1

Basic Computer Network


LAN Overview
LANs were created to save time, money, and enable users to
share information and resources more easily. Some advantages
that LANs provide include

Simple and inexpensive connections

Support for multiple media protocols

Flexibility to provide any-to-any connections

Support for new applications

Ability to grow easily

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Basic Computer Network
LAN
LAN WAN
DMZ

Outside
Data network
Firewall Gateway
resources

Hub/Switch

Media
Server

Printer

PC Workstation/Clients

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Basic Computer Network
LAN Media
Thinnet

Thicknet

Fiber Optic

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LAN Media

STP : Shielded Twisted Pair RJ-45

UTP : Unshielded Twisted Pair

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Basic Computer Network
LAN Adaptor
RJ-45 connector

BNC connector

NIC : Network Interface Card

PCI : Peripheral Component Interconnect Cards
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Basic Computer Network

MAC Addressing
• Aka Hardware address
• “Ethernet” (or 802.3) networks specify a 48-bit
physical “MAC address”
– 00-00-f8-75-5b-a6 -- Unique identifier for the network
interface card (NIC)
– Address ranges are assigned to specific vendors e.g.,
“00-00” is Digital Equipment corp.
– To find vendors MAC addresses
http://coffer.com/mac_find/
• Specific MAC address that means “broadcast”
– ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff (All 1s)

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Basic Computer Network
LAN Connecting Devices
Hub

Switch

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Basic Computer Network
 HUB
• HUBs: 
   
 

!" # "$%!& &' (  !)#&'!*+
• ,' !- 2  !."#
 1 "Passive HUBs "#
   
 ,' /'*0
 2 Active HUBs "#
   
 
12!#!%+ +* 
,' /'*0
3 HUBs  0', +,)2  1 * ,, OSI Model

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Basic Computer Network
 Switch
• Switches:  !)'!+ , HUBs "# 
*0  

*0 !" # "$%!&   #
"$%!&  0' ,,
!" #*'
• " 6  !# Hubs "#  ,)' 
* *0  .$
""," * 
 )'  # (   %
""," '
3 Switches     0', +,)2  2 * ,, OSI Model ()
!)# LANs   Topology  !#)

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Basic Computer Network
 Router
• Router: 
!" #*'"$%!&    !)#J !" #*'
"$%!&  !. LANs – WANs  # WANs – WANs
   * 
 Router "#  $%
"+!#! 
' /'*0 !" #*'"$%!& # ( (Internetworking
Device)
•  ' /'*0* Router )J J&" IP J+ 0',
+,)2  3 * ,, OSI Model

TOT’s NETWORK

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Basic Computer Network
 LAN Topologies
• Bus
• Ring BUS
• Star
• Star-Bus

STAR RING

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Basic Computer Network

Star-Bus Topology

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Basic Computer Network
 /DIL<LM21I46:/0J4 ETHERNET
GH906I46:/0J4 GH906I46:/0J4 GH906I46:/0J4 GH906I46:/0J4
10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps 10 Gbps
+,-./0123456
+,-./0123456 +,-./0123456 Gigabit
C6.D1EF/0123456 Gigabit
Fast Ethernet Ethernet system
......... 96: Ethernet
system 96: 96::690;6<
:690;6< IEEE system 96:
:690;6< IEEE
802.3 :690;6<
IEEE 802.3u 802.3z/802.3ab
IEEE 802.3ae
&''( )'&*'+ IEEE802.3
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Basic Computer Network
 :690;6<360/UTG- :95G ETHERNET
:690;6< GH906I46:/0J4 0F2FI46:264
Topology V62D1-WUX
360 3600HC-V5. W<3600HC-V5. UT-G/0123
D1-WUX Cable
/UT-G:95G YXG:ZM YXG:ZM
Thin Ethernet
10base2 10 Mbps 185 - 200 /:90 BUS Thin Coaxial S0TG
Cheapernet
10base5 10 Mbps 500 /:90 Thick Coaxial Thick Ethernet
Twisted Pair
10baseT 10 Mbps 100 /:90 STAR
(UTP)
10baseF 10 Mbps 2000 /:90 Fiber Optic

Twisted Pair
100baseT 100 Mbps ......... /:90 Fast Ethernet
(UTP)

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Basic Computer Network
IP Address
3 Internet Protocol Address !-!* % 
&' (  !)#&'
J" *'  '12 '/0&%+, Hardware  ,+
– "'* !*
!" #*' (Host Address)
– "'* !*!" #*' (Network Address)
•  *+ 32 bit ,' !- 4 ' &''  "'&2 &' 0- 255

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Basic Computer Network
 17
Basic Computer Network
IP Addresses – Class A
• Class A
– Start with binary 0
– All 0 reserved
– 01111111 (127) reserved for loopback
– Range 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x
– All allocated
• Private address 10.x.x.x

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Basic Computer Network
IP Addresses – Class B
• Start with binary 10
– Range 128.x.x.x to 191.x.x.x
– Second Octet also included in network address
– 214 = 16,384 class B addresses
– All allocated
• Private address range
172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x

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Basic Computer Network
IP Addresses – Class C
• Start with binary 110
– Range 192.x.x.x to 223.x.x.x
– Second and third Octet also part of network address
– 221 = 2,097,152 class C addresses
– Near all allocated
• Private address range
192.168.x.x

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Basic Computer Network
 21
Basic Computer Network
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• DHCP "# Service     IP Address * ,,
!" #*' ,!" # 0*' (Client) &J&% /0+0 ,,'& "
 ,&2 "'&' (  !)#&' !" # Client  !" #  )  ,,
+ ' !" # , % (Server) & &%+&2 Service  ,&' 
!  run  ' !" # Client &  ,&'  , ,, IP
!" # , %

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Basic Computer Network
 Domain Name

)#J+! (Domain Name) 6] )# 60!  ! !-
!*%! !^& (IP Address) !-)# #"
6] '   #!* !^,1&2(

!)'!^,1&* !"!"  !* IP "# 202.44.204.33  
+ ")#J+!" !- www.nectec.or.th

 &%+&' ' "$%!& !" #*' ) IP Address !" #  
 !-& Lookup  #+)  !b++0,
 ) !*
)# !-&c (Domain Name) ! ' Domain Name
Server

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Basic Computer Network
 1'12'3+456'57)89:&7;
<+1'=>7)&67 Network
Windows 98 / ME

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Basic Computer Network
1' setup windows 98/ME
Click Y46D1- My computer /MTG3 Properties

Network Interface Card

904EVGC3609[\9H]. Network Interface Card

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Basic Computer Network
1' setup windows 98/ME

• start
• Setting
• Control Panel

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Basic Computer Network
1' setup windows 98
• !b+ Control Panel !# Network

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Basic Computer Network
Network Configuration

1
2

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Basic Computer Network
TCP/IP Properties : IP Address

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Basic Computer Network
DNS Configuration

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Basic Computer Network
• & , !)#&' ' PC , Network J+
!*  DOS Prompt  $%$ ipconfig /all

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Basic Computer Network
3>7?
 RUN 89)8; winipcfg

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Basic Computer Network
 1'12'3+456'57)89:&7;
<+1'=>7)&67 Network
Windows XP / 2000

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Basic Computer Network
1' Setup Windows XP / 2000
1. 5@91A:'&( Icon My network Place F@G:5@91 Properties

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Basic Computer Network
2. 5@91A:'&( Local Area connection F@G:5@91 Properties

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Basic Computer Network
3. Double Click &( Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

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Basic Computer Network
4. @>71 Obtain an IP automatically, Obtain DNS server automatically

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Basic Computer Network
1' Setup V6'+ Control Panel

 Control Panel

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Basic Computer Network
 Double Click  Network Connections

Double Click
Network
Connections

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Basic Computer Network
"%*  Local Area Connection !# Properties

Click 

 Properties

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Basic Computer Network
 @>71 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) F@5@91
)WX Properties F@G:<+FYZ
General <3G@>71 Obtain an IP address automatically F@ Obtain DNS
server address automatically.

@>71 obtain an IP address

@>71 internet
Protocol(TCP/IP)

@>71 obtain DNS

Click Properties

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Basic Computer Network
• & , !)#&' ' PC , Network J+
!*  DOS Prompt  $%$ ipconfig /all

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Basic Computer Network
52'\](&:^\7Z5>7A6'_ Ping
• ) & ,6 !)#&' ' !" # & ,!" # 
J+ ' $^"!^*0*+!^ ( /' J J&" ICMP
(Internet Control Message Protocol) !" # 
 ! ' $^"!^2 0' ^&,,!- ICMP Echo
Reply (&' !- ICMP Echo Request)

• , 
 !" #    block ping !+ Fire wall
!# !&+"+. / +!-'&%+&'!" #
 '+

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Basic Computer Network

`4 command prompt 89)8;52'\]( Ping &')
4G:_@A IP address 7W
1a;
@'_'(&94&67

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Basic Computer Network
Wireless LAN

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Basic Computer Network
 <[26:YG.LI0.Y562 Wireless LAN
 Wireless LAN (Local Area Network)  WLAN
 !" #$#%&'()&*)#'+,-./%01$"2.. peer-to-
peer /5$ &6% 27(+#0"5 (station) #&0#$#09:-";,%, 7
2..;%# <9$' 2..:#$# "! ;,%/-=2..>?,7>?, (point-
to-point) 2..>?,7( >?, (point-to-multi point)
 WLAN  !"B((-CDE:"F LAN &
-. ? ,  (5$ "#$/5$/F"%/5$ !"7-):(-.# <9$,1&
LAN &5:6G%# .1(2..7 H
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Basic Computer Network
 I_`a0FL2U<bYG.0FCCVT-GV60c0XV62
 ;&&5% >F:-,6"$7F2"/5$#&06G%.1:71,7#$#

 6"I+:F(-71,7#$# B'%6G%.1:#&0($"/5$;,%

  71,7#$##&0#%9"= 6G%";,% ),*) 2(+

7%"/?"0'::) /5$6G%#

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Basic Computer Network
 4[4Hd<6360YG.LI0.Y562YXG:ZMc0XV62
Wired LAN Network

Wireless LAN (Proprietary)

IEEE Standard ETSI Standard

IEEE 802.11 HiperLAN/1
HiperLAN/2
IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.11a (Wi-Fi5)
HiperACCESS
IEEE 802.11g (Wi-Fi)
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute
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Basic Computer Network
 IEEE 802.11Specifications
802.11b 802.11a 802.11g
Standard July 1999 July 1999 June 2003
Approved
Maximum 11Mbps 54Mbps 54Mbps
Data rate
Modulation CCK OFDM OFDM and CCK
Data rates CCK= 1,2,5.5,11
6,9,12,18,24,36, Mbps
1,2,5.5,11 Mbps
48,54 Mbps OFDM=6,9,12,18,2
4,36,48,54 Mbps
Frequencies 5.15-5.35 GHz
2.4-2.497 GHz 2.4-2.497 GHz
5.425-5.675 GHz

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

CCK (Complementary Code Keying) Basic Computer Network
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 Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi 25G:6E63Ig6456 Wireless Fidelity /ah<
/I0T-G.S:62D6.360IX6YG.U_\:690;6</I0TGY562c0XV62
IEEE 802.11 (Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineer 802.11)

:690;6<<1]3g6S<\/DIL<LM21D1-WUXV0X6./I0TGY562
IG:i[4/9G0bc0XV62 (Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN)) L\2WUXIMT-<4[D2_256<I46:j1- UHF (Ultra High
Frequency)
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Basic Computer Network
Wireless Network Components

.
Access Point …
…
…
…
…
…
. … RF interface for
……
……. desktop PC
……

…
…
…
…
…
RF interface for

…
notebook

…
…
.…
.
RF interface for
iPAQ / Casiopia)

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Basic Computer Network
Access Point

/ah<E_\kZ<2b3M6.Vg6S0HC Wireless Network

V6:60jjG\/aM1-2</ah</V6G636k /iTG- /i[-:0F2F
0HC - V5.c\X

V6:60j/YX60SHVYXG:ZMD10- CH /YX6lMFV5.GG3\X42
0SHV lCC 128 C[9

Eg63H\360/UT-G:95G\X42360M.DF/C12< MAC
address

V6:60ja0HCLS:\360Dg6.6<c\XSM62lCC c\Xl35
Client mode, Infrastructure, Repeater, lMF
Multipoint repeater
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Basic Computer Network
 RF Interface Card

360b\ PCMCIA 9[\9H]./YX63HC360b\ PCI 360b\ PCI Wireless c:59XG.:1360b\ PCMCIA

USB port
Card Compact flash lM<c0XV62lCC PCMCIA

PCMCIA : Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

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Basic Computer Network



 


 Wi-Fi  





  

!
" IEEE 802.11a/b/g
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Basic Computer Network
 &'()*+,-./0-1-234(210'5 WLAN

Ad- hoc connection

Wireless Bridging
Infrastructure connection (LAN-to-LAN connectivity)
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Basic Computer Network
 Peer to Peer Topology (Ad hoc)
o


 

 
  Access Point

o


  (
 3  )

o
  
    !" # $ 

%&
   '
Ad-
Ad-hoc network is a network typically created in a spontaneous manner.
manner.
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Basic Computer Network
360/UT-G:95GlCC Infrastructure WUX Access Point 9H4/\124
l95MF/I0T-G. V6:60j/IMT-G<2X62c\XG256.G[V0F m62W<YGCY562360
/UT-G:95G
c:5Eg63H\Eg6<4<E_\/UT-G:95G

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Basic Computer Network
 1'=>7)&67FZZ Infrastructure <=G Access Point 3@'_&]:
5>7(@e1A6'_\')'Y5@>7+ ^'18>c+A7( Access point &]:3+f( ?
_](8>c+A7(
Access point 71&]:3+f(?4G g4_1'=>7)&67?)6A'4=6:( _1:6' Roaming

8>c+57Z5@W)]c(3)4
d+5>7A6'_4_:1]+
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Basic Computer Network
 &'()8+-& Channels - IEEE802.11 DS
2412 2472

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2400
5 10

4 9

3 8 13

2 7 12

1 6 11

o .> 3 *0-2@>,*0-2ABCC'D48+,EF.0)&5/@BH&BE
o A'.'(I.> Access Points FJK 3 /BLMEN+OE@>,)J>5L&BE
o P/08Q*0-24L'.I>,.> bandwidth @>M, *K2'E)@0'&BH 22 MHz.
o 4L'.)(VL1-21K-.W8)@0'&BH 11 Mb/s

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Basic Computer Network
Service Set Identifier (SSID)

• )# % Service Set

• !-&,'  ' !" #*'
• 6&  !)#J !*!" #*'&
+!-)#!+ 

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Basic Computer Network
Wired Equivalent Privacy
(WEP)
• !#!#&  c"+.,,
Ac-Hoc
• & ,%e%,, ,,b+
• 6!# WEP 64 ,%&'"  10 digit
• 6!# WEP 128 ,%&'"  26 digit

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Basic Computer Network
 Local Area Network (LAN)
Wireless LAN (WLAN) as an
extension to wired LAN

Hub

Hub Access Point

Server Switch

Internet

Ethernet Client
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Basic Computer Network

V0_a/CT]G.9X<W<360WUX.6</I0TGY562c0XV62
1. $&C1)7E,#/* ($ PC 7-=7\+) /F:G$&7:-.:E,
2(";%#
 2.. PCMCIA :-.:E, PCI "F&G$&7:-" 2(+71,7-=." PCI
Slot $&C1)7E
 2.. PCI Wireless /5$;&7%&5:E, PCMCIA 2(+71,7-=." PCI Slot
$&C1)7E
 2.. USB B"CE7 USB $&C1)7E (2.. USB >+
#+,)::)2(+#&06G%":-.$"%7.?\;,%G":-")
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Basic Computer Network

V0_a/CT]G.9X<W<360WUX.6</I0TGY562c0XV62
2. $&C1)7E"%7.?\ /F:G$&7:-.:E,2(";%#
 2.. PCMCIA &+#F-.$"%7.?\?":/5$;&6G Centrino
 2.. USB B"CE7 USB $"%7.?\
3. $&C1)7E"%7.?\2.. Centrino ;&>F !"7%<=? :IE2(";%
# C1$& C+$"%7.?\2.. Centrino #&06G%" ;%#
;,%, 7
4. ? :IEC:C Palm  Pocket PC /F:G$&7:-.? :IE2(";%
# 2..:E,;)(# <9$:E,;)(#"5=#F-.G$&7:-. Palm  Pocket
PC 27(+?"/"-="
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Basic Computer Network
DELL

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Basic Computer Network
Hewlett Packard

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Basic Computer Network
IBM

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Basic Computer Network
ACER

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Basic Computer Network
Compaq

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Compaq

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Basic Computer Network
ASUS

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Basic Computer Network
THE END

Q&A

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Basic Computer Network