Surface Roughness Testing

Surface Roughness Testing

J-1
 Surface Roughness Testing

Summary of Roughness Application of Roughness

Parameters Commonly Used
Arithmetical mean deviation of the
profile Ra
(ISO 4287, DIN 4768)
The arithmetical mean deviation of the profile
Ra is the mean value of the absolute value of
the profile departure y within the reference
length l.
Max. profile valley depth Rmax
(DIN 4768)
The max. profile valley depth Rmax is the largest
of the existing single roughness depths Zi in the
total measuring length lm.
According to ISO 4288 and DIN 4287 - Part 1,
this parameter is also called Ry max.
Mean roughness depth Rz DIN
(DIN 4768)
The mean roughness depth Rz is the arithmeti-
cal mean of the single roughness depths of
successive sampling lengths le.
According to ISO 4287 and DIN 4762, the para-
meter Rz DIN is also called Ry5.
Because Rz is named differently in DIN 4768
and ISO 4287, this paramater is also called
Rz DIN and Rz ISO.
When the parameter Rz is measured according
to DIN, it is generally admitted that the extrem
value ISO is also matched providing that Rz DIN
is not exceeding Rz ISO.
Comparison Specimens
For a long time, these specimens for testing the
surface finish quality have proven their value in
practical use.
They serve for touch and/or sight comparisons
with the surface of the workpieces that are
manufactured using the same method.
Condition is that materials have to be compa-
rable.
The comparison of the roughness of the work-
piece surface is not quantitatively expressed.
The extent to which the surfaces of both the
specimen and the workpiece are matched is
appreciated subjectively only.
Sight comparison requires optimum light source
angle. For small surfaces, the use of a magni-
fying glass with up to 8x magnification is recom-
mended.
Touch comparison is made using the finger nail
or a small cooper piece like a coin, for instance.

lt
R max
Z3
Z1

Z2

Z4

Z5

y m

Ra
0
x

Ie
5 x le = lm l

Pre-travel length Post-travel length

J-2
 Surface Roughness Testing

RUGOTEST Roughness Comparison

Specimens
For touch and/or sight comparisons with the surface of workpieces

✓ – Sets of roughness comparison specimens

DIN 4769 part 1 for individual machining methods according
and part 2
to ISO roughness parameters
Rust-resistant,
Nickel

Specimens RUGO- Number ISO

for roughness TEST of single roughness
comparison are no No. specimens parameters
reference specimens.
They are not suitable 81.112346 RUGOTEST A4
for calibrating surface consisting of the following single specimens :
roughness testers.
81.112053 Metal working 1 27 N2 to N10
81.112054 Hand grinding 2 6 N6 to N11
Leather case 81.112055 Shot blasting 3 18 N6 to N11
81.112056 Hand filing 4 6 N6 to N8
81.112345 RUGOTEST A6
consisting of the following single specimens :
81.112058 Planing 101 6 N6 to N11
81.112059 Turning 102 6 N5 to N10
81.112060 Face milling 103 6 N5 to N10
81.112061 Surface grinding 104 8 N1 to N8
81.112062 Cylindrical grinding 105 8 N1 to N8
81.112063 Spark erosion 107 6 N5 to N10

RUGOTEST
No. mm g
81.112053 1 135 x 105 160
81.112054 2 120 x 90 160
81.112055 3 120 x 90 190
81.112056 4 120 x 90 160
81.112057 5 120 x 90 200
81.112058 101 110 x 50 110
81.112059 102 110 x 50 105
81.112060 103 110 x 50 110
81.112061 104 130 x 50 125
81.112062 105 130 x 50 130
81.112063 107 110 x 50 110
81.112344 12 127 x 27 60
81.112346 A4 330 x 250 710
81.112345 A6 330 x 250 780

J-3
 Surface Roughness Testing

– Executions for individual

machining methods according
to ISO roughness parameters

ISO roughness parameters N0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11

Arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra µm 0,0125 0,025 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,8 1,6 3,2 6,3 12,5 25
µin 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 63 125 250 500 1000
Ten point height of irregularities Rz ISO µm / µin Characteristic related data may differ depending on the machining method applied
RUGO- Number
TEST of single
No. specimens
81.112053 Metal working 1 27
Side milling 3 ● ● ●
Face milling 5 ● ● ● ● ●
Turning/Planing 5 ● ● ● ● ●
Grinding 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
Lapping 4 ● ● ● ●
Finish grinding/Honing 4 ● ● ● ●
81.112054 Hand grinding 2 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112055 Shot blasting 3 18
Shot-blasting mean
– spherical coarse 3 ● ● ●
fine 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
– angular coarse 3 ● ● ●
fine 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112056 Hand filing 4 6
– straight 3 ● ● ●
– crossed 3 ● ● ●
81.112057 Hand polishing 5 10
Surface form
– cylindrical 5 ● ● ● ● ●
– plane 5 ● ● ● ● ●
81.112058 Planing 101 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112059 Turning 102 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112060 Face milling 103 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112061 Plane grinding 104 8 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112062 Circular grinding 105 8 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
81.112063 Spark erosion 107 6 ● ● ● ● ● ●

– Execution according to Charmille roughness

parameters (VDI 3400)
Charmille roughness parameters 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra µm 0,40 0,56 0,80 1,12 1,60 2,24 3,15 4,5 6,3 9,0 12,5 18,0
Number
of single
specimens
81.112344 Spark erosion 12 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

J-4
 Surface Roughness Testing

TESA® RUGOSURF Surface Roughness Gauge

Mobile and versatile roughness gauge that can be used in manufacturing
cells, receiving inspection and measurement laboratory – Solidly built and
easily handle – The selected accessories allow to inspect a wide variety
of forms and shapes of workpiece surfaces – Measurements can be perfor-
med in virtually any position – Measure small bores as well as grooves.
• The following roughness parameters can be measured:
✓ Arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra ISO 4287, DIN 4762, DIN 4768
Measuring prin- Max. height of the profile Ry ISO 4287, DIN 4762
ciple of the contact Max. profile valley depth Rmax ISO 4287, DIN 4768
system, piezoelectric Mean roughness depth Rz DIN DIN 4768 also called
corresponds to Ry5 ISO 4287
3-digit LC display • Integrated drive unit.
• Interchangeable probes with either a transverse or parallel chisel stylus.
0,01 µm • Easy-to-use parameter selection switch.
1 µin
• Comfortable, reliable reading of the results on the digital display.
See adjoining • Digital output for a direct value transmission to TESA PRINTER SPC
table or to a computer unit.
Classe 2
(± 10 %)
according to DIN 4772

Cut-off: 0.8 mm /
0.03 in
(ANSI 2RC filter) 4 possible measuring positions of the stylus
The total measuring
lenght lm may be set
for 1, 3 or 5
cut-off-lenghts

Feed rate
Vt : 5 mm / s
270°

15 mN

RS 232
180°
9 V alkaline ba- 90°
tery, IEC 6F22

≈ 3000 h

Durable cast
aluminium
housing
81.30000 TESA RUGOSURF Surface Roughness Gauge
delivered with the following standard accessories :
81.60002 1 standard probe with a 90° conical diamond stylus,
10 °C to 45 °C
5 µm in tip radius
81.60000 1 roughness standard, nominal value Ra = 3,1 µm
- 20 °C to 65 °C ø7,9
respectively 122 µin
Basic instrument 1 bottom plate, associated with the reference
without probe: standard
140 x 76 x 25 mm 81.60012 1 9 V alkaline battery, IEC 6F22
basic instr. without
probe: ≈435 g 3,8

Plastic case Evaluation Total displacement

Declaration lenght l / lm length lt Cut-off
of conformity. µm µin mm in mm in mm
Available upon request:
reference standard Ra 0,03 ÷ 6,35 1 ÷ 250 0,8 0.030 2,0 0.075 1 x 0,8
No. 81.60000 with Ry 0,2 ÷ 25,3 8 ÷ 999 2,4 0.090 3,5 0.135 3 x 0,8
calibration certificate Ra / Rz DIN / Rmax 0,2 ÷ 25,3 8 ÷ 999 4,0 0.150 5,0 0.195 5 x 0,8

J-5
 Surface Roughness Testing

Special Accessories for TESA RUGOSURF ✓

Surface Roughness Gauge Transport
packing
ø7,9

ø7,9 ø7,1
ø2,4

1,3
1,8 19,3

3,8 1,3 3,8 70,6

Transverse chisel probe Parallel chisel probe Small bore probe

Sapphire chisel stylus for measuring Diamond chisel stylus for lateral For measuring diameters ranging from
small shafts, sharp edges etc. measurement on small shafts, sharp 3,2 mm respectively 1/8 in, 90° conical
90° chisel stylus,10 µm in radius. edges etc. 90° chisel stylus, 10 µm in diamond stylus, 10 µm in tip radius
radius.

81.60005 81.60006 81.60003

73,6 ø7,9
14,2

ø2

2,8

Groove bottom probe Measuring stand Universal stand

For measuring hard-to-reach recesses, Clamp for vertical and horizontal 250 x 270 mm cast iron bottom plate,
90 ° conical diamond stylus, 10 µm in tip positioning of the instrument. Adjustable with ground measuring face. Vertical
radius device for height position. column, 31,7 mm in diameter, 213 mm
high. Adjustable swivel clamp.

81.60004 81.60007 81.60008

Vee fixture
Bottom plate with a Vee for holding
shafts up to 25 mm or 1 in dia.
Clamp for height adjustment. All parts
are nickel-plated.
Vee adaptor kit for checking hard-to-
reach surfaces on shafts
3 interchangeable Vees for diameters
from 5 to 125 mm respectively from
0.19 to 5 in.
Bottom plate with Vees
For measuring small parts (min. surface
19 x 19 mm) and short shafts with diame-
ters from 6,35 mm respectively 0.25 in,
and length of 38 mm or 1.5 in.

81.60010 81.60011 81.60009

J-6