Questionnaire

NAME…………. ORGANIZATION……………..

DESIGNATION………………………..

Focus on question and give the possible answer according to your

knowledge and experience. Select the option

1 DISAGREE
2 STRONGLY DISAGREE
3 SATISFIED
4 AGREE
5 STRONGLY AGREE

Question No 1

Control transfer in decision making from higher management to lower

management will positively effected on decisions making and
performance of team.

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 2

Transference of control from higher management to lower

management will cause to increase the training and system
development cost.

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 3

Decartelization creates the motivation in the employees that leads to

decisions right time.

1 2 3 4 5
Question No 4

Due to Quick Management Information system decisions can be done

excellent with out decentralization.

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 5

Organization lose control due to transferring authority to lower

management

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 6

In Work force diversity and different working culture environments

decentralization is beneficial for right decision at right time.

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 7

In decentralization employee feel dissatisfaction due to responsibility

and job burden.

1 2 3 4 5

Question No 8

Senior authority holder employee loses interest in respect of taking

back the powers of decision making.

1 2 3 4 5
Methodology for Research questionnaire

I chose the certain methodologies for answers the question and

information that I have needed for my research work.

Distributing questionnaires direct

I distribute questionnaires to direct respondent where I found the

opportunity for getting more and more information. I also distribute

the questionnaires in my class fellows who are closely connected with

some managerial jobs and acting in the management team. My

respondent in my research program was student, professionals for

getting their comments for more and more information. This method

plays a vital role in my research project on decentralization in

decisions making. This method was excellent, easy and so simple for

getting the required information. In this category my targeted

population was only those who well know the management process

and having the sense of decentralization process in decisions making.

More then average I got the response in this section.

Email

Besides direct distributing the questionnaires I emailed the

questionnaire to more than100 persons in different areas of

the world. I was join yahoo chat room Business and Trade and collect

the addresses of different professionals but response was too much

low. This method response was not satisfactory because every person

don’t like to give the response with out direct meeting. I was chose

this method because it was very economical in research.

On line presenting questionnaire like Interviews

This way was good other than email. Because start from hello to the

respondent with polite manners with perusing them for help in getting
information. This required a long time but I only asked the questions

from few persons round about 10 and getting their view about the

decentralization in decisions making. In this category number of

persons from different professions was involved like managers,

marketers, businessmen and students as well.

Reason for choosing these methodologies

 I carefully planned the useful method for large amount of data

and opinions from relating people due to the shortage of time
and making my research excellent.

 I clear provide an excellent shape to my questionnaire as I asked

in the survey. According to my observation only management

 Related persons, professionals and business student were

beneficial for getting the good information on the right time.

 The basic reason was who are correspondent to answer the

research question and what type of information I have needed
with in minimum time for putting excellence for my research
work.

Action plan

I have made an action plan for my research work. I have done a lot of
work on Decentralization process in decision making. I have done
certain work for my research project work and timing as below.

Phases Work Timing

1st • study literature from course notes 1st week of
study from internet July 2010
• different reports study
• different articles study

2nd • Prepare a questioners 3rd

Week of
• Editing in the questioners July 2010
• Made final questioners
3rd • Distributing questioners by email 4th week of
• Distributing questioners in July 2010
professionals
 • Taking interview
• observing
4th • Collect data 1st week of
• Analyze data August 2010
• Makes a sense for presentation
5th • Present finding and conclusion 2nd week of
• recommendation August 2010

Research Technique

I have used the two methods of research for the solution of the
problem. These methods provide me a great help for the finding.

Primary Research Method

‘’Primary research involves the collection of data 1st time. This

including questionnaires, interviews and observation from others. This
information collected in things like questionnaires and interviews’’

Final Questionnaires

I distribute final questionnaires to the target correspondent like

professionals, managers and business students via Email directly
distribute and collect. I distribute round about in 30 to 40
correspondents for getting more and more finding and suggestions. I
used the technique for the collection of data through email, chatting
with professionals and defining the questionnaires. This area provide
me a great help for the collection of my data and information about
decentralization process in the organization where decisions making
process was difficult in centralization.

Structured Interview

I conduct the interviews of many professionals whose are still doing

the job and those who have closely connected with higher
management. I try my level best for right correspondent for
information I have needed. I asked number of questions and define
every thing which is complicated and difficult for others to under
stand. Due to the shortage of time because I have need of much more
information about decentralization. I visited the number of companies
like, Barkley bank, in city center areas and get the required
information.
Qualitative Data

I also collect the qualitative data for the solution of the problem. I get
the opinions as well as questions for decentralization in an
organization. In this approach I targeted the qualified people in
management and asked about their view about the problem.

Quantitative Data

I collect data through Email from only 40% get the response and get
backed the questionnaires from direct distributed and get feed back
from 20 peoples. I also conduct the structured interview from 20
persons.

Secondary Research Method

‘’Data collected for a purpose other than the one a forecaster may use
it for; sources may include newspapers, press releases, and market
research reports’’

Unstructured interview &study different reports and journals

I conduct the interview of those who are contacted to management

and enjoy the authority in shape decentralization but response in this
process was low. After this I study several reports and making sense
about the problem about decentralization. I also study the several
journals for finding the solution.

Direct Employee Approach

I tried my level best to approach to direct employee but only little

repose I got. I only get about 3 response from city center KMS
management and marketing promotion.
Sampling and Analysis

Random sampling

I used the random sampling for giving the equal importance to total
data because a small amount of data I have collected due to the
shortage of time I want to make a good prediction for my research. It
is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of an
unbiased or random subset of individual observations within a
population of individuals.

Opportunity Sampling

I also used the opportunity sampling technique. Where I found there I

target for getting excellent valid information about my research work.
Some time I go to the offices for meeting with manager about
research work besides this there I collect the view of different person
who was there. This technique also provides me the help for getting
the informative data about the research work.

Qualitative Analysis
I analyze the data according to the category of Qualitative analysis
and quantitative analysis.
For good analysis it is impossible to analyze the whole target
population due to this I select a sampling technique that’s discussed in
previous report. Here I am giving a slight touch to those sampling
technique

In the qualitative analysis I found the certain answers for the

Decentralization process, during the interviews, study the different
report and opinions of the persons.
I used a self driven approach for getting the maximum result I divide
the cretin categories of respondent for making my analysis more
appropriate and valid for solution of the problem.

Different Groups Area of Interest Comments

Management Group Management Decentralization/Processes
Decisions Making Centralization/process
Planning and Controlling Decisions Making

Professional Group Professional in different Multi skills like

areas of business Mangment,Operations and
Decisions maker
Trainers
Promoters
controllers
Business Student Study different Management Management
and Business Subject Human Resource
Information Technology

Observation Management From questions

Marketing Systems of work
Promotion Report study
Feedback Article study

I get the data from different persons that describe in the table. I found
excellent information about management hierarchy in decision making.
I take the interviews; observe many things during interviews,
suggestion and opinions about the process of decisions making in an
organization from transferring control in lower management

Quantitative Analysis

First I count the Average of every Questionnaire and than put in to

action due to the shortage of time for this research work. I used the
Median approach for quantitative analysis. I arranged the data in Un
group formed. I first calculate the average of my correspondent
individually and then put in the practical mathematical way that I think
the best and suit able for the numeric point of view.

Reason for choosing Median

It is most simple and easy way to present data in numerically. This method tell us
the average out come

In this method the chance of errors also reduced.

It is generally accepted every where even child know this

It will give the clear sketch about the finding

X=
3.5,3.02,3.00,3.87,3.99.3.77,3.99,4.01,4.00,4.56,4.35,4.89,4.3,4.5,4.56,4.60,4.64
,4.66,4.70,4.77,4.85,4.87,4.92,4.93,4.98,4.98,4.95,4.96

Formula

Median= N+1/2 the item

Median= 28+1/2 the item

Median= 29/2 the item

Median= 14.5 the item

Median= 14th item +15th item/2

Median= 4.5+4.56/2

Median = 4.53

4th option stands for Agree

5th option stand for strongly Agree

Its mean our result falling in the average people think the decentralization
is positively affected on the decisions making well.
Presentation of solution /interpretation

I present the result that I measure in the research project. That

follows the decentralization process in decisions making.
This analysis decentralization is compulsory in decisions making where
the head offices are faraway from sub offices. In the decentralization
the decisions can be done at right time. Due to the transference of
Authority the employees feel motivation and think internal pride for
empowerment they keep keen focus on their work that leads to
excellent growth and performance. In the decentralization process the
organization must provide the training program to the employee for
developing their skills in the best possible fashion for taking the right
decisions. In this process authority breaks in to bottom level that’s
good for decisions making. Centralize when only a few people are
capable of making good decisions. Sometimes people think
decentralization means automatically pushing all decisions lower in an
organization, whether or not the people at the bottom have the skills
to make the decisions wisely. But such an approach is not
decentralization; it's just stupidity. With some decisions, no matter
how much information you have, you still need special skills or
knowledge to make the right choice

.’’ Most hospital patients, for instance, want well-trained physicians to

make the key decisions about their medical care’’

Areas fo focus in decenterlization

During the research I found certen areas of focus in decenterlization

that leads to good decisions.

o Delegated authority from the top-level management to the lower

levelmanagement must be shown clearly.

o Authority must aligned with responsibility.

o Areas under control must be established and must be suitable

with the number of employees and duties.
 o The levels of management must be shown clearly.

o An effective horizontal and vertical communication channel must

be practised.

o Division of jobs must be practised fully.

o Control of power is maintained by the top-level management.

Some threats of decentralization in decision making

There are some threats I found during the study of decentralzation

that can be discussed below.

Employee feel burden

In the interviews,questionairs,observation and study the different

reports employee feel burden for taking an extra responsibility that
some time cause to creat mental pressure and due to this the
required result cant obtain.

Senior employees loos interest for taking back the authority

Senior employees also don’t like the transfer of authority to lower

management. During the study of a report I found Mr tom who was
in the senior management having 32 years of experience leave the
job due to transfering control to a person who is 5 years of
experience. He says my mother advised me don’t trust on that
person who have not making an eyes contact.

Low experience

In my research I found that experience is much countable in

management work as well as in decision making. Juniors employees
not having the excellent experience that may cause to stop the
growth and wrong decisions.

No innovation

In my research study I found that it is difficult for low level

management to spread innovative ideas about decisions making. With
out centralization the ideas can’t be generated about innovation.
Conclusion

In the research I found the number of critical problems in the decentralization

process in decisions making. There number of things that can negatively effected
on management, work force diversity, lack of specialization and also lack of
confidence in lower management. These things extremely connected with in any
organization for the system.

I can conclude the all that I found in research project methodology. I try my level
best to find a suit able way in the decision making process in decentralization. I
spread the questionnaire, taking the interviews of different persons; study the
different reports and journals. I conclude the information about facts and figure
that I have found in the work.

This is a critical process in shape of work force diversity and different cultural
environment you should keep focus on the training and may you bear a huge
training cost.

If you want do the decentralization then substitute is also available for

management. They want to establish a good Management Information System
through intranet. Due to this technique the higher management is also able to get
decision at right time.

Evaluation of Methodology

I evaluate the methodology that is used in research project.

Suitability

This methodology provides me a great help about the method of

collection data. I collect a suitable data accurate, suitable and correct.
This method was reliable in collection of data, presentation of data and
also analysis for getting the valid conclusion about result. This
methodology provides me an excellent help for collection and analysis
of data about decentralization in decisions making. This methodology
provides me a great help for finding the solution of the problem. I
distribute 100 of questionnaire 20 t0 30 persons interview and study
round about 6 reports about different areas. This method was much
suitable for me. Due to the usage of this methodology I find the
conclusion.
Feasibility

I have not many skills to apply the mathematical approaches but due
to different skills I used this approach for finding.

Due to the shortage of time I was unable to apply all the methods in
this research methodology. But I try my level best to apply these skills
for getting the excellent and valid conclusion and go to the final
solution.

Due to the lack of resources I cont properly used this method. because
I don’t have the relevant software that provide me the help for getting
result. Due to the high cost I cont reach the all resources. Due to the
lack of resources I cont use a good technique of sampling.

Acceptability

I found an accepted process for gaining commitment. This

methodology process is acceptable anyhow this process of
methodology is acceptable for getting valid result and conclusion.
Through out the research program I present in qualitative as well as in
shape of quantitative finding.
Recommendation

Decentralization is much important when head offices are faraway or located at

different corners of the world. Due to the transference of authority to lower
management the decision can be done with in no time and according to the
problem.
Decentralization also motivates the employees to perfuming their duties well
because they take the responsibility and trying to put all their efforts and
experiences in decisions making. It is positively affected on the performance of
the whole team that leads to success. But a well defined system is much
compulsory in decentralization and also defines the job specification and
description for all lower level authority.
For developing the decentralization training to the employee with in excellent
professional environment is also important and objective of the job will clearly
transfer and trains in a suit able way.

Delegated authority from the top-level management to the lower

levelmanagement must be shown clearly.
Authority must aligned with responsibility.
Areas under control must be established and must be suitable with the
number of employees and duties.
The levels of management must be shown clearly.
An effective horizontal and vertical communication channel must be
practised.
Division of jobs must be practised fully.
Control of power is maintained by the top-level management.

Area of Future research

Some parts of this research I cnt complete due to the shortage of

time. In future I want to do research on some issue that cant be
measure in this research.

 Role of Work Culture in decision making

  Work force diversity in decentralization in respect of
multinational organization

Assignment

Research Methodology
(REFFERAL SUBMISSION)

Topic: DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS IN DECISION MAKING

PRESENTED TO DAMIEN TRACY

PRESENTED BY MUHAMMAD ASAD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUESTIONNAIRS 1,2

METHODS OF QUESTIONAIRS 3

RESON FOR CHOSING THIS METHODS 4,5

ACTION PLAN 5

SAMPLING 6,7

ANALYSIS

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 8

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 9

INTERPRETATION 10,12

CONCLUSION 13

METHODOLOGY 13

RECOMMENDATION 14

REFFEENCE 15,16
References

www.google.com
www.mba project.com
www.scribd.com
www.pu.edu.pk

Akai, Nobuo and Masayo Sakata (2002), ‘Fiscal Decentralization Contributes to

Economic Growth: Evidence from State-Level Cross-Section Data for the United States’,
Journal of Urban Economics, Vol.52, No.1, pp.93-108.

Breuss, Fritz and Markus Eller (2004), ‘Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Growth:
Is There Really a Link?’, CESifo DICE Report, Journal of Institutional Comparisons,
Vol.2, No.1, pp.3-9.

Dubois, H.F.W. & Fattore, G. (2009), 'Definitions and typologies in public

administration research: the case of decentralization', International Journal of Public
Administration, 32(8): pp. 704-727