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rectangulares
P
P
π
4
⎛ π⎞
P = ⎜ 4, ⎟
P = ( 4, 4 ) ⎝ 4⎠
P P
y
r
θ
x
P = ( r ,θ )
P = ( x, y )
P P
−7 π 5 π
4 4 2
2
⎛ 7 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
P = ⎜ 2, − π ⎟ P = ⎜ −2, π ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
π 0 π 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π P 11
π
6 6 6 6
5 7 5 7
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π π π
2 2
2
π 2 π 2 2 π
π
3 3 3 π 3 π
π 3
π
3
4 4
π 4 P 4
5
π 5 π
6 6 π
P 6 6
π 0 π 0
2π 2π
7
π 11
π
7
π 11
6 6 6 π
5 7 6
π π 5
π
7
π
4 4 5 4
π π 4 4
π 5
π
4
3 3 3 3
π
3 3
π π π
2 2
2
π 2 π 2 2 π
π
3 3 3 π 3 3 π
π π
3
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π P 0 π 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6 6 6 P
5 7 6
π π 5 7
π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 4
π π π 5
π
3 3 3 3 3
π π
3
2 2
Coordenadas Polares Jorge Freitas Página 2
π π
2
π 2 π 2
π 2 π
3 3 3 π 3 3 3 π
π π
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π 0 π P 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6 P 6 6 6
5 7 5 7
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π
2 2
π π
2
π 2 π 2
π 2 π
3 3 3 π 3 3 3 π
π π
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π 0 π P 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6
5
P 7
6 6
5 7
6
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π
2 2
π 0
2π
7
π 11
π
6 6
5 7
π π
4 4 5 4
π π
3 3 3
π
2
3
− π
2 5
4
− π − π
5 3
− π 3 −
7
π
4 4
7 11
− π − π
6 6
− 2π
−π
0
5 π
− π −
6 6
π
3
− π −
4 π 4
2
− π −
π 3
3
−
2
Coordenadas Polares Jorge Freitas Página 4
π π
2
π 2 π 2
π 2 π
3 3 3 π 3 3 3 π
π π
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π 0 π 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6 6 6 6
5 7 5 7
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π
2 2
π π
2
π 2 π 2
π 2 π
3 3 3 π 3 3 3 π
π π
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π 0 π 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6 6 6 6
5 7 5 7
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π
2 2
π π
2
π 2 π 2
π 2 π
3 3 3 π 3 3 3 π
π π
4 4 4 4
5 π 5 π
π π
6 6 6 6
π 0 π 0
2π 2π
7 7
π 11
π π 11
π
6 6 6 6
5 7 5 7
π π π π
4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
π π π π
3 3 3 3 3 3
π π
2 2
Coordenadas Polares Jorge Freitas Página 5
Relação entre coordenadas rectangulares e coordenadas polares
P = ( r ,θ )
P = ( x, y ) y
P
r
θ
x
y
sen θ = ⇔ y = r sen θ x2 + y2 = r 2
r y
x
cos θ = ⇔ x = r cos θ tg θ =
r x
Conversão de coordenadas polares em coordenadas rectangulares
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎧ 3
P = ⎜ 3, π ⎟ x = 3 cos π
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎧ x = r cos θ ⎪⎪ 2 ⎪⎧ x = 3 × 0
⎨ ⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
P = ( 0, − 3 ) ⎩ y = r sen θ ⎪ y = 3 sen π3 ⎪⎩ y = 3 × ( − 1)
⎪⎩ 2
Conversão de coordenadas rectangulares em coordenadas polares
1. Representa-se o ponto no referencial
Determina-se r pela relação r = x + y
2 2
2.
3. Determina-se o ângulo tg θ = y x
(
P = 1, − 3 )
1. 2. 3.
5
tg θ = − 3 ⇔ θ = π
( )
2
r = 12 + − 3 3
r= 4=2
⎛ 5 ⎞
P → ⎜ 2, π ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
x2 + y2 = r 2
y = r sen θ
x = r cos θ
y
tg θ =
x
EXEMPLO 1
r = 3 ⇔ r2 = 9
r 2 = x2 + y2
x2 + y2 = 9
É a circunferência de centro C(0,0) e raio 3
AB = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y 2 − y1 )
2 2 2
d= ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y 2 − y1 )
2 2
EQUAÇÃO DE CIRCUNFERÊNCIA
r = CP
(x − x1 ) + ( y − y1 ) = r 2
2 2
EXEMPLO
( x − 3) + ( y + 2 ) = 16
2 2