Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
25, Frame-Relay,
ATM Networks:
A Telephony View of Convergence
Architectures
Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
shivkuma@ecse.rpi.edu
http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/shivkuma
Based in part on slides of Raj Jain (OSU), S. Keshav (Ensim)
Based also on the reference books: by U. Black, J.C. Bellamy
Hybrids:
Combined Station: Both primary and secondary: a.k.a
Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
Balanced Configuration: Two combined stations
Unbalanced Configuration: One or more secondary
UA: Unnumbered
ACK
DISC: disconnect
I: information frame
Heavyweight Link-Setup and Per-Packet Acking !!
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
16
HDLC Operation (Contd)
Fragmentation/Reassembly support:
M = More segments
Layer 3 reliability:
P(R) and P(S) refer to packet sequence #
Different from N(R) and N(S) - frame sequence #
Functions:
Frame delimiting, alignment, and flag transparency
Virtual circuit multiplexing and de-multiplexing
Octet alignment => Integer number of octets before zero-bit
insertion
Checking min and max frame sizes
Error detection, Sequence and non-duplication
Congestion control
Policing actions:
Between Bc and Bc + Be => Mark DE bit
Over Be => Discard
Together
can carry multiple types of traffic
with end-to-end quality of service
AAL Sublayers
Convergence Sublayer (CS)
Determines Class of Service (CoS) for incoming traffic
Provides a specific AAL service at an AAL network service
access point (NSAP)
Segmentation and Reassembly Sublayer (SAR)
Segments higher-level user data into 48-byte cells at the sending
node and reassembles cells at receiving node Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
68
AAL Lingo….
72
ATM-SONET Mapping
Data Sample
VCI Data ATM cell
Router
Internetwork or WAN
Workstation Router
Router Workstation
IP address: 123.145.134.65
ATM address: 47.0000 1 614 999 2345.00.00.AA....
Issue: IP Address Û ATM Address translation
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Inverse ATM ARP: VC Þ IP Address
Solution: ATMARP servers
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
152
RFC 1577: Classical IP over ATM