtauld Institute of
Art and the Getty Conservation Institute, London, July 13-16, 1987. Los Angeles, Sharon Cather Editor,
p.103-135.
ARNOLD, A., ZEHNDER, K. (1989). « Crystal growth in salt efflorescence », in Journal of Crystal Growth
n° 97, p.513-521.
BAGLIONI, P., VARGAS, R. C., CHELAZZI, D., COLÓN, G. M., DESPRAT, A., GIORGI, R. (2006). « The Maya site of
Calakmul: in situ preservation of wall paintings and limestone using nanotechnology » in Proceedings
of the IIC Congress “The Object in Context: Crossing Conservation Boundaries”, Munich, Edited by
David Saunders, Joyce H. Townsend and Sally Woodcock, p.162-169.
BAGLIONI, P., GIORGI, R., (2006) « Soft and Hard nanomaterials for restoration and conservation of
cultural héritage », in Soft Matter, A92, p. 293-303.
CILIBERTO, E., CONDORELLI, G. G., LA DELFA, S., VISCUSO E. (2008). « Nanoparticles of Sr(OH)2: synthesis
in homogeneous phase at low temperature and application for cultural heritage artefacts ». in Applied
Physics, p.137-141.
CROVERI, P., L. DEI, CASSAR, J. (2007). “Metodologie di consolidamento di superfici architettoniche
interessate da Sali solubili. Il caso di studio delle fortificazioni maltesi: valutazione dell’efficacia dei
trattamenti e criticità” in Il consolidamento degli apparati architettonici e decorativi. Bressanone,
Arcadia Ricerche, p.539-549.
DEI, L., SALVADORI, B.(2006). « Nanotechnology in cultural heritage conservation: nanometric slaked
lime saves architectonic and artistic surfaces from decay », in Journal of Cultural Heritage, n° 7,
p.110-115.
GAETANI, M. C., SANTAMARIA, U. (2007) “Studio sperimentale per la valutazione di prodotti protettivi
applicati in situ e definizioni di una metodologia”, In Facciate dipinte. Verifiche sui protettivi e
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Notes
1 Nanorestore® is a registered trademark CSGI protecting the technology developed there and protected
by the Italian Patent No. FI/96/A/000255, filed on 31/10/1996 by CSGI Consortium - University of
Florence.
2 Piero Baglioni, Luigi Dei, Rodorico Giorni Consorzio CSGI-Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino.
3 Samples : dimensions 5cm x 5cm x 2cm, 0.5cm thick plaster and 1.5cm arriccio.
4 Slaked lime Candor Company Adriatic Timbers Ltd - S.S.16 Fasano Brindisi (BR) - Italy.
5 Geniobeton SA - 6532 Castione - Canton Ticino – Switzerland
6 Bresciani S.r.l. – via Breda 142 – 20126 Milano – Italy
7 Type road marking paint “Strassensignierfarbe” RUCO Company Rupf Eichstr & Co AG. 42-8152
Glattbrugg - Canton Zurich - Switzerland.
8 VWR International AG - Lerzenstrasse 16/18 - 8953 Dietikon – Canton Zurich – Switzerland.
9 2g/l
10 Arnold Andreas, Zehnder Konrad, Crystal growth in salt efflorescence, Journal of Crystal Growth,
1989, 97, 513-521.
11 CTS S.r.l. –Via Piave 20/22 - 36077 Altavilla Vicentina – Vicenza - Italy.
12 UNI EN 15801 :2010, Commissione Beni Culturali-Normal, UNI, Milano 2009.
CeROArt, 6 | 2010
15 The trend is described by an exponential equation y = a [1 - exp (-b • √ t)], where the term 'a' is
the maximum amount of liquid that is absorbed by capillary action, it is expressed in kg/m2(contact
surface) ; while 'b', expressed in units t-1/2, is a factor that considers the suction speed and the pore
volume filling, it corresponds to the coefficient of water related to height slope.
16 AC = A/ t*1/2, and expressed in g/(cm2 • s1/2), where A indicates the asymptotic value of water
amount absorbed by the sample, t* is the value in the abscissa of the intersection point between the line
through the asymptote and the tangent to the straight section of the curve (s1/2).
17 Nanorestore : 2 parts by volume, suspension of nanoparticles of Strontium : 1 part by volume,
isopropyl alcohol, 6 parts by volume.
18 CTS S.r.l. –Via Piave 20/22 - 36077 Altavilla Vicentina – Vicenza
19 Concentration 8gr /l
20 Solubility in water at 20 ° C : Ca(OH)2 = 1,7 g /l CaSO4.2H2O = 2,4 g /l
Pour citer cet article

Référence électronique
Sara Di Gregorio, « Nanorestore® for the consolidation of wall paintings », CeROArt [En
ligne], 6 | 2010, mis en ligne le 17 novembre 2010. URL : http://ceroart.revues.org/index1716.html
Sara Di Gregorio
Sara Di Gregorio (1979) performed art studies and graduates at Florence International University
of Art, on frescos restoration. She started working in the field and she engaged in a work at the
Opificio delle Pietre Dure (Florence). In 2008 she enrolled at the Master of Arts in Conservation and
Restoration at SUPSI.
Droits d'auteur
© Tous droits réservés
Résumé / Abstract

Cet article présente les résultats d’un projet de recherches sur l’effet de l’application du produit
Nanorestore®, dispersion de nanoparticules de chaux dans l’alcool isopropylique, pour la
consolidation des peintures murales ; il évalue l’influence des conditions environnementales
externes (UR et présence des sels en particulier) sur le processus de carbonatation.
Mots clés : consolidation, Nanorestore®, nanoparticules, sels, peintures murales

This paper presents the results of an investigation project on the use of Nanorestore®, a
dispersion of nanolime in isopropyl alcohol, used for the consolidation of wall paintings. The
influence of environmental conditions outside the wall (high humidity environments and high
presence of hygroscopic salts) on carbonation process was considered.
Keywords : consolidation, salts, wall paintings, nanoparticles, Nanorestore®
ndlr : Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana - CSGI Consorzio

Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi e Grande Interfase dell'Università di Firenze –
Contact : Giacinta Jean
CeROArt, 6 | 2010

Di Gregorio, S. Nano Restore For Consolidation Wall Painting. 2010

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Nanorestore® for the consolidation of wall

Credits : S.di Gregorio

Fig. 2 Capillary absorption curves of samples

Fig. 3 Capillary absorption curves of samples contaminated with a mixture of salts

Average expressed as a percentage of the samples after Nanorestore®

Fig. 5 Highlighted, averaged contact angle of spécimens

Specimens were consolidated with Nanorestore®

Fig. 6 Evolution of water loss

Vapor permeability for different types of treated samples.

Fig. 7 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Fig. 8 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Fig. 9 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Fig. 10 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Fig. 11 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Fig. 12 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

The case of bi-hydrated calcium sulfate

Pour citer cet article

ndlr : Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana - CSGI Consorzio

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