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Adriano Steffler
© 2019 por Adriano Steffler
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SUMÁRIO
INTRODUÇÃO
COMO USAR ESTE LIVRO
1º DIA: O ALFABETO E OS SONS DO INGLÊS
2º DIA: REGRAS ORTOGRÁFICAS GERAIS
3º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS VOGAIS
4º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS COMBINAÇÕES DE VOGAIS
5º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS CONSOANTES
6º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS COMBINAÇÕES DE CONSOANTES
7º DIA: ENTONAÇÃO
APÊNDICE
BIBLIOGRAFIA
INTRODUÇÃO
Algumas das vogais do inglês são tão próximas que quase não podem
ser distinguidas. Nesses casos, é necessário treinar até conseguir
pronunciar e distinguir, com perfeição, cada uma delas.
A seguir, é explicada a pronúncia de cada vogal existente no inglês:
a: como o <a> em “lá”.
ɑ: sem equivalência no português: é formado como o
<a> de “fato”, mas com os lábios fechados, como se se
pronunciasse o <ó> de “pó”.
ɒ: sem equivalência no português: semelhante ao <ó>
de “pó”, mas com os lábios mais fechados.
æ: sem equivalência no português: é um fonema entre o
<a> de “pato” e o <é> de “fé”.
ɛ: como o <é> em “pé”.
ɜ: sem equivalência no português: é formado como se se
pronunciasse o <â> de “âmbar”, sem nasalização,
aproximando-o ao som de <é> em “fé”.
ə: sem equivalência no português: esse fonema se
assemelha ao <â> de “câmara”, sem nasalização.
o: como o <o> em “hoje”.
ʌ: sem equivalência no português: é formado como o
<ó> de “só”, mas com os lábios abertos, como se se
pronunciasse o <é> de “pé”.
ɔ: como o <ó> em “pó”.
e: como o <e> em “vejo”.
ɪ: sem equivalência no português: é um fonema entre o
<e> de “lê” e o <i> de “ripa”.
ʊ: sem equivalência no português: é um fonema entre o
<o> de “sovar” e o <u> de “luta”.
i: como o <i> em “pipa”.
u: como o <u> em “tudo”.
Vogal ɒ
1. COMUM A vogal ɒ é grafada <o> em: biology, block, bod, body, bot,
bother, bottle, box, broth, chop, clock, clog, cloth, cobble, collage,
collar, column, commerce, common, contact, copy, cost, cotton, dock,
dog, doll, donjon, donkey, dot, drop, dross, ecology, economy, fodder,
fog, follow, folly, fond, font, fop, fox, frog, from, geology, geometry,
goggle, gone, gong, gospel, gossip, got, hop, hot, hover, involve, job,
jolly, jostle, knob, knock, knot, lobby, lobster, lock, locker, log, logic,
long, lost, lot, mock, model, modest, moss, moth, nod, not, nozzle,
object (substantivo), obvious, odd, off, on, opossum, opposite, ox,
philosophy, plot, pod, policy, pop, possible, pot, pottery, probably,
problem, product, profit, rob, rock, rod, roster, rot, rotten, shock, shop,
socket, soft, solace, solemn, solid, sonic, stock, stop, strong, throttle,
tonic, top, toss, toxic, upon, volume, wrong
2. COMUM A vogal ɒ é grafada <a> em: quadric, quadruple, qualify,
quality, quantity, quantum, restaurant, squad, squander, squash, squat,
squat, swab, swallow, swamp, swan, swap, swash, swat, swatch, wad,
waffle, wallet, wan, wand, wander, want, was, wash, wasp, watch,
what, wrath, yacht
3. RARO A vogal ɒ é grafada <au> em: cauliflower, laurel, maul,
sausage
4. ANÔMALO A vogal ɒ é grafada <ho> em: honest, honour
5. ANÔMALO A vogal ɒ é grafada <aw> em: slaw
Vogal ɛ
1. COMUM A vogal ɛ é grafada <e> em: accept, American, atmospheric,
banket, bed, bell, bend, berry, beryl, best, bet, better, bred, cell, cent,
center, ceremony, cherry, correct, deck, dental, desk, dress, ebb,
eclectic, edge, edit, egg, end, enemy, errand, error, ever, expect,
experiment, export, felt, ferry, forget, gender, general, get, hell, hen,
help, heroism, hotel, intend, interrogate, jet, kettle, led, leg, lemon, lent,
lesson, let, letter, level, levy, medal, meddle, melon, merit, merry,
mess, met, metal, neck, nest, net, next, pebble, peddle, pen, press,
pressure, protect, question, red, rent, rental, request, rest, scent, self,
sell, send, sent, set, settle, seven, shed, shredder, smell, special,
spend, suggest, swell, tell, tennis, terrible, theft, very, vest, vex, web,
wedding, well, went, wet, when, whether, yell, yes, yesterday
2. COMUM A vogal ɛ é grafada <ea> em: abreast, ahead, airhead,
already, bedstead, bread, breadth, breakfast, breast, breath,
cleanliness, cleanse, cleanse, dead, deadline, deadly, deaf, deafen,
dealt, death, dread, dreadful, dreadnaught, dreamt, endeavor,
farmstead, feather, head, header, heading, headline, headstart, health,
healthy, heather, heaven, heavy, homestead, instead, jealous,
jealousy, lead (chumbo), leady, leant, leapt, leather, leaven, meadow,
meant, measure, peasant, pheasant, pleasant, pleasure, read
(passado e particípio), ready, realm, retread, spread, stead, steadfast,
steady, stealth, sweat, sweater, thread, threat, threaten, treachery,
tread, treadle, treadmill, treasure, unhealthy, unleaded, unsteady,
wealth, wealthy, weapon, weather, zealot, zealotry, zealous
3. COMUM A vogal ɛ é grafada <ue> em: guess, guest, quest, question
4. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <a> em: any, ate, many, Thames
5. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <u> em: burial, bury
6. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <ai> em: again, against, said
7. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <ei> em: heifer, leisure
8. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <ie> em: friend
9. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <eo> em: jeopardy, leopard
10. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <ae> em: aesthetic
11. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <ay> em: says
12. ANÔMALO A vogal ɛ é grafada <eice> em: Leicester
Vogal ɪ
1. COMUM A vogal ɪ é grafada <i> em: activity, analysis, article,
attentive, begin, beginning, benefit, bid, big, bill, bit, bitch, bitter,
bring, captive, children, chilled, chin, chip, chips, cinder, citrus, city,
civic, crying, did, different, dig, digest, dim, diminish, dip, discuss,
dish, distinguish, dribble, drink, eating, fill, filled, film, finger, finish,
fish, fist, fit, fix, gift, gig, giggle, gin, give, going, grin, habit, having,
hidden, hill, him, hip, his, history, hit, if, ill, imagine, important, in,
include, ink, inn, interest, is, issue, it, itch, jigsaw, jingle, jinx, jitter,
jitterbug, kick, kid, kill, king, kip, kiss, kit, lick, limit, link, lip, liquid, list,
little, live (verbo), living, middle, milk, mill, mimic, miss, missed,
missing, mist, mix, morning, multitask, music, nick, nitwit, nothing,
office, pick, pig, pill, pin, pink, piss, pistol, piston, pit, pity, practice,
president, privity, public, quick, quilt, rapid, rib, rich, rid, riddle, rim,
ring, rip, river, saying, service, ship, shit, shiver, shrink, sic, sick,
signal, simple, sin, since, sing, singing, single, sink, sit, six, sizzle,
skill, skim, skip, slip, slit, solid, spill, spring, still, swim, switch, thick,
thin, thing, think, this, tick, till, Tim, timid, tin, tip, tissue, trim, trip,
twitter, valid, victuals, villa, visit, whim, whip, will, win, wisdom, wish,
wit, witch, with, without, wizard, wrist, written, zip, zipper
2. COMUM A vogal ɪ é grafada <y> em: abysmal, abyss, acronym,
analysis, analyst, analytic, antonym, apocalypse, asymmetry,
Byzantine, catalyst, crypt, crystal, cygnet, cylinder, cymbal, cymbals,
Cymric, Cymry, cynic, cynical, Cynthia, cyst, dysfunctional, dyslexia,
dyslexic, Egypt, glyph, gym, gymnast, gypsum, gypsy, homonym,
hymn, hymnal, hypnotism, hypnotize, hypocrite, hysteria, hysterical,
Kymric, Kymry, lymph, lynch, lynx, lyric, lytic, myriad, mysterious,
mystery, mystic, myth, myxoma, nyctophobia, nymph, odyssey,
physical, physics, polygon, pseudonym, pygmy, pyramid, rhythm,
sibyl, syllable, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, symptom, synapse,
synchro, synchronize, syncopation, syndrome, synergy, synonym,
synopsis, synthesis, synthetic, system, systematic, typical, xyster,
xystus
3. COMUM A vogal ɪ é grafada <e> em: abridges, added, ashes, basket,
become, bedew, before, begin, believe, besides, college, demand,
eclipse, ellipse, emotion, England, English, enjoy, erase, explain,
implement, lasted, learned, minded, precede, pretty, privilege report,
require, result, wicked, wishes, wretched
4. RARO A vogal ɪ é grafada <a> em: adage, average, cabbage,
cottage, courage, delicate, forage, heritage, manage, mortgage,
package, palace, passage, percentage, postage, savage, spinach,
ultimate, village
5. RARO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ia> em: carriage, marriage
6. RARO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ui> em: biscuit, build, building, built,
circuit, guild, guilt, guilty, guinea, guitar, pursuivant
7. RARO A vogal ɪ é grafada <u> em: business, busy, conjugal, lettuce,
minute
8. RARO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ai> em: bargain, captain, certain, curtain,
fountain, mountain
9. ANÔMALO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ie> em: handkerchief, mischief, sieve
10. ANÔMALO A vogal ɪ é grafada <o> em: women
11. ANÔMALO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ei> em: counterfeit, forfeit, surfeit
12. ANÔMALO A vogal ɪ é grafada <eig> em: foreign, sovereign
13. ANÔMALO A vogal ɪ é grafada <ee> em: breeches
14. COMUM A vogal ɪ não é grafada em alguns casos: Boris’s /
ˈbɔːrɪsɪz/, church’s /ˈtʃɜːtʃɪz/, Dennis’s /ˈdɛnɪsɪz/, fish’s /ˈfɪʃɪz/, fox’s /
ˈfɒksɪz/, Leeds’s /ˈliːdzɪz/, Marge’s /ˈmɑːdʒɪz/, Rose’s /ˈrəʊzɪz/, virus’s
/ˈvaɪrəsɪz/
Vogal iː
1. COMUM A vogal iː é grafada <ee> em: agree, apogee, bee, beech,
beef, been, beetle, between, bleed, bumblebee, cheek, deep, degree,
disagree, eel, eerie, employee, fee, feed, feel, feet, fifteen, flee, fleece,
free, glee, Greece, green, guarantee, heed, heel, honeybee, indeed,
jeep, jubilee, keel, keen, keep, knee, leek, Leeway, manatee, meek,
meet, need, needle, pedigree, pee, peel, perigee, proceed, queen,
reed, reef, reel, refugee, screen, see, seed, seek, seem, seen, sheep,
sheet, sleep, sleet, speech, speed, steel, steep, street, succeed,
sweet, tee, thee, three, tree, week, weep, wheel
2. COMUM A vogal iː é grafada <ea> em: appease, beach, beacon,
bead, beagle, beak, beaker, beam, bean, beast, beast, beat, Beatles,
beneath, bleach, breach, breathe, cease, cheap, cheat, clean, creak,
cream, creature, deacon, deal, dean, defeat, dream, each, eagle, east,
easy, eat, eater, feast, feat, feature, flea, freak, heal, heap, heat,
increase, jean, jeans, knead, lead (verbo), leader, leaf, league, leak,
lean, leap, leash, least, leave, mead, meal, mean, meat, neat, New
Zealand, pea, peace, peach, peak, peal, peanut, plea, please, preach,
reach, read, reader, reap, reason, repeat, reveal, scream, sea, seal,
seam, season, seat, sheath, speak, steal, steam, streak, stream, tea,
teach, teak, team, tease, treason, treat, veal, weak, weasel, wheal,
wheat, wreak, wreath, yeanling, yeast, zeal
3. COMUM A vogal iː é grafada <e> em: anesthesia, appreciate, athlete,
be, cathedral, cedar, cede, compete, complete, concrete, decent,
defect, delete, discrete, edict, Egypt, eke, equal, evade, eve, even,
evening, evil, extreme, female, fever, frequent, gene, genius, glebe,
he, immediately, Indonesia, increase, ingredient, intermediate, Korea,
legal, lever, me, meme, menial, mete, meter, metre, Norwegian,
obedient, obesity, Pete, Peter, precede, previous, procedure, recent,
regent, region, replete, scene, scheme, secret, senior, sequel,
sequence, serene, she, species, Steve, Steven, strategic, supreme,
Sweden, Swedish, the, theme, these, thesis, vehicle, Venus, we, we’ll
4. RARO A vogal iː é grafada <i> em: antique, Argentina, boutique,
caprice, chic, Christine, Costa Rica, dashi, Enki, fatigue, gasoline,
intrigue, kiosk, kiwi, litre, machine, magazine, marine, mosquito,
oblique, pique, police, Puerto Rico, regime, routine, sardine, ski,
technique, trio, unique, vaccine, violine, visa
5. RARO A vogal iː é grafada <oe> em: amoeba, coelacanth, foetus,
oedema, Oedipus, oenology, oenophile, oesophagus, phoenix,
subpoena
6. RARO A vogal iː é grafada <ie> em: achieve, belief, believe, brief,
chief, diesel, fief, field, fiend, frieze, grief, grievance, lief, mien, niece,
piece, priest, relief, relieve, shield, shriek, siege, skied, thief,
tiemannite, wield, yield
7. RARO A vogal iː é grafada <ei> em: ceiling, conceit, conceive,
deceit, deceive, keister, Keith, Leigh, Leith, monteith, Neil, perceive,
plebeian, protein, receipt, receive, seisin, seize, seizure, sheikh,
Sheila, transceiver
8. ANÔMALO A vogal iː é grafada <ey> em: Burghley, key
Vogal i
1. COMUM A vogal i é grafada <y> em: actually, already, any, anything,
baby, buddy, busy, city, company, country, crazy, daddy, daily, early,
every, everything, family, fussy, happy, hobby, lady, lucky, many,
multiply (advérbio), only, party, policy, pretty, really, security, shabby,
silly, sissy, story, study, tidy, tiny, tricky, truly, very, wholly, worry
10. RARO O ditongo aɪ é grafado <uy> em: buy, Cuyler, guy, Guyana,
Guyon, Muybridge, Schuyler
11. RARO O ditongo aɪ é grafado <ye> em: bye, dye, lye, rye, stye,
wye
3. COMUM O ditongo eɪ é grafado <ai> em: acquaint, aid, ail, aim, aioli,
ait, bail, bail, bait, brail, brain, Cain, chain, chaise, claim, complain,
complaint, constraint, daily, dainty, detail, drain, entertainment,
explain, fail, faint, faith, gain, gait, grain, hail, jail, lain, maid, mail,
maim, main, maintenance, maize, migraine, nail, paid, pail, pain,
paint, plaice, plain, praise, raid, rail, rain, rainy, raise, remain, retail,
sail, saint, snail, Spain, stain, strain, strait, sustain, tail, taint, trail,
train, trait, Ukraine, vain, waist, wait, waive
4. RARO O ditongo eɪ é grafado <eigh> em: aweigh, Burleigh,
Deighton, eight, eighteen, eighty, freight, freighter, heigh, Heigh,
inveigh, Leighton, neigh, neighbour, neighbourhood, neighbouring,
sleigh, weigh, weighed, weight
5. RARO O ditongo eɪ é grafado <ey> em: convey, disobey, drey, fey,
grey, hey, Niamey, obey, prey, purvey, survey, they, trey, wey, whey
Ditongo ɔɪ
1. COMUM O ditongo ɔɪ é grafado <oi> em: android, appoint, avoid,
boil, broil, choice, choice, coil, coin, foil, hoist, join, joint, loin, moist,
moisture, noise, oil, ointment, point, poison, sirloin, soil, spoil, toil,
toilet, voice
2. COMUM O ditongo ɔɪ é grafado <oy> em: alloy, annoy, boy, boycott,
coy, coyote, destroy, destroyer, employ, employee, employer, enjoy,
Floyd, joy, Joyce, Lloyd, oyster, royal, soy, toy
4. RARO O ditongo əʊ é grafado <oe> em: aloe, doe, floe, foe, goe,
goes, heroes, hoe, joe, oboe, potatoes, roe, sloe, throe, toe, woe
3. COMUM O ditongo juː é grafado <ew> em: dew, few, hew, kewpie,
knew, Matthew, nephew, new, news, newt, pew, pewter, sinew, stew
Ditongo wɑː
1. RARO O ditongo wɑː é grafado <oi> em: soiree
2. RARO O ditongo wɑː é grafado <oa> em: soave
3. RARO O ditongo wɑː é grafado <eois> em: bourgeois
Ditongo wə
RARO O ditongo wə é grafado <ua> em: antiquary, equal
Ditongo wiː
RARO O ditongo wiː é grafado <ui> em: suite
Ditongo wi
RARO O ditongo wi é grafado <uy> em: obloquy, soliloquy
Ditongo wɪ
1. COMUM O ditongo wɪ é grafado <ui> em: anguish, antiquity, cuirass,
cuisine, distinguish, languid, linguist, quit, quiver, relinquish,
sanguine, vanquish
2. RARO O ditongo wɪ é grafado <ua> em: language
Ditongo wʌ
ANÔMALO O ditongo wʌ é grafado <o> em: once, one
Ditongo weɪ
COMUM O ditongo weɪ é grafado <ua> em: antiquated, assuage,
persuade, quake
Ditongo wɛ
COMUM O ditongo wɛ é grafado <ue> em: conquest, quell, quest,
quench, question, request
Vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ)
1. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <ir> em: birch, bird,
Birmingham, birth, birthday, circle, dirge, dirk, dirt, dirty, fir, firm, first,
flirt, gird, girl, irk, shirt, sir, sirloin, skirt, squirt, stir, third, thirsty,
thirty, virgin, virtue, whirl
2. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <er> em: berth, certain,
certify, concern, determine, emerge, fern, her, herb, herd, kerb,
kernel, Mercury, mercy, merge, nerd, nerve, perch, perfect, perk,
person, sermon, serve, service, stern, term, tern, thermal, terse, verb,
verse
3. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <ur> em: blur, burn, curb,
curl, curly, curtain, curve, fur, hurdle, hurl, hurt, murder, nurse,
return, surface, surgeon, Thursday, turn, urban, urgent, urn
4. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <urr> em: blurry,
concurrence, concurrent, concurring, currant, currency, current,
furry, hurry, occurrence, occurring
5. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <ear> em: dearth, earl,
early, earn, earner, earnest, earnings, earth, earthen, earthy, heard,
hearse, learn, learner, learned, learning, pearl, pearly, rehearsal,
rehearse, research, search, unheard, unlearn, yearn, yearning
6. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <or> em: attorney, word,
work, whorl, world, worm, worse, worship, worst, worth
7. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <our> em: adjourn,
bourgeon, courage, courteous, courtesy journal, journalist, journey,
scourge, sojourn
8. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <irr> em: chirr, shirr, stirring,
whirr
9. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <err> em: err, preferring,
referral, referring
10. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <orr> em: worry
11. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <eur> em: connoisseur,
entrepreneur
12. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <yr> em: myrtle
13. RARO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <yrrh> em: myrrh
14. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <ere> em: were, weren’t
15. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɜː(ɹ) é grafada <olo> em: colonel
Vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ)
1. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ) é grafada <ar> em: apart, aren’t,
argument, arm, army, arque, art, article, artist, bar, car, card, carpet,
charge, charm, chart, dark, department, far, farm, garden, guitar,
hard, harken, harm, hart, large, march, mark, market, martial, park,
part, partner, party, quarantine, regard, remark, sharp, smart, star,
start, target, yard
2. RARO A vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ) é grafada <are> em: are, aren’t
3. RARO A vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ) é grafada <uar> em: guard, guardant,
guardian, vanguard
4. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ) é grafada <ear> em: hearken, heart,
hearth
5. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɑː(ɹ) é grafada <er> em: clerk, sergeant
Vogal com <r> ɒ(ɹ)
1. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɒ(ɹ) é grafada <or> em: coral, foreign,
forest, moral, orange
2. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɒ(ɹ) é grafada <orr> em: borrow, horror,
lorry, morrow, sorrow, sorry, tomorrow
3. RARO A vogal com <r> ɒ(ɹ) é grafada <arr> em: warrant, warranty
4. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɒ(ɹ) é grafada <aur> em: laurel
Vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ)
1. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <or> em: afford, boring,
born, chorus, cord, cork, corn, corse, export, for, force, ford, forge,
fork, form, glory, horde, horn, horse, lord, morning, nor, north, or,
orb, orchard, order, ore, organ, pork, short, sore, spore, sport, stork,
storm, story, sword, torch, worn
2. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <ore> em: bore, bored,
core, fore, gore, more, ore, score, sore, store
3. COMUM A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <our> em: course, court,
discourse, four, mourn, mourning, pour, source, your
4. RARO A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <oar> em: boar, board,
coarse, hoarse, oar, roar, soar
5. RARO A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <ar> em: dwarf, quarter,
swarm, war, warble, warm, warn
6. RARO A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <aur> em: dinosaur
7. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <oor> em: door, floor
10. ANÔMALO A vogal com <r> ɔː(ɹ) é grafada <orps> em: corps
2. COMUM A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <re> em: centre, fibre, litre,
metre, theatre
3. COMUM A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <ar> em: altar, angular,
Barbara, beggar, cedar, cellar, cellular, collar, dollar, familiar,
grammar, molar, mortar, particular, popular, regular, similar
4. COMUM A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <or> em: actor, author,
director, doctor, editor, error, factor, governor, investor, major,
manor, minor, monitor, motor, professor, sector, senior, visitor
6. COMUM A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <ure> em: culture, exposure,
feature, fissure, future, injury, manufacture, measure, measurement,
nature, picture, pleasure, pressure, procedure, structure,
temperature, vulture
7. RARO A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <ir> em: kafir, kefir
10. RARO A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <uer> em: lacquer
11. RARO A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <ier> em: soldier
12. RARO A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <eur> em: grandeur
13. RARO A vogal com <r> ə(ɹ) é grafada <oar> em: cupboard
Vogal com <r> ʊ(ɹ)
RARO A vogal com <r> ʊ(ɹ) é grafada <ur> em: guru
Ditongo com <r> aɪə(ɹ)
1. COMUM O ditongo com <r> aɪə(ɹ) é grafado <ire> em: acquire,
desire, dire, empire, entire, fire, hire, inspire, ire, Ireland, mire,
require, retire, sire, tire, umpire, wire
2. RARO O ditongo com <r> aɪə(ɹ) é grafado <yre> em: byre, gyre,
lyre, pyre, tyre
2. COMUM O ditongo com <r> ɪə(ɹ) é grafado <eer> em: beer, career,
cheers, deer, engineer, peer, pioneer, steer, volunteer
6. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɪə(ɹ) é grafado <eir> em: weird, weirdo
7. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɪə(ɹ) é grafado <eyr> em: eyrie
8. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɪə(ɹ) é grafado <eor> em: theory
9. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɪə(ɹ) é grafado <ir> em: emir
3. COMUM O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <ear> em: bear, forbear,
forswear, outwear, pear, swear, tear (verbo), unbearable, wear
4. COMUM O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <ar> em: area, barbarian,
bare, canary, care, careful, fare, hilarious, Mary, parent, rarely, Sarah,
scarce, share, spare, variation, various, vary
5. RARO O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <ere> em: ere, there,
where
7. RARO O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <aer> em: aerial, aerify,
aerobics, aeroplane
8. RARO O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <aire> em: billionaire,
millionaire
10. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <heir> em: heir
11. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> ɛə(ɹ) é grafado <ayor> em: mayor
7. ANÔMALO O ditongo com <r> jʊə(ɹ) é grafado <ore> em: pore, shore
Consoante f
1. COMUM A consoante f é grafada <f> em: after, before, belief, benefit,
brief, chief, face, fact, fail, fall, family, fan, far, fat, feed, feel, few,
fight, file, find, first, fish, follow, for, forget, form, Friday, friend, from,
full, if, information, loft, relief, self, sulfur, therefore
2. COMUM A consoante f é grafada <fe> em: chafe, knife, life, rife,
strafe, safe, wife
Consoante ɡ
1. COMUM A consoante ɡ é grafada <g> em: again, ago, agree, anger,
bag, beg, begin, big, bug, dialog, dog, drag, drug, figure, flag, fog,
game, garden, gave, gear, get, girder, girl, girth, give, go, good, got,
grant, grass, gray, great, green, grey, group, gun, hug, leg, log,
organisation, organization, pig, program, programme, rag, regard,
target, tiger, together
2. COMUM A consoante ɡ é grafada <gg> em: aggressive, baggage,
beggar, egg, giggle, hugger, luggage, struggle, trigger, waggish
3. RARO A consoante ɡ é grafada <gh> em: aghast, ghetto, ghost,
gingham, ghoul
4. RARO A consoante ɡ é grafada <gu> em: guess, guest, guitar
5. RARO A consoante ɡ é grafada <gue> em: dialogue, prologue
Consoante ɡʒ
RARO A consoante ɡʒ é grafada <x> em: luxurious
Consoante ɡs
RARO A consoante ɡs é grafada <x> em: auxiliary, exact, exactly,
exam, examine, example, executive, exhilarating, exist, exuberant,
exult
Consoante ɡz
RARO A consoante ɡz é grafada <x> em: exact, luxurious
Consoante ʒ
1. COMUM A consoante ʒ é grafada <s> em: Asia, casual, composure,
disclosure, enclosure, exposure, leisure, measure, pleasure, treasure,
usual, usually, usurer, visual
2. COMUM A consoante ʒ é grafada <si> em: amnesia, collision,
conclusion, confusion, decision, delusion, division, exclusion,
explosion, fusion, illusion, inclusion, invasion, lesion, occasion,
persuasion, precision, provision, revision, television, vision
3. RARO A consoante ʒ é grafada <ge> em: beige, collage, garage,
massage, mirage, rouge, sabotage
Consoante ks
1. COMUM A consoante ks é grafada <x> em: approximately, box,
complex, context, expect, experience, explore, extent, fix, fox, index,
matrix, mix, next, relax, sex, tax, taxation, taxi, vex
Consoante m
1. COMUM A consoante m é grafada <m> em: almost, arm, company,
dam, dump, example, family, from, ham, him, hum, important,
information, lemon, mad, make, man, many, market, may, me, mean,
meet, merry, message mine, money, more, most, mother, move,
much, music, must, number, problem, room, small, something, sum,
swamp, system, team, them, woman
2. COMUM A consoante m é grafada <me> em: come, fame, home,
name, same, some, theme, time, tome
Consoante n
1. COMUM A consoante n é grafada <n> em: again, and, begin, bend,
between, can, company, country, down, end, enough, even, fun,
happen, hymning, interest, man, many, mean, money, nag, name,
near, need, net, never, new, next, nice, night, no, nobody, note,
nothing, now, number, own, plan, question, run, solemnity, ten, then,
turn, understand, when, woman
Consoante p
1. COMUM A consoante p é grafada <p> em: apartment, attempt, cap,
develop, empty, gap, help, hop, map, nip, opinion, pale, part, pause,
people, pet, pin, place, pole, problem, pun, purpose, put, report, rip,
shop, slip, stop, tempt, tip, top, transport
2. COMUM A consoante p é grafada <pe> em: ape, cape, gape, hope,
jape, nape, pipe, rope, shape, slope, type, wipe
Consoante ɹ
1. COMUM A consoante ɹ é grafada <r> em: arid, around, break,
different, drag, dry, forest, glory, hairy, parent, rain, reach, read, really,
red, report, result, ride, right, ring, river, road, room, rose, round, run,
ruin, rule, run, track, try
2. COMUM A consoante ɹ é grafada <rr> em: arrest, arrival, barrel,
carrot, carry, cherry, ferry, furry, horrible, hurry, marry, merry, mirror,
narrow, occurred, quarrel, quarry, sorry, sparring, starring, starry,
stirring, terrific, torrid, worry
3. COMUM A consoante ɹ é grafada <wr> em: wrack, wrecked, wrench,
wretch, wring, wrist, write, wrong
4. RARO A consoante ɹ é grafada <rh> em: rheumy, rhyme, rhythm
5. RARO A consoante ɹ é grafada <rrh> em: diarrhea, logorrhea
6. ANÔMALO A consoante ɹ é grafada <rw> em: Norwich
Consoante s
1. COMUM A consoante s é grafada <s> em: abase, absence, absurd,
also, ask, basis, best, books, bus, cast, consume, Denmark’s, ensue,
focus, gas, gets, its, just, laughs, looks, lots, mist, months, past,
perhaps, person, politics, previous, question, research, Robert’s,
Ruth’s, sad, sail, sale, same, say, scar, school, sea, seat, second,
see, sell, send, sense, sensual, sent, service, set, several, ship’s,
shops, side, sign, since, sing, sink, sit, ski, sky, sleep, small, smile,
sneeze, soap, social, some, son, song, soon, sort, sound, speak,
spend, squeeze, staff, stand, start, stay, stop, strong, study, Sue,
suggest, suit, sum, sun, supper, swim, swing, symbol, system, task,
this, various, votes, west, yes
Consoante ts
1. ANÔMALO A consoante ts é grafada <z> em: zeitgeist
2. ANÔMALO A consoante ts é grafada <zz> em: pizza
Consoante tʃ
1. COMUM A consoante tʃ é grafada <ch> em: achieve, approach,
archduke, attach, beach, branch, bunch, chain, chair, challenge,
champion, chance, change, channel, chapter, charge, chart, chat,
cheap, cheat, check, cheese, cheque, cherry, chess, chicken, chief,
child, chin, China, chip, choice, choose, church, coach, each,
exchange, launch, lunch, much, purchase, reach, research, rich,
Richard, search, speech, such, teach, teacher, touch, wench, which
Consoante z
1. COMUM A consoante z é grafada <z> em: citizen, cozy, crazy, dozen,
glazier, hazard, hazy, horizon, lazy, magazine, zapping, zeal, zebra,
zero, zone, zoo
2. COMUM A consoante z é grafada <s> em: aims, acquisition, always,
answers, approaches, as, baths, bays, beds, business, busy, buys,
clothes, considers, cosy, cousin, design, desire, disease, does, dogs,
drags, dreams, easy, eyes, fills, finds, flies, friends, gardens, has, his,
hospitals, husband, is, jobs, keys, leaders, lies, lives, loves,
maintains, museum, music, news, observe, ones, opposite, peas,
plays, pleasant, position, positive, presence, present (substantivo e
verbo), president, prison, proposal, rays, reason, represent, reserve,
resident, resist, resolve, result, seas, season, seems, series, shoes,
sings, sins, sometimes, things, Thursday, tries, Tuesday, user, visit,
was, watches, Wednesday
3. COMUM A consoante z é grafada <ze> em: amaze, booze, breeze,
craze, freeze, gaze, maze, prize, size, sneeze, snooze, squeeze
g) Se o <e> final não é mudo, isso costuma ser indicado pela sua
duplicação: coffee, employee, melee.
v) Uma vogal que é o último fonema de uma sílaba tônica que ocorre
na penúltima posição de uma palavra com duas ou mais sílabas, é
longa: trifle, rifle, human, vapour.
Vogal A
1. COMUM A letra <a> é pronunciada eɪ em: able, ache, acorn, acre,
age, aggravate, ale, alien, ancient, angel, ape, apron, babe, baby,
bade, bake, baker, bass, bathe, blade, cable, caper, chamber, change,
chaste, chasten, cradle, danger, dedicate, draper, fable, fade, fame,
fatal, fate, favour, frame, gale, gape, grace, grape, gravy, haste,
hasten, hasty, hate, imitate, labour, lady, lake, lathe, lazy, manger,
matron, name, pale, papal, paste, patron, penetrate, plague, rage,
range, save, shady, shake, stable, state, strange, table, take, taper,
taste, vague, vapour, waste, wave
2. COMUM A letra <a> é pronunciada æ em: act, add, am, and, bad,
bag, band, black, carry, cat, catch, craggy, dally, dram, fact, fan, fat,
glad, had, hand, happy, hat, have, land, man, manor, map, marry,
math, plan, radish, shabby, shaggy, shall, tarry (verbo)
3. COMUM A letra <a> é pronunciada ɑː em: after, alms, answer, arch,
ardent, are, argue, arm, art, article, ask, bar, bark, bath, branch,
brassy, calf, calm, can’t, car, card, carve, chance, charge, charm,
command, craft, crafty, dark, demand, far, farm, farther, father, glass,
glassy, grant, grasp, half, halve, harm, harvest, large, lark, lath, mark,
marvel, mask, master, palm, park, part, past, path, rather, salve,
shan’t, sharp, spark, staff, star, starry, starve, tar, tarry (adjetivo)
4. COMUM A letra <a> é pronunciada ə em: about, ago, altar, America,
beggar, cedar, cellar, collar, liar, menace, pedlar, populace, solace
5. COMUM A letra <a> é pronunciada ɔː em: alderman, all, almighty,
almost, already, also, altar, alter, although, always, bald, balk, ball,
balsam, befall, call, chalk, dwarf, exalt, falcon, fall, false, falter, gall,
hall, halt, halter, mall, malt, pall, palsy, paltry, quart, quarter, salt, scald,
small, stalk, swarm, talk, tall, thrall, walk, wall, war, warble, ward,
warm, water, withal
6. RARO A letra <a> é pronunciada ɒ em: quality, quantity, quarrel,
squander, squash, swallow, swan, wan, wand, wander, want, wanton,
warrant, warrior, was, wash, wasp, watch, wrath, what, what, yacht
7. RARO A letra <a> é pronunciada ɪ em: adage, baggage, cabbage,
cottage, courage, forage, heritage, luggage, manage, orange, palace,
passage, patronage, postage, savage, village
8. ANÔMALO A letra <a> é pronunciada ɛ em: any, ate, many
9. ANÔMALO A letra <a> é pronunciada ɛə em: barbarian, bare, care,
fare, scarce, scarcely, share, spare, various, vary
10. ANÔMALO A letra <a> não é pronunciada em: carriage, gunwale,
marriage, miniature, parliament, victuals
Vogal E
1. COMUM A letra <e> é pronunciada iː em: be, edict, equal, ether, eve,
even, evening, evil, fever, genial, glebe, he, legal, lenient, me, menial,
precede, regent, replete, scheme, secret, sequel, serene, she, we
Combinação AI
1. COMUM A combinação <ai> é pronunciada eɪ em: acquaint, aid, ail,
aim, avail, bail, brain, chaise, dainty, drain, fail, fain, gain, grain, hail,
jail, mail, main, pail, pain, paint, plain, praise, raise, raisin, sail,
straight, tail
2. COMUM A combinação <ai> é pronunciada ɪ em: bargain, captain,
chaplain, fountain, mountain
3. COMUM A combinação <ai> é pronunciada ɛə em: air, chair, dairy,
despair, fair, hair
4. RARO A combinação <ai> é pronunciada ɛ em: again, against, said
5. RARO A combinação <ai> é pronunciada aɪ em: aisle
6. RARO A combinação <ai> é pronunciada ə em: certain, chieftain,
curtain, villain
7. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: mosaic
Combinação AO
ANÔMALO A combinação <ao> é pronunciada eɪ em: gaol
Combinação AU
1. COMUM A combinação <au> é pronunciada ɔː em: applause, assault,
audible, aught, augment, august, author, autumn, caught, cause,
clause, daughter, fault, flaunt, fraud, fraught, gaunt, haul, haunt,
jaundice, jaunt, laudable, launch, laundress, laundry, maunder,
paunch, pause, sauce, saunter, slaughter, staunch, taught, taunt,
vault
2. COMUM A combinação <au> é pronunciada ɑː em: aunt, draught,
laugh
3. ANÔMALO A combinação <au> é pronunciada ɒ em: cauliflower,
laurel
4. ANÔMALO A combinação <au> é pronunciada eɪ em: gauge
5. ANÔMALO A combinação <au> é pronunciada əʊ em: au pair, faux,
chauffeur, gauche, haute
Combinação AW
COMUM A combinação <aw> é pronunciada ɔː em: awe, awful, bawl,
brawn, crawl, dawn, draw, flaw, jaw, law, lawn, paw, pawn, saw,
spawn, sprawl, straw, tawny
Combinação AY
COMUM A combinação <ay> é pronunciada eɪ em: bray, clay, clay, day,
dray, flay, fray, Friday, gray, holiday, may, Monday, nay, pay, play,
pray, ray, Saturday, say, slay, stay, stray, Sunday, sway, Thursday,
Tuesday, Wednesday
Combinação EA
1. COMUM A combinação <ea> é pronunciada iː em: appeal, appease,
beacon, beadle, beads, beagle, beak, beam, bean, beast, beaver,
beneath, bequeath, bereave, bespeak, bleach, bleak, bleat, breach,
breathe, cease, cheap, cheat, clean, cleanly, cleave, cochineal,
colleague, conceal, congeal, creak, cream, crease, creature, deacon,
deal, dean, deanery, decease, decrease, defeasible, defeat, demean,
demeanor, dream, each, eager, eagle, east, easter, easy, eat, eaten,
eaves, entreat, feasible, feast, feat, feature, flea, freak, gleam, glean,
grease, heal, heap, heat, heath, heathen, heave, impeach, increase,
knead, lead (verbo), leaf, league, leak, lean, lease, leash, least, leave,
leaves, mead, meagre, meal, mean, measles, meat, neap, neat, pea,
peace, peak, peal, pease, peat, plea, plead, please, reach, read
(presente), reap, reason, repeat, retreat, reveal, screak, scream, sea,
seal, seam, season, seat, sheaf, sheath, sheathe, sleazy, sneak,
speak, steal, steam, streak, stream, tea, teach, teal, team, tease,
treason, treat, treatise, treatment, treaty, tweak, underneath, unreave,
veal, weak, weaken, weal, wean, weasel, weave, wheat, wreak,
wreath, yeanling, zeal
2. COMUM A combinação <ea> é pronunciada ɛ em: already, bedstead,
behead, bread, breadth, breakfast, breast, breath, cleanliness, cleanly
(adjetivo), cleanse, dead, deadly, deaf, deafen, death, endeavour,
feather, head, health, heaven, heavy, instead, jealous, lead
(substantivo), leaden, leant, leather, leaven, meadow, meant, measure,
peasant, pheasant, pleasant, pleasantry, pleasure, read (passado e
particípio), readily, readiness, ready, realm, seamstress, spread, stead,
steadfast, steady, stealth, stealthy, sweat, thread, threat, threaten,
treachery, tread, treadle, treasure, wealth, wealthy, weapon, weather,
zealot, zealous, zealously
3. COMUM A combinação <ea> é pronunciada ɪə em: appear, arrears,
beard, besmear, blear, clear, dear, drear, ear, endear, fear, fearful,
gear, hear, near, rear, sear, shear, spear, tear (substantivo), weary,
year
4. RARO A combinação <ea> é pronunciada ɛə em: bear, bearer,
forbear, forswear, pear, swear, tear (verbo), wear
5. RARO A combinação <ea> é pronunciada ɜː em: dearth, earl, early,
earn, earnest, earth, earthen, heard, hearse, learn, learning, pearl,
rehearsal, rehearse, research, search, yearn
6. RARO A combinação <ea> é pronunciada eɪ em: break, great, steak,
yea
Combinação EY
1. COMUM A combinação <ey> é pronunciada eɪ em: convey, drey,
grey, hey, obey, prey, purvey, survey, they, whey
Combinação UE
1. COMUM A combinação <ue> é pronunciada juː em: argue, avenue,
continue, cue, due, endue, ensue, hue, imbue, perdue, pursue,
rescue, residue, retinue, revenue, statue, subdue, sue, Tuesday,
value, virtue
Combinação UY
1. ANÔMALO A combinação <uy> é pronunciada wi em: obloquy,
soliloquy
Combinação YE
RARO A combinação <ye> é pronunciada aɪ em: bye, dye, rye
5º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS CONSOANTES
Consoante B
1. COMUM A consoante <b> é pronunciada b em: baker, bear, bed,
birth, book, bore, boring, bound, bread, but
2. RARO A consoante <b> não é pronunciada em: climb, comb,
crumbs, debt, debtor, doubt, dumb, lamb, limb, numb, subtle, thumb,
tomb
Consoante C
1. COMUM A consoante <c> é pronunciada s em: association, cellar,
cement, ceremony, certain, cider, circle, city, cynic, dissociate,
emaciated, negociation, nuncio, pronunciation, sacrifice, society,
suffice
2. COMUM A consoante <c> é pronunciada k em: care, cat, clear,
climate, come, commerce, country, credit, crimson, curate, direct,
music, sect, victim
3. COMUM A consoante <c> é pronunciada ʃ em: academician,
atrocious, avaricious, beneficial, capacious, capricious, coercion,
commercial, deficient, depreciate, efficient, ferocious, gracious,
judicial, logician, magician, musician, ocean, official, physician,
rapacious, sagacious, social, special, sufficient, suspicion
4. RARO A consoante <c> não é pronunciada em: czar, indict, muscle,
victuals
Consoante D
1. COMUM A consoante <d> é pronunciada d em: arduous, assiduous,
bad, begged, commodious, crowned, dare, deal, dire, do, dreadful,
dun, durable, educate, education, endow, fastidious, formed, hideous,
insidious, lead, lived, melodious, mend, odious, perfidious, raised,
reduce, riband, rode, rubbed, studious, swelled, tedious, tired
Consoante P
1. COMUM A consoante <p> é pronunciada p em: apartment, attempt,
contempt, empty, pail, pair, pale, pare, parent, peremptory, perhaps,
pipe, pity, poor, pour, power, prompt, pure, redemption, sempstress,
sumptuous, tempt
2. RARO A consoante <p> não é pronunciada em: comptroller,
cupboard, psalm, pshaw, raspberry, receipt
Consoante R
1. COMUM A consoante <r> é pronunciada ɹ em: brassy, drag, dream,
dry, rag, rage, reach, rome, roof, room, round, rove, ruler
2. ANÔMALO A consoante <r> é pronunciada ɪ em: bustier
Consoante S
1. COMUM A consoante <s> é pronunciada s em: abase, absence,
absolute, absurd, abuse (substantivo), abusive, acts, adversary,
adverse, adversity, allusive, also, animosity, apprehensible, aside,
asunder, asylum, awesome, bakes, base, bason, beset, besides,
besiege, bias, births, books, cakes, callous, caparison, case, cease,
chaos, chase, cliffs, close (advérbio), comparison, concise, condense,
controversy, counsel, courtesy, crisis, curiosity, curious, cursory,
deaths, debase, decease, decisive, decrease, delusory, dense,
desirous, desolate, diffuse (substantivo), diffusive, disable,
disadvantage, disagree, disapprove, disavow, disband, discount,
discredit, disdain, disfavour, disgrace, disguise, dishonest, disinherit,
disjoin, dislike, dislodge, dismay, dismiss, dismount, disobey,
disoblige, disorder, dispensary, disperse, display, dispose, dispute,
disrelish, disrobe, distaste, distress, disturb, disunion, disuse
(substantivo), dose, dropsy, else, excuse (substantivo), false, famous,
garrison, geese, generosity, generous, genius, gladsome, godson,
goose, grease (substantivo), grievous, gripes, handsome, heresy,
house (substantivo), immense, immensity, immerse, incisive,
inclusive, increase, irksome, jealousy, laths, leaps, lease, loose,
mason, months, morose, mouse (substantivo), nauseate, notes,
obese, obesity, obtuse, paradise, parson, person, persuasive,
phantasy, pipes, pismire, pits, practise, premise (substantivo),
presage, presuppose, profuse, promise, prosecute, prosody, pulse,
purchase, purpose, pursy, quits, recluse, refuse (substantivo e
adjetivo), rehearsal, release, research, resettle, resiege, resource,
responsible, resuscitation, reversible, sable, sand, scrupulosity, sea,
send, sense, sensible, ships, sire, smile, so, sore, speaks, strifes,
subdue, subsection, subsequent, subserve, subside, subsist,
surmise, surround, swarm, sweat, sweet, thinks, this, thus, tipsy,
tiresome, tortoise, tricksy, troublesome, truths, universal, us, use
(substantivo), verse, votes, yes
Consoante Y
COMUM A consoante <y> é pronunciada j em: yard, yawn, year, yeast,
yes, yesterday, yoke, young, youth
Consoante Z
1. COMUM A consoante <z> é pronunciada z em: glazier, grazier,
hazard, hazy, horizon, lazy, vizier, zeal, zone
2. RARO A consoante <z> é pronunciada ʒ em: azure, seizure
3. ANÔMALO A consoante <z> é pronunciada ts em: zeitgeist
6º DIA: PRONÚNCIA DAS COMBINAÇÕES DE
CONSOANTES
Combinação BB
1. COMUM A combinação <bb> é pronunciada b em: babble, bubble,
cabbage, dribble, ebb, grabbing, nibble, pebble, rabbit, rabble,
robber, robbery, rubber, stubborn
2. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: subbasement, subbranch,
subbronchial
Combinação BD
RARO A combinação <bd> é pronunciada d em: bdellium
Combinação CC
1. RARO A combinação <cc> é pronunciada ks em: accent, accept,
access, accident, eccentric, occident, succeed, success
2. RARO A combinação <cc> é pronunciada k em: accommodate,
account, occasion, occult, occupy, occur
Combinação CH
1. COMUM A combinação <ch> é pronunciada tʃ em: archbishop,
archduke, archenemy, archer, belch, bench, branch, bunch, chair,
chaise, charm, chart, cheer, child, chin, chip, church, clench, clutch,
drench, duchess, fetch, filch, finch, french, inch, much, ostrich,
pinch, pitch, punch, rich, search, stench, such, wench, which
Combinação CIAL
COMUM A combinação <cial> é pronunciada ʃəl em: judicial, official,
social, special
Combinação CIATE
COMUM A combinação <ciate> é pronunciada ʃieɪt em: depreciate,
emaciate, licenciate
Combinação CIENT
COMUM A combinação <cient> é pronunciada ʃənt em: ancient,
deficient, efficient
Combinação CION
COMUM A combinação <cion> é pronunciada ʃən em: coercion,
suspicion
Combinação CIOUS
COMUM A combinação <cious> é pronunciada ʃəs em: atrocious,
avaricious, capacious, gracious, rapacious
Combinação CK
COMUM A combinação <ck> é pronunciada k em: back, black, brick,
lick, lock, shock, stock
Combinação CQU
RARO A combinação <cqu> é pronunciada kw em: acquaint,
acquaintance, acquiesce, acquit
Combinação CZ
1. RARO A combinação <cz> é pronunciada z em: czar, czarism
2. RARO A combinação <cz> é pronunciada tʃ em: Czech
Combinação DD
1. COMUM A combinação <dd> é pronunciada d em: add, address,
buddy, forbidden, meddle, middle, odd, redden, reddish, riddle,
sudden
2. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: headdress, midday
Combinação DJ
RARO A combinação <dj> é pronunciada dʒ em: Abidjan, djellaba,
djembe, Djibouti
Combinação FF
COMUM A combinação <ff> é pronunciada f em: affair, affect, affix,
afford, bailiff, bluff, chaff, chauffeur, coffin, differ, different, difficult,
diffident, diffuse, effect, effective, efficient, giraffe, graffiti, mastiff,
muffin, off, offend, offer, office, plaintiff, riffle, sheriff, stiff, suffer,
suffice, sufficient, suffrage, tariff
Combinação GG
1. COMUM A combinação <gg> é pronunciada ɡ em: aggravate,
aggressive, baggage, beggar, begging, bigger, dagger, digger,
digging, dogged, egg, foggy, giggle, goggle, pettifogger, ragged,
rugged, shagged, shaggy, sluggish, stagger, struggle, swagger,
toggle, waggish
2. RARO A combinação <gg> é pronunciada dʒ em: exaggerate,
suggest
Combinação GH
1. COMUM A combinação <gh> não é pronunciada no final da maioria
das palavras: although, bough, daughter, dough, drought, fight,
furlough, high, inveigh, might, neigh, nigh, plough, right, slough
(substantivo), thigh, thorough, though, through, throughout, weigh,
weight
2. RARO A combinação <gh> é pronunciada f em: chough, clough,
cough, draught, enough, laugh, laughter, rough, slough (verbo),
tough, trough
Combinação GL
1. COMUM A combinação <gl> é pronunciada ɡl em: glad, glance, glee,
glove
2. RARO A combinação <gl> é pronunciada l em: intaglio, passacaglia,
seraglio, zabaglione
Combinação GM
RARO A combinação <gm> é pronunciada m em: apothegm,
diaphragm, epiphragm, paradigm, phlegm
Combinação GN
1. COMUM A combinação <gn> é pronunciada n em: assign, bagnio,
benign, benignly, campaign, champaign, condign, design, feign,
foreign, foreigner, gnarl, gnash, gnat, gnaw, gnomon, impugn,
malign, poignant, reign, resign, seignior, sign, sovereign
Combinação NN
1. COMUM A combinação <nn> é pronunciada n em: announce, annual,
annul, beginner, beginning, channel, connect, connote, dinner, funny,
inn, manner, millennium, personnel, planner, planning, sunny, tunnel
2. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: cleanness, drunkenness,
evenness, greenness, keenness, meanness, openness, sternness,
thinness, unnatural, unnecessary, unnotice
Combinação PH
1. COMUM A combinação <ph> é pronunciada f em: alphabet,
epiphany, graphic, paragraph, phantom, pheasant, phrase,
philosophy, phone, sophisticated, telephone
2. ANÔMALO A combinação <ph> é pronunciada v em: nephew
3. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: haphazard, shepherd, uphill,
uphold, upholsterer
Combinação PN
RARO A combinação <pn> é pronunciada n em: pneumatic,
pneumonia
Combinação PP
COMUM A combinação <pp> é pronunciada p em: appeal, apple,
appreciate, approve, capped, dropped, happen, hopper, hopping,
oppose, opposite, oppressive, slippery, stoppage, stopped, stopper,
supply, support, suppose
Combinação PS
1. RARO A combinação <ps> é pronunciada s em: psalm, psalmist,
psephology, pseud, pseudonym, psoriasis, psychic, psyllid
2. ANÔMALO A combinação <ps> não é pronunciada em: corps
Combinação PSH
RARO A combinação <psh> é pronunciada ʃ em: pshaw
Combinação PT
RARO A combinação <pt> é pronunciada t em: pteridosperm,
pterodactyl, pterygium, ptosis, ptyalin, ptyxis
Combinação QU
1. COMUM A combinação <qu> é pronunciada kw em: conquest,
equipage, loquacious, quail, quaint, quake, quality, quantity, queen,
quibble, quick, quiet, quill, quit, quite, quiver, quote, quoth
2. RARO A combinação <qu> é pronunciada k em: conquer, liquor
Combinação RR
1. COMUM A combinação <rr> é pronunciada ɹ em: arrest, arrival,
arrow, barrel, berry, bizarre, borrow, carry, conferring, correct,
correspond, corrosion, corruption, current, deterrent, err, furry,
horrible, horror, hurry, irrational, irregular, irrelevant, irritate, merry,
mirror, narrow, occurred, occurrence, override, overrun, parrot,
preferred, purr, quarrel, quarry, referral, referred, sorrow, squirrel,
stirred, stirring, stirrup, surrender, surrogate, terrible, terror, torrent,
torrid, transferred, underrate, warrant, warranty, worry
2. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: barroom, earring
Combinação SC
1. COMUM A combinação <sc> é pronunciada sk em: promiscuous,
scabbard, scare, sceptic, sclera, sclerosis, scoop, scope, scorch,
scrape, scratch
2. RARO A combinação <sc> é pronunciada s em: condescension,
convalescent, discern, evanescent, fascination, obscene, scene,
scenery, scent, science, scientific
Combinação SCH
1. RARO A combinação <sch> é pronunciada sk em: scheme, scholar,
school
2. ANÔMALO A combinação <sch> é pronunciada s em: schism
3. ANÔMALO A combinação <sch> é pronunciada ʃ em: schedule,
schlock, schmuck, schnapps, schtick, schwack
4. RARO A combinação <sch> não é pronunciada em: mischief
Combinação SCI
RARO A combinação <sci> é pronunciada ʃ em: conscience,
conscious, luscious, omniscient, prescient
Combinação SH
1. COMUM A combinação <sh> é pronunciada ʃ em: bashful, bush,
dash, dish, fashion, shade, shake, shape, sheet, shell, shine, ship,
shoot, shore, shove, shrub, shut, shy
2. RARO Com pronúncia separada em: disharmony, dishearten,
dishonour, hogshead, mishap
Combinação SIA
1. RARO A combinação <si> é pronunciada ʃə em: Persian
2. RARO A combinação <sia> é pronunciada ʒə em: Asia
Combinação SION
1. COMUM A combinação <sion> é pronunciada ʃən em: apprehension,
ascension, comprehension, condescension, declension, dimension,
excursion, expulsion, mansion, pension, reversion, suspension,
version
Combinação SS
1. COMUM A combinação <ss> é pronunciada s em: address,
assemble, assert, assess, associate, bass, business, canvass,
careless, caress, class, compass, confess, congress, cutlass,
digress, discuss, dismiss, dissociate, dissonance, distress,
embarrass, excess, harass, helpless, hostess, illness, impress,
lesson, lioness, mass, mattress, meaningless, mess, politeness,
process, progress, recess, regress, successful, witness
Combinação SSU
COMUM A combinação <ssu> é pronunciada ʃuː em: issue, tissue
Combinação SU
1. COMUM A combinação <su> é pronunciada sjuː em: consume,
ensue, pursue, suit, suitable, suitor, superfluent, superior, supine
2. COMUM A combinação <su> é pronunciada sjʊ em: sensual, suicide
3. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada sʌ em: consult, sudden,
sully, sultry, sun, sup, supper
4. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʒə em: composure,
enclosure, exposure, leisure, measure, pleasure, treasure, usurer
5. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʃə em: censure, tonsure
6. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʃə em: fissure, pressure
7. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʃʊ em: sugar
8. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʃʊə em: sure
9. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʒjʊ em: casual
10. RARO A combinação <su> é pronunciada ʒʊ em: usual
Combinação TH
1. COMUM A combinação <th> é pronunciada θ em: apathy, authentic,
author, bath, beneath, births, both, breath, broth, cathode, catholic,
dearth, death, depth, earth, ether, faith, forth, froth, growth, health,
hearth, heath, laths, length, mathematics, method, month, months,
moth, north, orthography, path, pathetic, smith, south, strength,
sympathy, thank, thatch, theatre, theme, thick, thief, thin, thing,
think, third, thistle, thong, thorn, thought, thread, threaten, three,
throat, throb, throne, throng, through, throw, thrust, thunder, thwack,
thwart, tooth, truth, wealth, worth, wrath