FKA.B.PP.03 Ed.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR
SEMESTER I, SESI 2007/2008

KOD KURSUS : SAB 4983/ SAM 5983

KURSUS : PENGURUSAN KUALITI AIR

PROGRAM : SAS/ SAW

MASA : 2 JAM

TARIKH : NOVEMBER 2007

ARAHAN KEPADA CALON :

1. JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN

Amaran!
Pelajar-pelajar yang didapati meniru semasa peperiksaan, boleh
dikenakan tindakan tatatertib dan Fakulti boleh mencadangkan supaya
di buang pengajian.

KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA ( 6 ) MUKA SURAT BERCETAK SAHAJA

 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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SECTION A

Q1. Describe the role of water quality monitoring in a water quality

management programme and highlight its importance. Discuss the
water quality monitoring currently conducted in Malaysia.
(6 marks)

Q2. Contaminants carried by surface runoff contribute to a large percentage

of the water pollution problems in Malaysia. Discuss how existing
legislation can be improvised or changed to overcome or mitigate
water quality problems caused by surface runoff.
(4 marks)

Q3. Compare the following. Describe its application in a water quality

management programme for a river.

i. Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI)

ii. Malaysian Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS)

(6 marks)
 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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SECTION B

Q4. There are some varieties of natural WWTs (Waste Water Treatment
Systems).

a) Give some examples (including illustration) and discuss the

differences among them.

b) What is the advantages and disadvantages using NTSs (Natural

Treatment Systems) compared to conventional treatment systems.

c) Discuss the difference among natural wetland, constructed wetland

and systems of floating aquatic plants.
(15 marks)

Q5. Suppose a series of conventional treatment systems of rotating

biological contactor (RBC) installed in surrounding areas near a town
with a size of 12,000 population equivalents. You are asked to reduce
the operating cost of wastewater treatment system. Assume FWSs was
selected as an alternative to the current wastewater treatment system
for BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) removal.

From a survey we found the wastewater influent and effluent flow rate
are 80.5 m3/h and 79.5 m3/h respectively; BOD5 per person per day is
65 mg/L and required BOD5 after purification is 20 mg/L; basin depth
is 0.5 m, fraction of cross sectional area of basin not occupied by
plants is 0.75; specific surface area for microbiological activity is
ignored. Seasonal temperature is shown below.
 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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Period Average
temperature (oC)
December – February -5
March – May 14
June – August 20
September – November 10

a) Discuss the feasibility of installing FWSs only for the whole year

(Hint: refer to the above temperature table).

(5 marks)

b) Use your judgment to design and propose your new waste water

treatment scheme. Show your calculation.

(10 marks)

c) Based on your new scheme in b) how much (in percentage) you expect

for the operating cost reduction in one year operation period. Assume

the total cost of land and other wetland related cost are 50% cheaper

than the total operating cost of RBC. Show your calculation.

(10 marks)
 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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SECTION C

Q6. (a) Malaysia is not a lakeland country where there is no glacial and
volcanic activity. Describe how a lake could be form in Malaysia and
give examples of two natural lake and two man made lake in Malaysia.
(4 marks)

(b) Explain the process of thermal stratification and turnover at Upper

Layang Reservoir which is located in Johor, Malaysia.
(8 marks)

(c) Describe the impact of cultural eutrophication in a lake. Illustrate

your answer with the aid of a diagram

(8 marks)
 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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Q7. The reservoir below has total phosphorus concentration exceeding 1.80 mg/L
and total nitrogen concentration exceeding 2.50 mg/L. Algal blooms are a
common occurence in the reservoir which increases the cost of treatment at the
Water Treatment Plant. Identify the sources of the nutrients inputs and propose
measures to reduce the occurence of algal bloom in the reservoirs.
(20 marks)
 SAB 4983/ SAM 5983
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FKA.B.PP.05.Ed.1

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
SEMESTER : I SESI : 2007/2008 PROGRAM : SAS/ SAW

KURSUS : PENGURUSAN KUALITI AIR KOD KURSUS : SAB 4983/ SAM 5983

Formula:

Ct = Co exp (-0.7Ka1.75 t)
K = oxidation rate constant (d-1)
Ct, Co = effluent, influent BOD concentration (mg/L)
KT C = K20oC (T-20) ; K20oC = 0.0057/ day.
o

= temperature correction coefficient = 1.1

a = specific surface area for microbiological activity (m2/m3) = 15.7
t = detention time (days)
T = operating temperature (oC)
L, W, D = length, width, depth (m)
t = (nWLD)/Q
n = fraction of cross sectional area of basin not occupied by reeds = 0.75
V = volume of basin (m3)
Q = (Qin + Qout)/2 = mean flow rate through basin (m3/day)
Ct = Co exp (-Kt’)
t’ = (WLD)/Q
t = t’/
t = L/v = L/kS