3/12/2011

STATICS
Week 9
STATICS Friction
Week 9 Dry Friction
Friction
By Alden Paul D. Balili

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 When pushing any object lying on the ground, we could  The term dry friction is used to describe friction force
notice that we need to reach a certain force before the for surfaces without fluids on them.
object moves
 The force that resist this push is called friction.

What is this force?

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 To explain dry friction, let us use the block below as an
example.
 Due to the weight and force P, forces against P and W are
developed at each particle in the contact surface due to
its roughness.
 Adding the cumulative effect to each particle, we can
represent each the total normal reaction and friction
force to one force.
 Note that N must be perpendicular to the surface
 And F is tangent to the surface

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Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Also, by consequence of M = 0. The location of N must  Through experiments it was found out that frictional
be certain distance x from the center due to the force could be related to the normal force by the
overturning effects of P. following equation
 Also, since F is a consequence of N forces. N and F
should have the same location
 Where s is the coefficient of static friction.
Note that nothing  The rougher the surface the higher is this coefficient
will counter the
overturning effects
 Note: the term static is used because there is no
of P if N is movement occurring yet.
arranged as such
N

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sometimes the angle of static friction is given. This is  In the case that the object is already moving, the following
acquired through the following equation. frictional force equation could be used

 And could ggraphically

p y be represented
p as per
p below
 Where k is the coefficient of kinetic friction.
 The rougher the surface the higher is this coefficient
 Note: This value is usually lower than s.

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Q: Is frictional force constant?  Phase 1: Applied force < Fs = s N. No movement
 A: Definitely Not. There are phases we need to consider  There is no movement yet and the frictional force is
for friction. equal to the force applied

You are here

P

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Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Phase 2: Applied force ~ Fs = s N. Movement impending  Phase 3: Applied force > Fs = s N. There is movement
 The object is on the verge of slipping. Hence, F = s N  The object is has slipped and F = k N. This is usually
applied in DYNAMIC subject!

P P

You are here You are here

F = s N F = s N

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Types of Problems  Types of Problems
 No apparent Impending Motion  Impending motion at all points of contact.
 Could assume that no slipping occurs but must be checked if  Assume that all contact surface is on the verge of slipping.
 F < s N for confirmation.

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Types of Problems  Sample Problem 1
 Impending motion at some points of contact.
 May need more calculations to check which surface is slipping.
 Usual approach is to get minimum force that would cause slipping for
either one of the surfaces

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Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 1 - Answer  Sample Problem 1 - Answer

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 2  Sample Problem 2 - Answer

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 2 - Answer  Sample Problem 2 - Answer

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Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 3  Sample Problem 3 - Answer

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 3 - Answer  Sample Problem 4

Dry Friction Dry Friction

 Sample Problem 4 - Answer  Sample Problem 4 - Answer

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Dry Friction
 Sample Problem 4 - Answer

STATICS
Week 9
Friction
Belt Friction

Belt Friction Belt Friction

 Belts in contact along a circular surface will have friction  Due to friction, some T2 forces will be resisted by
along its contact surfaces friction, hence T1 will be smaller.
 The normal and frictional forces will vary along the
contact surface as shown

Which is larger? T2 or T1?

Belt Friction Belt Friction

 Getting the FBD of a small segment ds we can derive the  By simplifying these equations using the following
effect for the whole contact surface by using equilibrium assumptions
equations  O
 Product of dT and d/2 is equal to zero.
 We have the following equations

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Belt Friction Belt Friction

 Integrating the previous equation for the limits shown  Sample Problem 1
below we have

Solving for T2

Where

Belt Friction Belt Friction

 Sample Problem 1 - Answer  Sample Problem 1 - Answer

STATICS
Week 9
The End! Thank you!

By Alden Paul D. Balili