Saint Louis University

Graduate School of Nursing

Baguio City

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in the course

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS IN GERONTOLOGY
NURSING

Output
“MISTREATREATMENT AND SLEEP QUALITY INDEX”

Submitted by:
Joebert D. Obillo, BSN, RN

Submitted to:
Ms. Thea Liza Santos Batan

Date of Submission:
JANUARY 7, 2010

Older people mistreatment

 Is the tool specific? (Does it directly assess the area under study? i.e. If the area under
study is cognition, are all the questions focused on cognition?)
-I believe the tool is quite specific as it speaks to a lot of factors on different areas
for assessment when an older people is abused or mistreated. According to
Acierno et al (2009), topics for interview covered the following; Recent Health;
Prior Traumatic Stressors; Social support available; Emotional Mistreatment;
Physical Mistreatment; Sexual Mistreatment; Financial Exploitation; Neglect
;Household Demographics. The tool, though it has a lot of areas for assessment still
has specific items to be considered.

 Is the tool complete? (Does it cover all the aspects/ dimensions of the area under study? i.e.
Are all the areas of cognition explored?)

-I deem the tool to be complete. Objective and Subjective cues should be

considered. There seems to be a lot of unreported cases because estimates for
older people mistreatment rely only from self-reports (Acireno et al, 2009). Victims
are also hesitant in reporting abuse experiencd because of desire for privacy, shame
and blame on self (Pearsall, 2006) . Forensic markers for older people abuse
included physical abuse, psychological, neglect and self neglect (Pearsall, 2006) and
the 41 item tool covers both subjective and objective cues that helps cover all the
dimensions under study . All possible indicators for physical and emotional abuse
and neglect and self-neglect were also mentioned in the tool.

 Is the tool easy to use? (both for the older person and the nurse)
-Yes. Indicators help a lot in assessing mistreatment. But there should also be a
deviation in assessing for community residing and cognitively impaired older people
(Acierno et al, 2009) as setting and condition may affect the result of the assessment
tool.

 Is the tool feasible/ applicable to the Philippine setting?

- I think the tool is applicable to the Philippine setting. In fact, the congress of the
Philippines acknowledges that ‘elderly abuse may it be severe or mild is severely
underreported (Santiago, 2007) and a bill was made to ensure the protection of
older people.

References
Internet Documents

Pearsall, C. (2006). Forensic biomarkers of elder abuse: what clinicians need to know.
Retrieved January 6, 2011 from: http://www.medscape.com

Santiago, M (2007). Senate n.b. no. 1344. Retrieved January 6, 2011 from:
http://www.centroreinasofia.es

Acierno, R, Tejada, M, Steve K. (2009). National elder mistreatment study. Retrieved

January 6, 2011 from: http://www.ncjrs.gov

Sleep Quality index

  Is the tool specific?
- I believe the tool is fairly specific. Indicators for sleep quality were mentioned in
the tool and are solely focused on sleep quality. These items are multiple areas
that directly assess factors affecting sleep quality. Domains (for assessment)
include medical, physical, cognitive, psychological, and social matters (Fragoso,
Gill, 2007) and these areas make the tool specific in nature.

 Is the tool complete? (Does it cover all the aspects/ dimensions of the area under
study? i.e. Are all the areas of cognition explored?)
- I consider the tool to be complete. The items to be considered and mentioned in
the tool practically pertains to health functioning and ‘poor health functioning is
directly proportional to depression which is a risk factor for poor sleep quality
(Motivala, 2006). Also, mechanisms like normal-aging and age-related increases
in disease prevalence greatly affect homeostasis and circadian rhythm which in
turn also affects sleep quality and diagnostic tools (for sleep quality) should
consider, in addition to primary sleep disorders, multiple domains, including
medical, physical, cognitive, psychological, and social matters (Fragoso, Gill,
2007) . The items for assessment found in the tool helps explore aging factors
that affect sleep quality in older people.

 Is the tool easy to use? (both for the older person and the nurse)
- Yes. I reckon the tool is easy to use by both the older person and the nurse. The
tool uses both open and close-ended questions which are easy to use and
‘having both of them provides complementary data ( Edginton, Holbrook, 2010)’ .

 Is the tool feasible/ applicable to the Philippine setting?

- I think the tool is applicable to the Philippine setting. Sleep is a universal need and
sleep problems are common among the older people(Medline Plus).

Internet Periodicals

Motivala, S.J., Levin, M.J., Oxman, M.N., & Irwin, M.R. (2006). Impairments in health functioning
& sleep quality in older adults with a history of depression. Journal of American
Geriatric Society, 54(8), Retrieved January 6, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm

Fragoso, C.A., Gill, T.M. (2007) Sleep complaints in community-living older persons: a
multifactorial geriatric syndrome. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 55(11),
Retrieved January 6, 2011, from: http://www.medscape.com

Edginton, A, Holbrook, J. (2010). A blended learning approach to teaching basic

pharmacokinetics and the significance of face-to-face interaction. American Journal of
Pharmaceutical Education, 74(5). Retrieved January 6, 2011, from:
http://www.medscape.com