ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Colin Gears CMIOSH, MIIRSM, MIIHE, MAPS,
Dip SHEM, Dip Mgt
 Environmental Management
Systems
Definition of a Environmental
Management System (EMS)

'Environmental Management Systems are explicit

sets of arrangements and processes designed to
manage environmental issues and ensure that
(an) organisations’ (environmental) performance
goals and objectives are achieved.’ Bragg, S
(1994)
 Business & the Environment

ENVIRONMENT

Industrial System

Production
Input Resources Output Resources
• Extraction
• Manufacturing

Space Waste Sinks

Raw materials
• physical • Atmosphere
• Biological Distribution • Water
Energy
• Land

Consumption
 Stakeholder Pressure
Government Policy Measures
• regulation
• eco-taxation

Capital Markets Product Markets

• Investors • commercial customers

• Insurers
• final customers

Organisation

General Public
Labour Markets
• the media
• existing employees
• neighbours
• prospective employees
• Pressure/action groups
 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES
Top management shall define the
companies environmental policy and
ensure that it:-

„ is appropriate to the nature, scale and

environmental impacts of it’s activities,
products or services

„ Is committed to continual improvement

 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES

„ Prevention of pollution.
„ Comply with legislation.
„ Setting of objectives and targets (KPI,s).
„ Documented, implemented, maintained
and communicated to all employees.
„ Available to the public.
„ Training to be provided.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES

Main Parts:

„ Policy Statement
„ Management Structure And Responsibilities
„ Arrangements/Procedures
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
All companies within UK are starting to understand the
importance of Implementing an Environmental Management System
(EMS).

This is due to a number of reasons:

• Increasing environmental legislation

• Public pressures/demands (Company Image)
• Increasing financial cost due to accidents
• Insurance premiums (Environmental liability Insurance)
• Loss of contracts (CDM)
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Environmental Management System can be

further defined as;

A framework for implementing, monitoring and controlling

An organisations impact on the environment and will
Provide confidence that this impact is responsibly and
reliably assessed and managed.
managed
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Environmental Management System can be

further defined as;

A framework for implementing, monitoring and controlling

An organisations impact on the environment and will
Provide confidence that this impact is responsibly and reliably
assessed and managed.
managed

Reactive Approach Proactive Approach

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Benefits of an Environmental Management System;

• Reduction of the impact on the environment

• Compliance with legislation
• Improving the effectiveness of current management systems
• Continual improvements (Audits, Benchmarking, KPI’s)
• Training and raising awareness
• More successful in obtaining work/contracts.
 Objectives and Targets

„ Environmental Objective
“an overall environmental goal, arising from the
environmental policy, that an organization sets
itself to achieve, and which is quantified where
practicable.” (eg reduce vehicle emissions)
„ Environmental Target
“a detailed performance requirement, quantified
where practicable, that arises from the objectives
and that needs to be set and met to achieve those
objectives.”
 Objectives and Targets
„ Guidance – when setting Os and Ts:
„ Organisations should consider legal and other
requirements, significant aspects, technology,
financial/business/operational requirements and
the views of interested parties.
„ Objectives and targets must be consistent with the
policy and the commitment to prevent pollution.
 Relationships
Environmental Policy Commitments
More
General

Environmental Objectives

More
Specific
Environmental Targets

Environmental Management Programmes

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

All Management Systems work on the same principle;

PLAN DO CHECK ACT or

(IMPLEMENT) REVIEW
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

There are a number of formalised management systems/standards

in operation. These outline the steps needed to followed in order
to put in an effective Environmental Management System in place.

These are;

• EMAS (ECO-Management Auditing Scheme)

• ISO 14001 (International Organisation for Standardisation)
• OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health, Safety Standard)

All Work along The Same Principles

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

POLICY &
COMMITMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

PLANNING
• Environmental Aspects
• Legal Requirements
• Objectives and Targets

POLICY &
COMMITMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

PLANNING
• Environmental Aspects
• Legal Requirements
• Objectives and Targets

POLICY &
COMMITMENT IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
• Management Structure and Responsibilities
• Training awareness
• Communication
• Emergency Resources
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

PLANNING
• Environmental Aspects
• Legal Requirements
• Objectives and Targets

POLICY &
COMMITMENT IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
• Management Structure and Responsibilities
• Training awareness
• Communication
• Emergency Resources

CHECK, CORRECTIVE ACTION

• Monitoring/Benchmarking
• Corrective and Preventive Action (Non-Conformance)
• Records
• Audits
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

PLANNING
• Environmental Aspects
• Legal Requirements
• Objectives and Targets

POLICY &
COMMITMENT IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
• Management Structure and Responsibilities
• Training awareness
• Communication
• Emergency Resources

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

CHECK, CORRECTIVE ACTION

• Monitoring/Benchmarking
• Corrective and Preventive Action (Non-Conformance)
• Records
• Audits
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Policy And Commitment; POLICY &
COMMITMENT

Initial Review –
• A brief study to establish where the company stands in relation to impacts on the
environment.
• Look at current environmental practices/system (If Any)
• Establish the baseline (starting block)

Environmental Policy –
• Document to establish commitment to the environment (culture)
• Written and signed by the head of the establishment
• Comply to Environmental Legislation
• Local Considerations
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
PLANNING
Planning; • Environmental Aspects
• Legal Requirements
• Objectives and Targets

Aspects and Impacts

Establishing a method of recognising environmental issues that organisation
must address and once identified implement
A order of priority.

Legal Requirements
Establishing a procedure to identify all relevant legislation requirements

Objectives and Targets

The organisation must set its self objectives and targets
(KPI’s)
 Possible significant aspects?
„ Resource use
„ Energy
„ Consumables etc
„ Product Packaging
„ Fuel
„ Pollution
„ Local, global, direct and indirect
„ Water, land, air, light and noise
„ Waste
„ Water
„ Solid waste, incl. Packaging
 Transport Depot activities

Office activities and sales

Tank filling/fuel storage

Staff travel on/off site

Fuel issue Land use/site drainage

Goods in & storage,
including own brand. Plus
recycling of packaging

Vehicle wash
Goods out & associated down
transport
 Depot aspects (brief overview)
Emissions to air, noise and light

Energy & resource use in

Fuel spillage during
offices. Waste and recycling
filling/tank rupture

Congestion, resource
use, noise etc

Spills from issue Land contamination, water

Energy use in freezers,
pollution
lighting, packaging & other
resource use/recycling

Waste to landfill &

recycling
Use of water and
Product related, transport Discharge to sewer
related resources use, from wash down
noise pollution, influence?
etc
 Impacts (brief overview)
Nuisance, depletion of resources Climate change, depletion of
etc resources, increased/decreased
waste to landfill

Water pollution, land Climate change, respiratory

contamination, impacts to problems, nuisance,
flora/fauna etc resource depletion, local air
pollution etc

Water pollution, land CO2 at source and Climate Water pollution, land
contamination, impacts to change, depletion of natural contamination, nuisance etc
flora/fauna, nuisance etc resources etc

Increased/decreased
Water pollution, waste to landfill
Climate change, local air fauna/fauna etc
pollution (NOx, SOx etc)
depletion of natural
resource, nuisance, indirect
impacts? etc
 Legal assessment (basic)
EPA 1990, Civil Nuisance, Town
& Country Planning Act 1990
Finance Act 2000

Oil Storage Regs 2001

MOT & Controls on
company cars – road tolls?

EPA 1990, WIA 1991, Finance Act 2000, Packaging EPA 1990, WRA 1991, WIA
WRA 1991, Groundwater & Essential Requirements 1991
Regulations 1998 Regulations

EPA 1990, Hazardous

WRA 1991 or WIA 1991 Waste Regulations
2005
MOT, Packaging
Regulations, EPA 1990
 Risk assessment
Stakeholder, business, pollution,
poss. Law, local/global
environmental Business, law, environmental
issue
Law, stakeholder, local
environmental impact, Stakeholder, business,
business global and local
environmental issue

Law, stakeholder, local Some law, influence, Law, local environmental,

environmental impact, business, poss. stakeholder, poss. business
business Environmental issue

Business, law,
Law, stakeholder local environmental issue
Stakeholder, business, wider environmental, some
environmental, poss. law business
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
Implementation and Operation; • Management Structure and Responsibilities
• Training awareness
• Communication
• Emergency Resources

Structure and Responsibilities -

Any organisation implementing an EMS must define roles, responsibilities
and authorities to make it work effectively. All responsibilities should be recorded
in an Environmental Policy
Training, Awareness and Competence –
Each member of staff with an environmental role must be trained and
competent. All Members of staff should undergo environmental awareness training.
Communication –
Communication is vital for any EMS to be successful.

Emergency Resources –
Systems will need to be in place and resources be made available
 EMS Core Procedures
„ Identification of Environmental Aspects
„ Identify Legal Requirements
„ Training and Awareness
„ Communication
Operational
„ Document Control
Control
„ Compliance Evaluation
Procedures
„ Emergency Preparedness
„ Monitoring and Measurement
„ Non-conformance
„ Records
„ EMS Audit
„ Management Review
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
CHECK, CORRECTIVE ACTION
Check, Corrective Action; • Monitoring/Benchmarking
• Corrective and Preventive Action (Non-Conformance)
• Records
Monitoring; • Audits
Without monitoring there
Cannot be effective control of a management system. There is a need to monitor
And measure key characteristics. (KPI’s)
Corrective and Preventive Action;
• Investigating non-conformance.
• Taking action to mitigate any impacts caused by non-conformance.
• Initiating and completing corrective and preventive action.
Records;
Records are the physical evidence that an organisation has implemented an
EMS.
Audits;
Audits are carried to ensure compliance and conformity to the EMS.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Continual Improvement;

Management Review – at intervals the organisation should review the EMS

to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. This
evaluation should be based on the information collected in the auditing stage
of the process.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

General Requirements
(pass or fail)

? Has the organisation established an Environmental Management System

? Has the organisation an Environmental Policy

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Environmental Aspects
? Has the organisation identified and recorded the environment aspects and
impacts of its activities

? Has the organisation have a process for identifying legal requirements

Objectives and Targets

? Has the organisation defined and recorded objectives and targets for
Reducing the environmental impacts of its activities

? Is there a programme in place to achieve objectives

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Structure and Responsibility

? Has the organisation defined roles , responsibilities and authorities in order
to facilitate effective environmental management

? Has the organisation allocated resources reqired in order to facilitate

effective environmental management

? Has the organisation appointed an Environmental Manager

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Training, Awareness and Competence

? Does the organisation identify environmental training requirements

? Does the organisation keep records of its environmental training

Communication
? Has the organisation established lines of communication

? Does the organisation contact and communicate with the enforcing authorities
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Document Control;

• Legislation Discharge Consent

Waste Management Licence

• Materials Safety Data Sheets

Storage records

• Waste Transfer Notes (2 years)

Consignment Notes
Waste Data Records
Waste Carriers Licence
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Document Control;

• Emissions Discharge Consent

Site Drainage Plans
Maintenance of Equipment

• Nuisance Issues Records of Complaints

Correspondence with local Authorities
Notices served
 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Operational Control
? Does the Organisation have a process for controlling achievement of its
Environmental objectives (KPI’s)

Emergency Response
? Has the organisation identified potential for emergency response

? Are the emergency response procedures tested

 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria

Monitoring and Measurement

? Does the organisation have documented procedures for monitoring
And measuring its performance

? Does the organisation have procedures in place for inspecting and

calibrating its equipment (Records kept)

Non-Conformance/Corrective and Preventive action

? Does the organisation control incidences of non-conformance

? Records to confirm all preventive action and retraining if required

 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
ISO 14001 Assessment Criteria
Management Review
? Does the organisation carry out reviews of its EMS with a defined frequency

ASSESSORS RECOMMENDATION

Unqualified pass

Pass with rectification

Pass with rectification and re-inspection

Marginal fail (improvements)

Fail
 GENERAL AUDIT PROCESS
Basic Steps

Pre-audit Audit Post-audit

Select audit team Review background Confirm audit
Information findings
Set scope and aims
Inspect site/factory Issue draft report
Design audit facilities
Consider feedback
Liaise with Conduct interviews
Site/factory Issue final report
Examine records
Issue pre-audit De-brief management
questionnaire Check scope and
Aims covered
Action Plan
 GENERAL AUDIT PROCESS
(Planning)
Assemble an Audit Team;

• In-house personnel with a mix of skills and knowledge

• External consultants to advice and possibly fill any knowledge gaps

Clarify the Scope and Aims of the Audit;

• Activities to be included
• Purpose and nature of the audit
• Manner of reporting the findings

Design the format of the report;

• Schedule audit activities (meetings, inspections)
• Assign responsibilities
• Develop audit questionnaires
• Identify interviews if appropriate
 GENERAL AUDIT PROCESS
(Planning)

Liaison with sites/factories to be audited;

• Timely liaisons on meetings interviews
• Making sure all personnel are aware of the aims and objectives off the audit
• Encourage feedback and participation

Issue pre-audit questionnaire;

• Information gathered prior to the site/factory visit
• Help direct site/factory inspection
 GENERAL AUDIT PROCESS
(Conducting)
Conduct Opening Meeting;

• Introduce the audit team to management

• Review the scope and objectives of the audit
• Raise any issues at the outset and agree a process for dealing with possible
difficult issues
• Ensure the audit team are inducted and fully aware of all safety issues on
site/factory

Collection off information;

• Site/factory inspection record
• Formal interviews
• Existing environmental controls
• Factual evidence to support any important issues
• Ensure all areas have been covered and objectives fulfilled
 GENERAL AUDIT PROCESS
(Audit Reporting)
Draft Report;

• allow feedback from management management

• Audit team to assess feedback prior to final report submitted
• To allow any further comments or exclusions to be made

Format off final report;

• Document structure, content and size
• Audience and distribution list
• Highlighting critical areas
• Presentations to support findings
Environmental Policies
 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES
Top management shall define the
companies environmental policy and
ensure that it:-

„ is appropriate to the nature, scale and

environmental impacts of it’s activities,
products or services

„ a commitment to continual improvement

 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES

„ Prevention of pollution.
„ Comply with legislation.
„ Setting of objectives and targets (KPI,s).
„ Documented, implemented, maintained
and communicated to all employees.
„ Available to the public.
„ Training to be provided.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES

Main Parts:

„ Policy Statement
„ Management Structure And Responsibilities
„ Arrangements/Procedures
 EMS Certification
„ Adds credibility
„ All certification bodies follow similar stages in
assessing an EMS
„ EMS must be running for at least 3 months
before certification
„ Costs vary from one body to another
 Certification Process
„ Initial information request
„ Certification Proposal
„ Documentation review (Gap Analysis)
„ Initial assessment (pre-audit) on site
„ Main assessment (certification audit) on site
„ Certification or referral
„ Regular surveillance visits (normally 6 monthly) and
re-audits (3 yearly)