A PAPER PRESENTATION ON

BY

AUTHORS

R.SAI BRUNDA PRATHYUSHA. V

III/IV B.Tech (ECE) III/IV B.Tech (ECE)

saibrunda@gmail.com prathyushavaliveti@gmail.com

NARAYANA ENGINEERING
COLLEGE: NELLORE
ABSTRACT person visualize listen and feel other
senses almost Like human beings with
This report is an introduction to the help of computer interface and huge
VirtualReality, creation of Virtual- number of technologies.
world, how to interact with the 2. What is Virtual Reality?
virtual world and also explain When most people think of Virtual
various Virtual Reality Reality (VR), they picture someone
Applications in the real world. wearing a large, funny-looking headset
"Virtual reality (VR) is a and other devices and making strage
computer-generated simulation of motions in the air, like this guy:
a real or imaginary environment
with which the user can interact
and manipulate". VR is a
technology which brings drastic
changes in the world of computers.
Virtual environment can represent
any three-dimensional world that However, VR has a much broader
is either real or abstract. This definition and can be experienced in
includes real systems like several different ways. Merriam-Webster
buildings, landscapes, underwater Online defines virtual reality as "an
shipwrecks, and spacecrafts, artificial environment which is
archaeological. experienced through sensory stimuli (as
sights and sounds) provided by a
1. INTRODUCTION: computer and in which one's actions
partially determine what happens in the
In the recent past there were environment".
harsh changes in the World of
computers. New technologies have been 3. Types of virtualReality
evolved which are changing the world.
The virtual reality is also one of such VR can be divided into two basic
technologies.Which would make a types - text-based and graphics-based.
Text-based virtual environments are familiar with the computer graphics used
created by two or more networked users in movies and in video games. Online
in multi-user domains, or MUDs, over 3D environments are created using this
the Internet. MUDs are used mostly for same technology.
internet gaming and role-play. And
education.
In general, people are most familiar
with graphics-based VR. In graphics-
based systems, the virtual envrionment is
created to visually simulate a real or
imaginary world. Technically, these
environments can be either two-nsional FIG 1: An Eample 3D graphics
(2D) or three-dimensional (3D).
After a graphic is fully rendered, it
4.How does Virtual Reality must go through several different
processes, called transforms, in order to
Work and Who is Developing
be displayed on a 2D screen. In
It?
interactive 3D worlds, as a user changes
Virtual environments can be
his or her perspective, the computer
created in two different ways depending
must process several different
on the desired result. The first method is
complicated mathematical formulas to
to photograph real-world spaces and
respond to the user's new viewpoint.
arrange the pictures with a computer so
that they look three-dimensional (have
height, width, and depth). This type of
virtual reality is being developed by
companies like QuickTime and used to
give virtual tours of various real places,
such as cities, landmarks, and museums.
The second method involves
creating virtual worlds with 3D
computer graphics. Most of us are
FIG2: Screenshot of 3D virtual world
5. Technology
Science fiction writs have already
been exploring the role of computer in
future world and have described a
synthetic 3D universe that
believable as real physical universe.
Such VR systems creates a cyberspace
where it is possible so interact with
anything anything and anyone on a
virtual level.
pilots can acquire flying skills without
involving an aeroplane or airports.
Professional pilots users simulations to
practice the flying strategies under
emergency or hazardous condition or to
train on new aircraft types
8. Input Devices and other Sensual
is as
Technologies
A variety of input devices like
data gloves, joysticks, and hand-held
wands allow the user to navigate through
a virtual environment and to interact
with virtual objects.

6. Computer Graphics:- A data glove allows for interactions

It provides the with the virtual world:
basis for creations to synthetic images
while a HMD sullies the users eyes with
a stereoscopic view of a computer
generated world. computer technique
can be used to store 3d objects as
geometric descriptions which can then
be converted in to an image by
specifying information such as the
objects color, position and orientation in FIG 3:A Data Glove
space and from what location it is to be
.
viewed.
7. Simulation: 9. Virtual Reality Exposure:
This can be made clear with the
example of a flight Simulation . A flight Virtual Reality Exposure involves
simulation is a training system where exposing the patient to a virtual
environment containing the feared
stimulus in place of taking the patient
into a real environment or having the
patient imagine the stimulus.
A team of therapists and computer
scientists led by Drs. Hodges and
Rothbaum conducted the first controlled
study of virtual reality exposure therapy
in the treatment of a psychological
disorder (American Journal of
Psychiatry: April, 1995). In that study
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy was
shown to be very effective in reducing
acrophobic subjectsU anxiety and
avoidance of heights, and in improving
attitudes toward heights.
FIG 4: Real and Virtual world
10. Types of VR systems
The most difficult thing in the VR is
to produce the interaction between the
virtual world and the human but not the
production of the virtual world.
depending on this virtual is divided into
following categories.
i. Immersive VR
In immersive VR the users are
completely isolated from outside world
and he is placed in an entirely computer
generated and simulated world.
Shared Virtual Environments
In the example
illustrated below, three networked users
at different locations (anywhere in the
world) meet in the same virtual world by
using a BOOM device, a CAVE system,
and a Head-Mounted Display,
respectively. All users see the same
virtual environment from their respective
points of view. Each user is presented as
a virtual human (avatar) to the other
participants. The users can see each
other, communicated with each other,
and interact with the virtual world as a
team.

FIG 4: shared virtual Environment
ii. Non Immersive :-
The non immersive VR system is
just a standard computer or television
monitor used to display virtual world.
Today, the term 'Virtual Reality' is also
used for applications that are not fully
immersive. Apple's QuickTime VR, for
example, uses photographs for the
modeling of three-dimensional worlds
and provides pseudo look-around and
walk-trough capabilities on a graphics
monitor.
11. Creation of Virtual World
i. Through-the –window system:-
. In the case of desktop screens,
the viewer’s head position and
orientation can be used to control the
view point of the computer generated
images. This creates the impression of
looking into a window beyond which
exists some volume of spaces. These
systems are called through the window
and require only a graphics workstation
and a simple head tracker.
ii. Multi-participant Systems
Modern computer
systems support multi-user and recent
Advance in video technology, especially
in the areas of real-time image Compress
have made real-time collaboration
working a reality . The ability to support
multiple participations in a logical and
scalable way is a key issue for future
virtual reality systems .
iii. WINDOW ON WORLD(WOW):
IT’s a normal virtual world that
has been developed on a desktop PC .
the most common form of the wow are
computer games that uses 3D simulation
to the real worlds .Here the viewer has to
peer in to the visual world using monitor
placed on desk top.
iv. Telepresence:

This is another technique in VR
whose we use some remote sensors
placed some where in the virtual world
that maps the human actions and co-
relates them to the actions that has to be
done by the objects in the virtual world .
this type of virtual reality is being used
by the fire fighters in some critical
conditions special robots fixed with this
type of sensors help them a lot.
V. MIXED REALITY
This is a technique combining the
VR systems and the telepresence . here
the inputs to both the telepresence and
VR systems are fed as inputs . the
fighters see the maps generated by the
computers and correlate them with the
data available with them. The surgeons
correlate the image taken by the CAT
scans and the ones taken by the
computers.
12. Hardware
There are various hardware
requirements for virtual reality they are
as follows
i.Manipulation and control
devices:
The simplest hardware device for
virtual reality is a mouse trackball and
joystick. These are the conventional
hardware used for VR using systems.
Creative programming can make them
useful for 3D and 6D controls. There are
also a no of 3D and 6D mice, trackball
and joysticks. These have some extra
buttons for controlling not only the xy
transformations , but also the Z
transformations of pointer, its rotation
also.
ii. 3D mice:-
A handheld 3Dmouse is
employed by the user to direct an icon
on the user’s 3Dgraphic interface. The
mouse has various buttons. One button is
used to ‘pick’ a virtual object when it
interacts with the 3Dicon associated with
the mouse. In the way the user can
identify specific objects and manipulate
them within the VE.
iii.CAVE
The CAVE (Cave Automatic
Virtual Environment) was developed at
the University of Illinois at Chicago and
provides the illusion of immersion by
projecting stereo images on the walls commercially available HMD, the
and floor of a room-sized cube. famous "EyePhone" system .

FIG: 5 CAVEsystem FIG 6 : A Typical HMD

To overcome the often uncomfortable

iv. Glove:- intrusiveness of a head-mounted display,
One other most commonly used alternative concepts (e.g., BOOM and
motion tracking device is an electronic CAVE) for immersive viewing of virtual
Glove. The Data Glove developed by environments were developed.
VPL can monitor the status of the user’s
fingers. This is achieved through the use Vi. BOOM DISPLAY:
of this fiber optics attached to the back The BOOM Device was
of the glove’s fingers. developed by fake space corporation’s.

V. Head-mounted display:(HMD)
BOOM:
The BOOM (Binocular
The head-mounted display
Omni-Orientation Monitor) from
(HMD) was the first device providing its
Fakespace is a head-coupled
wearer with an immersive experience.
stereoscopic display device. Screens and
Evans and Sutherland demonstrated a
optical system are housed in a box that is
head-mounted stereo display already in
attached to a multi-link arm. The user
1965. It took more then 20 years before
looks into the box through two holes,
VPL Research introduced a
sees the virtual world, and can guide the
box to any position.

13. Software
There are many dedicated to
develop the tools for creating the virtual
worlds. The software tools are under 14.VR-relatedTechnologies:

Other VR-related technologies

i. Sense8’s world toolkit:-
combine virtual and real environments.
It is a library of C Functions
Motion trackers are employed to monitor
that can be used to write C programs for
the movements of dancers or
developing and interacting with virtual
worlds. The user writes a C program
athletes for subsequent studies in
referencing the functions.
immersive VR. The technologies of
'Augmented Reality' allow for the
ii. Supers cape’s VRT:- viewing of real environments with
It is an integrated VR system superimposed virtual objects.
consisting of several editors the most
important of which are the shape editor
MIME:- (multi purpose internet
and the world editor.
mail extension)
Shape Editor: it provides interactive
tools for building polygonal objects . Meme was also

World Editor: it organizes the developed by Marcde Groot. It supports

construction of virtual worlds from these a multi-user ingerface. It was designed

objects. with high performance capabilities, fast

real time 3D easily customize for use
with HMD’s data gloves and other VR
peripherals. It is a platform independent
standard for networked VR. It is
designed in such a way that it can run an
memory limited machines, it runs in
less than 500KB of memory.
It enables the construction of virtual
worlds on the internet . it is fully
interactive and portable .
)

Other language FIG:7 Real and abstract virtual

Now new language are
being designed like JAVA 3D,X3D
these language are under developing
stage and they have been developing for
providing web3D.
15. VR Applications
worlds (Michigan Stadium, Flow
Structure):
Useful applications of VR include
training in a variety of areas (military,
medical, equipment operation, etc.),
education, design evaluation (virtual
prototyping), architectural walk-through,
human factors and ergonomic studies,

As the technologies of simulation of assembly sequences and

virtual reality evolve, the applications of maintenance tasks, assistance for the

VR become literally unlimited. Note that handicapped, study and treatment of

a virtual environment can represent any phobias (e.g., fear of height),

three-dimensional world that is either entertainment, and much more.

real or abstract. This includes real

systems like buildings, landscapes, i. Virtual reality to war strategies

underwater shipwrecks, spacecrafts,

archaeological excavation sites, human SIMNET is the first war related

anatomy, sculptures, crime scene virtual reality application . this project is

reconstructions, solar systems, and so standardization being pushed by the

on. USA defence department to enable

diverse simulation to be interconnected
into a vast network . the solders can be
trained to the war by developed a virtual surgical procedure such as
world that looks exactly the war field. laparoscopice’s, ends copies and also
This helps them in knowing how to deal other minimally invasive surgeries.
in war fields. Distributed interaction Virtual reality provides a view of the
system(DIS) surgical field normally.
Protocol has been developed by the Blocked during such
Orlando institute of training and procedures and enables trainees to get
simulation which is the future of VR in much needed practice in the left-right
war strategies motion inversion obligatory for the
operation of instruments in minimally
ii. Virtual reality in cockpit invasive surgeries. In contrast to the use
simulation :- of cadavers which can only be dissected
once and which are becoming more
The next step in VR is difficult to procure, it allows students to
cockpit simulation. This is used in access library to of healthy and
training the pilots. With the help of VR pathologic body tissue 3D images as
the entire cockpit is simulated. The pilot their convenience, and perform the
is placed in the thus developed virtual same.
world and the computer guides him by
giving the maps and the feeling that he is iv.Virtual reality in designing
piloting an actual flight. This helps him aspects:-
in dealing with the critical conditions Virtual reality helps in
that may arise while he is piloting an designing the virtual models of the
actual flight. The maps generated by the certain objects. By building the virtual
computer and the data available with the model works what the defects may be
pilot are correlated to know the paths. and how we can overcome the previous
defects. These all cannot be seen by
iii. Virtual reality in medical actually developing the model as it

applications: includes a lot of cast and laborious time.

This concept of VR is being is most used
Virtual reality is now being used
in the designing of conceptual cars.
to train physicians to carry out in tricate
Concept cars are being designed to study
new ideas. Most of these designs are
never built.
V. Virtual reality in web
development:-
Suppose a person
needs to see Taj Mahal or Eiffel Tower,
he needs to go that place and start stare
at it. But with the help of VR we can
develop the virtual model of the entire
construction and by placing it in the
web, the user in facilitated to see that
massive construction on-line. There are
already many virtual models of the
huge historical construction placed on
web. The virtual model of Taj
Mahal is placed at www.avatara.com
even most of the universities have their
virtual models embedded in to their web
sites.
Vi.Telemedicine Applications
Virtual reality exposure
therapy is appropriate for networked
delivery of clinical psychology and
psychiatry services to remote locations.
Since the patient is receiving therapy
within a virtual environment, the
clinician conducting the therapy session
could be present physically or participate
via computer networks from a remote
location.
ADVANTAGES:-
Virtual reality has a lot of
advantages that have improved main
categories like medicine, architecture,
design, entertainment and education.
Surd eons use VR system to plan and
practice operations in v.patients instead
of actual human beings.
Network VR simulations could enable
many people to feel themselves to be
present at teleconference, in v.surgical
operating theatres, even thought they
may be on different continents.
In architecture and design VR stuff
material lets them see what the real life
structure/production will look like before
they have even begun
construction/production.
Conclusion:-
The VR is riding on the back of
computer technology and relies upon an
unusual integration of nature system
elements. Infutup will be a rapid more
towards virtual representation of objects Reference:
of environments. BOOKS:
We hope that in the near future as
the technology became advanced and it  VIRTUAL REALITY:THE
becomes more cheaper easily accessible REVOLUTIONARY

finally that it is limited only by our TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTER-

GENERATED
imaginations.
 ARTIFICIAL WORLDS-AND HOW
IT

Sites:
 www.altavista.com
 www.amazon.com
 www.msnsearch.com
 www.metesearch.com