Roll No:

9. ACCESSING AND CHANGING BIOS SETTINGS

Introduction: The BIOS or Basic Input/Output System is the

basic controller that allows all of the components that make up
a computer system to talk to one another.

1. The method for accessing the BIOS is going to be

dependent upon the manufacturer of the motherboard
and the BIOS vender they have selected.
2. The actual process to get to the BIOS is identical, just the
key that is needed to be pressed will vary.
3. It is important to have the user manual for the
motherboard handy whenever changes will be made to
the BIOS.

Accessing BIOS Settings

1. The first step is to look up what key needs to be pressed

to enter the BIOS.
2. Some of the common keys used to access the BIOS are F1,
F2 and the Del key.
3. The motherboard will post this information when the
computer first turns on, but it is best to look it up before
hand.
4. Next, power on the computer system and press the key to
enter the BIOS after the beep for a clean POST is
signaled.
5. People often press the key a couple times to make sure it
registered.
6. If the procedure has been done correctly, the BIOS screen
should be displayed rather than the typical boot screen.

Changing BIOS Settings

1. From time to time, we must make modifications to our

computers that require going into the BIOS of the
machine.
2. Although each computer is different, most use standard
ways of getting in, changing values, and saving the
configuration.
3. When the PC is starting up, press the Setup key.
4. This is usually Del, F2, or F12. The key, however, differs
with each machine. It should be stated on the screen
which key is the setup key.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

5. Once you enter the computer's BIOS, use the arrow keys
and tab key to move between elements. Press enter to
select an item to change.
6. Find the 'Save and Exit' item once you have applied the
settings.
7. If you cannot find it, try pressing ESC and seeing if it
prompts you to save.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

Tips:
1. Keep a copy of your motherboard's documentation (a.k.a.
User Manual) with you in case you can't get in or out of
the BIOS, or you need help changing something.
2. Backup your BIOS settings by recording them on paper
once your PC is running and before you make any
changes to them.
3. A useful task is to check the boot order. If you have the
OS on the hard drive, make sure that the hard drive is the
first in the boot order. This can save a few seconds off
boot time.

Warnings:
1. Don't change anything if you don't know what you're
doing.
2. If you are going to flash the BIOS after, do NOT attempt
this.
3. If you have already changed settings, you must reset your
BIOS.
4. Instructions on how to reset your BIOS can be found here:
Reset Your BIOS

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

11. ASSEMBLING OF PC

STEP 1: INSTALLING THE MOTHERBOARD

First we will be installing the

motherboard which is a piece of
cake to install.

• Open the side doors of the

cabinet
• Lay the cabinet on its side
• Put the motherboard in
place
• Drive in all the required
screws

Tip: Most motherboards come

with an antistatic bag. It is
advisable to put the motherboard
on it for some time and then remove it from the antistatic bag
before placing it in the cabinet.

STEP 2: INSTALLING THE CPU

You need to place the CPU on the

dotted white patch of the
motherboard in a particular
fashion for it to fit properly. There
is a golden mark on the CPU to
help you assist. Consult both your
motherboard and CPU manual to
see which position it fits exactly
or you could also use try all the 4
positions.

• Lift the CPU lever on the

motherboard
• Place the CPU properly on
the motherboard
• Pull down the lever to secure
the CPU in place

Warning: Do not try to push the CPU into the motherboard!

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 3: INSTALLING THE HEAT SINK

After installing the processor we

proceed to installing the heat sink.
There are different kinds of heat
sinks that are bundled with the
processor and each has a different
way of installation. Look into your
CPU manual for instructions on how
to install it properly.

• Place the heat sink on the

processor
• Put the jacks in place
• Secure the heat sink with the lever

After this you will need to connect the cable of the heat sink on
the motherboard. Again look into the motherboard manual on
where to connect it and then connect it to the right port to get
your heat sink in operational mode.

STEP 4: INSTALLING THE RAM

Installing the RAM is also an easy

job.
The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs
are easy to install as you don’t
have to worry about placing
which side where into the slot.
The older ones, SDRAMs are
plagued by this problem.

If you want to use dual channel

configuration then consult your
manual on which slots to use to
achieve that result.

• Push down the RAM into the slot

• Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 5: INSTALLING THE POWER SUPPLY

We will now install the power

supply as the components we
install after this will require
power cables to be connected
to them. There is not much to
be done to install a PSU.

• Place the PSU into the

cabinet
• Put the screws in place
tightly

Tip: Some PSU have extra accessories that come bundled with
it. Consult your PSU manual to see how to install them.

STEP 6: INSTALLING THE VIDEO CARD

First you will need to find out

whether your video card is AGP or
PCI-E. AGP graphics cards have
become redundant and are being
phased out of the market quickly.
So if you bought a spanking new
card it will certainly be a PCI-E.

• Remove the back plate on

the cabinet corresponding
to the graphics card
• Push the card into the slot
• Secure the card with a screw
• Plug in the power
connection from PSU (if
required)

High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply and if

your graphics card needs one then connect the appropriate
wire from PSU into the graphics card.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 7: INSTALLING THE HARD DISK

Hard disk is another fragile

component of the computer
and needs to handle
carefully.
• Place the hard drive
into the bay
• Secure the drive with
screws
• Connect the power
cable from PSU
• Connect the data cable
from motherboard into
the drive

If your hard drive is a SATA one then connect one end of SATA
cable into the motherboard and other into the SATA port on
the hard disk. If your hard disk is PATA type then use the IDE
cable instead of the SATA cable.

Tip: If your PSU does not support SATA power supply then you
will need to get an converter which will convert your standard
IDE power connector to a SATA power connector.

STEP 8: INSTALLING OPTICAL DRIVE

The installation an optical drive is

exactly similar to a hard drive.

• Place the optical drive into

the bay
• Drive in the screws
• Connect the power cable and
data cable

Tip: When installing multiple optical drives take care of jumper

settings. Make sure you make one as primary and other slave
by using the jumper. This is not applicable if the drives are
SATA drives.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 9: CONNECTING VARIOUS CABLES

You will need to consult your

motherboard manual for finding
the appropriate port for
connecting various cables at the
right places on the motherboard.

• Connect the large ATX power

connector to the power
supply port on your
motherboard
• Next get hold of the smaller
square power connector
which supplies power to the
processor and connect it to
the appropriate port by taking help from your
motherboard manual
• Connect the cabinet cables for power, reset button in the
appropriate port of the motherboard
• Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the
motherboard
• Plug the cable of cabinet fans

You are done with

installing the internal
components of the PC.
Close the side doors of
the cabinet and get it
upright and place it on
your computer table. Get
the rest of the PC
components like
monitor, keyboard,
mouse, speakers etc.
which we will connect now.

• Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the VGA port
• If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2
ports or else use the USB port
• Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
• Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
• Also plug in the power cable of the monitor

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 10: INSTALLING THE OS AND DRIVERS

We are done with the hardware part. Now get your favorite OS
disks ready and the CD that came with your motherboard.

• Set the first boot device to CD/DVD drive in BIOS

• Pop in the OS disk
• Reboot the PC
• Install the OS
• Install drivers from motherboard CD (applicable only to
Windows OS)

• CPU – Central Processing Unit

• RAM – Random Memory Access
• DDR - Double Data Rate
• SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
• PSU - Power Supply Unit
• AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
• PCI-E – Peripheral Component Interconnect- Express
• SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
• PATA -Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
• ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
• USB – Universal System Bus
• VGA – Video Graphics Array
• PS/2 – Personal System/2
• OS – Operating System

10. INSTALATION OF WINDOWS XP

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

Most new computers come with Windows XP installed; so

many people never have to install it. However, you may need
to install Windows XP if:

1. You replaced your hard disk drive with a new hard disk
drive that does not have Windows XP installed.

2. You are reinstalling Windows XP on a computer because

you want to clean off your hard drive and remove any
unwanted programs, such as spyware.

3. You purchased a computer without an operating system.

Fortunately, you do not need to be a computer expert to

install Windows XP. Installing Windows XP is a straightforward
process that takes between one to two hours. Of that time,
you need to be present for only about 30 minutes.

• Pre-installation checklist • Install Windows XP

Pre-installation checklist

Before you begin the installation process, use this checklist to

make sure that you are prepared:

1. You have the Windows XP CD.

2. You have the product key available. The product key is

located on your Windows XP CD case and is required to
install and activate Windows XP.

3. Your computer hardware is set up. At a minimum, you

should connect your keyboard, mouse, monitor, and CD

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

drive. If available, you should connect your computer to

a wired network.

4. You have Windows XP drivers available. Drivers are

software that Windows XP uses to communicate with
your computer’s hardware. Most new computers include
a CD containing drivers. If you do not have drivers
available, Windows XP may already include drivers for
your hardware. If not, you should be able to download
them from your hardware manufacturer’s Web site after
you set up Windows XP.

5. If you are reinstalling Windows XP on an existing

computer, you need a backup copy of your files and
settings. The installation process will delete all of your
files. You can use the File and Settings Transfer Wizard
to store your files and settings on removable media and
then restore them after installation is complete.

Installation process

 Installing Windows XP can take up to two hours. To make

the process more manageable, it has been broken up into
several sections. When you are ready, install Windows
XP:

• Part 1: Begin the installation • Part 2: Continue the

installation

• Part 3: Complete the installation

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart

your computer.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

2. If prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you

miss the prompt (it only appears for a few seconds),
restart your computer to try again.

• Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup,

your mouse will not work, so you must use the keyboard.
On the Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.

• On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the

licensing agreement. Press the PAGE DOWN key to scroll
to the bottom of the agreement. Then press F8.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on

which Windows XP will be installed. Once you complete
this step, all data on your hard disk drive will be removed
and cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that
you have a recent backup copy of your files before
continuing. When you have a backup copy, press D, and
then press L when prompted. This deletes your existing
data.

• Press ENTER to select UN partitioned space, which

appears by default.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using

the NTFS file system, which appears by default.

• Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process

called formatting and then copies the setup files. You can
leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• Windows XP restarts and then continues with the

installation process. From this point forward, you can use
your mouse. Eventually, the Regional and Language
Options page appears. Click next to accept the default
settings. If you are multilingual or prefer a language
other than English, you can change language settings
after setup is complete.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name

and your organization name. Some programs use this
information to automatically fill in your name when
required. Then, click Next.

• On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as

it appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key
is unique for every Windows XP installation. Then, click
Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Computer Name and Administrator Password

page, in the Computer name box, type a name that
uniquely identifies your computer in your house, such as
FAMILYROOM or TOMS. You cannot use spaces or
punctuation. If you connect your computer to a network,
you will use this computer name to find shared files and
printers. Type a strong password that you can remember
in the Administrator password box, and then retype it in
the Confirm password box. Write the password down and
store it in a secure place. Click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computer’s

clock. Then, click the Time Zone down arrow, and select
your time zone. Click Next.

• Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your

computer. On the Networking Settings page, click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• Windows XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your

computer and will automatically restart when finished.
When the Display Settings dialog appears, click OK.

• When the Monitor Settings dialog box appears, click OK.

• The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to

Microsoft Windows page, click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my

PC by turning on Automatic Updates now. Then, click
Next.

Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the

Internet:

• If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice

that describes your network connection on the Will this
computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a
network? page. If you’re not sure, accept the default
selection, and click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP

cannot connect to the Internet, you can connect to the
Internet after setup is complete. On the How will this
computer connect to the Internet? page, click Skip.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate

Windows? page. If you are connected to the Internet, click
Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected to
the Internet, click No, click Next, and then skip to step 24.
After setup is complete, Windows XP will automatically
remind you to activate and register your copy of Windows
XP.

• On the Ready to register with Microsoft? page, click Yes,

and then click Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

• On the Collecting Registration Information page,

complete the form. Then, click Next

• On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name
of each person who will use the computer. You can use
first names only, nicknames, or full names. Then click
Next. To add users after setup is complete or to specify a

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

password to keep your account private, read Create and

customize user accounts.

• On the Thank you! page, click Finish

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

8. INSTALLING CD BURNING SOFTWARE (NERO ETC.)

STEP 1: Insert CD into CD Drive which contains CD Burning

Software. (e.g. Nero is
used here). Setup.exe will Run automatically. If not, Click on
Setup.exe on
CD drive. It will extracts the compressed files for intallation
process. (see
following figure)

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 2: After completing decompressing, Click on Next

STEP 3: Click on ‘I accept the terms....’ . Click on Next.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 4: Enter User Name, Organization and Serial No. of

Software. Click on Next

STEP 5: Select Typical or Custom setup type (recommended

Typical). Click on Next

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

STEP 6: Now installation process will continue.

STEP 7: As seen in the following fig., some default setting are

required by the

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 Roll No:

installer. Click on Next

STEP 8: After completing installation, Click on Finish. Now the

CD Burning software
is ready to use.

V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE