MT3239 Polimer Hayati

(3 SKS)
Dr. Lia Asri & Steven, ST., MT.

lia.asri@material.itb.ac.id steven@material.itb.ac.id

Program Studi Teknik Material

Fakultas Teknik Mesin dan Dirgantara
 Rencana Pembelajaran

Pertemuan TOPIK (LIA) Pertemuan TOPIK (STEV)

1 Pendahuluan: Polimer dan 8 UTS
Biopolimer.
2 Protein 9 Bioplastik
3 Polisakarida: Starch 10 Bioplastik (Project)
4 Polisakarida: Lignoselulosa 11 Bioplastik
5 Polisakarida: kitin, kitosan, alginate 12 Biopolimer untuk aplikasi struktural
6 *Kuliah Tamu (24 Februari 2021) 13 Biopolimer untuk material maju
7 Biobased Polymer 14 Biopolimer untuk aplikasi biomedis
Pertemuan TOPIK (LIA)
1 Pendahuluan: Polimer dan Biopolimer. a. Overview polimer
b. Definisi biopolymer, polimer alam, biobased polymer
c. Klasifikasi
d. Sumber biopolimer
2 Protein a. Asam amino dan protein
b. Struktur protein (primer, sekunder, tersier, kuartener)
c. Sifat umum protein, Protein vs polisakarida
d. Contoh protein dan material berbasis protein
3 Polisakarida: Starch a. Karbohidrat
b. Sakarida, polisakarida dan strukturnya
Tugas c. Struktur dan komposisi pati
d. Struktur granula pati
e. Material berbasis pati
4 Polisakarida: Lignoselulosa a. Sumber selulosa
b. Fiber selulosa dan komposisinya
c. Isolasi selulosa
d. Struktur selulosa; molekular vs supermulekular
e. Struktur selulosa: bentuk kristalin
f. Nanosleulosa
g. Aplikasi selulosa
Outlines
1. What is cellulose
2. Sources of cellulose
3. Fibers and chemical composition of fibers
4. Isolation of cellulose
5. Cellulose structure: molecular vs. supramolecular
6. Cellulose structure: crystalline forms of cellulose
7. Morphology of native cellulose: microfibril
8. Physical Properties of cellulose
9. Nanocellulose: Nanofibrillar cellulose and Cellulose nanocrystals
10. Cellulose derivatives
11. Cellulose-based products
Types of nanocellulose: Terminological issues!!
1. Nanofibrillar cellulose
2. Microfibrillar cellulose
3. Cellulose nanofibrils
4. Cellulose microfibrils
5. Cellulose nanofibres
6. Cellulose nanocrystals
7. Cellulose whiskers
8. Cellulose nanowhiskers
9. Microcrystalline cellulose
10. Nanocrystalline cellulose
Types of nanocellulose: terminological issues
TAPPI = Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
Nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
Basic practical difference NFC vs. CNC
Nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
Note on bacterial cellulose
Why do we want nanocellulose?
Ultrastructure of native cellulose
Remark on terms
Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
1. Mechanical disintegration
2. Chemical isolation
Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
mechanical disintegration
Microfluidization

• the microfluidizer operates at a

constant shear rate. The fluid
slurry is pumped through a z-
shaped chamber, where it reaches
a high shear force
• It is necessary to repeat the
process several times to improve
the degree of fibrillation
• The pressure can reach levels as
high as 40 000 psi ~~ 276MPa
Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
mechanical disintegration
Grinding

• During grinding, a fiber

fibrillation process is conducted
by passing the cellulose slurry
between static and rotating
grindstones revolving at
approximately 1500 rpm, which
applies a shearing stress to the
fibers.
• many passes are required to
generate the fibrillated cellulose.
Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
different raw materials

Hassan et al. Wood Sc. Technol. 2012, 46, 193.

 Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
chemical isolation

TEMPO-mediated oxidation
- 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical
(TEMPO) is an oxidation catalyst
- TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO –system selectively
oxidized primary alcohols in polysaccharides,
i.e., C6 position in cellulose
Nanofibrillar cellulose: bacterial cellulose
Preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose:
chemical isolation
Other chemical means to obtain NFC:
periodate oxidation
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)

• CNC exhibits an elongated rod-like shape and has very

limited flexibility comparedto CNF, because of its higher
crystallinity
NCC preparation via acid hydrolysis
Surface charge of NCC

NCC prepared with HCl or HBr do not disperse in water

Chemical isolation: TEMPO Oxidation