Peter Abelard (1079–21 April 1142)

''It is by doubting that we come to investigate, and by

investigating that we recognize the truth"
Peter Abelard a French philosopher and theologian whose
fame as a teacher and intellectual made him one of the most
renowned figures of the 12th century. Born in Le Pallet,
Brittany, his French name was Pierre Abélard. The romance
of Abelard and Heloise is better known these days than his
writings. "He wrote a book on the Trinity, called Theologia,
and it aroused considerable controversy, although his
opponents had trouble finding specific statements in it that
they could prove to be heretical. The problems, as nearly as I
can determine, were two," according to James E. Kiefer.
 Pierre Gassendi (January 22, 1592 – October 24, 1655)
"i walk therefore I am"
''was a French philosopher, scientist, astronomer/astrologer,
and mathematician, best known for attempting to reconcile
Epicurean atomism with Christianity and for publishing the
first official observations of the Transit of Mercury in 1631.
The Moon's Gassendi crater is named after him." according
to James Logan High School.

Aristolte (384-322 BCE)

"A friend to all is a friend to none."
Born at Stagira in northern Greece, he spent twenty years of
his life studying at the Academy. He was trained first in
medicine, and then in 367 he was sent to Athens to study
philosophy with Plato.After Alexander's death, Athens
rebelled against Macedonian rule, and Aristotle's political
situation became precarious. To avoid being put to death, he
fled to the island of Euboea, where he died soon after.
 Nicolas Malebranche (Aug. 6, 1638 - Oct. 13, 1715)
"All creatures are united to God alone in an immediate
union. They depend essentially and directly upon Him. Being
all alike equally impotent, they cannot be in reciprocal
dependence upon one another."
French philosopher of the Cartesian school, the youngest
child of Nicolas Malebranche, secretary to Louis XIII, and
Catherine de Lauzon, sister of a viceroy of Canada, was born
at Paris. "He died on the 13th of October 1715; his end was
said to have been hastened by a metaphysical argument
into which he had been drawn in the course of an interview
with George Berkeley." according to NNDB.
 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
"A great part of courage is the courage of having done the
thing before."
"Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose original profession and calling
was as a Unitarian minister, left the ministry to pursue a
career in writing and public speaking. Emerson became one
of America's best known and best loved 19th century figures.
" according to Transcendentalists.

Harriet Martineau (Jun 12, 1802-Jun 27, 1876)

 “You had better live your best and act your best and
think your best today; for today is the sure preparation for
tomorrow and all the other tomorrows that follow”
Harriet was an English writer, Harriet was born at Norwich,
where her father was a manufacturer. She died in The Knoll,
Ambleside, England. She died because of a heart failture.
She was an Unitarian, white author. "Her judgment on large
questions was clear and sound, and was always the
judgment of a mind naturally progressive and Protestant."
according to many other people.

Mary Midgley (Sep 13, 1919)

"One obvious trouble about controversies"
Mary Midgley had studied at Downe House School, Berkshire
and then she attended the Somerville College, Oxford
University.
 John Locke (1632-1704)
“The child repeatedly beaten in school cannot look upon
books and teachers without experiencing fear and anger.”
John Locke was an Oxford scholar, medical researcher and
physician, political operative, economist and idealogue for a
revolutionary movement, as well as being one of the great
philosophers of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth
century. We can, he thinks, know with certainty that God
exists. We can also know about morality with the same
precision we know about mathematics, because we are the
creators of moral and political ideas. In regard to natural
substances we can know only the appearances and not the
underlying realities which produce those appearances.

Erika Bonilla
 Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
"Every man has a right to risk his own life for the
preservation of it."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential
thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century
Europe. Born on June 28, 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland his
first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences
and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest
conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. In this work,
Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and
arts has caused the corruption of virtue and morality.
 Aristocles (428 BCE)
"Any man may easily do harm, but not every man can do
good to another."
The son of wealthy and influential Athenian parents, Plato
began his philosophical career as a student of Socrates.
When the master died, Plato travelled to Egypt and Italy,
studied with students of Pythagoras, and spent several years
advising the ruling family of Syracuse. Eventually, he
returned to Athens and established his own school of
philosophy at the Academy.