NASA S P - 7 6 0 1

Supplement 1

OGO w
PROGRAM
=C SUMMARY
‘r b

N A T I O N A L AERONAUTIC S AND SPA( E A D M I N I S T R A T l O N

U S A
 NASA SP-7601
Supplement 1

V
OGO

BY
John E. Jackson

Prepared by
National Space Science Data Center
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Scientific arid Techriical Illformatior1 Braiich 1978

N A T I O N A L A E R O N A U T I ( S A N D SPA( E A I I M I N I S T R A T I O N
Washington, D.C.
This document is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
Springfield, Virginia 22161, at the price code A 0 6 ($6.50 domestic; $1 3.00 foreign).
 ATMOSPHERE PLASMAPAUSE
0 COMPOSITION
0 DENSITY
0 SOLAR RADIATION

iURORA
PARTICLES
EM l S S l 0 N 0 SOLAR WIND
FIELDS 0 COSMIC RAYS

ULTRAVIOLET
MAGNETOSPHERE
0 FIELDS
0 SODIUM
0 WAVES
0 OXYGEN
0 PARTICLES
NITROGEN

ORBITING GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORIES

1964- 1971

...
I11
 CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
I. FOREWORD ........... ................... ................................................ ....................................... 1-1
....................................................... 11-1
................................................... ....................................
5. OGO 5 Results ...................... ............................ ........................................ 111-1
......................................................... 111-1 1

IV. SPACECRAFT A N D E X P E R I M E N T L I T E R A T U R E R E F E R E N C E S .............. ......................... IV-1

....................................................... IV- 1

c. OGO 3 ......... .......................................... ..................................... .................... IV-7

D. OGO 4 ................................................... ...................................... .................................................. 1v-10
E. OGO 5 ................ ..........................................................
F. OGO 6 .............................................................. ........................................................ ........... IV-18

........................................ v-1
A. Literature Cited in IAA ............................................... .............................................................
B. Literature Cited in STAR ........................ .................................................... .......................... V-3 1
C. Literature Cited in Other Series ............................................ ................................................... v-37
VI. INDEXES T O A D D I T I O N A L L I T E R A T U R E CITATIONS A N D ABSTRACTS ...................
A. Subject Index ........................................... ............................................... ......................................
VI-1

B. Personal Author Index ... .............................................. ..............................................

C. Corporate Source Index ........................................... ............................................. ............... VI-25

This IS a contlnuahon of part 111-8 of the OGO Program Summar) (Jackson and Vctte. 1975) In whlch the sclcntlflc results from the OGO 1-4 rnlsslons had bccn givcn undcr the
hcadings I l l - E l through 111-9-4. rcspcctivcly

iv
 I . FOREWORD
A program summary provides a valuable but,
unfortunately, seldom available final report for a
major research undertaking, representing the
combined efforts of hundreds of scientists, engineers,
technicians, and administrators over a period of a
decade o r more. The concept of the program
s u m m a r y , as developed at the National Space
Science Data Center (NSSDC)*, includes not only
a description of the objectives, spacecraft, experi-
ments, and flight performance, but also a complete
experiment-related bibliography along with a
comprehensive assessment of the technological and
scientific accomplishments. The program summary
also provides abstracts of the bibliography, as well
as author, subject, and corporate source indexes.
Such a document should provide a useful manage-
ment tool with which the cost effectiveness of a
scientific program can be measured. This should
be valuable for the planning of future efforts, as
well as for historical purposes.
The NSSDC facilities are unusually well suited
for the compilation of program summaries. The
comprehensive approach used by NSSDC for the
archiving and distribution of satellite data has led
not only to an extensive collection of data tapes,
films and prints but also to a very complete
documentation on spacecraft and experiments. The
spacecraft documentation is in fact more complete
than the acquisition of data at NSSDC, because it
is usually initiated for all missions during the
prelaunch hardware phase and it is available for
all missions, whether or not data are ever deposited
a t NSSDC. This supporting documentation is
computerized and it includes complete descriptions
of spacecraft and experiments. Also available at
NSSDC is a computerized space science literature
file containing some 30,000 literature citations coded
according io saielliie(s) and experiment(s) . The
task of producing a program summary can therefore
be greatly simplified with the help of appropriate
*A glossary of acronyms and abbreviations uscd in this report
V l l l of the OGO Program Summary (Jackson and Vcttc. 1975)
computer printouts from the above NSSDC files.
Program-related papers and reports, which have
not been published in scientific journals, can usually
be found in the NSSDC microfiche file.
The effort devoted to the NSSDC literature file
is not as extensive and comprehensive a s the
aerospace literature acquistion and distribution
program carried out by the NASA Scientific and
Technical Information Facility. Consequently, to
produce the bibliography for a program summary
NSSDC relies heavily on the resources of the NASA
Facility. A cooperative effort between NSSDC
and the NASA Facility led to the production of
t h e first program summary; namely, the OGO
Program Summary (Jackson and Vette, 1975). The
roles of each group and the rationale for such a
document are explained in more detail in the
Foreword and Introduction to the OGO Program
Summary.
This Supplement to the OGO Program Summary
has also been produced jointly by NSSDC and the
NASA Facility. It was pointed out in the
introduction of the OGO Program Summary that a
Supplement would be needed, because the large
number of OGO 5 and OGO 6 articles still
appearing in the literature made it advisable to
delay the writing of the OGO 5 and OGO 6
overviews. This Supplement provides an updating
of the OGO Bibliography with approximately 200
additional citations and the scientific results of the
OGO 5 and OGO 6 missions. Since the latest
literature search was completed 8 years after the
launch of the last O G O mission, the OGO
Bibliography should now be very close to the
definitive stage. Additional publications found later
will be entered on a routine basis in the NSSDC
iiterature iiie to make this information available if
desired. Suggestions for the improvement of future
summaries are solicited.
IS gwcn in section
I- I
 11. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Supplement t o the O G O
Program Summary is to provide a major updating of
the OGO bibliography and a comprehensive sum-
mary of the scientific results from the OGO 5 and
OGO 6 missions. These scientific results were not
included in the original document, because a large
number of OGO 5 and OGO 6 publications were
still appearing in the literature when the OGO Program
S u m m a r y (Jackson a n d Vette, 1975) was being
finalized. The postponement turned out to be well
justified, because t h e total O G O 5 a n d O G O 6
publications have increased substantially during the
subsequent 3 years.
The Supplement follows the same format as that
of the OGO Program Summary, but it does not repeat
finalized information given in the original document.
Thus, the reader must refer to the original document
for spacecraft and experiment descriptions, for much
of the literature citations and related indexes, for the
general s u m m a r y of the OGO program, for the
scientific results from the OGO 1-4 missions, and for
a detailed discussion of format and organization. The
original document should also be consulted for indexes
of experiments, experimenters, and associated institu-
tions. The Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
is not repeated in the Supplement, because it was
essentially complete in the original document.
The bibliography in the Supplement is again
presented by experiment using the same (PM, PS, PC,
OM, and OS) author code and the same (A, N, and
B) document code as explained in the Introduction
for the OGO Program Summary.The updated bibliogra-
phy is cumulative and it shows the total productivity
for each individual experiment. Thelupdatedcumulative
!ist c ~ n t a i n sapproximately 200 additional citations.
The new A and N numbers within the cumulative
list are in italics to indicate that the corresponding
citations and abstracts appear in the Supplement. I n
order to obtain as complete a bibliography as possible,
a final search for OGO publications was conducted
in July 1977 at NSSDC and also at the NASA Scientific
a n d Technical Information Facility. The present
bibliography should be essentially complete as of that
date.
The OGO bibliography given in the OGO Program
Summary and its Supplement includes 1003 documents;
573 are articles in refereed scientific o r technical
journals; 163 are articles in proceedings of symposia
(including proceedings in books; in special publications
by NASA, universities, o r industry; and in COSPAR
publication Space Research). The remaining docu-
ments are classified as: Book Articles (9), Government
Reports (82), University Reports (134) and Industry
Reports (42). The journals in which most of the
articles have been found and the number of articles
are given in Table 11-1.
TABLE 11- 1
Journals Where Most OGO Experiment Articles
Appear
Journal Name No. of Articles
Annales de GCophysique 11
Astrophysical Journals Pts. 1, 2, & 3 28
Journal of Geophysical
Research-Space Science 327
IEEE Proceedings (all) 23
Journal of Atmospheric & Terrestrial 23
Physics
Physical Review Letters 7
Planetary and Space Science 37
Radio Science 14
Solar Physics 30
Space Research (COSPAR) 36
Space Science Reviews 12
Other Journals 61
Of the 964 documents which were related t o
experiments, as opposed to spacecraft, the distribution
was PM = 742, OM = 56, PS = 74, OS = 83, and
PC = 9. Since a given document could be related
to more than one OGO experiment, a single code
assignment was made on the basis of the hierarchy
PM, OM, PS, OS, PC. As expected, the majority of
documents cited were written by the P1 group and
discussed a major topic of an OGO experiment.
T h e s t a t u s of the O G O Bibliography can be
assessed in a quantitative manner with the aid of the
data presented in Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2. These
figures show the total scientific publications from each
of the 6 OGO missions as a function of time. Only
experiment-rela ted publications t h a t appeared i n
scien!ific jo~rna!swere used in compiling the data
for these graphs. The data in Figure 11-1 and Figure
11-2 suggest that the present bibliography is now close
to 100 percent complete for the OGO 1, 2, and 3
missions and about 80 percent complete for the OGO
4, 5, and 6 missions. These cumulative publication
graphs are an updated version of Figure 11- 1and Figure
11-2 from the initial OGO Program Summary. A
comparison with the original graphs shows that the
OGO 5 and OGO 6 publications increased by 67 and
52 j o u r n a l articles, respectively, showing that the
scientific returns were far from being complete for
the last two OGO missions when the initial OGO
Program Summary was being assembled. Somewhat
surprising is the increase in OGO 4 publications.
With the 27 additional publications, which have now
been indentified, it is evident that the previously
published summary of the OGO 4 results is now
somewhat incomplete. I n order to be consistent with
Figures 11-1 and 11-2 from the OGO Program Sum-
mary, the corresponding figures in the Supplement
include all identified journal publications in the PM,
OM, PS and OS categories. From a total of 549
publications shown on the new Figures 11-1 and 11-2.
11-1
INTRO D U CTlON

465 or 85 percent are in the PM or O M categories.

The percentage of publications in the PM or OM
categories varies from a minimum of 75 percent for
theOGO3graph to a maximum of 91 percent for the
OGO 2 graph.
The graphs in Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2 also
provide useful information concerning the time period
required to produce the scientific results from the OGO
missions. These graphs reveal that OGO papers have
been published in scientific journals for a period of
at least 10 years beyond launch, and in the case of
OGO 4, 5 , and 6 for about 6 to 8 years beyond the
end of the data acquisition phase. The peak publication
rate for all the OGO missions extends for a period
of 2 to 3 years, beginning 2 to 3 years after launch.
Allowing an average time of 6 months for publication,
it is seen that about 50 percent of the publications
occurred later than 4 years after launch. Thus, a
large fraction of the important experimental results
are produced well after prime data analysis funding
has ended. OGO experimenters have frequently
stressed in final reports submitted to NASA the fact
t h a t o n l y a small fraction of their data could be
analyzed with the resources available to them. Thus,
potentially an even greater scientific output could have
been achieved in many cases. Even without speculating
on this possible loss of significant scientific results, it
is evident from the graphs in Figure 11-1 and Figure
11-2 that additional support after prime data analysis
is essential if most of the scientific results are to be
understood and made accessible to the scientific
community in an acceptable manner. Evidently, many
OG 0 experimenters have managed to obtain this
additional support and this has contributed i n no
small measure to the extraordinary success of the OGO
program.

11-2
 INTRODUCTION

80
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TIME AFTER LAUNCH (YEARS)

FIGURE Il-1

11- 3
INTRODUCTION

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FIGURE E-2

11-4
 111. OVERVIEW OF THE OGO PROGRAM
Scientific Results From the OGO 5 and OGO 6
Missions
5 . OGO 5 Results
The OGO 5 mission was in many respects the most successful
mission of the OGO program. The three-axis stabilization of
OGO 5 was maintained for 41 months, a duration which was
more than twice the combined total stabilized life of the first
four OGOs. The OGO 5 spacecraft had the greatest number of
successful experiments (22 out of 25) and it yielded the greatest
number of experiment hours of data (636,000). The OGO 5
experiments had by July 1977 resulted in over 200 publications
in refereed scientific journals. This number, which is by far the
greatest of the OGO program, is comparable to the total
combined journal publications from the first four OGO missions.
The OGO 6 mission is i n second place for attitude-controlled
operation (24 months) and for journal publications (about 130).
The OGO 3 mission, however, is in second place for the
number of successful experiments (19 out of 23) and for the
number of experiment hours of data (440,000).
Technologically, OGO 5 represents the last stage of the
OGO spacecraft evolution. The OGO 5 spacecraft incorporated,
for the first time, a capability of ejecting deployable experimental
elements whose effect could not be adequately predicted and
which might jeopardize the success of the mission. Thus, the de
Havilland antennas, which caused oscillation problems on OGO
4, were not only shortened from 18.3 to 9.15 meters (60 to 30
feet), but also made ejectable. The OGO 5 spacecraft did
experience a drop of power (by a factor of IO) in one wideband
transmitter, 30 days after launch. There were also two partial
failures in redundant assemblies. These failures, however, had
very little impact upon the OGO 5 mission.
As indicated earlier, 22 of the 25 OGO 5 experiments can
be considered successful. The three unsuccessful experiments
were: E-07 (Frank), which failed 8 days after launch after
yielding a small amount of useful data (see sections 5.1.3.4 and
5.1.4); E-02 (Sagalyn), which had a partial failure 2 weeks after
launch, followed by very severe degradation preventing the
acquisition of usefui dara; and E-26 (Aggson), which was severeiy
handicapped by the shortening of the antennas from 18.3 to
9.15 meters (60 to 30 feet). Although the scientific objectives of
experiment E-26 could not be achieved, some useful technological
information was obtained concerning electrical field measurements
in very low density plasma (Heppner, 1975).
The scientific results from OGO 5 have been summarized
following the same organization as was used for the overview
of the OGO I , 2, 3, and 4 missions (Jackson and Vette, 1975).
The OGO 5 accomplishments were, therefore, grouped according
to the following disciplines: magnetic a n d electric fields,
low-energy plasmas, energetic particles, radio physics, and optical
experiments (airglow, aurora, Lyman-alpha, etc.). In many
instances, however, it was necessary to modify the above
organization in order to present more coherently various
interdisciplinary investigations such as, for example, the study of
the magnetospheric substorms of August 15, 1968. This substorm
investigation was based upon correlative data from three of the
above disciplines and from a total of seven OGO 5 experi-
ments.
A comparison between OGO 5 and the previous OGO missions
would show that the OGO 5 experiments were in general much
more sophisticated and comprehensive than the earlier OGO
experiments. For example, instead of simply measuring the bulk
speed and density of the solar wind, the OGO 5 experiments
were concerned with topics such as the directional variation of
solar wind temperature (parallel vs perpendicular temperatures)
or temperature differences between solar wind constituents (helium
vs hydrogen temperatures). T h e O G O 5 techniques for
examining waves included such refinements as the production of
dynamic spectra, the determination of principal axes, and the
performance of cross-correlation analyses. Significant improve-
ments were evidenced also in many other areas, particulary in
the multidisciplinary approach to many of the magnetospheric
problems.
5.1 Magnetic Field and Electric Field Measurements
Magnetic and electric field measurements have yielded a
large number of important results concerning various magneto-
spheric regions and concerning various magnetospheric phenomena.
The results are presented by regions insofar as is practical and by
phenomena when this appears to be more appropriate. In many
cases the results presented under the 5.1 headings were based in
part upon low-energy plasma measurements (5.2) and upon
energetic particle data (5.3). This is indicated by references to
the appropriate experiments. N o attempt, however, is made to
include these results again under the 5.2 and 5.3 headings.
5.1.1 Detailed Mapping of the Magnetic Field in the Magnetosphere
(E-15, B-11)
Data from both OGO 3 (Experiment B - l l ) and OGO 5
(Experiment E-15) were used to conduct an extensive study of
magnetospheric morphology at distances greater than 4 R E
using the AB method (Sugiura et al, 1971). Since this study was
initiated using the OGO 3 data, the results were discussed
under section 3.1.1 of the OGO 3 results. Subsequently, Sugiura
(1973a) used the OGO 5 data near perigee to extend the AB
topology to the innermost magnetosphere (2.3 to 3.6 RE). In
this region, Sugiura (1973a) found that the equatorial AB was
related to the Dst magnetic activity index, according to the
formula: AB(gammas)= -45 + 0.83 Dst. These results showed
that magnetospheric equatorial currents have significant effects
upon the magnetic field even at quiet times.
A study of magnetic inclination using data from experiment
E- IS indicated that an appreciable dawn-dusk asymmetry existed
in the configuration of the inner magnetospheric field (Sugiura,
1973b).
5.1.2 Magnetopause Investigations
The magnetopause has been investigated extensively using
magnetic field measurements from OGO 5. A recent and
comprehensive summary of this work (Russell et al, 1974)
shows that these investigations were concerned primarily with
three major areas: structure, average shape, and motions.
5.1.2.1 Magnetopause Structure (E-IS,E-11, E-14, E-17)
The OGO 5 investigations of magnetopause structure using
magnetic field data were basically an extension and a refinement
of the magnetopause investigations, which had been conducted
with the relatively inaccurate Explorer I2 data (Cahill and
Amazeen, 1963; Sonnerup and Cahill, 1967). The Explorer 12
data showed that the magnetic field usually exhibited an abrupt
reversal in direction at the magnetopause. T h i s reversal
sometimes resembled a simple rotation with n o change in
magnitude, and sometimes it resembled a simple tangential
discontinuity. The rotational and tangential discontinuities were
of interest because of their consistency, respectively, with the
open and closed models of the magnetosphere.
Using magnetic field data obtained with experiment E-15
during magnetopause crossing, Sonnerup and Ledley (1974) were
able to find two excellent examples of rotational discontinuities.
Although these results provided the best evidence available to
date of magnetic signatures consistent with an open magneto-
sphere model, the differential electron flux at 45 eV measured
simultaneously with experiment E-I 1 (Ogilvie et al, 197 l a )
exhibited a change in amplitude corresponding more typically to
a closed magnetosphere.
111-1
OVERVIER
A simple magnetopause structure corresponding to a
tangential field discontinuity was investigated by Neugebauer et
al (1974) using magnetic field data from experiment E-14 and
the Faraday cup data from experiment t-17 (flux of positive
ions having E/Q ratios between 100 and 11,OOO V). Neugebauer
et al (1974) found that the observations agreed fairly well (but
not exactly) with the closed magnetosphere model of Chapman
and Ferraro (1931, 1932, 1933, 1940).
In most cases, however, the magnetopause structures observed
by Neugebauer et al (1974) and by Sonnerup and Ledley (1974)
were more complex than simple rotational or simple tangential
discontinuities.
5.1.2.2 Magnetopause Shape (E-15)
Ledley (1971) computed the unit vector perpendicular to the
magnetopause for a number of OGO 5 crossings. This study
was done using magnetic field data from experiment E-15 and
the analysis technique of Sonnerup and Cahill (1967). The
direction of the normal was compared to predictions based
upon a simple model surface. Consistent differences were
observed between outbound and inbound crossings suggesting
that all measurements might have been made during periods of
either expansion or COntrdCtiOn of the magnetopause.
5.1.2.3 Magnetopause Motions (E-14)
The first detailed evidence of an inward displacement of the
magnetopause, as the interplanetary magnetic field reverses from
northward to southward, was found in data from experiment
E-14 obtained during an inbound pass of OGO 5 on March 27,
1968 (Aubry et al, 1970) This inward motion was interpreted
by Aubrey et al (1970) as an “erosion” of the magnetopause.
The “erosion” concept and nomenclature of Aubry et al (1970)
are now fairly well accepted (see section 4.2.9 under the OGO
4 results for a more detailed discussion of magnetopause erosion).
The OGO 5 data of March 27, 1968, also provided clear
evidence of magnetopause oscillations with a period of about IO
minutes (Aubry et al, 1970).
The dependence of the magnetopause position upon the
polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field was confirmed by
Maezawa (1974), who conducted a statistical analysis of the
data from experiment E-14 obtained during 29 magnetopause
crossings. A refinement introduced by M a e z a w a w a s a
normalization procedure which eliminated the effects of changing
solar wind.
5.1.3 Bow Shock Investigations
In a recent and comprehensive review of the extensive
literature dealing with observations of the Earth’s bow shock,
Formisano (1974) stated that: “Very recently, the available
information on the bow shock structure has increased considera-
bly, mainly through the extensive analysis of the data from the
satellites O G O 5 and HEOS I.” Formisano’s appraisal of the
importance of the OGO 5 data is particularly significant, because
Formisano was recognized in the U.S. National Report to the
IUGG for the period 1971-1974, as one of the two individuals
most responsible for the progress in the understanding of the
terrestrial bow shock during the period 197 1-1974 (Russell,
1975).
5.1.3.1 Bow Shock Velocity and Coherence (E-14)
Some very important information concerning bow shock
motions was derived from the simultaneous measurements made
on February 12, 1969, with OGO 5 (Experiment E-14) and
HEOS I (field magnitude and solar wind data), when an almost
ideal geometrical relationship existed between the two . satellites.
For the first time it was possible to measure shock velocities
without the need to assume large-scale coherence and rotational
symmetry for the shock motion. These measurements yielded
shock velocities significantly higher than had previously been
111-2
reported. Simultaneous observations with Explorer 33 at 125
K~ showed that the bow shock was behaving on this occasion
(February 12, 1969) as a coherent surface over an enormous
span (Greenstadt et al, 1972).
5.1.3.2 Laminar Bow Shock Structure (E-14, E-17, E-24)
The M and p parameters* of the solar wind were both low
enough (M 5 2.5 and 0 < 0.01) on February 12, 1969, to
produce the laminar shock structure expected from theory. A
detailed study of the actual shock structure using data from
experiments E-14, E-17, and E-24 yielded the most complete
picture to date of the bow shock in its simplest laminar form
(Greenstadt et al, 1975).
5.1.3.3 Turbulent Bow Shock Structure (E-14, E-17. E-18, E-24)
Turbulent structures, characterized by M > 3 and 0.1 < e
< 10, are the most commonly observed at the bow shock.
Turbulent shocks observed on March 12, 1968, were investigated
in considerable detail by experiments E-14, E-17, E-18, and
E-24. The electric field data from experiment E-24 provided
the first observations of electrostatic turbulence in the Earth’s
bow shock (Fredricks et al, 1968) and the first frequency versus
time spectra showing the microscopic details of this electrostatic
turbulence (Fredricks et al, 1970).
Regions of large gradients i n total magnetic field as measured
by experiment E-14 were found to correlate with regions of
electric field enhancements (Fredricks and Coleman, 1969). The
data from experiment E-14were also used to set an upper limit
of 24 km for the shock thickness (Fredricks and Coleman,
1969). Simultaneous observations with experiment E-18 showed
that solar protons experienced an increase in energy at (or
after) the maximum of the electrostatic noise. The upstream
parameters were measured by experiment E-17. A comprehen-
sivesummary of the above shock observations on March 12,
1968, ha5 been given by Fredricks et al (1970).
5.1.3.4 Mixed Bow Shock Structure (E-7)
A special class of turbulent shock called “mixed structure”
occurs when the angle (Ign between the magnetic field direction
and the shock normal is small.** Under this condition some
particles of the incoming solar wind can be reflected with
increased energy. An excellent example of electrons reflected at
the bow shock was provided by experiment E-7 (Fredricks et
al, 1971).
5.1.3.5 Quasi-Turbulent Bow Shock Structure (E-14, E-16, E-17)
The only observation of a shock structure corresponding to
low M and high 6 values (quasi-turbulent case) was made with
OGO 5 on March 5, 1969 (Neugebauer et al, 1971). The
shock data were obtained by experiments E-14, E-16, and E-17.
Since M was equal to 3 in this case, there is some doubt that
M was truly subcritical.
M magnctosonic (or Alfvc’n) Mach number, which i s basically a velocity
~
parameter.
M IS considered high 11 11 IS above a cntical value of about 3
M IS low )I11 1s less than the critical value.
9
, = ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure.
{j IS typtcally between 0.1 and IO. 4 IS considered low if less than 0.1. high
11 greater than 0.1. and very high 11 greater than IO
** Shocks corresponding to small Values of R e n arc also called “pulsating” and
“quan-parallel ’’ The invcsbgation of these shocks IS Lontinuing (Grctnstadt et
al. 1977)

5.1.3.6 Turbulent Bow Shock Structure with Very High (3 Values
(E-I, E-14, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-24)
Very high 0 values (6 > IO) are extremely rare and they
usually last only a few minutes. On January 23, 1969, a very
high 6 condition lasted for more than 90 minutes during which
the OGO 5 satellite crossed the bow shock once under conditions
of moderately high 6 (6 = 8) and twice under conditions of
extremely high 6 (6 = 170 and (3 = 49). A detailed study of
these crossings using data from experiments E-I, E-14, E-16,
E-17, E-18, and E-24 indicated that a steady state bow shock
may not be able to form at very high f? (Formisano et al,
1975).
5.1.4 Investigations of the Interplanetary Medium (E-14, E-24,
E-17, E-7)
Early observations suggested that the bow shock was the
outer boundary of the Earth’s influence upon the solar wind.
The upstream region beyond the bow shock was therefore
assimed to represent the undisturbed interplanetary medium. It
is now known that information on the presence of the bow
shock is transmitted upstream as far as the orbit of the Moon.
Part of this information propagates upstream as magnetohydrody-
namic waves. A detailed investigation of these waves by
experiment E-14 (Russell et al, 1971a) showed that these waves
form discrete packets propagating toward the Sun, but blown
back toward the shock. Simultaneous upstream observations on
January 30, 1969, showed that (1) the M H D wave amplitude
(measured by experiment E-14) was very closely correlated with
the variations i n local electron density (measured by experiment
E-17) and (2) the instantaneous electron density could also be
determined very accurately from the plasma wave emissions
detected by experiment E-24 (Fredricks et al, 1972).
The data from experiment E-14 showed that the near-Earth
region upstream from the bow shock is free from terrestrial
contamination if the interplanetary magnetic field at the satellite
does not intersect the bow shock (Childers and Russell, 1972).
On the average, the interplanetary field lies along the
Parker spiral, and the result would be for the afternoon side of
the upstream region to be free of terrestrial contamination.
Childers and Russell (1972) investigated the amplitude distribution
of this contamination and found that the amplitudes were
attenuated by a factor of 3 over a distance of about 4 RE.
This study also revealed that deviations from the average field
configuration occurred frequently enough. that even on the
afternoon side contamination was seldom absent for periods of
more than 5 hours (at the OGO 5 orbit).
Upstream evidence of the bow shock was also observed in
the electric field data of experiment E-24, in the solar plasma
flux data of experiment E-17, and in the 4- to 7-keV proton
data of experiment E-7 (Scarf et al, 1970).
The data from experiment E-14, together with data from
Mariners 2, 4, and 5, were also used to study the dominant
polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field above and below
the solar equatorial plane. This study indicated that the
dominant polarity in a given “solar” hemisphere was basically
that of the dipole component of the Sun’s field in the same
hemisphere (Rosenberg and Coleman, 1969).
5.1.5 Magnetotail and Substorm Studies (E-14, E-24, E-17, E-18,
E-6, E-13)
One of the most fascinating problems of space science is
the study of the transfer of energy from the solar wind to the
magnetosphere and of the subsequent dissipation of this energy.
Although a large number of topics are included in this
multifaceted study, the magnetospheric substorm is perhaps the
topic which has received the most attention. * Significant
Substorm investigations have led to an overwheimmg proliferation of sclcntiflc
publications. A r c e n t review of thls topic by Rostokcr (1972) lists a total of 173
references on substorms.
OVERVIEW
contributions have been made in this area by the OGO 5
experimenters. Yet, in spi!e of cozcer:ed cfforts by many
investigators from various satellite and ground-based programs,
several important aspects of substorm behavior and theory
remain unresolved (Vasyliunas and Wolf, 1973).
The classical description of the polar magnetic substorm, as
derived from ground-based data, includes two phases: expansion
and recovery (Akasofu, 1964). The beginning of the expansion
phase is marked by a variety of phenomena, including the onset
of sharp negative bays on auroral magnetograms. Some
indication of a third (or growth) phase, preceding the expansion
phase was detected in ground based data (McPherron, 1968). The
best evidence for a growth phase, however, was found in the
OGO 5 data obtained during the two substorms of August 15,
1968. The OGO 5 satellite was then traveling inbound on the
midnight meridian through the cusp region of the geomagnetic
tail. The beginning of each substorm expansion phase was
determined from t h e ground-based observations, using the
classical data analysis procedures. It was then shown, using the
data from experiment E-14 on OGO 5 that the above expansion
phase was preceded by a growth phase during which significant
changes occurred i n the near tail magnetic field (McPherron et
al, 1973a). This conclusion was confirmed and extended by
correlative particle observations made on OGO 5 by experiments
E-13 (Kivelson et al, 1973) and E-6 (West et al, 1973b; Buck et
al, 1973). and by the plasma wave data from experiment E-24
(Scarf et al, 1973b). These measurements showed that the
geomagnetic tail acts as a temporary storage reservoir for energy
transferred from the solar wind, prior to the release of this
energy in substorms. These observations were used to develop
a substorm model in which the substorm sequence is divided in
three main phases: growth, expansion, and recovery (McPherron
et al, 1973b). The growth phase concept has been criticized by
Akasofu and Snyder (1972) and it remains one of the many
controversial issues concerning substorms. It is now generally
agreed, however, that the magnetotail plays an active and
important role in the development of substorms (Russell and
McPherron, 1973).
Magnetic field fluctuations in the magnetotail have been
studied extensively, using data from experiment E-14, in an
attempt to identify instabilities which might be related to the
substorm process (Russell, 1972a). This study has led to the
observation of a variety of magnetic wave phenomena in the
tail, but the information was not complete enough to lead to
final conclusions concerning these instabilities.
The field-aligned currents which flow on the plasma sheet
boundary also appear t o play a significant part in t h e
development of instabilities in the plasma sheet. Aubry et al
(1972). using data from experiments E-13 and E-14, showed
that the currents flowing a t the outer boundary had a
magnitude large enough to drive these instabilities. Scarf et
al (1973a). using data from several OGO 5 experiments (E-24,
E-14, E-17, and E-18). discovered field-aligned currents of
comparable magnitude flowing at the inner edge of the plasma
sheet.
The above summary of the OGO 5 substorm investigations
is by no means complete. At best, it indicates the magnitude
of the OGO 5 effort devoted to the substorm problem. The
pieces of the substorm puzzle have been and continue to be
slowly assembled by investigators from many programs. At the
present time many important questions concerning substorms
remain unanswered (Schindler, 1975).
5.1.6 Study of the Polar Cusp during the Storm of November I,
1968* (E-13, E-14, E-17, E-18, E-24)
Although the polar cusp (see section 4.2.9 of the OGO
Program Summary) is normally at higher magnetic latitudes
than the OGO 5 orbit, during geomagnetic storms the cusp
moves southward and it can be intersected by the OGO 5
orbit. This occured during the storm of November I, 1968,
The November 1, 1968. siorm was one of the largest geomagnetic disturbances of
the solar cyclc.
111-3
OVERVIEW
and led to a wealth of OGO 5 data on particle population and
wave activity in the disturbed cusp. Data from experiments
E-13, E-14, E-17, E-18, and E-24 showed that the polar cusp
had indeed moved e q u a t o r w a r d during the s t o r m , that
magnetosheath electrons and protons were present in this region,
and that the stormtime cusp was highly turbulent at ULF and
VLF frequencies (Russell et al, 1971b). A detailed analysis of
the data from experiment E-24 showed that the polar cusp
region is a major source of strong local magnetospheric wave
activity and a region where wave-particle interactions control
the plasma dynamics. The observed wave levels were particularly
intense at the cusp boundaries, suggesting that a variety of
instabilities are associated with the high gradients in plasma
density and in thermal energy at the cusp boundaries (Scarf et
al, 1972).
Further study of the November I , 1968, polar cusp data
showed ( I ) that the data of experiment E-14 were consistent
with the presence of field-aligned current layers and (2) that the
data of experiment E-24 were indicative of potential drops
between OGO 5 (at about 3 Rt geocentric) and the ionosphere
on the order of 2 kilovolts (Fredricks et al, 1973).
The OGO 5 data of November I, 1968, also provided a
rare opportunity to observe the interface region between the
polar cusp and the magnetosheath. Two transitions were
detected. The first one resembled the magnetopause signature
and corresponded to a slight depression in the magnetopause.
The second one appeared to be a collisionless shock within the
magnetosheath (Scarf et al, 1974).
5.1.7 Outer Radiation Zone-Plasma Sheet Boundary (E-13, E-14,
E-17, E-18. E-24)
Coordinated OGO 5 measurements made by Scarf et al
(1973a) at the outer radiation zone-plasma sheet boundary with
experiments E-13, E-14, E-17, E-18, and E-24 revealed phenomena
similar to those seen at the dayside polar cusp boundary (see
section 5.1.6).
5.1.8 Polar Cap and Auroral Oval (E-15. E-13, E-14, E-17,
E-18, E-24)
Analysis of ground-based data obtained during the Internat-
ional Geophysical Year 1957-1958 showed that auroral activity
tends to be continuously present in a circular belt (auroral
oval), centered approximately 4 deg South of the magnetic
dipole axis toward the dark hemisphere, and approximately 30
deg in diameter. This auroral oval is fixed in geomagnetic
dipole latitude versus local time coordinates. The discovery of
the auroral oval was a major refinement of the earlier auroral
zone concept, initially inferred in the 19th century from the
accounts of polar explorers.
I t is now generally accepted that the auroral oval corresponds
to the projection on Earth of the polar cusp (dayside of oval)
and of the plasma sheet (nightside of oval). The near-Earth
plasma-sheet region is sometimes called the “nightside cusp.”
The region inside the oval is known as the polar cap and it
corresponds to the termination on Earth of the tail geomagnetic
field lines (for the given hemisphere).
Although the existence and location of the auroral oval was
found consistent with subsequent developments in magnetospheric
physics, some aspects of the auroral oval concept are currently
being reexamined (Eather, 1973). Specifically, should the
important magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions evidenced by
the auroral oval be organized on the basis of auroral light, or
should the auroral displays be recognized as one manifestation
of the more fundamental geomagnetic field morphology and
particle precipitation patterns? W h a t a r e t h e significant
boundaries? What criteria should be used to define these
boundaries? How far into the magnetosphere do the boundaries
extend? Some of these questions have been investigated by
Sugiura (1975) who showed, using data from experiment E-15,
that the polar cap and auroral belt boundaries could be identified
in the magnetosphere at distances of typically 5 to 7 R,., Scarf
et al (1975) in a paper, which was basically an extension of
1114
their earlier studies discussed under sections 5.1.6 and 5.1.7,
reached conclusions similar to those presented by Sugiura (1975).
namely that the boundaries are revealed by field-aligned currents.
The two papers (Scarf et al, 1975 and Sugiura, 1975) were
published in the same issue of the Journal of Geophysical
Research.
The polar cap and auroral oval problems have been presented
in some detail because of their close (and unifying) relationships
to many magnetospheric topics investigated extensively under the
OGO program. (See, for example, sections 1.2.2, 4.2.8, 4.2.9,
4.2.10, 4.3.4, 5.1.4, 5.1.5, 5.1.6, 5.1.7, and various later sections
of the OGO 5 and OGO 6 results.)
5 . I .9 Magnetospheric Wave Phenomena
Experiments E-14, E-16, E-17, and E-24 on O G O 5 have
detected a great variety of magnetic and electric waves, ranging
in frequency from millihertz to kilohertz, occurring throughout
the magnetosphere and in the near-Earth solar wind. Although
many of these waves had been previously observed, several new
wave phenomena were discovered by the OGO 5 investigators.
The OGO 5 measurement of magnetic field and magnetospheric
plasma have also led to an increased awareness of the importance
of ULF, ELF, and VLF waves in the physical processes occurring
in the magnetosphere (Russell, 1972b; Scarf and Fredricks,
1972).
T h i s section (5.1.9) is concerned primarily with wave
phenomena that were either discovered or extensively investigated
by the O G O 5 investigators. It should be noted, however, that
the earlier discussion of wave phenomena associated with the
upstream region (section 5.1.4). the magnetotail (section 5 1.5).
and the polar cusp (section 5.1.6) is not repeated under sectioii
5.1.9.
5.1.9.1 Electrostatic Waves with f -3f,/Z (E-24)
The data from experiment E-24 led to the discovery of
electrostatic waves having a frequency equal to 3/2 times the
electron cyclotron frequency (Kennel et al, 1970a). The 3fC/2
waves were observed at geomagnetic latitudes ranging from 50
deg South to 40 deg North, but the strongest emission tended
to occur near the geomagnetic equator, near midnight and for 5
< L < 7, i t . , near the base of the plasmasheet (Fredricks and
Scarf, 1973).
The large amplitude of the 3fC/2 waves, together with their
high frequency, suggested that these emissions could be
responsible for pitch-angle diffusion and energization of auroral
electrons (Scarf et al, 1973b). This is only one of many ways
in which wave-particle interactions appear to be relevant to the
development of magnetic storms and substorms. I t is now
believed that future progress in substorm theory requires that
the effects of wave-particle interactions be included in theoretical
substorm models (Fredricks, 1975).
5.1.9.2 Strong Impulsi\e Bursts (E-24)
Also discovered in the data from experiment E-24 were
strong, impulsive, almost undispersed electric field bursts in the
I- to 10-kHz frequency range. These bursts tend to occur near
current layers in the upstream solar wind, the bow shock
region, and the magnetosheath (Scarf and Fredricks, 1972).
5.1.9.3 Lion Roars (E-16)
Data obtained in the magnetosheath with experiment E-16
led to the discovery of narrow-band emissions with center
frequencies near 100 Hz. These emissions were named “lion
roars” because they sound like roaring lions when played through
a loudspeaker (Smith et al, 1969). Smith and Tsurutani (1976)
conducted statistical studies of the center frequency, amplitude.
and duration of lion-roar signals. The center frequency was
found to be approximately one-half the local electron gyrofre-
quency. The maximum amplitudes were found to have an

average value of 85 milligammas. The probability of occurrence
increased from LO percent in magnetically quiet intervals to 75
percent during disturbed periods. The propagation of lion-roar
emission was found to be essentially along the ambient magnetic
field, and this field was seen to decrease in magnitude in the
presence of lion roars. Although the generating mechanism for
lion roars is still poorly understood, the lion-roar emission
appears to be an important feature of the magnetosheath.
5.1.9.4 Micropulsations (B-11, E-15, E-14)
The first comprehensive survey of continuous micropulsations
in the magnetosphere was conducted by Heppner et al (1970).
using data from OGO 3 (Experiment B-ll) and OGO 5
(Experiment E-15) obtained within 20 deg of the magnetic
equator. Micropulsations with Pc 3 periods (10-45 sec) were
found to prevail in the daytime magnetosphere. The Pc 4
(45- I50 sec) micropulsations were also seen throughout the
daytime magnetosphere, but mainly between L = 5 and L =
IO. The frequency of occurrence of the Pc 4 waves was about
one order of magnitude smaller than that of the Pc 3 waves.
The Pc 2 (5-10 sec) and the PC 1 (0.2-5 sec) waves were
observed primarily close to the magnetopause. The above study
by Heppner et al (1970) was a preliminary one and it did not
yield a sufficient number of observations in the Pc 5 range
(150-600 sec) to be statistically significant. A more extensive
study of the Pc 5 range, based upon 22 months of OGO 5
fluxgate magnetometer data (Experiment E- 14) was subsequently
carried out by Kokubun et al (1976). The Pc 5 waves were
observed primarily in the region L = 6-13, at magnetic latitudes
10-30 deg, and in the morning sector between 0300 and 1100
LT. The study by Kokubun et al (1976) included also a
determination of the polarization properties of the Pc 5 waves.
Simultaneous data from experiment E-14 on OGO 5 and from
the fluxgate magnetometer on A T S l were used by Hughes et
al (1977) to show that the Pc 4 waves exhibit their maximum
amplitudes near L = 7. This result is consistent with the field
line resonance theory of Chen and Hasegawa (1974).
The first observation in space of band-limited Pi 1
micropulsations was made with the data from experiment E-14
(McPherron and Coleman, 1971). These irregular pulsations
had been observed on the ground for many years, but their
existence above the ionosphere was in doubt. These Pi 1
pulsations were first observed on June 8, 1968, between 7 and
5 Rb on the dawn meridian just below the magnetic equator
during the recovery phase of a magnetospheric substorm.
Micropulsations with comparable periods and amplitudes were
simultaneously observed i n the auroral zone near the (magnetic)
subsatellite point. Additional parameters also obtained by
McPherron and Coleman (1971) included polarization, ellipticity,
and propagation characteristics of the Pi 1 micropulsations.
5.1.9.5 Plasmaspheric Hiss (E-16, E-18)
I t was found from the OGO 3 triaxial search coil
magnetometer (Experiment B-IO) that a relatively steady hiss
band was present throughout the magnetosphere for L values
less than 5. Using OGO 5 data collected simultaneously from
experiments E-16 and E-18, Thorne et al (1973) showed that
hiss emissions were contained almost exclusively within the
high-density plasmasphere. In view of the remarkable agreement
between the plasmapause position and the hiss cutoff, this hiss
emission was named the plasmaspheric hiss. T h e main
exception to the general rule was found in the afternoon sector
at high geomagnetic latitude where hiss emission occurred well
outside the plasmasphere. Hiss in this restricted zone outside
the plasmasphere was called exohiss.
Using data from experiments E-16 and E-18, obtained inside
the plasmasphere and for L > 2.5, Chan et al (1974) found
that the hiss amplitude A was related to the ambient density N
according to the formula: A = kln(N/No), where k is a
proportionality constant and No is a threshold value of density
below which hiss will not occur. Localized hiss observed
outside of the plasmasphere in regions of detached ion density
OVERVIEW
enhancements was shown to have an amplitude variation in
excellent agreement with the above formula (Chan and iiolzer,
1976). The above empirical relationship between hiss amplitude
and plasma density suggests that the observed plasmaspheric
hiss (for L > 2.5) is generated near the point of observation, a
conclusion that is consistent with the theory of magnetospheric
ELF hiss developed by Etcheto et al (1973).
5.1.9.6 Chorus in the Outer Magnetosphere (E-16)
The data from experiment E-16 made it possible to determine
for the first time the wave normal direction of chorus in the
outer magnetosphere (Burton and Holzer, 1974). It was found
that the daytime wave normals were contained primarily within
20 deg from the geomagnetic field in the equatorial and
midlatitude regions. At high latitudes the daytime wave normal
distribution was less regular, and it extended to approximately
40 deg from the geomagnetic field. The only nighttime
measurements were for equatorial conditions, and they agreed
with the daytime measurements. The determinations of wave
normal directions combined with simultaneous electron-energy
and pitch-angle measurements showed that the chorus data were
in qualitative agreement with existing theory (see Thorne and
Kennel, 1967, and references therein for theoretical discussions
of chorus generation). Specifically, these data were found to be
consistent with ( I ) wave generation by cyclotron resonance with
electrons in the 5- to 150-keV energy range, (2) wave generation
only when the pitch-angle distribution is peaked at 90 deg and
it exceeds a critical anisotropy, (3) wave generation in the
vicinity of the geomagnetic equator, and (4) wave generation
when the wave normal is at an angle of about 20 deg with
respect to the geomagnetic field. Away from the source the
data indicated that both ducted and unducted propagation of
chorus could occur at different times. The analysis of the data
from experiment E-16 was carried out one step further by
Burton (1976). who showed (for the first time) that chorus
generation occurs only when the pitch-angle anisotropy exceeds
substantially the critical anisotropy defined by Kennel and
Petschek (1966).
5.2 Low-Energy Plasma Experiments
A large number of OGO 5 investigations were based upon
simultaneous data from the magnetic field measurements and
from the low-energy plasma measurements. I n many cases
high-energy particle measurements were also included in these
joint efforts. In such cases the scientific results could be given
under two or three of the 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 headings. To avoid
duplications, results based upon d a t a from two o r m o r e
disciplines were presented only once and under the discipline
which seemed the most appropriate. Since the participating
experiments have been indicated under each topic discussed, a
summary of contributions by experiments or by discipline could
readily be compiled, if desired.
5.2.1 Low-Energy Plasmas in the Magnetosphere (General)
One of the outstanding accomplishments of the OGO 5
mission is the comprehensive investigation made of the low-energy
plasmas i n the plasmasphere and in the trough region between
the plasmasphere and the magnetopause. Discussed under the
5.2.I headings are measurements that have provided the general
characteristics of the electron and ion density variation versus
the parameter L and measurements of plasma temperatures and
satellite potential.
5.2.1.1 Ion Density Versus L (E-18, E-3)
The most complete study of the low-energy ion density in
the magnetosphere was conducted with the OGO 5 mass
spectrometer data (Experiment E- 18). The data from experiment
E-18 have provided numerous profiles of oxygen, hydrogen, and
helium ion densities within the plasmasphere (Harris et al,
111-5
OVERVIEW
19701. The smoothest D k m a densitv variations were observed
in the bulge (dusk) region where a </K4 radial dependence was
usually exhibited by the ion density profiles (Chappell et al.
1970b). The profiles in the nightside region were found to be
less smooth because of their rapid response to magnetic activity
changes (Chappell et al, 1970a). The dayside profiles were
observed to be the most irregular. Chappell et al (1971b)
concluded that the dayside profiles were influenced by effects
occuring during the previous night and by filling from the
daytime ionosphere. These effects sometime combined to produce
a double plasmapause in the daytime profile. The ion density
profiles exhibited quite consistently a wavelike structure at L =
6.5, independently of the plasmapause position (Harris et al,
1970). Chen et al (1976) used the data from experiment E-18 to
investigate the diurnal variation of the equatorial thermal plasma
at L = 2.4 and L = 3.2. This work led to the discovery of a
semidiurnal variation in the hydrogen ion density with peaks
near noon and midnight. A few total ion density profiles were
also obtained with experiment E-3, lea ding^ t o observed
plasmapause positions consistent with the results of experiment
E-IX (Qrhu and Maier.
.. ~1970)
.. ~-,- ~ ~ ,
5.2.1.2 Electron Density Versus L ( E - I )
Electron densities versus L, measured within the plasmasphere
by experiment E-I (Freeman, 1973) were found to be consistent
with the ion densities measured by experiment t - 1 8 (see section
5.2.1.1). When detectable in the data of experiment E-I, the
plasmapause position agreed with that found by experiment
E-18. T h e electron density measurements made in the
plasmatrough by experiment E-I appear to suffer from vehicle
potential effects.
5.2.1.3 Ion Temperature Versus L (E-3)
Experiment E-3 yielded the first measurements of ion
temperature profiles in the magnetosphere. I t was found that
the ion temperature increased from about 2 x I O 4 deg K inside
the plasmasphere to about I05 deg K outside the plasmasphere.
The temperature increase occurred typically within 0.8 Rk at a
location consistent with the plasmapause position (Serbu and
Maier, 1970).
5.2.1.4 Satellite Potential Measurements ( E - I , E-3)
Satellite potential measurements were made by experiments
E- I and E-3. The results, unfortunately, revealed inconsistencies
which were left unresolved (Serbu, 1976). The disagreements
between the satellite potential measurements and the apparent
immunity of experiment E-18 to satellite potential effects (Harris,
1974) would indicate that the complex OGO 5 satellite surface
was not at a uniform potential with respect to the ambient
plasma.
5.2.2 Investigation of the Plasmapause
The ion data from experiment E-18 have yielded extensive
information concerning the plasmapause position, making it
possible to investigate this parameter in considerable detail.
5.2.2.1 Plasmapause Identification ( E - I S )
Since H . is t h e major ion component of the outer
plasmasphere, the plasmapause morphology was derived primarily
from the H ' profiles. The plasmapause, however, could
frequently be seen also in the He* data and even occasionally
in the O+ data (Harris et al, 1970). The ion density through
the plasmapause was found to exhibit a great variability in its
appearance; and, consequently, criteria had to be developed to
achieve consistency in the identification of the plasmapause
(Chappell et al, 1970a).
5.2.2.2 Plasmapause Position vs Kp( E-IS)
The data from experiment E-18 showed that the plasmapause
position in the midnight to 0400 sector agreed fairly well with
the formula L = 6 - 0.6 Kp of Binsack (1967). The best
correlation between the L value of the plasmapause and the
magnetic activity was obtained by allowing a 2- to &hour
response time following changes in the values of Kp (Chappell
et al, 1970a). The plasmapause position on the dayside (0400
to 1500 sector) seemed to be determined by the level of
magnetic activity present during the previous corotation of the
dayside sector through the formative nightside region (Chappell
et al, 1971b). In the bulge region (1500 to 2200 sector) the
plasmapause position was found to range from L > 9 when Kp
< I to L = 4 when K p > 4. Because of greater variability,
the plasmapause position was not as well defined in terms of
Kp as it was in the nighttime sector (Chappell et al, 1970b).
5.2.3 Investigation
of the Trough ~~~i~~
(~-18)
A oarticularlv imoortant result obtained from exDeriment
E-18 w'as the f h accurate measurement of the ion' densitv
(H') in the trough region beyond the plasmapause (Harris,
1974). The trough densities were found to be typically between
0.1 and 10 ions/cm3. The analysis of one year of data from
experiment E-18 showed that the minimum densities occurred
near midnight, while the maximum densities occurred in the late
morning and early afternoon. An unusual feature of these data
was a substantial reduction in density near local noon.
Isolated regions of relatively dense plasma (IO- 100 ions/cm3)
were frequently observed in the afternoon-dusk trough region
and interpreted as detached plasmas (Chappell et al, 1970b;
Chamell. 1974). These observations. however, could also be
mteipreted as plasmatail structures (see section 4.2.3)
5.2.4 Storm Effects on the Plasmasphere (E-IS)
A combination of data from OGO 4 (see section 4.4.1).
OGO 5 (Experiment E-18). and the ground whistler station at
Byrd, Antarctica, led to new information concerning the variable
magnetospheric convection, and the gradual erosion of the
plasmasphere during the magnetospheric substorm of August 15,
1968 (Carpenter and Chappell, 1973). Much of the plasma
removed from the plasmasphere in the dusk sector appeared to
remain nearby as an irregular outlying structure in the ion
density profile. From the combined observations it was inferred
that westward electric fields of the order of 0.5 mV/m were
present in the midnight sector during the substorm.
5.2.5 The Plasmasphere and Stable Auroral Red Arcs ( E - I S )
A phenomenon associated with some geomagnetic storms is
the stable (or subauroral) red arc (SAR arc). Plasmaspheric
ion densities were measured with experiment E-18 during
observations of SAR arcs associated with the storm of October
29 to November 7, 1968, and with the storms of October 10 to
17, 1968. I t was found that the plasmasphere was drastically
reduced in size during these storms and that the SAR arcs were
located at L value near the position of the plasmapause (Chappell
et al, 1971a).
5.2.6 Magnetospheric Convection Model ( E - I S )
Chappell (1972) showed that the general characteristics of
the plasmasphere measured by experiment E-18 during periods of
steady magnetic activity were in general agreement with the
steady-state (uniform) electric - field convection model originally
proposed by Axford and Hines (1961). Chappell et al (1972)
explained the plasmasphere dynamics inferred from the
observations made with experiment E-I8 by using an extension
of the model of Axford and Hines (1961). which included the
effects of nonuniform convection.

5.2.7 Magnetopause Study with the Low-Energy Electron
Spectrometer (E-11)
Electron fluxes between 25 eV and several keV were measured
near the dawn magnetopause with experiment E-11, It was
found that the electron flux a t 45 eV provides an accurate
determination of the magnetopause location. A magnetopause
thickness of about 200 km was derived from such observations.
Simultaneous magnetic field measurements with experiment E-15
provided complementary data for the calculations of pressure
balance across the magnetopause. These calculations showed
that inside the magnetosphere near the magnetopause the plasma
energy density was nearly equal to the magnetic field energy
density. It was also concluded from this investigation that a
significant contribution was made to the total plasma energy
density by the particle population outside the 25 eV to several
keV range measured by experiment E-11 (Ogilvie et al, 1971a).
5.2.8 Bow Shock Effects Measured with Low-Energy Plasma
Experiments (E-11, E-17, E-18)
The data from experiment E-ll were used to conduct an
extensive survey of electron temperature in the magnetosheath
and nearby interplanetary medium. This survey, conducted by
Scudder et al (1973). included 25,626 observations. The main
conclusions were as follows. In the nearby interplanetary
medium the mean electron temperature was 1.55 x 105 deg K.
T h e electron t e m p e r a t u r e anisotropy estimated from 6827
calculations was TI, / T L = 1.24 on magnetic lines terminating at
the bow shock and T, /TL ~ 1 . 1 1 on miss lines. Thirty-four
observations of bow shock crossings (from the interplanetary
medium to the sheath) showed mean electron density and
temperature jumps of 2.1:l and 4.2:1, respectively. Ogilvie et al
(1971b). using data from experiment E-11, showed that the
electron energy flux in the solar wind revealed a significant
sunward component at energies greater than 210 eV whenever
measurements were made on magnetic-field lines intersecting the
bow shock surface. Since this effect was not seen on miss
lines, it was concluded that electron acceleration occurred a t the
bow shock.
High time-resolution p l a s m a measurements made with
experiment E-I7 during bow shock crossings showed t h a t
solar-wind positive ions often undergo a substantial deceleration
just upstream of the bow shock (Neugebauer, 1970). Com-
plementary observations with experiment E-18 showed that the
solar wind proton flux increased in density and that its velocity
distribution became randomized in passing through the bow
shock from the upstream region to the magnetosheath (Ossakow
et al. 1970). Using data from experiment E-18, Ossakow and
Sharp (1973) showed that the predominant scale length for the
above changes was c/wp,(where c is the speed of light and o,,,
is the proton plasma frequency).
5.2.9 Power Spectrum of the Solar Wind (E-17)
The first measurements of solar-wind positive-ion power
spectra in the 0.0048 to 13.3 Hz range were obtained with
experiment E-17 (Unti et al, 1973). Although 25 of the 32
power spectra presented by Unti et al were consistent with a
power law distribution of the scale sizes of the irregularities, 7
of the spectra showed small power enhancements near the
frequency expected for the convection of gyroradius siLe structures
past the satellite. Using a much greater number of spectra from
experiment E-17 (634 quiet spectra and 1094 disturbed spectra),
Neugebauer (1975) extended the work of Unti et al and found
that a power spectrum enhancement corresponding to gyroradiussize
irregularities w a s clearly seen when m a n y spectra were
amplitude-normalized, frequency-normalized (to the gyrofreq-
uency), and averaged. Some doubts concerning the above
interpretation of the spectral enhancements have been raised,
however, by Unti and Russell (1976), who pointed out that
spectral enhancements seen o n individual spectra were not at
the proper frequency and that several other explanations,
including bow shock effects, could be given for the observations.
The controversy is currently unresolved.
OVERVIEW
5.2.10 'Temperature Differences in the Solar Wind (E-17)
Approximately 2000 hydrogen and helium spectra measured
in the solar wind with experiment E-17 were used by Neugebauer
(1976) to investigate T,,, / T I { , the helium to hydrogen
temperature ratio. This study confirmed the I M P 6 observations
(Feldman et al, 1974) of the inverse dependence of T,/Trl on
the ratio of the solar wind expansion time scale to a Coulomb
collision time scale. The analysis of Feldman et al was also
extended to show that the velocity difference V!le - V, also
varies in a similar manner. Neugebauer (1976) concluded that
the OGO 5 results suggest a model of continuous preferential
acceleration and heating of helium (or deceleration and cooling
of hydrogen) that is opposed by Coulomb collisions.
5.2.11 Comparison of Solar Wind a t 0.7 and 1 AU (E-17)
Intriligator and Neugebauer (1975) compared solar wind
velocity data obtained at 0.7 AU with Pioneer 9 and at 1 AU
with OGO 5 (experiment E-17). There was no significant change
seen in the average velocity; but the velocity fluctuations seemed
somewhat smaller a t 1 AU, suggesting that some equilibrium
had been reached between low-speed and high-speed streams in
the solar wind.
5.2.12 Shock Waves in the Solar Wind (E-17)
Successions of sharp discontinuities observed occasionally in
the magnetic field intensity of the interplanetary medium (and
seen also in the amplitudes of various solar wind plasma
parameters) have been interpreted as evidence of shock systems
in the solar wind (Colburn and Sonett, 1966). Theoretical
explanations fall into two groups. One group explains the
shocks by the movement of a fast solar wind stream into a
slower one. The second one explains shocks by changes in
solar wind velocity (or density) produced by flares. Unti et al
(1973) conducted a detailed investigation of the shock system of
February 2, 1969, using data from experiment E-17. Unti et al
concluded that a solar flare was the most likely cause of this
particular shock system. The study of Unti et al was extended
by Dryer et al (1975) by including the Pioneer 9 observations
of the same shock ensemble. It was found that the major
kitures of the shock system ( f o r w z r d shock, !ingen!.izl
discontinuities, piston and reverse shocks) were retained during
the 0.13 AU transit of the shock ensemble from Pioneer 9 to
OGO 5. Dryer et al concluded that the shock ensemble of
February 2, 1969, had been produced by a two-stream interaction.
The two conflicting conclusions concerning the shock system of
February 2, 1969, show that the genesis of shock ensembles is
still poorly understood.
5.3 Energetic Particle and Photon Measurements
An unusually comprehensive set of energetic particle and
energetic photon experiments was included in the OGO 5 mission.
Experiment E-06 was used primarily to conduct surveys of
energetic particles in the radiation belt, the magnetosphere, and
the magnetosheath; experiments E-04 and E-23 yielded extensive
observations of solar X-rays and of other energetic solar flare
radiations; and a total of 6 cxpcriments (E-05, -08, -09, -10,
-12, and -27) were used to provide cosmic-ray data in the
2-MeV to IO-EkV energy range and for atomic numbers ranging
from 2 to 50.
With the exception of experiment E-06, which also provided
supporting data for the substorm studies discussed under section
5.1.5, the data from the above energetic particle experiments
were used to investigate problems quite different from those
presented under sections 5.1 and 5.2. Experiment E-13, not
mentioned in the previous paragraph, belongs also under the
5.3 heading. Experiment E-13, however, was conducted almost
exclusively in conjunction with experiment E-14 and the results
from experiment E-13 can be found under section 5.1.6, 5.1.7,
5.1.8, and 5.1.9.6
I 11-7
OVERVIEW
5.3.1 Radiation Belt Studies (E-06)
The most complete study to date (West and Buck, 1976b
and 1 9 7 6 ~ )of the inner belt electron distribution and dynamics
was conducted with the OGO 5 magnetic electron spectrometer
(Experiment E-06). This study, based upon data from 1968,
showed that only a small residual (at energies greater than I
MeV) remained in the heart of the inner belt from the Starfish
high-altitude nuclear detonation of July 9, 1962 (West and
Buck, 1976~). The results for energies less than I MeV were
therefore indicative of the normal inner belt. Storm-time injection
and subsequent decay were investigated by West and Buck
(1976b) for the mild storm of J u n e 11, 1968, and for the more
intense storms of October 31 and November I , 1968. The data
from experiment E-06 were used by Teague and Stassinopoulos
(1972) to confirm their model of the Starfish flux decay in the
inner radiation zone. A partial study was also carried out
using E-06 data covering the electron pitch-angle distribution
and dynamics in the slot and outer belt regions (Lyons et al,
1972).
5.3.2 Outer Magnetosphere Studies (E-06)
The data from experiment E-06 were used to conduct a
complete survey of electron pitch-angle distributions in the
equatorial regions of the outer magnetosphere (West et al,
1973a). It was shown that the normal loss-cone distribution
prevails in much of the magnetosphere on the dayside of the
Earth. Pitch-angle distributions with minimums at 90 deg
(called butterfly distributions) were observed in the early
afternoon near the magnetopause and on the nightside at
distances beyond 5.5 R,. West et al (1973) explained the
butterfly distribution by a mechanism that they called “magneto-
pause shadowing,” according to which the equatorially mirroring
particles drift eastward from the nightside to the dayside until
they encounter the magnetopause, a t which point field
discontinuities cause the particles to leave the trapping region.
This mechanism is quite different from the well known loss
process due to drift shell splitting resulting from magnetic field
configuration, and which occurs well within the magnetosphere.
5.3.3 Magnetosheath Protons (E&)
The first comprehensive study of energetic protons in the
magnetosheath was conducted by West and Buck (1976a) using
data from experiment E-06. These magnetosheath protons were
found to be directional with the peak flux directed downstream.
The proton fluxes showed a fairly good correlation with K, ,
and the proton spectra were often quite similar to those observed
in the nearby magnetosphere. These proton fluxes appear to be
generated within or near the magnetosheath.
5.3.4 Low-Energy Solar Flare Radiation (E-23)
Solar X-ray measurements in the 3- to 10-keV energy range
(Experiment E-23) have led to a number of papers aimed at
determining the relative importance of thermal (collision heating
of ambient gas) and non-thermal (bremsstrahlung) emission in
the generation of low-energy solar flare X-rays (Kahler et al,
1970; Kahler, 1973). The main conclusion reached was that
both mechanisms are probably present and that it is very
difficult to distinguish a thermal from a non-thermal event in
the low-energy X-ray range (Kahler and Kreplin, 1971). The
X-ray data from experiment E-23 also showed that numerous
small flares were occurring during periods when no flares or
subflares were reported from the routine monitoring of solar
activity (Kahler and Kreplin, 1970).
Perhaps the most significant study conducted with the data
from experiment E-23 was the correlation between type 111
bursts and the 4-keV X-ray emission (Kahler, 1972). This
study included a total of 151 type I l l events, a number which
exceeded the combined total of all previous investigations, The
highest X-ray correlation was found to occur with bursts observed
in the decimetric band and when bursts are more intense. It
was concluded that the energetic electrons, which produce both
phenomena, can (depending upon the relative effectiveness of
the electron acceleration mechanism in the chromosphere and of
the fractional electron escape in the corona) produce either
X-rays, type 111 bursts, or both.
5.3.5 Energetic Solar Flare Radiation (E-04, E-06)
A comprehensive study of the angular distribution of solar
protons and electrons over a wide rigidity range (300 kV to 300
MV) was conducted with experiment E-06 during the solar flare
of November 18, 1968 (Nielsen et al, 1975). These interplanetary
measurements of solar flare emissions a t I AU revealed unusually
large and long-lasting anisotropies for both electrons and protons.
These observations did not lead to a unique interpretation, but
they were consistent with a solar emission lasting over an
extended period, a weak scattering region between the Sun and
the Earth, and a strong scattering region beyond the Earth’s
orbit. Correlative ground-based measurements in both polar
regions made during the flare of November 18, 1968 (Nielsen
and Pomerantz, 1975) showed that the initial stage of a Polar
Cap Absorption event coincided with the strongly anisotropic
distribution observed beyond the magnetopause by Nielsen et al
(1975).
Solar flare X-ray data at energies greater than IO keV,
obtained with experiment E-04 during its two years of operation,
have provided new insights into the solar flare process. These
data supplement the X-ray measurements at energies below I O
keV made by experiment E-23 and discussed under section
5.3.4. Kane (1969) showed that the hard X-ray emission from
a large number of solar flares consisted of two components,
namely: ( I ) an impulsive non-thermal component which coincided
with the microwave emission and (2) a slower component of
thermal origin. The impulsive component was shown to
correlate well with EUV emission (Kane and Donnelly. 1971).
H alpha emission (Vorpahl and Zirin, 1970; Vorpahl, 1972).
and type 111 bursts (Kane, 1972). From a study of 129
impulsive X-ray bursts, Kane (1971) showed that the impulsive
X-ray spectrum was consistent with bremsstrahlung emission
from electrons with energies greater than IO keV and having a
spectrum of the form KE-6 where 1 < 6 c 4. Since values of
6 less than 1 were not observed, it was concluded that 6 = I
represented an upper limit on the hardness of the non-thermal
electron spectrum.
5.3.6 Cosmic-Ray Electrons and Positrons in the 2- to 9-MeV
Range (E-05)
Experiment E-05 on OGO 5 represented the first search for
cosmic-ray positrons in the region from 3 to 12 MeV, and it
incorporated the lowest energy threshold (2 MeV) used up to
that time for the detection of cosmic-ray electrons. Differential
energy spectra of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the 2-
to 9.5-MeV interval obtained with experiment E-05 have shown
that the positron-to-electron ratio totaled for this energy interval,
was only 1.8 percent. This was the lowest e + / e - ratio ever
measured in any energy interval, and it suggested that this
electron component of the cosmic-ray spectrum was of knock-on
or directly accelerated origin (Cline and Porreca, 1969).
5.3.7 Cosmic-Ray Electrons in the 10- to 200-MeV range (E-09)
The first investigation of cosmic-ray electrons in the IO- to
200-MeV energy range was conducted with the data from
experiment E-09 on OGO 5. This experiment produced data
continuously for three and one-half years from which a large
number of new and significant results were obtained. The
preliminary results from experiment E-09 were presented by Fan
et al (1969). A more comprehensive report based upon the
first year of data was published by L‘Heureux et al (1972).
Two papers published in 1975 (L‘Heureux and Meyer, 1975a
and 1975b) are based upon the full three and one-half years of

data. The above studies were aimed at measuring the primary
cosmic-ray spectrum with a minimum contribution from emissions
within the solar system. To achieve this objective, only data
obtained during quiet solar periods were used. It was
discovered, however, that this procedure yielded an “uncontamin-
ated” cosmic-ray spectrum only for energies greater than 30
MeV (L‘Heureux and Meyer, 1975b). The electron flux for
energies below 30 MeV exhibited frequent and large increases,
which were not correlated with solar activity, but which appeared
to originate from Jupiter’s magnetosphere. The implication is
that the interstellar flux of electrons with energies less than 30
MeV will not be known until it can be measured outside the
solar cavity. The data for electrons with energies greater than
30 MeV were used t o study the solar modulation of cosmic
rays during the period 1968-1971. This study revealed a hysteresis
effect following the June 9, 1969, Forbush decrease, suggesting
a sudden and lasting change in the rigidity dependence of solar
modulation (L‘Heureux and Meyer 1975a).
Solar emission of electrons in the I& to 2WMeV range
was first observed with the data from experiment E-09 (Datlowe
et al, 1969). This was followed by a detailed study of solar
electrons in the above energy range based upon data from 30
solar flares (Datlowe, 1971). It was found that electrons with
energies greater than IO MeV are a normal feature of major
solar particle events. The electron propagation is diffusive, but
not isotropic. The electron spectra fit a power law AE-’ with
2.5 < y < 3.8. Experiment E-09 was also used by L‘Heureux
(1974) to verify the existence of gamma-ray bursts, a phenomenon
first detected by instruments in the Vela satellite (Klebesadel et
al, 1973).
5.3.8 Cosmic-Ray Electrons in the 500-MeV to 10-BeV Range
(E-12)
The data from experiment E-12 have provided a continuous
monitoring of the cosmic-ray electron spectrum between 0.5 and
IO GeV from March 1968 until August 1971. These observations
have permitted detailed assessments of both the long-term
intensity variations ( I I-year cycle) and the short-term fluctuations
(Forbush decreases). The results have revealed a smaller rigidity
dependence for Forbush decreases than for the long-term
variation (Burger and Swanenburg, 1973b). A hysteresis effect,
similar to the one discussed under section 5.3.7 was also observed
by Burger and Swanenburg (1973a) in the long-term intensity
variation (caused by solar modulation). The cosmic-ray diffusion
coefficient, a parameter which plays an important role in the
modulation mechanism, was investigated extensively by the
scientific team responsible for experiment E-12. Most models
of the modulation mechanism are based upon a diffusion
coefficient which is a separable function of rigidity and of
heliocentric distance. Theoretical considerations and the data
from experiment E-1.2, however, led Burger and Swanenburg
(1971) to conclude that the diffusion coefficient is nonseparable.
Winkler and Bedijn (1976) then developed a model based upon
a nonseparable diffusion coefficient, which explained the observed
intensity variations not only for the electronic component, but
also for the proton and helium components. Although these
results lent strong support to the nonseparable model, Winkler
and Bedijn (1976) did not conclude that other models were
necessarily ruled out. Some questions still remain unresolved,
but the above efforts have undoubtedly led to a better
understanding of the solar modulation mechanism, which in
turn has resulted in an improved knowledge of the interstellar
cosmic-ray spectrum
5.3.9 Low-2 Cosmic-Ray Nuclei (E-10)
The data from experiment E-10 were used to measure the
spectra and charge composition of galactic cosmic radiation in
the energy range 5-800 MeV/nucleon and charge range I to 14.
These measurements revealed an overabundance of low-energy
carbon and oxygen nuclei and a carbon/oxygen ratio that were
not consistent with the usual assumption that cosmic rays pass
through the same average amount of interstellar gas (Teegarden
OVERVIEW
et al, 1969). These observations, however, lent support to the
hypothesis of a two-source model for the origin of galactic
cosmic rays. These two sources are presumed to be quite
different, both in their relative composition and in their degree
of remoteness from the solar cavity.
Data obtained with experiment E-IO during a series of three
solar flares during the period May 28-29, 1969, have yielded the
two largest ) H e / 4He ratios ever reported for a solar event.
A preliminary account of these observations was given by
Balasubrahmanyan m d Serlemitsos !1974). In a subsequent and
more detailed analysis of these solar events Serlemitsos and
Balasubrahmanyan (1975) also reported an unusually low
abundance of protons during the above solar events. These
3He and ‘ H observations have placed new limitations upon
theoretical models of 3He-rich” flares.
5.3.10 High-Z Imw-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei (E-27)
Data on cosmic-ray particles in the energy range 2- to
50-MeV/nucleon and charge range 5 5 Z 5 50 were acquired
with experiment E-27 during the entire operational life of OGO
5. Measurements made i n the Earth’s radiation belt (Mogro-
Camper0 and Simpson, 1970) led to the discovery of a very
pronounced flux enhancement in the C N O region (Z = 6, 7,
and 8). The observed C N O enhancement was charactdrized by
prominent peaks at Z = 6 and 8, which tended to overlap and
hide a smaller and less definite peak at 2 = 7. These observations
represent the first identification of carbon and oxygen nuclei in
the Earth’s radiation belt, as well as the first suggestion for the
presence of a significant quantity of nitrogen nuclei. The
measured oxygen-to-carbon abundance ratio indicated that these
nuclei were of extraterrestrial origin. A subsequent and more
detailed study by Mogro-Camper0 (1972) yielded the variation
of the C N O flux as a function of the magnetic parameter L
and showed that the results on C and 0 had placed a new
value for the observed high-energy limit of trapping.
Experiment E-27 was also used to investigate the relative
abundance of solar flare nuclei in the charge range 6 5 Z 5
26. By summing together the data from several flares,
Mogro-Camper0 and Simpson (l972a) found an overabundance
of solar accelerated nuclei relative to solar system abundances.
which tended to increase with increasing atomic number. This
initial study was followed by a more comprehensive investigation
in which Mogro-Camper0 and Simpson (1972b) compared the
results from six different flares. This comparison showed that
the abundance ratio of the iron group nuclei (Ti-Ni) to oxygen
nuclei (0) varied by as much as two orders of magnitude for
these six flares.
Similar heavy nuclei measurements were conducted with
experiment E-27 during quiet interplanetary periods. These
measurements showed that the energy spectra of C and 0
nuclei during quiet times behaved as the H and He spectra
during quiet times as low energies. This behavior, together
with results concerning relative abundances and flux variations,
indicated that these low-energy heavy nuclei were of galactic
origin (Mogro-Camper0 and Simpson, 1975).
5.3.11 Energetic Photons in Cosmic Rays (E-08)
Experiment E-08 represents the first application of the spark
chamber technique to satellite gamma-ray astronomy. This
experiment had an angular resolution of 3 deg, and it was
sensitive to photons of energy 25 to 100 MeV. The experiment,
however, produced only 3 months of useful data during which
gamma rays were detected 195 times. Hutchinson et al (1969)
analyzed the first 88 of these events, which were observed while
the gamma-ray telescope was pointed toward Cygnus. A
variation in intensity as a function of galactic latitude was
derived, which showed a maximum in the direction of the
galactic plane.
111-9
OVERVIER
5.4 Radio Physics
Experiment E-20 was the only Radio Physics experiment
included in the OGO 5 mission. This experiment was used to
conduct extensive investigations of type I l l solar bursts at
frequencies between 3.5 MHz and 50 kHz. Significant progress
was achieved in the theoretical understanding of type I l l solar
bursts and i n the empirical modeling of the electron density
distribution between the Sun and the Earth.
5.4.1 Production of Type 111 Solar Bursts (E-20)
The data from experiment E-20 were used to resolve a
major difficulty in the electron-stream hypothesis for the
generation of type I l l radio bursts. The basis for the theory is
the fact that solar electron events, exhibiting electron energies
greater than 40 keV, are always accompanied by type I l l
bursts. The theory, however, did not explain why so many
type I l l bursts were observed without corresponding solar electron
events. Alvarez and Haddock (1972) explained this apparent
contradiction by assuming that the exciter electrons traveled
along the Archimedean spirals of the interplanetary magnetic
field. This assumed propagation mechanism would cause the
exciter electrons to reach the Earth only when they originate
from flares on the western half of the solar disk. The results
from experiment E-20 were shown to be completely consistent
with this explanation.
Further support for this explanation was provided by Alvarez
et al (1973). who showed that the frequency spectrum of type
I l l bursts exhibited increasingly lower frequencies as the solar
flare longitude became increasingly westward. This result was
again consistent with the proposed spiral paths for the exciter
electrons.
5.4.2 Arrival Time\ and Deca? of Type 111 Solar Bursts (E-20)
The type 111 burst spectra observed with experiment E-20
were used also to determine the velocity of the exciter particles
and the burst decay rates. By showing that the type I l l
spectra below I MHz were due primarily to second harmonic
emission, Haddock and Alvarez (1973) were able to measure
burst arrival times with improved accuracy. Their measure-
ments showed that the exciter particles (in 32 cases) traveled at
very nearly one-third the velocity of light. Alvarez and Haddock
(1973b) showed that the decay times of bursts increased with
decreasing frequency a t a rate considerably slower than predicted
by electron-proton Coulomb collisions. At 50 kHz measured
and predicted values differed by about a factor of 100. A new
theory was not proposed, but it was shown that existing theories
were inadequate.
5.4.3 Solar Wind Density Model (E-20)
Alvarez and Haddock (1973a) used the data from experiment
E-20 to derive a model of the electron density distribution of
the solar wind to 1 AU, which was consistent with optically
determined values near the Sun and with direct measurements
near the Earth. This experimental model, in effect, filled the
gap in observational data in the region from 20 to 200 solar
radii.
5.5. Optical Experiments
The two optical experiments (E-21 and E-22) included in
the OGO 5 mission were based upon different principles, and
they were operated by different investigators. Their objectives,
however, were very similar. Both experiments measured the
intensity of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha airglow (1216- A ) and
used these measurements to derive information concerning
neutral hydrogen densities in the Earth's magnetosphere and
beyond. Experiment E-21 could also measure the atomic oxygen
emission at 1304 A, and experiment E-22 could measure the
width of the 1216-A line from which hydrogen temperature
111-10
could be inferred. These additional capabilities were useful
only for the first month of operation, and consequently the two
optical experiments were used primarily to investigate the 1216-A
airglow intensity.
This apparent duplication of effort turned out to be extremely
beneficial. I t not only enhanced the motivation of the two
scientific groups involved to analyze and publish their results
promptly, but it also led to one of the most spectacular
scientific and technological accomplishments of the entire OGO
program. The two scientific teams were able (through their
joint efforts) to convince the NASA management that unique
and valuable information could be obtained by placing the
OGO 5 spacecraft temporarily in a spinning mode. This was
done not only once, but on six different occasions. One
cannot help wondering whether these very difficult and risky
spacecraft maneuvers would have been attempted based upon
data from only one optical experiment. Since the results and
implications of the measurements in the spinning mode turned
out to be quite startling (see section 5.5.2). it was fortunate
indeed that the findings were completely corroborated by two
independent experiments.
5.5.1 The Inner Geocorona (E-21, E-22)
The major objective of the optical experiments on OGO 5
was to investigate the geocorona, which is the outermost atomic
hydrogen a t m o s p h e r e of the E a r t h , a region extending
approximately from 2 to 15 Ri.. The optical experiments
measured the 1216-A airglow produced by solar Lyman-alpha
scattering in the geocorona. The hydrogen density is derived
from the airglow data. At altitudes greater than 6 R E the
celestial background radiation introduced large uncertainties in
the 1216-A measurements, a situation which led to the somewhat
arbitrary distinction between the inner geocorona (distances less
than 6 RF) and the outer geocorona (beyond 6 R E ) . Experiments
E-21 (Thomas, 1970) and E-22 (Bertaux and Blamont, 1970)
yielded a number of Lyman-alpha airglow profiles and pointed
out the need for a mapping of the celestial background radiation
at 1216 A.
5.5.2 Celestial Background Radiation a t 1216 A (E-21, E-22)
To permit a mapping of the celestial background at 1216
A, the OGO 5 spacecraft was placed in a spinning mode (see
introduction to section 5.5) during the periods September 12-14,
1969, December 15-17, 1969, and April 1-3, 1970. The data
from experiment E-21 (Thomas and Krassa, 1971) and E-22
(Bertaux a n d Blamont, 1971) led to the discovery of a
prominent source of Lyman-alpha radiation located at a distance
of 3 AU at the intersection of the ecliptic and galactic planes
along the projection of the solar apex.* The presence of this
Lyman-alpha source at 3 AU suggested that it was due to an
interstellar wind of neutral hydrogen penetrating deeply into the
heliosphere until it was ionized by charge exchange and extreme
ultraviolet radiation. The p a r a m e t e r s of this postulated
interstellar wind were calculated by Bertaux et al (1971). A
confirmation of the celestial background measurements was
provided by three additional spin-up operations on September 4,
1970; March 18, 1971; and May 23, 1971 (Thomas and Krassa,
1974). The broad survey of the background radiation during
the spin-up operations w a s supplemented by continuous
monitoring (over a 3-year period) of the limited celestial region
which could be studied with the stabilized spacecraft. The
continuous monitoring revealed two variations on the background
emission, one due to solar activity and the other due to the
Earth's orbital motion causing an annual variation in the distance
from the Earth to the source (Thomas and Bohlin, 1972).
5.5.3 T h e Outer Geocorona (E-21. E-22)
The detailed mapping of the .celestial background and the
monitoring of its variations made it possible for the first time
The solar apex 8s the p a n t in the Celesllal sphere toward which the Sun appears
to be moving

to measure accurately the outer geocorona airglow at 1216 A
and to deduce the hydrogen density distribution hetween 5 and
16 R I (Bertaux and Blamont, 1973). These measurements led
also to the discovery of the “geotail,” an anti-solar enhancement
i n the density of the hydrogen geocorona, reminiscent of a
cometary tail (Thomas and Bohlin, 1972; Bertaux and Blamont,
1973).
5.5.4 Observations of Comet Bennett (E-21, E-22)
On five separate occasions during March 1970, the OGO 5
saleilite passed through the Lyman-alpha coma of Comet Bennett.
Data from experiments E-21 and E-22 showed that the comet
(including its tail) was surrounded by a huge cloud of hydrogen
having a diameter of approximately 13 million kilometers
(Bertaud, 1970). From the curvature of the extended hydrogen
tail, it was estimated that the mean flux of the inner blue
wing* of the solar Lyman-alpha radiation had a value of about
S-I A-l (Keller and Thomas, 1973).
9.5 x IO” photons
6 . OGO 6 Results
The OGO 6 spacecraft was the last stage of a continuous
evolution, during which each OGO mission made significant
contributions to the design of the next mission. Thus, the
wideband transmitter that failed on OGO 5 was redesigned for
OGO 6. Other changes made on OGO 6 included improvements
in the design of the 9.15-meter (3041) antennas and i n the
design of the VLF electric-field experiment antenna. Also, as a
natural desire to optimize the use of the expensive OGO
spacecraft, the weight, power, data output, and c o m m a n d
requirements increased steadily during the OGO program. The
weight of experiments increased from 86 kg (190 Ib) on OGO 1
to 168 kg (370 Ib) on OGO 6. Experiment power rose from
60 to 230 W, and redesigns of the OGO 6 spacecraft increased
the number of experiment commands by 60 percent over the
original design.
Yet, although the OGO 6 mission represents the culmination
of the O G O spacecraft technology, this mission was also
somewhat of an anticlimax. The entire OGO program came to
an abrupt termination less than 30 months after the launch of
OGO 6 (see Figure 111-5 of the OGO Program Summary). The
operational life of the relatively well-behaved OGO 6 spacecraft
was only 24 months compared to 63 months for the crippled
OGO I . A large number of OGO 6 experiments failed to yield
published results for a number of reasons; one reason being
undoubtedly the general loss of interest in the OGO program
after 1971. Seeking a more promising research environment, a
number of OGO experimenters transferred to other projects and
agencies; and, because of new responsibilities, their OGO efforts
had to be interrupted.
Reorientation in NASA priorities after 1971 was undoubtedly
a factor in the almost complete lack of scientific results based
upon experiments F-15 (Evans) and F-16 (Farley). The absence
of scientific publications based upon experiments F-08 (Kreplin),
F-09 (Bedo), F-IO (Regener), and F - l l (Blamont) is due partly
to the decreasing NASA support and partly to severe degradation,
which these four experiments suffered shortly after launch.
Several OGO 6 experiments (F-02, Nagy; F-03, Hanson; F-05,
Taylor; a n d F-23, Aggson) were severely affected by the
solar-array failure that developed on the OGO 6 spacecraft.
This gave the vehicle a negative potential of more than 20 V
when the solar paddles were exposed to sunlight. Experiments
F-02, F-03, F-05, and F-23 were nevertheless quite successful
because of their excellent nighttime performances. The failure
of experiment F-06 (Hanson), which occurred at the time of
initial turn-on, was not related to any of the above-mentioned
factors. Experiment F-07 (McKeown) failed to achieve its
scientific objectives because of severe surface contamination;
The solar Lyman-alpha profile (flux versus wavelength) resembles the wings of a
butterfly. The blue wing corresponds to A < 1215.664 A.
known as the red wing.
OVERVIEW
some engineering data were obtained, however, concerning this
con!a-ination and the feasibility of the new measuring techniques
used i n experiment F-07. Experiment F-24 (Helliwell) failed to
achieve one of its major objectives,(measurementsof electric field to
magnetic field ratio) because of the loss of the magnetic field
data shortly after launch. Thus, eight experiments on OGO 6
(F-06, F-07, F-08, F-09, F-10, F-11, F-15, and F-16) failed to
yield significant scientific results, and five additional experiments
(F-02, F-03, F-05, F-23, and F-24) were partially disabled. It
should be noted, however, that the latter five experiments were
used to conduct a large number of very significant investiga-
tions.
I n spite of the above mentioned deficiencies, the OGO 6
mission was quite successful, resulting by July 1977 in about
130 publications in refereed journals. The OGO 6 mission was
certainly outstanding in many respects; and were it not for the
fact that it was overshadowed by the extraordinary success of
the OGO 5 mission, the OGO 6 mission would certainly have
been an appropriate climax for the OGO program.
The scientific results from OGO 6 have been summarized
following the same organization as was used for the overview
of the OGO I. 2, 3, 4, and 5 missions. T h e O G O 6
accomplishments were, therefore, grouped according to the
following disciplines: Magnetic and Electric Fields, Low-Energy
Plasmas, Energetic Particles, Radio Physics, Optical Experiments,
and Neutral-Atmospheric Measurements.
6.1 Magnetic Fields and Electric Fields
6.1.1 Magnetic Field Measurements
Some results from the OGO 6 magnetic field measurements
have already been presented under the OGO 4 overview. For
example, the data from experiment F-21 on OGO 6 were
combined with data from experiment D-06 on OGO 4 to
investigate crustal anomalies (section 4.1.3) and the equatorial
electrojet (section 4.1.4). Conversely, some of the results given
under 6.1 are based partly upon OGO 2 and 4 data. The
polar orbiting OGO 2, 4, and 6 satellites were known as the
POGO series.
6.1.1.1 Geomagnetic Field Models (C-06, D-06, F-21)
Data from experiment F-21 on OGO 6 were used to continue
the World Magnetic Survey discussed under section 4.1.1. The
POGO (8/71) model of the terrestrial magnetic field was
developed by adding the OGO 6 data for the period June 1969
to March 1970 to the POGO (8/69) data base. The POGO
(8/71) model used 12,773 OGO 2 points (experiment C-06),
18,431 OGO 4 points (experiment D-06).and 20,019 OGO 6
points (experiment F-21) selected from especially quiet days
(Langel, 1974a). The POGO (8/71) model was used extensively
to investigate disturbances AB in the total field magnitude, A B
being defined as the measured field minus the model field.
6.1.1.2 High-Latitude AB (C-06, D-06, F-21)
The data from experiments C-06. D-06 and F-21 were used to
measure the high-latitude AB in the 400- to 1510-km altitude
range (Langel, 1974a). These near-Earth measurements showed
that AB was positive on the dawnside from near 2200 to near
IO00 MLT (magnetic local time*) and negative on the duskside
from near IO00 to 2200 MLT. This basic pattern was found
present for all seasons and for all levels of magnetic disturbances.
Langel (1974b) derived equivalent ionospheric currents that could
cause the negative AB region and called these HLS (high-latitude
sunlit). The HLS currents are latitudinally broad as opposed
to jet-type currents. Since the positive AB region could not be
explained by ionospheric currents only, it was concluded that
the positive A B region was due to at least two sources, the
The other wing is For a definition of coordinate systems. sce J . H. King, “Handbook of Correlative
Data.” NSSDC 71-05. Fcb. 1971, p. 170175 and rcfercnces therein.
111-1 1
OVERVIEW
westward electrojet and an unidentified non-ionospheric source.
The maximum positive and negative AB values (Bp and Bn,
respectively) were investigated with respect to various parameters
of the interplanetary magnetic field (Langel, 1975). The best
correlation (0.79) was shown by Bp versus 2 Bz/T, for times
when Bz was negative and for T = 120 min. The summation
represents the integrated effect of southward Bz over a time
interval T preceding the measurement of Bp. Langel (1975)
also c o m p a r e d AB with DP2 fluctuations (polar magnetic
disturbance corresponding to twin vortex currents) and concluded
that the two phenomena were not correlated. Langel (1974~)
showed that the area above the Earth’s surface covered by the
positive AB region was the largest in summer and when the
interplanetary magnetic field was directed toward the Sun. This
result indicated that the variable portion of the positive AB
region was due to variations in latitudinally narrow electrojet
currents and not due to variations in the non-ionospheric source
of AB.
6.1.1.3 Low-Latitude AB (C-06, D-W, F-21)
Using the same data base as was used for the studies
discussed under sections6.1.1.1 and 6.1.1.2,Cain and Davis (1973)
investigated the geomagnetic field at low latitudes to determine
the effect of external fluctuations during quiet times. This
study served two purposes: first, it improved the magnetic field
model; and second, it led to more accurate measurements and
identification of the external fluctuations.
6.1.1.4 Global Anomaly Map (C-06, D-06, F-21)
The data reduction procedures used to show that crustal
anomalies could be detected in the POGO data (see section
4.1.3) were applied to the entire set of POGO magnetic
measurements, resulting in a detailed global magnetic anomaly
map. Although more work was needed to fully interpret the
map and to determine the cause of the anomalies, many of the
anomalies appeared to be of geological origin with a source in
the lithospheric region of the Earth (Regan et al, 1973).
6.1.1.5 Investigation of Proton Whistlers (F-22)
The VLF studies conducted with the first five OGO satellites
were concerned with VLF phenomena (whistlers) in which the
wave propagation characteristics are determined primarily by the
electron density along the propagation paths. The electron
whistler is by far the most common and it is the only kind of
whistler seen on the ground. At the OGO 6 satellite altitudes,
an electron whistler can be converted into a proton whistler,
i t . , a wave that interacts primarily with positively charged
particles (in this case protons). Theoretically, this conversion
depends upon n, the angle between the magnetic field and the
direction of propagation. Since different theories led to different
values of 0, it became necessary to measure t). The measurement
of 0 was first accomplished using data from experiment F-22
(Chan et al, 1972). The results were in good agreement with
Wang’s (197 1) collisionless mode-coupling model.
6.1.1.6 Investigation of ELF Chorus (F-22, F-16)
New insights concerning the propagation of E L F chorus
were gained from a correlated study of ELF chorus data from
experiment F-22 and electron precipitation data from experiment
F-16. Chorus signals were typically accompanied by electron
precipitation, but chorus peaks and precipitation peaks did not
coincide. These observations were consistent with the following
model. The chorus signals originate near the geomagnetic
equator (see section 5.1.9.6) as a result of plasma instability
(Kennel and Petschek. 1966). The generation mechanism leads
to electron precipitation along the field lines on which the
chorus originated. The observed chorus signals travel initially
on ducts centered on the same field line. At altitudes ranging
from 0.2 to I R,., the duct ends and the chorus signals
111-12
diverge from the field line. The correlation between chorus
and precipitation peaks is, therefore, only approximate at the
OGO 6 satellite altitude (Holzer et al, 1974).
6.1.1.7 Investigation of ELF Hiss (F-22)
A study (using data from experiment F-22) of E L F hiss
amplitude during geomagnetic storms (Smith et al, 1974) showed
that hiss exhibits a pronounced intensification during the recovery
phase of geomagnetic storms as the plasmasphere expands into
the intensified belt of the outer zone electrons. This behavior
is as expected from the theory of hiss generation, which states
that hiss occurs when energetic electrons encounter an abrupt
increase in ambient (cold) plasma density. The hiss variations
observed during magnetic storms are also consistent with the
experimental results given under section 5.1.9.5; namely, that
hiss is proportional to ln(N/No) where N is the ambient
electron density and N o is the density below which hiss will
not occur.
The data from experiment F-22 were also used by Thorne
et al (1977) to extend the above study by Smith et al (1974).
Thorne et al investigated the local time variation of E L F
emissions during periods of substorm activity and concluded
that ELF emission enhancements are controlled by substorm
activity.
A comprehensive study of hiss in the inner zone for L < 2
was conducted for the first time using data from experiment
F-22 (Tsurutani et al, 1975). This study showed that inner
zone hiss occurs almost exclusively during the recovery phase of
magnetic storms and substorms. I t was also found that the
inner zone hiss is primarily a daytime phenomenon and that its
intensity is related to the magnitude of the geomagnetic activity.
These features suggest that the inner zone hiss originates near
the plasmapause as plasmaspheric hiss, which then propagates
to the inner zone. This mechanism can occur during magnetic
storms because the plasmasphere is displaced inward, causing
the plasmaspheric hiss to be generated at lower L values with a
corresponding reduction in the propagation distance to the inner
zone. Theoretical calculations (Tsurutani et al, 1975) indicated
that the observed inner zone hiss could cause a significant loss
of relativistic electrons from the inner zone.
The data from experiment F-22 also revealed extensive hiss
activity at high latitudes, well outside the plasmasphere. This
w a s a s o m e w h a t surprising result in view of the usual
plasmaspheric confinement of hiss signals. A study of these
observations by Kelley et al (1975) led to the conclusion that
the high-latitude hiss was plasmaspheric hiss, which propagated
downward along field lines and leaked out of the plasmasphere
into the high-latitude lower ionosphere.
6.1.2 Electric Field Measurements (F-23)
Theoretical considerations (e.g., Axford and Hines, 1961)
predict that circulatory plasma motions produced by the solar
wind in the distant magnetosphere should be transferred via the
magnetic field lines down to the polar ionosphere. This
ionospheric convection would be accompanied by strong electric
fields at all altitudes in the polar ionosphere and, as a result of
differential ion-electron drag, would cause the polar electrojet at
an altitude of about 100 km.
A completely different mechanism is involved in the
production of the equatorial electrojet and of its associated
electric field. The basic driving forces are gravitational (solar
and lunar tides) and solar-heating effects that produce air
motions in the upper atmosphere. I n the E region, where
electrical conductivity is appreciable, the motion across the
geomagnetic field induces electric fields that eventually cause the
electrojet. The electric fields associated with the equatorial
electrojet are, therefore, primarily in the E region.
The most comprehensive measurements of electric fields in
the ionosphere were conducted with experiment F-23 on OGO 6
(double probe floating potential technique). The resolution of
the measurements was limited by the accuracy with which the
spacecraft orientation was known because this orientation had

to be known in order to calculate the required VxB correction*.
The dc fields in the equatorial and rnid!a!itude regions could
not be measured at OGO 6 altitudes because their amplitudes
were comparable to the VxB correction. Excellent data were
obtained, however, in the polar regions where strong electric
fields are present at all ionospheric altitudes.
6.1.2.1 High-Latitude Electric Fields (F-23)
Based upon the data from experiment F-23 (Heppner, 1972a),
it appears that strong convective electric fields are always present
over a broad expanse of polar latitudes at ionospheric altitudes.
The convection exhibits a basic pattern, featuring antisolar flow
in the central polar cap region and an east-west return flow in
the adjacent evening and morning auroral regions. The
corresponding electric field is oriented from dawn to dusk in
the polar cap, equatorward in the morning auroral region, and
polarward in the afternoon auroral belt. The dawn-dusk potential
drop across the polar cap was found to be typically between 40
and 70 k V and it appeared to be equal to the total dawn-dusk
potential drop across the auroral belt.
Heppner (1972b) showed that the dawn-dusk electric field
distribution exhibited a number of typical patterns or signatures.
Well-defined signatures were found to correlate strongly with
the azimuthal angle of the interplanetary magnetic field. This
correlation consititutes the best available proof that the solar
wind is indeed the primary driving force producing the polar
electric fields.
The convection flow in the auroral belt exhibits a sharp
east-west separation along a boundary known as the Harang
discontinuity. The Harang discontinuity was studied extensively,
using the data from experiment F-23 (Maynard, 1974). This
study showed that the discontinuity extends typically from 2300
MLT at 60-deg invariant latitude to 2150 MLT at 70-deg
invariant latitude. It was also found that the discontinuity
moved southward, steepening its latitudinal profile as magnetic
activity increased. A well-defined boundary was not seen near
noon where the auroral belt convection flow returns to the
polar cap (Heppner, 1973). Data in this region are characterized
by a multiplicity of field reversals and large irregularities in the
dawn-dusk components.
6.1.2.2 High-Latitude Electric Field Model (F-23)
An important conclusion reached from the analysis of the
data from experiment F-23 was that existing models of the
high-latitude magnetospheric electric field were not in agreement
with observations. This lack of representative models provided
the motivation for generating empirical models based primarily
upon the OGO 6 data. The results from this modeling effort
(Heppner, 1977) include quantitative models of typical high-
latitude dawn-dusk electric field profiles and typical model
convection patterns to show boundary locations at other magnetic
local times.
6.1.2.3 Variational (ELF) Electric Fields (F-23)
Experiment F-23 was designed to measure electric fields
from dc up to 4 kHz in seven frequency bands. The dc
measurements were discussed earlier in sections 6.1.2. I and
6.1.2.2. Electric fields measured at frequencies above 500 kHz
corresponded to well-known electromagnetic phenomena such as
whistlers, hiss, and chorus. Electric fields measured at frequencies
below 64 Hz were in most cases due to electrostatic waves.
Theamplitudes of these ELF fields were found to be large, not
only in polar regions (where strong dc fields were observed),
but also in the equatorial regions (where dc fields were too
weak to be observed). It was shown that the electric fields due
to electrostatic waves could be grouped in three different classes,
Experiment F-23 monitored the potential differcncc 0 between two collinear 4.S-mCter
anlcnnas. The quantity @ was rclatcd to the ckctric field E by the formula: 0 =
(E + VxB).dwhcrc V was the ratcllitc velocity. 6 was the gcomagnctic f i l d . and
d was the vector distance between the antenna midpoints. Consequently, the VxB
term had to be known in order to calculate E from the measurements of 0.
OVERVIEW
based upon their spectral characteristics: type A - strong
hignais with a i j f spectrum, type B - weak signals with a flat
spectrum, and type C - weak signals with a rising spectrum.
Comparisons with ground-based ionosonde data showed that the
low-latitude type A signals were correlated with low-latitude
spread F. Type A signals were also correlated with the
fluctuations in electron densities measured by experiment F-03
on OGO 6 (Holtet et al, 1977).
6.2 Low-Energy Plasma Experiments
Useful data were acquired throughout the OGO 6 mission
by three low-energy plasma experiments: the Langmuir probes
(F-02). the retarding potential analyzer (F-03). and the ion mass
spectrometer (F-05). Experiments F-02 and the ion analysis
mode of experiment F-03, however, became restricted almost
exclusively to nighttime observations after the OGO 6 spacecraft
potential problem developed 2 weeks after launch. Experiment
F-05 was basically a continuation of experiment D-05 on OGO
4. The two experiments (D-05 and F-05) have provided
essentially a continuous data base for the period July 1967 to
June 1971, and in many cases the scientific results obtained
were based upon data from both experiments. A number of
results based uponboth D-OS and F-05 were given in sections
4.2.1 and 4.2.2. of the OGO 4 Overview. These results are not
repeated here.
6.2.1 S o l a r Geomagnetic Control of the Ionosphere (F-05)
Preliminary studies with experiment D-05 on OGO 4
revealed strong longitudinal variations in the pole-to-pole profiles
of ion composition obtained as the Earth rotates beneath the
relatively fixed satellite orbit. Taylor (l972a) used data from
experiment F-05 to investigate the longitudinal effects and found
that the average longitudinal variation was closely related to the
angle in the noon local time plane between the Earth-Sun line
and the magnetic dipole equator. Taylor (1972a) then showed
that the proper investigation of seasonal, diurnal, and annual
variations requires that the data be ordered in terms of the solar-geo-
magnetic geometry. Taylor (l972a) concluded that this selective
approach to data analysis was required for the development of
realistic models of ion composition distribution.
6.2.2 The High-Latitude Light-Ion Trough (F-05)
Taylor (!072!?) applied the data-sdection approach discussed
in section 6.2.1 to the study of the high-latitude, light-ion
trough (see sections 2.2.2 and 4.2.2). The improved data
analysis technique led to the first clear identification of diurnal
variations and magnetic storm effects. It was found that the
steepness of the trough is much greater at night than during
the day. In response to magnetic storms, the light-ion trough
minimum moves equatorward and deepens. Taylor and Cordier
(1974) showed that the light-ion trough is smooth and well
defined during quiet magnetic conditions. Considerable structure
is exhibited, however, during and following magnetic storm
periods. The location and properties of these irregularities were
found to be consistent with the concept of plasmasphere
distortions in the form of "plasmatails" (see section 4.2.3).
These results showed that the light-ion trough is indeed a
fundamental parameter for studies of the formation and
maintenance of the plasmasphere.
6.2.3 High-Latitude Minor-Ion Enhancements (F-05)
Perhaps the most surprising result from experiment F-05
was the discovery of abrupt and pronounced enhancements of
the thermal molecular ions NO', 0 2 ' . and N2+ at mid- and
high latitudes (Taylor, 1974). Normally, trace constituents with
densities less than 2 ions/cm3 (for L > 4 and altitudes > 600
km), these minor ions, following magnetic storms, can reach
concentration levels exceeding IO ionsjcm3 at altitudes as
great as loo0 km. These enhancements are highly localized in
time and space. Taylor et al (1975) have shown that the
minor-ion enhancements are accompanied by a significant
111-13
0 V E RVI E W
depletion in the concentration of atomic ions H - , 0 ' . N * , and
He+. This depletion, which can be by a factor of 3 or more,
has been called by Taylor et al (1975) the high-latitude ion
trough. The high-latitude ion trough is distinct and at a higher
latitude than the light-ion trough. Grebowsky et al (1976)
showed that the high-latitude trough was usually near or on the
polar cap boundary as defined by experiments F-17 and F-23.
This showed clearly that the high-latitude trough was not
associated with the plasmapause. Grebowsky et al (1976)
concluded that the high-latitude trough had to be related to
magnetospheric processes occurring at the polar cap boundary,
such as the precipitation of soft electrons or the reversal of the
dc convection field.
6.2.4 Discovery of Fe' Ions in the Upper F-Region (F-03)
Experiment F-03 led to the discovery of heavy ions in the
equatorial ionosphere a t heights well above the F2 peak (Hanson
and Sanatani, 1970). These ions with mass of about 56 amu
were tentatively identified as iron ions. Further investigations
by Hanson et al (1972) corroborated the Fe+ identification,
both experimentally and theoretically. Although this somewhat
startling conclusion was initially met with some skepticism, the
F e + hypothesis has now been fully confirmed by recent
measurements on Explorer satellites (Brinton,l976).
Hanson and Sanatani (1971) showed that there is a high
correlation between the presence of equatorial spread F and
F e i ions. Iron ions, however, were sometimes observed without
corresponding spread F. It was concluded that Fe' was a
"nearly" necessary condition for the formation of equatorial
irregularities. A mechanism based partly upon the presence of
Fe' ions was proposed by Hanson et al (1973b) to explain the
production of equatorial spread F.
6.2.5 Supercooled Plasma near the Magnetic Equator (F-03, F-02)
Using data from experiments F-03 and F-02, Hanson et al
(1973a) showed t h a t near the magnetic equator the ion
temperature often exhibits deep depressions at altitudes above
600 km. The measured temperatures, which are well below the
expected neutral gas temperatures, have been explained by Bailey
et al (1973) in terms of expansion cooling brought about by the
flow of plasma from the summer to the winter hemisphere.
6.2.6 Large Ion Depletions a t Magnetic Equator (F-03)
The data from experiment F-03 also revealed that near the
magnetic equator the F-region below the F2 peak is often
drastically depleted in ion concentration, with the ion density
decreasing by as much as 3 orders of magnitude in only a few
vertical kilometers. These ion depletions were found to be
associated with enhancements in heavier ions such as NO' and
Fe+ (Hanson and Sanatani, 1973).
6.2.7 Irregularities in the F-Region (F-03)
The duct mode data from experiment F-03 have provided a
spectacular view of the small-scale irregularities in the F-region.
These data made it possible to describe for the first time the
general nature of these irregularities, their m a n y different
characteristic forms, and their geographic distribution (McClure
and Hanson, 1973). The spectral characteristics of the F-region
irregularities were investigated by Dyson et al (1974) who found
that the irregularities were typically random with a power
distribution varying as ( l / q ) 2 where q = satellite velocity/
irregularity scale size. These observations have provided some
of the basic information required for a theoretical explanation
of ionospheric irregularities. For example, the frequency spread
2Af/f in the ionogram phenomenon of spread F was shown to
be proportional to the ion concentration fluctuation AN/N
measured at OGO 6 altitude with experiment F-03 (Wright et
al, 1977). The implication is that the frequency spreading is
caused by AN/N irregularities.
111-14
6.2.8 Midlatitude Red Arcs (F-02, F-03)
The data from experiments F-02 and F-03 were used to
show that the position of midlatitude red arcs coincides with a
peak in electron temperature and minimum in electron density.
These conditions, however, d o not necessarily result in a visible
red arc, because the red-line emission is an extremely nonlinear
function of electron temperature (Nagy et al, 1972; Nagy et al,
1974).
6.2.9 Accuracy of
Plasma Temperature Measurements (F-02,
F-03)
As mentioned under section 4.2.5 of the OGO 4 Results,
plasma temperature measurements have s o m e t i m e s yielded
conflicting results. This problem was investigated by comparing
temperature data from experiments F-02 and F-03 to similar
measurements made with the worldwide incoherent scatter
network. Electron temperatures from the OGO 6 experiments
were typically 15 percent greater than the radar data. Ion
temperatures, however, seemed to agree within 5 percent. It
was noted, however, that the comparisons were made during
nighttime hours at altitudes between 400 and 600 km, i.e.,
under conditions when suspected errors are minimum (McClure
et al, 1973).
6.3 Energetic Particle Measurements
Useful data were obtained for 14 months from three of the
four energetic particle experiments on OGO 6: F-17 (Trapped
and Precipitating Electrons, Williams), F-19 (Low-Energy Solar
Cosmic-Ray Measurements, Masley), and F-20 (Cosmic-Ray
Experiment, Stone). These experiments functioned normally
from launch until August 29, 1970, at which time a spacecraft
failure prevented the transmission of further useful data from
F-17, F-19, and F-20. The fourth experiment, F-18 (Neutron
Monitor, Lockwood) performed normally for 6 months until its
power supply failed.
6.3. I Solar-Flare Particles and Polar-Cap Absorption (F-19)
Greatly enhanced radio-wave absorption is observed in the
polar cap (see section 5.1.8) beginning a few hours after a solar
flare and lasting several days. This absorption is mostly due to
increases in D-region electron concentration produced by energetic
solar particles. These particles reach the D-region only over
the polar caps, because at other latitudes the particles are
deviated by the geomagnetic field. An instrument called a
riometer is used for routine absorption measurements at various
ground-based sites.
Baker et al (1974) used proton, alpha particle, and electron
data from experiment F-19 on OGO 6 to compute the expected
polar cap absorption of 30-MHz cosmic noise. These calculations
were performed for the solar particle events of June 7, September
25, and November 2, 1969, and compared with ground-based
riometer data. I t was found that electrons contributed most of
the absorption before the peak of the November 2, 1969, event.
In the other t w o events protons produced most of the
absorption. The alpha particle contribution was negligible in all
cases. Measured and calculated absorption were in excellent
agreement. These measurements were particularly significant,
because OGO 6 was essentially directly above the ground-based
riometer sites when the correlative data were obtained.
6.3.2 Solar Particle Entry and Propagation (F-19)
Using data from experiment F-19 for the period June 1969
to September 1970, Masley and Satterblom (1971) located the
first tail field line at low latitude on the noon side. This
location was monitored for 30 crossings during quiet geomagnetic
conditions. The average value of the invariant latitude was 76
deg for the northern hemisphere and 75 deg for the southern
hemisphere. The location of the first tail line was indicated by
a sharp increase in the intensity of the 27GkeV solar electrons.

6.3.3 Solar Proton/Alpha Ratio (F-19)
Satterblom and Masley (1971) derived the ratio of proton to
alpha particle intensities at 5 to 21 MeV for the nine largest
cosmic-ray events observed during the period June 1969 to
September 1970. The ratios (obtained from experiment F-19)
ranged from 25 to loo0 for these events.
I 6.3.4 Cosmic-Ray Abundances and Spectra (F-20)
I The data from experiment F-20 were used to make the first
comprehensive satellite measurement of the abundances and
spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei using the geomagnetic field as a
spectral analyzer (Brown et al, 1974). It was found that the
nuclei in the charge range 2 5 Z 5 10 have similar integral
rigidity spectra over the range of cutoff rigidities 2 to 15 GV,
approaching a power law with exponent -1.6 at rigidities greater
than 8 GV. Brown et al pointed out that their observations
were not consistent with many of the leading theoretical
treatments of cosmic-ray propagation. The data, however, could
be explained by assuming a rigidity-dependent confinement of
cosmic rays within the Galaxy.
6.3.5 Beryllium/Boron Ratio (F-20)
The cosmic-ray Be/B ratio depends upon the confinement
time of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. The isotope 1°Be provides
a natural clock since it decays with a half-life of 1.5 x 1 0 6
years. It has been shown theoretically (ODell et al, 1971) that
the Be/B ratio should be 0.42 0.06 if there is no decay of
loge, decreasing to 0.29 i 0.05 if there is complete decay. From
the analysis of data from experiment F-20, Brown et al (1974)
derived a ratio of 0.41 * 0.02. Although the measurements of
Brown et al represented an improvement over previous
measurements of this type, the results could only be used to
place an upper limit (of 10' years) upon the age of cosmic
rays. The determination of cosmic-ray age continues t o be a
very challenging problem i n experimental physics.
6.3.6 lsotows of H and He in Solar Cosmic Ravs (F-20)
Using data from experiment F-20 obtained during seven
flare events, Garrard et al (1973) derived the ratios 3He/ 4He
= 0.10 + 0.02, *H / IH 3 x 104, and -'H/lH. 1 x I O 4 'in the
4 to 5 MeV/nucleon energy range. This study extended earlier
results by making measurements at significantly lower energies
and by providing simultaneous 2H. 3H. and 3He data permitting
consistency tests. Furthermore, individual flare results were
compared with the average solar flare event abundances. The
recults indicated that additional refinements were necessary in
the calculations of the origin of -'He, 2H, and -'H in solar
flares.
6.3.7 Neutron Measurements (F-18)
Neutrons are produced in the Earth's atmosphere by the
interactions of energetic particles (galactic cosmic rays and solar
protons) with air nuclei. The fraction of these neutrons that
leak out of the atmosphere is referred t o as the Earth's neutron
albedo. Some of the near-Earth neutrons could be produced
by solar flare protons interacting with the solar atmosphere.
Theoretical calculations (Lingenfelter, 1963; Lingenfelter and
Flamm, 1964; Newkirk, 1963) have yielded estimates of the
neutron leakage flux versus neutron energy (at fixed latitudes)
and of the total neutron flux as a function of latitude.
The primary purposes of neutron measurements in space
with experiment F-18 have been t o determine the near-Earth
neutron flux originating in the terrestrial atmosphere and the
near-Earth neutron flux originating in the solar atmosphere.
These measurements showed that the total neutron leakage flux
versus latitude (Jenkins et al, 1970) was 0.7 times the intensity
predicted by Lingenfelter (1963) and Newkirk (1963). The
latitude dependence of the total neutron flux (Lockwood et al,
OVERVIEW
1973) was found to vary with galactic cosmic-ray modulation
during the period July to October 1969, in a manner consistent
with the predictions of Lingenfelter (1963). The neutron energy
spectrum in the I to 10 MeV range was measured by Jenkins
et al (1971) for both the polar regions and the equatorial
regions. The measured spectrum in the equatorial region agrees
with the spectral shape calculated by Newkirk (1963) for a
geomagnetic latitude of 57 dee. N. The measured polar spectrum
was found to be flatter (Le., with a greater fraction of
fast neutrons) than indicated by Newkirk's spectrum. The
data from experiment F-18 did not yield any indication of a
quiet time solar neutron flux, but some evidence was found for
a solar neutron flux during solar flares (Ifedili, 1974).
6.3.8 Field-Aligned Precipitations of > 30 keV Electrons (F-17)
The data from experiment F-17 on OGO 6 have provided
the first experimental evidence of field-aligned precipitation of
> 30 keV electrons (Williams and Trefall, 1976). A search
through about 2 months of data from experiment F-17 revealed
IO examples of such precipitation events. Preliminary indications
were that these events usually occurred poleward of the trapping
boundary for > 30-keV electrons and mainly in the late afternoon
to early morning sectors. A more complete survey of the 14
months of data available from experiment F-17 is in progress,
with a view to studying in detail the location of these events
and their relationship t o geomagnetic activity.
6.4 Radio Physics Experiments
Experiment F-25 (Whistler and Low-Frequency Electric Field
Study, Laaspere) has provided comprehensive data on whistlers
and other low-frequency phenomena over an extended range of
frequencies (20 Hz to loo0 kHz). Some useful results were also
obtained with experiment F-24 (VLF Noise and Propagation,
Helliwell) in spite of its very brief operational lifetime.
6.4.1 Auroral Hiss (F-25)
Auroral hiss, the most prominent emission in the auroral
zone, was investigated extensively by Laaspere et al (1971) using
data from experiment F-25. It was f ~ u x d!hat auraia! hiss is
truly a broadband phenomenon, extending from a few kHz t o
at least 540 kHz. Under geomagnetically quiet conditions the
center of the auroral hiss zone extends from about 70 deg
invariant at magnetic midnight, through 75 deg invariant latitude
at 060? and 1800 MLT to about 78 deg invariant latitude at
magnetic noon. The zone moves on the average about 5 deg
toward the equator under disturbed conditions.
6.4.2 Global Distribution of 200- and 540-kHz Signals (F-25)
The data from experiment F-25 revealed the following
worldwide distribution of 200- and 540-kHz signals: ( I ) naturally
generated hiss at polar latitudes; (2) nighttime midlatitude
enhancements; (3) signal peaks associated with individual ground
stations; (4) conjugate region signals of low-latitude, 200-kHz
stations; and (5) signal enhancements at the equator (Laaspere
and Semprebon, 1974).
6.4.3 Lower Hybrid Resonance (LHR) Noise (F-25)
One of the most intense phenomena observed with experiment
F-25 was the LHR noise seen below auroral latitudes in the
range from a few to about 20 kHz. The LHR emissions were
found to occur mostly at night in the invariant latitude range
from 45 deg to 65 deg (Laaspere et al, 1971). The observed
LHR phenomena were frequently associated with whistlers,
suggesting that the LHR hiss could derive its energy from
whistler waves (Laaspere and Johnson, 1973).
111-15
OVERVIEW
6.4.4 Miscellaneous ELF-VLF Phenomena (F-25)
Additional ELF-VLF phenomena observed with experiment
F-25 and investigated by Laaspere and Johnson (1973) include
triggered emissions, banded chorus, saucers, and the accidental
demodulation of radio-frequency signals. I t was found that
emissions in the ELF-VLF bands can be triggered by VLF
stations and by proton whistlers. Banded chorus, which is one
of the most common emissions at altitudes of a few Earth
radii, is relatively rare at OGO 6 altitudes. However, when
present, banded chorus can be the most intense emission
observed, Emissions with saucer-shaped, frequency-versus-time
characteristics were observed o n l y when the spacecraft altitude
was greater than 930 km, indicating that this is the approxim-
ate lower boundary of the region in which saucers originate.
The experiment F-25 receiver operating in the lowest frequency
band (20 Hz to I5 kHz) has also detected the audio modulation
of radio-frequency signals from the Voice of Australia and from
the Voice of America. Tentative explanations for the
demodulation mechanism include ( I ) plasma-sheath detection
and (2) overloading of the receiver input stage.
6.4.5 Polarization Measurements of Whistlers (F-24)
Experiment F-24 was designed to provide a substantially
greater amount of detailed information than had previously
been available from satellite-borne VLF receivers. The new and
more advanced design concepts incorporated i n experiment F-24
included the broadband measurements of wave polarization,
wave normal, and wav, impedance. Although the fully
operational life of experiment F-24 lasted less than 4 weeks, the
ieasibility of the more advanced measurements was thoroughly
demonstrated (Helliwell et al, 1973). A major achievement of
the F-24 experiment on OGO 6 was the experimentalverification of
the polarization of proton whistlers (Smith, 1970). As predicted
theoretically, the electron whistler was found to be right-hand
polarized and the proton whistler left-hand polarized.
6.5 Optical Experiments
The OGO 6 mission has provided extensive optical data at
1216 A (Experiments F-12 and F-13), at 1304 A (Experiment
F-13). at 5577 A (Experiment F-26). at 5890 A (Experiment
F-26). and at 6300 A (Experiment F-14). The measurement of
these emissions has typically yielded their global distributions
and a number of derived parameters such as neutral densities,
neutral temperatures, and electron densities. The remote sensor
techniques for obtaining these parameters are often more difficult
to use than the direct Br situ techniques. The development of
these remote sensor techniques is important; however, because
in some cases, such as planetary flyby missions, the remote
sensing techniques are the only ones that can be used.
In presenting the results of the OGO 6 optical experiments
one could proceed according to regions investigated (lower
thermosphere or E-region, upper thermosphere or F-region,
exosphere or region above 500 km, geocorona, etc.) parameters
measured (atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen densities, electron
density, neutral temperatures, etc.) or wavelengths used i n
measurements. An organization according to wavelengths seems
the simplest and it is used in the following summary.
6.5.1 Celestial Lyman-Alpha Measurements (F-12)
In spite of its short operational life (June 6-18, 1969).
experiment F-12 yielded important data that were used to
produce a global survey of the 1216-A emission across the
whole sky. By fitting the observed absorption (produced by the
hydrogen-cell resonance filter of experiment F-12) as a function
of Doppler shift (due to satellite motion combined with the
F-12 scanner direction), the spectral width of the emission line
was obtained and the corresponding emission temperature was
derived. These results constitute the first measurements by a
111-16
hydrogen-resonance filter technique of the spectral character of
the Lyman-alpha emission over the complete celestial sphere.
These measurements revealed: ( I ) a dawn-to-dusk difference of
200 deg K in the emission temperature, (2) a rather surprising
antisolar “hot” region that appeared to be aligned with the
Earth’s magnetotail, and (3) a number of weak stellar sources
in the UV continuum (Clark and Metzger, 1971; Metzger and
Clark, 1972).
6.5.2 Exospheric 1216-A Airglow (F-13)
The vertical intensity of the 1216-A airglow was measured
at altitudes ranging from 400 to 1100 km for the period June
1969 to June 1970 using data from experiment F-13 (Thomas
and Anderson, 1976). From these measurements the atomic
hydrogen density at the exobase, taken to be 500 km, was
determined for 286 orbits throughout the I-year period. The
solar flux at 1216 A. which was also derived from the data
analysis, was found to vary linearly with the sunspot number.
Both the magnitude and the variation of the hydrogen density
at the exobase as a function of the exospheric temperature are
in excellent agreement with the OGO 5 results of Vidal-Madjar
et al (1974) obtained by a totally different technique. Since
very complicated procedures have to be used to analyze the
data from experiment F-13, the above agreement is an important
(and very successful) test of the data analysis techniques used
(see also comments preceding section 6.5. I).
6.5.3 Exospheric 1304-A Airglow (F-13)
The vertical intensity of 1304-A airglow was measured at
altitudes ranging from 400 to 1 1 0 0 km for the period September
15 - October 25, 1969, using data from experiment F-13.
F r o m these measurements Strickland and Thomas (1976)
calculated the vertical atomic oxygen column density above the
satellite altitude. Because of uncertainties i n the various
parameters involved in these calculations the airglow data were
of limited value for determining oxygen densities. Relative
density variations, however, could be determined reliably over
short periods of time (such as two or three orbits). Thus, it
could be shown that the exospheric atomic oxygen density
decreased prior to the geomagnetic storm of late September
1969 and increased during the storm with the largest changesoc-
curring at low latitudes. The calculation of oxygen density from the
1304-A airglow data requires the use of very complicated analysis
techniques. Although simpler itr situ measuring techniques can
be used i n the terrestrial atmosphere, the development of airglow
remote-sensing techniques is important for planetary flyby and
orbiter missions.
6.5.4 Tropical F-Region 5577-A Airglow (F-26)
The 5577-A emission is excited in the nighttime F-region as
a result of the formation of 0 2 ’ ions I n charge transfer
reactions between O + and 4 and the subsequent dissociative
recombination of the molecular ions. The 5577-A emission is
therefore proportional to both the 02 and the O t densities.
Since the 9 density is known fairly well from neutral atmosphere
models, a measurement of the F-region 5577-A emission yields
a measurement of the 0’ density, which is essentially equal to
the electron density. Since much of the emission is generated
below the peak of the F2 region, the 5577-A data is equivalent
to a bottomside sounding of the ionosphere from a satellite,
This technique can provide synoptic data about the bottomside
of the ionosphere that are otherwise impractical to obtain. A
successful test of the above concepts was conducted by comparing
the satellite data with ground-based data from Huancayo, Peru.
Thomas and Donahue (1972) applied the above analysis technique
to the data from experiment F-26 and derived a number of
synoptic electron density maps for the equatorial region. Because
of significantly lesser nighttime densities at mid- and lower
latitudes (and a corresponding much weaker 5577-A emission in
the F-region), the above technique could be applied only for
the tropical regions.

6.5.5 E-Region 5577-A Airglow (F-26)
An intense 5577-A airglow layer is observed near 100 km at
latitudes ranging from -60 to +60 deg. This E-region layer
airglow is due to a mechanism that is quite different from that
which produces the F-region airglow. The classical theory of
the E-region 5577-A airglow is due to Chapman (1931) and it
relates (in a somewhat complicated manner) the emission rate
to the density of atomic oxygen. This relationship involves
three reaction rate parameters, which unfortunately are not
accurately known, and this leads to some uncertainty in the
calculation of atomic oxygen density from the airglow data.
Using 5577-A airglow data obtained with experiment F-26 during
the period August 1969 to April 1970, Donahue et al (1973)
derived the first comprehensive picture of the global distribution
of atomic oxygen density in the E-region. The oxygen density
was calculated assuming the Chapman mechanism and the results
are subject to the above-mentioned uncertainties. The resulting
maps of the atomic oxygen density near 97 km (Donahue et al,
1974) revealed a strong variation in latitude, longitude, universal
time, and time of year. Donahue and Carignan (1975) showed
that the variation of the oxygen density between 100 and I20
km was inconsistent with the temperature gradients assumed in
the Jacchia 1971 model atmosphere and an eddy diffusion
coefficient K that reaches its maximum value below 115 km.
It was concluded that the temperature gradients had to be
increased from the model values by factors of 2 t o 5,
depending upon possible revisions in the values of K.
6.5.6 E-Region 5890-A Airglow (F-26)
The 5890-A airglow results from the reaction of NO and 0
to form N O z . T h e 5890-A airglow intensity is therefore
proportional to the product of NO and 0 densities. Donahue
(1974) used the 5890-A airglow data from experiment F-26 to
derive an upper limit for the product (NOMO) and found that
near 110 km, during the nights of 1969-1970, the product
(NOMO) was less by a factor of 5 than the product of
observed N O densities and Jacchia 1971 0 model densities.
6.5.7 Noctilucent Clouds in Polar Regions (F-26)
Simultaneous observations over the polar regions of an
intense airglow at 5577 A and at 5890 A, originating from an
altitude of about 85 km, led to the discovery of an extensive
scattering layer present over the geographic poles during the
local summer. It was concluded that this scattering layer was
probably an extension poleward of noctilucent clouds (Donahue
et al, 1972).
6.5.8 Global Temperature at 270 km from 6300-A Airglow (F-14)
Blamont et al (1974) used the data from experiment F-14
(Spectral Profile Measurements of the 6300-A Airglow Line) t o
conduct a global survey of the neutral temperature at 270 km.
This work was based upon an averaging of data for the
altitude region 240 to 300 km obtained under daytime conditions
ranging from sunrise t o sunset. It was found that the maximum
temperature occurred close to the summer pole at the solstices,
and that the changeover occurred within a period of about 20
days close to the equinoxes. The diurnal variation was the
greatest near the equator. The annual variation was nearly
sinusoidal with an amplitude of about 300 deg K.
Blamont and Luton (1972) investigated the geomagnetic effects
on the neutral temperature at 270 km and found that changes
in excess of 300 deg K occurred in the polar regions under
disturbed magnetic conditions, The 270-km temperature data
obtained from experiment F-14 also revealed systematic differences
between the hemispheres at the time of equinox (Barlier et al,
1974). These differences have the same sign for spring and fall
conditions, showing that the southern hemisphere is warmer
than the northern hemisphere.
OVERVIEW
6.5.9 Exospheric Temperature Model (F-14)
At altitudes greater than about 500 km (exosphere) the
atmospheric temperature is essentially independent of altitude.
The exospheric temperature depends, however, upon the latitude,
local time, day of the year (seasonal effects), solar flux, and
magnetic activity. A model of the exospheric temperature,
including the effects of the above parameters, was derived by
Thuillier et a1 (1976) using the 6300-A airglow data from
experiment F-14. The resulting model was found to agree
fairly well with the model of Hedin et al (1974), which is based
upon the N2 density data from experiment F-04 on OGO 6,
and the model of Salah et al (1974). which is based upon ion
temperature data obtained with the Millstone Hill ionospheric
radar.
6.6 Neutral Atmosphere Measurements
The OGO 6 mission included three experiments designed to
measure the density and composition of the Earth’s thermo-
sphere.; These were experiment F-01 (Microphone Atmospheric
Density Gauge, Sharp), experiment F-04 (Neutral Atmospheric
Composition, Reber). and experiment F-07 (Energy Transfer
Probe for Atmospheric Density, McKeown). Experiment F-01
experienced in flight a significant loss in sensitivity that limited
its usefulness to altitudes less than 440 km, i s . , near perigee.
Experiment F-07 yielded no geophysical data because of severe
contamination by outgassing from the OGO 6 solar cell panels.
Experiment F-04, however, turned out to be one of the most
successful experiments of the entire OGO program. It yielded
2 years of excellent data from which very significant new results
were obtained. These results, according to Jacchia (l974),
include “one of the most remarkable discoveries in upper
atmosphere physics;” namely, “that all the known types of
thermospheric variation are accompanied by large variations in
composition that are not accounted for by static diffusion
models, t h u s clearly indicating the presence of large-scale
convection phenomena.”
6.6.1 Results from Experiment F-01
6.6.1.1 Geomagnetically Aligned Neutral Density Peaks (F-01)
Analysis of the data from experiment F-01 for the period
July 12-15, 1969, revealed a persistent pair of density peaks
present on seven successive orbits during July 13 and July 14
(both geomagnetically disturbed days). The density peaks were
observed in the daytime at geomagnetic latitudes near 52 deg
and 60 deg North, and at altitudes near 400 km. Since the
density peaks occurred at latitudes and altitudes characteristic of
red arcs, the experimental technique used might provide a
red-arc monitoring technique that is not limited by daylight,
moonlight, or clouds (Anderson and Sharp, 1972).
6.6.1.2 Atmospheric Density Variation with Kp (F-01)
Longitudinal density profiles were measured with experiment
F-01 during the period September 27-30, 1969, at 406 km and
1600 hr local time from about 0 to 40 deg North for Kp
values ranging from 0 to 8. The results showed that the
neutral density increased with Kp at all latitudes between IO
and 30 deg North. A least-squares fit to the density data
versus the magnetic index Ap gave best results at low latitudes
when the Ap values were for a time 3 hours earlier than the
time corresponding to the density values (Anderson, 1973).
The tcrm. thermosphere. refers Io the neutral atmosphere In the altitude rangc
from about 100 to about 500 km, i.c.. immediately bclow the exosphere.
111-17
OVERVIEW

6.6.2 Results from Experiment F-04 6.6.2.3 Equatorial Phenomena in Thermospheric Composition
(F-04)
Analysis of the data from experiment F-04 on OGO 6 has
led to about 20 papers i n refereed scientific journals, including Reber et al (1973) reported several interesting phenomena
16 papers in the Journal of Geophysical Research. From this related to the equatorial thermosphere. The diurnal variation
work a new and more complex picture of the whole thermosphere during equinox showed the N2 and 0 densities peaking near 1500
has gradually evolved. LMT, while the He density peaked near IO00 LMT. The
latitudinal variation in Nz during the day was very similar to
the F-region electron density variation exhibiting the features of
the ionospheric anomaly (see section 4.2.4 of the Overview).
During periods of intense geomagnetic disturbances the
6.6.2.1 Global Morphology of the Undisturbed Thermosphere low-latitude thermospheric temperature increased by only 100
( F-04) deg K compared to increases of more than IO00 deg K at
midlatitudes.
Measurements of neutral Nz, 0, and He densities with
experiment F-04 over the south polar regions during magnetically
quiet periods in late August and early September 1969 revealed 6.6.2.4 Global Thermospheric Models (F-04)
some unexpected variations in thermospheric composition. The
most surprising result was the presence near 70 deg invariant Taeusch and Carignan (1972) compared the data obtained
latitude of a maximum in the N2 density and a minimum in from experiment F-04 with that predicted by the Jacchia (1965,
the He density, suggesting the existence of ( I ) a high-latitude 1971) models. These models, based on satellite drag data, had
heat input, (2) a thermospheric wind system, and (3) a possible been used extensively for comparison and prediction purposes.
correlation with similar features observed in the polar ionosphere The comparison made by Taeusch and Carignan showed good
(Hedin and Reber, 1972). A subsequent study based upon the agreement in the mean values of the total density but revealed
analysis of data covering a 2-year-period showed that Nz significant discrepancies in the O/Nz constituent ratio. The
enhancements with similar amplitudes occurred in both north need for a new model of the thermosphere was therefore
and south polar regions under quiet magnetic conditions (Reber indicated.
and Hedin, 1974). Approximately 500 orbits. of Nz data Hedin et al (1974), using data from experiment F-04 for the
corresponding to K p < 3 were subsequently examined on an period June 1969 to May 1971, derived an empirical model of
individual basis to ascertain the general characteristics of the the thermosphere for magnetically quiet conditions. The OGO
quiet polar thermosphere. This study revealed two persistent 6 model also included the exospheric temperatures inferred from
but variable regions of enhanced N, densities, one located the N2 densities. The global characterisitcs of the thermosphere,
around noon magnetic local time at about 80 deg invariant which are revealed by the OGO 6 model, have been discussed
latitude and one located near midnight magnetic local time at by Mayr et al (1974). The ‘special features of the OGO 6
about 70 deg invariant latitude (Taeusch and Hinton, 1975). model correspond basically to the morphology described under
section 6.6.2. I.
The OGO 6 data were used by Jacchia (1974) to improve
his earlier models and by Wydra (1975) to provide a model of
exospheric temperatures that include both quiet and disturbed
magnetic conditions.
The OGO 6 model, which was basically a sunspot maximum
6.6.2.2 Global Morphology of the Disturbed Thermosphere (F-04) model, has recently been extended by Hedin et al (1977a.
1977b) using mass spectrometer data from OGO 6, San-Marco
Concurrently with the results described under section 6.6.2.1, 3, AEROSA, and AE-C obtained under conditions of declining
a picture of the disturbed thermosphere was gradually emerging and minimum solar activity. The extended model also used
from the data of experiment F-04. An initial study of the incoherent scatter data from four ground stations (Arecibo,
effects of geomagnetic storms on the neutral atmospheric Jicamarca, Millstone Hill, and St. Santin).
composition was carried out by Taeusch et al (1971) using data
for the period September 27 through October 3, 1969. This
study showed that the major portion of the energy deposition
occurred at high latitude, causing enhancements in Nz densities
with temperature increases on the order of 400 to 500 deg K.
These results suggested dynamic processes causing a thermospheric
circulation that is upward at the poles and downward at the
equator. A more comprehensive study of geomagnetic storm
effects was made subsequently by Marubashi et al (1976). using
both ion and neutral density data obtained with OGO 6 during
the period August 25-28, 1969. The overall behavior of the
neutral atmosphere was the same as observed in the earlier
study. In addition, both ion and neutral density variations
seemed to be closely correlated. A storm-time decrease in H+
density occurred in two distinct regions separated by the
low-latitude boundary of the light-ion trough. It was concluded
that the H + decrease was caused principally by the decrease in
H density for both regions. The O+ density showed an
increase during the storm, the pattern of which was similar to
that for 0, suggesting that the change in O+ density might
have been controlled by the change in 0 density.
The local time and invariant latitude dependence of the Nz
enhancements during elevated magnetic activity was determined
by Taeusch (1977). using data from eight families -of polar
perigee passes during 1969 and 1970. T h e greatest N,
enhancements (increases by a factor of 3 to 4 over the quiet
time densities) were observed in the 2250-0300 MLT sector
extending from the pole down to at least 50 deg invariant
latitude.

111- 18
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LITERATURE REFERENCES
OGO 1 OGO 1, Bridge
SPACECRAFTIMISSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Plasma Probe, Faraday
CUP
Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-I4
subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or
project support personnel.
A63- 10333, A63-21527, A65- 14349, A65-19503, BIBLIOGRAPHY
A65-22431, A69-36674, A70-35303.
N62- 15053, N64-2725 1, N65-21656, N65-29296, PM: A68-17768, A68-28348, A69-19373, A71-30029.
N66-21006, N74-76913, N74-76932. N72-187 15.

PS A73-33436.
Papers with minor discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing,
subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or OS N7@27302.
project support personnel.
N65-29783, N74-76912.

Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground OGO 1, Cline

systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel.
A63- 13537, A63- 13629, A63-21528, A63-23249,
A64- 10864, A64- 1 1240, A64-24447, A64-27303,
A65-19528, A66-15919. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positron Search and
N67-22257, N69-33977, N74-74623. Gamma Ray Spectrum
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-15

BI BLlOG RAPHY
EXPERIMENTS
PM: A68-41427.
N74-77446.
OGO 1, Anderson PS: A74-30149.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar Cosmic Rays

NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-12
OGO 1, Haddock

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Astronomy

BIBLIOGRAPHY
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-09
PM: A67-41233, A69-31967, A71-19825.
N68-33302. BIBLIOGRAPHY
B03937-000.
OS: N69-34536. PM: N69-31345, N74-74631.

PS N69-25437.

OGO 1, Hargreaves
OGO I, Bohn

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Propagation

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Interplanetary Dust
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-05
Particles
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-07
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A68-38439
.............
PM: A66-15266. N66- 12993, N69-2452 1.
N67-32070. 818548-000.

PS: A68-29467 OM: A66-10892.

IV-1
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 1, Helliwell OGO 1, McDonald

EXPERIMENT NAME .._.__....._.._.__....

Cosmic-Ray Isotopic
EXPERIMENT NAME ............._.._...._
VLF Noise and Abundance
Propagation
NSSDC I D .......................................... 64-054A-I7
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-08
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A63-20022, A66-26348, A66-34847, A67-199 13,
A68-41421, A68-4143 1, A7 1-18 137.
PM: A68-17728, A69-25153. A69-31981, A70-15117, BO 1634-000.
A70-27 183, A 75-42748, A 76-1 9854.
N67-30831, N67-37021, N70-15678, N70-33156,
N73- 16344. N75-20195.

PS: A68-38428. OGO 1, Sagalyn

PC: N74-74765
EXPERIMENT NAME ......._.._.__........
Spherical Ion and
OS: A68-14098, A70-30078, A70-40479, A72-21189, Electron Trap
A 75-24400. NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-03
B00969-000
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A72-2301 I.
OGO 1, Heppner PC: N70-28003

EXPERIMENT NAME ........_...._________

Magnetic Survey Using
Two Magnetometers OGO 1, Simpson
NSSDC I D .......................................... 64-054A-02

BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Spectra

and Fluxes
PM: A68-11011, A68-12172, A72-12084. NSSDC I D ............................................ 64-054A-I8

PS: N70-19313. BIBLIOGRAPHY

OS: A71-30028, A75-19/38 PM: A66-34754, A66-34833, A67-11687, A67-27249,

A67-37412, A68-41420. A68-41434, A69-20067,
A 69-20068.
BO37 16-OOO.
OM: A76-35348
OGO 1, Konradi

EXPERIMENT NAME ......__...________.__

Trapped Radiation OGO 1, Smith
Scintillation Counter
NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-16
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Search Coil
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None Sound Magnetometer
NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-01

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 1, Mange
PM: A66-23148, A67-40804, A69-36675, A70-15127,
A72-44857.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Geocoronal PS A68-13469.

Lyman-Alpha Scattering N73- 10791.
NSSDC I D ............................................. 64-054A-IO
PC: N69-72494.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ~ None found OS A70-27594, A72-21189.

I v-2
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO I, Taylor OS A69-33055, A69-34227, A70-30059, A71-27654,

A73-14962.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positive Ion

Composition
NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-06 OGO 1, Winckler
BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electron Spectrometer
PM: A63-12209, A66-14781, A68-19744, A68-37114, NSSDC ID ........................................... 64-054A-21
A69-23777, A70-26568.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PS A68-41673.
PM: A67-25807, A68-41697, A70-30090.
OM: A69-25153, A69-25157. N67-13710, N69-19899, N70-17448, N70-17624,
N72-28802, N74-74639.
OS A68-37940, A70-41087, A71-30951.
N74-74635. OM: N73-20842, N74-20502, N74-20503.
OS A70-30358, A71-33948.
N66-35685, N67-19899, N74-74636.

OGO 1, Van Allen

OGO I, Wolfe
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Trapped Radiation and
High-Energy Protons
NSSDC ID ............................................. 64-054A-19
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electrostatic Plasma
Analysis (Protons
BIBLIOGRAPHY 0.1- 18keV)
NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-13
PM: N67-31362, N67-40126, N69-12899, N74-7691 I.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A65-25921. A65-29239.
OGO I, Whipple

OGO 1, Wolff
EXPERIMENT NAME ....._...._._........,
Plana: Ion and Elect:on
Trap
NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-04
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Gegenschein
Photometry
BIBLIOGRAPHY NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-1 I
PM: N74-74638.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PS A69-31976, A70-13994, A73-33436.
PM: A67-12055.
PS N64-27813.

OGO 1, Winckler

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Ionization Chamber

NSSDC I D ........................................... 64-054A-20

BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A65-33664, A67-25807, A67-41232, A68-22450,
A68-35480, A69-12740, A69-22182, A70-15106,
A71-18128.
N67-13710, N68-10422, N68-23026, N7O-17448,
N70-17624, N72-28802. N74-18420. N74-21445,
N74-74639.
PS: A66-34768.

I V-3
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 2 OGO 2, Cain

SPACECRAFTIMISSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Magnetic Survey,
Rubidium Vapor
Magnetometer
Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-05
subsystems, or ground systems .prepared
. by NASA . project
. or
project support -personnel.
A63-10333, A63-21527, A65- 14349, A69-36674, BIBLIOGRAPHY
A70-35303.
N64-23517, N65-18269, N74-76913, N74-76932. PM: A67-23244, A67-365 13, A67-36901, A68-26625,
A68-42083, A69- 1 I 125, A69-37490, A69-42428,
A70-39349, A71-29903, A71-33946, A72-12081,
A74-34019, A75-12368, A75-24043. A75-28743.
Papers with minor discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, N67-30147, N67-37398, N71-32190, N74- 17058,
subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or N76- 71877, N76- 71880, N77- 13587.
project support personnel.
N67-18763. PS A73-41374.
N64-27355. N72-23341

OS A74-28723
Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground
systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel.
A63-13537, A63-13629, A63-21528, A64-10864,
A65-19528.
N64-13388, N74-74623, N74-74661. OGO 2, Donley
B00570-.000.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positive Ion Study

NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A- 19
EXPERIMENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

OGO 2. Anderson
OGO 2, Haddock
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Ionization
NSSDC ID ........................................... 65-O81A-06
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Astronomy
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-01
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A68-43450, A69-28950, A69-31967, A70-3 1902,
A70-3 1903. PM: A71-26144.
N74-74624. N74-76923. N69- 14393, N70-23999.

PS: N69-34536 PS: N69-25437.

OGO 2, Barth OGO 2, Haddock

EXPERlMENT NAME ...................... UV Spectrometer, EXPERlMENT NAME ...................... Electron Density

IlW3400A Measurements
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-21
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-12

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-35771, A73-34783.
OS: N69- 18074. N70-23999.

I v-4
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 2, Helliwell OGO 2, Kreplin

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... VLF Noise and EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar X-ray Emissions
Propagation NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-16
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-02
BIBILIOGRAPHY - None found
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A68-19752, A68-31481, A69-14029, A69-28958,

A69-34939, A70-15116, A70-29924, A71-31757,
A 75-16440.
OGO 2, Mange
N67-30831, N70-15525, N70-32928.
BO 1263Mw).
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Lyman-Alpha and UV
PS: A68-37940. Airglow Study
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-11
PC N74-74765.
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found
OS A69-11125, A69-38495, A70-30078, A72-21189.
B00969-000.

OGO 2, Morgan
OGO 2, Hinteregger
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Whistler and
Audio-Frequency
Electromagnetic Waves
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar UV Emissions NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-03
NSSDC ID ........................................... 65-081A-17
BIB LlOG R APH Y
BIBLIOGRAPHY PM: A69-16257.
N69- 17928.
PM: A66-27326.
N65-29678. OM: N67-30831.
OS A72-21189.
PC. N65-14504. BOO969-000.

OGO 2, Hoffman OGO 2, Newton

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Scintillation Detector EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Neutral Particle Study
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-20
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-09
BIBILIOGRAPHY - None found
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

OGO 2, Nilsson
OGO 2, Jones
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Interplanetary Dust
Particles
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Neutral Particle and NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-14
Ion Composition
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-13 BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A66-41213, A68-35397, A70-10444.
BIBLIOGRAPHY N69-23367.
PM: N70-14425, N74-77537. PS A68-29467.

1v-5
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES I

OGO 2, Reed OGO 2, Van Allen

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Airglow and Auroral

Study
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Corpuscular Radiation
Experiment
I
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-10 NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-18

BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A67-23278. PM: N69-20849. N74-76909.

N67-27516, N61-27578, N72-27423

PS N69-18074.
OGO 2. Webber

OGO 2, Simpson EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Galactic and Solar

Cosmic Ray
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-08 IA-08
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Proton,
Alpha Particle BIBLIOGRAPHY
Measurement
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-07 PM: A66-23684, A68-41562.
PS: N74-19088.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

OS: N69-34536.

OGO 2, Smith

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Search-Coil

Magnetometer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-O81A-04

BIBLIOGRAPHY
i PM: A69-36675.

PC: B21207-000.

OS: A72-21189.

OGO 2, Taylor

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positive Ion

Composition
NSSDC I D ........................................... 65-081A-15

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A68-37 114, A68-41673, A69-3 1326, A69-34939,

A71-33762, A73-11904, A73-15533.

PS: A68-38423, A71-30037.

I OS A72-10361.

~ 1v-6
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 3 OGO 3, Bridge

SPACECRAFTIMISSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Plasma Probe, Faraday
CUP
Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-06
subsystems or ground systems prepared by NASA project or
project support personnel. BIBLIOGRAPHY
A63-10333, A69-36674, A70-35303.
N74-74630, N74-76932.
PM: A68-28348, A69-14027, A69-19373, A71-30029.
N72- 187 15.
Papers with minor discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, OS A73-33436.
subsystems or ground systems prepared by NASA project or
project support personnel.
A 71-33663.
N74-76912.
OGO 3, Cline
Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground
systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel.
A63-2 1528 A64- 10864.
~ EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positron Search and
N69-33977, N74-74623. Gamma-Ray Spectrum
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-04

BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENTS
PM: A68-17769, A68-41427, A69-23753, A70-38098.

PS A74-30149.
OGO 3, Anderson

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar Cosmic Rays OGO 3, Evans

NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-01

BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Proton

Experiment
PM: A68-37148, A69-22181, A69-37555, A71-19825.
NSSDC I D ........................................... 56-049,4=07
N69-23730, N69-29659.
803937-000, B03943-000. BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

OS A68-3 1924.

OGO 3. Frank
OGO 3. Bohn
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Electrons
and Protons
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Interplanetary Dust
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-08
Particles
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-21 BlBLlOGRAPHY

PM: A67-19926, A67-26312, A67-37401, A68-17771,

BIBLIOGRAPHY A68-34245, A68-41684, A69- 19358, A70-23490,
A70-23491, A70-30089, A70-43834, A71-17261,
PM: A68-29457, A68-29468, A71-14014, A71-33741. A71-24781.
N66-13640, N68- 15232.
A 72-3 I93 7.
N71-33768. PSI A69-29565.
PS A68-29467. OS A69-37967, A70-30358, A70-31905, A70-37487,
A7 1- 17263.
OM: N74-29255. B 18378-OOO.

I V-7
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 3, Fritz PS: A71-17258.

N70-19313.

OM: A73-13871, A77-16238.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Propagation
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-I6 OS: A71-17686, A71-34777, A72-42902.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: B18548-000.
OGO 3, Konradi

OGO 3, Haddock EXPERIMENT NAME .................... Trapped Radiation

Scintillation Counter
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-10
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Astronomy
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-18 BlBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY PM: A69-21699

PM: A70-34835, A71-19724, A71-43176.

N70-I 1147, N70-12221, N74-74631, N74-74660,
N74-76907.
OGO 3, Mange
PS: N69-25437

OS: N70-33175
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Geocoronal
Lyman-Alpha Scattering
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-19
OGO 3, Helliwell
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A70-27181, A71-14028.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... VLF Noise and
Propagation PS: A69-30191.
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-17
O S . A71-24439.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A69-25153, A69-31981, A70-27183, A71-11499,

A72-42043, A73-4 1912, A 75-42748, A 77-16238.
N67-30831, N68-14025, N70-15678, N70-33156, OGO 3, McDonald
N73- 16344, N75-20195, N75-22959.
B01263-000, 801265-OOO.

PS: A68-37940. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Isotopic

N68- 17981. Abundance
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-02
OS A70-30078, A70-40479, A71-30952, A72-21189.
B00969-000.
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

OGO 3, Heppner
OGO 3, Sagalyn

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Magnetic Survey Using

Two Magnetometers EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Spherical Ion and
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-11 Electron Trap
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A- I3
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A69-I 1226, A70-30076, A71-23635, A72-10886,
A72-12084, A73-11732, A73-43693, A74-14270. PM: A68-2942 I .
N7 1-25271, N7 1-32436, N73-I 7947.

I V-8
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 3, Simpson BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A74-18372.
~74-74638.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Spectra
and Fluxes PS: A69-31976, A70-13994, A73-33436.
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-03

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OCO 3, Winckler
PM: A68-41420, A71-18127
BO37 16-OOO.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electron Spectrometer
OM: A76-35348. NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-22

BlBLlOGRAPHY
PM: A68-41697, A69-40508, A6943 172, A70-30090.
OGO 3, Smith N67-13710, N69-19899, N70-17448, N70-17624,
N72-28802, N74-74639.
OM: N73-20842, N74-20502, N74-20503.
EXPERlMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Search-Coil
Magnetometer OS: N74-74636.
NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-12

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 3, Winckler
PM: A68-41693, A69-18834, A69-31985, A69-36675,
A69-4050 I, A70-2 1380, A 74-24759.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Ionization Chamber
PS: A70-30078. NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-23
N73-10791.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PC: N69-72494.
PM: A67-41232, A68-22450, A68-35480, A69-12740,
OM: A 75-27679. A69-22182. A69-40508. A69-43172. A70-15106,
A71-18128.
OS: A72-21189. N67-13710, N68-10422, N68-23026, N70-17448,
N70- 17624. N72-28802, N74-18420, N74-21445,
N74-74639.
OS: A69-33055, A69-34227, A70-30059, A7 1-17918,
OGO 3, Taylor A7 1-27554, A73- 14962.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positive Ion OGO 3, Wolfe

Composition
NSSDC I D ............................................ 66-049A-15
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electrostatic Plasma
Analysis (Protons 0.1-18
BIBLIOGRAPHY keV)~
NSSDC I D ............................................ 66-049A-05
PM: A68-19744, A68-37114, A69-23777, A70-26568,
A70-29185, A70-38377, A72-17453, A77-21513.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PSI A68-41673, A77-21504.
PM: A65-29239.
OM: A69-25153, A69-25157.

OS A70-30358.
OGO 3, Wolff

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Gegenschein Photometry

OGO 3, Whipple NSSDC I D ........................................... 66-049A-20

BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Planar Ion and Electron PM: A68-12548.
Trap N67-35595.
NSSDC ID ........................................... 66-049A-14

I V-9
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY

SPA C E C R A FT/ M l S S I O N 61B LIOG RA P H Y

PM: A69-37490, A69-42428, A70-39349, A7 1-29903.
A72-12081, A73-31768, A73-31773, A74-34019,
A 75-12368, A 75-24043, A 75-28743.
Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing. N71-32190, N72-30823, N73-20866, N74- 13566,
subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or N74-17058, N76-71877. N76-71880, N77-13587.
project support personnel.
A63- 10333, A69-36674, A70-35303.
N74-76932. PS: A73-31772. A73-41374.
N72-2334 1.

Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground OM: A 73-31771

systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel.
A63-21528, A64-10864.
N69-33977.
N78- 70070.
OGO 4. Chandra

EXPERIMENTS
EXPERIMENT NAME _._....._._._.....__._
Positive Ion Study
NSSDC ID ........................................... 67-073A-19
OGO 4, Anderson
BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERlMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Ionization
NSSDC ID .......................................... 67-073A-07 PM: A70-36016, A71-19663, A71-33956, A73-38939.
A 75-20360, A 75-35040. A 76-28486.
BIBLIOGRAPHY N68-35999.

PM: A70-31903, A73-10878.

N74-74624, N74-76923. PS A7 1-30037, A7 1-3095I

PS: N69-34536. PC: N74-76910.

OS: A72-2641 I , A73-33436.

OGO 4, Barth

EXPERIMENT NAME _____......._.........

UV Spectrometer,
OGO 4, Haddock
1100-3400 A
NSSDC I D ......................................... 67-073A-14
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Radio Astronomy
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NSSDC I D ............................................ 67-073A-01
PM: A69-3 1400, A69-32615, A69-36682, A70-39338,
A73-41925, A75-46289, A76-19839, A77-16243,
A 77-23222. BIBLIOGRAPHY
N69-26549.
N78-12583.
PM: A71-26144.
N70-42352.
OM: A72-26402, A77-27318

OS A69-34957, A70-39344, A72-42418. PS: N69-25437.

OGO 4, Cain OGO 4, Helliwell

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Magnetic Survey,

Rubidium Vapor EXPERIMENT NAME ......_._._...........
VLF Noise and
Magnetometer Propagation
NSSDC I D ........................................... 67473A-06 NSSDC I D ............................................ 67-073A-02

IV-10
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

BIBLlOGRAPHY OGO 4, Kreplin

PM: A69-14029, A70-15116, A70-18532, A71-31757,
A7 1-39746. A72-23008. A73-3345 1, A73-33876,
A75-16440. A76-16522. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar X-ray Emissions
N68-14025, N70-15525, N70-15768, N70-32928, NSSDC ID ............................................ 67-073A-21
N73- 16126, N73-22079, N74- 12109.

PS: N74-15857. BIBLIOGRAPHY

OM: A70-18534, A76-14838. PM: A69-43611, A71-14046, A71-14212, A71-20318,

A 72-29722.
OS A70-30078, A72-19149. A72-21189 N74-74629.

PS A70-16719, A70-43301, A72-20013

N69-32730.

t OGO 4, Hinteregger OS A70-34943, A 71-20944, A72-35089.

N69-17412, N71-3613 1.

EXPERIMENT NAME _._.__._..._.......... Solar U V Emissions

NSSDC I D ........................................... 67-073A-20
OGO 4, Mange
BIBLlOGRAPHY

PM: N65-29678.
EXPERIMENT NAME ___.................__
Lyman-Alpha and UV
PC: N65-14504. Airglow Study
NSSDC I D ........................................... 67-073A-13

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 4, Hoffman
PM: A70-15128, A70-23493, A70-35764, A71-I 1503,
A71-I 1504, A71-14028, A71-17279, A7l-33964,
A 75-35040, A76-42683.
EXPERIMENT NAME ____........,.........
Low-Energy Auroral N76-10603. N77-860W.
Particle Detector
NSSDC I D .............................................. 67-073A-11
PS: A69-30191
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OM: A73-38939, A75-22671.
PM: A68-43443, A69-28964, A71-27911, A71-30032,
A72-19149, A72-39541, A73-15531, A73-26988, OS: A69-34957, A72-42418, A77-27318.
A 73-33434, A73-4 1914, A 73-451 14, A 7 4 14274, N71-34333.
A 74-436 79, A 75- 19330, A 76-22086, A 76-22 107.
N70-29987, N7 1-25272, N73- 10392, N73- 11345,
N74-74628, N75-12873.

PS: N74-28251
OGO 4, Morgan

OGO 4, Jones EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Whistler and

Audio-Frequency
Electromagnetic Waves
NSSDC I D ............................................ 67-073A-03
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Neutral Particle and
Ion Composition
BlBLIOGRAPHY
NSSDC I D .......................................... 67-073A-15
PM: A70-18534, A72-19149, A76-22086.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A69-3668 1. OM: A70-19630.

N71-21544, N71-23238.
B05000-000. OS A72-21189, A72-39541

IV-11
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 4, Newton OGO 4, Smith

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Neutral Particle Study EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Search-Coil
NSSDC I D ............................................ 67-073A-17 Magnetometer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 67-073A-05
BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A69-36675, A75-19330.

PS: A70-30078.
OGO 4, Nilsson
PC. B21207-OOO.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Interplanetary Dust OM: N75-12873.

Particles
NSSDC ID ........................................... 67-073A-18 OS A72-21189.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 4, Taylor
PM: A70-10444, A71-28700.
N 75-706 76.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Positive Ion
Composition
NSSDC I D ........................................... 67-073A-I6
OGO 4, Reed
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A69-3 1326, A70- 18534, A70-38377, A70-4 1057,

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Airglow and Auroral A71-24555, A71-33762, A71-43166, A73-15533,
Study A73-19255, A75-I 1853, A7S-20360, A75-27383,
NSSDC ID ........................................... 67-073A-12 A 7s-28356.
N71-25270, N72-23334, N73-17948.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PS: A77-21513.
PM: A70-15522, A70- 15645, A72-13428, A73-38939,
A74-11523, A74-34042, A75-35040, A75-42726. OS A73-45114, A76-39145.
A 76-1 96 13, A 76-2 1456. A 76-22490, A 76-42683,
A 77-20886.
N71-25268, N72-26309, N72-27423, N72-28353,
N74-26848, N76-10603. OGO 4, Van Allen
PS A71-19663.
N69- 18074.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Proton and
PC: N74-74637. Electron Differential
Energy Analyzer
OM: A75-22671 (LEPEDEA)
NSSDC I D ........................................... 67-073A-10

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 4, Simpson PM: A69-43184.
N74-76909.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Proton, PS A69-29565.

Alpha Particle
Measurement
NSSDC I D ............................................... 67-073A-08 OGO 4, Webber
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A69-43 183, A72-35591, A72-38728, A72-44522. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Galactic and Solar
N72-25727. Cosmic Ray
NSSDC I D ............................................ 67-073A-09
PS A72-21510
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OS A71-11494, A73-14962
N69-34536. PM: A66-23684.
N74-19088.

1v-12
I
i
I

SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 5 0C.O 5, Blamont

S P A C E C R A FTJMISS10 N BIB LIOG R A P H Y
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Geocoronal
Lyman-Alpha
1 Measurements
Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-22
i subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or
project support personnel.
A63-10333, A69-36674, A70-35303. BIBLIOGRAPHY
N74-76932.
PM: A69-31412, A70-42468, A71-24438, A71-33834,
A73-19233, A75-13173, A75-23721, A75-28032,
A77-11488.
Papers with minor discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing, N73-10812.
subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project or N78-71246.
project support personnel.
N74-76912. PS: N65-30651.
OM: A76-1111117.
Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground OS A73-12323, A73-39074.
systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel. N73-108 13. N76-21066.
A63-21568, A64-10864.
N69-33977.

1 EXPERIMENTS

OGO 5, Aggson
EXPERIMENT NAME
NSSDC I D

BIBLIOGRAPHY
OGO 5, Boyd

......................
...........................................
Electron Temperature
and Density
68-014A-01

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electric Field PM: A70-37513, A74-17648.

Measurement
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-26 OM: A75-35003, A75-36977.

BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

OS A72-35599, A75-23707.
I
j OGO 5, Anderson OGO 5, Cline
I
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Interplanetary,
I EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Energetic Radiations Electrons, Positrons,
from Solar Flares and Protons
i NSSDC ID

BIBLIOGRAPHY
........................................... 68-014A-04 NSSDC ID

BIBLIOGRAPHY
........................................... 68-014A-05

PM: A69-40775, A71-15937, A71-19825, A72-14561, PM: A70-38096.

A72-32790, A73-I 1389, A73-20766. A74-30287, N69-38983.
A74-38468, A75-35537, A75-37352, A77-16850,
1 A 77-18572, A 78- 10580.
N72-288 12, N74-21445, N74-21458, N75-17277,
PS A74-30149,
N71-25288
I
I N75-18144.

I
B039@000 -
I PS A70-25746, A71-43849, A73-17041, A74-30908,
I A75-16217. OGO 5, Coleman
OM: A75-43792, A76-10136
N75-17281.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Hydromagnetic Waves
OS: A71-20945, A72-13507, A74-37631. and Trapped Particles
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-13

IV-13
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A71-43162, A72-42406, A72-44513, A73-29964, PM: A69-14681, A69-36683, A69-42693, A70-17376,
A73-33437, A73-33453, A73-33457, A73-36273, A70-2911 I, A70-30069, A70-30085, A70-36005,
A75-35005, A77-21512, A77-42295. A70-36006, A70-37483, A71-11500, A71-14550,
N74-35223. A71-23711, A71-24788, A71-30956, A71-37353,
A7 1-43158, A7 1-43162, A72-23019, A72-26399,
A72-29380, A72-35610, A72-44523, A73-13883,
PS A74-14283, A74-17742, A74-24766, A75-19349. A73-19254, A73-26985, A73-29964, A73-29966,
A73-33437, A73-33456, A73-36273, A74-21680,
OM: A73-33449. A75-23707, A75-35003, A76-41914, A77-23220.
N72-22383, N73- 10789, N73- 10795, N74-74626,
OS: A72-44850, A73-33454, A 76-33058. A76-41914. N74-77109.
N74-17126. B 18269-000.

PS: A69-33452, A70- 17376, A70-30083, A7 1-37368,

A74-43688, A75-35005.
OGO 5, Coleman OM: A72-35599, A73-33457, A75-38275. A76-12272.
N78-11543.
B14583-000
EXPERIMENT NAME _._____...._.......... Triaxial Fluxgate
Magnetometer OS: A71-11491, A71-30952, A71-31774, A72-21189,
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-14 A72-44850, A73-22069, A74- 14283, A75-19134,
A75-19/38.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A67- 15724, A69-42693, A70-36006, A70-37483,

A70-43851, A71-14515, A71- 14550, A7 1- 19656,
A7 1-21631, A71-21643, A7 1-27913, A71-33943, OGO 5, Frank
A7 1-43162, A72- 19145, A72-23004, A72-29379,
A72-29380, A72-35599. A72-35610, A72-44513,
A72-44856, A72-44857. A73-13855, A73-29964,
A73-29966, A73-33437, A73-33449, A73-33450,
A73-33452, A73-33457, A73-36273,
A74-14285, EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Proton and
A74-21679, A74-21680,
A75-19134, A75-19349, Electron Differential
A75-23707, A75-28015, A75-35003, A75-35005, Energy Analyzer
A 76-22081, A 77-1 1219, A 77-16868, A 77-21093, (LEPEDEA)
A77-21512, A77-23205, A77-23220. A77-42295. NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-Ol4A-07
N73- 10792, N73-20498, N74-35223, N74-74633,
N75-76086.
B 18269-000 BIBLIOGRAPHY

PS: A69-14681, A70-13980, A70-21377, A70-29111, PM: A71-14550, A71-37353, A71-43158

A70-30078, A71-33944, A72-42406, A72-42902, N66-13640.
A73-22054, A73-33453, A 7 4 14283, A 7 4 17742,
A 7 5 4 9127. PS A69-29565.
N69-33963, N73- 10791.
OS: A 75-19138.
OM: A70-30069, A72-29378, A72-44511, A74-12627,
A 74-30677, A 75-12370, A 75-19 / 3 8 , A 75-226 13,
A75-41805, A75-42744, A75-46232, A76-33057,
A76-41914.
N72-I 1325, N74-30528, N76-33787, N76-33788,
N76-33 793, N 76-33795, N 78- I 1543.
OGO 5, Haddock
OS A69-33452, A71-I 1491, A71-17263, A71-30952,
A72-44850, A73-24744, A73-33454, A73-33455,
A73-33456, A73-36275, A74-18364, A74-43688, EXPERIMENT NAME _....._....__....__... Radio Astronomy
A75-22774, A 75-46238, A76-22092, A 76-33058, NSSDC I D ............................................ 68-014A-20
A 76-44665.
N74-17126.
B1458&000. BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A73-17047, A73-32964, A73-32965. A73-41497,

A74148 1 I, A75-35005.
OCO 5, Crook N69-14392, N72-23118, N75-19114, N75-24593.
B14718-000.

PS: N69-25437.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Plasma Wave Detector
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-24
1V-14
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITER ATU RE REFERENCES

OGO 5, Heppner OGO 5, Meyer

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Magnetic Survey Using EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Electrons
Two Magnetometers NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-09
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-15
BlBLlOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-12902. A71-18170. ,471-29057, A72-14719,
PM: A70-30045, A70-30076. A71-23635. A71-31754, A73-33293, A74-30204, A74-31942, A 76-26886,
A71-43161, A72-10886, A73-11732, A73-33464,
A73-43693, A74-14270, A75-I 1221, A75-35007, A 76-26907.
N75-32995
A 77-1 7124.
N71-2527 1, N7 1-32519, N73-17947. 908373-000.

PS: A72-13507. OM: A 74-37632.

B13262-000.
OM: A73-13871, A76-33057
N78- 11543.

OS: A71-17686, A71-34777, A72-42902, A73-45112.

OGO 5, Ogilvie

OGO 5, Hutchinson EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Electron

Analyzer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-11
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Energetic Photons in
Primary Cosmic Rays BIBLIOGRAPHY
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-08
PM: A66-23689, A67-33595, A68-25969, A71-31754,
A72- 13507, A73-45 I 12.
BIBLIOGRAPHY N71-25273.
PM: A70-40691.
818277-000. OM: N78-11543.

OGO 5, Kreplin OGO 5, Sagalyn

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar X-ray Emissions EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Thermal and Epithermal
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-23 Plasma
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-02
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-45768, A7l-12761, A71-40425, A73-11391, BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found
A76-10136.
N74-2 1450.

OGO 5, Serbu
OGO 5, McDonald
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Thermal Ions and
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Galactic and Solar Electrons
Cosmic-Ray Studies NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-03
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-10
BIBLIOGRAPHY .
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A67-25852, A70-38127, A75-15342, A75-34018, PM: A71-11498, A72-26399, A75-16437.

A77-I 1692.
N69-38984. OM: A75-36977.

1V-15
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 5, Sharp PS: A70-30078, A 7 4 14283.

N73-10791.
PC N69-72494.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Light-Ion Magnetic
Mass Spectrometer OM. A70-4385 1, A73-33457, A74- 12627, A 76-12272,
A77-21523. A77-42295.
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-18 N78-11543.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OS A69-33452. A71-11491, A72-21189, A73-13855,

A73-33453, A 75-23707, A75-36988, A 75-46238,
A76-41914.
PM: A69-36679, A70- 18530, A70-18546, A70-30074, N74-17126.
A70-36014, A70-43851, A71-11491, A71-24787,
A71-39833, A71-43162, A72-10892, A72-39544,
A73-12320, A73-13709, A73-13879, A73-22054,
A73-26985, A73-29966, A73-33451, A73-33876,
A 74-30660, A75-16637, A75-35005, A77-23220. OGO 5, Snyder
N73-16432, N74-769 14, N75-I 7877.

PS: N74-17126
EXPERIMENT NAME _.__....____..___..... Plasma Spectrometer
OM: A70-36006, A72-21223. A73-20652, A73-33457, NSSDC I D ............................................ 68-014A-17
A74-30677, A74-43691, A75-16437, A75-35003,
A75-36977, A76-12272, A76-33058, A76-41210, BIBLIOGRAPHY
A 77-2 1512, A 77-23205, A 77-42295.
N 74-30528. PM: A68-42739, A70-21377, A70-36005, A71-14550,
A71-33943, A71-37353, A71-43162, A72-29378,
A72-29380. A72-35610, A73-23539, A73-29966,
OS: A69-33452, A71-14515, A73-26984, A74-14283, A73-36273. A74-12627, A74-21679, A74-21680,
A74-18364, A75-23707, A75-36982. A75-46285, A 75-19134, A 75-23707, A 75-27387, A 75-28004,
A 76-44665. A75-28038, A75-28750, A 75-3-7003. A75-35005,
N70-27302. A75-42744, A76-19838, A76-22081, A77-23220.
N72- 14808.

OM: A70-29111, A70-36006, A73-29964, A73-33437.

N78-11543.
OGO 5, Simpson
OS A71-14515, A71-19656, A71-33944, A75-16631.
A 75-19138

EXPERIMENT NAME ______._.._____._._...

Low-Energy Heavy
Cosmic-Ray Particles
(High-Z Low-E)
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-27 OGO 5, Thomas

BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENT NAME ..............._..____ U V Photometer
PM: A71-13475, A72-15366, A72-32959, A73-13719, NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-21
A74-30156, A 75-46822.
N73-25870. BIBLIOGRAPHY
OS: A73-23538. PM: A69-3 1400, A7 1-24439, A72-32955, A74- 15496,
A74-22345. A 75-32382.

PS N73-10813, N76-21066
OGO 5, Smith OM: A76-31317.

OS: A71-35409, A73-12323, A73-39074

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Triaxial Search-Coil
Magnetometer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 68-014A-16
OGO 5, Van De Hulst
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A69-31985, A69-36675, A70-37483, A71-33943,
A72-26399, A72-29378, A73-26984, A74- 18364. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Measurement of the
A74-21679, A74-24767, A74-30677, A75-19134, Absolute Flux and
A 75-35003, A76-33057, A 76-33058, A76-44665, Energy Spectra of
A 77-215 12, A 77-23220 Electrons
N74-30528. NSSDC ID ............................................ 68-014A- 12

IV-16
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A69- 19198, ,470-37522, A70-38105, A70-38106,
A70-40690, A70-45769, A72-33869. A73-19252,
A74-27700, A74-31903.
N77-84/76, N77-84177.
B14744-000, B14745-000
PS: A76-39/30.

OGO 5, West

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electron and Proton

Spectrometer
NSSDC ID ........................................... 68-014A-06

BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A66-23690, A71-21037, A73-12442, A73-24732,
A73-33454, A73-33455, A75-22759, A75-37031,
A75-41805, A76-22092. A 76-35289, A76-44653,
A 77-16868, A 77-42295.
N70-28103, N73-31150, N74-13165, N74-74662,
N74-74663, N75-17020.
B07587-000, 915152-000.
PS: N67-30930.
OM: A73-33449, A73-33457, A76-47884.
N73-20842.
OS: A72-35597, A73-33453, A74-17742
N7 1-25273, N74-30528.

IV-17
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: N71-10358.
SPACECRAFTJMISSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
PC: N74-16940.

Papers with major discussion of spacecraft, mission, testing,

subsystems, or ground systems prepared by NASA project o r
project support personnel.
A69-36674. A69-43132, A70-35303. OGO 6, Blamont
N74-76932.

Papers about spacecraft, mission, testing, subsystems, or ground NAME Airglow and Auroral
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " " " " " ' ~ ~ " '
Emissions
systems prepared by NASA contractor personnel.
A63-21528, A64- 10864. NSSDC I D ......................................... 69-051A-11
N78- 70070.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A 74-1 1523.

EXPERIMENTS

OGO 6, Aggson OGO 6, Blamont

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... D C Electric Field

EXPERIMENT NAME _._._._____.______....
Line Shape of the
Measurements 6300-A Airglow
Emission
NSSDC I D ............................................. 69-051A-23 ...........................................
NSSDC I D 69-051A-14

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-30082, A72-35989, A72-39980, A72-42432,
A72-44854, A73-15333, A74-14272, A75-11226, PM: A72-35603, A74-23679, A75-16449, A76-42390.
A 75-16634. A 76-16514, A 77-27317, A 77-34326.
N74-29091, N74-74627. OM: A77-25/83, A77-34901
N76-10610.
PS: A 72-39543.
OS A73-36150. A75-46269
OM: A12-42901, A76-22105

OS: A 75-35036, A 76-42697.

N74-74632.
OGO 6, Cain

OGO 6, Barth EXPERlMENT NAME ___.._______.___......

Magnetic Survey,
Rubidium Vapor
Magnetometer
EXPERIMENT NAME ........._._.______... UV Photometer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-21
NSSDC I D ............................................ 69-051A-13
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-39349, A71-29903, A73-31768, A74-34019,
PM: A75-16634. A76-28988. A76-28989 A 75-12368, A 75-24043, A 75-28743. A 76-16514.
N72-30823, N73-20866, N74-17058, N76-71877.
N76-71880, N77-13587.

PS: A73-31772, A73-41374.

OGO 6, Bedo N72-23341.

OM: A73-31771, A73-31773, A75-13176.

N 76- 71883.
EXPERIMENT NAME ........._...______...
Solar UV Emissions,
160-1600 A OS A73-31769.
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-09

IV-18
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 6, Clark OGO 6, Hanson

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Celestial Lyman-Alpha

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Planar Ion and Electron
Measurement Trap
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-03
NSSDC ID ........................................... 69-051A-12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A70-43840, A70-43841, A72-10902, A72-35989,
PM: A70-43852, A71-17975. A72-42016, A72-44516, A73-19241, A73-22066,
N7 1-36136, N72-23429, N74-74625. A73-24738, A73-41919, A74-12640, A74-18754,
A74-27695, A75-11226, A77-23211.
N73-32286, N74-20542.
OS: A71-24439. 820340-OOO.

PS A72-26411, A73-29988.

OM: A 7 5 - 3 W 5 , A 77- 12057, A 77- 15 786, A 77-24016,

OGO 6, Donahue A 77-34326.

OS A72-42416, A76-42697
N71-35437.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Sodium Airglow
Photometer
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-26
OGO 6, Hanson
BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A72-35604, A72-42515, A73-45121, A74-30670,

A75-11227. A76-16501, A76-18436. EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Ion Mass Spectrometer,
N73- 16436, N75- 19882, N75-27744. UTD
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-06
OM: A76-39128.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OS: N75-24202.
PM: N71-10588.

OGO 6. Evans OGO 6, Helliwell

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Auroral Particle

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... VLF Noise and
Measurement
Propagation
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-15 NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-24

BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A71-14538, A75-11226

N74-12842.
OGO 6, Farley OS A72-21189.

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Trapped and

Precipitating Electrons
UCLA
OGO 6, Kreplin
NSSDC LD ........................................... 69-051A-16

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Solar X-ray Emissions

BIBLIOGRAPHY NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-08
PM: A74-24766.
N73-15863. BIBLIOGRAPHY - None found

IV-19
SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 6, Laaspere OGO 6, Nagy

EXPERlMENT NAME ...................... Whistler and EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Electron Temperature
Audio-Frequency and Density
Electromagnetic Waves
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-25 NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-02

BlBLlOGRAPHY BIBLlOGRAPHY

PM: A69-36677, A71-33951. A72-29384, A73-33438, PM: A72-35989, A73-19241, A7S-11226

A74-34020, A 77-42297. N73-13376.
B17973-000.
OS: A73-41919. A7642697
PS: A72-23520.
OS: A72-21189.

OGO 6, Lockwood OGO 6, Reber

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Neutron Monitor EXPERIMENT NAME ._._...._.__.__.......

Neutral Atmospheric
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-18 Composition
NSSDC I D ............................................ 69-051A-04
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM: A69-36678, A70-39326, A72-10877, A73-41498, BIBLIOGRAPHY
A74- 15356, A75-18717.
N73-19841, N73-32639. PM: A71-21647, A71-39711, A72-13518, A72-32964,
A72-42431, A73-26997, A73-27602, A73-3 1767,
PS: A73-36645 A73-33441, A73-38941, A74-18376, A74-21693,
A74-277 13, A74-34027. A76-14318, A76-26524.
A 77- I 1489, A 77- 16240, A 77-23201, A 77-3 715 j S
A77-37/54,
N71-20638, N71-25267, N73- 17946, N73-33320
OGO 6, Masley N75-32651.
B 16248-000.
PS: ~72-24957,~ 7 3 - 1 5 5 3 8 ,~73-29975,~ 7 4 - 1 2 6 4 5 ,
A 74-36747, A 75-12453.
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Low-Energy Solar
Cosmic-Ray
Measurement PC: N70-11727.
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-19
O M : A74-29960. A74-30667, A77-23987, A77-25/83.
N76-10610, N77-23648.
BlBLlOGRAPHY
PM: A68-27616, A71-18158, A72-31965, A74-30263. OS: A72-45593. A73-25753. A74-36735, A76-28990.
N73-16795. N73-33321, N76-31814.
B 1 1181-000.

OGO 6, McKeown
OGO 6, Regener
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Energy Transfer Probe
for Atmospheric
Density
NSSDC I D ............................................. 69-051A-07 EXPERIMENT NAME _..___..._...__.......
Solar U V Survey,
1850 - 3500 A
BI BLlOG RAPHY NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-10

PM: A66-15922. A69-36680.

N71-20207, N74-25869, N74-74659. BIBLIOGRAPHY
820296-000, 820953-000, B20954-000.
PM: N77-86268.
PS: N74-10255.
820297-000.
I v-20
 SPACECRAFT AND EXPERIMENT LITERATURE REFERENCES

OGO 6, Sharp BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A71-33762, A73-11904, A73-15533, A73-19255,
A74- 18376, A 7 5 4 1853. A 75-12439, A 75-28356,
EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Microphone A76-22105, A77-16240. A77-42297.
Atmospheric Density N71-25265, N74-16064.
Gauge
NSSDC I D ........................................... 69-051A-01 PS A71-43166, A74-14224.
OM: A 77-34326.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OS A74-28723, A 75-20360.
PM: A72-26407, A74-14219.
N72-28467, N72-32390.

OS: A71-33802, A74-23676.

OGO 6, Williams

EXPERIMENT NAME _._..__....._._.......

Trapped and
OGO 6, Smith Precipitating Electrons,
GSFC
NSSDC ID ........................................... 69-051A-17

EXPERIMENT NAME .........._.__........

Triaxial Search-Coil BIBLIOGRAPHY
Magnetometer
NSSDC ID ........................................... 69-051A-22 PM: A68-34540, A69-36676, A74-14848, A76-36276
I
OM: A76-22105.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OS N74-16072.
PM: A69-36675, A72-19148, A74-24766, A74-34038,
A74-44202, A75-23716, A76-16507, A77-31391.

PC: B21207-000.

OM: A 75- 131 76, A 77-34326.

OS A72-21189, A75-36988.

OGO 6 , Stone

EXPERIMENT NAME ...................... Cosmic-Ray Experiment

NSSDC 1D ........................................... 69-051A-20

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PM: A68-27615, A71-22801, A73-15526, A73-24727,

A74-30187, A74-30190.
N72-27829, N72-29818. N73- 15837, N73-33777,
N74-21466.
B10763-000

PS: A72-21510, A72-39401.

OGO 6, Taylor

EXPERIMENT NAME .........__....._._...

Ion Mass Spectrometer,
GSFC
NSSDC ID ............................................ 69-05 1A-05

1v-21
 V. Additional Literature Citations and Abstracts

An updated version of the OGO program bibliography has been given in Section I V of this Supple-
ment in terms of accession numbers. The accession numbers that did not appear in the bibliography for
the original OGO Program Summary have been shown in italics. The literature citations and abstracts cor-
responding to the new (italicized) accession numbers are given in this section.
The accession number at the beginning of a citation is a unique number assigned for identification
to each document processed into the NASA system. The letter starting an accession number indicates
the series to which it belongs, and the two-digit number immediately following the letter consists of
the last two digits of the year in which the document was processed.
A . Literature Cited in IAA
The “A” at the beginning of these accession numbers represents a series announced in International
Aerospace Abstracts ( I A A ) . This series contains journal articles and books, meeting papers and
conference proceedings issued by professional societies and academic organizations, and translations
of journals. N o meeting papers are used in the OGO Bibliography unless the actual written paper is
available through the professional society or a document distribution center.

- --
.A63-2152Rt
-I
THE ENGINEERING D E S I G N O F T H E O R B I T I N G
GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORIES.
G . J . Gleghorn (Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.,
Redondo Beach, Calif.) 1963 26 p (NASA, American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and American
Astronautical Society, Symposium on Scientific Satellites-
Mission and Design, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 27, 1962.) In:
Scientific Satellites. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences,
vol. 12. Edited by Irving E. Jeter. North Hollywood, Calif.,
Western Periodicals Co., 1963, p. 149-174.
(NSSDC-I D-64-054A-WPC; NSSDC-ID-65-08 IA-WPC)
Description of the systems and subsystems design of the
OGO, an attitude-stabilized spacecraft designed to provide
support for 150 Ib of scientific experiments when placed in
a variety of orbits around earth. The spacecraft incorporates
an active thermal-control system, a wideband telemetry system
with both real-time and data-storage capability, and a silicon
solar-cell power supply. Stabilization techniques provide for
specific orientations which are part of experiment
requirements, and for removal of sensors when necessary
from the immediate vicinity of the spacecraft. The system
test station and checkout provisions are detailed, and the
completed mobile ground-support station is illustrated.
___-_
A 69- Z 19R5*
MAGNETIC EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH
AT FREQUENCIES NEAR 100 HZ.
R. E. Holzer, C. T. Russell (California, U., tnst. of Geophysics
their relation to solar activity are discussed. X-ray images
of the sun are presented. Investigations of location, size,
and morphology of the X-ray emitting regions are considered.
A picture of the solar-flare mechanism as it emerges on the
basis of the obtained data is given. G.R.
A70-34943*
SOLAR X-RAY CONTROL O F THE E-LAYER OF THE
IONOSPHERE
P. R. Sengupta (Iowa, U., Iowa City, Iowa) Jul. 1970 10 p
ref In: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol.
32, p. 1273-1282.
(Grants NSG-233-62; NGR- 16-001-002)
Investigation of solar X-ray control of the E-layer of
the ionosphere, with calculation of electron production rates
between 100 and 140 km above the earth due to 31 to 100 A
solar X-ray flux extrapolated from X-ray data to show that
about 70% of the E-layer ionization is contributed by the
X-rays. Calculated E-layer electron densities due to solar
X-ray flux on two typical days are compared with the E-layer
electron density profile. Effective recombination coefficients
of the layer calculated from the term coefficients are in
agreement with accepted values. F.R.L.
.A7 1-1.-
.. . 2761
.-.
THERMAL RUNAWAY A S THE SOLAR FLARE
TRIGGER MECHANISM
S. W. Kahler and R. W. Kredin (U.S. Navv. E. 0. Hulburt
Center for Space Research, Washington, D.’C.) Oct. 1970
~

and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, Calif.), and E. J. Smith
(California Inst. of Tech., Jet Propulsion Lab.. Pasadena,
Calif.) I Jun. 1969 IO p refs In: Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 74, p. 3027-3036.
(Contract JPL-950403)
Report of intense, sporadic bursts of narrow-band
magnetic noise in the earth’s magnetosheath at frequencies
near I 0 0 Hz. The bursts have peak signal amplitudes of
tenths of gammas, and durations from less than one second
to tens of seconds. It is concluded that the signals are probably
transverse electromagnetic waves propagating within the
magnetosheath in the whistler mode, and may provide
evidence concerning wave-particle instabilities in the turbulent
magnetosheath plasma.
A70-16719#
SOLAR X-RAYS - DEVELQPING BACKGROUND FOR
COMPREHENSIVE THEORY
R. W. Kreplin (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D. C.) Dec. 1969 8 p ref In:
Astronautics and Aeronautics, vol. 7, p. 58-65.
Study of solar-activity phenomena based on observations
of solar X-ray emission. Techniques developed to measure
X-ray spectra are described, and solar X-ray spectra and
Note: An asterisk (*) denotes a NASA supported document. A pound sign (#)denotes microfiche availability.
12 p refs I n Solar Physics, vol. 14, p. 372-383.
(Grant NSF GP-I 1406)
It is postulated that the solar flare ’trigger’ mechanism
is a thermal runaway which occurs i n the inner corona.
This runaway is the result of a radiative power function
which decreases with increasing temperature. Relationships
of the onsets of H alpha flares, hard X-ray, soft X-ray and
centimeter radio bursts are consistent with the model. Flares
are shown to be common solar phenomena which occur
preferentially in hot and dense active regions. Author
A71-20944
O N THE EXISTENCE O F SOLAR-FLARE PLASMAS O F
TEMPERATURE GREATER THAN .1 BILLION DEG K
S. Kahler (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D. C.) I Mar. 1971 4 p refs In:
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 164, pt. I, p. 365-368.
(Grant NSF GP-20117)
The steady-state rate of energy loss from a solar-flare
plasma at . I billion deg K as proposed by Chubb to explain
hard X-ray observations is considered. For large electron
densities (greater than or equal to IO billion per cu cm),
the total energy requirement is shown to be excessively large;
and for small densities (less than 10 billion per cu cm), the
v-1
A7 1-33663
distribution of electron energies may not be thermally
relaxed. Author
A7 1-33663#
RING CURRENT A S Y M M E T R Y [K A S l M M E T R l l
KO L'TSEVOGO TOK AI
IA. I . Feldshtein and 0. A. Troshichev Jun. 1971 5 ,p
refs In RUSSIAN. In: Kosmicheskie
Issledovaniia, vol. 9, p. 408-412.
Proton measurements in a ring current carried out on
Sept. 8, 1966 by the OGO-3 satellite are compared with
geomagnetic field data of low-latitude and high-latitude
observations. A geomagnetic field depression linked with the
occurrence of ring current protons is established by low-
latitude observations over a period from 3 to 4 U T in the
nightfall and day sectors. Intensive polar magnetic disturb-
ances occurred simultaneously at high latitudes. V.Z.
All-33964%
OBSERVATIONS O F THE 0 I 1304-A AIRGLOW FROM
OGO 4
R. R. Meier (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D. C.) and D. K. Prinz (U.S. Navy,
E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Washington, D. C.)
I Jul. 1971 13 p refs In: Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 76, p. 4608-4620.
(NASA Order S-323274; Grants NSF GP-11336; NSF
GP-21346)
Summary of the main features of the atomic oxygen
1304-A day airglow as observed from the OGO 4 spacecraft.
The subsolar emission rates from the nadir lie in the range
from IO to 17 kR for August 1967 and vary approximately
as the cosine of the solar zenith angle. Day-to-day variations
(for observations fixed relative to the sun) can typically be
of the order of IO to 20% and occasionally as much as 40%
over a period of several days. Long-term variations (of the
order of weeks) correlate with solar activity. Photoelectron
impact excitation of atomic oxygen is apparently the only
process sufficient to account for the observed emission rates.
Resonant scattering of sunlight is too small to account for
the observations. Author
A7 1-40425
T H E O B S E R V A T I O N O F N O N T H E R M A L SOLAR
X-RADIATION IN T H E ENERGY RANGE 3 LESS THAN
E LESS THAN 10 KEV
S. W. Kahler and R. W. Kreplin ( U S Navy, E. 0. Hulburt
Center for Space Research, Washington, D. C.) 15 Sep.
1971 I I p refs In: Astrophysical Journal, vol. 168, pt. I ,
p. 531-541.
(Grant NSF GP-20117)
Analysis of the low-energy (3 to IO keV) X-ray spectra
observed during solar impulsive bursts of E greater than
IO keV X-rays reported by Kane and Anderson (1970). In
two of these bursts the total low-energy X-ray emission can
be separated into thermal and nonthermal components. The
inferred nonthermal electron spectrum is discussed in relation
to acceleration by electric fields. The electron spectrum allows
a determination of the minimum value of the ratio of electric
field strength to electron density. Author
A7 143849*
MAGNETIC FIELDS, B R E M S S T R A H L U N G AND
SYNCHROTRON EMISSION IN THE FLARE O F 24
OCTOBER 1969
G. Pruss (Big Bear Observatory, Pasadena, Calif.), J. Vorpahl
(California, U., Berkeley, Calif.), and H. Zirin Sep. 1971
9 p ref In: Solar Physics, vol. 19, p. 463-471.
(Contract NAS5-9094 Grants NGR-05-002-034;
NG L-05-003-017; NSF G A-24015)
An impulsive flare Oct. 24, 1969, produced two bursts
with virtually identical time profiles of 8800 MHz emission
and X-rays above 48 keV. The two spikes of hard X-rays
correspond in time to the times of sharp brightening and
expansion in the H alpha flare. The first burst was not
observed at frequencies below 3000 MHz. This cutoff is
v-2
ascribed to plasma cutoff above the lowlying flare. A model
of the flare based on H alpha observations at Big Bear
shows that the density of electrons with energy above IO
keV is 5 x IO to the 7th power if the field density is IO to
the 1 Ith power. The observed radio flux would be produced
by this electron distribution with the observed field of 200
G. The H alpha emission accompanying the hard electron
acceleration is presumed to be due to excitation of the field
atoms by the hard electrons. Author
A72-20013
E V I D E N C E THAT SOLAR X-RAY EMISSION I S O F
PURELY THERMAL ORIGIN (ALSO OBSERVATION O F
FAR UV FLASH DURING 28 AUGUST 1966 PROTON
FLARE).
T. A. Chubb (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D . C . ) 1972 20 p refs In:
Solar-terrestrial physics/ 1970 Proceedings of the Interna-
tional Symposium, Leningrad, USSR, May 11-19. 1970,
Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co.,
X-ray emission from the sun, as thus far observed, is
fully interpretable as thermal plasma emission from sets of
hot plasmas at different temperatures. Solar minimum
conditions are characterized by the presence of only a few
plage regions, which dominate X-ray emission below 20 A.
Activity events under these conditions can cause a large
increase in flux below 20 A in coincidence with a decrease
in emission between 44 and 60 A, as the silicon and magnesium
ions that dominate 44-60 A emission move to higher stages
of ionization. Under flare conditions, temperatures rise to
the 10-30 million degree regime, with the higher temperature
portions of the plasma dominating the shorter wavelength
portions of the spectrum. Thus, flare temperatures calculated
from the ratio of SiXV and SiXVl lines are slightly higher
than values calculated from the SiXIll and SiXlV lines, and
no major discrepancy exists between these temperatures and
temperatures calculated from X-ray continuum emission in
the 4-6 A part of the spectrum. (Author)
A72-29722
ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND EMISSION MEA-
SURE VARIATIONS DURING SOLAR X-RAY FLARES.
D. M . Horan (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D.C.) Dec. 1971 IO p refs Solar
Physics, vol. 21, Dec. 1971, p. 188-197.
X-ray emission from seventeen X-ray flares was analyzed
to obtain electron temperatures a n d emission measures
associated with the source region in the solar corona. The
source region was assumed to be isothermal with a Maxwellian
electron velocity distribution. Flares which were characterized
by a rapid initial X-ray flux increase were found to also
have a rapid initial rise in electron temperature and emission
measure. Flares which were characterized by a gradual initial
X-ray energy flux increase were found to have a less rapid
initial rise in electron temperature and emission measure. In
all X-ray flares studied the peak temperature chronologically
preceded the peak X-ray flux and the peak flux never came
after the peak emission measure. (Author)
Al2-3 1937% #
FOUR YEARS O F DUST PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS
IN CISLUNAR AND SELENOCENTRIC SPACE FROM
LUNAR EXPLORER 35 AND O G O 3.
W. M. Alexander, J. C. Smith (Baylor University, Waco,
Tex.), C. W. Arthur (California, University, Los Angeles,
Calif.), and J. L. Bohn (Temple University, Philadelphia,
Pa.) May 1972 17 p refs COSPAR, Plenary Meeting,
15th. Madrid, Spain, May 10-24, 1972, Paper. 17 p.
(Grant N G R-39-012-00 1 )
Since July 1967, knowledge concerning the distributions
of picogram size particulate matter in selenocentric space
has been obtained from the Lunar Explorer 35 dust particle
experiment. For almost 40% of the time, the mean sporadic
cumulative flux is quite similar to the flux in interplanetary
space. However, there a r e fluctuations of an order of
magnitude during major meteor showers. The coincident

increase of the flux in selenocentric space during the shower
periods has been observed for the fourth year. The 100-
picogram sensor does not show an increase during shower
times, indicating a mass threshold of less than 100 picograms
for particles with velocities equal to or greater than lunar
escape velocity. The flux values from Lunar Explorer 35
a r e compared t o other long-lifetime measurements in
selenocentric, cislunar and interplanetary space with excellent
agreement for masses less than one nanogram. (Author)
A72-32790.
LOCATION O F THE ELECTRON A C C E L E R A T I O N
REGION IN SOLAR FLARES.
S. R. Kane and R. P. Lin (California, University, Berkeley,
Calif.) Apr. 1972 IO p refs Solar Physics, vol. 23, Apr.
1912.
. . D. 451-466.
(Coit;acts- NAS5-9094; NAS5-9091; Grant
NG
~ _ L-05-003-0
_
~~ ~~. 17)
..
Observations of impulsive solar flare X rays (energy
greater than IO keV) by the OGO-5 satellite and the
measurements of energetic solar electrons made with the
Explorer-35 and Expiorer-41 (IMP-5) satellites during the
period March 1968-September 1969 have been analyzed in
order to determine the ion density in the X-ray source region
as well as the location of the electron acceleration region in
the solar atmosphere. The ion density in the X-ray source
region varies from event to event and lies between 1 and
100 billion ions per cu cm for those events in which the
impulsive X-ray emission could be detected; for those events
in which no impulsive emission was detected above threshold,
the ion density in the X-ray source was less than one billion
ions per cu cm. At least in some small solar flares, the
region where the electrons are accelerated during the flash
phase is located in the lower corona. (Author)
A72-39543*
ELECTRIC F I E L D S IN T H E I O N O S P H E R E AND
MAGNETOSPHERE.
N. C . Maynard (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Space Physics, Greenbelt, Md.) 1972 14 p
refs In: Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Proceedings
of the Advanced Study Institute, Dalseter, Norway, April
14-23, 1971. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1912, p. 155-168.
Review of current techniques for measuring ionospheric
and magnetospheric electric fields and existing measure-
ments. Considerable progress in understanding electric fields
has been made in the auroral regions where fields originating
basically from convection patterns in the magnetosphere
and modified by ionospheric interaction have been detected
by both the barium ion cloud and double floating probe
techniques and have been compared against predictions. The
anticorrelation of electric fields and auroral arcs, the
establishment of the auroral electrojet currents as Hall
currents, the irregular nature of the electric fields, and the
reversal of the electric fields between the eastward and
westward electrojet regions have been some of the important
observations. Recent barium ion cloud observations in the
polar cap have indicated that the long assumed electrojet
return current across the polar cap does not exist. (Author)
A72-42515*#
NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS I N DAYTIME - CIR-
C 1 J M P O I . A R P A R T I C U L A T E LAYERS NEAR THE
SUMMER MESOPAUSE.
T. M. Donahue, B. Guenther (Pittsburgh, University,
Pittsburgh, Pa.), and J. E. Blamont (Paris, Universite, Faculte
des Sciences, Parts, France) Sep. 1972 5 p refs Journal
of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 29, Sept. 1972, p. 1205-
1209.
(Contract NASS-5 11077)
A72-44511*
BINARY INDEX FOR ASSESSING LOCAL BOW SHOCK
OBLIQUITY.
E. W. Greenstadt (TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach,
A73- 15333
Calif.) 1 Oct. 1972 13 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 77, Oct. I, 1972, p. 5467-5479.
(Contract NASw-2186)
The earth’s collisionless plasma bow shock has, overall,
a nonuniform structure whose magnetic profile is simultan-
eously that of a monotonic or laminar perpendicular shock
and of a multigradient oblique shock, depending on the
local orientation of the interplanetary field to the nominal
shock surface. A ‘pulsation index’ Ip has been devised from
empirical results to provide a simple convenient means of
assessing the probable local character of the shock’s structure;
Ip = 0 o r I, according to whether local field geometry
favors perpendicular or oblique structure, respectively, at a
chosen point of observation on the nominal shock surface.
(Author)
A73-13709*
RECENT SATELLITE M E A S U R E M E N T S O F T H E
MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS O F THE PLASMA-
SPHERE.
C. R. Chappell (Lockheed Research Laboratories, Palo Alto,
Calif.) Nov. 1972 29 p refs Reviews of Geophysics and
Space Physics, vol. IO, Nov. 1972, p. 951-979. Research
supported by the Lockheed Independent Research Fund.
(Contract NAS5-9092)
T h e characteristic morphology and dynamics of the
plasmasphere vary with local time and with geomagnetic
conditions. On the nightside the plasmapause position
changes predictably with changing magnetic activity. Once
established at a specific L-shell value, the steep density
gradient on the nightside corotates into the dayside, where
filling from the ionosphere takes place. In the duskside bulge
region the characteristic density profile inside the plasma-
pause displays a smooth decrease proportional to I/R to
the fourth power where R is radial distance. Plasmasphere
morphology and dynamics can be understood in terms of
a time-varying convection electric-field model of the
magnetosphere that includes the bulge region as part of the
main circulation pattern of the plasmasphere. (Author)
A73- 13879.
THERMAL IONS I N THE MAGNETOSPHERE.
C. R. Chappell (Lockheed Research Laboratories, Palo Alto,
Calif.) 1972 I 1 p refs In: Earth’s magnetospheric processes;
Proceedings of the Symposium, Cortina, Italy, August
30-September IO, 1971. Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co.,
1972, p. 280-290.
(Contract NAS5-9092)
The distribution and dynamics of thermal (approximately
1 eV) plasma are of fundamental importance for understand-
ing many magnetospheric processes. Above the ionosphere
the bulk of the thermal plasma is found in the plasmasphere,
which displays varying characteristics in the different LT
regions. These different characteristics are reviewed with
specific interest placed on the H ( + ) ion density profiles,
since the H ( + ) ions are the main component of the
plasmasphere. Plasmasphere dynamics and morphology can
be explained in terms of a time-varying convection model
of the magnetosphere which incorporates the bulge region
as part of the main flow pattern of the plasmasphere.
(Author)
A73- l5333*#
ELECTRIC FIELDS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE.
J. P. Heppner (NASA, G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Md.) 1972 16 p ref In: Critical problems of
magnetospheric physics; Proceedings of the Symposium,
Madrid, Spain, May 11-13. 1972. Washington, D.C., IUCSTP
Secretariat, 1972, p. 107-120; Discussion, p. 121, 122.
Two techniques, tracking the motions of Ba( +) clouds
and measuring the differences i n floating potential between
symmetric double probes, have been highly successful in:
( I ) demonstrating the basic convective nature of magneto-
spheric electric fields, (2) mapping the global patterns of
convection at upper ionosphere levels, and (3) revealing the
physics of electric currents i n the ionosphere and the
v-3
A73-26984
importance of magnetosphere-ionosphere feedback in
altering the imposed convection. T h e basic pattern of
anti-solar convection across the polar cap and night toward
day convection in both the evening and morning sectors at
auroral belt latitudes persists at all levels of activity. The
dawn-dusk potential drop across the polar cap (anti-solar
convection) ranges from 20 to I 0 0 kilovolts with the most
typical values in the center of this range. The sum of morning
and evening (night toward day convection) potential drops
in the adjacent auroral belts roughly equals the polar cap
drop in the opposite sense as expected. (Author)
Al3-26984;
PLASMASPHERIC HISS.
R. M. Thorne, R. K. Burton, R. E. Holzer (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.), and E. J. Smith (California
Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Calif.) I Apr. 1973 16 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 78, Apr. 1, 1973, p. 1581-1596.
(Contracts NAS7-100, JPL-950403; Grants
NGR-05-007-276; NSF GA-28045; )
A relatively steady band of ELF hiss has been detected
by the OGO 5 search coil magnetometer o n almost every
passage through the plasmasphere; except for an anomalous
region of the dayside at high geomagnetic latitudes, the
emissions terminate abruptly at the plasmapause and are
therefore referred to as ‘plasmaspheric hiss.’ A preliminary
statistical study of the properties of the observed whistler
mode turbulence has yielded the following characteristics:
the waves are band limited with a sharp lower-frequency
cutoff and a more diffuse upper-frequency cutoff; power
spectra show a well-defined maximum near a few hundred
hertz, the peak intensities generally ranging between IO to
the minus 7th power and O.oooO1 gamma squared/Hz; the
wave energy is spread over a bandwidth of a few hundred
Hertz, and corresponding wideband amplitudes are 5 to 50
milligamma; the waves are highly turbulent in nature and
show little tendency toward definite polarization. (Author)
A73-3
~ ~
177. .I
~.
CORRELATION OF ‘SATELLITE ESTIMATES’ O F THE
E Q U A T 0 RIA L E LE C T R O J E T I N T E N S l T Y WITH
GROUND OBSERVATIONS AT ADDIS ABABA.
P. Gouin (Haile Selassie I University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)
Jun. 1973 8 p (International Symposium on Equatorial
Aeronomy, 4th. Ibadan, Nigeria, Sept. 4-9, 1972.) Journal
of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 35, June 1973,
p. 1257-1264.
Of the 2000 OGO-4 and OGO-6 equatorial passes, 112
were within IO deg either side of Addis Ababa. Twenty-five
passes happened during magnetically quiet periods when the
index Ap was less than 4. Correlations were sought between
the effect of the equatorial electrojet at satellite altitude and
ground measurements. When the ground values Delta-H (AA)
were read at the LT corresponding to the local time at the
longitude of the satellite, the correlation is very good for 80
per cent of the observations. The inverse slope of the ground
effect versus satellite effect is about 3.8 for Addis Ababa. A
Delta-H (AA) threshold of about 40 gammas was found
below which the satellite did not register any electrojet
effect. (Author)
v-4
A73-33434;
ELECTRON PRECIPITATION PATTERNS AND
SUBSTORM MORPHOLOGY.
R. A. Hoffman and J. L. Burch (NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Jun. 1973 18 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 78, June I, 1973, p.
2867-2884.
(NSSDC-ID-67-073A- I I-PM)
Statistical analysis of data from the auroral particles
experiment aboard O G O 4, performed in a statistical
framework interpretable in terms of magnetospheric substorm
morphology, both spatial and temporal. Patterns of
low-energy electron precipitation observed by polar satellites
are examined as functions of substorm phase. The implications
of the precipitation boundaries identifiable at the low-latitude
edge of polar cusp electron precipitation and at the
poleward edge of precipitation in the premidnight sector
are discussed. M.V.E.
A 73-361 50%
NEUTRAL WIND VELOCITIES CALCULATED FROM
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS DURING A
MAGNETIC STORM AND THE OBSERVED
IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS.
0. P . Saxena and K . K . Mahajan (National Physical
Laboratory, New Delhi, India) May 1973 17 p COSPAR,
Plenary Meeting, 16th. Konstanz, West G e r m a n y , M a y
23-June 5, 1973, Paper. 17 p.
A73-45114;
H I G H - L A T I T U D E P R O T O N PRECIPITATION AND
LIGHT I O N D E N S I T Y P R O F I L E S D U R I N G T H E
MAGNETIC STORM INITIAL PHASE.
J. L. Burch (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Space Physics, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Oct. 1973
IO p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 78, Oct.
1, 1973, p. 6569-6578.
(NSSDC-ID-67-073A-1 I-PM; NSSDC-ID-67-073A-16-OS;
NSSDC-ID-67-073A- 19-PM; NSSDC-ID-69-05 I A-05-0s)
Measurements of precipitating protons and light ion
densities by experiments on OGO 4 indicate that widespread
proton precipitation occurs in predawn hours during the
magnetic storm initial phase from the latitude of the
high-latitude ion trough, or plasmapause, up to latitudes
greater than 75 deg. A softening of the proton spectrum is
apparent as the plasmapause is approached. The separation
of the low-latitude precipitation boundaries for 7.3-keV and
23.8-keV protons is less than about 1 deg, compared with a
3.6-deg separation that has been computed by using the
formulas of Gendrin and Eather and Carovillano.
Consideration of probable proton drift morphology leads to
the conclusion that protons are injected in predawn hours,
widespread precipitation occurring in the region outside the
plasmapause. Protons less energetic than 7 keV drift eastward,
whereas the more energetic protons drift westward, producing
the observed dawn-dusk asymmetry for the lower-energy
protons. (Author)
A7411523
VERTICAL RED LINE 6300 A DISTRIBUTION A N D
TROPICAL NIGHTGLOW MORPHOLOGY IN QUIET

MAGNETIC CONDITIONS
G. Thuillier and J. E. Blamont (CNRS, Service d'Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France) 1973 13 p refs In:
Physics and chemistry of upper atmospheres; Proceedings
of the Symposium, Orleans, France, July 31-August 11, 1972.
Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1973, p. 219-231.
A74-12645'
THEORY OF T H E PHASE ANOMALY IN T H E
THERMOSPHERE
H. G. Mayr, I. Harris, and H. Volland (NASA, Goddard
Space Flight Center, Thermosphere and Exosphere Branch,
Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Nov. 1973 I O p ref Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 78, Nov. I , 1973, p. 7480-7489.
Discussion of the temperature-density phase anomaly o n
i the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional model in which the
p, thermosphere dynamics associated with wind circulation is
considered i n a self-consistent form. Included in this analysis
a r e the first three harmonics, which involve nonlinear
coupling between diurnal and semidiurnal tides. It is shown
that the phase anomaly with exospheric temperature peaks
near 1600 LT and mass density peaks between 1400 and
1445 LT can be reproduced in a self-consistent theory without
invoking ad hoc assumptions and boundary conditions that
would mask the physical processes to be explored. A number
of factors and processes are found to contribute to the phase
anomaly, including the semidiurnal and particularly t h e
terdiurnal components, heat advection, diffusion, and energy
coupling with the lower atmosphere. A.B.K.
A74-14224'
DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN
NON-UNIFORM ROTATING PLANETARY
EXOSPHERES WITH APPLICATIONS TO EARTH
R. E. Hartle ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Dec.
1973 15 p refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 21,
Dec. 1973, p. 2123-2137.
A74-14270'
M A G N E T O S P H E R I C F I E L D M O R P H O L O G Y AT
MAGNETICALLY QUIET TIMES
M. Sugiura (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Space Physics, Greenbelt, Md.) Nov. 1973
7 p (AGU. NCAR. and NOAA, C h a p m a n Memorial
Symposium on Magnetospheric Motions, Boulder, Colo.,
June 18-22, 1973.) Radio Science, vol. 8, Nov. 1973, p.
921-927.
Review of the magnetospheric morphology, using the
method of the Delta B topology, where Delta B is the
difference between the observed and a reference field. It is
confirmed that Delta B continuously decreases inward to
close distances from the earth at all local times. Extrapolating
the statistical relation between Dst at the ground and the
equatorial Delta B obtained from OGO-5 near perigee, it is
shown that Dst is 54 gammas, when Delta B is zero at
approximately 2 to 3 earth radii. Conversely, for a
magnetically quiet condition as defined by Dst = 0, the
average equatorial Delta B at these distances is -45
gammas. These results demonstrate the significance of the
effects of the magnetospheric equatorial current that exists
even at quiet times. A preliminary study of inclination shows
that the field lines on the dusk side are more stretched out
than on the dawn side. A comparison of declination on
both sides indicates that the bending of the field lines toward
the tail is greater near dusk than near dawn. These results
suggest an appreciable dawn-dusk asymmetry in the
configuration of the inner magnetospheric field. A.B.K.
A74-14272'
H I G H L A T I T U D E E L E C T R I C F I E L D S AND T H E
MODULATIONS RELATED TO I N T E R P L A N E T A R Y
MAGNETIC FIELD PARAMETERS
J . P. H e p p n e r ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
A7423676
Laboratory for Space Physics, Greenbelt, Md.) Nov. 1973
16 p refs (AGU, NCAR, and NOAA, Chapman Memorial
Symposium on Magnetospheric Motions, Boulder, Colo.,
J u n e 18-22, 1973.) Radio Science, vol. 8, Nov. 1973, p.
933-948.
The meaning and characteristics of basic and average
convection (Le., electric field) patterns are described. The
continuous existence of the basic convection pattern argues
against treating magnetic field merging mechanisms as the
fundamental cause of magnetospheric convection. However,
whether related to merging or to some other mechanism,
interplanetary magnetic field conditions significantly modulate
the distribution, magnitudes, and boundaries of the convection
pattern. A previous correlation between azimuthal angles of
the interplanetary magnetic field and asymmetries in polar
cap electric field distributions as seen by OGO-6 is
reviewed. A new approach is taken t o reveal correlations
with the north-south angle and magnitude of the
interplanetary field as well as additional features which
correlate with the azimuthal angle. Both significant
correlations and conditions which show a lack of correlation
are found. Several aspects of the correlations appear to be
particularly important. (Author)
A74-14285'
S U B S T O R M S IN S P A C E - T H E C O R R E L A T I O N
BETWEEN GROUND AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS
OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD
R. L. McPherron, C. T. Russell, M. G. Kivelson, and P. J.
Coleman, Jr. (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
Nov. 1973 18 p refs (AGU, NCAR, and NOAA, Chapman
Memorial Symposium on Magnetospheric Motions, Boulder,
Colo., June 18-22. 1973.) Radio Science, vol. 8, Nov. 1973,
p. 1059-1076.
(Grant NGL-05-007-004; Contract N00014-69-4016; Grant
NSF GA-34148X; )
Several of the events criticized by Akasofu (1972) are
reexamined. It is concluded that there is no simple one-to-one
relationship between polar magnetic substorms and
magnetospheric substorms as defined by midlatitude
magnetograms. It appears that in some cases polar
magnetic substorms occur during the growth phase of a
magnetospheric substorm. Magnetospheric observations are
more systematically organized by midlatitude onsets than
by auroral zone onsets. The determination of onset times
is discussed together with the determination of substorm
similarity, the phenomenological model of magnetic variations
during magnetospheric substorms, the event of February 25,
1967, and the complex event of February 13, 1968. G.R.
A74-23676'
RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF
NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURE FROM
SATELLITE DRAG MEASUREMENTS
M. Roemer (Bonn, Universitaet, Bonn, West Germany) Feb.
1974 7 p ref (Union Radio Scientifique Internationale,
Symposium on Incoherent Scatter, Tromso, Norway, June
12-16, 1973.) Radio Science, vol. 9, Feb. 1974, p. 223-229.
Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie
(Contract NASI-I 1707-19)
(BMBW-WRK-226; BMBW-SE-1 I )
Observational results on the density in the thermosphere
and lower exosphere (it., within the altitude range from
about 150 to about IO00 km) are discussed in this paper.
Most observational results on total gas density were obtained
from orbital drag and more recently also from in-situ drag
analysis. The primary parameter measured is atmospheric
density, with temperature as a secondary structural parameter
deduced with the help of theory a n d / o r atmospheric
models. Both the merits and shortcomings of the drag analysis
method are outlined in view of a comparison of temperature
deduced from total density and kinetic gas temperature
measured by incoherent scatter. Recent improvements of our
knowledge of the known density variations are presented.
(Author)
v-5
A74-24759
.A7624759*
_. ~ A7430660
ON THE LOCAL TIME DEPENDENCE O F THE BOW
SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE
J. V. Olson and R. E. Holzer (California, University, Los
Angeles, Calif.) I Mar. 1974 9 p ref Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 79. Mar. I , 1974, p. 939-947. Research
supported by the National Research Council of Canada,
(Grant NGR-05-007-276; Contract JPL-950403)
I n the first 6 months after its launch, OGO 3 crossed
the earth’s bow shock over 500 times. From this group, a
set of 494 shock crossings were chosen for analysis. These
crossings, as they were recorded by the UCLA/JPL search
coil magnetometer, were scanned and classified according
to the nature of the plasma waves detected near the shock.
More than 85% of the shocks detected fell into a single
category showing the predominance of two independent wave
trains near the shock, the higher frequency appearing
upstream and the lower downstream. The other 15%. which
constitute an upper limit, appear to be composed of shocks
dominated by a single wave pattern and of chaotic shocks
showing no orderly progression of wave frequencies as the
shock was penetrated. This division of wave pattern was
found to occur at all local times, that is, in all regions
where the satellite penetrated the shock. (Author)
A7428723
EXOSPHERIC MODELS OF THE TOPSIDE
IONOSPHERE
J. Lemaireand M. Scherer (Institut d’Aeronomie Spatiale
de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium) Mar. 1974 50 p Space
Science Reviews, vol. 15. Mar. 1974, p. 591-640.
The historical evolution of the study of escape of light
gases from planetary atmospheres is delineated, and the
application of kinetic theory to the ionosphere is discussed.
Ionospheric plasma becomes collisionless above the ion
exobase, which is located near 1000 km altitude in the trough
and polar regions and coincides with the plasmapause at
lower latitudes. When the boundary conditions at conjugate
points of a closed magnetic field line are different,
interhemispheric particle fluxes exist from the high
temperature point to the low temperature point, and from
the point of larger concentrations to the point of smaller
concentrations. Therefore the charge separation electric field
in the exospheres is no longer given by the
Pannekoek-Rosseland field. For nonuniform number densities
and temperatures at the exobase, the observed r to the minus
4th power variation of the equatorial density distribution is
recovered in the calculated density distributions. Taking
account of plasma-sheet particle precipitation does not change
the electric field and ionospheric ion distributions very much,
a t least for reasonable densities and temperatures of the
plasma-sheet electrons and protons. (Author)
A7430187*#
MEASUREMENTS OF THE COSMIC-RAY Be/B RATIO
AND THE AGE OF COSMIC R A Y S
J. W. Brown, E. C. Stone, and R. E. Vogt (California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.) 1974 6 p refs In:
International Cosmic Ray Conference, 13th. Denver, Colo.,
August 17-30, 1973, Proceedings. Volume 1. Denver,
University of Denver, 1974, p. 484-489. NSF-supported
research;
(Contract NAS5-9312; Grant NGR-05-002-160)
The ratio Be/B depends on whether the confinement
time of cosmic rays in the Galaxy is long or short compared
to the radioactive half-life of Be-IO. We report observations
of this ratio which were obtained with a dE/dx-Cerenkov
detector launched into a polar orbit on OGO-6 as part of
the Caltech Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Experiment. Be/B
ratios were determined for various rigidity thresholds up to
15 GV. We find no statistically significant rigidity dependence
of the ratio, which is 0.41 plus or minus 0.02 when averaged
over all observed cutoffs. Additional calculations suggest that
if the present fragmentation parameters are correct, then
the lifetime of cosmic rays in the Galaxy is less then 10
m.y. (Author)
V-6
DETACHED PLASMA REGIONS IN THE
MAGNETOSPHERE
C. R. Chappell (California, University, La Jolla; Lockheed
Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, Calif.) 1 May 1974 IO p
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, May I , 1974,
p. 1861-1870.
(Contract N00014-73-C-0130)
Regions of high-density cold plasma have been observed
outside the plasmasphere in the plasma trough region of
the magnetosphere. These detached plasma regions may have
densities as high as several hundred ions per cubic centimeter
in the normally low-density plasma trough. The detached
plasma regions are found across the day side of the
magnetosphere, particular concentrations being in the
afternoon-dusk sector. T h e regions are located at the
plasmapause at dusk and progressively farther a w a y for
earlier local times in the early afternoon and morning.
Detached plasma regions are observed during moderate to
disturbed magnetic activity conditions. They exhibit a very
complex spatial structure with sizes varying from thousands
of kilometers down to less than 50 km in extent. The detached
regions may be generated by variations in the magnetospheric
convection electric field, which occurs during substorm
activity. (Author)
A7430667*
VARIATIONS IN THERMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION -
A MODEL BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETER AND
SATELLITE DRAG DATA
L. G . Jacchia (Harvard College Observatory and Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.) I May 1974
5 p Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, May 1, 1974,
p. 1923-1927.
(Grant NG R-09-0 15-002)
The seasonal-latitudinal and the diurnal variations of
composition observed by mass spectrometers o n the OGO 6
satellite are represented by two simple empirical formulas.
The formulas are of a very general nature and predict the
behavior of these variations at all heights and for all levels
of solar activity; they yield a satisfactory representation of
the corresponding variations in total density, a s derived
from satellite drag. I t is suggested that a seasonal variation
of hydrogen may explain the abnormally low hydrogen
densities at high northern latitudes i n July 1964. (Author)
A7430677*
A RELATION BETWEEN ELF HISS AMPLITUDE AND
PLASMA DENSITY IN THE OUTER PLASMASPHERE
K.-W. Chan. R. E. Holzer (California, University, Los Angles,
Calif.), and E. J. Smith (California Institute of Technology,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, Calif.) 1 May 1974
5 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, May
I, 1974, p. 1989-1993.
(Grant NGR-05-007-276; Contracts JPL-950403;
N00014-73-C-0130 )
Simultaneous observations of ELF hiss amplitude and
plasma density o n OGO 5 have been investigated. Passes
through the region of variable plasma density in the outer
plasmasphere have yielded a quantitative relation between
the hiss amplitude, the plasma density, and the plasma
density corresponding to the threshold of wave detection. It
is suggested that this dependence of wave amplitude on plasma
density is a source effect and is related to the wave-particle
interaction i n the outer plasmasphere that gives rise to hiss.
(Author)
A7436735
DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE NEUTRAL
THERMOSPHERIC W I N D S D E T E R M l N E D F R O M
INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR DATA
R. G . Roble (National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Boulder, Colo.), B. A. Emery (MIT, Cambridge, Mass.), J.
E. Salah (MIT, Lexington, Mass.), and P. B. Hays (Michigan,
University, Ann Arbor, Mich.) 1 Jul. 1974 9 p ref Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, July I , 1974, p.
2868-2876.

A technique is described to derive the pressure forces in
terms of the latitudinal and longitudinal variation of the
exospheric temperature that will reproduce the meastired
values of both the exospheric temperature and the wind
component along the geomagnetic field line when it is used
in a dynamic model of the neutral thermosphere. The
atmospheric response to various harmonic forcing functions
is determined from a three-dimensional dynamic model of
the neutral thermosphere, the ion drag being specified by
the electron density measurements. The calculated response
for a number of runs with the dynamic model is used to
construct the appropriate diurnal forcing function through
a least squares fit of the measured and calcuiated diurnal
variation of t h e longitudinal gradient of the exospheric
temperature and the neutral wind vector in the geomagnetic
declination direction. F.R.L.
A74-36747*
THERMOSPHERIC 'TEMPERATURES'
H. G. Mayr, 1. Harris, and N. W. Spencer (NASA, Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) I Jul. 1974 4 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, July 1, 1974. p.
2921-2924.
The present work attempts to illustrate some of the
differences one would expect to find between inferred
thermospheric temperatures (i.e., inferred from satellite drag
observation of mass density or from molecular nitrogen in
situ mass spectrometer measurements) and direct gas
temperature measurements (as have been made on board
the S a n M a r c o satellite). The various temperatures are
simulated with theoretical models for the diurnal and
annual variations in the thermosphere. P.T.H.
A74-37631.
NON-RELATIVISTIC SOLAR ELECTRONS
R. P. Lin (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.) Jul. 1974
68 p refs Space Science Reviews, vol. 16, June-July 1974,
p. 189-256.
(Grant NG L-05-003-0 17)
(NSSDC-ID-68-014A-04-OS)
Summary of both the direct spacecraft observations of
nonrelativistic solar electrons, and observations of the X-ray
and radio emission generated by these particles at the sun
and in the interplanetary medium. These observations bear
on three physical processes basic t o energetic particle
phenomena: ( I ) the acccleratioc of p a d c l e s i n tenunus
plasmas; (2) the propagation of energetic charged particles
in a disordered magnetic field, and (3) the interaction of
energetic charged particles with tenuous plasmas to produce
electromagnetic radiation. Because these electrons are
frequently accelerated and emitted by the sun, mostly in
small and relatively simple flares, it is possible to define a
detailed physical picture of these processes. In many small
solar flares nonrelativistic electrons accelerated during flash
phase constitute the bulk of the total flare energy. Thus the
basic flare mechanism in these flares essentially converts the
available flare energy into fast electrons. Nonrelativistic
electrons exhibit a wide variety of propagation modes in
the interplanetary medium, ranging from diffusive to
essentially scatter-free. This variability in the propagation
may be explained in terms of the distribution of interplanetary
magnetic field fluctuations. (Author)
A74-37632'
RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON EVENTS IN
INTERPLANETARY SPACE
G. M.Simnett (California, University, Riverside, Calif.) Jul.
1974 67 p refs Space Science Reviews, vol. 16, June-July
1974, p. 251-323.
(Grant NGR-05-008-002; Contract N00014-69-A-0200-50)
Review of relativistic electron events observed i n
interplanetary space. The different types of event are identified
and illustrated. The relationships between solar X-ray and
radio emissions and relativistic electrons are examined, and
the relevance of the observations to solar flare acceleration
A7444202
models is discussed. A statistical analysis of electron spectra,
the electron/proton ratio and propagation from the flare
site to :he earth is p:es=nted. A mode! is out!ined which
can account for the release of electrons from the sun in a
m a n n e r consistent with observations of energetic solar
particles and electromagnetic solar radiation. (Author)
A14-43619*
DEPENDENCE O F F I E LD-A L I G N E D E L E C T R O N
P R E C I P I T A T I O N OCCURRENCE O N SEASON AND
A LTlTU D E
F. W. Berko and R. A. Hoffman (NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Sep. 1974 6 p Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, Sept. 1, 1974, p.
3749-3754.
An examination of factors affecting the occurrence of
field-aligned 2.3-keV electron precipitation has been
performed by using data from more than 7500 orbits of the
polar-orbiting satellite OGO 4. Both season and altitude
were found to be parameters that are directly related to the
probability of occurrence. The highest probabilities occurred
when the measurements were made at altitudes from 800
km to apogee (914 km), except during summer. In this altitude
interval, the electron precipitation was more likely to be
field-aligned during winter than during any other season.
The analysis suggests the establishment by electrostatic charge
layers of localized electric fields parallel to the magnetic
field. The resulting potential distribution focuses the electron
beam along the field lines in the region between the charge
layers but destroys the focused beam below the lower layer,
and thus an altitude dependence is created. (Author)
A744369 1
PLASMA TAIL INTERPRETATIONS O F PRONOUNCED
DETACHED P L A S M A R E G I O N S M E A S U R E D BY
OGO 5
A. J. Chen and J. M. Grebowsky (NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Sep. 1974 5 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 79, Sept. I, 1974, p.
3851-3855.
Measurements of the light ion thermal plasma distribution
i n the magnetosphere frequently show apparent isolated
patches of enhanced plasma density in the trough region
beyond the main plasmasphere. These patches of light ions
viewed along a satellite orbit appear detached from the
main plasmasphere. By using a simple time-dependent
convection model to determine the length of time a magnetic
flux tube has been closed and in daylight (a rough indicator
of the expected equatorial plasma density variation), the most
prominent 'detached' regions measured by the mass
spectrometer on OGO 5 i n the noon-dusk quadrant are
seen on a global scale to be readily interpreted as
filamentary extensions of the plasmasphere, called plasma
tails. Hence o n a global scale the pronounced detached regions
may be attached to the main plasmasphere. (Author)
-- -
A74-44202'
... . ..
INTENSITY VARIATION O F ELF HISS AND CHORUS
DURING ISOLATED SUBSTORMS
R . M . T h o r n e , K. F. Fiske, S. R. Church (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.), and E. J. Smith (California
Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Calif.) Sep. 1974 4 p refs Geophysical Research Letters,
vol. I, Sept. 1974, p. 193-196.
(Contract NAS7-100, Grants NSF GA-34148; NSF
GA-28045)
(N SSDC-I D-69-05 1A-22-PM)
Electromagnetic ELF emissions (100-1ooO Hz) observed
on the polar-orbiting OGO-6 satellite within three hours of
the dawn-dusk meridian consistently exhibit a predictable
response to isolated substorm activity. N e a r d a w n , the
emissions intensify during the substorm and then subside
following the magnetic activity; the waves are most intense
at L greater than 4, exhibit considerable structure and have
been primarily identified as chorus. At dusk the response is
entirely different; the wave intensity falls to background levels
v-7
A75-I 1221
during substorm activity but subsequently intensifies, usually
reaching levels well in excess of that before the disturbance.
The emissions near dusk extend to low L, are relatively
featureless, and have been identified as plasmaspheric hiss.
These features are interpreted in terms of changes in the
drift orbits of outer-zone electrons which cyclotron resonate
with ELF waves. (Author)
A7S-I 1221'
MAGNETOPAUSE ROTATIONAL FORMS
B. U. 0. Sonnerup (Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.)
and B. G. Ledley (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, M d . ) 1 O c t . 1974 6 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 79, Oct. 1, 1974, p. 4309-4314.
(Grant NGR-30-001-040)
(NSSDC-ID-68-014A- 15-PM)
Magnetic field data from the Goddard Space Flight Center
magnetometer experiment on board OGO 5 are analyzed
by the minimum-variance technique for two magnetopause
crossings, believed to provide the best evidence presently
available of magnetopause rotational discontinuities.
Approximate agreement with predictions from M H D and
first-order orbit theory is found, but available lowenergy
electron data suggest the presence of significant non-MHD
effects. The paper also illustrates an improved method for
data interval selection, a new magnetopause hodogram
representation, and the utility of data simulation. (Author)
A75-11226*
IS THE RED ARC A GOOD INDICATOR OF
IONOSPHERE-MAGNETOSPHERE CONDITIONS
A. F. Nagy (Michigan, University, Ann Arbor, Mich.), L.
H. Brace, N. C. Maynard (NASA, Goddard Space Flight
C e n t e r , Greenbelt, M d . ) , and W . B. Hanson (Texas,
University, Richardson, Tex.) 1 Oct. 1974 3 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 79. Oct. I , 1974, p.
4331-4333.
(NSSDC-ID-69-05 1A-02-PM; NSSDC-ID-69-05 IA-03-PM)
Weak red arcs were observed on the two consecutive
nights of July 12-13 and July 13-14, 1969, at Richland,
Washington, whereas no red arcs were detectable on the
nights preceding and following the observations. Satellite
(OGO 6) data of electron temperature and density,
low-frequency ac electric field, and suprathermal electron
flux corresponding to the conjugate region of Richland show
no significant variations during these days. The data show
elevated electron temperatures and enhanced low-frequency
ac noise levels at the expected red arc position in the
neighborhood of the density trough, as indicated by
previous observations. The data appear to indicate that the
optical criterion of red arc occurrence would lead to the
conclusion of significantly different
ionosphere-magnetosphere conditions during these four
nights, whereas the more detailed in situ data show that the
conditions were very similar. (Author)
A75-11227*
A N UPPER LIMIT TO THE PRODUCT OF NO A N D o
DENSITIES FROM 105 TO 120 KM
T. M. Donahue (Pittsburzh. Universitv. Pittsburgh. Pa.)
I Oct. 1974 3 p ' refs J k r n a l of Geophysical &&arch:
vol. 79, Oct. 1, 1974, p. 4337-4339.
(Grant NGR-39-011-155; NSF GA-37744)
(NSSDC-ID-69-05 IA-26-PM)
From the OGO 6 horizon-scanning-photometer data a
useful upper limit can be set to the radiance of nightglow
in the 0 - N O afterglow continuum above 105 km. The upper
limit is a factor of about 5 less than the product of observed
NO densities and Jacchia (I97 I ) 0 model densities.(Author)
A75-11853*
IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS OF IRREGULAR
IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE
PLASMAPAUSE
H. A. Taylor, Jr. (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) and
v-8
G. R. Cordier (Aero Geo Astro Co., College Park, Md.)
Sep. 1974 8 p ref (Union Radio Scientifique Internationale,
Conference on Incoherent Scatter, Tromso, Norway, June
12-16, 1973.) Planetary and Space Science, vol. 22, Sept.
1974, p. 1289-1296.
Additional studies of the ion composition results obtained
from the OGO-6 satellite support earlier observations of
irregularities in the distribution of H(+) and He(+) within
the light ion trough near L = 4, which has been associated
with the plasmapause. These irregularities are in the form
of sub-troughs superimposed upon the major midlatitude
decrease of the light ions. I n the sub-troughs, ionization
depletions and recoveries of a s much a s a n order of
magnitude are observed within a few degrees of latitude,
usually exhibited in a pattern which changes significantly
with longitude as the earth rotates beneath the relatively
fixed satellite orbit. The location and properties exhibited
by these sub-troughs appear to be consistent with the concept
of a plasmasphere distortion in the form of 'plasmatails'
resulting from the com bined effects of magnetospheric
convection plus corotation. F.R.L.
.A- 75-
.- 1-Z W
--*
I
VARIATION WITH INTERPLANETARY S E C T O R O F
THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FIELD MEASURED AT T H E
OGO 2 , 4 AND 6 SATELLITES
R . A . Langel ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Md.) Oct. 1974 13 p refs Planetary and Space
Science, vol. 22, Oct. 1974, p. 1413-1425.
A7512370
DEPENDENCE OF THE MAGNETOPAUSE POSITION
ON THE SOUTHWARD INTERPLANETARY
MAGNETIC FIELD
K. Maezawa (Tokyo, University, Tokyo, Japan) Oct. 1974
I I p refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 22, Oct. 1974,
p. 1443-1453.
Statistical analysis of the distance to the dayside
magnetopause, aimed at detecting the possible dependence
of the dayside magnetic flux on the polarity of the
interplanetary magnetic field. It is found that the normalized
size of the dayside magnetosphere at the time of southward
interplanetary magnetic field direction is smaller than at the
time of northward interplanetary field direction. The
difference in the magnetopause position between the two
interplanetary field polarity conditions ranges from 0 to 2
earth radii. The implications of this finding and of other
ones are discussed. M.V.E.
A75-12439'
.. . ._
.~
HIGH LATITUDE MINOR ION ENHANCEMENTS - A
CLUE FOR STUDIES O F MAGNETOSPHERE-
ATMOSPHFRF
~~ ~~ ~ ~~ cm
__ _-
IPI.INC.
.
H. A. Taylor, Jr. (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Thermosphere and Exosphere Center, Greenbelt, Md.) Nov.
1974 9 p refs (International Association of Geomagnetism
and Aeronomy, Symposium o n Dynamics, Chemistry and
Thermal Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere,
Kyoto, Japan, Sept. 18-20, 1973.) Journal of Atmospheric
and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 36, Nov. 1974, p. 1815-1823.
A n investigation is conducted of upper ionosphere
molecular ion composition d a t a , which because of the
unexpected, abrupt enhancements sometimes exhibited at high
latitudes, may indirectly offer additional clues to
understanding the processes by which the lower atmosphere
becomes perturbed. I t is found that molecular ion irregularities
are sometimes localized in a relatively narrow region of time
and space. The abruptness of these events suggests that lower
atmosphere energetic processes presumed responsible for the
ion enhancements may also be narrowly distributed. G.R.
A 75- 12453*
MAGNETIC STORM DYNAMICS OF THE
THERMOSPHERE
H . G . M a y r ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,

Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) and
H. Voliand (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.;
Bonn, Universitaet, Bonn, West Germany) Nov. 1974 12 p
refs (International Association of Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy, Symposium on Dynamics, Chemistry and Thermal
Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere, Kyoto, Japan,
Sept. 18-20, 1973.) Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial
Physics, vol. 36, Nov. 1974, p. 2025-2036.
A theoretical study of the Dst component of magnetic
storms is presented. The dynamic characteristics are found
significantiy different for Joule dissipation a n d electron
precipitation, leading to the conclusion that the former is
probably the predominant heat source for the upper
thermosphere. Composition measurements on OGO-6, which
reveal markedly different characteristics in N2, 0 and He,
can be explained on the basis of energy advection and diffusive
mass transport by thermospheric winds. Essential features
i n the F2-region response are explicable in terms of these
dynamic processes. Electric field induced motions are
estimated and it is concluded that resultant adiabatic heating
could be significant. (Author)
- - __
.A75-111731
. .. - ,,
SOLAR RADIATION ASYMMETRIES AND
H E L I O S P H E R I C G A S HEATING INFLUENCING
EXTRATERRESTRIAL UV DATA
H. J. Fahr and G . Lay (Bonn, Universitaet, Bonn, West
Germany) 1974 7 p ref In: Space research XIV; Proceedings
of the Sixteenth Plenary Meeting, Konstanz, West Germany,
May 23-June 5, 1973. Berlin, East Germany, Akademie-Verlag
GmbH, 1974, p. 567-573.
Up to now the interpretation of extraterrestrial Lyman
alpha data of the satellite OGO 5 has been based on the
assumption of spherically symmetric solar radiation fields.
This assumption, however, turns out to be very crude and
it is shown that appreciable improvement in the interpretation
of OGO 5 Lyman-alpha data can be achieved if actual
solar radiation asymmetries both in the corpuscular and in
the electromagnetic fluxes are taken into account. Methods
of correcting for asymmetries in heliographic latitude and
longitude are developed and facilitate the deduction of
interstellar parameters. The galactic Lyman-alpha background
is found to be below IOR; the density and temperature of
the nearby interstellar gzs hzve been obtained as 0.1 per cu
cm and 4,000 to 6,000 K. The higher temperatures indicated
by the OGO 5 data are shown to be due to the fact that
the interstellar hydrogen penetrating into the solar system is
subjected to a heliospheric heating process caused by elastic
collisions with solar protons. (Author)
A75-13176#
RECENT ADVANCES IN COMETARY PHYSICS A N D
CHEMISTRY
L. Biermann (Max-Planck-lnstitut fuer Physik und
Astrophysik, Munich, West Germany) 1974 7 p ref In:
Space research XIV; Proceedings of the Sixteenth Plenary
Meeting, Konstanz, West Germany, May 23-June 5, 1973.
Berlin, East Germany, Akademie-Verlag GmbH, 1974, p.
593-599.
This review discusses mainly the observations of some
recent comets by OAO 2 and OGO 5 and their interpretation
in terms of the physical processes and the chemical
constitution of comets. The most important finding is that
hydrogen atoms are much more abundant in cometary
atmospheres than those molecules which make up the
ordinary coma; from the intensity of the OH emissions it is
concluded that ordinary water is a main constituent. The
brightness in Lyman-alpha is at least as large a s that due
to emission bands in the ordinary optical range, and
particularly the size of the hydrogen atmosphere greatly
exceeds that of the ordinary coma. Finally, some plans for
fly-by missions to comets are dealt with, and their potential
and promise is discussed. (Author)
A 7 5 16449
A75- I5342*
SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT WITH
HE-3/HE-4 GREATER THAN 1
V. K. Balasubrahnanyan (NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Md.) and A. T. Serlemitsos (Computer
Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md.) 6 Dec. 1974 3 p refs
Nature, vol. 252, Dec. 6, 1974, p. 460-462.
A n unusual solar event involving the detection of a
He-3/He-4 ratio of about 1.5 was observed with the aid of
the cosmic-ray telescopes of OGO-V on May 28, 1969. A
theory dealing with the production of H-2, H-3, and He-3
in solar events is considered together with the conditions
which would have to be satisfied in order to explain the
observed very high helium isotope ratio in terms of the
theory. G.R.
A7S16217*
. - ..__
ACCELERATION O F ELECTRONS IN ABSENCE O F
DETECTABLE OPTICAL FLARES DEDUCED F R O M
TYPE 111 RADIO BURSTS, H ALPHA A C T I V I T Y AND
SOFT X-RAY EMISSION
S. R. Kane (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.), R. W.
Kreplin (U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, D.C.), M.-J. Martres, M. Pick, and 1.
Soru-Escaut (Paris, Observatoire, Meudon, Hauls-de-Seine,
France) Oct. 1974 15 p refs Solar Physics, vol. 38, Oct.
1974, p. 483-497.
(Grant NGR-05-003-5 10)
(NSSDC-ID-68-014A-WPS; NSSDC-ID-69-05 IA- 18-PM)
A7516437
C O R R E L A T E D S A T E L L I T E MEASUREMENTS O F
PROTON PRECIPITATION AND PLASMA DENSITY
F. Soraas and L. E. Berg (Bergen, Universitetet, Bergen,
Norway) 1 Dec. 1974 IO p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 79, Dec. 1, 1974, p. 5171-5180. Research
supported by the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research.
The main experimental findings relating plasma densities
in the equatorial plane (OGO 5) to proton precipitation at
high latitudes (Esro IA), obtained from nearly simultaneous
observations in the evening/midnight local time sector, are
summarized. When the plasma density is high out to large
L values, most common during quiet geomagnetic conditions,
the greater than 1WkeV protons precipitation has no sharp
equatorward boundary. The change from an anisotropic pitch
angle distribution peaked at 90 deg with the magnetic field
lines to an isotropic one is gradual with increasing L. When
a sharp plasmapause is detected and the plasma density
outside the plasmapause is low, there is a region outside
the plasmapause where the proton flux is highly
anisotropic. A rather abrupt transition to an isotropic pitch
angle distribution takes place at approximately I earth radius
outside the plasmapause. There is thus a region outside the
plasmapause where the proton population is stable to
precipitation losses. (Author)
A75-16440*
‘HISSLERS’ - QUASI-PERIODIC ( T APPROXIMATELY
EQUAL TO 2 SEC) VLF NOISE FORMS A T AURORAL
LATITUDES
1. M. Ungstrup and D. L. Carpenter (Stanford University,
Stanford, Calif.) I Dec. 1974 6 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 79, Dec. 1, 1974, p. 5196-5201.
(Grants NGL-05-020-008; NSF GA-32590X; NSF
GA-28042; NSF GV-28840X)
A 7 5 1.6.4..
.. ~ 49
NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRIES IN THE
THERMOSPHERE DURING THE LAST MAXIMUM O F
THE SOLAR CYCLE
F . Barlier, C . Jaeck (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches
Geodynamiques et Astronomiques, Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes,
France), P. Bauer (CNET, Issy-les-Moulineaux,
v-9
A75-I663 I
Hauts-de-Seine, France), G . Thullier ( C N RS, Service
d’Aeronomie, Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France), and G .
Kockarts (Institut d‘Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, Brussels,
Belgium) I Dec. 1974 13 p Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 79. Dec. I. 1974, p. 5273-5285.
A large volume of data (temperatures, densities,
concentrations, winds) has been accumulated showing that
in addition to seasonal changes i n the thermosphere, annual
variations are present and have a component that is a function
of latitude. I t appears that the helium concentrations have
much larger variations in the southern hemisphere than in
the northern hemisphere; the same holds true for the
exospheric temperatures deduced from OGO 6 data. The
bulge of density tends to stay over the southern hemisphere,
whereas winds show a tendency to blow northward across
the equator. More energy seems to be available for the
thermosphere i n the southern hemisphere during the
equinoxes; this may be the result of an asymmetry in the
geomagnetic field or an asymmetrical dissipation of tidal
waves induced by an asymmetrical worldwide ozone
distribution. (Author)
A75-
... - 1663
...-.I*
T H E SOLAR CYCLE VARIATIONOFTHE SOLAR WIND
HELIUM ABUNDANCE
K. W. OGilvie (NASA. Goddard SDace Flight Center.
Greenbelt, Md.) and J. Hirshberg (High’ Altitudebbservatory,
Boulder, Colo.) I Nov. 1974 8 p ref Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 79, Nov. 1, 1974, p. 45954602.
(NSSDC-ID-68-014A- 17-0s)
A75-16634*
E L E C T R I C FIELD MEASUREMENTS ACROSS THE
HARANG DISCONTINUITY
N. C. Maynard (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory f o r Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.)
I Nov. 1974 12 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 79, Nov. 1, 1974. p. 4620-4631.
The Harang discontinuity, the area separating the positive
and negative bay regions in the midnight sector of the auroral
zone, is a focal point for changes in behavior of many
phenomena. Through this region the electric field, in a frame
corotating with the earth, rotates through the west from a
basically northward field in the positive bay region to a
basically southward field in the negative bay region, appearing
as a reversal in a single-axis measurement of the
north-south component. Thirty-two of these reversals have
been identified in the OGO 6 data from November and
December 1969. The discontinuity is dynamic in nature,
moving southward and steepening its latitudinal profile as
magnetic activity is increased. As activity decreases, it relaxes
poleward and spreads out in latitudinal width. It occurs over
several hours of magnetic local time. (Author)
A75-16637’
T H E MEASUREMENT OF COLD ION DENSITIES IN
T H E PLASMA TROUGH
K. K. Harris (Lockheed Research Laboratories, Palo Alto,
Calif.) 1 Nov. 1974 7 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 79, Nov. 1, 1974, p. 4654-4660. Research
supported by the Lockheed Independent Research Program;
(Contracts NAS5-23106; NASw-255 I )
(NSSDC-ID-68-014A- 18-PM)
The cold ion density in the plasma trough region is an
important fundamental parameter in the currently proposed
mechanisms to describe magnetospheric dynamics. Direct i n
situ measurements of the cold ion density are generally
difficult owing to uncertainties i n vehicle potentials and ion
temperatures. It is shown that the light ion mass
spectrometer from OGO 5 was very successful in acquiring
these data and that vehicle potentials appear not to have
been a prohibitive factor. The cold ion plasma trough data
show a great deal of variability, indicating a strong
dependence on the state of the convection electric field;
consequently, average values of cold ion densities i n the
v-IO
plasma trough may be significantly different from the actual
time-dependent values. The local time plot of plasma trough
densities at L = 7 for data acquired over a I-year period
shows the anticipated increase in cold ion density during
the daytime and the expected decrease in cold ion density
during dusk and early nighttime. (Author)
A 7 5 I87 17.
A SEARCH FOR SOLAR NEUTRONS DURING SOLAR
FLARES
S. 0. lfedili (New Hampshire, University, Durham, N.H.)
Nov. 1974 9 p ref Solar Physics, vol. 39, Nov. 1974, p.
233-241.
(Contract NAS5-93 13; Grant NGR-30-002-088)
A new upper limit to the 1-20 MeV neutrons produced
at the sun during large solar flares was obtained as a result
of measurements made by a neutron detector o n board the
OGO-6 satellite. It was found that the 1-20 MeV solar neutron
flux for the Nov. 2, June 13, June 15, Sept. 25, and Dec.
19, 1969, solar flare events cannot be greater than 0.05 n
per sq cm per sec at the 95% confidence level. These
measurements are consistent with the models proposed by
Lingenfelter (1969) and Lingenfelter and Ramaty (1967) for
solar neutron production during solar flares. P.T.H.
A7519127*
THE SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERIC
DYNAMICS
C. T. Russell (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
1974 45 p refs In: Correlated interplanetary and
magnetospheric observations; Proceedings of the Seventh
ESLAB Symposium, Saulgau, West Germany, May 22-25,
1973. Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1974, p. 3-47.
(Contract NAS5-9098; Grant NGR-05-007-004; NSF
GA-34148X; )
The dynamic processes involved in the interaction between
the solar wind and the earth’s magnetosphere are reviewed.
The evolution of models of the magnetosphere is first
surveyed. The existence of the auroral substorm and the
cyclical polar magnetic substorm is evidence that the
magnetosphere is a dynamic system. The dynamic changes
occurring in the magnetosphere, including erosion of the
magnetopause, changes in the size of the polar cap, variations
in the flaring angle of the tail, neutral point formation, plasma
sheet motions, and the inward collapse of the midnight
magnetosphere, are discussed. The cyclical variations of
geomagnetic activity are explained in terms of the control
of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction by the
north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Present phenomenological models allow prediction of
geomagnetic activity from interplanetary measurements, but
modeling of detailed magnetospheric processes is still in its
infancy. A.T.S.
A75-19134*
OGO-5 OBSERVATIONS OF T H E MAGNETOPAUSE
C. T. Russell, M. G . Kivelson (California, University, Los
Angeles, Calif.), and M. Neugebauer (California Institute of
Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.)
1974 19 p In: Correlated interplanetary and magnetospheric
observations; Proceedings of the Seventh ESLAB Symposium,
Saulgau, West Germany, May 22-25, 1973. Dordrecht, D.
Reidel Publishing Co., 1974, p. 139-157.
(Contract NAS7-100; Grant NGL-05-007-004)
OGO-5 observations show not only that the average
position of the magnetopause boundary moves in response
to changes in dynamic pressure, but also that it moves in
response to changes in the north-south component of the
interplanetary field. Further, the boundary often oscillates
about its average position as waves propagate along the
boundary away from the nose region. The variation of the
magnetic field through the boundary at times can be a simple
rotation with no change in magnitude, and at other times
can resemble a simple tangential discontinuity. However, it
often displays complex patterns such as field enhancements
on the magnetospheric side of the boundary or apparently

uncorrelated field strength and direction changes. O n e
particularly simple boundary crossing has been studied in
detail with both positive ion data and magnetic field data,
In this case, the electron and ion currents could be separately
deduced and the structure agreed with that expected for a
Chapman-Ferraro boundary with almost complete
neutralization. (Author)
A7519138
THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK FINE STRUCTURE
V. Formisano (CNR, Laboratorio di Ricerca e Tecnologia
per lo Studio del Plasma nello Spazio, Rome, Italy) 1974
37 p refs In: Correlated interplanetary and magnetospheric
observations; Proceedings of the Seventh ESLAB Symposium,
Saulgau, West Germany, May 22-25, 1973. Dordrecht, D.
Reidel Publishing Co., 1974, p. 187-223. Research supported
by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
Review of the information on the earth's bow shock
structure obtained with the aid of the OGO 5 and HEOS 1
satellites. The experimental results concerning the downstream
plasma and the fluid-parameter jump across the shock are
compared with the predictions of the fluid model, in order
to test the validity of the Rankine-Hugoniot relations for
the earth's bow shock. Following a discussion of the
determination of the shock velocity, which is the
fundamental quantity needed in order to estimate the typical
lengths associated with bow shock phenomena, a schematic
classification of the data available is introduced on the
basis of whether the Alfven Mach number is above or below
a critical value and the plasma beta is of the order of unity
or smaller. Detailed observations of the shock structures
and the associated wave phenomena are then reported for
each of the possible regimes, including bow shocks with
laminar, quasi-laminar, turbulent, quasi-turbulent, and mixed
structures. In the case of the turbulent bow shock the essential
question seems to be the way in which the strong anomalous
ion dissipation takes place in the shock transition. In the
mixed structures the low-frequency upstream waves appear
to determine the essential structural features. A.B.K.
A75-19330'
SIMULTANEOUS PARTICLE AND FIELD
OBSERVATIONS OF FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS
F. W. Berko, R. A. Hoffman (NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Md.), R. K. Burton, and R. E. Holzer
(California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.) 1 Jan. 1975
10 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Jan.
I, 1975, p. 37-46.
(Grant NGR-05-007-276; Contract JPL-950403)
Simultaneous measurements of low-energy precipitating
electrons and magnetic fluctuations from the low-altitude
polar-orbiting satellite OGO 4 have been compared. Analysis
of the two sets of experimental data for isolated events led
to the classification of high-latitude field-aligned currents
as purely temporal or purely spatial variations. Magnetic
field disturbances calculated by using these simple current
models and the measured particle fluxes were in good
agreement with measured field values. Although fluxes of
electrons of greater than 1 keV were detected primarily on
the night side, magnetometer disturbances indicative of
field-aligned currents were seen at all local times, in both
the visual auroral regions and the day side polar cusp. Thus
electrons with energies of less than about 1 keV are the
prime charge carriers in high-latitude day side field-aligned
currents. (Author)
A75-19349'
SUBSTORM AND INTERPLAN E T A RY M A G N E T l C
F I E L D E F F E C T S O N T H E GEOMAGNETIC TAIL
LOBES
M. N. Caan, McPherron, and C. T. Russell (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.) 1 Jan. 1975 4 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Jan. I, 1975, p.
191-194.
(Grant NGR-05-007-004, Contract N00014-6-A-200-4016;
Grant NSF GA-34148X; )
A75-22774
A75-20360*
T H E EQUATORIAL HELIUM ION TROUGH AND THE
GEOMAGNETIC ANOMALY
S. Chandra (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Feb.
1975 10 p ref Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial
Physics, vol. 37, Feb. 1975, p. 359-367.
The latitudinal characteristics of He+ in the equatorial
region are compared with those of O + and H + . These ions,
in different altitude regions, exhibit certain features which
are characteristics of the ionospheric geomagnetic
anomaly. It is shown that the latitudinal distributions of
these ions are related to their vertical distribution at the
equator via their respective scale heights and the geomagnetic
dipole geometry. To a first order, the positions of the
latitudinal maxima of a given ion may be related to its
peak altitude at the equator by a proposed expression.
(Author)
A75-22613#
MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORM ASSOCIATED WITH
sc
T. Ondoh (Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Radio
Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) 1974 6 p In:
International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Sa0
Paulo, Brazil, June 17-22, 1974, Proceedings. Volume 2. Sa0
Jose dos Campos, Brazil, lnstituto de Pesquisas Espaciais,
1974, p. 16-21.
The present work describes on the basis of magnetograms
a t Kiruna and Honolulu and OGO-5 magnetograms a
magnetospheric substorm which occurred simultaneously with
t h e sudden commencement of 2345 UT, September 30,
1968. The storm occurred following a gradual development
of the plasma sheet thinning under a continuation of the
southward interplanetary Bz field. Gradual increases of B
and Bx fields and gradual decrease of the Bz field were
observed at the OGO-5 during plasma sheet thinning. A
large increase of the By field began simultaneously with a
southward turning of the northward Bz field at the OGO-5
during sudden commencement rise time. This increase, which
amounted t o 30 gammas, may be explained by the field-aligned
current of 0.024 A/m flowing into the dawn-side auroral
zone. P.T.H.
A75-22671*#
F REGION WIND COMPONENTS IN THE MAGNETIC
MERIDIAN F R O M O G O 4 T R O P I C A L A I R G L O W
OBSERVATIONS
J. A. Bittencourt (Texas, University, Dallas, Tex.; lnstituto
de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil), G .
T. Hicks ( U S Navy, Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, D.C.), and B. A. Tinsley (Texas, University,
Dallas, Texas) 1974 10 p In: International Symposium
on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, June 17-22,
1974, Proceedings. Volume 3. Sa0 Jose dos Campos, Brazil,
lnstituto de Pesquisas Espaciais, 1974, p. 328-337.
(Grant NGR-44-004-142)
A75-22759'
P I T C H A N G L E D I S T R I B U T I O N S OF ENERGETIC
ELECTRONS I N THE EQUATORIAL REGIONS OF THE
OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE - OGO-5 OBSERVATIONS
H. I. West, Jr. and R. M. Buck (California, University,
Livermore, Calif.) 1974 12 p ref In: Magnetospheric
physics; Proceedings of the Summer Advanced Study Institute,
Sheffield, England, August 13-24, 1973. (A75-22752 0846)
Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1974, p. 93-104.
AEC-sponsored research
(NASA ORDER S7001-G)
A75-22774'
PLASMA INSTABILITY MODES RELATED TO THE
V-11
A75-23707
EARTH’S BOW SHOCK
W. W. Greenstadt and R. W. Fredricks (TRW Systems
G r o u p , Redondo Beach, Calif.) 1974 IO p refs In:
Magnetospheric physics; Proceedings of the Summer
Advanced Study Institute. Sheffield, England, August 13-24,
1973. Dordrecht, D . Reidel Publishing Co., 1974, p.
281-290.
(Contracts NASw-2398; NAS5-9278)
T h e present work examines the status of physical
interpretations of some of the microscopic phenomena
occurring in bow shock structures. A categorization of
microscopic phenomena is given, and it is examined how
various modes may or may not be invoked in explaining
spacecraft measurements o n bow structure. The macroscopic
and observational context of the bow shock as presently
understood is first defined, and then some of the microscopic
plasma physical phenomena which might be expected to be
found associated with certain macroscopic structures a r e
outlined. Some problems in the use of the bow shock to
test plasma shock theory are then discussed. P.T.H.
A?523?07*
S T R U C T U RE 0 F T H E Q U A S I - P E R P E NDICULAR
LAMINAR B O W SHOCK
E. W. Greenstadt, F. L. Scarf ( T R W Systems G r o u p ,
Redondo Beach, Calif.), C. T. Russell (California, University,
Los Angeles, Calif.), V. Formisano (CNR, Laboratorio de
Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati, Italy), and M. Neugebauer
(California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1 Feb. 1975 13 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 80. Feb. I, 1975, p. 502-514.
(Contracts NAS-2398; NAS-2513; NAS7-100, Grant
NGR-05-007-004; NASW-2659)
It was found that low solar wind parameters M (less
than or around 2.5) and beta (much less than 1) and high
angles to the local shock normal, theta (greater than or
around 65 deg). produced oblique laminar shock profiles as
expected from theory, with marginal or vanishing upstream
standing whistlers probably damped by acoustic or other
plasma wave instabilities. The whistler mode appeared to
dominate the electromagnetic spectrum. The laminar shock
ramp thickness was several hundred kilometers and equal
t o (2-4)c/omega-pi. Composition of the shock as an
accumulation of near-standing waves and an evidently
reproducible varying flux pattern was discernible. Electron
thermalization occurred early in, or just before, the magnetic
ramp, while proton thermalization appeared to occur later
i n the ramp. Instantaneous shock velocities derived from
the standing whistler wavelength were consistent with average
velocities derived from the elapsed time estimates and were
as high as 200 km/sec. S.J.M.
A7523716*
E L E C T R O M AG N ET1 C H I S S A N D R E LATlVlSTlC
ELECTRON LOSSES IN THE INNER ZONE
B. T. Tsurutani, E . J. Smith (California Institute of
Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.),
and R. M. Thorne (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
1 Feb. 1975 (I p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 80, Feb. I , 1975, p. 600-607.
(Contract NASI- 100)
It is shown that ELF hiss is present in the inner radiation
zone (L less than 2) during both storms and substorms.
This presence is ascribed to propagation of waves into this
region from a distributed source located at high altitude
near the equatorial plasmapause. Two major effects allow
hiss to reach the inner zone during storms and substorms:
( I ) the observed tendency for plasmaspheric hiss to be greatly
intensified during the recovery phase as the outward-moving
plasmapause encounters the electrons that have been freshly
injected into the magnetosphere; (2) the displacement of the
plasmapause, and the presumed source region, to low altitudes
during high levels of magnetic activity. S.J.M.
A7523721
O B S E R V E D V A R I A T I O N S O F T H E EXOSPHERIC
v-12
HYDROGEN DENSITY W I T H T H E E X O S P H E R I C
TEMPERATURE
J. L. Bertaux (CNRS, Service d’Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France) 1 Feb. 1975 4 p
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Feb. I, 1975,
p. 639-642. Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
(Contract C N E S 7 1-201)
A?5-24043*
A GLOBAL MAGNETIC ANOMALY MAP
R. D. Regan, W. M. Davis (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,
Va.), and J. C. Cain (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Survey,
Greenbelt, Md.) IO Feb. 1975 9 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Feb. IO, 1975, p. 794-802.
A subset of POGO satellite magnetometer data has been
formed that is suitable for analysis of crustal magnetic
anomalies. Through the use of a thirteenth-order field model
fit to these data, magnetic residuals have been calculated
over the world to latitude limits of plus or minus 50 deg.
These residuals, averaged over I-degree latitude-longitude
blocks, represent a detailed global magnetic anomaly map
derived solely from satellite data. The occurrence of these
anomalies on all individual satellite passes independent of
local time and their decay as altitude increases imply a definite
internal origin. Their wavelength structure a n d their
correlation with known tectonic features further suggest that
these anomalies are primarily of geologic origin and have
their sources in the lithosphere. (Author)
A?5-2?383*
~ ~ _._
~
DYNAMICS OF MID-LATITUDE LIGHT ION TROUGH
AND PLASMA TAILS
A. J. Chen. J. M. Grebowskv. and H. A. Tavlor. Jr. (NASA.
Goddard Space Flight Cent&; Greenbelt, Md.) ‘I Mar. 1975
9 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Mar.
I , 1975, p. 968-976.
Light ion trough measurements near midnight made by
the Bennett RF ion mass spectrometer on OGO 4 operating
i n the high-resolution mode reveal the existence of irregular
structure o n the low-latitude side of the mid-latitude
trough. By using two different relations between the equatorial
convection electric field, assumed to be spatially invariant
and directed from dawn to dusk, and Kp, a model
development was made of the outer plasmasphere. The model
calculations produced multiple plasma tails that compare
favorably with the observed thermal proton irregularities.
T h e model development produces an outer plasmasphere
boundary location that varies similarly t o the observed
minimum density point of the light ion trough. However,
the measurements are not extensive enough to yield conclusive
proof that one of the electric field models is better than the
other. (Author)
A75-27387*
THE ENHANCEMENT OF SOLAR WIND
FLUCTUATIONS AT T H E PROTON THERMAL
GYRORADIUS
M . Neugebauer (California Institute of Technology, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) I Mar. 1975 5 p i
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Mar. I, 1975,
p. 998-1002.
(Contract NAS7-100)
Average power spectra of solar wind fluctuations a t
frequencies up t o 0.87 Hz are calculated from OGO 5
measurements of positive ion flux. Although the general
spectral trend follows the power law spectrum observed at
lower frequencies, a small but statistically significant power
enhancement is observed at the frequency v/Z(pi)R, where
v is the solar wind velocity and R is the gyroradius of proton
thermal motions in the solar wind. The measured power
spectrum is in rough agreement with that deduced from radio
scintillation observations. (Author)
A?5-27679
E X C I T A T I O N O F MAGNETOSONIC WAVES WITH

DISCRETE SPECTRUM I N THE EQUATORIAL
VICINITY O F THE PLASMAPAUSE
A. V. Culelmi, B. 1. K!aine (Geofizicheskaia Observatoriia,
Borok, USSR), and A. S. Potapov (Akademiia Nauk SSSR,
lnstitut Zemnogo Magnetizma, lonosfery i Rasprostraneniia
Radiovoln, Irkutsk, USSR) Feb. 1975 8 p refs Planetary
and Space Science, vol. 23, Feb. 1975, p. 279-286.
A7528004*
RELATION O F SOLAR WIND F L U C T U A T I O N S T O
D I F F E R E N T I A L FLOW BETWEEN PROTONS AND
ALPHAS
M. Neugebauer (California Institute of Technology, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1974 2 p refs
In: Solar wind three; Proceedings of the Third Conference,
I Pacific G r o v e , Calif., March 25-29, 1974. Los Angeles,
University of California, 1974, p. 33, 34.
(Contract NAS7-100)
b An analysis is made of the difference between the alpha
particle and proton flow velocities in the solar wind as
observed by the OGO 5 satellite. The alpha and proton
velocities from each of 962 spectral scans are compared with
the variance of 32 solar wind flux measurements made during
the scans. The average velocity difference is plotted for each
of 10 logarithmic variance intervals and is seen to decrease
and approach zero when the variance is high. It is shown
that such an anticorrelation may be due to the fact the
wave/particle interactions provide the drag force between
two streams of different velocity in a collisionless plasma.
F.G.M.
A75280 15.
INSTABILITIES CONNECTED WITH NEUTRAL
SHEETS IN THE SOLAR WIND
V. Formisano (CNR. Laboratorio o e r il Plasma nello Soazio.
Frascati, Italy); P. C.’Hedgecock (Imperial College of &en&
and Technology, London, England), C. T. Russell, and J.
D. Means (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.) 1974
7 p refs In: Solar wind three; Proceedings of the Third
Conference, Pacific Grove, Calif., March 25-29, 1974. Los
Angeles, University of California, 1974, p. 180-186. Research
supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, National
Research Council of England, and NASA.
A preliminary study is presented of two sets of data
obtained by HEOS 1 and OGO 5 in the solar wind, which
w e a l the internal struckre of two neE?ra! sheets and their
two-dimensional structure. HEOS 1 observations of the
effects of the tearing mode instability in one of the sheets
are described, including complicated structures connected with
the sector boundary, sharp increases aqd decreases in the
magnetic field intensity, and the presence of closed loops.
HEOS 1 and OGO 5 observations of large oscillations due
to plasma pressure imbalances a r e discussed, and it is
concluded that an interchange instability may have been
observed. F.G.M.
A7528032
VARIATION O F T H E S O L A R W I N D F L U X W I T H
H E L I O G R A P H I C LATITUDE, DEDUCED FROM ITS
INTERACTION WITH INTERPLANETARY
HYDROGEN
J. Blamont (CNRS, Service d’Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France) 1974 8 p refs In:
Solar wind three; Proceedings of the Third Conference, Pacific
Grove, Calif., March 25-29, 1974. Los Angeles, University
of California, 1974, p. 321-328.
A75-28038.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF SOLAR WIND
FLUCTUATIONS W I T H S C A L E S I Z E NEAR T H E
PROTON GYRORADIUS
M . Neugebauer (California Institute of Technology, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1974 2 p In:
Solar wind three; Proceedings of the Third Conference, Pacific
A75-34018
Grove, Calif., March 25-29, 1974. Los Angeles, University
of California, 1974, p. 373, 374.
(Contract NAS7-!90)
~ 7 5 - 2 8 3 ~
ION COMPOSITION IRREGULARITIES AND
IONOSPHERE-PLASMASPHERE COUPLING -
OBSERVATIONS O F A HIGH LATITUDE ION
TROUGH
H. A. Taylor, Jr., J. M. Grebowsky, and A. J. Chen (NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary
Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.j Apr. 1975 11 p refs Journal
of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 37, Apr. 1975,
p. 613-623.
A75-28743.
RELATION O F VARIATIONS I N TOTAL MAGNETIC
FIELD AT HIGH LATITUDE WITH THE PARAMETERS
O F THE INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD AND
WITH DP 2 FLUCTUATIONS
R . A . Langel ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Geophysics Branch, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Apr. 1975 10 p
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Apr. 1, 1975,
p. 1261-1270.
A7528750*
A SEARCH FOR SOLAR WIND VELOCITY CHANGES
BETWEEN 0.7 AND 1 AU
D. S. lntriligator (Southern California, University, Los
Angeles, Calif.) and M. Neugebauer (California Institute of
Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.)
1 Apr. 1975 3 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 80, Apr. 1, 1975, p. 1332-1334. Research supported by
the California Institute of Technology.
(Contract NAS7- 100, Grants NGR-05-002- 165;
NGR-05-002-059; NGR-05-018- 18 1)
Observations are presented concerning the radial
variations of the solar wind velocity between 0.7 and I au
in late 1968 and early 1969. The observations were made
with instruments carried by Pioneer 9 and the
earth-orbiting satellite OGO 5. The Pioneer and OGO velocity
measurements are compared. It is found that the same basic
solar wind velocity structure was seen at both spacecraft.
No statistically significant dependence of average velocity
on the radial distance from the sun could be 0bserved.G.R.
- - - _--_
.A7S3211(28
A COMETARY HYDROGEN MODEL - COMPARISON
WITH OGO-5 MEASUREMENTS O F COMET BENNETT
I 1971111)
\ - - . - --I
H. U. Keller and G . E. Thomas Feb. 1975 13 p Astronomy
and Astrophysics, vol. 39, no. 1, Feb. 1975, p. 7-19.
(Contract NAS5-9327; Grants NGR-06-003-201;
NGL-06-003-052)
A model is constructed for the hydrogen cloud of Comet
Bennett (1970 I I ) based on highly sensitive observations of
its Lyman alpha emission by a photometer on board OGO-5
and taking into account the cometary motion, field gradients,
solar L-alpha profile, and finite lifetime of the H atoms
along their trajectories. The solar L-alpha flux is
determined independently of instrumental calibration using
the strong curvature of the hydrogen cloud in the orbital
plane of the comet, and the cometary production rate of
hydrogen atoms is calculated. The combination of two equally
weighted Maxwellian velocity distributions with mean
velocities of 7 and 21 km/sec is found to match the photometer
scans across the comet better than any single Maxwellian
distribution. A complete L-alpha isophote map is presented
for the model hydrogen cloud on Mar. 20, 1970. F.G.M.
A75-34018*
S O L A R PARTICLE EVENTS WITH ANOMALOUSLY
LARGE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE O F HE-3
V-13
A75-35003
A. T. Serlemitsos (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Greenbelt;
Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md.) and V. K.
Balasubrahmanyan (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Greenbelt, Md.)
15 May 1975 I O p ref Astrophysical Journal, vol. 198,
May 15, 1975, pt. I, p. 195-204.
Energetic particle data are presented from a series of
solar flares with a relative abundance of He-3 much higher
than that of any previous events. The abundance of protons
relative to He nuclei was significantly low in these events;
not m o r e than four H-2 and three H-3 were detected
during the entire period under study, compared with 11 IO
He-3 nuclei. Results from these experiments are compared
with data available from other investigations. a n d the
limitations the former observations place on theoretical
models to explain He-3-rich flares are discussed. S.J.M.
A75-35003*
COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN SPACE - A VERY
HIGH BETA STRUCTURE
V. Formisano (CNR, Laboratorio peril Plasma nello Spazio,
Frascati, Italy), C. T. Russell, J. D. Means (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.), E. W. Greenstadt, F. L.
Scarf (TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.), and
M . Neugebauter (California Institute of Technology, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1 Jun. 1975 IO p
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, June I , 1975,
D. 2013-2022.
[ContrazsNASw-2513; NAS7-100, Grant
NGR-05-007-004)
~ ~ ~~ ~~
Measuremeits from six O G O - 5 particle a n d field
experiments are used t o examine the structure of the earth's
bow shock during a period of extremely high beta (the
ratio of plasma thermal to magnetic energy density), as
determined from simultaneous measurements of the upstream
plasma on board the HEOS satellite. Even though the
interplanetary field is nearly perpendicular to the shock
normal, the shock is extremely turbulent. Large field increases
are observed up to a factor of 20 above the upstream
values. Ahead of these large enhancements, smaller magnetic
effects accompanied by electrostatic noise, electron heating,
and ion deflection are observed for several minutes. These
observations suggest that a steady-state shock may not be
able to form at very high beta. Further, they show that
while the magnetic energy density may be relatively
u n i m p o r t a n t i n the upstream flow, it can become very
significant within the shock structure, and hence the magnetic
field should not be ignored in theoretical treatments of very
high beta shocks. (Author)
A75-35005*
CURRENT-DRIVEN PLASMA INSTABILITIES AT HIGH
LATITUDES
F. L. Scarf, R. W. Fredricks (TRW Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.), C. T. Russell, M. Kivelson (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.), M . Neugebauer (California
Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Calif.), and C. R. Chappell (NASA, Marshall Space Flight
Center, Huntsville, Ala.) 1 Jun. 1975 II p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, June I , 1975, p.
2030-2040.
(Contracts NASw-2659; NAS5-9092; NAS7-100; Grant
NG R-05-007-004)
Earlier OGO 5 discussions of high-latitude magnetospher-
ic wave-particle interaction phenomena associated with field
aligned current systems are extended by considering some
September 7, 1968, out-bound measurements and
corresponding March 11, 1969, observations, when the
spacecraft was traversing auroral L shells in midafternoon.
It is shown that during moderate magnetospheric disturbances
the most intense waves and currents were detected near
sharp boundaries in the density of polar cleft electrons, and
it is possible that local wave-particle interactions produced
a n o m a l o u s resistivity. Some observed changes in the
electron distribution functions might be explained in terms
V-14
of local acceleration, but significant causal questions about
the dynamics remain open if one can use only local data
from a single spacecraft in this region. (Author)
A75-35007.
IDENTIFICATIONS O F THE POLAR CAP BOUNDARY
AND T H E AURORAL BELT IN THE HIGH-ALTITUDE
MAGNETOSPHERE - A MODEL FOR FIELD-ALIGNED
CURRENTS
M. Sugiura (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, M d . )
I Jun. 1975 12 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 80, June I , 1975, p. 2057-2068.
A7535036
DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION OF THE
M A G N E T O S P H E R I C PLASMA A S CAUSE O F THE
SVALGAARD-MANSUROV EFFECT
H. Volland (Bonn, Universitaet, Bonn, West G e r m a n y )
1 Jun. 1975 5 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 80, June I , 1975, p. 2311-2315.
A correspondence between the geomagnetic variations
a t the geomagnetic poles and the sector polarity of the
interplanetary magnetic field was discovered independently
by Svalgaard (1968) and by Mansurov (1969). Heppner
(1972) noted a dawn-dusk asymmetry in the magnetospheric
electric convection field observed by the OGO 6 satellite with-
in the polar caps at ionospheric altitudes. This asymmetry is
also related to the sector polarity of the interplanetary
magnetic field. It is shown that both effects can be
consistently explained by differential rotation of the
magnetospheric plasma with respect to the earth. V.P.
A75-35040*
REMOTE SENSING O F T H E IONOSPHERIC F LAYER
BY USE O F 0 I 6300-A AND 0 I 1 3 S A
OBSERVATIONS
S. Chandra, E. 1. Reed (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.), R.
R. Meier, C. B. Opal, and G. T. Hicks (U.S. Navy, E. 0.
Hulburt Center for Space Research, Washington, D.C.)
1 Jun. 1975 6 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 80, June I, 1975, p. 2327-2332.
The possibility of using airglow techniques for estimating
the electron density and height of the F layer is studied on
the basis of a simple relationship between the height of the
F2 peak and the column emission rates of the 0 I 6300 A
and 0 I 1356 A lines. The feasibility of this approach is
confirmed by a numerical calculation of F2 peak heights
and electron densities from simultaneous measurements of
0 1 6300 A and 0 I 1356 A obtained with earth-facing
photometers carried by the OGO 4 satellite. Good agreement
is established with the F2 peak heightsestimates from top-side
and bottom-side ionospheric sounding. V.P.
A75-35537*#
IMPULSIVE SOLAR FLARE X-RAYS GREATER THAN
IO Lev AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS O F COSMIC
GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
S. R. Kane (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.) 1975
35 p In: International Conference on X-Rays in Space -
Cosmic, Solar, and Auroral X-Rays. Calgary, Alberta,
C a n a d a , August 14-21, 1974, Proceedings. Volume I.
(A75-35526 16-88) Calgary, Alberta, Canada, University of
Calgary, 1975, p. 271-305.
(Grants NGR-05-003-5 IO; NGL-05-003-017)
Observations of impulsive solar flare X-rays greater than
IO keV are summarized and their interpretation in terms
of nonthermal and thermal electron spectra is discussed. This
is followed by a brief consideration of models of the hard
X-ray source and the requirements of the electron
acceleration process during the flash phase of solar flares.
Finally, the characteristics of the recently discovered cosmic
gamma-ray bursts are compared with those of the impulsive
solar X-ray bursts. If both types of emissions are interpreted

as bremsstrahlung from energetic electrons, then the electron
spectra must be widely different in the two cases. For example,
in case of soiar flares, most of the energy is carried by
electrons with energies of about 5 keV. On the other hand,
electrons with kinetic energy of about 300 keV carry most
of the energy in the cosmic source. (Author)
A7536917
A REVIEW O F IN SITU OBSERVATIONS O F T H E
PLASMAPAUSE
M . J. Rycroft (Southampton, University, Southampton,
England; Houston, University. Houston, Tex.) Mar. 1975
16 p ref (European Geophysical Society, Physics of the
Plasmapause Symposium, 2nd, Trieste, Italy, Sept. 23-26,
1974.) Annales de Geophysique, vol. 31, Jan.-Mar. 1975, p.
I 1-16.
First reviewed are early in situ measurements of the
thermal plasma density decrease, and corresponding
temperature increase, at the plasmapause. Attention is then
concentrated on the modus operandi of and results obtained
by three instruments aboard OGO 5, namely the NASA
GSFC retarding potential analyzer, the Lockheed light ion
mass spectrometer, and the UCL MSSL Langmuir probe.
The detection of the plasmapause near the equatorial plane
by other techniques, such a s LF upper hybrid resonance
noise, ELF/VLF electromagnetic waves, D C electric fields
and energetic charged particle phenomena, IS also
mentioned. Variations of the plasmapause position with
local time and changing geomagnetic activity are
considered. Some suggestions are made for future work.
(Author)
A7536982
PROBING THE PLASMAPAUSE BY GEOMAGNETIC
PULSATIONS
D. Orr (York, University, York, England) Mar. 1975 15 p
refs (European Geophysical Society, Physics of the
Plasmapause Symposium. 2nd. Trieste. Italy. Sept. 23-26,
1974.) Annales de Geophysique, vol. 31, Jan.-Mar. 1975, p.
17-91. Science Research Council
(Contracts SRC-SG/R/ZI/Z; SRC-SG/R/00589)
OGO 5 proton density data are used to predict possible
geomagnetic' pulsation periods for different L shells using
the simplifying assumption t h a t the excited mode of
oscillation is either the axisymmetric toroidal mode o r the
guided poloidal mode. The effect of the plasmapause on
pulsations can be observed in severai ways: in situ satellite
measurements; ground based statistical studies; and
polarization and amplitude studies along a chain of
stations. Information from these approaches is reviewed. The
plasmapause position during the daytime can be estimated
from the previous nighttime Kp index; an enhancement in
the detection of Pc 3 when the geomagnetic field line
associated with the observatory links the plasmatrough has
been found, while Pc 4 amplitudes are increased within the
plasmasphere. A similar study with Pc 1 indicates that the
source of these events is often at the plasmapause. The large
plasma density change at the plasmapause could result in
surface waves being generated there from impulsive
disturbances; the anticipated polarization pattern at
different latitudes is discussed and compared with Pi 2
observations. (Author)
A75-36988
VLF AND ELF EMISSIONS
T. R. Kaiser and K. Bullough (Sheffield, University, Sheffield,
England) Mar. 1975 5 p refs (European Geophysical
Society, Physics of the Plasmapause Symposium, 2nd. Trieste,
Italy, Sept. 23-26, 1974.) Annales de Geophysique, vol. 31,
Jan.-Mar. 1975, p. 137-141.
The mutual interaction of waves and particles in the
presence of ambient plasma plays a dominant role in the
physics of the magnetosphere; the principal processes appear
to be resonant interactions of the cyclotron and Heaviside
(Cerenkov) type. The mechanisms operative in the vicinity
of the plasmapause are briefly outlined and recent results
A75-38275
from magnetospheric and near-earth satellites are reviewed.
Thus ELF hiss appears to fill the plasmasphere while chorus
is limited to the region between the plasmapause and trapping
boundaries. The nature of the observed emissions is also
dependent on the propagation characteristics between the
generation region and the satellite, in which the plasmapause
boundary may play an important role. VLF observations
have revealed longitudinal structure in the outer plasmasphere
which may have a lifetime of a day or so as well as a
marked maximum of emissions at midlatitudes in the
American hemisphere. Storm-time variations in the emissions
are related to changes in both particle populations and the
magnetospheric and plasmaspheric configurations. (Author)
A1531031.
A C C E S S O F SOLAR ELECTRONS TO THE POLAR
REGIONS
E. Nielsen and M. A. Pomerantz (Franklin Institute, Bartol
Research Foundation, Swarthmore, Pa.) Jun. 1975 I O p
refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 23, June 1975, p.
945-954. NASA-supported research.
Riometric and forward-scatter radio-wave absorption
measurements at high polar latitudes in both hemispheres
are compared with absorption calculations based on satellite
observations in the magnetosheath to determine whether a
north-south asymmetry in the solar electron flux occurred
during a polar-cap absorption (PCA) event. Detection of
solar electrons in interplanetary space is shown to have
occurred simultaneously with detection of H F radio-wave
absorption, indicating that the initial stage of the PCA was
due to the arrival of solar electrons. A north-south asymmetry
is observed in the electron flux, and it is found that the
flux precipitating over the South Pole did not exceed the
mean unidirectional intensity of the electrons detected in
space. The ratio between fluxes in the low and high polar
latitude regions over Antarctica during a period of solar
electron anisotropy is found to be comparable with that
obtained during periods of isotropy. These results are shown
to be consistent with the idea of an open magnetosphere
and with the conclusion that an anisotropic solar electron
flux may be rendered isotropic at the magnetopause.F.G.M.
A7537352*
IMPULSIVE /FLASH/ PHASE O F SOLAR FLARES -
HARD X-RAY, MICROWAVE, EUV A N D O P T I C A L
2BSERVATIONS
J. R. Kane (California, University, Berkeiey, Caiii. j i974
37 p refs In: Coronal disturbances; Proceedings of the
Symposium, Surfer's Paradise, Queensland, Australia,
September 7-1 I , 1973. Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co.,
1974, p. 105-141; Discussion, p. 141.
(Grants NGL-05-003-017; NGR-05-003-5 IO)
A7538275
PLASMA FU)W HYPOTHESIS IN THE
MAGNETOSPHERE R E LA T I NG T O F R E Q U E N C Y
SHIFT O F ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA WAVES
H. Oya (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan) 1 Jul. 1975
7 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, July I,
1975, p. 2783-2789.
The frequency dynamic spectrum indicating a monotonic
frequency shift of the electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic
wave emissions in the data of VLF electric field observations
by OGO 5 has been detected i n the midnight and dawn
meridians outside the plasmapause; the emissions are
produced from turbulent areas in the plasma states that
include the temperature anisotropy, loss cone velocity
distribution, of the double hump in the velocity distribution
function. The frequency shift is also observed for the case
of the emissions in the magnetosheath near the subsolar
point. These frequency shifts are interpreted on a hypothesis
of the Doppler effects of the plasma waves due to the plasma
flow with respect to the satellite frame. The speeds of the
plasma flow are obtained and have a range from 150 to
300 km/sec. Disruption of the plasma flow due to the
v-15
A75-4 1805
magnetic field bumps may produce the turbulent source
generating the Harris type or beam type instabilities that
generate the electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic
waves. (Author)
A75-41805*
ANGULAR DlSTRlBUTlONSOF SOLAR PROTONS AND
E LE CTRO N S
E . Nielsen, M. A. Pomerantz (Franklin Institute, Bartol
Research Foundation, Swarthmore, Pa.), and H. L. West,
Jr. (California, University, Livermore, Calif.) Aug. 1975
16 p refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 23, Aug. 1975,
p. 1179-1 194.
(Grants NGR-39-005- 105; NSG-7 109)
High angular-resolution measurements of directional
fluxes of solar particles in space have been obtained with
detectors aboard OGO-5 during the cosmic ray event of
Nov. 18, 1968. This is the only case on record for which
sharply-defined directional observations of protons and
electrons covering a wide rigidity range (0.3 MV to 1.5 GV)
are available. The satellite experiment provided data f o r
determining pitch-angle distributions with respect to the
direction of the local interplanetary magnetic field lines during
the lengthy highly anisotropic phase of the event. The results
have been interpreted in the light of the temporal flux profiles
and the state of the interplanetary medium. (Author)
A75-42726*
THE GIDBAL CHARACTERISTICS O F ATMOSPHERIC
EMISSIONS IN THE LOWER THERMOSPHERE AND
THEIR AERONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
E. L. Reed and S. Chandra (NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt,
Md.) I Aug. 1975 IO p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 80, Aug. I, 1975, p. 3053-3062.
The green line (555.7 nm) of atomic oxygen and the
Herzberg bands of molecular oxygen (measured between 250
and 280 nm) as observed from the OGO 4 airglow photometer
from August 1967 through January 1968 are discussed in
terms of their spatial and temporal distributions and their
relation to the atomic oxygen content in the lower
thermosphere. Daily maps of the distribution of emissions
show considerable structure (cells, patches, and bands) with
appreciable changes from day to day. When data are averaged
over periods of several days in length, the resulting patterns
have only occasional tendencies t o follow geomagnetic
parallels. The seasonal variation is characterized by maxima
in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in October,
the Northern Hemisphere having substantially higher emission
rates. These maxima tend to move toward the poles, leaving
very low values of emission at low latitudes i n December
and January. Noting the similarity of the atomic oxygen
profiles in the lower thermosphere to the profile of a Chapman
distribution, formulae are derived relating the vertical column
emission rates of the green line and the Herzberg bands to
the atomic oxygen peak density. (Author)
A75-42744*
P I O N E E R 9 AND O G O 5 OBSERVATIONS O F AN
INTERPLANETARY MULTIPLE SHOCK E N S E M B L E
O N FEBRUARY 2,1%9
M . Dryer, 2 . K. Smith ( N O A A , Space Environment
Laboratory, Boulder, Colo.), T. Unti (California Institute
of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.),
J. D. Mihalov, B. F. Smith, J. H. Wolfe, D. S. Colburn
(NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.), and
C. P. Sonett (Arizona, University, Tucson, Ariz.) 1 Aug.
1975 10 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80,
Aug. I , 1975, p. 3225-3234.
A multiple shock system was observed upstream (0.13
au) of the earth by Pioneer 9 on February 2, 1969. The
same system was observed at earth by OGO 5 and was
reported separately in the literature. This paper compares
the two sets of observations in still further detail. Both
magnetic-field and plasma data are used in a least-squares
best-fit method to compute the characteristics of the fast
V-16
forward shock wave (Pioneer 9 only) and two fast reverse
shock waves. Nearly all major features (shock, piston, and
tangential discontinuity) retained their characteristics during
the transit of the shock ensemble from Pioneer 9 to OGO
5. The genesis of the ensemble is believed to be due to a
complex stream-stream interaction. A substantial density
increase (including a large rise of alpha/proton abundance)
at OGO 5, but unobserved at Pioneer 9, is explained by a
sudden meridional shift to a flow from below the ecliptic
plane while the streams were en route to earth. This study
demonstrates a spatial and temporal plasma inhomogeneity
which is superimposed on the persistent major features.
(Author)
- .- _-. .-
.A7U27AS'
MAGNETOSPHERIC CHORUS - A M P L I T U D E A N D
GROWTH RATE
W. J . Burtis a n d R . A. Helliwell (Stanford University,
Stanford, Calif.) I Aug. 1975 6 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Aug. 1, 1975, p. 3265-3270.
(Grant
' NGL-05-020-008\
A n e w study of the implitude of magnetospheric chorus
with 1966-1967 data from the Stanford University/Stanford
Research Institute VLF receivers on OGO I and OGO 3
has confirmed the band-limited character of magnetospheric
chorus in general and the double-banding of near-equatorial
chorus. Chorus amplitude tended to be inversely correlated
with frequency, implying lower intensities at lower L
values. Individual chorus emissions often showed a
characteristic amplitude variation, with rise times of IO to
300 ms, a short duration at peak amplitude, and decay times
of 100 to 3000 msec. Growth was often approximately
exponential, with rates from 200 to nearly 2000 dB/sec. Rate
of change of frequency was found in many cases to be
independent of emission amplitude, in agreement with the
cyclotron feedback theory of chorus (Helliwell, 1967, 1970).
(Author)
. - ._ .-
.AlS-43792'
SLOW X-RAY BURSTS AND FLARES WITH FILAMENT
- .-. .- . ..- . .
DISRIIPTION
J.-R. Roy (Utrecht, Rijksuniversiteit. Utrecht, Netherlands)
and F. Tang (Big Bear Solar Observatory, Pasadena, Calif.)
Jun. 1975 15 p refs Solar Physics, vol. 42, June 1975, p.
425-439.
(Grant NGR-05-002-294; Contract F19628-73-C-0085)
The data from OGO-5 and OSO-7 X-ray experiments
have been compared with optical data from six chromospheric
flares with filament disruption associated with slow thermal
X-ray bursts. Filament activation accompanied by a slight
X-ray enhancement precedes the first evidence of H-alpha
flare by a few minutes. Rapid increase of the soft X-ray
flux accompanies the phase of fastest expansion of the
filament. Plateau or slow decay phases in the X-ray flux
a r e associated with slowing and termination of filament
expansion. The soft X-ray flux increases as F approaches
(A + Bh)h, where h is the height of the disrupted prominence
at any given time and A and B are constants. We suggest
that the soft X-ray emission originates from a growing shell
of roughly constant thickness of high-temperature plasma
due to the compression of the coronal gas by the expanding
prominence . (Author)
A7546232
~ ~.___
SUBSTORM EFFECTS O N T H E N E U T R A L S H E E T
INSIDE 10 EARTH RADII
B. T. Thomas and P. C. Hedeecock (Imoerial Colleee of
Science and Technology, LondYon, Englan'd) 1975 -16 p
refs I n : The magnetospheres of the Earth and Jupiter;
Proceedings of the Neil Brice Memorial Symposium, Frascati,
Italy, May 28-June I , 1974. (A7546227 23-91) Dordrecht,
D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1975, p. 55-70. Research supported
by the Science Research Council of England.
Magnetic field and substorm activity data from OGO 5,
HEOS I , and ATS I are analyzed along with ground
magnetograms which show that a well-defined neutral sheet

can be observed near midnight at geocentric distances as
small as 7-8 earth radii. Comparison of observations with
auroral electrojet indices shows that the neutral sheet was
observed inside 10 earth radii following the onset of a
substorm and during generally disturbed periods. It was absent
during late recovery phase of substorms or during quiet
periods. The observations also indicate that during the growth
phase of a substorm the plasma sheet thins at geocentric
distances near 10 earth radii, and prior to the onset it can
be less than 0.5 earth radii in half thickness. P.T.H.
A75-46238*
EVIDENCE FOR MAGNETIC FIELD LINE
RECONNECTION IN THE SOLAR WIND
V. Formisano (CNR, Laboratorio per il Plasma nello Spazio,
Frascati, Italy) and E. Amata (Imperial College of Science
and Technology, London, England) 1975 13 p refs In:
The magnetospheres of the Earth and Jupiter; Proceedings
of the Neil Brice Memorial Symposium, Frascati, Italy, May
28-June I, 1974. Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1975,
p. 205-217. Research supported by the Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche and Science Research Council of England.
(Grant NGR-05-007-004)
The basic scheme of Petschek's (1963) models for slow
and fast magnetic reconnection in the solar wind is reviewed
in order to determine what sort of results one would expect
from satellite observations of possible reconnection
processes. Data from HEOS 1 and OGO 5 are then analyzed,
in which four observations of neutral sheet structures with
large change of magnetic field direction were made. All four
may be interpreted as indicating magnetic line reconnections
rather than as D-sheets because they all show two distinct
discontinuities which bound a lower magnetic field intensity
region. The geometry of the magnetic field in the reconnection
region appears to be similar to that described by Petschek.
In one case the reconnection rate is in agreement with
Petschek's prediction, but in the other three cases it is much
larger than his limit. The reconnection rates observed do,
however, agree with Sonnerup's (1972) limit. P.T.H.
A75-46269*
EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE INFERRED FROM THE
AEROSA NEUTRAL COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT
S. Chandra and N. W. Spencer (NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres,
Greenbelt, Md.) I Sep. 1975 7 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Sept. I, 1975, p. 3615-3621.
The derivation of exospheric temperature from satellite
drag measurements is based on an assumption of invariant
conditions of the neutral atmosphere at 120 km. Since it
has been established that atomic oxygen, which is usually
the m a j o r neutral constituent in the region of drag
measurements, is subject to considerable variability with
season, latitude, and solar and geomagnetic activity in the
altitude region of 120 km. its value as an indicator of
exospheric temperature is questionable. OGO 6 neutral mass
spectrometer measurements revealed that molecular nitrogen
is a better indicator of exospheric temperature, since it is
not subject to changes caused by eddy mixing and is therefore
relatively less variable near the turbopause. However,
theoretical arguments show that argon, even though it is a
minor constituent, is relatively less variable with respect to
changes in eddy diffusion coefficient and hence a better
indicator of exospheric temperature than 0 and N2. In this
paper the relative merits of these gases for deriving exospheric
temperature are investigated by using observational data
from the Aeros-A Nate experiment. (Author)
A75-46285'
T H E D O M I N A N T M O D E O F STANDING ALFVEN
WAVES A T THE SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT
W. D. Cummins, C. Countee, D. Lyons, and W. Wiley, 111
(Grambling State University, Grambling, La.) 1 Sep. 1975
4 p Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Sept. 1, 1975,
p. 3705-3708.
(Grant NGR-19-011-007)
A76- 10 136
Low-frequency oscillations of the earth's magnetic field
recorded by a magnetometer on board ATS 1 have been
examined for the &month interval between January and June
1968. Using evidence from OGO 5 and ATS 5 as well as
the data from ATS 1, it is argued that the dominant mode
at ATS 1 must be the fundamental rather than the second
harmonic of a standing Alfven wave. It is concluded that
these transverse oscillations are more accurately associated
with magnetically disturbed days than with quiet days. From
14 instances when oscillations of distinctly different periods
occurred during the same time interval at ATS 1, it is also
concluded that higher harmonics can exist. The period ratio
in seven of the 14 cases corresponds to the simultaneous
occurrence of the second harmonic with the fundamental,
and four other cases could be identified as the simultaneous
occurrence of the fourth harmonic with the fundamental.
(Author)
A75-46289*
SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS O F NITRIC OXIDE IN
THE POLAR REGION
D. W. Rusch (Michigan, University, Ann Arbor, Mich.) and
C. A. Barth (Colorado, University, Boulder, Colo.) 1 Sep.
1975 3 p Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Sept.
1, 1975, p. 3719-3721.
(Grant NGR-(M003- 127)
Ultraviolet measurements of the (1, 0) gamma band of
nitric oxide in fluorescence by a satellite at high latitudes
show nitric oxide concentrations which are highly variable
in both time and space. The average nitric oxide concentration
is 3 to 4 times higher at high latitudes than at midlatitudes.
If auroral activity is responsible for the larger nitric oxide
densities and if the reaction N(2D) + 0 2 is the source of
NO, then auroral processes must be more efficient in the
production of N(2D) atoms than dayglow processes.
(Author)
A75-46822*
ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION OF HEAVY N U C L E I
BETWEEN 10 AND 60 MeV PER NUCLEON DURING
INTERPLANETARY QUIET TIMES I N 1968-1972
A. Mogro-Camper0 and J. A. Simpson (Chicago, University,
Chicago, 111.) I5 Sep. 1975 14 p refs Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 200, Sept. 15, 1975, pt. I, p. 773-786.
(Contract NAS5-9366; Grants NGL-14-001-006 NSF
GA-38913X; )
Results are reported for measurements of the relative
abundances of nuclei from boron through iron in the energy
range between 10 and 60 MeV/nucleon which were made
with an instrument on board OGO 5 during the period of
changing solar modulation from 1968 to 1971. The
investigation was conducted to determine whether the heavy
nuclei in this energy range were of solar or galactic origin.
It is found that the relative abundances are in good agreement
with the nuclear abundances of galactic cosmic rays, that
the differential energy spectra of carbon and oxygen at
these energies diverged from the characteristic modulated
galactic spectrum, that changes in the C + N + 0 flux
during this period underwent a temporal phase lag with
respect to high-energy galactic cosmic rays, and that this
phase lag was the same as that for helium nuclei of galactic
origin with energies of 30 to 100 MeV/nucleon. It is concluded
that the experimental evidence favors a galactic origin for
the present nuclei. Some implications of the energy-spectrum
results for cosmic-ray modulation theory are discussed.
F.G.M.
A76-10136'
THERMAL A N D NONTHERMAL INTERPRETATIONS
O F FLARE X-RAY BURSTS
~ ~~~~~~~
S. Kahler (American Science and Engineering, Inc.,
Cambridge, Mass.) 1975 21 p ref In: Solar gamma-, X-,
and EUV radiation; Proceedings of the Symposium, Buenos
Aires, Argentina, June 11-14. 1974. Dordrecht, D. Reidel
Publishing Co., 1975, p. 211-231.
Various authors have presented arguments for either the
V-17
A 7 6 12272
thermal or the nonthermal interpretations of impulsive E
greater than 20 KeV X-ray bursts and slowly varying E less
than 10 keV X-ray bursts. Arguments are presented for and
against the prevailing opinion that the impulsive bursts are
nonthermal and the slowly varying bursts are thermal. For
the impulsive bursts, the spectra, electron mean free paths,
center-to-limb distributions of both the numbers of events
and spectra of events, and polarization data as relevant criteria
are discussed. For the slowly varying events, electron self
collision times, distribution of X-ray temporal parameters,
associated gradual rise and fall radio bursts, spectral and
time profiles of special events and center-to-limb
distributions of numbers of events as the relevant criteria
are examined. (Author)
A76-12272
WAVES AND WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN
T H E MAGNETOSPHERE - A REVIEW
R. Gendrin (Groupe de Recherches lonospheriques,
Issy-les-Moulineaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France) Nov. 1975
56 p refs Space Science Reviews, vol. 18, Nov. 1975, p.
145-200.
Recent space observations of waves, both electromagnetic
and electrostatic, are reviewed and the role which they can
play in the dynamics of magnetospheric particles is stressed.
Wave particle interactions (WPI) in the exo- and
intra-plasmaspheric media depend on the exact process of
particle injection under the influence of magnetospheric
electric fields, and on the spatial distribution of the cold
plasma particles; these two aspects of the problem are studied
to some extent. The concepts of optimum cold plasma
density, critical energy, limiting flux, marginal stability,
steady-state equlibrium are critically discussed. The nonlinear
aspects - both experimental and theoretical - of WPl’s are
reviewed and a special section is devoted to active
experiments in space. An attempt is made to outline which
kind of experiments could be made at high-latitudes, in
conjunction with IMS spacecrafts, in order to arrive at a
better understanding of magnetospheric processes involving
waves and particles. (Author)
A76-14318
STRUCTURE O F ELECTRODYNAMIC AND PARTICLE
HEATING IN THE UNDISTURBED POLAR
THERMOSPHERE
D. R. Taeusch and B. B. Hinton (Michigan, University,
Ann Arbor, Mich.) 1 Nov. 1975 5 p Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 80, Nov. 1. 1975, p. 4346-4350.
(Grant NSF 75-01486)
This paper describes the variations in N2 densities in
the polar regions above W k m altitude as measured by
the Ogo 6 neutral atmospheric composition experiment. These
variations are magnetically controlled and have persistent
features which are associated with localized heating effects.
These are identified with electrodynamic and particle heating
sources. Neutral N2 enhancements are a persistent feature
in the polar cusp and postmidnight westward electrojet.
Regions of the N2 density variability are localized in magnetic
local time. (Author)
A7614838
V L F P R O P A G A T I O N IN T H E MAGNETOSPHERE
DURING SUNRISE AND SUNSET HOURS
F. Walter (Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica, Sao Jose
dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil) a n d R. R . Scarabucci
(Campinas, Universidade Estadual, Campinas, Sao Paulo,
Brazil) Nov. 1975 7 p refs Radio Science, vol. 10, Nov.
1975, p. 965-971. Research supported by the lnstituto de
Atividades Espaciais.
Whistlers observed o n records of the OGO-4 satellite
during the sunset/sunrise hours show evidence of both the
proresonance ( P R ) a n d prolongitudinal (PL) mode of
propagation. By tracing rays in a model magnetosphere
suitable for these hours, the whistlers observed on these
records are reproduced. The upper cutoff frequency presented
in the walking trace whistlers appears naturally as a
V-18
consequence of the inclusion of latitudinal gradients i n the
electron density model. A new whistler trace is predicted
which appears as a consequence of the transition from the
PR to the PL mode of propagation. (Author)
A76- 1 6 91
T H E TEMPERATURE GRADIENT BETWEEN 100 AND
120 KM
T. M. Donahue and G. R. Carignan (Michigan, University,
Ann Arbor, Mich.) 1 Dec. 1975 5 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Dec. 1, 1975, p. 4565-4569.
(Contract NAS5-11077; Grants NGR-39-011-155; NSF
DES-74-21598)
Oxygen density profiles inferred from OGO 6 green
nightglow emission vary too sharply between 100 and 120
km to be consistent with temperature gradients in standard
model atmospheres, and the eddy diffusion coefficient K
determined from these observations reaches its maximum
below 115 km. For three atomic oxygen profiles obtained
at geographic latitudes of -27.69, +48.89, and +59.10 the
temperature profiles required to create a downward flux that
varies with altitude as the integrated photolytic production
rate above that altitude are calculated, assuming K to be
invariant with altitude and latitude. The oxygen distribution
can be reconciled with a constant eddy coefficient above
100 km if the temperature gradient reaches a value between
10 and 20 deg K/km for low values of the eddy coefficient
(about 500,000sq cm/sec) or between 30 and 50 deg K/km
for a higher eddy coefficient (about 1.6 million sq cm/sec).
The maximum gradient for the Jacchia (1971) model is about
10 deg K/km. These temperature profiles predict A r / N
ratios consistent with those measured by sounding rockets.
The low K profiles are large enough to remove a large part
of the solar energy deposited below 120 km by thermal
conduction. C.K.D.
__
- .- - - .
.A7f+165nIa
PROPERTIES O F ELF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN
AND ABOVE T H E EARTH’S IONOSPHERE DEDUCED
FROM PLASMA WAVE EXPERIMENTSON THEOVI-17
AND OGO 6 SATELLITES
M. C. Kelley (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), B. T .
Tsurutani (California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.), and F. S. Mozer (California,
University, Berkeley, Calif.) 1 Dec. 1975 9 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Dec. 1, 1975, p.
4603-46 1 1.
(Contract NAS7-100, Grants N00014-69-A-0200- 1015;
N00014-75-C-0780)
A76-16514*
A C O M P A R I S O N O F ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC
FIELD DATA FROM THE OGO 6 SPACECRAFT
R. A. Langel (NASA, G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Geophysics Branch, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Dec. 1975 13 p
refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80, Dec. 1, 1975,
p. 4661-4673.
Previous studies of O G O 6 electric-field data and
magnetic-field magnitude observations have indicated a
distinct dependence of disturbance characteristics on
interplanetary-sector polarity. Examination of simultaneous
data below 600 km over the summer polar cap shows that
changes in electric-field patterns and the disturbance patterns
In magnetic-field magnitude are highly correlated. This
correlation extends to pattern shapes, boundary locations,
and the amplitudes of the correlated quantities. In the winter
hemisphere at altitudes above 800 km, correlations between
boundaries exist, pattern correlations are present but not as
strong as at low altitudes in s u m m e r , a n d amplitude
correlations are essentially absent. These studies verify that
below 600 km, the region of positive magnetic-field
magnitude, from 2200 t o 1000 magnetic local time (MLT),
receives a significant contribution from both ionospheric and
nonionospheric sources. Above 800 km, the nonionospheric
sources dominate. These data are also consistent with the

existence of a latitudinally broad current system at sunlit
magnetic local times a s the source of the negative-magnitude
region between loo0 and 2200 MLT. In this region, broad
structures in electric-field patterns and in magnetic-field
magnitude patterns are highly correlated. Multiple peaks in
the negative-magnitude, presumably identified with t h e
multiple peaks in negative electric-field magnitude found by
Langel (1973) in average surface data, occur when the
electric-field pattern has multiple reversals near dusk.
(Author)
A76-16522*
A NEW INTERPRETATION O F SUBPROTONOSPHERIC
WHISTLER CHARACTERISTICS
R. Raghuram (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.) 1 Dec.
1975 3 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 80,
Dec. 1, 1975, p. 47294731.
(Grant N G L-05-020-008)
Propagation paths of subprotonospheric (SP) whistlers
are studied on the basis of OGO 4 satellite data and ray
tracing. SP whistler components picked up at a point in the
ionosphere are associated with wave packets entering the
lower ionosphere at different latitudes and traversing different
paths. Reflection of a downcoming SP whistler component
near the ion cutoff frequency is accompanied by a tone whose
frequency increases with time. Horizontal gradients in the
ionosphere are shown t o play a major role in reflection of
ELF waves at heights of about lo00 km. The combination
of SP whistler and rising-tone component is examined as a
possible useful diagnostic probe of the plasma structure of
:hc ionosphere. R.D.V.
A76-18436.
OcO-6 OBSERVATIONS O F 5577 A
T. M. Donahue (Pittsburgh, University, Pittsburgh, Pa.) 1975
19 p refs In: Atmospheres of Earth and the planets;
Proceedings of the Summer Advanced Study Institute, Liege,
Belgium, July 29-August 9, 1974. Dordrecht, D. Reidel
Publishing Co., 1975, p. 289-307.
(Contract NAS5-11077; Grants NGR-39-011-155; NSF
GA-27638; NSF GA-37744)
A brief review is given of the data obtained by the
horizon-scanning 5577-A airglow photometer flown aboard
OGO 6 . Data are presented which show the contributions
to the 5577-A emission from the F-1 region and the Chapman
airglow layer. Emission rates are calculated for both regions
on the basis of the dissociative-recombination and Chapman
reactions, and the atomic oxygen density and downward flux
are inferred from the emission rates and several assumptions
concerning the temperature dependence of the rate
constants. Latitude variations in the emission rates are
discussed along with variations in the altitude of the 5577-A
airglow. It is shown that there is a large semiannual variation
in the average effective transport properties of the lower
thermosphere, that the atomic oxygen profiles near 110 km
suggest a maximum in eddy diffusion at about that altitude,
and that systematic variations in the altitude of the atomic
oxygen maximum probably d o not exceed 2 km. F.G.M.
A76-1%13*
POLAR ENHANCEMENTS OF NIGHTGLOW
EMISSIONS NEAR 6230A
E. I. Reed (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory
for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Jan. 1976 4 p
ref Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 3, Jan. 1976, p. 5-8.
Night airglow emissions near 6230A. as observed from
the OGO 4 spacecraft in 1967-8, show enhancements at polar
latitudes by more than a factor of ten over mid and low
latitude values. The enhancements are generally not
symmetrical with either the north pole or the auroral oval.
They are attributed in part to increases in the Meinel band
emissions of OH, particularly as associated with a
stratospheric warming event, and in part to increases in nitric
oxide densities in the lower thermosphere. (Author)
A7621456
A76-19838*
T H E ROLE O F COULOMB COLLISIONS IN LIMITING
DIFFERENTIAL FIBW AND TEMPERATURE
DIFFERENCES IN THE SOLAR WIND
M. Neugebauer (California Institute of Technology, J e t
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1 Jan. 1976 5 p
refs Journal of Geophysical
. . Research, vol. 81, Jan. 1, 1976,
p. 78-82.
(Contract NAS7-100)
Data obtained by OGO 5 are used to confirm IMP 6
observations of an inverse dependence of the
helium-to-hydrogen temperature ratio in the solar wind on
the ratio of solar-wind expansion time to the
Coulomb-collision equipartition time. The analysis is then
extended to determine the relation of the difference between
the hydrogen and helium bulk velocities (the differential flow
vector) with the ratio between the solar-wind expansion time
and the time required for Coulomb collisions to slow down
a beam of ions passing through a plasma. It is found that
the magnitude of the differential flow vector vanes inversely
with the time ratio when the latter is small and approaches
zero when it is large. These results are shown to suggest a
model of continuous preferential heating and acceleration
of helium (or cooling and deceleration of hydrogen), which
is cancelled or limited by Coulomb collisions by the time
the plasma has reached 1 au. Since the average dependence
of the differential flow vector on the time ratio cannot
explain all the systematic variations of the vector observed
in corotating high-velocity streams, it is concluded t h a t
additional helium acceleration probably occurs on the leading
edge of such streams. F.G.M.
A7C19839*
SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS O F HIGH-ALTITUDE
TWILIGHT MC(PLUS) EMISSION
J.-C. Gerard (Liege, Universite, Ougree, Belgium) 1 Jan.
1976 5 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81,
Jan. 1, 1976, p. 83-87.
(Grant NGR-06-003-127)
Observations made by the ultraviolet spectrometer on
board the orbiting geophysical observatory OGO 4 confirmed
the presence of resonance scattering at 2800 A of Mg(plus)
ions in the twilight subtropical ionosphere. T h e c o l u m n
density reached 4 billion ions/sq cm above 160 km.
Photometric measurements by the ESRO T D 1 satellite
rcveaied a maximum of the Mg(p1iis) abuiidance a: equiiioxes
in the top side F region. The interhemisphere asymmetries
observed in the intensity distribution are essentially attributed
to the effect of eastward thermospheric winds. The 2800-A
doublet was also detected by OGO 4 at middle and high
latitudes from 110 to 250 km. The brightness of the emission
and other evidence indicate that evaporation of meteoritic
matter cannot explain the abundance of ions at 200 km.
Therefore Mg(plus) ions are probably transported upward
from the 100-km permanent source layer. (Author)
A76-19854*
THE UPPER- AND LOWER-FREQUENCY CUTOFFS O F
MAGNETOSPHERICALLY REFLECTED WHISTLERS
B. C. Edgar (Aerospace Corp., Laboratory Operations, Los
Angeles, Calif.) 1 Jan. 1976 7 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 81, Jan. 1, lY76, p. 205-211.
(Contract F04701-74-C-0075; Grant NGL-05-020-008)
.A- 7. -h -
2 -l d_-
-
U
AN EXPLANATION O F THE LONGITUDINAL
V A R I A T I O N O F T H E 0 1 D (630 N M ) T R O P I C A L
NIG HTC LOW INTENSITY
G. Thuillier (CNRS, Service d’Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France), J. W. King, and A.
J. Slater (Science Research Council, Appleton Laboratory,
Slough, Berks., England) Feb. 1976 4 p Journal of
Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Feb. 1976, p.
155-158.
V- 19
A7622081
A76-22081*
O N T H E CAUSES O F SPECTRAL ENHANCEMENTS IN
SOLAR WIND POWER SPECTRA
T . Unti (California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) and C. T. Russell (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.) I Feb. 1976 14 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Feb. 1. 1976, p.
469-482.
(Contract NAS7-100)
Enhancements in power spectra of the solar-wind ion
flux in the frequency neighborhood of 0.5 Hz had been noted
by Unti et al. (1973). It was speculated that these were due
to convected small-scale density irregularities. In this paper,
54 flux spectra calculated from OGO 5 data are examined.
It is seen that the few prominent spectral peaks which occur
were not generated by density irregularities, but were due
to several different causes, including convected discontinuities
and propagating transverse waves. A superposition of many
spectra, however, reveals a moderate enhancement at a
frequency corresponding t o convected features with a
correlation length of a proton gyroradius, consistent with
the results of Neugebauer (1975). (Author)
A76-22086*
NEW RESULTS ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN
LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS AND AURORAL HISS
T. Laaspere (Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.) and R.
A. H o f f m a n ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Md.) I Feb. 1976 7 p ref Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 81. Feb. I , 1976, p. 524-530.
(Grant NGR-30-001-041)
The results of a VLF (0.3-18 kHz) experiment aboard
OGO 4 are compared with simultaneous data obtained by
the satellite o n precipitating electrons at 0.7, 2.3, and 7.3
keV to determine the source of the auroral hiss band in
the night side auroral zone. At these energies the correlation
with VLF auroral hiss IS best at 0.7 keV and worst at 7.3
keV. Auroral electrons in the keV range may enhance the
intensity of VLF auroral hiss on the night side, but the
predominant source of night side hiss appears to be electrons
of energies below 0.7 keV. Auroral hiss tends to occur
simultaneously over a broad range of frequencies. A study
based on OGO 6 data has revealed a lack of correlation
between keV electrons and LF auroral hiss. These
observations suggest that hiss of all frequencies is generated
by electrons with energies below about 1 keV. The excellent
correlation between auroral hiss and 0.7 keV electrons in
the day time cleft is apparently maintained when the region
of very soft electron precipitation is in motion. C.K.D.
A76-22092
OBSERVATIONS O F P R O T O N S W I T H E N E R G I E S
EXCEEDING 100 keV IN THE EARTH'S
MAGNETOSHEATH
H. 1. West, Jr. and R. M. Buck (California, University,
Livermore, Calif.) 1 Feb. 1976 16 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Feb. I, 1976, p. 569-584.
ERDA-sponsored research.
A comprehensive study of energetic protons (100 to 1300
keV) in the magnetosheath is presented, based o n OGO 5
observations of bursts of such protons in the sheath and
in the upstream wave region beyond the earth's bow shock
during periods of generally enhanced solar and
geomagnetic activity in 1968. A summary of the described
observations shows that: ( I ) the major bursts tend to appear
near the magnetopause in the afternoon magnetosheath, (2)
the proton bursts often correlate with depressions in the
sheath magnetic field and usually correlate with enhanced
m agnetic-field turbulence, (3) the directional distrlbutions
generally coincide with the plasma flow direction, (4) the
flux intensities show a fairly good correlation with K p index,
(5) the peak unidirectional spectra and fluxes in the sheath
near the magnetopause are often quite similar to those in
the nearby magnetosphere, (6) the main fluxes of upstream
protons usually come from the solar-wind direction, and (7)
magnetopause boundary-layer effects are often associated with
v-20
the fluxes. It is shown that many features of the directional
distributions can be explained through a combination of the
Compton-Getting effect, proton-flux spatial gradients, and
free streaming of protons along field lines away from the
source region. Possible sources of the sheath protons
considered include escape from the magnetosphere,
acceleration in the magnetosheath, acceleration in the bow
shock, and acceleration in the upstream wave region with
leakage into the magnetosheath. F.G.M.
A7622105*
HIGH-LATITUDE TROUGHS AND THE POLAR CAP
BOUNDARY
J. M. Grebowsky, A. J. Chen, and H. A. Taylor, Jr. (NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Feb. 1976
5 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Feb. 1,
1976, p. 690-694.
OGO 6 observations of troughs in the thermal plasma
densities in the topside ionosphere are discussed. Ion mass
spectrometer measurements were correlated with energetic
electron detector and electric field measurements. It is shown
that the variation of ion composition at high latitudes is
complex and frequently characterized by mid-latitude and
high-latitude density depression. Prominent high-latitude
troughs in the atomic ion (H, He, 0) distributions were
seen to lie frequently near the polar cap boundary. This
indicates that these troughs are unrelated to the plasmapause
which is found on closed magnetic field lines away from
the trapping boundary. The production of the high-latitude
troughs is shown to be related to enhancements in the soft
electron flux and/or to the convection electric field. B.J.
A16-22101*
DEPENDENCE O F THE LATITUDE O F THE CLEFT ON
T H E INTERPLANETARY M A G N E T I C F I E L D A N D
SUBSTORM ACTIVITY
Y. Kamide (Alaska, University, Fairbanks, Alaska;
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
Boulder, Colo.), J. L. Burch (NASA, Marshall Space Flight
Center, Magnetospheric and Plasma Physics Branch,
Huntsville, Ala.), J. D. Winningham (Texas, University,
Richardson, Tex.), and S.-I. Akasofu (Alaska, University,
Fairbanks, Alaska) 1 Feb. 1976 7 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Feb. I , 1976, p. 698-704.
(Grant NGR-44-044- 150; Contract F19628-75-C-0032;
Grants NSF GA-33094; NSF DES-74-23832)
T h e latitudinal motion of the cleft (the polar cusp)
associated with the southward interplanetary magnetic field
(IMF) and substorm activity is examined. The cleft location
is identified on the basis of the location of midday auroras
and of electron precipitation by the OGO 4 and lSlS 1
satellites. It is found that the I M F and substorm activity
control independently the latitude of the cleft and that they
can shift the cleft location by 3 or 4 deg under average
conditions. (Author)
A7622490*
BEHAVIOR O F T H E S O D I U M A N D H Y D R O X Y L
NIGHTTIME EMISSIONS DURING A STRATOSPHERIC
WARMING
J. D. Walker (Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio)
a n d E . I . Reed (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Jan.
1976 13 p refs (American Meteorological Society, Meeting
on the Upper Atmosphere, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 30-0ct. 4,
1974.) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 33, Jan.
1 9 7 6 , ' ~ .118-130.
The behavior of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttime
emissions during a stratospheric warming has been studied
principally by use of data from the airglow photometers on
the O G O 4 satellite. During the late stages of a major
warming, both emissions increased appreciably. with the
sodium emission returning to normal values prior t o the
decrease in the hydroxyl emission. The emission behaviors
are attributed to temperature and density variations from
70 to 04 L a , 3x4 2 cne-dirnensima! hyd:a:!a!i:: mcde! fo;

that altitude range is used to calculate the effects o n the
emissions and on the mesospheric ozone densities. These
resuits support the existence of a warming in the upper part
of the mesosphere that is correlated with a major
stratospheric warming. (Author)
A76-26524'
COMPARISON OF THE SAN MARC0 3 NACE NEUTRAL
COMPOSITION DATA WITH THE EXTRAPOLATED
OGO 6 EMPIRICAL MODEL
W. T. Kasprzak and G. P. Newton (NASA, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) I Mar. 1976 3 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Mar. I, 1976, p.
1404-1406.
An investigation is conducted concerning the feasibility
to extrapolate the data of the OGO 6 empirical composition
model to altitudes which are lower than 450 km. Extrapolated
OGO 6 model densities are, therefore, compared with data
obtained in the Neutral Atmospheric Composition
Experiment (NACE) carried out during the time from April
to November 1971. The results of the investigation support
the conclusions of an earlier comparison of OGO 6 and
NACE data conducted by Newton et al. (1973). G.R.
A76-26886*#
ON THE QUIET-TIME INCREASES OF LOW ENERGY
COSMIC RAY ELECTRONS
J. Lheureux (Arizona, University, Tucson, Ariz.) and P. Meyer
(Chicago, University, Chicago, Ill.) 1975 4 p In:
International Cosmic Ray Conference, 14th, Munich, West
Germany, August 15-29, 1975, Conference Papers. Volume
2. Munich, Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik,
.. -.
1975. r . 74R-751
n --
(Contracts NAS5-9096; NASS-I 1444; Grant NSF
DES76IW)944)
~~- . ... ..
With a d&ector on board the OGO-5 satellite, the flux
and energy spectrum of electrons in the 10-30 MeV range
has been continuously monitored from 1968 to 1972. Sudden
increases by factors of up to 300 percent have been observed
during solar quiet periods. These 'Quiet-Time Increases'
abruptly die out above 30 MeV and correlate well with
identical increases reported at lower energies leading to a
flat relative energy spectrum. A large fraction of these
electrons is most likely of Jovian origin. (Author)
A7626Wl' #
MODULATION OF LOW ENERGY ELECTRONS AND
PROTONS NEAR SOLAR MAXIMUM
J. Lheureux (Arizona, University, Tucson, Ariz.) and P. Meyer
(Chicago, University, Chicago, Ill.) 1975 6 p refs In:
International Cosmic Ray Conference, 14th. Munich, West
Germany, August 15-29, 1975, Conference Papers. Volume
3. (A76-26851 11-93) Munich, Max-Planck-lnstitut fuer
extraterrestrische Physik, 1975, p. 979-984.
(Contracts NAS5-9096; NAS5-I 1444; Grant NSF
DES-74-00944)
The intensities of cosmic-ray electrons in the energy range
from 24 to 235 MeV and of protons in the ranges 40 to
I50 MeV and greater than 700 MeV are compared with
the neutron intensity data over the period 1968 to 1972.
Correlation plots between these various components show a
marked break following the June 9, 1969 Forbush decrease.
The resulting hysteresis curve is best explained as a sudden
change in the rigidity dependence of solar modulation. A
variation in the size of the solar cavity is also possible but
not likely. (Author)
A76-28486;
SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS OF I O N COMPOSITION
AND TEMPERATURES I N THE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE
DURING MEDIUM SOLAR ACTIVITY
M. K. Goel, B. C. N. Rao (National Physical Laboratory
of India, New Delhi, India), S. Chandra, and E. J. Maier
(NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) Apr.
1976 6 p ref Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics,
vol. 38, Apr. 1976, p. 389-394.
A76-28990
Information on both ion density and temperature is
obtained from analysis of Retarding Potential Analyzer data
from the OGO-4 and Explorer-3 I satellites. Results obtained
from data in the altitude range of 700-2000 km during medium
solar activity are presented. An attempt is made to describe
the major altitude variations of ion densities and temperatures
at middle and low latitudes. The transition heights, where
the heavier and lighter ions are equal, are found to be
about 1600 and 1300 km at middle and low latitudes,
respectively, for daytime and 700 km at night for middle
latitudes. Based on the observed data and using diffusive
equilibrium as a first-order approximation. topside
ionospheric composition models are given for medium solar
activity. (Author)
A76-28988;
G LOBAL ATOMIC HYDROGEN DENSITY DERIVED
FROM OGO-6 LYMAN-ALPHA MEASUREMENTS
G. E. Thomas and D. E. Anderson, Jr. (Colorado, University,
Boulder, Colo.) Apr. 1976 10 p refs Planetary and Space
Science, vol. 24, Apr. 1976, p. 303-312.
(Grants NGR-06-003-127; NGR-06-003-052; NSF
GA-40992)
The paper analyzes a one-year set of Lyman-alpha airglow
data measured in the local zenith at altitudes from 400 to
1100 km by a UV photometer aboard OGO-6. The
zenith-intensity d a t a a r e fitted t o theoretical airglow
calculations i n four spherically symmetric models of the
hydrogen geocorona to determine both the Ly-alpha solar
flux a t line center and the average atomic hydrogen column
density. After correcting for a loss of instrument sensitivity,
the Ly-alpha flux is found to be linearly correlated with
daily Zurich sunspot number. It is also found t h a t the
hydrogen density is inversely correlated with Jacchia
exospheric temperature, but the dependence is not t h a t
predicted by steady-state models with Jeans evaporative escape
as the only loss mechanism. It is suggested that
chargeexchange production of fast hydrogen atoms from
'hot' ionospheric protons might provide the additional loss
this result requires. F.G.M.
A76-28989*
GLOBAL ATOMICOXYGEN DENSITY DERIVED FROM
OGO-6 1" A AIRGLOW MEASUREMENTS
D. J. Stnckland and G . E. Thomas (Colorado, University,
Boulder, Colo.) Apr. 1976 14 p refs Planetary and Space
@^:^--..
-ICIILG, vo:. 24, Apr. :976, p. 313-326.
(Grants NGR-06-003- 127; NGR-06-003-052)
Results are presented for analysis of data on the atomic
oxygen 1304-A triplet in the earth's dayglow between 400
and 1100 km which were obtained with the OGO-6 UV
photometer during a @day period that included both quiet
and disturbed conditions. Variations in the atomic oxygen
column density are analyzed by obtaining best-fit models in
which the 1304-A emission is produced by solar resonance
scattering and photoelectron excitation. It is shown that the
column density can be determined uniquely from the measured
1304-A intensity, provided the excitation processes can be
described quantitatively. T h e values of the excitation
parameters are determined directly from the data, and the
deduced variations in column density over the daytime
atmosphere are found to agree well with the Jacchia (1971)
models. The latitudinal dependence of the column-density
variations during a geomagnetic storm are discussed, the
results are compared with recent measurements of the solar
1304-A fluxes as well as with calculations of the
photoelectron excitation, and a method is suggested for
determining the absolute atomic oxygen densities. F.G.M.
~76-2tm
THE INTENSITY V A R I A T I O N O F T H E A T O M I C
OXYGEN RED LINE DURING MORNING AND
EVENING TWILIGHT ON 9-10 APRIL 1969
R. G. Roble (National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Boulder, Colo.), J. F. Noxon (NOAA, Aeronomy Laboratory,
Boulder, Colo.), and J. V. Evans (MIT, Lexington, Mass.)
v-21
A7631317
Apr. 1976 14 p ref Planetary and Space Science, vol. 24,
Apr. 1976, p. 327-340. USAF-Army-supported research
(Grant NSF GA-28371)
A7631317*
THE INTERPRETATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET
OBSERVATIONS OF COMETS
H. U . Keller May 1976 44 p refs Space Science Reviews,
vol. 18, Mar.-May 1976, p. 641-684.
(Grant NGL-06-003-052)
The paper summarizes recent cometary UV observations,
most of which were made in Ly-alpha light with instruments
aboard earth-orbiting satellites. These include OAO-2
observations of comets Bennett and Tago-Sato-Kosaka,
OGO-5 observations of comets Bennett and Encke, and
numerous observations of comet Kohoutek. Models for the
production of cometary hydrogen a t o m s are described,
including the fountain, syndyname, and parent-daughter
models. Calculations of emission line profiles and
multiple-scattering effects are also discussed. Results of
observations and interpretations are reviewed for each cited
comet, far-UV observations in other emission lines are
noted, and the use of comets a s solar-wind probes is
considered. It is concluded that the results of the present
cometary Ly-alpha observations strongly support the concept
of an icy conglomerate solid cometary nucleus and suggest
water to be one of the most abundant molecules in comets.
F.G.M.
A76-33057.
MAGNETOSHEATH LION ROARS
E. J. Smith and B. T. Tsurutani (California Institute of
Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif .)
1 May 1976 6 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 81, May I , 1976, p. 2261-2266.
(Contract NAS7-100)
The characteristics of lion roars, which are intense packets
of electromagnetic waves characteristically found in the
magnetosheath, are studied. The average frequency of the
emissions is 120 Hz, with over 90% occurring between 90
and 160 Hz (which is near one-half the local electron
gyrofrequency); over 70% of all emissions last a mere 2 sec
or less; the maximum amplitude of lion roars has an average
value of 85 milligamma, over 80% being between 40 and
160 milligamma. Occurrence of lion roars is related to the
level of geomagnetic activity, measured by Kp. The probability
of occurrence ranges from 10% during magnetically quiet
intervals to 75% during disturbed periods. Polarization and
wave normal direction of lion roars, determined by variance
analysis of triaxial wave forms, are righ-handed circularly
polarized, with propagation essentially along the ambient
magnetic field. V.P.
A76-33058*
E L F H I S S ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMA DENSITY
ENHANCEMENTS IN THE OUTER
MAGNETOSPHERE
K.-W. Chan and R. E. Holzer (California, University, Los
Angeles, Calif.) I May 1976 8 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 81, May I, 1976, p. 2267-2274.
(Grant NGR-05-007-276)
The low-frequency narrow hiss bands associated with
plasma-density enhancements in the magnetosphere near and
beyond L = 4 have been studied with the search coil
magnetometer and ion mass spectrometer data from OGO
5. ELF hiss is found to accompany most of the detached
plasmas in the outer magnetosphere and to be sharply limited
by the steep ion-density gradient at their boundary. The
observations indicate that the hiss originates in and is ducted
by the plasma-density enhancements. I n a particularly
favorable case after an interval of low AE and Dst indic-s,
a series of enhanced plasma-density peaks was observed
between L = 4 and L = 6 in the afternoon local-time
sector. In this case, i t was possible to develop an empirical
v-22
relation among hiss amplitude, plasma density, and L by
using in situ simultaneous measurements. (Author)
A7635289
ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE INNER BELT IN
1968
H. I. West, Jr. and R. M. Buck (California, University,
Livermore, Calif.) Jul. 1976 13 p refs Planetary and
Space Science, vol. 24, July 1976, p. 643-655.
(Con tract W-7405-E NG-48)
Pitch-angle data were obtained by the scanning magnetic
electron spectrometer o n OGO 5 during its traversals of the
inner belt in 1968. Data from the five lowest-energy channels
79-822 keV, were analyzed in terms of j-perpendicular vs
invariant latitude, time-decay rates, and spectral shapes at
constant L. The inner-belt electron injection following two
storm periods was observed; the first was the mild storm of
June 1 1 and the second the more intense storms of October
31 and November 1. Comparisons with other data indicate
that only a small Starfish residual (at more than I MeV)
still remained in the heart of the inner belt; hence, the results
are indicative of the normal inner belt. The data are discussed
in terms of current ideas regarding the source and loss of
particles in the inner belt. (Author)
A7635348
HYSTERESIS OF PRIMARY COSMIC RAYS
ASSOCIATED WITH FORBUSH DECREASES
R. S. Rajan Mar. 1976 7 p Australian Journal of Physics,
vol. 29, Mar. 1976, p. 89-95.
A variation of quasi-steady primary-cosmic-ray intensities
during Forbush events is reported which was detected in
data obtained by a neutron monitor, the OGO I and 3 ion
chambers, and daily observations of upper-atmosphere
intensities recorded with standardized Geiger-Mueller
counters. A regression plot of the intensities of high- and
low-rigidity primaries is found to exhibit hysteresis loops
during Forbush decreases, indicating a differential modulation
between the two intensities. It is shown that this effect is
superposed on the I I-year variation of primary intensities,
which is known to exhibit a hysteresis as a function of sunspot
number. The existence of loops during Forbush events is
explained in terms of a long-range order for the magnetic
inhomogeneities in the modulation region. F.G.M.
A7636276'
FIELD-ALIGNED PRECIPITATION OF GREATER THAN
30-keV ELECTRONS
D . J . Williams (NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory,
Boulder, Colo.) and H. Trefall 1 Jun. 1976 4 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, June I, 1976, p.
2927-2930.
(NASA ORDER S50026-A)
A search through 2-3 months of data from OGO 6 has
revealed about I O cases of field-aligned precipitation of
electrons at energies greater than 30 keV. Brief descriptions
are given of the four most spectacular of these events, in
which the ratio between precipitated and trapped fluxes
reached about 100 in one case. Preliminary indications are
that such events occur mainly in the evening and midnight
sectors and at high geomagnetic latitudes (usually at or above
the trapping boundary for electrons with energies greater
than 30 keV). (Author)
-__--
A l L W 12U*
SATELLITE OBSERVATION O F THE MESOSPHERIC
SCATTERING L A Y E R A N D I M P L I E D C L I M A T I C
CONSEQUENCES
J. R . H u m m e l a n d J . J . Oliver0 (Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pa.) 1 Jul. 1976 2 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, July 1, 1976, p.
3177., ..
3178.
..
(Grant NGL-39-009-003)
Recent satellite photometry of the airglow has detected
an extensive, though tenous, scattering layer above the
summer polar cap. Located near the mesopause, the layer

persists throughout the summer season poleward of about
75 deg :aiitude. By employing a simple growth model ior
the layer a time dependent radiative transfer model has been
developed to examine radiative temperature perturbations.
As was anticipated, the global temperature perturbations are
negligible. However, in the polar region the impact is probably
nonnegligible, the temperature decrease being of the order
of a few tenths of a degree. The climatological implications
of the layer on the polar region are discussed. (Author)
A7639130
LONG-TERM COSMIC RAY MODULATION IN T H E
PERIOD 1966-1972 AND INTERPLANETARY
MAGNETIC FIELDS
C. N. Winkler (Leiden, Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden, Netherlands)
and P. J. Bedijn (Leiden, Sterrewacht, Leiden, Netherlands)
1 Jul. 1976 9 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
VOI. 81, July 1, 1976, p. 3198-3206.
A nonseparable model of the interplanetary diffusion
coefficient is presented which provides a simultaneous
explanation for the available observations of cosmic ray
electrons and nuclei of galactic origin measured around the
last solar maximum. Changes in the energy spectra of cosmic
ray electrons, protons, and alpha particles above roughly 50
MeV/nucleon are theoretically reproduced by numerical
solutions of the steady-state transport equation for cosmic
rays in the solar system. Changes in the diffusion coefficient
are introduced by smooth variations of four independent
parameters. It is shown that this model matches also the
observed power spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field
fluctuations reasonably well. S.D.
A7639145
T H E THEORY O F VLF DOPPLER SIGNATURES AND
THEIR RELATION TO MAGNETOSPHERIC DENSITY
STRUCTURE
B. C. Edgar (Aerospace Corp., Space Science Laboratory,
Los Angeles, Calif.) I Jul. 1976 13 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 81, July 1, 1976, p. 3327-3339.
(Contract F04701-75-C-0076; Grant NSF GA-37730)
When signals from a ground-based VLF transmitter travel
through the magnetosphere and arrive at a low-altitude
satellite in the conjugate hemisphere, they may undergo a
spectral distortion due to Doppler shift by the satellite
velocity. The paper presents a VLF ray tracing study of
published VLF Doppler data samples. It is shown that the
density structure of the plasmasphere leaves its imprint or
signature in the observed Doppler shift pattern. Large positive
and negative Doppler shifts (about 100 Hz) are reproduced
by a strong decreasing electron density gradient interacting
with the magnetic field curvature gradient between L roughly
2 and L roughly 3. VLF Doppler signatures can detect
whether short-scale gradients dominate the density structure
o r merely perturb the long-scale gradient. The ray path
calculations also allow one to map the signals observed by
the satellite back to their excitation point in t h e lower
ionosphere and thus estimate the effective transmitter coverage
in the excitation hemisphere. S.D.
A76-41210*
DIURNAL VARIATION O F THERMAL PLASMA I N THE
PLASMASPHERE
A. J. Chen (Aiken Industries, Inc., College Park, Md.), J.
M . G r e b o w s k y ( N A S A , Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt; Aiken
Industries, Inc., College Park, Md.), and K. Marubashi (Aiken
Industries, Inc., College Park, Md.; Radio Research
Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) Aug. 1976 5 p refs Planetary
and Space Science, vol. 24, Aug. 1976, p. 765-769.
All of the OGO-5 light ion density measurements were
used to determine the average global topology o f the
equatorial plasmasphere density distribution. The variation
of the light ion equatorial density at L less than or equal
to 3.2 with local time was deduced by determining the average
density observed within one hour of a specific local time
and within 0.1 of a given L coordinate. The average H(+)
A7642683
density showed a semidiurnal variation with peaks near noon
and midnight. T h e H e ( + ) observations also revealed
multiple peaks throughout the day but with smaller amplitudes
than those of H( +). At L above 3.2 plasma trough conditions
increase the scatter of densities. The average variation of
the H(+) density with L within the plasmasphere is found
to be steepest near midnight and can be least-squares fitted
equally well to either an exponential variation or to a power
law. (Author)
A76-41914’
C H A R A a E R I S T I C S O F I N S T A B I L I T I E S IN T H E
MAGNETOSPHERE DEDUCED FROM WAVE
OBSERVATIONS
F. L. Scarf (TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.)
1975 19 p refs In: Physics of the hot plasma in the
magnetosphere; Proceedings of the Thirtieth Nobel
Symposium, Kiruna, Sweden, April 2-4, 1975. (A76-41901
21-46) New York, Plenum Press, 1975, p. 271-289.
(Contract NASw-2659)
A general summary is presented of the types of unstable
plasma distributions encountered in the magnetosphere. It
is shown that gyroresonant interactions play an important
role in magnetospheric dynamics. Electrostatic instabilities
not driven by currents are considered and a description is
presented of observations related to current-driven
instabilities. Attention is also given to aspects of mode
coupling. It is pointed out that during the last decade much
progress has been made in the identification of specific
instabilities. Better measurements of magnetospheric plasma
distribution functions are needed for the solution of remaining
problems. G.R.
A76-42390#
E X P E R I M E N T A L M O D E L O F THE EXOSPHERIC
TEMPERATURE BASED ON OPTICAL
MEASUREMENTS ON BOARD THE OGO 6
SATELLITE
G. Thuillier (CNRS, Service d’Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France), J. L. Falin, and C.
Wachtel (CERGA, Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes, France) Jun.
1976 22 p ref COSPAR, Plenary Meeting, 19th.
Philadelphia, Pa., June 8-19, 1976, Paper. 22 p. Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique
(Contract CNRS-RCP-336)
The Fabry-Perot interferometer on board the OGO 6
satellite measures the spectral profile of the 630 nm airglow
line. The neutral temperature is deduced directly from the
Doppler linewidth. The global thermospheric temperature is
represented by a set of coefficients based on the results of a
spherical harmonics analysis. Comparisons are made with
temperatures measured by incoherent scatter radar and
temperatures deduced from N2 densities. The present model
applies to quiet and moderate magnetic activity and to high
solar activity. (Author)
A76-42683*
TROPICAL F REGION WINDS FROM 0 I 1356-A AND
FORBIDDEN 0 I 6300-A EMISSIONS. II -ANALYSIS
OF OGO 4 DATA
J. A. Bittencourt (Texas, University, Richardson, Tex.;
Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose d o s C a m p o s ,
Brazil), B. A. Tinsley (Texas, University, Richardson, Tex.),
G. T. Hicks (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulburt Center for Space
Research, Washington, D.C.), and E. I. Reed (NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary
Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) I Aug. 1976 5 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Aug. I, 1976. p. 3786-3790.
Research supported by the lnstituto de Pesquisas Espaciais
(Grants NGR-44-004-142; NSF DES-747651)
The OGO 4 tropical nightglow data on the 0 I 1356-A
and forbidden 0 I 63W-A emissions during several months
in the fall of 1967 are analyzed in conjunction with theoretical
models. From the latitudinal asymmetry present in the tropical
emissions the neutral wind velocities in the magnetic meridian
at the time of the observations are found to reach 150 m/s
V-23
A7642697
near 2000 LT i n the Pacific sector and 1 IO m/s i n the Indian
sector. The longitudinal dependence of the emissions indicates
a strong zonal component (referred to geographic coordinates)
a n d allows the resolution of the inferred wind velocities
into geographic zonal and meridional wind components. The
geographic zonal component reaches a maximum velocity
of 260 m/s near 2200 LT. (Author)
A7642697
T H E TEMPERATURE GRADIENT DRIFT INSTABILITY
AT THE EQUATORWARD EDGE OF THE
IONOSPHERIC PLASMA TROUGH
M. K. Hudson (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.) and
M. C. Kelley (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.) 1 Aug.
1976 6 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81,
Aug. I , 1976, p. 3913-3918.
(Contracts N00014-69-A-0200- 1015; N00014-75-C-0780
NOAA-04-5-002-16)
The paper examined the fluid equations relevant to the
ionosphere above 400 km in a region of horizontal gradients
in plasma density and electron temperature such as those
detected near the ionospheric projection of the
plasmapause. The equations are unstable to growth of the
temperature gradient drift mode. Electric field fluctuations
have been observed in this region of the ionosphere by two
independent electric field experiments flown on separate
satellites. I n one cast (OGO 6) simultaneous measurements
of density and electron temperature were made. By using
these data the growth rate of the temperature gradient drift
mode is calculated and plotted as a function of distance
along the trajectory and is shown to peak in the region
where the irregularities were detected. It is concluded that
the temperature gradient drift mode may contribute to the
growth of irregularities at the equatorward edge of the
ionospheric plasma trough. (Author)
A76-44653
A STUDY O F ELECTRON SPECTRA IN T H E INNER
BELT
H. I. West, Jr. and R. M. Buck (California, University,
Livermore, Calif.) 1 Sep. 1976 5 p Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 81, Sept. 1, 1976, p. 4696-4700.
(Contract W-7405-ENG-48)
Comparisons are made between energetic electron spectra
obtained in the inner belt (L = 1.3-2.4) by the OGO 5
satellite during 1968 and spectra acquired by other magnetic
spectrometer experiments before a n d after the Starfish
high-altitude nuclear detonation on July 9, 1962. The
post-Starfish data show a continual decay at the higher
energies (at least 0.5 for 1962 to at least 1 MeV for 1968).
Electrons of 2-MeV energy at L = 1.4 showed a mean life
of 1 year. By 1968, only a high-energy residual greater than
1 MeV remained in the inner belt (L is about 1.4). A
pre-Starfish spectrum obtained in 1961 at L = 1.38 is almost
identical with the 1968 results for the same region. By 1968,
Starfish electrons were n o longer important as an aspect of
inner-belt dynamics. (Author)
A76-44665*
CRITICAL ELECTRON PITCH ANGLE ANISOTROPY
NECESSARY FOR CHORUS GENERATION
R. K. Burton (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
I Sep. 1976 3 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
VOI. 81, Sept. I , 1976, p. 4779-4781.
(Grant NGR-05-007-276)
Simultaneous wave, resonant-particle, and
ambient-plasma data from OGO 5 for chorus emissions o n
August 15, 1968, were found consistent with the theoretical
critical pitch-angle-anisotropy condition for whistler-mode
instability by Doppler-shifted electron cyclotron resonance,
Local generation, as determined by wave normal
measurements, occurred only when the pitch-angle anisotropy
of resonant electrons required for instability substantially
exceeded the critical anisotropy defined by Kennel and
Petschek (1966). (Author)
V-24
A7647884
THINNING O F T H E NEAR-EARTH ( I O T O ABOUT 15
EARTH RADII) PLASMA SHEET PRECEDING T H E
SUBSTORM EXPANSION PHASE
A. Nishida and K. Fujii (Tokyo, University, Tokyo, Japan)
Sep. 1976 7 p refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 24,
Sept. 1976, p. 849-853.
The timing of plasma-sheet thinning relative to the onset
of the expansion phase of substorms is examined by analysis
of O G O 5 electron and proton d a t a with the aid of
simultaneous magnetic-field observations. It is found that
the timing of the thinning is significantly dependent on
distance. At distances less than or about equal to 15 earth
radii, the thinning often starts before the onset; at distances
greater than that, it tends to occur after the onset. The
thinning that precedes the expansion-phase onset has been
found to reduce the thickness to about I earth radius, and
further thinning may occur in a spatially limited region. Hence
it is conceivable that formation of the neutral line
characterizing the substorm expansion phase is a consequence
of the thinning of the plasma sheet in the near-earth
region. (Author)
A77-I l219*
OGO 5 OBSERVATIONS OF P C 5 WAVES -
GROUND-MAGNETOSPHERE CORRELATIONS
S. Kokubun, R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.) I Oct. 1976 9 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 81, Oct. I , 1976, p.
5141-5149.
(Grant NGR-05-007-004; Contract NOOO-69-A-200-4016;
Grants NSF GA-341484; NSF DES-74-23464)
A77-11488
OBSERVATIONS OF H Y D R O G E N IN T H E U P P E R
ATMOSPHERE
J. L. Bertaux (CNRS, Service d'Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France) Aug. 1976 7 p refs
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Aug.
1976, p. 821-827.
Observations of hydrogen in the upper atmosphere which
were reported since January 1974 are reviewed i n the light
of four basic questions. The most important results are the
following. At the exobase level, the diurnal variation of density
in low latitude regions is in agreement with current theories,
whereas the latitude variation is not clearly understood. The
hydrogen temperature at the exobase level is equal to the
temperature of neutral atmosphere as derived by satellite
drag data measurements. I n the exosphere, the distribution
of hydrogen atoms in satellite orbits is largely affected by
Lyman-alpha radiation pressure. The absolute value of the
thermal escape (Jeans escape flux) is lower than expected
from current aeronomic theories, and its variations as a
function of solar activity indicates that non-thermal escape
mechanisms must exist with a significant contribution to total
loss of H from the planet. (Author)
A77-11489*
DYNAMICAL EFFECTS IN T H E DISTRIBUTION O F
HELIUM IN T H E THERMOSPHERE
C . A . Reber ( N A S A , G o d d a r d Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, M d . ) Aug. 1976 12 p refs Journal of
Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Aug. 1976, p.
829-840.
The paper discusses some phenomena, mainly observed
by satellites, which illustrate the use of helium as a tracer
f o r studying the morphology and history of atmospheric
responses to energy inputs of varying amplitudes and
durations. T h e effects observed include ( I ) the annual
north-south excursion of the sub-solar point producing the
winter helium bulge, (2) the 24-hour diurnal variation, where
the helium density peak is phase-shifted to the morning in
the lower thermosphere, (3) high latitude magnetospheric
heating of the thermosphere, with helium indicating regions
of probable upwelling of the heated gas, and (4) gravity

wave formation and propagation, with the attendant
implications for transport of energy from one region of the
atmosphere to another. P.T.H.
A77-11692*
QUIET-TIME INCREASES OF U)W-ENERGY
ELECTRONS - THE JOVIAN ORIGIN
J. Lheureux (Arizona, University, Tucson, Ariz.) and P. Meyer
(Chicago, University, Chicago, Ill.) 1 Nov. 1976 6 p refs
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 209, Nov. 1, 1976, pt. 1, p.
955-960.
(Contracts NAS5-I 1444; NAS5-9096; Grant NSF
DES-74-00944)
With a detector on board the OGO-5 satellite, the flux
and energy spectrum of electrons in the 10-2WMeV range
has been continuously measured from 1968 to 1971. Sudden
increases in intensity by factors of up to 300% have been
I, observed during solar quiet times. It is shown that these
increases are nearly independent of energy up to about 25
MeV and disappear rapidly above that energy. The frequency
of the increases peaks every 13 months at a time following
the crossing by earth of the interplanetary magnetic-field
line which passes the vicinity of the planet Jupiter. Most of
the increases occur in a period of 3 to 5 months following
this crossing and often appear to be 27 days apart. A Jovian
origin for these electrons and their mode of transport to
the inner solar system are discussed. (Author)
A77-t2057
MODEL O F EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATIONS FROM
IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS
S. Basu, S. Basu, and B. K. Khan (Calcutta, University,
Calcutta, India) Oct. 1976 12 p refs Radio Science, vol.
11, Oct. 1976, p. 821-832. Research sponsored by the Indian
Space Research Organization.
OGO-6 retarding potential analyzer measurements of
F-region irregularity amplitude and ambient electron density
have been used in developing a model of equatorial
scintillations in the framework of diffraction theory. The
percentage occurrence contours of estimated equatorial
scintillations not less than 4.5 d B a t 140 M H z during
1900-2300 LMT for the period November-December 1969
and 1970 have been derived, and the model is found to
depict a pronounced longitude variation with scintillation
belt width, percentage occurrence being maximum over the
African sector. The latitude extent of the scintillation belt
narrows over the American sector without much decrease
in scintillation occurrence, while over the Indian and Far
Eastern sectors both the extent and occurrence are found to
decrease. B.J.
A77-15786
i
r CORRELATED MEASUREMENTS OF
SCINTILLATIONS AND IN-SITU F-REGION
IRREGULARITIES FROM OCO-6
S. Basu (USAF, Geophysics Laboratory, Bedford, Mass.)
and S. Basu Nov. 1976 4 p refs (COSPAR, Symposium
on the Geophysical Use of Satellite Beacon Observations,
Boston, Mass., June 1976.) Geophysical Research Letters,
VOI. 3, NOV. 1976, p. 681-684.
Scintillation estimates obtained from in-situ irregularity
measurements by OGO-6 are compared with simultaneous
137 MHz and 6 GHz scintillations recorded at equatorial
stations in the American and African sectors. In this first
such correlated study, it is found t h a t the equatorla1
irregularity amplitudes in these sectors are so large that for
a moderately thick irregularity layer the commonly
observed monotonic power law spectrum with outer scale
dimensions much larger than the Fresnel dimension at VHF
can explain the observed G H z scintillations and can locate
the VHF band in the saturated scintillation regime. This
finding is in contrast to other numerical modelling attempts
which usually call for artificial tailoring of irregularity spectra
to account for the observed G H z scintillations. (Author)
A77-16243
A17-16L38*
MAGNETOSPHERIC CHORUS - OCCURRENCE
PATTERNS AND NORMALIZED FREQUENCY
W . J . Burtis and R. A. Helliwell (Stamford University,
Stamford, Calif.) Nov. 1976 22 p Planetary and Space
Science, vol. 24, Nov. 1976, p. 1007-1024.
(Grant NGL-05-020-008)
Over 400 hours of continuous broadband data obtained
by the OGO 3 satellite are analyzed to provide a statistically
accurate description of band - li m i led (m ag ne to s p he r ic)
chorus. Certain aspects of the chorus frequency distribution
are interpreted in terms of a gyroresonant electron feedback
model of generation. An example of high chorus activity
during an outbound pass through the noon magnetosphere
is examined in detail, the spectral complexity of some chorus
is illustrated, and the diurnal variation of chorus occurrence
is investigated. The frequency and bandwidth distributions
of chorus are analyzed. The results indicate that chorus
occurrence depends strongly on local time and dipole latitude,
the general region of maximum chorus occurrence
approximates the previously reported zone of 'hard' electron
precipitation, and the normalized chorus frequency is strongly
dependent on dipole latitude. It is shown how a change in
the curvature of the whistler-mode refractive-index surface
affects focusing of radiation along magnetic field lines and
how interference can occur between modes with slightly
different ray. velocities. It is concluded that most
magnetosphenc chorus consists of rising emissions which are
probably generated by gyroresonant electrons slightly off the
equator. F.G.M.
A77-16240*
GEOMAGNETIC STORM EFFECTS ON THE
THERMOSPHERE AND T H E IONOSPHERE REVEALED
BY IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM OGO 6
K. Marubashi, C. A. Reber, and H. A. Taylor, Jr. (NASA,
G o d d a r d Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary
Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Nov. 1976 1 1 p refs
Planetary and Space Science, vol. 24, Nov. 1976, p.
1031-1041.
The temporal response of the densities of
upper-atmospheric ion and neutral constituents to a particular
geomagnetic storm is studied using simultaneous ion and
neutral-composition data obtained by the OGO 6 satellite
during consecutive orbits at altitudes greater than 400 km.
The investigated constituents include H(+), q+), N2, 0,
He, and H. Derivation of the H density is reviewed, and
the main effects of the storm are discussed, particularly
temporal and global variations in the densities. It is found
that: (I) the H and He densities began to decrease near the
time of sudden commencement, with the decrease amounting
to more than 40% of the quiet-time densities during the
maximum stage a t high latitudes; (2) the 0 a n d N 2
densities exhibited an overall increase which began later than
the change in H and He densities; (3) the H(+) density
decreased differently in two distinct regions separated near
the low-latitude boundary of the light-ion trough; and (4)
the q+) density showed an increase during earlier stages
of the storm and decreased only in the Northern Hemisphere
during the recovery phase. Certain physical and chemical
processes are suggested which play principal roles in the
ionospheric response to the storm F.G.M.
.A- 7. 7.- 1-6--
2 4.-
1*
OGO-4 O B S E R V A T I O N S O F T H E ULTRAVIOLET
- -- - --.- - -S P.E-C- T- -R- l-l .M.-
AIJRORAI.
,
J.-C. Gerard and C. A. Barth (Colorado, University, Boulder,
Colo.) Nov. 1976 5 p refs Planetary and Space Science,
vol. 24, Nov. 1976, p. 1059-1063.
(Grant NGR-06-003-127)
Auroral ultraviolet spectra in the range from I200 to
3200 A have been obtained by the spectrometer on board
the OGW satellite. Emissions of N2, H, 0, and N are
readily identified. Atomic and molecular intensities are
deduced from the comparison with a synthetic spectrum
and compare reasonably well with some previous
V-25
A77-16850
measurements and calculations. A feature a t 2150 A is
assigned t o the (1-0) N O g a m m a band. Taking into
consideration the various excitation mechanisms of NO(A2
Sigma), it is proposed that energy transfer from N2 metastable
molecules t o oxygen accounts for the excitation of the NO
gamma bands. I n particular, it is suggested t h a t the
resonant reaction between 0 2 and highly metastable N2
molecules may be a major source of NO(A2 Sigma).
(Author)
A77-16850.
CHARACTERISTICS O F C O S M I C X - R A Y B U R S T S
OBSERVED WITH T H E OGO-5 SATELLITE
S. R. Kane and K. A. Anderson (California, University,
Berkeley, Calif.) 15 Dec. 1976 14 p refs Astrophysical
Journal, vol. 210, Dec. 15, 1976, pt. 1, p. 875-888.
(Grant NG L-05-003-017)
Observations of 11 cosmic X-ray bursts made with the
solar X-ray spectrometer aboard OGO 5 are presented. Their
identification as cosmic events is based o n good time
coincidence with observations of cosmic gamma-ray bursts
reported in the literature. The OGO-5 experiment is most
sensitive to cosmic X-ray sources located in the sunward
hemisphere. When this condition was satisfied a n d the
OGO-5 experiment was operating normally, almost every
cosmic gamma-ray burst reported by other observers was
detected at X-ray energies of at least 32 keV. I n three events
the spectrum was observed down to about 10 keV. Two
intense events were observed with 0.288-s time resolution,
and large time variations were observed to occur in times
not exceeding 0.3 s. Evidence is found that most cosmic
gamma-ray bursts have photon spectra extending down to
about IO keV. The origin of these cosmic events in
processes similar to those believed to occur in solar flares is
briefly examined. (Author)
A77-16868’
MU LTIPLE-SATELLITE STUDIES OF
MAGNETOSPHERlC SUBSTORMS - RADIAL
DYNAMICS O F THE PLASMA SHEET
T. Pytte (California, University Los Angeles, Calif.; Bergen,
Universitetet, Bergen, Norway), R. L. McPherron, M. G .
Kivelson (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.), H. 1.
West, Jr. (California, University, Livermore, Calif.), and E.
W. Hones, Jr. (California, University, Los Alamos. N. Mex.)
I Dec. 1976 13 p Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.
81, Dec. I , 1976, p. 5921-5933. ERDA-supported research
(Grant NGL-05-007-004; Contract
N00014-69-AL-0200-4016; Grant NSF DES-75-10678)
The radial dynamics of the nighttime plasma sheet during
substorms is examined. The spatial dependence of plasma
sheet variations at different radial distances is studied on
the basis of simultaneous recordings from two closely spaced
satellites. The simultaneous measurements of the plasma
sheet behavior earthward and tailward of r = 15 earth radii
confirm substorm models which predict a thinning of the
nearearth plasma sheet before the formation of an X-type
neutral line, followed by a thickening on the earthward side
and a further thinning on the tailward side. T e m p o r a l
correlations between the plasma sheet variations and substorm
development o n the ground are studied by obtaining accurate
timing of individual substorm expansion onsets. In particular,
during multiple onset storms, the near-earth plasma sheet is
f o u n d t o experience a series of multiple expansions and
contractions, which usually occur in a one-to-one
relationship with ground Pi 2 bursts and are well correlated
with auroral zone and low-altitude magnetic disturbances.
V.P.
A77- I7 l24*
FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS OBSERVED BY THE OGO
5 AND TRIAD SATELLITES
M. Sugiura (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Sep.
1976 IO p ref (International Union of Geodesy a n d
Geophysics, General Assembly, 16th. Grenoble, France, Aug.
V-26
25-Sept. 6, 1975.) Annales de Geophysique, vol. 32, July-Sept.
1976, p. 267-276.
The Triad (at a height of 800 km) and OGO 5 (in the
high altitude magnetosphere) magnetic field observations have
shown the existence of a field-aligned current system consisting
of currents flowing in the polar cap boundary layer and
those flowing in another layer located equatorward of the
former. In the polar cap boundary layer (identified as the
high-latitude boundary of the plasma sheet in the nightside
magnetosphere), the current flows into the ionosphere o n
the morning side and away from the ionosphere on the
afternoon side. In the lower-latitude layer, the current
directions are reversed. The current in the polar cap boundary
layer is considered a s the primary field-aligned current
system. B.J.
A77-18572*
NON-THERMAL PROCESSES DURING THE
‘BUILD-UP’ PHASE O F S O L A R F L A R E S A N D IN
ABSENCE O F FLARES
S. R. Kane (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.) and M.
Pick (Paris, Observatoix, Meudon, Hauls-de-Seine, France)
Mar. 1976 12 p refs (NASA, IAU, IUGG, and lnternational
Council of Scientific Unions, Workshop on Flare Build-up
Study, Falmouth, Mass., Sept. 8-11, 1975.) Solar Physics,
vol. 47, Mar. 1976, p. 293-304.
(Grants NGL-05-003-017; NSG-7092; Contract
N00014-67-A-0112-0068)
Hard X-ray and radio observations indicate production
of non-thermal electrons as a common phenomenon of the
active s u n . A preliminary analysis of three hard X-ray
bursts observed with the OGO-5 satellite and radio
observations indicate that non-thermal particles are present
in the flare region prior to the impulsive (flash) phase and
also during the gradual rise and fall (GRF) bursts which
are usually explained in terms of purely ‘thermal’ radiation.
The principal difference between the non-thermal electrons
observed before the flash phase and during the flash phase
appears to be in their total number rather than in the hardness
of their energy spectrum. Basic characteristics of the two
acceleration processes are probably similar although the total
energy converted into non-thermal electrons is considerably
larger in the flash phase. Transient absorbing H-alpha features
and filament activations are discussed in terms of their ability
to produce energetic particle events and magnetic energy
release. (Author)
A77-20886
ALTITUDE PROFILES OF THE P H O T O E L E C T R O N
INDUCED 0 I D (6300 A) PREDAWN ENHANCEMENT
BY OBSERVATION AND THEORY
G. Thuillier, J. E. Blamont (CNRS, Service d’Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France), and G. Lejeune
(Grenoble, Universite, Grenoble, France) Dec. 1976 10 p
refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 24, Dec. 1976, p.
1141-1150.
Emission profiles of the 6300-A line are determined from
OGO 4 data in the dark ionosphere during conjugate
sunrise. From electron-density profile measurements, it is
shown that, for two cases studied, recombination cannot
account for the measured 0 1D emission profiles. However,
direct photoelectron-oxygen excitation can reproduce the
data. If the photoelectron escape flux in the sunlit ionosphere,
computed from standard photoelectron production, is
transmitted through the field tube with an additional
attenuation of 0.6 due to angular diffusion through
photoelectron-electron a n d photoelectron-ion C o u l o m b
collisions, the Hinteregger (1965) solar-flux data must be
increased by a factor 2, which agrees with previous results.
(Author)
A77-21W?*
. - _ - _ I
T R I G G E R I N G O F SUBSTORMS BY SOLAR WIND
DISCONTINUITIES
S. Kokubun (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.;
Tokyo, University, Tokyo, Japan), R. L. McPherron, and

C. T. Russell (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
I Jan. 1977 13 p ref Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 82. Jan. 1. 1977. D. 74-86.
(Grant’ NGR-05-007bb4; Contract NOOO 1 4 - 6 9 - A - 2 W 160;
Grant NSF GA-341484)
~
The probability of iriggering of polar substorms by a
large-scale magnetospheric compression associated with a
discontinuity in the solar wind has been examined statistically
using ground magnetogram data, AE index data and satellite
geomagnetic data on 125 sudden storm commencements
observed during 1967- 1970. The triggering probability was
found to depend on the amplitude of the sudden storm
commencement and on the degree of preceding AE activity.
In almost all cases the triggering occurred when the B-Z
component of the interplanetary magnetic field was negative
or decreasing during the 30 min before the passage of the
discontinuity. Transient geomagnetic responses with a time
scale of Alfven wave propagation in the polar cap also depend
on interplanetary magnetic field conditions. B.J.
All-21504
SHOCKS, SOLITONS AND THE PLASMAPAUSE
H. Kikuchi (Nihon University, Tokyo; Nagoya University,
Nagoya, Japan) Nov. 1976 6 p refs (International Union
of Radio Science and International Association of
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Symposium on the Physics
of the Plasmapause, Grenoble, France, Aug.-Sept. 1975.)
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Nov.
1976, p. 1055-1060.
An ideal yet plausible mathematical model is developed
for the local formation of the nightside equatorial
plasmapause. It is assumed that the plasmapause is an
electrostatic laminar shock with a plane boundary. The model
is based on the idea that the thermal plasma inside the
plasmapause is of terrestrial origin, while the plasma beyond
the plasmapause is essentially of solar wind origin. A n
approximate description of the model is presented in terms
of a combined form of the Korteweg-de Vries (1895) and
Burgers (1940) equation. S.D.
All-21512
INSTABILITY PHENOMENA IN DETACHED PLASMA
REGIONS
M. G. Kivelson (California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.)
Nov. 1976 12 p refs (International Union of Radio Science
and International Association of Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy, Symposium on the Physics of the Plasmapause,
Grenoble, France, Aug.-Sept. 1975.) Journal of Atmospheric
and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Nov. 1976, p. 1115-1126.
(Grant NSF DES-74.23464)
Wave-propagation characteristics, such a s plasma
frequency and Alfven velocity, are significantly modified by
changes in the cold plasma density. Consequently, regions
of so-called detached plasma that drift through the plasma
trough beyond the plasmapause are highly correlated with
waves which develop in a wide range of frequencies and
which are observed by spacecraft experiments. In particular,
for low-frequency ELF signals, the association is sufficiently
close to suggest that the waves are locally generated within
the detached plasma. Hence, the observations can be used
to test theoretical models of wave generation, especially by
examining the dependence of the observed frequencies and
amplitudes on position in the dipole field (L-shell) and on
the measured particle distributions. ULF waves are frequently
observed in detached-plasma regions. At times it is possible
to use the OGO-5 plasma measurements to determine one
component of the electric field of these ULF waves, and
thereby to infer that the waves are standing-mode oscillations
of field lines. (Author)
A77-21513
MICROPULSATIONS AND THE PLASMAPAUSE
H. Kikuchi (Nihon University, Tokyo; Nagoya University,
Nagoya, Japan) Nov. 1976 8 p (International Union of
Radio Science and International Association of
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Symposium on the Physics
A77-23205
of the Plasmapause, Grenoble, France, Aug.-Sept. i975.)
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Nov.
1976, p. 1127-1134.
A correlative study was performed of the plasmapause
and associated irregularities, the proton ring current and
micropulsations from OGO and ground Pc 1 observations.
It is shown that plasmapause-associated irregularities are well
correlated in space and time with the proton ring current
and the Pc I micropulsations during the post-storm
recovery. This indicates that the plasmapause and associated
plasma irregularities may serve as a possible source mechanism
for short-period micropulsations and as a M H D waveguide.
An ideal model is presented of Pc I generation as an active
Fabry-Perot resonator which presents the possibility of the
combined effect of universal and cyclotron instabilities. B.J.
All-21523
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC ELF
CHORUS - PRELIMINARY RESULTS
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, J. Etcheto ( C N E T , Centre de
Recherches en Physique de I’Environnement,
Issy-les-Moulineaux, Hauls-de-Seine, France), and R. K.
Burton Nov. 1976 10 p refs (International Union of
Radio Science and International Association of
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Symposium on the Physics
of the Plasmapause, Grenoble, France, Aug.-Sept. 1975.)
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 38, Nov.
1976, p. 1201-1210.
lndividual ELF chorus elements are analyzed in detail
using OGO 5 search coil magnetometer data. The chorus
studied was detected in the equatorial region at L of about
6-7 on the nightside. The evolution of frequency, amplitude,
and wave normal direction is studied inside the elements.
isolated rising tones, a period of change from rising to falling
tones, and a period of burstlike structure are analyzed. There
is nearly always a time structure but no fine structure in
frequency. The amplitude variations are very quick. The wave
normal direction may turn inside an element. Falling tones
seem to present higher values of wave-vector angle than rising
ones. The results are preliminary. (Author)
.- -- -
A77-21201
. . --
STRUCTURE OF ELECTRODYNAMIC AND PARTlCLE
HEATING IN THE DISTURBED POLAR
THERMOSPHERE
D. R. Taeusch (Michigan, University, Ann Arbor, Mich.)
I Feb. 1977 6 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 82. Feb. 1. 1977. D. 455-460.
~~
(Grant’NSF DES75Ld1484)
Molecular nitrogen density measurements obtained from
the neutral atmospheric composition experiment on board
OGO 6 satellite are used to study the morphology of the
polar energy deposition during periods of magnetic
disturbances. The data presented were obtained for eight
families of polar perigee passes during 1969 and 1970. The
data show a strong magnetic local time and invariant latitude
dependence, the majority of the energy deposition being in
the night sectors, extending down from the pole well into
the mid-invariant latitude regions (Author)
All-23205’
MULTlPLE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF
P U L S A T I O N R E S O N A N C E STRUCTURE IN THE
MAGNETOSPHERE
W. J. Hughes, R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell (California,
University, Los Angeles, Calif.) 1 Feb. 1977 7 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, Feb. I, 1977, p.
492-498.
.. ..
(Contract NAS5-I 1674; Grant NGL-05-007-004;
LC90A4330F)
Data from two intervals when pulsation activity was
simultaneously observed on both ATS 1 and OGO 5 satellites
are presented. The first example, a Pc 4, indicates that this
pulsation is caused by a field line near L = 7 resonating in
its second-harmonic mode. This is inferred from both plasma
density measurements and polarization characteristics. The
v-27
A77-23211
wave was not observed at three ground stations in the vicinity
of the satellite conjugate points. This indicates that Pc 4
waves are very localized in latitude and that a close array
(less than 100 km) is needed to perform effective correlation
with satellites. The second event, which is also in the Pc 4
band, can again be inferred to be a field line resonance
from the polarization characteristics (Author)
A77-23211*
COMPARISONS O F IONOGRAM AND OGO 6
S A T E L L I T E OBSERVATIONS O F SMALL-SCALE F
REGION INHOMOGENEITIES
J. W. Wright (NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory,
Boulder, Colo.), J. P. McClure, and W. B. Hanson (Texas,
University, Richardson, Tex.) I Feb. 1977 7 p ref Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, Feb. I , 1977, p. 548-554.
(Grants NGR-44-004-120; NSF DES71-0555-AO2;
NGL-44-W4-0011
A77-23Z208
STRUCTURE OF A QUASI-PARALLEL,
QUASI-LAMINAR B O W SHOCK
E. W. Greenstadt, F. L. Scarf (TRW Systems, Space Sciences
Dept., Redondo Beach, Calif.), C. T. Russell, R. E. Holzer
(California, University, Los Angles, Calif.), V. Formisano
(CNR, Laboratorio peril Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati, Italy),
P. C. Hedgecock (Imperial College of Science and Technology,
London, England), and M. Neugebauer (California Institute
of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.)
1 Feb. 1977 16 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research,
vol. 82, Feb. I, 1977. p. 651-666.
(Contract NASw-2398)
A thick quasi-parallel bow shock structure was observed
on February 14, 1969, with field and particle detectors of
both HEOS 1 and OGO 5. The typical magnetic pulsation
structure was at least 1-2 R-E thick radially and was
accompanied by irregular but distinct (average) plasma
distributions characteristic of neither the solar wind nor the
magnetosheath. There appeared to be a separate
’interpulsation’ regime occurring between bursts of large
amplitude oscillations. This regime was magnetically similar
to the upstream wave region but was characterized by
disturbed plasma flux and enhanced noise around the ion
plasma frequency. The shock structure appeared to be largely
of an oblique whistler type, probably complicated by
counterstreaming high-energy protons. (Author)
Al7-23222*
HIGH-LATITUDE NITRIC O X I D E I N T H E L O W E R
THERMOSPHERE
J.-C. Gerard and C. A. Barth (Colorado, University, Boulder,
Colo.) 1 Feb. 1977 7 p ref Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 82, Feb. 1, 1977, p. 674-680.
(Grants NGR-06-003- 127; NGL-06-003-052)
High-latitude observations of fluorescent nitric oxide
gamma bands were made before and during a strong magnetic
storm with the OGO 4 ultraviolet spectrometer. Brightness
measurements of the (1-0) gamma band of nitric oxide indicate
a slow buildup of NO during the disturbed period. The NO
column densitv reaches a value as hieh as a factor of 8
~~ ~~~ ~ ~~
greater than ttk midlatitude value and ;bows no correlation
with the brightness of the instantaneous aurora. A
time-dependent model calculation indicates that the ionization
and dissociation of N2 by auroral electrons can increase
the NO and N(4-S) densities. This increase is dependent o n
the intensity and duration of the auroral precipitation and
on the branching ratio of N(2-D) production by dissociation
of N2. A steady state is not reached for NO until 100,ooO
sec in an aurora characterized by an energy flux of IO ergs
per sq cm sec. Dissociation by the solar ultraviolet
radiation competes with horizontal and vertical transport as
a loss process for the nitric oxide produced by the aurora.
A high N 0 ( + ) / 0 2 ( + ) ratio is to be expected in the period
following a s!rong aurora! preripi!a!ion. (P.uther)
V-28
- .
. . -. -.
AEROS A ATOMIC OXYGEN PROFILES COMPARED
H THF
W I T -.... - - - 6. MODEI.
- 0C.O .- - - -
B. Rawer, K. Rawer, G. Schmidtke, R. Matzke, and CH.
Muenther (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der
angewandten Forschung, lnstitut fuer physikalische
Weltraumforschung, Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany)
1976 7 p refs In: Space research XVI; Proceedings of the
Open Meetings of Working Groups on Physical Sciences,
May 29-June 7, 1975, and Symposium and Workshop on
Results from Coordinated Upper Atmosphere Measurement
Programs, Varna, Bulgaria, May 29-31, 1975. Berlin, East
Germany, Akademie-Verlag G m b H , 1976, p. 251-257.
Research sponsored by the Bundesministerium fuer Forschung
und Technologie.
The two model atmospheres established by the OGO 6
group can now be compared with many atomic oxygen profiles
in the height range 2W450 km obtained with a satellite
occultation experiment under ground sunrise conditions. It
appears that for such conditions densities and temperatures
given by the models are higher than found from the
measurements. Smoothing over the day, as applied in the
models, may be responsible for a part of this difference.
Up to 400 km the second (non-isothermal) OGO 6 model
fits the data better than does the isothermal one. (Author)
.677-2411161
_. -.---,I
THE MORPHOLOGY OF EQUATORIAL
IRREGULARITIES IN T H E A F R O - A S I A N S E C T O R
FROM OGO 6 OBSERVATIONS
S. Basu, S . Basu. J. N. Bhar, and B. K. Guhathakurta
(Calcutta, University, Calcutta, India) 1976 7 p refs In:
Space research XVI; Proceedings of the O p e n Meetings of
Working Groups on Physical Sciences, May 29-June 7, 1975,
and Symposium and Workshop on Results from Coordinated
Upper Atmosphere Measurement Programs, Varna, Bulgaria,
May 29-31, 1975. Berlin, East Germany, Akademie-Verlag
GmbH, 1976, p. 427-433. Research supported by the Indian
Space Research Organization.
The morphology of equatorial irregularities i n the
Afro-Asian sector delimited between 40 deg W and 160 deg
E longitudes is assessed on the basis of in-situ data obtained
from the retarding potential analyzer aboard the OGO 6
satellite, including a high-resolution mode of operation
specifically designed to measure the amplitude and scale sizes
of ionospheric irregularities. Equivalent VHF scintillation
indices are obtained within the framework of a suitable
scattering theory. Smoothed contours of percentage
occurrence of estimated scintillations of at least I dB on
quiet days are determined for overhead observations on a
geographic longitude and d i p latitude grid. Significant
longitudinal variation of the estimated scintillations is
revealed, with maximum occurrence being observed in the
African sector. S.D.
A77-25183*
GLOBAL EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES AND
DENSITIES UNDER ACTIVE SOLAR CONDITIONS
J. S. Nisbet (Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pa.), B. J. Wydra (Rockwell International Corp., Anaheim,
Calif.), C. A. Reber (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center,
~ Greenbelt, Md.), and J. M. Luton (CNRS, Service
d’Aeronomie, Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France) Jan.
1977 11 p refs Planetary and Space Science, vol. 25, Jan.
1977, p. 59-69.
(Grant NGL-39-009-003; N00014-67-A-0385-0017)
Temperatures measured by the OGO-6 satellite using the
6300 A airglow spectrum are compared with temperatures
derived from total densities and N2 densities. It is shown
that while the variation of the total densities with latitude
and magnetic activity agree well with values used for ClRA
(1972), the temperature behavior is very different. While the
temperatures derived from the N2 density were in much
better agreement there were several important differences
which radically affect the pressure gradients. The variation
t -...--.. ..--
t .&b -agnctic ac?i..i?y shewed ZZsQna! 2.d
L.,..,y.,,uL”,b

local time variations. Neutral temperature, density, pressure
and boundary oxygen variations for the storm of 8 March
1970 are presented. (Author)
A77-27317*
EMPIRICAL MODELS O F HIGH-LATITUDE ELECTRIC
FIELDS
J . P . Heppner ( N A S A , Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Mar. 1977 11 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 82, Mar. 1, 1977, p. 1115-1125.
Observational models of high-latitude dawn-dusk electric
fields, quantitatively based on OGO 6 measurements, are
presented for the t w o Northern Hemisphere (summer)
distributions that occur, respectively, when the interplanetary
magnetic field is in the -Y or +Y hemisphere in solar
ecliptic coordinates. Both models are representative of
conditions which produce magnetic disturbance levels
corresponding to Kp of approximately 3. Model cross sections
are also given for two selected time periods when the fields
were exceptionally weak or strong and were accompanied
by magnetic conditions corresponding to Kp of zero or AE
of about IOOO, respectively. An attempt is made to construct
convection patterns resembling the original idealizations of
Axford a n d Hines (1961) in order to obtain convective
continuity within the observed boundaries. Since the result
is not realistic in representing observations near the Harang
discontinuity in the nightside auroral belt, the pattern is
modified to fit typical conditions near that discontinuity.
F.G.M.
... . - .- .
A77-273 1A*
- Physics, vol. 39, Apr. 1977, p. 399-414. Centre National de
MAGNETIC STORM EFFECTS ON THE T R O P I C A L
- - - -..- .- -- - .A- -I-R- G-I -n W
Il1.TRAVIOI.ET I
J.-C. Gerard (Colorado, University, Boulder, Colo.), D. N.
Anderson (NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder,
Colo.), a n d S. M atsushita (High Altitude Observatory,
Boulder, Colo.) I Mar. 1977 I 1 p refs Journal of
Geophysical Research, vol. 82, Mar. 1, 1977. p. 1126-1136.
(Grants NGR-06-003-127; NGL-06-003-052)
OGO 4 measurements of the UV equatorial airglow made
during a period which included a major magnetic storm are
analyzed and used as an indicator of wind direction and
velocity a s well as ExB drift magnitude and phase. Some
features of the airglow intensity and distribution are explained
in terms of storm-induced changes in vertical drift velocity,
neutral composition, or both. The observations are shown
to be consistent with an eastward neutral wind that
transports ionization from the Southern to the Northern
Hemisphere while raising the F layer in the South and lowering
it in the North. Theoretical modeling of the low-latitude
F-region ionosphere indicates that an eastward wind with
velocity approaching 300 m/s at 2100 LT can qualitatively
produce the observed hemispheric asymmetries in airglow
emission rates. F.G.M.
A77-31391*
THE LOCAL TIME VARIATION O F ELF EMISSIONS
DURING PERIODS O F SUBSTORM ACTIVITY
R. M. Thorne, S. R. Church, W. J. Malloy (California,
I; University, Los Angeles, Calif.), and B. T. Tsurutani
(California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) 1 Apr. 1977 6 p refs Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, Apr. 1, 1977, p.
1585-1590.
(Contract NAS7- 100, Grants NSF DES-75-14923; NSF
DES-75-13792)
A statistical study is reported concerning the occurrence
probability of ELF emissions observed on the low-altitude
polar-orbiting satellite OGO 6 during periods of substorm
activity. Over 160 individual substorm periods have been
selected and analyzed during the period from June 1969 to
October 1970. The statistical results are discussed, taking
into account ELF response to substorm activity and emissions
during the recovery phase of magnetic storms. G.R.
A77-37153
A77-34326*
VARIATIONAI. ELECTRIC FIELDS AT M W
LATITUDES AND THEIR RELATION TO SPREAD-F
AND PLASMA IRREGULARITIES
J. A. Holtet, N. C. Maynard, and J. P. Heppner (NASA,
G o d d a r d Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary
Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) Mar. 1977 16 p refs Journal
of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 39, Mar. 1977,
p. 247-262.
In situ measurements of variational electric fields at low
latitudes, taken by O G O 6 satellite instruments, a r e
analyzed. The observations are compared with other data
on F region and spread-F structures. Conformity of the
electric field fluctuations with the overall picture of
low-latitude irregularities is examined empirically a n d
theoretically, and candidate processes for generation of the
observed irregularities are considered. Three distinct types
of irregularities are delineated and compared. R.D.V.
A77-3490 1
EXPERlMENTAL GLOBAL MODEL OF THE
EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE BASED ON
MEASUREMENTS FROM THE FABRY-PEROT
INTERFEROMETER ON BOARD THE OGO-6
S A T E L L I T E - D I S C U S S I O N O F THE DATA AND
PROPERTIES O F THE MODEL
G. Thuillier (CNRS, Service d'Aeronomie,
Verrieres-le-Buisson, Essonne, France), J. L. Falin, and C.
Wachtel (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Geodynamiques
et Astronomiques, Grasse, Alpes-Maritima, France) Apr.
1977 16 p refs Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial
la Recherche Scientifique
(Contract CNRS-RCP-336)
The Fabry-Perot interferometer on board of the OGO-6
satellite measures the spectral profile of the 630 nm airglow
line. The Doppler width leads to a direct measurement of
the thermospheric temperature. A careful analysis of the data
has been performed. The global thermospheric temperature
is represented by a set of coefficients based on the results
of an analysis in spherical harmonics. Comparisons with
measured temperatures by incoherent scatter ground stations
and by N2 density are made. The model refers to quiet and
moderate magnetic activity and to high solar activity.
(Author)
All-37 153*
A G L O B A L THERMOSPHERIC MODEL BASED O N
MASS SPECTROMETER AND INCOHERENT SCA'ITER
DATA MSIS. I - N2 DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE
A. E. Hedin, C. A. Reber, G. P. Newton, N. W. Spencer
(NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.), J.
E. Salah, J. V. Evans (MIT, Lexington, Mass.), D. C. Kayser
(Minnesota, University, Minneapolis, Minn.), D. Alcayde
( C e n t r e d'Etudes Spatiales des Rayonnements, Toulouse,
France), P. Bauer (Centre de Recherches en Physique de
I'Environnernent, lssy-les- M oulineaux, H auts-de-Seine,
France), L. Cogger (Calgary, University, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada) et a1 I Jun. 1977 9 p refs Journal of Geophysical
Research, vol. 82. June 1, 1977, p. 2139-2147.
Measurements of neutral nitrogen density from mass
spectrometers on five satellites (AE-B, OGO 6, San Marco
3, Aeros A, and AE-C) and neutral temperatures inferred
from incoherent scatter measurements at four ground stations
are combined to produce a model of thermospheric neutral
temperatures and nitrogen densities similar to the OGO 6
empirical model (Hedin et al., 1974). This global model is
designated MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent
scatter). T h e global average temperature, the a n n u a l
temperature variation, lower bound density, and lower bound
temperature are discussed. The data set covers the time period
from the end of 1965 to mid-1975 and also a wide range of
solar activities. Diurnal and semidiurnal variations in lower
bound density and temperature are considered, as is magnetic
activity. M.L.
v-29
A77-37154

An-31154'
A G L O B A L THERMOSPHERIC MODEL BASED ON
MASS SPECTROMETER AND INCOHERENT SCAITER
DATA MSIS. II - COMPOSITION
A. E. Hedin, C. A. Reber, G . P. Newton, N. W. Spencer,
H. C. Brinton, H. G. Mayr (NASA, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Md.), and W. E. Potter (Minnesota,
University, Minneapolis, Minn.) I Jun. 1977 9 p refs
Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, June 1, 1977, p.
2 148-2156,
Measurements of 0, He, and Ar from neutral gas mass
spectrometers on four satellites (OGO 6, San Marco 3,
AEROS A, and AEC-C) and inferred oxygen and hydrogen
densities from an ion mass spectrometer on AE-C have been
combined with a neutral temperature and nitrogen density
model to produce a global model of thermospheric
composition in terms of inferred variations at 120 km. The
data set covers the time period from mid-I969 t o mid-1975.
The MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data)
model is compared with the OGO 6 model (Hedin et al.,
1974). Ar variations at I20 km tend to be in phase with
temperature variations and inverse to the He, 0, and H
variations. M.L.
on the OGO-5 and OSO-6 satellites. Spectra for five of the
six bursts have been determined using measurements from
both satellites in order to reduce ambiguities due to uncertain
source locations. A significant fraction, about 20-608, of
the energy of the h u h falls in the hard X-ray range (20-130
keV). T h e time-integrated spectra have been fitted by
power-law, exponential, and thermal-bremsstrahlung
functions. They are consistent with power laws which
steepen at energies of at least 150 keV, as reported earlier
for two other bursts. Evidence for spectral variability from
event to event in the hard X-ray region is presented. For a
power-law representation. the power-law index has values
ranging from approximately unity to 2.5. The hard X-ray
spectra of the gamma-ray bursts differ significantly from
those of the recently discovered I-15-keV X-ray bursts.
(Author)

A77-42295'
OGO 5 OBSERVATIONS O F PC 5 WAVES - PARTICLE
FLUX MODULATIONS
S. Kokubun, M. G. Kivelson, R. L. McPherron, C. T. Russell
(California, University, Los Angeles, Calif.), and H. I . West,
Jr. (California, University, Livermore, Calif.) 1 Jul. 1977
13 p refs Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, July
I, 1977, p. 2774-2786. ERDA-sponsored research
(Grant NGR-05-007-004; Contract NOOO 14-69-A-200-40 16;
Grants NSF DES74-23464; NSF GA-34148 NSF
GA-34 148)
An investigation is conducted concerning the modulations
of particle fluxes associated with Pc 5 waves in the region
beyond the plasmapause. A study of thermal flux modulations
indicates that some of the density enhancements observed
are not spatial structures but are spurious features caused
by temporal flux variations associated with hydromagnetic
waves. A resonance model of the energetic particle flux
modulations is discussed. Energetic particle modulations are
also considered. T h e reported observations reveal that
modulations are dominant at energies of about 100 keV for
electrons and at 100 keV to 1 MeV for protons. This may
indicate that the bounce resonance interaction is not important
for Pc 5 waves. G.R.

A77-42297'
LIGHT ION AND ELECTRON TROUGHS OBSERVED
IN T H E MID-LATITUDE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE O N
TWO PASSES OF OGO 6 COMPARED TO COINCIDENT
EQUATORIAL ELECTRON DENSITY DEDUCED FROM
WHISTLERS
M. G . Morgan, P. E. Brown, W. C. Johnson (Dartmouth
College, Hanover, N.H.), and H. A. Taylor, Jr. (NASA,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Planetary
Atmospheres, Greenbelt, Md.) 1 Jul. 1977 4 p Journal
of Geophysical Research, vol. 82, July 1, 1977, p.
2797-2800.
(Contract NAS5-9305; Contract NGR-30-001-031)

A 7 8 10580'
H A R D X-RAY SPECTRA OF COSMIC GAMMA-RAY
BURSTS
S. R. Kane (California, University, Berkeley, Calif.) and G .
H. Share (U.S. Navy, E. 0. Hulbert Center for Space
Research, Washington, D.C.) 15 Oct. 1977 16 p refs
Astrophysical Journal, Part I , vol. 217, Oct. 15. 1977, p.
549-564. Navy-supported research.
(Grant NGL-05-003-017)
Hard X-ray measurements of six gamma-ray bursts
observed during the period from October 1969 to April 197 I
are presented. The measurements were made with detectors

V-30
 B. Literature Cited in STAR
The “ N ” at the beginning of these accession numbers which end with a five digit number less
than 70001 represents a series announced in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports ( S T A R ) .
This series contains scientific and technical reports issued by NASA and its contractors, other
Government agencies, corporations, universities, and research organizations throughout the world.
:I
N6833302*# California Univ., Berkeley. Space Sciences
Lab.
EXPERIMENT DATA ANALYSIS REPORT. O G O - A
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
K. A. Anderson IO Jun. 1968 6 p I f s ser. 9, issue 30
(Contract NAS5-2222)
(NASA-CR-96278) Avail: NTlS
A scintillation counter on the OGO-A satellite, consisting
of a Csl crystal surrounded by a plastic anticoincidence shield,
was used in an experiment t o detect 3 to 90 MeV protons
in solar cosmic rays. Typical background counting rates of
the OGO-A detector are indicated, and the various observed
proton events are listed. The main problems in dealing with
these data are that the anticoincidence shield did not function
and that much of the time coverage of the events was very
fragmentary. M.W.R.
N71-25288*# National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
RELATIVISTIC INTERPLANETARY ELECTRONS AND
POSITRONS
T. L. Cline 1970 6 p In its Significant Accomplishments
in Sci. and Technol. at Goddard Space Flight Center 1970
p 134-139
Avail: NTlS
Comparison between electron and positron intensities in
interplanetary regions show that, in the energy interval of 2
lo 10 MeV, positrons are only a few percent as numerous
as electrons so that the 2 t o 10 MeV electrons indeed form
a separate component in the interplanetary electron popula-
tion. Time variation analyses of electron intensities establish
the presence of f o u r coherent populations: solar flare
electrons, storm particles, quiet time electrons, and anomalous
electron intensity variations during quiet times; the latter
correlate inversely with proton intensities. G.G.
N73-17947* National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
A NEW VIEW O F T H E RING CURRENT
M. Sugiura 1972 5 p In its Significant Accomplishments
in Sci., 1971 p 62-66
The OGO 3 and 5 observations provided reliable magnetic
field data on the inner magnetosphere, including the intensity
and distribution of the quiettime ring current. The field energy
density associated with the minimum Delta B (about -40
nT) is found to be greater than the plasma energy density
estimated from the available thermal plasma observations
by a factor of 10 or more. J.A.M.
N74-25869*# Faraday Labs., Inc., La Jolla, Calif.
OGO-6 GASSURFACE ENERGY TRANSFER EXPERI-
-
MENT Final Report, 8 Aug. 1968 31 Dec. 1973
D. McKeown, R. S. Dummer, J. M. Bowyer, Jr., and W.
E. Corbin, Jr. 31 Dec. 1973 57 p
(Contract N A S I 1163)
(NASA-CR-139009; FAR-GF73-013) Avail: NTlS
The kinetic energy flux of the upper atmosphere was
analyzed using OGO-6 data. Energy transfer between IO
microwatts/sq c m a n d 0.1 W/sq cm was measured by
short-term frequency changes of temperature-sensitive quartz
crystals used in the energy transfer probe. The condition of
the surfaces was continuously monitored by a quartz crystal
microbalance to determine the effect surface contamination
had on energy accommodation. Results are given on the
computer analysis and laboratory tests performed to optimize
the operation of the energy transfer probe. Data are also
given o n the bombardment of OGO-6 surfaces by high energy
particles. T h e thermoelectrically-cooled quartz crystal
microbalance is described in terms of its development and
applications. Author
N74-26848 Maryland Univ., College Park.
T H E EFFECT O F EXTRATERRESTRIAL DUST,
STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS, AND LQWER THER-
MOSPHERIC PRESSURE SYSTEMS O N OGO-4 M E A S
URED NIGHTGLOWS IN T H E EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
(SO TO 100 KM) Ph.D. Thesis
J. D. Walker, Jr. 1973 204 p
Photometric measurements of four upper D and lower
E region nightglows are investigated. World-wide maps of
the night-glow distribution and deviations from daily zonal
averages are given, and analysis of the variation in nightglow
intensities is made. From this distribution, pressure systems
operating in the nightglow altitudes are deduced, though
the source of these systems is not determined.
Dissert. Abstr.
N74-28251. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
AE-LEE MEASUREMENTS AT LQW AND MID LATI-
TUDE
R. A. Hoffman, J. L. Burch, and R. J. Janetzke May 1974
14 p In its Proc. of the Workshop on Electron Contamination
in X-ray Astronomy Expt.
Shortly after the Low Energy Electron Experiment (LEE)
on the Atmosphere Explorer-C was turned on following
launch, an unexpected phenomenon was encountered at
mid-latitudes, a counting rate was acquired with o n e
maximum per roll. Recent analysis shows that these counting
rates occur when the detectors are looking in the ram direction
of the spacecraft and the spacecraft is near perigee, and are
indeed not due to properly analyzed charged particles. After
showing the probable cause of these counting rates, some
upper limits to true fluxes at low altitudes in the energy
range 200 eV to 25 keV from the LEE experiment are
v-31
N74-2909 1
shown. OGO-4 data taken at mid-latitudes are included.
Author
N74-29091* National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC WINDS RELATED T O
SOLAR-INTERPLANETARY CONDITIONS
J. P. Heppner 15 Feb. 1974 6 p In its Possible Relationships
between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena
p 266-271
Two recent results imply that the distribution of winds
in the polar ionosphere should change as a function of the
direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. F r o m the
motions of chemically released ion and neutral clouds, it is
apparent that neutral winds in the high latitude ionosphere
are driven principally by ion drag forces. OGO-6 electric
field measurements have demonstrated that there are
definite relationships between the time latitude distribution
of ionospheric plasma convection and interplanetary magnetic
field parameters, and also that the distribution is most
sensitive to the azimuthal angle of the interplanetary field.
The lower altitude, meteorological effects of these externally
driven ionospheric winds are not known. However, observa-
tions of infrasonic waves following sudden ionization
enhancements indicate the existence of momentum transfer.
Author
N7429255*# Temple Univ., Philadelphia, Pa.
REDUCTION AND ANALYSISOF DATA FROM COSMIC
DUST EXPERIMENTS ON MARINER 4, OGO 3, AND
LUNAR EXPLORER 35 Final Technical Report
27 Jun. 1974 95 p
(Grant NGR-39-012-001)
(NASA-CR-138866) Avail: NTlS
The analysis of data from the cosmic dust experiment
on three NASA missions is discussed. These missions were
Mariner IV, OGO 111, and Lunar Explorer 35. The analysis
effort has included some work in the laboratory of the physics
of microparticle hypervelocity impact. This laboratory effort
was initially aimed at the calibration and measurements of
the different sensors being used in the experiment. The latter
effort was conducted i n order to better understand the velocity
and mass distributions of the picogram sized ejecta parti-
cles. Author
N74-30528 California Univ., Los Angeles.
EXTREMELY L O W FREQUENCY HISS EMISSIONS IN
T H E MAGNETOSPHERE Ph.D. Thesis
K. W. Chan 1974 210 p
The extremely low frequency hiss emissions in the
magnetosphere were studied, using the data from the
UCLA/JPL triaxial search coil magnetometer experiment on
OGO-5 and OGO-6. In supplement ot the wave observa-
tions, simultaneous measurements of ion density, ambient
magnetic field, and energetic electron flux from the comple-
mentary experiments on OGO-5 were analyzed. In regions
of the detached ion density enhancements outside the
plasmasphere, a narrow band of hiss emission (Dp hiss)
between 50 and 200 Hz was detected consistently. This is of
distinctly lower frequency than the hiss between 200 and
500 Hz observed inside the plasmasphere. The occurrence
patterns, spectral characteristics, wave polarization, a n d
normal vector direction of the D P hiss are presented for
the first time. Dissert. Abstr.
N74-35223 California Univ., Los Angeles.
ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE NEAR GEOMAGNE-
TIC TAIL AND AT SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT: SPATIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS AND ACCELERATION MECHANISMS
Ph.D. Thesis
R. J. Walker 1973 133 p
The results of a study of the energetic (E50 keV) electron
population in the near geomagnetic tail 'and a model for
the acceleration of outer radiation zone electrons are
presented. Energetic electron data and magnetic field data
from electron spectrometer a n d fluxgate magnetometer
V-32
experiments on OGO-5 formed the basis for the magnetotail
electrons study. The spatial distribution of energetic plasma
sheet electrons out to a radial distance of 24 R E is
presented. The energetic electron population is of nearly
constant thickness as a function of the solar magnetospheric
Y coordinate. This observation contrasts those from the
Vela satellites in which the distribution thickens near the
dawn magnetopause. Dissert. Abstr.
N75-12873*# National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
FEATURES O F POLAR CUSP ELECTRON PRECIPITA-
TION ASSOCIATED W I T H A L A R G E M A G N E T I C
STORM
F. W. Berko Nov. 1974 25 p Submitted for publication
(NASA-TM-X-70792; X-626-74-326) Avail: NTlS
Measurements of precipitating electrons made by the
OGO-4 satellite reveal several interesting phenomena in the
polar cusp. Extremely high fluxes of 0.7 keV electrons were
observed in the polar cusp ninety minutes following the sudden
commencement of a very large magnetic storm. Structured,
fairly high fluxes of 7.3 keV electrons were also observed in
the cusp region, accompanied by very strong search coil
magnetometer fluctuations, indicative of strong field-aligned
currents. The observations confirm previously reported
latitudinal shifts in the location of the polar cusp i n response
to southward interplanetary magnetic fields. Author
N75-17020*# Franklin Inst.. Swarthmore, Pa. Bartol
Research Foundation.
ANALYSIS O F PROTON AND ELECTRON SPECTRO-
METER DATA FROM OGO-5 SPACECRAFT Final Report,
I Jul. 1973 - 31 Jul. 1974
M. A. Pomerantz 13 Feb. 1975 95 p
(Contract NGR-39-005-105)
(NASA-CR-142078) Avail: NTlS
The interaction between the geomagnetic and in-
terplanetary magnetic fields is studied through its effects upon
the intensities of solar electrons reaching the polar c a p s
during times of strongly anisotropic electron fluxes in the
magnetosheath. During the particle event of November 18,
1968, electrons of solar origin were observed outside the
magnetopause with detectors aboard OGO-5. Correlative
studies of these satellite observations a n d concurrent
measurements by riometers and ionospheric forward scatter
systems i n both polar regions revealed that the initial stage
of the associated polar cap absorption event is attributable
to the arrival of solar electrons. Evidence of a north-south
asymmetry in the solar electron flux, at a time when the
interplanetary magnetic field vector was nearly parallel with
the ecliptic plane, supports an open magnetospheric model.
The analysis indicates that an anisotropic electron flux may
be isotropized at the magnetopause before propagating into
the polar regions. Author
N75-17277*# California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.
ANALYSIS O F OGO-5 AND O W - 7 X-RAY DATA Final
Report
R. L. Moore Feb. 1975 8 p
(Contract NGR-05-002-294)
(NASA-CR-142131) Avail: NTIS
The physical nature of solar flares implied by the data
was studied. The empirical results were obtained primarily
from the OGO-5 and OSO-7 X-ray data in combination
with optical data. The principal conclusions regarding the
physics of flares are the following. ( I ) Flares are produced
by magnetic field reconnection. (2) The resulting thermal
X-ray plasma is cooled primarily by heat conduction rather
than by radiative cooling. (3) The heating and cooling of
the thermal X-ray plasma are approximately i n balance during
the maximum phase of the flare. Author
N75-17281*# California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Big
Bear Solar Observatory.
S L O W X-RAY B U R S T S A N D C H R O M O S P H E R I C
FLARES WITH FILAMENT DISRUPTION

J. R. Roy and I-. Tang 1975 31 p
(Grant NGR-05-002-294)
(NASA-CR-142151; BBSO-0141) Avail: NTlS
The data from OGO-5 and OSO-7 X-ray experiments
have been analyzed to study six chromospheric flares with
filament disruption associated with slow thermal X-ray
bursts. Filament activation accompanied by a slight X-ray
enhancement precedes the first evidence of H alpha flare by
a few minutes. Rapid increase of the soft X-ray flux is
accompanied by a sudden brightening of the filament when
viewed on-band H alpha. Thereafter the bright chromospheric
strands reach their maximum brightness with maximum
X-ray flux. Any plateau or slow decay phase in the X-ray
flux is accompanied by a quieting in filament activity and
even by filament re-appearance. The height of the disrupted
prominence is proportional to the soft X-ray flux for the
August 3, 1970 limb occulted event. Author
N75-17877” Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Palo Alto,
Calif. Space Sciences Lab.
A MULTI-SATELLITE STUDY O F THE NATURE OF
WAVELIKE STRUCTURES IN THE MAGNETOSPHERIC
PLASMA Final Report
E. G. Shelley 22 Aug. 1974 30 p
(Contract NASw-255 1)
(NASA-CR- 143680; LMSC-D405375;
NSSDC-ID-68-014A-18-PM) Avail: NTlS
An intercomparison is made of the wavelike structures
in the data from the light ion mass spectrometer and the
fluxgate magnetometer on OGO 5. The wavelike structures
appear simultaneously in the data from both experiments.
The waves contain both transverse and compressional modes
and exhibit periods of 100 to 200 seconds. The waves are
usually observed outside the plasmapause and are located
primarily on the dayside of the magnetosphere. One possible
cause of the apparent density fluctuation is a velocity
modulation of the thermal plasma which causes the particles
to drift into and out of the ion spectrometer. Author
N75-18144*# Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
SOLAR X-RAY STUDIES Final Report
J. A. Vorpahl 5 Jan. 1975 3 p
(Grant NG R-05-084-002)
(NASA-CR-142164) Avail: NTIS
The hard X-ray component in the impulsive phase of
solar flares is reported. Observations from OGO-5 and OSO-7
show no center-to-limb effect of soft X-ray flare. These soft
events were plotted separately a s a function of solar
longitude. M.C.F.
N75-19114*# Michigan Univ., Ann A r b o r . Radio
Astronomy Observatory.
OGO-V RADIO BURST ANALYSIS
F. T. Haddock Feb. 1975 3 p
(Grant NGR-23-005-549)
(NASA-CR-142232; UM/RAO-75-1) Avail: NTlS
An analysis is presented of data on the km-wave type-3
bursts associated with H alpha flares. A list of published
papers based on previous analysis is also presented. M.J.S.
N75-19882 Pittsburgh Univ., Pa.
OBSERVATIONS FROM THE ORBITING GEOPHYSI-
CAL OBSERVATORY 6 O F MESOSPHERIC AIRGLOW
AND SCATTERING LAYERS Ph.D. Thesis
B. W. Guenther 1974 98 p
Data obtained from an horizon scanning photometer
flown onboard the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory-6 are
presented. The photometer had a field of 7.5’ of arc in the
vertical, to yield an extremely fine altitude resolution (usually
6 km or less) through the region about the mesopause near
95 k m . Interference filters, one centered near 557.7 nm
designed to detect the O(‘S)-q’D) atomic oxygen emission,
and one centered near 589.3 nm designed to detect the
resonance radiation from free atomic sodium, were alternately
displayed between a telescope and a photomultiplier tube.
Several latitude profiles of the maximum integrated slant
N75-24202
emission rate of 557.7 and 589.8-589.6 nm nightglow are
presented, showing generally an oscillatory behavior for
both lines, with a generally anticorrelative amplitude. The
green line of atomic oxygen near 97 km in the mesosphere
shows a strong tendency for a relatively deep trough at low
latitudes near the equator. Sodium day airglow, known to
emit in a narrow layer about 92 km, was investigated. Several
plots of sodium dayglow brightness displayed against latitude
are presented. At high latitudes, during local summers, a
narrow but bright particle scattering layer was detected.
Dissert. Absrr.
N75-21195 Stanford Univ.. Calif.
LOW-ENERGY RADIO EMISSIONS FROM THE EARTH
AND SUN Ph.D. Thesis
N. Dunckel 1974 178 D
New features of sdlar type 3 bursts, plasma-wave
emissions and high-pass or earth noise (also called terrestrial
kilometric radiation) are revealed by a sensitive sweeping
receiver operating in the 10 to 100 kHz range on the OGO-1
and OGO-3 satellites. A new feature of the study was the
comparison of the dynamic spectra of type 3 bursts with
the azimuthal distribution of density in the interplanetary
medium. D y n a m i c spectra observed at times when the
associated flare was in a position to illuminate a dense
interplanetary region with energetic particles suggest that
generation took place in this dense region. Shocks propagating
in the interplanetary medium can cause enhancements in
the type 3 burst spectra. The relative times of arrival at I
AU of energetic particles and low-frequency type 3 bursts
indicate that the exciting particles are electrons not protons.
The effects on the emitted wave of refraction and reduced
velocity due t o the coronal density are shown to be
minimal. Dissert. Abstr.
N75-22959 Stanford Univ., Calif.
MAGNETOSPHERIC CHORUS Ph.D. Thesis
W. J. Burtis 1974 179 p
Characteristics of VLF chorus in the outer magnetosphere
are investigated in a survey based on 400 hr of broadband
d a t a collected by OGO 3 during 1966-67. Bandlimited
whistler-mode emissions constitute the dominant form of
radiation, and the detailed description provides a starting
point for a realistic theory of wave-particle interactions
beyond the plasmapause. Spectrograms illustrate typical and
unusual examples of magnetospheric chorus. The observations
are interpreted in terms of whistler-mode propagation theory
and a gyroresonant feedback interaction model. An exact
expression is derived for the critical frequency at which the
curvature of the refractive index surface vanishes at zero
wave normal angle. Near this frequency rays with initial
wave normal angles between 0 deg and -20 deg are focused
along the initial field line for thousands of km, enhancing
the phase-bunching of incoming gyroresonant electrons. The
upper peak in the bimodal normalized frequency distribution
is attributed to this enhancement near the critical fre-
quency. T h e observations seem t o be consistent with
gyroresonant generation of emissions at low latitudes,
followed by spreading of the radiation over a range of L
shells farther down the field lines. Dissert. Abstr.
N75-24202 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
THE ROLE 01;ICE PARTICULATES I N THE ELECTRI-
FICATION O F THE AIR I N THE MESOSPHERE Ph.D.
Thesis
E. T. Chesworth 1974 126 p
The observations of noctilucent clouds, the measurements
of hydrated ions, and the light-scattering layer detected by
the OGO-6 satellite suggest the presence of ice crystals in
the mesosphere. The correlation between temperature and
positive ion mobility where the vapor pressure over ice
becomes greater than atmospheric pressure just above the
stratopause indicates the presence of ice crystals throughout
the mesosphere at all latitudes during all seasons. Confirma-
tion of this theory is provided by the numerical value of
the logarithmic derivative of positive ion conductivity being
v-33
N75-24593
within 8% of the specific entropy change when ice sublimes.
It is shown that loo0 to 10,ooO ice crystals per cu cm of
order 100 A in diameter dominate electron loss processes in
the upper mesosphere. The theory explains the ledge at 83
km and validates the positive ion density measurements of
Hale. Dissert. Abstr.
N75-24593*# Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
DATA USER'S NOTES O F THE RADIO ASTRONOMY
EXPERIMENT ABOARD THE OGO-V SPACECRAFT
F. T . Haddock and S. L. Breckenridge 20 Apr. 1970
46 P
(Contract N A S5-9099)
(NASA-CR-143696; UM/RAO-70-3) Avail: NTlS
General information concerning the low-frequency
radiometer, instrument package launching and operation, and
scientific objectives of the flight are provided. Calibration
curves and correction factors, with general and detailed
information on the preflight calibration procedure are
included. The data acquisition methods and the format of
the data reduction, both on 35 mm film and on incremental
computer plots, are described. L.B.
N75-32651 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
MAGNETICALLY ORDERED HEATING IN T H E POLAR
REGIONS O F THE THERMOSPHERE Ph.D. Thesis
8. B. Hinton 1975 206 p
Geomagnetically controlled perturbations in the composi-
tion and temperature of the upper atmosphere were studied
for magnetically quiet and ordinary days using data from
the Neutral Atmosphere Composition Experiment on the
OGO-6 satellite. Two mechanisms were considered for
producing this effect: heating with an associated free
convection and horizontal forced convection driven by ion
drag. It is concluded, from study of the experimental data,
that the first mechanism is the dominant one. Two one-
dimensional models are proposed; these represent com-
plementary approximations of the importance of the
horizontal mass flux divergence t o the continuity of total
mass density. Maps of the horizontal distribution of the
column integrated energy input rate were produced from
comprehensive global composition data using a selected
altitude profile of heating. Global average input rates for
this heating were also obtained. I t follows that polar heating
is extremely significant to globar thermospheric structure.
Dissert. Abstr.
N75-329!25*# Chicago Univ., 111. Lab. for Astrophysics
. .
and Space Research.-
OGO-5 EXPERIMENT E-09 COSMIC R A Y ELECTRONS
Find Report
P. Meyer 5 Jun. 1975 3 p
(Contract N A S5-9096)
(NASA-CR-144668) Avail: NTlS
Cosmic ray spectra and solar electron data in the 10 to
200 MeV range, as measured by experiment E-09 on OGO-5,
are reported. E.H.W.
N76-10603 Texas Univ., Dallas.
DETERMINATION O F TROPICAL F-REGION WINDS
FROM ATOMICOXYGEN AIRGLOW EMISSIONS Ph.D.
Thesis
J. A. Bittencourt 1975 268 p
The nightime variation, longitudinal behavior, a n d
latitudinal asymmetry in the 01 1356 A and 01 6300 A
emissions, measured from O G O 4, were analysed in
conjunction with theoretical computer generated models. The
nightime variation of the column emission rates of both
emissions from about 25 deg N. to 25 deg S. dip latitude in
the ionospheric F-region was theoretically calculated by
numerically solving the time-dependent, coupled, non-linear
system of equations for the ionic concentrations, taking into
account production, loss, and transport of ionization. The
ratio of the square roots of the 1356 A to the 6300 A intensities
is found to be a single valued function of the height of the
Fz-peak, with a smaii dependence on exosphenc tempera-
v-34
ture. The inferred zonal velocity has an amplitude of about
280 meter/sec occurring near 21:30-22:00 LT. Dissert. Abstr.
N76-10610*# Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Ionosphere Research Lab.
GLOBAL EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES AND DENSI-
TIES UNDER ACTIVE SOLAR CONDITIONS
B. J. Wydra 3 Oct. 1975 98 p
(Grant NGL-39-009-003; Contract N00014-67-A-0385-0017)
(NASA-CR-145394; PSU-IRL-SCI-436) Avail: NTlS
Temperatures measured by the OGO-6 satellite using the
6300 A airglow spectrum are compared with temperatures
derived from total densities and N2 densities. It is shown
that while the variation of the total densities with latitude
and magnetic activity agree well with values used for ClRA
(1972), the temperature behavior is very different. While the
temperatures derived from the N2 density were in much
better agreement there were several important differences
which radically affect the pressure gradients. The variation
of temperature with magnetic activity indicated a seasonal
and local time effect and also a latitude and delay time
variation different from previous density derived tempera-
tures. A new magnetic index is proposed that is better
correlated with the observed temperatures. The temperature
variations at high latitudes were examined for three levels
of magnetic activity for both solstices and equinox condi-
tions. A temperature maximum in the pre-midnight sector
and a minimum in the noon sector were noted and seasonal
and geomagnetic time and latitude effects discussed. Neutral
temperature, density, pressure and boundary oxygen varia-
tions for the great storm of March 8, 1970 are presented.
Author
N76-21066' Colorado Univ.. Boulder
ON THE COMETARY HYDROGEN COMA A N D FAR
UV EMISSION
H. U. -Keller 1976 42 p In NASA. Goddard Space
Flight Center. The Study of Comets, Part 1 p 287-314
(Grant NGR-06-003-179)
Cometary hydrogen observations a r e reviewed with
emphasis o n observations of comet Bennett. The results are
theoretically interpreted and a brief summary of ultraviolet
observations other than Lyman alpha is given. Author
N76-27744 Pittsburgh Univ., Pa.
LATITUDINAL DEPENDENCE OF ATOMIC OXYGEN
DENSITY BETWEEN 90 AND 120 KILOMETERS A S
DERIVED FROM OGO-6 OBSERVATIONS OF THE
5577 A NIGHTGLOW Ph.D. Thesis
B. Wasser 1975 99 p
A photometer on board OGO-6 was used to study atomic
oxygen densities between 80 and 120 km altitude during
November, 1969. Densities were inferred from the 5577 A
emission observed in nightglow. T o take account of density
variations below the altitude of maximum slant emission
rate, data from several consecutive scans in a vertical plane
were used to produce near synoptic maps of volume emission
rates and atomic oxygen densities. The profiles showed peaks
at about 97 km with densities that varied between 2.1 x 10
to the 1 lth power and 3.5 x 10 to the 1 lth power atoms/cu
cm. The densities at 90 km varied between 2.0 x 10 to the
10th power and 1.7 x IO to the 11th power atoms/cu cm.
The deduced atomic oxygen density profiles between 90 km
and 100 km were then compared with the solution to the
continuity equation in the same range. The theoretical curves
agreed to within 20-259 of the curves deduced from the
nightglow observations. In addition, mechanisms for atomic
oxygen loss and atmospheric heating were considered.
Dissert. Abstr.
N76-33787% Laboratorio di Ricerca e Technologia per lo
Studio del Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati (Italy).
T H E MAGNETOPAUSE. PART 1: MULTISATELLITE
SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS O F BOW SHOCK
AND MAGNETOPAUSE POSITIONS
V . Formisano Aug. 1975 14 p

(LPS75-23-PT-I) Avail: NTIS
Simultaneous multisatellite observations of the earth’s
bow shock and magnetopause positions were made in order to
calculate gamma, the solar wind specific heat ratio. The
satellites used were OGO-5 and H E O S I . On six occasions
OGO-5 crossed the bow shock and H E O S l observed the
magnetopause; in seven cases the opposite occurred. The
measured values of the gamma range from 1.36 to 2.05,
with some indication that low values relate to low frequency
(0.05 Hz) upstream waves, whereas high values were obtained
when no upstream waves were observed. The average value
is exactly 1.666. In the laminar magnetosheath cases very
high gamma values were obtained. ESA
N76-33788# Laboratorio di Ricerca e Technologia per lo
Studio del Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati (Italy).
THE MAGNETOPAUSE: PART 2: MAGNETOPAUSE
POSITION AND THE RECONNECTION PROBLEM
V. Formisano Aug. 1975 31 p
(LPS75-24-PT-2) Avail: NTlS
OGO-5 magnetic field data were used t o locate the
magnetopause, while H E O S l (or sometimes Explorer 33)
plasma data were used to measure the solar wind dynamic
pressure and to study the actual response of the magnetosp-
here (through the location of the magnetopause) t o different
solar wind pressures. The OGO-5 magnetopause positions
were divided into two groups, one relating to observations
close to the ecliptic plane, the other having a sunearth-satellite
angle greater than 56.5 deg. Results show that not only is
the interplanetary magnetic field latitude important for the
magnetopause position (and therefore for the reconnection
process) but also the presence or absence of magnetosheath
turbulence and the proton number density are important.
ESA
N7633793# Laboratorio di Ricerca e Technologia per lo
Studio del Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati (Italy).
THE OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE. PART 1: A MULTI-
SATELLITE STUDY O F T H E MAGNETOPAUSE
POSITION IN RELATION WITH SOME IMPORTANT
FLUID DYNAMIC PARAMETERS
I- V. Formisano Feb. 1976 32 p
(LPS76-2-PT-1) Avail: NTlS
Simultaneous observations by OGO-5 and H E O S l of
the magnetopause and the earth’s-bow shock give a measure-
ment of the magnetosheath thickness, allowing a determina-
tion of the magnetosheath specific heats ratio. A statistical
study of the magnetopause position, normalized with respect
to the solar wind dynamical pressure, allows the determination
of f2/K and, in a few cases, of f and K separately. The
quantity f2/K varies over a large range and, on average,
has the value f2/K = 1.55. The geomagnetic field compression
factor f has the value f = 1.53, while the stagnation pressure
factor K is K approximately = 2.9, a value much larger
than predicted, probably because of the presence of the
magnetic field in the solar wind, and, possibly, of erosion
of the day-side magnetosphere. Both the fluid dynamic
approach and the current sheet model of the solar wind
confinement of the earth magnetic field appear to be
insufficient. Author (ESA)
N76-33795# Laboratorio di Ricerca e Technologia per lo
Studio del Plasma nello Spazio, Frascati (Italy).
THE OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE. PART 3: SIMULTA-
NEOUS MULTISATELLITE OBSERVATIONS O F THE
MAGNETOPAUSE.
V. Formisano Mar. 1976 29 p
(LPS76-4-PT-2) Avail: NTlS
Differences between local structures Simultaneous
observations of magnetopause structure with H E O S l and
OGO-5 (Day 341, 350 1969) or Explorer 35 (Day 300, 1969)
are studied. It is shown that the magnetopause structure is
similar over a large portion of space if similar conditions
are present. I n one case (Day 350, 1969) the structure observed
at HEOS-1 (reconnected magnetopause close to the diffusion
zone) is very different from the two discontinuity structure
N78-11543
observed at O G O - 5 (reconnected magnetopause away from
the diffusion zone). At H E O S l the magnetic field intensity
appears to be enhanced on both sides of the magnetopause,
by at least 10 gammas, compared with ambient field
intensity. The magnetospheric magnetic field (at about 95
deg t o the magnetosheath magnetic field) appears to be
distorted, with respect to the meridian plane, in the opposite
sense compared with the magnetospheric models.
Author (ESA)
N77-13587*# National .4eronautics and Space Administra-
tion. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
MAGNETIC ANOMALY MAP O F NORTH AMERICA
SOUTH O F 50 DEGREES NORTH FROM POGO DATA
M. A. Mayhew Aug. 1976 22 p Presented at 2d Intern.
Conf. on the New Basement Tectonics, Univ. of Delaware,
Jul. 1976
(NASA-TM-X-7 1229; X-922-76-201) Avail: NTlS
A magnetic anomaly map produced from Pogo data for
North America and adjacent ocean areas is presented. At
satellite elevations anomalies have wavelengths measured in
hundreds of kilometers, and reflect regional structures on a
large scale. Prominent features of the map are: (1) a large
east-west high through the mid-continent, breached at the
Mississippi Embayment; (2) a broad low over the Gulf of
Mexico; (3) a strong gradient separating these features,
which follows the Southern Appalachian-Ouachita curvature;
and (4) a high over the Antilles-Bahamas Platform which
extends to northern Florida. A possible relationship between
the high of the mid-continent and the 38th parallel lineament
is noted. Author
N77-23648*# Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
Cambridge, Mass.
THERMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, DENSITY, AND
COMPOSITION: NEW MODELS
L. G. Jacchia 15 Mar. 1977 112 p Sponsored by NASA
(NASA-CR-153049; SAO-Special-Rept-375) Avail: NTlS
The models essentially consist of two parts: the basic
static models, which give temperature and density profiles
for the relevant atmospheric constituents for any specified
exospheric temperature, and a set of formulae to compute
the exospheric temperature and the expected deviations from
the static models as a result of all the recognized types of
thermospheric variation. For the basic static models, tables
are given for heights from 90 to 2,500 km and for exos-
pheric temperatures from 500 to 2600 K. In the formulae
for the variations, an attempt has been made to represent
the changes in composition observed by mass spectrometers
o n the OGO 6 and ESRO 4 satellites. Author
N78-11543# Maine Univ., Orono.
A STUDY O F THE HEAT FLUX REVERSAL REGION
UPSTREAM FROM THE EARTH’S BOW SHOCK, USING
DATA FROM THE OGO 5 ELECTRON SPECTROMETER
Ph.D. Thesis
D. J. Hei, Jr. Ann Arbor, Mich. Univ. Microfilms
International, 1977 213 p
Avail: NTlS
Interplanetary data from the OGO 5 electron spectrometer
experiment were analyzed t o understand the cause of
non-monotonic spectral features at suprathermal energies. It
was found that the source for these features has one terminus
at the bow shock surface skirted by the interplanetary
magnetic field. The source region termed the heat flux
reversal region (HFR) was found to be approximately located
at the boundary between connecting and missing field
geometries. Plasma determined to be in the HFR was shown
to have reduced magnetic field magnitude compared to data
taken adjacent to it. This plasma also was shown to have
perpendicular electron pressure within the average range
expected for the solar wind. These results were explained in
terms of an interaction occurring within the HFR involving
suprathermal electrons which produced the reduced magnetic
field magnitude and the regulated perpendicular pressure.
Author
v-35
N78-12583

N7812583* Colorado Univ., Boulder.

SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS O F T H E GLOBAL
DlSTRlBlJTlON OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
J. London, J. E. Frederick, and G. P. Anderson 30 Apr.
1976 19 p Presented at Intern. Ozone Symp., Dresden,
9-17 Aug. 1976 Submitted for publication I n its Observed
and Theoretical Variations of Atmospheric Ozone
(Grants NGR-06-003-127; NSG-2126; NSG-7224; NSF
GA-38134x2)
Avail: NTlS
Observations of backscattered radiation from an Orbitintg
Geophysical Observatory (OGO) Satellite were used to
determine the global distribution of ozone in different layers
in the middle and upper stratosphere. The derived distribu-
tions show significant seasonal and geographic variations
with important differences indicated between winter and
s u m m e r hemisphere distributions. T h e O G O derived
distributions are compared with other observations (rocket
and satellite) and with photochemical calculations. It is
suggested that the increased ozone mixing ratio in the high
latitude winter hemisphere can be accounted for by transport
processes up to about 40-45 km a n d by the effects of
seasonal variations of NOX, HOX and temperature in the
region above. Author

V-36
 C. Literature Cited in Other Series
The following “N” series citations identified by accession numbers N...-70001 through N...-89999
for the years 1967 through the present year represent technical reports that were relativeiy oid at the
time of processing or those that contained preliminary or fragmentary information.
N75-70676* Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
Cambridge, Mass.
T H E MICROMETEOROID EXPERIMENTON THE O G O
4 SATELLITE Final Report
C. S. Nilsson Jul. 1969 38 p
(Contract NAS5-11007)
(NASA-CR- 141948)
N75-76086 California Univ., 1.0s Angeles. Inst. of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics.
PRODUCTION PROCESSING OF THE DATA
OBTAINED BY T H E UCLA OGO-5 FLUXGATE
MAGETOMETER
C. T. Russell Mar. 1971 24 p ref
(PUBL-905)
N76-71877 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
MAGNETIC FIELD VARIATIONS ABOVE 60 DEGREES
INVARIANT LATITUDE AT T H E POGO SATELLITES
R. A. Langel Sep. 1973 20 p I n Intern. Union of Geodesy
and Geophys. Symp. on Low Level Satellite Surv. p 21-40
N76-71880* National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
LOW LATITUDE VARIATIONS O F THE MAGNETIC
FIELD
J. C. Cain and W. M. Davis Sep. 1973 17 p Sponsored
in part by USGS In Intern. Union of Geodesy and Geophys.
Symp. o n Low Level Satellite Surv. p 67-83
N76-71883 Bundesanstalt fuer Bodenforschung, Hannover
(West Germany).
COMPARISON O F A MAGNETIC LOCAL ANOMALY
MEASURED BY OGO-6 AND A CRUSTALFEATURE
A. Hahn Sep. 1973 4 p In Intern. Union of Geodesy
a n d G e o p h y s . Symp. on Low Level Satellite Surv. p
123- 126
N77-84176 Leiden Univ. (Netherlands).
LONG-TERM SOLAR MODULATION OF COSMIC-RAY
ELECTRONS WITH ENERGIES ABOVE-0.5 GEV
J. J. Burger and B. N. Swanenburg 1971 6 p Presented
at the 12th Intern. Conf. on Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Australia,
16-25 Aug. 1971
N77-84177 Leiden Univ. (Netherlands). Cosmic-ray
Working Group.
S H O R T - T E R M VARIATIONS O F T H E COSMIC-RAY
PROTON AND ELECTRON INTENSITIES IN 1%8 AND
1%9
C. Baixeras-Aiguabella 1971 6 p Presented at the 12th
Intern. C o d . on Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,
16-25 Aug. 1971
N77-86006 Naval Research Lab., Washington, D. C.
TROPICAL UV ARCS: COMPARISON OF BRIGHTNESS
WITH f SUB 0 F SUB 2
R. R. Meier and C. B. Opal 1 Jun. 1973 5 p Repr. from
J. Geophys. Res., v. 78, no. 16, I Jun. 1973 p 3189-3193
N77-86268* New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Dept. of
Physics and Astronomy.
ULTRAVIOLET SOLAR ENERGY SURVEY O N OGO-6
Final Report
V. H. Regener 31 Mar. 1975 25 p ref
(Contract NAS5-9314)
(NASA-CR- 155088)
N78-70070 Academy of Sciences (USSR), Moscow.
AURORAL OVAL .AND MAGYETOSPHERIC CUSPS
Y. 1. Feldstein 1975 I n Aurora and Airglcw. NO. 22 p77-99
In RUSSIAN: ENGLISH summary
N78-70785 McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Co.,
Huntington Beach, Calif.
SOLAR COSMIC RAY OBSERVATIONS DURING 1969
A. J. Masley 1970 3 p Repr. from Antdrctic J. US, v. 5,
no. 6, Sep. - Oct. 1970 p 172 Sponsored by NSF
(MDAC- WD- 1448)
N78-71246 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Verries-le-Buisson (France).
INTERPRETATION OF HYDROGEN LYMAN-ALPHA
OBSERVATIONS O F COMETS BENNET AND ENCKE
J. L. Bertaux, J. E. Blamont and M. Festou 1973 16 p Repr.
from Astron. and Astrophys, v. 25, 1973 p 415-430
v-37
 VI. INDEXES TO ADDITIQNAL LITERATURE
CITATIONS AND ABSTRACTS
A. SUBJECT INDEX
Typical Subject Index Listing

rprotm,
OG@A nntilhtlon counler Io &M3 to 90 McV
i n sohr comic rays
Obvnations from the Orbiting Geophysical
Observatory 6 of mcsosphenc airglow and scattcnng
layers
$033 N75-19882
ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY
R e n t improvements In our knowlcdgc of ncutral
atmosphere
masuremcnts
struaurc from satcllitc drag

[NASACR-%278] pa029 N6&33Y)2 ALPHA PARTICLES IBMBW-WRK-2261 pooO5 A7423676

Solar cne~’@lc panlck event with He-3IHe-4 greatcr Obscrvcd variations of the cxosphcnc hydrog.cn
than I dcnslty with the cxosphcnc tcmpcraturc
Porn, A75-15342 pOOl2 A75-23721
Rclation of solar wind fluctuations to diffcrcntial flow
Global exosphenc tcmpcraturcs and dcnsitus undcr
bctwan protons and alphas
aclive Solar conditions
$013 A75-28U)4 ~OOB ~77-251n3
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION
Rtch an@ dislnbutions of encrgetlc ektrons in the ATMOSPHERIC ELEnRICITY
T h i s i n d e x is arranged a l p h a b e t i c a l l y b y s u b j e c t Empincal modcls of high-latitudc e M n c fulds
quatonal rcgions of thc outer magnctospherc - OGO-5
term A b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of the document e g poO29 A77-27317
obxrvations
t i t l e plus t i t l e e x t e n s i o n . or Notation of Content. $011 A75-22759 ATMOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET
Angular distnbutions of solar protons and Dynamiwl cffccts i n thc distnbution of hclium in
(NOC) is i n c l u d e d in each s u b j e c t entry to i n d i - the thcrmospherc
ckarons
c a t e t h e t y p e of document cited The page num- pOO24 A77-11489
pOO16 A7541805
b e r identifies the p a g e in the a b s t r a c t s e c t i o n ANNUAL VARIATIONS ATMOSPHERIC HEATING
(V) on which the citation appears Thermosphenc ‘tcmpcraturcs’ -- dirrepanncs in Magnetic storm dynamics of the thcrmospherc
infcrrcd and satcllitc m c a s v d values @OOB A75-12453
-7 A7436747 Structurc of ekctrodynamic and partick hcating in
A Dcpcndcna of ficld-ahgncd c k t r o n precipitation the undisturbed polar thcrmospherc
OcEurrcna on Ypson and altitudc pOOl8 A7614318
ABUNDANCE pooO7 A7443679 Bchavior of thc sodium and hydroxyl nighttime
The solar cyck vanation of thc solar wmd helium North-south asymmetncs in thc thcrmospherc dunng emissions dunng a stratosphenc warmmg
abundana the last maximum o f thc solar cyck poom ~ 7 6 2 2 4 ~
INSSDC-ID68414A- 17-0s) $010 A75-I663 I Porn, A75-16449 Structure of ektrodynamic and partlck heating In
Solar partick cvcnts with anomalously large relatwc The global charactcnstrs of atmosphcnc emissions thc disturbed polar thcrmosphcre
abundana of He-3 in thc lowcr thcrmospherc and their acronomlc pOO27 A77-23201
$013 A75-34018 impllcations
ATMOSPHERIC I O N I Z A l l O N
Ongin and composition of heavy nucki betwan IO $016 A7542726 High latitude minor ion cnhanamcnts - A clys for
and 60 MeV per nuckon dunng mtcrplanctary quut ARTIFICIAL CLOUDS rtudus of magnctosphere- atmosphcrc wupling
timcs in 1968-1972 Magnctosphcnc ckctnc fulds convcctivc motions pO008 A75-12439
$017 A75-46822 mcasumment by Ba ion cloud tracking and symmctnc
F region wind components i n thc magnetic mendian
AERIAL EXPIDSIONS doubk probe floating potcntial ccchniquc
from OGO 4 tropical airglow obxnations
A study of ckctron spectra In the Inner belt pooO3 A73-15333
pOOll A75-22671
$024 A7b4.4653 ASIXONOMICAL MODELS
AEROS SATELLITE A wmctary hydrogcn model - Comparison w i t h AlMOSPHERlC MODELS
OGO-5 mcasurcmcnts of Comet Bcnnett (1970 II) Magnetosphcncthermal plasma and hydrogen cation
AEROS A atomic oxygen profiks compared with
$013 A75-32382 density profik charactenstlcs i n different local tlmc
thc OGO 6 modcl
ASCROPHYSICS regions cxplaincd by tam-varying wnvection modcl
$028 A77-23987
AIRGIDW Rcccnt advanas in cometary physics and chemistry pooO3 A73-13879
Atomic oxygen 1304-A day airglow o b x n c d from Porn, A75-13176 Thcory of thc p h a x anomaly i n the thcrmosphcre
OGO-D spaacraft. attnbuting subsolar emission rates ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
-- radar tempcrature-satellitc drag density phasc
to photockctron Impact cxntation OGO-6 obxnations of 5577 A --- airglow diffcrcncc
pooO2 A71-33964 mcasurcments pOm5 A7412645
A n uppcr limit to thc product of N O and 0 dcnsitus $019 A7618436 Dcnsity and tcmpcraturc distnbutions in
from 105 to Im km ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION non-uniform rotating planetary cxosphercs with
[NSSDC I D 6 9 4 5 1 A - 2 6 P M l @OOB A75-11227 Tropical F region winds from 0 1 1356A and applications to earth
F region wind components in the magnetic mendian forbiddcn 0 1 6MOA emissions I I Analysis of OGO pooO5 A7414224
from OGO 4 troplcal airglow obssrvations 4 data Exosphcric models of the topsidc ionosphere ---
$ 0 1 1 A75-22671 $023 A7642683 emphasmng crapc of light gaxs
Remote sensing of thc ionosphenc F layer by use Dynamics1 effccts in the distribution of helium in pomd A7428723
of 0 I 6 M O A and 0 I 1356-A obxrvations
the thcrmospherc Vanations in thermosphcnc composltion - A model
$014 A75-35040 $024 A77-I 1489 b a x d on mass spcctromter and satcllitc drag data
%O-6 obxrvations of 5577 A --- aIrgIow pomd A7432667
measurements ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
Vanations In thcrmosphenc composition - A model The solar m n d and magnctosphenc dynamics
$019 A7618436 based on mass spcctrometcr and satcllitc drag data pOOl0 A75-19127
Global atomic hydrogen dcnsity dcnvcd from 0130.6 ldcntificatlons of thc polar cap boundary and the
pomd A7430667
Lyman-alpha mcasurcmcnts auroral belt in thc high-altitude magnetosphere - A
Comparison of the San M a r c o 3 Nacc neutral
e 2 1 A7628988 modcl for fuld aligned currcnts
Global atomic oxygcn density dsnvcd from OGO-6 wmposition data with the cxtrapolatcd Ogo 6 c m p i n a l
pool4 A75-35007
1304 A airglow measurements modcl -- Ncutral Atmosphcnc Composition
Comparison of thc San M a r c o 3 Nacc neutral
Expnment
$021 A7628989 mmposition data with thc cxtrapolatcd Ogo 6empincal
pOO2l A7626524
%tChte obxrvation of the meoosphcnc JEnttcnng model --- Ncutral Atmosphcnc Composition
layer and i m p l d climatic m n x q u c n a s O b v ~ a t i o n sof hydrogen in the uppcr atmolphcre Expcnment
$022 A7639128 pOO24 A77-I1488 W 2 l A7626524
Altltude profiks of thc photockctmn induced 0 ID A global thcrmosphenc modcl based on mass Model of equatorial scintillations from in-situ
(6300 A ) predawn cnhanamcnt by obxrvation and spcctromctcr and incoherent r a t t e r data MSlS I I - mcasurcmcnts - b a d on OGO-6 o b x n c d F region
theory Composition irrcgulanty
$026 A77-20886 poO29 A77-37140 pOO25 A77-12057
Magnctic storm effccts on thc tropical ultravlolct Satellite obxrvations of the global distnbution of AEROS A atomic oxygcn profiks comparcd wulth
airglow stratosphenc ozone the OGO 6 modcl
$029 A77-27318 $036 N78-12583 Po028 A77-23987

VI-1
ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION SUBJECT I N D E X
Expcnmcntal global model of the cxosphcnc AURORAL ZONES C
tempcraturc based on mcasurcmcnts from thc lonaphcnc and magnctosphcnc ckctnc fxld
Fabry-Rrot intcrfcromctcr o n board thc OGO-6 strength musurcmcnls in auroral and polar cap rcgions CHEMICAL COMPOSITW\
satellitc - Dncussnon ofthe data and propcrtus of thc by Lh ion cloud and doubk floating prok techniques Reant a d v s n a r in cometar) phyrxs and chcmmr)
modcl pmO3 A72-39543 pOOO9 A75-13176
$029 A77-34901 Is the d arc a good indicator of Thcrmosphcnc tempcrslurc. &nut). and
A global thermosphcnc model b a d on mass ionoaphcrc-magneiaphcre conditions compostion Ncn models
spctromcter and inwhcrent r a t t c r data MSlS I - N2 [NSSDC-ID-69-05IA-O2-PMI pmoS A75-11226 INASA-CR-IJ3H91 $035 N77-2364U
density and tempcraturc CHROMOSPHERE
Electric fwld mcasurcmcnts across thc Harang Slow X-ray bunts and chromosphenc flares with
$029 A77-37153 discontinuity --- in auroral w n e
A global thcrmosphcnc model b a d on m a s filament diuuDtlon
$010 A75-16634
s~s~1romcter and incoherent r a t k r data MSlS II - [NASA-CR- 14215I] pal32 N75-17281
Identifications of thc polar cap boundary and the CHRONOUXY
Composition
$029 A77-37154 auroral k l t in thc high-allitudc magnctosphcrc - A Measurements of the cosmic-ray &/B ratio and thc
ATMOSPHERIC RADIATH)N model for fxld-aligned c u m n t s aac of wsmK rays
VLF and ELF cmiwons --in magnetosphcrc $014 A75-35007 pooo6 A7430187
$015 A75-36988 Ncw results on the comlation between lowsncrgy CISLUNAR SPACE
The global charactenstics of a t m a p h c n c emissions ekctrons and auroral hiss Explorer 35 and OGO 3 data on plcogram sue dust
in the lower thermosphere and their aeronomic $020 ~ 7 6 2 p a r~t x k distribution
~ in nslunar and s e k n o a n t n c space.
implications Field-aligned prcnpitation of grcatcr than W t c V showing fluctuations during mctcor showcr pcriods
$016 A7542726 ekclrons pooO2 A72-31937
Magnetospheric chorus - Amplitude and growth $022 A7636276 CLIMA’IDLOCY
rate High-latitudc nitnc oxidc in thc lower Sstellite observation of thc mcsosphcnc r a t t e n n g
$016 A7542748 thermosphere layer and implud climatic wnsequences
Thc local time vanation of ELF emissions dunng $018 A77-23222 $022 A7639128
pcnodr of substorm activity AURORAS COLD PLASMAS
$029 A77-31391 E M r o n precipitation patterns and substorm Detached plasma regions in the magnctosphcrc
Tropical UV arcs Companson of bnghtncss with f morphology pOmS A 7 4 - m
sub 0 F sub 2 [NSSDC-ID-67473A-ll-PMl pooo4 A7S33434 The nuasurcmcnt of cold ion densltKs in the plasma
$037 N77-8- Slmultaneous particlc and field observations of trough --in magnetosphere
ATMOSPHERIC SCAII’ERINC fuld-aligncd c u m n t s --- in magnctosphcrc [NSSDC-ID-sgol4A-l&PM] $010 A75-16637
Instability . .Dhcnomcna in dctachcd plasma rcgions
Noctiluant clouds m daytimc - Circumpolar pOOll A75-19330
particulate laycn near thc summcr mcsopause Auroral oval and magnctosphcnc cusps -- in magnetosphcrc
$037 N78-7m70 $027 A77-21512
pooO3 A7242515 COLLISIONLESS PLASMAS
Satellite observation of the mcsosphenc r a t t c n n g Earth wllislonkss plasma bow shock oblique
layer and implied climatic consequences
$022 A7639128 B strycture asxsuncnt by pulsation index Ip devised from
cmpincal results
ATMOSPHERIC STRATIFICATION pooO3 A7244511
Noctilucent clouds in daytime - Circumpolar BARIUM On the local time dcpcndcna of the bow shock wave
particulate laycn near thc summcr mcsopause M agnctosphcnc ckctnc fxlds convective motions StlllctUlF
pooO3 A7242515 mcasurcmenl by Ba ion cloud tracking and symmctnc pooO5 A7424759
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE double p r o k floating potential technique Exospheric modcls of the topside ionosphere --
Neutral wind VC~OCI~KScalculalcd from tcmpcraturc pooO3 A73-I5333 cmphasuing c r a p s of light gases
measurcmcnts dunng a magnctic storm and the BERY LLlUM pOmS A7428723
observed ionosphcnc cffccts Measuremcnts of the cosmic-ray %/B ratio and the Collisionkss shock wavcs in space - A vcry high k t a
pooW A73-36150 agc of cosmic rays structurc --- solar wind measurcments
Diurnal variation of the ncutral thcrmosphcnc winds pooo6 A7430187 $014 A75-35003
determined from incohcrent r a t t c r radar data BORON Charactcnstrs of instabilitus In the magnctosphcrc
pooo6 A7436735 Measurcmcnts of the cosmic-ray Be/B ratio and the d e d u a d from wave observations
Thermorphcnc ‘temperatures -- discrepancus In agc of cosmic rays $023 A7641914
mfcrred and satellitc m c a s u d valucs poOm A7430187 Structure of a quasi-paralkl, quasi-laminar bow
pooO7 A7C36747 BOUNDARY LAYERS shock
Obscrvcd vanations of the exospheric hydrogen FKld-aligncd currents observed by the OGO 5 and $028 A77-23220
density with thc cxosphcnc tcmpcraturc Tnad satellites COMET HEADS
$012 A75-23721 $026 A77-17124 A cometary hydrogen modcl - Companson with
Exosphcnc tempcraturc m f c d from the AcrocA BOW WAVES OGS5 measurements of Comet Bennett (1970 11)
neutral composition measurement Earth collisionkss plasma bow shock obliquc $013 A75-32382
$017 A7546269 structure asxssment by pulsation index Ip devised from COMET NUCLEI
Expcnmcntal modcl of the cxosphcnc tcmpcrature cmpincal results The interpretations of ultraviolet obscrvations of
bascd on optical measurements on board the OGO 6 pooO3 A7244511 comets
salCllltC On thc local time dcpcndcna of thc bow shock wave $022 A7631317
$023 A7642390 StrYctYrc COMETS
Global cxosphcnc tempcraturcs and dcnsitm under pooO5 A7424759 R e n t advances in cometary p h y u n and chemistry
active solar conditions The earth’s bow shock finc structurc pOOO9 A75-13176
$028 A77 25183 $011 A75-19138 T h c intcrprctations of ultraviokt observations of
Expcnmcntal global model of thc cxosphcnc Plasma instability modcs rclatcd to the c a n h s bow comcts
tcmpcraturc b a d on measurements from the shock $022 A7631317
Fabry-Pcrot intcrfcromctcr on board the OGO-6 $ 0 1 I A75-22774 On the cometary hydrogen coma and far UV
satellite - Discussion of the data and propcrtxs of thc Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow cmissslon
model shock -- earth-solar wind interaction $034 N7621066
$029 A77-34901 $012 A75-23707 CONVECnVE FU)W
ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE Collisionkss shock wavcs m s p a a - A vcry high beta High latitudc ckctnc flslds and thc modulations
Steady ELF plasmasphcnc hiss. studying whistler structurc -- solar wind mcasuremcnts rclatcd to intcrplanctary magnetic fxld parameters
modc t u r b u k n a . band Imitation. power spectra and $014 A75-35003 poa)5 A7414212
pcak intensities Structure of a quasi-parallel. quasAammar bow CORRELATION
pooo4 A73-26984 shock The outer magnetosphere Part 3 Smultancous
ATMOSPHERICS $028 A77-23220 multisatellite observations of thc magnetopause
Dclaikd analysis of magnetospheric ELF chorus - The magnctopause Part I Multisatcllilc [LPs76-4-PT-21 $035 N7633795
preliminary results simultaneous observations of bow shock and CORRELA’IION COEFFICIENTS
$027 A77-21523 magnctopausc positions Relation of vanations in total magnetic fxld at high
ATOMIC SPECTRA [LPS75-23-FT I] $034 N7633787 latitude with lhc paramctcrs of thc interplanetary
O G O - 4 obscrvattonr of the ultraviolet auroral A study of thc heat flux rcvcrsal region upstream magnetic fxld and with D P 2 fluctuations
spcctrum from thc earth’s bow shock. using data from thc OGO $ 0 1 3 A75-28743
$025 A77-16243 5 ckctron spcctromctcr COSMIC DUST
AURORAL IRRADIATION $035 N78-11543 Rcduction and analysis of data from cosmic dust
‘Hisslcrs’ Quasi-pcnodic (T apprormately equal io BREMSSTRAHLUNG cxpcnmcnts on Manner 4. OGO 3. and Lunar Explorer
2 sec) VLF noise forms at auroral latitudes Magnetic fulds. bremsstrahlung and synchrotron 35
Porn, A75-16440 cmission in impulsive narc of 24 O c t o k r 19b9 [NASA-CR- 1388661 $032 N7429255
AURORAL SPECTROSCOPY pooO2 A7143849 COSMIC RAYS
OGO-4 observations of thc ultraviolet auroral BURSTS Mcasuremcnts of thc cosmic-ray Be/B ratio and the
spectrum Hard X-ray spcctra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts age of cosmic rays
$025 A77-16243 $030 A78-IO580 pWU6 A74W187

VI-2
SUBJECT I N D E X ELECTRON ENERGY
Impulsive solar flare X-rays greater than IO keV and DENSITY DlSlRlBUTlON ELECTRIC FIELDS
some characteristics of cosmic gamma-ray bursts Interpretation of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha measurements Magnetospheric ekctric fields convective motions
$014 A75-35531 In ?.k n p p c geocoiofir. measurement by Bo ion cioua tracking and symmetm
On the quiet-time increases of low energy cosmic ray [NSSDC-ID-684l4A-22-PM] pooo4 A73-19233 doubk probe floating potential technique
ekctrons Density and tempsrature distributions in pooO3 A73-I5333
$021 A7626686 non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres with High latitude ekclnc Iields and the modulations
Modulation of low energy ekctrons and protons near a p p h t i o n r to earth relalcd to interplanetary magnetic ficld parameters
solar maximum pooO5 A7414224 pooO5 A7414272
90021 A7626901 The temperature gradient betwcsn 100 and I 2 0 km Electric field measurements across UIC Harang
Long-term cosmic ray modulation in the period 90018 A7616501 dixontinuity - in auroral zone
19661972 and interplanetary magnetic I i l d s Thermospheric temperature. density, and pOOl0 A75-16634
90023 A7639130 composition: New models Empirical models of high-latitude e k a r i c fields
OGO-5 experiment E 0 9 cosmic ray e k a r o n s [NASA-CR-l53W9[ 90035 N77-23648 pOO29 A77-27317
[NASA-CR-1446681 90034 N75-32995 DENSITY MEASUREMENT Varie!icna! ekc?ric fields at low latitudes aad their
Long-term solar modulation of cosmic-ray e k a r o n s StNcture of electrodynamic and partick heating in relation l o spread-F and plasma irregularities
with energies above 0.5 GeV the disturbed polar thermosphere pOO29 A77-34326
90037 N77-84176 90027 A77-23201 ELECTRIC POTiCNTIAL
Short-term variations of the cosmic-ray proton and DIFFUSION OEFFICIENT Magnetospheric e k a r i c fields convective motions
c k n r o n intensities in 1968 and 1969 Long-term cosmic ray modulation in the period measurement by 8. ion cloud tracking and symmetric
@037 N77-84177 19664912 and interplanetary magnetic fields doubk probe floating potential technique
COSMIC X RAYS 90023 A7639130 pm03 A73-15333
Characteristics of cosmic X-ray bursts observed with DIURNAL VARIATIONS ELECTRODYNAMICS
the OGO5 satellite Rentssrcllitemcarurcmenls of the morphology and Structure of eknrodynamic and partick heating in
90026 A77-16850 dynamics of thc plasmasphere. the undisturbed polar thermosphere
Hard X-ray spectra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts pooO3 A73-13709 poOl8 A7614318
90030 A7LLIO580 Magnetospheric thermal plasma and hydrogen cation ELECTROJETS
COULOMB COLLISIONS density prolik characteristics in different local time Magnetic field variations above 60 d c g r a s invariant
The r o k of Coulomb wllisions in limiting differential =ions explained by tim-varying convection model latitude at the POGO satellites
flow and temperature differences in the solar wind pooO3 A73-13879 90037 N7671877
poO19 A7619838 Magnetospheric field morphology at magnetically ELECIXOMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
CROSS CORRELATION quiet times Waves and wave-partick interactions in the
On the causes of spectral enhancemsnts in solar wind pooO5 A74-14270 magnetosphere - A review
power spectra Diurnal variation of the neutral thermospheric winds 90018 A7612272
90020 A7622081 determined from incoherent s a l t e r radar data E L E W O M A G N E T I C NOISE
CURRENT SHEETS pooo6 A7436735 Noise signals in earth magnetosheath interpreted as
Simultaneous particle and field observations ot Thermospheric .temperatures' - dixrepancies in ekctromagnelic waves propagating in whistkr mode
field-aligned currents - in magnetosphere infemd and satellite measured values pooOl A69-31985
90011 A75-19330 pooO7 A7436747 Properties of E L F eknromagnetic waves in and
CUSPS (MATHEMATICS) Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphere above theearth's ionospherededuced from plasma wave
Auroral oval and magnetospheric cusps pooo% A75-12453 experiments o n the OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satellites
90037 N78-70070 Diurnal variation of thermal plasma in the 90018 A7616507
CYCLOTRON RESONANCE plasmasphere ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TRANSMISXON
Critical ckctron pitch angk anisotropy necessary for 90023 A7M1210 Noise signals in earth magnetosheath interpreted as
chorus generation - Doppkr-shifted cyclotron Field-aligned currents observed by the OGO 5 and ekctromagnetic waves propagating in whistkr mode
resonana Triad satellites pooOl A69-31985
poO24 A7644665 90026 A77-17124 ELECTRON ACCELERATORS
AEROS A atomic oxygen profiks compared with Acakration of ekctrons in a b s e n a of detfftable
the OGO 6 m a k l optical flares d c d u a d from type 111 radio bursts, H
D 90028 A77-23987 alpha activity and soft X-ray emission
DOPPLER EFFECT INSSDC-ID-ssol4A-04-PSl Porn, A75-16217
DATA BASES The theory 01 VLF Doppkr signatures and their ELECTRON DECAY RATE
Production proassing of the data obtained by the relation to magnetospheric density S ~ N ~ U I X Eknromagnetic hiss and relativistic e k n r o n losses
UCLA OGO-5 fluxgate magetometer pOO23 A7639145 in lbe inner w n e -- of magnetosphere
IPUBL-9051 $037 N75-76086 Critical elcctron pitch angk anisotropy neassary for pOOl2 A75-23716
DATA CORRELATION chorus generation --- Doppkr-shifted cyclotron Energetic electrons in the inner belt in 1968
Correlation of 'satellite estimates' of the equatorial resonance 90022 A7635289
eknropt intensity with ground observations at Addis poO24 A76-44665 ELECTRON DENSITY (CONCENTRATION)
Ababa. DRAG MEASUREMENT T h e theory of VLF Doppkr signatures and their
pooW A73-31771 R e n t improvements in our knowkdge of neutral relation lo magnetospheric density structure
Relation of variations in total magnetic f d d at high atmosphere structure from satellite drag poO23 A7639145
latitude with the parameters of the interplanetary measurements ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES
magnetic field and with D P 2 fluctuations [BMBW-WRK-2261 pooO5 A7623676 AE-LEE measurements at low and mid latitude
90013 A75-28743 90031 N74-28251
DATA PROCESSING ELECTRON DISI'RIBUTION
Production proassing of the data obtained by the
UCLA OGO-5 fluxgate magetometer
E AE-LEE measurements at low and mid latitude
90031 N74-28251
IPUBL-905) 90037 N75-76086 ELECTRON EMISSION
DAWN CHORUS E REGION Ion density and ekctron acakration region location
Intensity variation of ELF hiss and chorus dunng Ionospheric E-layer formation. investigating r o k of from satellite-borne solar flare X-ray measurements
isolated substorms solar X-ray control by ekctron production rate and pooO3 A72-32790
[NSSDC-lD-69-05lA-22-PM] pooO7 A74-44202 density calculations
pooOl A7&34943
Quiet-time increases of lowcnergy electrons The.
Critical ekctron pitch angk anisotropy neasvlry for Jovian origin
chorus generation --- Doppkr-shifted cyclotron EARTH ATMOSPHERE pOO25 A77-11692
resonana Density and temperature distributions in ELECTRON ENERGY
90024 A7644665 non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres with E k n r o n temperature and emission measures during
Magnetospheric chorus - O c c u m n a patterns and applications to earth solar X-ray flares, studying effects of gradual and rapid
normalized freouencv pooO5 A7614224 radiation flux increases
The effect of extraterrestrial dust. stratospheric pooO2 A72-29722
warmings. and lower thermospheric pressure systems New results on the correlation between lowcnergy
on OGW measured nightglows in the earth's electrons and auroral hiss
atmosphere (80 lo 100 km) poom ~ 7 6 2 m 6
Atomic oxygen 1301-A day airglow observed from 90031 N7626848 Modulation of low energy ekctrons and protons near
O G O D spacecraft. attributing subsolar emission rates solar maximum
to photockctron impact erntation EARTH SURFACE
Ogo 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - 90021 A7626907
A71-33964 A study of ekctron spectra in the inner belt
DAYTIME Ground-magnctospherc correlations pOO24. A7644653
Noctiluant clouds in daytime - Circumpolar 90024 A77-11219 Non-thermal proasscs during Ihc 'build-up' phase
paniculate layers near the summer mesopause. ELECTRIC FIELD SI'RENGTH of solar flares and in absence of nares
pooO3 A7242515 Ionospheric and magnetospheric electric field pOO26 A77-18572
DENSE PLASMAS strength measurements in auroral and polar cap regions Relativistic ekctron and positron intensity
Dctachcc-plasma regions in the magnetosphere by &ion cloud and double floating probe techniques distributions in interplanetary regions
pmoS A7430660 pooO3 A72-39543 pOO31 N71-25288

VI-3
ELECTRON FLUX DENSITY SUBJECT I N D E X
Long-tcrm solar modulation of cosmic-ray electrons EQUAToRlAL ELECTRQJET F
with energies above 0.5 GeV Correlation of 'satellite estimates' of the equatonal
pOO37 N77-84176 electrojet intensity with ground observations at Addis F REGION
Short-term vanations of the cosmic-ray proton and Ababa F region wind components In the magnetic mendian
ekctron intcnsities in 1968 and 1969 pOOOO A73-31771 from OGO 4 tropical airglow observations
pOO37 N77-04177 EXOSPHERE pOOll A75-22671
ELECTRON FLUX DENSITY Density and tcmperatum distnbutions In Remote sensing of the ionosphenc F laycr by use
Access of solar ekctrons to the polar regions non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres wlth of 0 I 63OCLA and 0 I 1 3 5 A observations
pOOl5 A75-37031 applications to earth pOO14 A75-35040
On the quiet-time increases of low energy cosmic ray -5 A7414224 Tropical F region winds f r o m 0 I 1356-A and
ekctrons R a r n t Improvemeids in our knowkdge of neutral forbidden 0 I 6MOA emissions I 1 - Analysis of OGO
pOO2l A7626886 atmosphere structure from satellite drag 4 data
Quiet-time increases of low-cnergy ekctrons - The measurements pOO23 A7642683
Jovian origin [SMBW-W RK-2261 pooO5 A7423676 Model of equatorial scintillations from in-situ
pa025 A77-11692 Exosphcnc models of the topside ionosphere --- measurements -- based on O G O 6 Observed F region
OGO 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - Partick flux cmphawung escape of light gases insgulanty
modulations pooo6 A74-28723 00025 A77-12057
pOOM A7742295 Diurnal vanation of the neutral thcrmosphenc winds Correlated measurements of scintillations and in-situ
ELECTRON IMPACT detcrmined from incoherent scatter radar data F-region irregulantrs from OGO-6
Atomic o x y g n 1304-A day airglow observed from pooo6 A7436735 pOO25 A77-15706
O G O D spaacraft. attributing subsolar emission rates Observed variations o f the cxosphenc hydrogen Compansons of ionogram and O G O 6 satellite
to photockctron impact excitation density with the exosphcnc temperature observations of small-scak F region inhomogeneities
pooO2 A71-33964 pa012 A75-23721 pOO28 A77-23211
ELECTRON PRECIPITATION Exosphenc temperature inferred from the Aeros-A Determination of tropical F-region winds from
Ekctron precipitation patterns and substorm neutral composition measurement atomic oxygen airglow emissions
morphology. pWl7 A 7 5 4 2 6 9 pOO34 N7610603
[NSSDC-ID-67473A-ll-PM] pm04 A73-33434 Expenmental model of the cxosphenc temperature F 2 REGION
Dependence of field-aligncd ekctron precipitation hsed on o p t ~ l a lmeasurements on board the OGO 6 Neutral wind velocit~escalculated from tcmpcrature
OuIunena on season and altitude satellite measurements dunng a magnetic storm and the
pmO7 A7443679 pOO23 A7642390 obscrved ionosphenc cffccts
Simultaneous particle a n d field observations of Obxrvations of hydrogen in the upper atmosphere pooo4 A73-36150
field-aligned currents -- in magnetosphere pOO24 A77-11488 FAIRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETERS
pOOll A75-19330 Global cxosphenc temperatures and densitrs under Expenmental model of the cxosphcnc tcmperature
New results on the correlation between lowenergy active solar conditions based on optical mcasurements on board the OGO 6
electrons and auroral hiss pOO28 A77-25183 satclllte
pOOm ~ 7 t - 2 ~ Expenmental global model of the cxosphenc pOO23 A7M2390
Fuld-aligned prenpitation of greater than 3CbkcV tcmperature based on measurements from the Expenmental global model of the exospheric
ekctrons Fabry-Pcrot interferometer on board the OGO-6 temperature based on measurements from the
pOO22 A7636276 satellite - Discussion of the data and properties of the Fabry-Rrot intcrfcrometer o n board the OGO-6
Features of polar cusp ekctron prenpitation model satellite - Discussion of the data and properties of the
associated with a largc magnctic storm pOO29 A71-34901 model
[NASA-TM-X-70792] PO032 N75-12873 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN pOO29 A77-34901
ELECTION RADIATION OGO5 expenmcnt E 4 9 cosmic ray ekctrons FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Critical ekctron pitch angk anisotropy neassary for [NASA-CR-144664) e 34 N75-32995 Thermal plasma ongin of solar X-ray emission and
chorus generation -- Doppkr-shifted cyclotron EXPIQRER 3 SATELLITE far UV flash observation dunng 28 August 1966 proton
resonana AE-LEE measurements at low and mid latitude flare
pOO24 A76-44665 poO31 N74-28251 e 2 A72-20013
ELECTROSTATIC WAVES EXTRATERRESTRIAL MAITER Impulsive /flash/ phase of solar flares - Hard X-ray,
Plasma flow hypothesis in the magnetosphere relating T h e effect of cxlratcrrestrial dust, stratosphenc microwave, EUV and optical observations
to frequency shift of ekctrostatic plasma waves warmings. and lower thcrmosphenc pressure systems pOOl5 A75-37352
pOOl5 A75-38275 on OGo4 measured nighlglows In thc earth's On the wmetary hydrogen coma and far UV
Waves and wave-particle intcractions in the atmosphere (80 to I00 km) emission
magnetosphere - A r e v ~ w pOO31 N74-26848 pOO34 N76-21066
pa018 A7612272 Reduction and analysis of data from cosmic dust FILAMENTS
Characteristics of instabilities in the magnetosphere expenmcnts on Manner 4, OGO 3, and Lunar Explorer Slow X-rav bursts and chromosuhenc flares with
d e d u a d from wave observations 35 filament disruption
pOO23 A7641914 [NASA-CR-I368661 pOO32 N74-29255 [NASA-CR-142151] pOO32 N75-17281
EMISSION SPECTRA EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIAWN
FINE S T R U m R E
Solar low energy X-ray spectra observation dunng AE-LEE measurements at low and mid latitude The earth's bow shock fine structure
impulsive bursts, discussing thermal and nonlhcrmal pal31 N74-28251 pOOll A75-19138
EXTREMELY IQW FREOUENCIES
emission propertus An explanation of the longitudinal vanation of the
Steady ELF plasmup'henc hiss. studying whistkr
pooO2 A7140425 modc t u r b u k n a . band Imitation, power spectra and
O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity
Ekctron temperature and emission mcasurcs dunng peat inten~ties pOO19 A7621456
solar X-ray flares, studying effects of gradual and rapid pooo4 A73-26904 FLUID DYNAMICS
radiation flux increases Intensity vanation of ELF hiss and chorus dunng The outer magnetosphere Part 1 A multisatcllite
pmO2 A72-29722 isolatcd substorms study of thc magnetopause position in relation with
Altitudc profikr of the photockctmn induad 0 I D [NSSDC-lD-6945IA-22-PMl pooO7 A7444202 some important fluid dynamic parameters
(6300 A) predawn cnhancemcnt by observation and ELF hiss assmated with plasma density [LPS762-€7-11 poO35 N7633793
tk0W enhanaments in the outer magnetorphere FORBUSH DECREASES
pOO26 A77-20886 pOO22 A7633058 Hysteresm of pnmary cosmic rays assoclatcd with
On Detaikd analysis of magnetosphenc ELF chorus - Forbush dccreaxs
. . the cometary hydrogen coma and far UV
_-.I"._"
preliminary results pOO22 A7635348
pOO34 N7621066 PO027 A77-21523 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Extremely low frequency hlrs emissions In the Magnctosphenc chorus - Occurrence patterns and
ENERGY DISSIPATION magnetosphere -- using OGO 5 and 6 observations
Long-term solar modulation of cosmic-ray ekctrons normallzcd frequency
PO032 N74-30528 pOO25 A77-16238
with energies above 0 5 GcV EXTREMELY IQW RADIO FREQUENCIES
pOO37 N77-84176 FREQUENCY RANGES
A relatlon between ELF hiss amplitude and plasma The upper- and lower-frcqucncy cutoffs of
ENERGY SPECTRA . .
densitv in the outer olasmasohere magnctosphemally relkacd whistkrs
Omgin and wmpoution of heavy nucki between IO pomS A74-30677 @I19 A7619854
and 60 MeV per nuckon dunng interplanetary quut Ekctromagnetic hiss and relativistic ekctron I-s
in the inner w n c - of magnetosphere FREQUENCY SHIFT
times in 1968-1972 . . Plasma flow hypothesis in the magnetosphere relating
W 1 7 A75-46822 Pool2 A75-23716 to frequency shdt of ekctrostatv plasma waves
A study of ekctron spectra in thc inner belt VLF and ELF emissions - in magnetosphere
pOOl5 A75-38275
pOO24 A7644653 PO015 A75-)6988
Properties of E L F ckctromagnetr waves in and
Quiet-time increaxs of lowsnergy ekctrons . The above the earth's ionomhere M u a d from alasma r
r------..wave
Jovian ongin experiments on the O i l - I 7 and Ogo 6 satsllitcs u
pOOz5 A77-11692 pool8 .A7616507
ENERGY TRANSFER The local timc vanation Of E L F emissions dunng GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY
w.04 g2"'"""E Kergy ?r2"r!er ex;mme..t a.;& o! $!;%te- rc?:ri!y ""-2
..*BY
Y
--,a,
"-A_"
'P..." COPE!E &'rmml.r2y harItl
[NASA-CR- 1390091 pOO31 N74-25869 Po029 A77-31391 pOO30 A78-IO580

VI-4
 SUBJECT I N G E X HYSTERESIS
G A M M A RAYS GEOMAGNETISM H I G H ENERGY ELECTRONS
Impulsive solar flare X-rays greater than 10 t c V and Proton measurements in ring c u m n t by OGO-3 Relativistic ekctron events i n interplanetary spaa
mme characteristics of cosmic gamma-ray hunts satellite compared wi:h geomagnetic k l d dala at low pmO7 A7437632
90014 A75-35537 and high latitudes Pitch angk distributions of energetic electrons i n the
Characteristics of cosmic X-ray bursts observed with pmO2 All-33663 cqualonal regions of the outer magnetosphere- 0 1 3 0 5
the OGO-5 satellite Recent satellite measurements of the morphology and obxrvations
90026 A77-16850 dynamics of the plasmasphere. poOl1 A75-22759
GAS DENSITY pmO3 A73-13709 Electromagnetic hiss and relativistic electron loses
Magnetospheric field morphology at magnetically i n the inner zone -- of magnclosphere
An upper limit to the product of N O and 0 densities quiet times
from I05 to im km 90012 A75-23716
pmOS A7414210 On the quiet-time increaxs of low energy cosmic ray
[NSSDC-lD49451A-26PM) pmoS A75-11227 Substorms i n space - The comlation b e t w n ground
Satellite measurements of nitric oxide i n the polar electrons
and satellite obxrvations of the magnet% field
region 90021 A7626886
pmO5 A7414285
$017 A7546289 Dependence of f i e l d - d i g d electron prsnpitation Energetic ckc.mns i n the inner belt m 1968
o c c u m n a on season and altitude poO22 A7635289
Global atomic hydrogen density derived from OGo6
Field-aligned precipilation of greater than 30keV
Lyman-alpha measurements pmO7 A7443679
Magnetopause rolationnl forms electrons
90021 A7628988
INSSDC-ID68-OI4A-IS-PMI pmoS A75-11221 poO22 A7636276
Global atomic oxygen density derived from OGo6
Variation with interplanetary sector of the total H I G H TEMPERATURE PLASMAS
1304 A airglow measurements Diurnal variation of thermal plasma i n the
magnetic field measured at the O G O 2, 4 and 6
90021 A7628989 plasmasphere
satellites
Observations of hydrogen i n the upper atmosphere pO038 A75-12368 90023 A7641210
90024 A77-I1488 Differential rotation of thc magnetosphenc plasma HISS
Geomagnetic storm e f f m s on the thermosphere and as cause of the Svalgaard-Mansurov c f f m -- Steady E L F plasmssphenc hiss, studying whistkr
thc ionosphere revealed by in situ measurements from relationship between gemmagnetic vanabks and I M F mode t u r b u k m , band limilation. power spatra and
OGO 6 polarity peak intensities
t’ 90025 A77-16240 9 1 4 A75-35036 pCCO4 A73-26404
A global thermospheric model based on mass AUXSF of solar ckctrons to the polar regions A relation between E L F hiss amplitude and plasma
spectrometer and incoherent ratter data MSIS. I - N l poOl5 A75-37031 density in the outer plasmasphere
density and temperature A comparison o f e h n c and magnetlc fielddata from pooo6 A7430677
thc OGO 6 spacecraft
90029 A77-37153 Intensity variation of ELF hiss and chorus during
90018 A7616514 Isolatsd substorms
A global thermospheric model b a d on mass Magnetic storm effects on the iropical ultraviolet
spectrometer and incoherent r a t t e r data MSIS. I1 . airglow
[NSSDC-ID-69-oslA-22-PM] pooO7 A74-44202
Composition ‘Hisskrs’ - Quasi-periodic (T approximately equal to
p OoS .A77-27318 2 rc) V L F no& forms at auroral Iatiludes
@X9! A77-37154 Low latitude variations of the magnetic f x M
GAS TEMPERATURE 90037 N7671880 paBJ9 A75-164U)
A global thermospheric model based on mass GEOPHYSICS E l e c t r o q n e t i c hiss and relativistic electron losses
sparometer and inmherent scatter dala MSIS. I - Nl Auroral oval and mqnetospheric cusps i n the inner zone - of magnetosphere
density and temperature 90037 N78-70070 M I 2 A75-23716
90029 A77-37153 GROUND STATIONS New results on the comlation between low-cncrgy
GEOCORONAL EMlSSlONS Gnrehtion of ‘satellite estimates’ of the equatorial e k t r o n s and auroral hiss
Interpretation of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha measurements ekccrojct intenrity with ground obxrvations at Addis poom ~ 7 6 ~ 0 8 6
i n the upper geowrona. Abab. ELF hiss associated with plasma dsnsty
[NSSDC-ID680l4A-Z?-PM] pOW4 A73-19233 @IO04 A73-31771 cnhanaments i n the outer magnetosphere
GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS 90022 A7633058
A global magnetic anomaly map HYDROGEN
90012 A75-240(3 H obvrved variations of the exospheric hydrogen
density with the exospheric temperature
GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE
Thc equatorial helium ion trough and the H ALPHA L I N E 90012 A75-23721
geomagnetic anomaly A c a k r a l w n ol ekccrons in a b x n a of detcctabk Observations of hydrogen in the upper 8tmoaphcre
prmii ~75-20360 optvcrl narcs dduad from t y p 111 radw bursts. H 90024 A77-11488
GEOMAGNETIC MICROPULSATIONS alpha activity and soft X-ray emission On the cometary hydrcgen coma and far U V
Micropulsations and the plasmapaux [NSSDC-ID68-Ol4A4M-psI] pOOO9 A75-16217 emission
90027 A77-21513 O G O V radw bunt analyns - h alpha line 90034 N7621066
GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS [NASA-CR-l4Z?32] 90033 N75-19114 HYDROGEN ATOMS
Earth collisionkss plasma bow shock oblique HARMONIC ANALYSIS lnlerprelation of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha measurements
structure assessment by pulsation index I p devised from l l ~ dominant
e mode of standing Alfvcn waves at the i n the upper gsocorona.
empirical results synchronous orbit lNSSDC-ID-skol4A-22-PMl @IO04 A73-19233
poaO3 A7244511 @I7 A754285 Variation of the solar wind flux wilh heliographic
Probing the plasmapause by gemmagnetic HEAT FLUX latitude. d c d u d from its interaction with
pulsations A study of the heat flux reversal region upslream interplanetary hydrogen
90015 A75-36982 from the earth’s bow shock. using data from the OGO 90013 A75-28032
The dominant mode of standing Alfvcn waves at the 5 ekctron spectrometer Global atomic hydrogen density dcnved from O G 0 6
synchronous orbit 90035 N78-11543 Lyman-alpha measurements
90017 A7546285 HEAVY NUCLEI 90021 A7628988
Ogo 5 obrrvations of R 5 waves . Ongm and composition of heavy nucki betwan IO Cwmagnew storm cffccts on the thermosphere and
Ground-magnetosphere comlations and 60 MeV per nucleon dunng interplanetary quKt the ionosphere r e v u k d by in situ measurements from
90024 A77-11219 t m s in 19681972 OGO 6
M u l t i p k satellite obxrvations of pulsation resonana 90017 A75-46822 90025 A77-16240
structure in the magnetosphere HELIUM HYDROGENCLOUDS
pm27 ~ 7 7 - 2 3 m 5 Thc solar cyck vanation of the solar wind hehum A cometary hydrogen model - Companson with
Structure of a quasi-paralkl. quasi-laminar bow abundan- OGO5 measurements of Comet Bennett (197011)
shock [NSSDC-ID68-Ol4AA-l7-OS1 pOOl0 A75-16631 90013 A75-32382
HYDROGEN IONS
90028 ~ 7 7 - 2 3 2 m Dynsmical effects i n thc distnbutmn of helium In
Magnetosphericthermal plasma and hydrogen cation
GEOMAGNETIC T A I L the thermosphere
Plasma tail interpretations of p r o n o u n d detached 90024 A77-11489 density profik characteristics i n different local t i m e
regjons explained by time-varying convmion model
plasma regions measured by Ogo 5 H E L I U M IONS
pooO7 A7443691 Thc quatonal helium ion trough and the pmO3 A73-13879
M u l t i p k sateUite observationsof pulsation resonana
Substorm and interplanetary magnetic field e f f m s geomagnetK anomaly StNClUre in the magnetosphere
on the geomagnetic tail lobes pa011 ~ i s - r n m
90027 ~ 7 7 - 2 3 m s
90011 A75-19349 H E L I U M ISOTOPES HYDROXYL EMISSION
Thinningofthencar-canh (10loabout I5earth radii) Solar cnergctic panick event with He-3/He-4 greater Polar enhancements of nightglow emissions near
Plasma sheet prcading the substorm expansion phax than I 6230A
90024 A7647884 pOOO9 A75-15342 90019 A761%13
Multipk-satellite studies of magnetospheric Solar panick events with anomalously large relative Behavior of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttime
substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet abundana of He-3 emwon6 dunng a stratosphenc warming
poO26 A77-16868 90013 A75-34018 paom A7622490
Energetic electrons in the near geomagnetic tail and HEOS A SATELLITE HYSlFRESlS
at synchronous orbit: Spatial distributions and Thc magnetopaux Pan 2 Magnetopause position Hysteresis of pnmary cosmic rays &%socialed with
auxkration mechanisms and the rcwnncction problem Forbush dccresus
90032 N74-35223 [LPs75-24pT-21 90035 N7633788 90022 A7635348

VI-5
ICE SUBJECT INDEX
1 INTERSTELLAR GAS North-south asymmctncs in the thermosphere dunng
Solar radiation asymmctnsr and hcliosphcnc gas the last maximum of the solar cyck
l a heating lnflucnnng cxtraterrcstnal U V data pMO9 A75-I6449
The r o k o f ioc particulates in the ekctnfication of Porn, A75-13173 The temperature gradKnt d r i f t instability at the
t k air in the merospherc -- Using OGO 6 data INVARIANCE equatorward edge of the ionosphcnc plasma trough
poo33 ~ 7 5 . 2 4 2 0 2 Magnetic fKld vanatlons above 60 dcgms mvanant pOO24 A7MZb97
latitude at the POGO satellites Correlated measurementsof scintillations and in-situ
INCOHERENT SCATTERING
A global thcrmorphcnc modcl based on mass pOO37 N7671877 F-region I ~ U l a n t K from
s OGo6
@25 A77-15786
spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSlS I - N2 ION CONCENTRATION
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY
density and temperature Satellite nuasurcments of ion composltlon and
temperatures In the topsldc lonosphere dunng medium lonorphcrrc E-layer formarion. inv&igafmg r o k of
poO29 A77-37153
solar activtty solar X-ray control by ekctmn production rate and
A global thermosphcnc modcl based on mass density cakulauons
spectrometer and incoherent scattcr data MSlS II - pOO21 A7628486
pa001 A7034943
Compowtion ION DENSITY (CONCENTRATION) Neutral wind v e l o c i t ~ scalculatcd from temperature
pOO29 A7747154 Ion dcnvty and ekclron amckmtlon region location
measurements dunng a magnetic storm and the
INNER RADIATION BELT Irom satellite-bomc solar flare X-my measurements
observed ionosphcnc effects
Energetic ckctronr tn the inncr belt in 1968 pa003 A72-32790 pooW A7536150
pOO22 A7635289 High-latitude p r o t o n prmpimtion and light Ion Is the red arc a good indicator of
INTERPLANETARY DUST dcnvty profiks during the magnetic storm i n i t i a l ionosphere-magnetosphere conditions
Explorer 35 and OGO 3 data on p i q r a m SIZ dust Ph== [NSSDC-ID4945IA42-PM] pmOa A75-I 1226
part& diunbution in nslunar and scknacntnc spaa. ~NSSDC-lD-67-073A-lI-PMI pOOO4 A7-5114 Remote x n s n g of the lonosphew F layer by u x
showing fluctuations dunng meteor shower penods D m n a l vanation o f thermal p l u m a in the of 0 I 6MOA and 0 I 13SbA obxrvauons
pa002 A72-31937 plasmasphere pOO14 A75-35040
INIXRPLANETARY MAGNETIC I W L D S pOO23 A7MI2IO A study of ckctron spectra in the inner belt
H i g h latitude e h n c fKlds and the modulations ION TEMPERATURE pOO24 A7-53
related to interplanetary magnetic f r l d parameters Ths measurement of cold ton densitKs in the plasma M o d e l of equatorial scintillations f r o m In-situ
pa005 A7414272 trough - i n magnetosphere measurements - b a x d on OGO-6 observed F reglon
Vanation with interplanetary sector of the total [NSSDC-lD-6l3-Ol4A-l&PM] pOOl0 A75-16637 irrcgulanty
magnetic field measured at the OGO 2. 4 and 6 The r o k of Coulomb collisions in limiting differential pOO25 A77-I2057
satcllltcs flow and temperature differenas in tk solar wind Altitude profiks of the photoelectron i n d u a d 0 I D
pmoS A75-12368 @I9 A7619838 (6300 A) predawn enhanocmcnt by obxrvation and
Dcpendcna of the magnetopauss postion on the Satellite measurements of ion composition and theory
southward intcrplanctary magnetrc IICM temperatures in the t o p s k ionosphere dunng medium pOO26 A77-20886
solar activity L i g h t ion and electron troughs observed in the
pmoS A75-I2370
md-latitude topsids ionosphere on two passes of OGO
OG(15 observations of the magnetopaux poO2l A7628486
IONIZATION 6 compared to coincident equatonal ekctron density
WlO A75-19134
The role of la particulates in the ckctnfication of dcduccd from whistlers
The earths bow shock line structure
the air in the mesosphere -- using OGO 6 data poO30 A7742297
pOOll A75-19138 IONOSPHERIC HEATING
Substorm and inteiplanctary mynetlc fKld e f f a s po033 ~ 7 5 - 2 4 ~ 1 2 Magnetically ordcred heating in the polar regions of
on the gcomagnctic tail lobes IONOCRAMS the thermosphere
pOOll A75-19349 Compansons of ionogram and OGO 6 satellite
pOO34 N75-32651
InstabllitKs connected with neutral sheets in the solar observations of small-scak F region inhomogeneitm IONOSPHERIC ION DENSITY
wind poO28 A77-23211 In-situ observations of irregular ionosphcnc structure
@I3 A75-28015 IONOSPHERE assomaled with the plasmapaux
Relation of vanations In total magnetic f u l d at high Vanational e k c t w ~ K M Sat low lalrtudcs and their pmOa A75-11853
latitude w i t h the parameters of the interplanetary relation to spread-F and plasma insgulantus -
High latitude minor Ion cnhanaments A clue for
m agnctic fKld and with D P 2 fluctuations poO29 A77-34326 s t u d ~ sof magnetosphere- atmosphere coupling
pa013 A75-28743 IONOSPHERIC COMPOSITION pmOa A75-12439
Collisionkss shock waves in space - A very high beta The temperature gradrnt bctwecn 100 and I20 km The masurement ofcold ion dcnsitKs in the plasma
-- solar wind measurements
st~aure pOOl8 A7616501 trough -- in m g n ~ t ~ ~ p h e r ~
@I4 A75-35003 Satcllbtc rncasuremcnts of Ion composition and [NSSDC-lDas-oI4A-l&PM] pWl0 A75-I6637
Differcntial rotation of thc magnetosphenc plasma temperatures in the topside ionosphere dunng mcdium The cquatonal helium ion trough and the
as cause of the Svalgaard-Mansurov effect -- solar activity geomagnctr anomaly
relationship hetween geomagnetic vanabks and IMF pa021 A7628486 pool1 A75-20W
polanty IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS Ion composition inegulantm and
pOO14 A7535036 lonosphenc and magnetosphenc ckctnc fKld ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling - Observations of a
A u x s s of solar ekctrons to thc polar regions strength measuremen& m auroral and polar cap regwns high latitude ion trough
poOl5 A75-37031 by Ba ion cloud and doubk floating probe techniques pool3 A75-28356
pa003 A72-39543 Satellite meast.rements of high-altitude t w i l i g h t
Angular distnbutions of solar protons and
Vanation with interplanetary sector of the t o t a l Mgtplus) emisston
ekctrons
magnetic field measured at the OGO 2. 4 and 6 pOO19 A7619839
pOO16 A7541805 satellites High-latitude troughs and the polar cap boundary
Ronar 9 and OGO 5 observations of an poom ~ 7 6 2 2 1 0 5
interplanctary multipk shock c n x m b k on February 2.
pmOa A75-12368
t k c t n c field measurements across the Harang Gcomagnetlc storm effects on the thermosphere and
1
W divontinulty --- in auroral zone the ionosphere revealed by in situ measurements from
poO16 A7542144 pOOl0 A75-16634 OGO 6
Evidcna for magnetic f u l d line reconnection tn the Currentdnvcn plasma lnstabilitrs at high latitudes pOO25 A77-I6240
solar wind --0 w - 5obxrvatlons IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION
pOO17 A75-46238 @I4 A75-35005 Properties of E L F chromagnetac waves i n and
A companson of ckctnc and magnetic fKld data from ldcnlifcatlons of the polar cap boundary and the above the earth's ionosphere dcduad from plasma wave
the OGO 6 spacccraft auroral belt in the high-altitudc magnetosphere - A crpenments on the OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satellites
poO18 A7616514 model for bid-aligned currents pOOl8 A7616507
Dependence of thc latltudc o f the cleft o n the pOO14 A75-3M07 A new Interpretation of subprotonosphenc whirtkr
Interplanetary magnetic fKld and substorm adlvily Differential rotation 01 the magnetosphenc plasma charadenstics
poom ~7622107 as caux of the Svalgaard-Mansurov cffm - pOO19 A7616522
Long-term cosmic ray modulation in the penod relationship betwan geomagnetic vanabks and I M F The morphology of equatonal irregulantles in the
196t-1972 and interplanetary magnetx f r i d s polanty Afro-Asian hctor from OGO 6 observations
pa023 A7639130 pOO14 A75-35036 pOO28 A77-24016
Thinningofthencar~arth (I010 about l5carth radli) A companson of ckctnc and magnetic f u l d data from IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING
Plasma s h a t preceding the substom crpansion p h a x tk OGO 6 spaacraft
Correlation of 'satellite cstmatcs' of the equatonal
poO24 A7M7884 pOOl8 A7616514 ckctro)ct intenwty with ground obxrvations at Addis
High latitude ionosphcnc wnds relalcd to FKld-aligned currents obxrvcd by the OGO 5 and
Tnad satellites Ababa
solar-interplanetary conditions
pOO26 A77 17124 pW34 A73-31771
pOO32 N74-29091 F region wind components in the magnetic mcndian
INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM High latitude ionosphcnc winds relatcd to
solar-intcrplanctary conditions from OGO 4 tropical airglow observations
Vanation of the solar wind flua with hcliographic pOOl I A75-22671
latitude, dcduccd from its mteractlon wlth pOO32 N74-29091
IONOSPHERIC DISIZIRBANCES Remote h n ~ ~ nofg the ionosphcnc F layer by use
Iriterplanctary hydrogen of 0 1 6 W A and 0 I 1356A obxrvations
In-situ observations of irregular ionosphcnc S ~ N C ~ U X
pOO13 A75-28032 associated with the plasmapaux pOO14 A75-35040
Rriaiirism C~CLLIUII and purnrun inlensity
pwua A 7 j - i t s j j c)r,G 6 oba~.r!:onr of 2277 A --- airglow
distnb lions in interplanetary regions Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphere measurements
pOO3l N71-25288 pmOa A75-12453 @I9 A7618436

VI-6
SUBJECT I N D E X MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY
IONOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE Global atomic hydrogen density denved from oGo6 MAGNETIC SIGNATURES
North-south asymmetncs i n the thermosphere dunng Lyman-alpha measurements Magnetognuv rotational forms
the last maximum of the solar cyck pa021 A7628988 [NSSDC-ID&-Ol4A-l5-PMI pOOCL9 A75-11221
pmos~75-16449 The interpretattons of ultravlokt observations of MAGNEnC ~ R M S
The temperaturn gradwnt k i w e e n 100 and I 2 0 t m comets E k a r o n pscipitation patterns and substorm
$018 A7616501 pa022 A7631317 morphology.
The temperature gradient d r i f t instability at the INSSDC-IDd7473A-I I-PMI pooo4 A7.3-33434
cquatonvard edge of the ionosphenc plasma trough
pa024 A7642697 M Neutral r i n d velocities calculated from temperature
measurements during a magnetic storm and the
Global exospheric temperatures and densities under observed ionospheric effects.
MAGNESIUM
active solar conditions - measurcd by OGo6 po00, A7.3-36150
SalclIite measurements 01 hlgh-altitude t w i l i g h t
[NASA-CR-1453941 paoM N7610610 Mg(plus) emission High-latitude p r o t o n precipitation and light ion
pa019 A7619839 density profiks during the magnetic storm i n i t i a l
phase.
J MAGNETIC ANOMALIES
Tbc equatorial helium ion trough and the [NSSDC-IDd7473A-I I-PM1 po00, A73-451 I4
geomegnct:c anomaly Substorms i n spaa - The ccmlatiol? betweenground
JUPITER (PLANET) pa011 A75-20360 and satellite observations of the magnetic field
Quvt-time i n m a x s of lowenergy ekctrons - The A global magnetic anomaly map pmO5 A74-I4285
Jovian ongin pa012 A75-24043 Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphes
$025 A77-11692 Magnetic anomaly map 01 North Amcnca south of pOOOE A75-12453
50 degrees north from Pogo data Magnetospheric substorm associaled with SC ---
[NASA-TM-X-7 12291 pa035 N77-13587 sudden commenccmcnts at O G 0 5
K ComDanson of a munetic local anomalv measured pOOll A75-22613
hy OGo6 and a crustai feature Ekctromagnctic hiss and relativistic e k a r o n losscs
KINETIC ENERGY pa037 N7671883 in the inner zone - of magnetosphere
Relativistic ekctron and positron intensity MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES pOO12 A75-23716
distnbutions in interplanetary regions Electric field measurements across the Harang Substorm effects on the neutral sheet inside IOearth
pa031 N71-25288 discontinuity -- in auroral lone radii
KINETIC THEQRY pa010 A75-16634 pa016 A7546232
Exospheric models of the topside ionosphere -- Simultaneous particle and field obscrvations of
Dcpendencc of the latitude of the cleft on the
emphasiung cxape of light gaXS field-aligned cumnts - in mwnetmhere
interplanetary magnetic field and substorm activity
$006 A7428723 pboll A75-19330
pa020 A7622107
Relation of variations in total magnetic fKld at high
latitude w i t h the parameters of the intemlanetary Energetic elcctrons i n the inner belt in 1968
pOO22 A1635289
L mapnetic field and with DP 2 fluctuations
pa013 A75-28743 Geomagnetic storm effects on the thermosphere and
A companson ofelsctncand magnellcfvld data from the ionosphere revealed by i n situ measui-ements from
LAMINAR FLOW the OGO 6 spacecraft OGO 6
Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow pa018 A7616514 pOO25 A77-16240
shock --- earth-solar wind intcraction MAGNETIC EFFECTS High-latitude nitric oxide in the lower
pOO12 A75-23707 Energetic ekarons i n the inner helt in 1968 thermosphere
LATITUDE pa022 A7635289 pa028 A77-23222
North-south asymmetncs in the thermosphere dunng Fvld-aligned prsfipitation of greater than 3 o k e V Magnetic storm effects on the tropical ultraviolet
the last maximum of the solar cyck ekctrons airglow
pLlOC9 A75-16449 pa022 A7636276 pa029 A77-27318
Dependence of the latitude of the cleft on the The local tune variation 01 E L F emissions during
Magnetically ordered healing i n ths polar regtons of
interplanetary magnetic f v l d and substorm activity penods of substorm activity
the thermosphere
pa020 A7622107 pa034 N75-32651 pa029 A77-31391
LIGHT ELEMENTS Features of polar cusp electron precipitation
High-latitude proton precipitation and light i o n MAGNETIC E Q U A l D R
The equatorial helium ion trough and the asJofiated with a large magnetic storm
dcnsity profiles during the magnetic storm initial [NASA-TM-X-707921 pa032 N75-12873
geomagnetic anomaly
ph= MAGNETIC SURVEYS
[NSSDC-ID-67473A-ll-PM] po00, A73-45114 pool1 A75-mw
A global magnetic anomaly map
LIGHT EMISSION F region wind components in the magnetic meridian
pa012 A75-24043
Impulsive /flash/ p h a x of solar flares - Hard X-ray, from OGO 4 tropical airglow ObXNations
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS
pa01I A75-22671
microwave. EUV and optical obxrvations Substorms i n spaa - The correlation between ground
pa015 A75-37352 Pitch angk distributions of cncrgetic e k t r o n s in the
and satellite observations of the magnetic field
LINES O F FORCE equatorial regions of the outer magnetosphere - O G 0 S
pmO5 A7414285
Ewdencc for magnetic lield line rcconnection in the obxrvations Variation with interplanetary sector of thc t o t a l
solar wind pa01I A75-22759 magnetic field measured at the OGO 2, 4 and 6
pa017 A7546238 MAGNETIC FIELD CDNFICURATIONS satellltCS
LONG TERM EFFECTS Magnetosphcnc field morphology at magnetically ,A7512368
Long-term cosmic ray modulation i n the period quiet times Relation of variations in total magnetic f d d at high
1966-1972 and interplanetary magnetic f d d s poOo5 A7414270 Iatitudc with the parameters o f the interplanetary
pa023 A7639130 Variation with interplanetary sector of the total magnetic field and with D P 2 fluctuations
LONGITUDE magnetic field measured at thc O G O 2, 4 and 6 pa013 A75-28743
An explanation of the longitudinal vanation of the satellites Differential rotation of the magnetospheric plasma
O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity pal08 A75-12368 as cause of the Svalgaard-Mansurov cflect ---
poO19 A7621456 O G 0 5 observations of the magnetopaux relationship between geomagnetic vanahks and I M F
u ) W FUEQUENCIES pall0 A75-19134 polarity
L o w e n e r w radio emissions from the earth and sun Evidencc for magnetic field line reconnection i n thc pa014 A75-35036
--- solar 1 6 . 3 bursts solar wind MAGNETOACDUSTIC WAVES
poO33 N75-20195 pa017 A7546238 Excitation of magnetosonic waves with dixrete
LUMINOUS INTENSITV spectrum an the equatorial vicinity of the plasmapnux
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Thc intensity vanation of thc atomic oxygen red line Magnetic field vanations abovc 60 &gross invariant pOOl2 A75-27679
during morning and evening twthght on 9-10 A p n l MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW
latitude at the POGO satellites
1969
pa037 N7671877 Exospheric modcls of the topside ionosphere ---
pa021 A7628990 Low latitude variations of tho magnetic field emphasizing crape of light gaxs
LUNAR ORBITS pooo6 A7428723
Explorer 35 and OGO 3 data on picogram slzc dust
pa037 N7671880
Plasma flow hypothesis i n the magnetosDherc slating
partick distnbution in cislunar and x k n o a n t n c w a a , MAGNETIC FLUX
to lrequency shift of ckctrostatic p)asma-wavcs
Depsndcna 01 the magoetopaux poution on thc
showing fluctuations during meteor shower periods pa015 A75-38275
southward interplanetary magnetic field
pooO2 A72-31937 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABlLlW
LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION paOm A75-12370
Plasma instability modes related to the earth’s bow
Interpretation of -0 5 Lyman alpha measuremcnts Substorm and interplanetary magnetic field effccts shock
in the upper geocorona. on the gcomagnctic tail lobes pa01I A75-22774
INSSDC-lD-684I4A-22-PMl pooo4 A73-19233 pa011 A75-19349 Instabilities wnnccted with neutral sheets i n the solar
Solar radiation asymmetries and heliospheric gas MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT wind
heating influencing extratcmstnal UV data E L F hiss associated with plasma density poO13 A75-28015
Porn, A75-13173 enhancements i n the outer magnetosphere Thcenhanamcnt of solar wind fluctuations with scak
Variation of the solar wind flux with heliographlc poO22 A7633058 size near the proton gyroradius
latitude, deduced from its interaction with Detailed analysis o f magnetospheric E L F chorus - poO13 A75-28038
interplanetary hydrogpn preliminary results Micropulsations and thc plasmapausc
poO13 A75-28032 poO27 A77-21523 pOO27 A77-21513

VI-7
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES SUBJECT I N D E X
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES Probing thc plasmapause by geomagnetic Plasma instability modes related to the earths bow
Thc dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the pulsations shock
synchronous orbit pa015 A75-36982 pOOl I A75-22774
pOOl7 A75-46285 V L F and ELF emissions --- in magnetosphere Currentdnven plasma instabilities at high latitudes
Ogo 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - pOOl.5 A75-36988 -- Ogo-5 observations
Ground magnctospherc correlations Plasma flow hypothesis in the magnetosphererelating pOO14 A75-35005
pOO24 A77-11219 to frequency shift of ckctrostatic plasma waves Magnctosphcnc chorus Amplitude and g r o w t h
Instability phcnomcna m detached plasma regions pool5 A75-38275 rate
in magnetosphcrc Waves and wave-particle interactions in the pOO16 A7542748
The dominant mode of standing Alfvcn waves at the
MAGNETOMETERS
pOO27 A77 21512 -
magnetosphere A revrw
synchronous orbit
pool8 A7612272
Production proocrsing of thc data obtained by the pOO17 A7546285
VLF propagation In thc magnctosphcrc during Dependence of the latitude of the cleft on thc
UCLA OGO-5 flurgsts magctomctcr sunnse and sunset hours
[PUBL-905] pOO37 N75-76086 interplanetary magnetic f r l d and substorm activity
pool8 A7614838 pOO20 A7622107
MAGNETOPAUSE
Properties of ELF ckctromagnetic waves in and Charactenstlcs of instabilitrs In thc magnetosphere
Magnetopause rotational forms
above the earth's ionosphcrc& d u d from plasma wave &duced from wave observations
[NSSDC-ID46-014,4 I5-PMI pooo8 A75-11221
Dspcndena of t k magnetopause position on the cxpenmcnts on the O V I 17 and Ogo 6 satellites pOO23 A7641914
southward interplanetary mqnctic f r l d pOOl8 A7616507 Multipk-satellite rtudrs of magnetosphcnc
pooo8 A75-12370 A new interpretation of subprotonosphcnc whistkr substorms Radial dynamlcs of the plasma sheet
OGO-5 observations of the magnetopause charactcnstics pOO26 A77-16868
pOOl0 A75-19134 pOO19 A7616522 Tnggenng of substorms by solar wind
Access of solar elsarons to the polar regions Thc upper- and lower-frequency cutoffs of diswntinuitrs
pOOl5 A75-37031 magnetosphcncally rclkctDd whistkrs pOO26 A77-21093
Thc magnetopauu Part 1 MuIt~sateIIite pOO19 A7619854 Shocks. solitons and the plasmapause
s i m u l t a w u s ObXNatlons of bow shock and Magncloshcath lion roars --
strongest whistkr mode pOO27 A77-21504
magnetopause positions signals Instability phcnomcna in detached plasma regions
ILps75-23-PT- I] pOO34 N7633787 poO22 A7633057 - in magnetosphere
The magnetopaux Pan 2 Magnetopause position tLF hiss assomaled with plasma density pOO27 A77-21512
and the reconnestion probkm Detailed analysis of magnetosphcnc E L F chorus -
cnhanamcnts in the outer magnctosphcrc
[LPS75-24-PT-ZI pOO35 N76-33788 preliminary results
pOO22 A7633058
MAGNETOSONIC RESONANCE pOO27 A77-21523
Thc theory of VLF Doppkr %natures and their MAGNETOSPHERIC I O N DENSITY
Exatation of magnetosonic waves w i t h discrete
relation to magnctosphcnc density ~ t ~ c t ~ m
spmrum in the equatonal vinnity of the plasmapause Magnetoaphcnc thermal plasma and hydrogen cation
pOO23 A7639145 density proftk charactenstics tn different I w l time
pOOl2 A75-27679 Ogo 5 observations of Pc 5 waves -
MAGNETOSPHERE regons explained by time-varying convation model
Ground-magnetosphere comlations
N o i x signals in earth magnetosheath interpreted as pooO3 A73-13879
pOO24 A77-11219 Plasma tail interpretations of pronounced detached
cknromagnctic waves propagating in whistkr modc
pooOl A69-31985 -
Magnctosphcnc chorus Occurrena patterns and plasma regions m e u u d by Ogo 5
nnrmlllrrA fnnsvn,.
,
lonosphenc and magnetosphcnc ekctnc ;I& 7- plui A744m!i1
strength measurementsIn auroral and polar cap regions pOO25 A77-16238 The measurement of cold ion dcnsitm In the plasma
by Ba ton cloud and doubk floating probe tahniqucs I-Ad-aligned cumnts thc OGO 5 and
O ~ S C N C by
~ trough - in magnetosphere
pm03 A72-39543 Tnad satellites [NSSDC-ID-6E-Ol4A-l8-PM] pOOl0 A75-16637
Recent satellite mcasurcmentsof thc morphology and pOO26 A77-17124 Dynamics of Mld-latnude light Ion trough and plasma
dynamics of the plasinasphcrc M u l t i p k satelbte observations of pulsation rcsonana talk
pooO3 A73-13709 structure in thc magnetosphere pOOl2 A75-27383
M agnctosphcnc e h n c fulds wnvestive motions pOO27 A77-23205 M u l t i p k satellite observations of pulsation resonana
measurement by Ba ion cloud tracking and symmctnc tmpincal modcls of high-latitude ckctnc fuldr ~ t ~ cint thc u magnetosphere
~
doubk probe floating potential tahniquc pOO29 A77-27317 pOO27 A77-23205
pooO3 ,473-15333 OGO 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - Partick flux MAGNETOSPHERIC PROTON D E N S W
Steady E L F plasmasphenc hiss, studying whistler modulations Observations of protons with energrs cxaeding 100
mode turbukna, band Imitation, power spectra and pOO30 A7742295 keV In thc earth's magnetosheath
peat intensitus OGO 3 and 5 observations of inner magnctospherc poozo ~ 7 6 2 2 ~ 2
pooo4 A73-26984 and nng cumnts MAPS
M agnctosphcnc f d d morphology at magnetically A global magnetic anomaly map
pW3l N73-17947
quut tlmel Extrcmcly l o w frequency hiss emissions i n the
pOOl2 A75-24043
Magnetic anomaly map of North Amcnca south of
pooO5 A7414270 magnetosphere - using OGO 5 and 6 observations
Substormsin spa- The correlation between ground 50 degrees north from Pogo data
pOO32 N74-30528 [NASA-TM-X-7 1229) pOO35 N77-13587
and satellite observations of the magnetic f r l d A muIti-sateII~tsstudy of the nature of wavclikc
pooO5 A74-14285 MASS SPECCllOSCOPY
strudurcs in thc magnetosphenc plasma
On thc local time dependence of thc bow shock wave Vanations in thermosphenc composilion - A model
[NASA-CR-l436SO] pOO33 N75-17877 b d on mass spectrometer and satellilc drag data
StNClUR Magnetosphcnc chorus
pooO5 A7424759 pOO33 N75-22959 poOm A7430667
Detached plasma rsgions in thc magnetosphere The outer magnetosphere Pan 1 A multisatellitc A global thermosphenc model based on mass
poOm A74-30660 study of thc magnetopaw position In relation with spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSlS I - N 2
A relation between ELF hiss amplitude and plasma some importnnt fluld dynamic panmeters density and temperature
density in the outer plasmasphcrc ILps762-PT-IJ pa035 N7633793 pOO29 A77-37153
poOm A74-30677 The outer magnetosphcrc Pan 3 Slmultantous A global thcrmosphcnc model b p v d on mass
Is thc d arc a good indicator of multisatellite observations of thc magnetopaux spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSlS II -
ionosphcre-magnctosphrc conditions [LPS7MPT-21 pa035 N7633795 Cornpoution
[NSSDC-ID-6945IA-OZ-PM] pooo8 A75-11226 Auroral oval and magnetosphcnc cusps pOO29 A77-37154
High latitude minor IO" enhanocmcnts - A CIUC for pa037 N78-70070 A multi-satellite study of thc naturc of wavelike
studrr of magnetospherc- atmosphere coupling MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRON D E N S T Y S ~ N C ( U E SIn thc magnctosphenc plasma
A75-12439 Rtch angk distnbutions of encrgetr cknrons in the [NASA-CR-I43680] pOO33 N75-17877
Correlated satellite measurements of proton q u a t o n a l regions of the outer magnctosphcre O G O S MESOPAUSE
prmpitation and plasma dcnsity - in magnetosphere obvrvations Noctiluant clouds in daytime Circumpolar
pOlV9 A75-16437 pOOll A75-22759 paniculate layers near the summer mesopause
The solar wind and magnetosphcnc dynamics Thinningofthe near-canh(l0toabout ISearthradii) pm03 A7242515
pOOl0 A75-19127 plasma s k t preceding the substorm expansion phase MESOSPHERE
Slmultaneous particle and field observations of pOO24 A7647884 Sstellite observation of the mcsosphcnc rattcnng
fuld-ahgncd currents --- In magnetosphere MAGNETOSPHERIC INSTABILITY layer and implud climatic mnsequenas
E k n r o n prmpitation patterns and substorm
pOOll A75-19330 pOO22 A7639128
Ektromagnctic hiss and relativistic ckctron losses morpholegy
Observations from thc Orbiting Geophysical
in the inncr zone --- of magnetosphere [NSSDC-lD-67473A 11-PM1 pooo4 A73-33434
The measurement of cold ion dcnsltus In the plasma ObyNalOry 6 of mesosphcnc airglow and r a t t c n n g
pOO12 A75-23716 layers
trough - in magnetosphcre
Identifications of thc polar cap boundary and the pOO33 N75-19882
[NSSDC-ID-6E-Ol4A-l8-PMl pOOl0 A75-I6637
auroral belt in the high-altitude magnetosphcre - A OGOS obxrvations of thc magnetopause The r o k of KX paniculales in the ekctnfication of
modcl for frld-aligncd cumnts pWl0 A75-19134 the air In the -
mesosphcrc using OGO 6 data
pOO14 A75-35007 Subscorm and interplanetary magnetic f r l d effms pOO33 N75-24202
Differential rotation of the magnetospbnc plasma on thc geomagnetic tail lobes M E T A L IONS
as cause of Ihc Svalgnad-Mansurov effect - Pool1 A75-19349 Masnctosphcnc c k a n c f r l d s convcE1ivc motions
relationship between geomagnetic vanabks and I M F Magnetospheric substorm nssonatcd with SC - measurement by Ea ion cloud tracking and symmetnc
polanty sudden mmmenaments at OGO-5 doubk probe h a t i n g potential technique
e l 4 A75-1W36 e l l 4 7 5 225:? -3 473 !5333

VI-8
 SUBJECT INDEX PLASMA DENSITY
METEOROID SHOWERS NITRIC OXIDE T r o p i c a l F region winds f r o m 0 I l 3 5 6 A and
Eaplorer 35 and OGO 3 data on picogram s i x dust A n upper limit to the product of N O and 0 densltKs forbidden 0 I6300.A emissions II - Analysis of OGO
particle distnbution in cislunar and xlenocentnc space. from 105 to 120 km 4 data
showing fluctuations dunng meteor shower penods INSSDC-lD-6905IA-26PMl pOXM3 A75-11227 pOO23 A7642683
@I32 A7i-31937 Wtllilc measurements of mtnc oade In the poiar OZONE
MICROMETEOROIDS region Satellite obxrvations of the global distnbution of
Thc micromelcoroid eaperiment on the O G O 4 pOO17 A 7 5 4 2 8 9 stratosphcnc ozone
satellite O G 0 4 observations of the ultrawolct auroral
spectrum
pOO36 N78-12583
[NASA-CR- 1419481 pOO37 N75-70676
MICROWAVE EMISSION pOO25 A77-16243
Impulsive /flash/ phase of solar flares - Hard X-ray, High-latitude
thellllOSpherS
nitnc oxldc in the lowcr
P
microwave, E U V and optlul obxrvatmns
pOOl5 A75-37352 pOO28 A77-23222
NITROGEN PARTICLE ACCELERATION
M I D L A T I T U D E ATMOSPHERE A m k r a t i o n of ekctrons i n a b x n a of detectable
Structure of ekctrodynamic and partick heating in
Is the red arc a good indicator of the disturbed polar thermosphere optlcal flares dcduad from type 111 radio bursts, H
:onoyLt;; magnclosphe;; conditions dpha activity and soft X-ray emission
[NSSDC ID-49051A02-PM] p!lOO8 A75-11226 pOO27 A77-23201
A global thcrmosphenc modcl b a d on mass [NSSDC-lD-68-Ol4A44-PS] poaoS A75-16217
Dynammof Mid-latitude light ion trough and plasma spstrometer and incohercnt scatter data MSlS I- N2 PARTICLE DIFlTJSION
tuls dcnnty and temperature Long-term cosmic ray modulation i n the p n o d
pOOl2 A75-27383 pOO29 A77-37153 I9fd-1972 and interplanetary m y n e t r L l d s
Thc intensity vanation of the atomic oxygen red line “ILUCENT ClDUDS pOO23 A7639130
d u n n g morning and evening twilight on 9-10 A p n l N M i l u a n t clouds in daytime - Circumpolar PARTICLE IN’IENSIIT
1969 particulate layers near the summer mesopause Modulation of low energy ekctrons and protons near
pOO2l A7628990 pooO3 A7242515 solar maximum
MODELS NORTH AMERICA pOO21 A7626907
Thcrmosphcnc Iempxature. dcnaty. and Magnet~canomaly map 01 North America south of P4RTICLE IYTER4CTIOYS
composition New models 50 degrees north from Pogo data Waves and wave-partick interadions In the
[NASA-CR-I530491 pOO35 N77-23648 [NASA-TM-X-7 12291 pOO35 N77-13587 magnetospherc - A rcvuw
MODULATION NUCLEAR EXPU)SK)NS pOOl8 A7612272
High latitudc ckctnc fulds and the modulations A study of eknron spectra in the inner belt PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
related to interplanetary magnetic f u l d parameters Explorer 35 and OGO 3 data on picogram SIZS dust
pOO24 A7644653
pooO5 A7414272 NUCLEONS panick distnbution i n nslunar and x k n m n t n c spaa,
Modulation of low energy ekctrons and protons near Ongin and wmpowtion of heavy nuckl between IO showng fluctuations dunng meteor shower penods
solar maximum and @ MeV per nucleon dunng interplanetary quut pOm2 A72-31937
pOO2l A7626907 timcs in 1968-1972 PERIODIC VARIATIONS
MOLECULAR I O N S pOO17 A75-46822 Vanations In thcrmosphenc composition - A model
High latitude minor ion enhancements. A clue for based on mass spectrometer and satellite drag data
studus of magnetosphere- atmosphere coupling pomS A74-30667

MOLECULAR SPECTRA
p!lOO8 A75-12439 0 The solar cyck vanation of thc solar wind helium
abundance
O G O - 4 observations o f thc ultraviolet auroral OBLIQUE SHOCY WAVES [NSSDC-lD-68-Ol4A-I7-OS~ pWl0 A75-16631
spectrum Eanh collisonkwi plasma bow shock obliquc OGO 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 waves - Panick flua
pOO25 A77-16243 structure aMswimen1by pulsation index I p devised from modulations
empincal results pOO30 A7742295
PHASE DEVIATlON
N 0907
pooO3 A7244511
Theory of the p h a x anomaly in the thcrmospherc
Analysis of OGO-5 and O s 0 7 X ray data --- phywcal -- radar tcmperaturc-satellite drag density phasc
NEUTRAL SHEETS naturc of solar flares diffcrcnce
InstabilitKs connectedwith neutral s k i s i n the solar [NASA-CR- 14213I] pOO32 N75-17277 pooO5 A74-12645
wind OXYGEN A I T X R C l D W PHOTOELECTRONS
pOO13 A75-28015 Thc temperature gradmt bctwan 100 and I 2 0 km Atomic oxygen 1 W A day airglow observed from
Substorm effects on the ncutral sheet inside IO earth OG@D spaacraft. attnbuting subsolar emission rates
pOOl8 A7416501
radii to photoelectron impact exatation
OXYGEN ATOMS
pOO16 A7546232 pOm2 A71-33964
NEUTRON FLUX D E N S l I T Atomic oxygen 1304-A day airglow o b x r v d from
O G O D spaamaft. attnbuting subsolar emission rates Altitvdc prohks of the photockctron i n d u d 0 ID
A search for solar neutrons dunnn solar flarcs
to photockctron impact camtation (6300 A ) predawn enhanament by obxrvation and
&IO A75-18717 thcory
N I G H T SKY pooO2 A71-33964
New results on thc correlation hetween low-encrgy A n upper limit to the product of N O and 0 denwtus pOO26 A77-20886
electrons and auroral hns from 105 to 120 km P I T C H (INCLINATION)

/-1- pOOm ~ 7 6 2 2 0 8 6
Altitude prohks of the photockctron Induced 0 ID
[NSSDC-ID-6945lA-26PM] pOXM3 A75-I 1227
Global atomr oxygen density denved from OGO-6
Rtch angk distnbutions of energetic electrons tn the
cquatonal regions of the outer magnetosphere- OG05
(6300 A ) predawn enhancement by obxrvation and 1- A airglow measurements observations
theorv pOOZl A7628989 pOOl I A75-22759
pOO26 A77-20886 AEROS A atomic oxygen profiles compared with Cntical ekctmn pitch angk anisotropy necessary for
Magnetic storm effects on the tropical ultraviokt the OGO 6 model chorus generation -. Doppkr-shifted cyclotron
airglow pOO28 A77-23987 resonance
pOO29 A77-27318 Determination of tropical F-region winds from pOO24 A7644665
NIGHTGLOW atomr o a y p n airglow emissions PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Vertical red line 6300 A distribution and troplcal pOO34 N7610603 Density and temperaturc disinbulions in
nightglow morphology in quut magnetic conditions Latitudinal dependena of atomic oxygen density non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres with
pOOM A7411523 between 90 and I20 kilometers as denved from O G 0 6 appllutions to carth
Polar cnhanccments of nightglow emissions near observations of the 5577 A nightglow pooO5 A7414224
6230A pOO34 N7627744 PLANETARY RADIATION
pOOl9 A761%13 OXYGEN SPECTRA @ut-time increases of low<ncrgy electrons - The
An explanation of the longitudinal variation of the Jovian ongin
Remote xnwng of thc ionosphenc F layer by use
O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity pOO25 A77-11692
of 0 I6 3 W A and 0 I 1356A obxrvations
pOO19 A7621456 PLASMA COMPDSITWN
Behavior of the sodium and hydroayl nighttime pa014 A75-35040
The global charactenstic%of atmosphcnc cmissions Thc solar cyck vanation of the solar wind helium
emissions during a stratospheric warming abundance
pmm ~ 7 6 2 2 4 9 0 in thc lower thermosphere and their aeronomic [ N S S D C - I D W l 4 A 17-0.31 pOOl0 A75-16631
The effect of extraterrestrial dust. stratospheric implications
PLASMA DENSITY
warmings, and lower thermospheric pressure systems pOO16 A7542726
on OGO-4 measured nightglows i n the earth’s OG0.6 observations of 5577 A -- airglow
A relation betwan E L F hiss amplitude and plasma
dsnsity in the wter plasmaspherc
atmosphere (80 to 100 km) measurements
pooo6 A74--77
poO3l N74-26&(8 pOO19 A7618436 Plasma tail mterprctations of pronounced detached
Determination of tropical F-region wlnds from A n explanation of the longitudinal vanatlon of the plasma regions measured by Ogo 5
atomic oxygen airglow emissions O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensily pooO7 A7443691
pOO34 N 7 6 l F 3 pOOl9 A7621456 Corrslated satellitc masuremenis of proton
Latitudinal dcpendcna of atomic oaygen density The intenuty vanation of the atomic oaygcn red line precipitation and plasma density -- i n magnetosplum
between W a n d I 2 0 kilometers as d c r i v d from OGO-6 during morning and evening twilight on 9-10 Apnl poaoS A75-16437
observations of the 5577 A nightglow 1969 A r e v u w of in situ observations of the plasmapauoe
pOO34 N7627744 pOO21 A7628990 pOOl5 A75-36977

VI-9
PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SUBJECT I N D E X
Robing thc plasmapause by geomagnetic PLASMA-PARTICLE I N T E R A C l l O N S ion composition irrcgulantrs and
pulsations Waves and wave-partick interactions in the ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling - Observations of a
pools ~75.36982 magnctosphcrc - A KVKW high latitudc ion trough
High-latitudc troughs and thc polar cap boundary pools ~ 7 6 1 2 2 7 2 pool3 ~75-28356
pOO20 A7622105 P W S M A P A U S E Rclation of vanations in total magnetic f x l d at high
E L F hiss assmatcd with plasma density R e a n t salsllitc measurcmcnts of the morphology and latitudc with the parametcrs o f thc interplanctary
enhancements in the oulcr magnctosphcrc dynamm of thc plasmasphcrc magnetic ~ K M and with DP 2 fluctuations
pOO22 A7633058 pa003 A73-13709 p00i3 ~75.28743
Thc tcmpcraturc gradrnt d r i f t instability at thc Plasma tad intcrpretalions of pronounad detached C u m n t d n v c n plasma instabilitrs a1 high latitucks
cquatonvard edge of thc ionosphcnc plasma trough plasma regions mcasurcd by Ogo 5 -- Ogo-5 obssrvations
pOO24 A7642697 pa007 A7443691 pOO14 A75-35005
PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS Satcllitc measurements of nitnc oxide In thc polar
In-situ observations of irregular ionosphcnc strudurc
Detached plasma regions in thc magnctospberc =@on
aswanted with the plasmapaux
poOm A 7 4 - W pool7 ~75-46289
Corrclawd satcllilc mcasurcments of proton poOm A75-11853 S ~ N C ~ Uof I Cc k t r o d y n a m r and partick heating in
prcopitation and plasma density - in magnetosphere Correlated sakllitc measurcmcnts of proton thc undisturbed polar thcrmosphcrc
Pooa, A75-16437 prmpitation and plasma dcnuty - in magnctosphcrc pOOl8 A7614318
Structurc of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow Pooa, A75-16437 Polar cnhanccments of nightglow cmissions near
shock --- earth-solar wind mtcranton Dynamics of Mid-latituck light ion trough and plasma 6230A
pOOl2 A75-23707 talk pOO19 A7619613
A ~ C V K Wof in situ obscrvations of the plasmapavx pool2 ~75-27383 Struaurc of ckctrodynmic and paruck heating in
pOOl5 A75-36977 Exatation of magnctosonic wavcs w i t h discrctc thc disturbed polar thcrmosphcrc
Robing thc plasmapaux by geomagnctic spmrum in the cquatonal vinnity of thc plasmapaux p0027 ~ 7 7 . 2 3 ~ 1
pulsations @I2 A75-27679 Empincal modcls of high-latitude c k t n c f r l d s
pool5 ~75-36982 Ion composition iqulantrs and pOO29 A77-27317
PLASMA DYNAMICS ionospherc-plasmaspherc coupling - Observations of a High latitudc ionosphcnc winds related to
% measurcmenl of cold ion dcnsltrs ~n the plasma hlgh latitude ion trough solar-mtcrplanctary conditions
troush -- in magnctosphcrc pa013 ~75.28356 pOO32 N74-29091
[NSSDC-lD-6E-Ol4A-l6-PMl pOLll0 A75-16637 A XVKW of in situ observations of the plasmapaux Fcaturcs of polar cusp clcctron prcnpitation
Thc solar wind and magnctosphcnc dynamics pOOl5 A75-36977 a u r i n w d with a large magnetic sorm
dl00010 A75-19127 Probing the plasmapaux by geomagnetic [NASA-TM-X-707921 dl032 N75-12873
PLASMA FLUX MEASUREMENTS pulsations ^^ . __- .- Magnetically ordered heating in thc polar regions of
Multipk-satcllitc StudKs of magnetosphenc V'' A''-j6Y8L thc thermosphere
substorms - Radial dynamics of thc plasma s h a t V L F and E L F cmissions --- in magnetosphere
pOO34 N75-32651
poo15 ~75-36988
A77-16868 Thinning of thc ncar-carth (loto about l5earthradii) POLAR
PLASMA FREQUENCIES lntcnwy vanation of ELF hiss and chorus dunng
Instability phcnomna in detached plasma regions pd'ng substorm-*. crpans'on
.-,< phax
._(eo. Isolated substorms

PLASMA INTERACTIONS Instability phenomena m detached plasma regions on thc geomagnetic tail lobes
lnstabilitrsconncctcdwith neutral shats in the solar -- in magnctosphcrc pOOll A75-19349
wind pOO27 A77-21512 Thinning of thc ncar-carth (IOto about l5carth radii)
pOO13 A75-28015 Micropulsations and thc plasmapausc plasma s h a t prcading the substorm capanson p h a x
PLASMA LAYERS pal27 A77-21513 poO24 A7647884
Substorm cffcctr on thc neutral h a t inside loearth L i g h t ion and clcctron troughs observed in the Multiple-satcllitc studrs of magnctosphcnc
radii mid-latitude topside ionosphcrc on two passes of OGO substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma shctt
pOO16 A7546232 6 comparcd to coincident cquatonal electron density pal26 A77-16868
Thinningof thc ncarcarth (loto about I5 earth radii)
plasma s&t prcading thc substorm capansion phax
deduced from whistkrs
Po030 A7742297
Tnnnennn -~
dlrontinuitrs
of substorms bv solar wind

p0024 ,47647884 PLASMAS(PHYSITS) pal26 A77-21093

PLASMA OSCILLATlOYS Cntiquc on caistence of onc hundred million dcgrct POLARln
The cnhanccmcnt of solar wind fluctuatrons at thc =Iar Plasma Dependence of the magnctopaux position on thc
oroton thermal Iivroradius
. pa00l A71-m44 ~~~ _ ~ mternlanctarv
southward
~ _ .r ~ ._ , ~~rnam ~ t-i cllcld
.. ~ ~.
~.
pOOO8 A75-12370
A75-27387 Y a g n e t i c anomaly map of North Amenca south of P O S I ~ N(U)cATION)
PLASMA P H Y S C S
Variational ckctnc frlds at low latitudes and tbcir 5o dcgras north lrom
Thc magnctopaux: Part 2: Magnetopause position
[NASA-TM-X-7 I2291 data pO035 N77-13587
rclation to sprcad-F and plasma irrcgulantus
Magnetic ficld vanations abovc 60 dcgras invanant and monnm'on probkm
[LpS75-24-M-2]
PLASMA TEMPERATURE
pO029 A77-34326
A review of in situ obxrvations of thc plasmapauv
latitudc at thc POGO satcll~tcs
--.- -.-,
pu,,
.l.D.l-
rilbli8,l I .
p0035 ~ 7 6 3 3 7 8 8
The outcr mannctosohcrc. Part I: A multisatcllite
study of the magnctopaux position in relation with
POLAR CAPS
pOOl5 A75-36977 lonosphenc and magnctosphcnc elcctnc field some Important f l u d dynamlc parameters
PLASMA TURBULENCE strength mCasurcments in auroral and polar cap regions [LpS762-PT-i1 pOO35 N7633793
Charactenstics Of instabilities In the magnctosphcrc by B~ cloud and doubk floating probe technlqucs POSITRONS
deduced from wave observations pa003 ~72-39543 Rclativistic ekctron and positron intensity
Po023 A7641914 High latitude ckctnc f d d s and thc modulations dirtnbutions In intcrpianclary regions
PLASMA WAVES rclatcd to interplanetary magnctic f u l d parametcrs pOO31 N71-25288
On the local time dcpcndcna of the bow shock wave d m 5 A7614777 - _ POWER SPECTRA
structure Identifications of the polar Cap boundary and thc Stcady E L F plasmasphcric hiss. studying whistler
pa005 A7424759 auroral belt in the high-altitudc magnctosphcrc . A mode turbukncc. band Imitation. power spectra and
Plasma instability modes related to thc earths bow model for frld-ahgncd currents pcak intcnsitrs
shock poD14 A75-35007 pooo4 A73-26984
pOOl I A75-22774 ACRS of solar ckclrons to thc polar regions Thc cnhanament of solar wind fluctuations at thc
Plasmaflow hypothcsis In the magnetosphcrc relating pOOl5 A75-37031 proton thermal gyroradius
to frcqucncy shift of eknrostatic plasma waves High-latitude troughs and thc polar cap boundary pa112 ~75-27387
pool5 ~75-38275 Po0% A7622105 Exatation of magnctosonic waves w i t h discrctc
Ronecr 9 and OGO 5 observations of an Satcllilc obxrvation of thc mcsosphcnc r a t t c n n g
spcctrum in the cquatonal vinnity of the plasmapausc
interplanetary multiplc shock cnsembk on February 2, laycr and implicd climatic consequences
pOOl2 A75-27679
1969 Po022 A7639128 Thccnhanarncntof solar wind fluctuations with Jcak
Field-aligned currents obxrvcd by the OGO 5 and
pOO16 A7542744 SIX ncar the proton gyroradius
Triad satcllitcs
Charactenstics of instabilities in thc magnetosphere pm13 ~75.28038
dcduccd from wave obxrvations Po026 A77-17124
POLAR REGIONS On the causa of spectral enhanamcnts m solar wind
e 2 3 A7641914 P r o t o n mcasurernents i n nng currcnt by OGO-3 power spectra
A multi-satcllttc study of the nature of wavelike satcllitc comparcd with geomagnctic field data at low pOOm A76220111
structures in the magnctosphenc plasma PRESSURE
and high latitudes
[NASA-CR- 1436801 pOO33 N75-17877 Thcrmosphenc tcmpcraturc. density. and
pa002 A71-33663
PLASMA-ELECTROMAGNETIC I N T E R A C n O N High-latitude proton precrpilation and llght Ion composition Ncw models
A rclatron bctwccn ELF hiss amplitudc and plasma density profiles during the magnetic storm inma1 [NASA-CR- 1530491 pm35 ~ 7 7 . 2 ~ 4 8
dcnsity In the outcr plasmasphere phax PRIMARY r O S M l C RAYS
paooS A7430677 [NSSDC-lD-67-073A-I I-PM1 pooo4 A73451 14 Ongin and composition of heavy nuclei bctwccn 10
Magnetosphcrw chorus - Occurrence pdtterns and High latitude minor ion cnhanamcnts - A clue for and 60 MeV per nucleon dunng interplanetdry q u i d
normalind frequency studies of magnetosphere- atmosphere coupling t~mesIn 1968-1972
pW25 A77-16238 PmOa A75-12439 @I7 A7546822

VI-10
SUBJECT I N D E X SATELLITE OBSERVATION
Hysteresis of pnmary cosmic rays associated with RADIO ASTRONOMY Recent improvements in our knowledge of neutral
Forbush decreases Non-thermal p r m s v s dunng thc 'build-up' phase atmosphcrc S~NC~UE from satdlite drag
pOO22 A7635348 of solar flarcs and in a b x n a of flares mcasurements
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS pm26 A77-18572 IBMBW-W RK-2261 pooO5 A7423676
D c p c n d e n a of frld-aligncd c k t r o n prapitation Data user*s notes of thc rad80 astronomy cxpenmcnt Vanations in thermosphenc wmpovuon - A model
w u r r e n a on season and altitude aboard the O G O V spacecraft b a d on mass spcctromctcr and satellite dragdata
pooo7 A74-43679 [NASA-CR-I4W] poO34 N75-24593 pooW A7430667
PROPAGATION MODES RADIO A"ENUATKlN
Exosphenc temperature infencd from thc Aeros-A
The dominant mode of standing Alfvcn waves at thc Thc upper- and lowcr-frequency cutoffs of neutral composition measurcmcnt
synchronous orbit magnctosphencally rcllcaed whistkrs
@I7 A7546269
pOO17 A7546285 poO19 A7619854 SATELLITE OBSERVATION
Magnctoshcath lion roars -- strongest whistkr m& RADIO EMISSON
Non-relstivistr solar ckarons Ion density and elcaron a c a k r a t i o n rcgwn location
signals from satclhtc-born solar flare X - n y measurcmcnts
pOO22 A7633057 [ N S S D C - I ~ I ~ A ~ ~ J XpOm7 ] A7437631
Rclativistr c k r o n cvents in internlanetaw soace pooO3 ,472-32790
PROTOh BELTS R c a n t sateilite mcasuremcnts of the morphology and
Micropulsations and thc plasmapaux poob7 ~ 7 i . 3 i 6 3 2
Magnetospheric chorus - Amplitude and growth dynamics of thc plasmasphere
pm27 A77-21513 rate pooO3 A7?-13709
PROTONENERGY pm16 A7542748 Interpretation of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha measurements
Thc cnhanamcnt of solar wind fluctuations at the The local time vanation of ELF emisions dunng In Ihe upper gcocorona
proton thcrmal gyroradius penods of rubstom activity INSSDC-ID-684l4A-22-PMI pmOr A7319233
pOOl2 A75-27387 pCQ29 A77-31391 Correlation of 'satellite estimates' of thc equatonal
Obxrvations of protons with c n c r g r s c x d i n g IC@ RADIO SCATlFRlNG CktroJet intcnvty with ground obxrvations at Addis
kcV in thc e a r t h s magnetoshcath Comlatcd measurements of scintillations and in-sItu Ababa
pmm ~ 7 6 - 2 ~ ~ F-region
2 i m g u l a n t r s from OGO-6 pooo4 A73-31771
Modulation of low encrgy ckctrons and protons near poO25 A77-15786 High-latitudc proton precipitation and light ion
solar maaimurn The morphology of cquatonal i m u l a n t r s in the density p r o f i k s during the m a g n c t r storm initial
pOO21 A7626907 Afrc-Asian sector from &O 6 obxrv&ons phase
Short-term vanations of the wsmr-ray proton and pCQ28 A77-24016 INSSDC-lM7473A-I I-PMI pooo4 A73-45114
ekctron intensitrs in 1968 and 1969 RADIO SOURCES(ASTR0NOMY) Substorms in spa= - Thc comlation between ground
poO37 N77-84177 on the U u x s of Jpctral cnhanccmcnts In solar wind and satellitc obxrvations of thc magnetic fvld
PROTON FLUX DENSITY power s p f t r a
Proton measurements In nng current by O G O - 3 pooO5 A7414285
pmm ~ 7 6 2 m ~ i Detached plasma regions in thc magnctospherc
satellite compared with gcomagnctic f r l d data at low RAREFIED GASES
and high latitudes Exosphenc temperature infcrrcd from the Aeros-A pooo6 A74-m
neutral composition mcasuremcnt A relation bclwan ELF h i s amplntude and plasma
pa002 A71-33663
OGO 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - P a r t r k flux density in thc outer plasmasphere
poO17 A7546269
modulations RAY TRACING pooW A7430677
pOO30 A7742295 The upper- and lower-frcqucncy cutoffs of Dependcncc of frld-aligned ekctron prccipitation
PROTON PRECIPITATION magnctosphencally rckcted whistkrs o c m m n c c on season and altitude
High-latitudc proton prenpitation and light ion poO19 A7619854 pooO7 A7443679
density profiks during thc magnetic storm initial RED ARCS Plasma tail interpretations of pronounad detached
phax Vcrtml rcd line 6300 A distnbution and tropical plasma regions measurcd by Ogo 5
INSSDC-ID67473A-II-PMI pmOr A73-451 14 nrghglow morphology In quvt magnete mnditlons pooO7 A7443691
Correlated satcllitc mcasuremcnts of proton A7411523 Intensity vanation of ELF hiss and chorus dunng
prmpitation and plasma denvty - in mqnctosphere Is the rcd arc a good indicator of isolated substorms
pOW3 A75-16437 ionosphcrc-magnetosphercconditions INSSDC-ID-6SMSIA-22-PMI pa007 A7444202
PROTONS INSSDC-ID-6945iA42-PMl pOOO8 A75-I 1226 Magnetopause rotational forms
O G O A scintillation wunter to detect 3 to 90 McV RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS INSSDC-ID-ssol4A-15-PMJ pomS A75-11221
protons in solar cosmic rays Relativistic c k r o n events in interplanetary s p a a An upper limit to the product of N O and 0 densitrs
[NASA-CR-962781 pOO3l N68-33302 pa007 A7437632 from 105 to im km
REMOTE SENSORS INSSDC-ID-69-o5lA-26PM) pomS A75-11227
Rcmotc rnsing of the ionosphcnc F layer by use In-situ obxrvations of imgular ionosphcnc structure
of 0 1 6MOA and 0 I 1356A observations associated with thc plasmapause
RADAR MEASUREMENT @I4 A75-35040 pOOO8 A75-I1853
Variation with intcrplanctary sector of the total
Thcory of thc p h a x anomaly in the thcrmosphcre RESISTANCE HEATING
Magnctic dynamics thc thcrmosphcre magnetic field measurcd a t thc O G O 2, 4 and 6
--- radar temperature-ratcllitc drag density phase storm of
SatclllteS
differena pOOO8 A75-12453
pomS A75-12368
pa005 A7412645 RING CURRENTS
Diurnal variation of the neutral thcrmosohcnc winds P r o t o n mcasuremcnts In nng c u m n t by OGO-3 R e a n t advanas In cometary physics and chemistry
dctcrmincd from incoherent scatter radar data satcllitc compared with gcomagnctic f r l d data at low pOW3 A75-13176
and high latitudes Comlated satcllitc mcasuremcnts of proton
pmW A7436735 precipitation and plasma density --- in magnetosphere
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION pooO2 A71-33663
A search for solar wind velocity changes betwan Micropulsations and thc plasmapause pOW3 A75-16437
'Hisskrs' - Quasi-penodic (T approximately cqual to
0.7 and I au poO27 A77-21513
2 x c ) VLF n o w forms at auroral latitudes
pOO13 A75-28750 Empincal models of high-latitude c k t n c f r l d s
RADIANT FLUX DENSITY pOOO9 A75-16440
poO29 A77-27317 A search for solar ncutrons dunnn solar flares
Ekctron tcmperaturc and emission measures dunna OGO 3 and 5 observations of inner magnetosphere
solar X-ray flarcs. studying cffects of gradual and rapid
&IO A75-18717
and nng currents OGO-5 obxrvations of the magnetopause
radiation flux tncrcaxs
pa002 A7229722 ROTATING PLASMAS
pOO31 N73-17947 -."
A," A , < . , O , l A
Simultaneous particle and field observations of
Intensity vanation of k L F hiss and chorus dunng Magnetopause rotational forms frld-aligned currents --- In magnctosphere
isolatcd substorms [NSSDC-ID-68414A-15-PM] pmoS A75-11221 pOOll A75-19330
INSSDC-ID-6905IA-ZZ-PMl pooO7 A7444202 Differential rotation of the magnetosphcnc plasma Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow
RADIATION BELTS as cause of the Svalgaard-Mansurov c l f a t --- shock --- carth-solar wind Interaction
A study of ekctron spectra In the Inner belt relationship betwan geomagnetic vanabks and IMF @I2 A75-23707
poO24 A76-44653 polanty A global magnetic anomaly map
Magnctosphcnc chorus pOOl2 A75-24043
pOO14 A75-35036
pOO33 N75-22959 Dynamics of Mid-latitude light ion trough and plasma
RADIATION DISTRIBUTION tails
Solar radiation asymmctncs and hellospheric g a s
heating influcnnng cxtratemstnal UV data S @I12
The cnhanamcnt of solar wind fluctuations at the
A75-27383
pOW3 A75-13173 proton thermal gyroradius
Rtch angk distnbutions of cnergetic ckctrons In the SAN MARCO 3 SATELLITE poOl2 A75-27387
equatonal regions of the outer magnctosphcre - OGO-5 Comparison of thc San M a r c o 3 Nacc ncutral Excitation of magnctosonlc waves wlth discretc
obxrvations composition data with thecxtrapolatcd Ogo 6cmpincal spectrum in the cquatonal vicinity of thc plasmapause
pOOl I A75-22759 modcl --- Neutral Atmosphcric Composition
Experimcnt
Po012 A75-27679
RADIATION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Ion wmposltion imgulantrs and
Ultraviokt solar cncpy survey on O G G 6 poO2l A7626524 ionosphere-plawnasphere couplmg - Observations of a
[NASA-CR- I5soS8] pOO37 N77-86268 SATELLITE DRAG high latitude ion trough
RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION Theory of thc phase anomaly in thc thcrmosphcre A xarch for solar wind velocitypOO13 changesA75-28356
betwmn
Tropical UV arcs Companson of bnghtncss with f --- radar temperature-satellite drag density phase
sub 0 F sub 2 differcna 0.7 and I au
pOO37 N77-86006 pa005 A74-12645 pOO13 A75-28750

VI-11
SATELLITE-BORNE INSTRUMENTS SUBJECT INDEX
Currcntdnvcn plasma instabilities at high latitudes High-latitude nitnc oxide in the lower Global atom%hydrogcn dcnsity dcnvcd from OGO-6
--- Ogo-5 o k r v a t i o n s thcrmosphcrc Lyman-alpha mcasurcmcnts
pOO14 A75-3SmS pm2n ~77.23222 pm21 ~ 7 6 2 8 9 8 n
A rewcw of In situ obxrvauons of the plasmapaux A multt-satellite study of thc naturc of wavclikc Tnggcnng of substorms by solar wind
pOOl5 A75-MY77 structures in thc magnctosphcnc plasma dixontinuitKs
Probing the plasmapausc by gcomagnctic [NASA-CR-1436801 poO33 N75-17877 pOO26 A77-21093
pulsations Global exosphcnc tcmpcraturcs and dcnsitics undcr
SCATTERING CROSS SECTIONS
poOl5 A75-36982 activc solar wnditions
Obxrvations from thc Orbiting Geophysical
Satellite mcasurcmcnt, of nitnc oxldc in thc polar pOO28 A77-25183
Obxrvatory 6 of mcsosphcnc alrglow and r a t t c n n g
rcgion SOLAR CELLS
layers
pOO17 A 7 5 4 2 8 9 Thc Enninennp design of thc Orbitina - Gcovhvsrcal
. .
Propcrtlcs of E L t clatromagnctic wavcs i n and
SCINTILLATION
@33 N75-19882
Obxrvatoncs - -
abovc thc earth’s ionosphcrcdcduad from plasma wave [NSSDC-ID-&O54AdcrPc] pooOl A63-21528
Modcl of equatorial scintillations f r o m in-situ SOLAR CORONA
cxpcnmcnts on thc OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satcllitcs
measurements -- b a x d on ffi0-6 obxrvcd F region Solar flare tnggcr mcchanism. proposing inncr corona
pOOl8 A7616507
A cornpanson of cknnc and mamctic f u l d data from irrcgulanty thcrmal runaway of radiativc powcr function
poO25 A77-12057 pooOl A71-12761
thc f f i O 6 spaacraft
pOOl8 A7616514 Correlated rneasuremcnts of snntillations and in-situ SOLAR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
OGOa obxrvations of 5577 A --- airglow F-region irrcgulantlcs from f f i 0 - 6 Non-relativistic solar ckctrons
mcasurcmcnts poO25 A77-15786 [NSSDC-ID-68al4AW-OS] pooO7 A7437631
pOO19 A7618436 Thc morphology of cqualonal imgulantics in thc A search for solar neutrons dunng solar narcs
Polar enhancements of nightglow cmIssIons ncar Afrc-Asian sector from ffiO 6 obxrvations poOl0 A75-18717
6230A pOO28 A77-24016 Solar partick cvcnts with anomalously largc rclativc
pOO19 A 7 6 I W 1 3 SCINTILLATION CDUYTERS abundana of Hc-3
Satcllitc mcasurcmcnts of high-altitude twilight ffi0-A snntillation counlcr to dctcct 3 to YO McV pOO13 A75-34018
Mg(plus) cmission protons In solar m i m i c rays SOLAR COSMIC RAYS
pOO19 A7619839 [NASA-CR-96278] pOO31 N6U-33302 Solar cncrgcbc partick cvcnt with Hc-3fHc4 grcatcr
Bchavior of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttimc SHOCK WAVE INTERACTION
than I
emissions dunng a stratosphcnc warming Thc carths bow shock finc strunurc pmoS A75-15342
pOO20 A7622490 poOl I A75-19138
On thc qurt-time incrcaxs of low cncrgy cosmic ray SHOCK WAVE PROFILES ffi0-A xintillation counter to dctcct 3 to 90 MeV
ekctrons protons In solar cosmic rays
Earth collisionkss plasma bow shock obliquc [NASA-CR-962781 pOO31 N68-33302
pOO2l A7626886 structure a-mcnt by pulsation indcr I p dcviscd from
Satcllitc mcasurcmcnts of i o n composition and Solar W m i c ray obxrvations dunng 1969
cmpincal results [MDAC-WD- 14481 poO37 N78-70785
tcmpcratures in thc topsidc ionosphcrc dunng mcdium
pOm3 A 7 2 4 5 1 1 SOLAR CYCLES
solar actlwty
On thc local timc dcpcndcna of thc bow shock wave North-south asymmctncs in thc thcrmosphcrc during
poO2l A7628486
Satcllitc observation of thc mcsosohcnc scatlcnnp Structurc the liri rninrniirn nf the wlir ~ y r l c
laycr and implKd climatic conxqucnas pa005 A7424759 pmoS A75-16449
pOO22 A7639128 SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION Thc solar cyck vanation of thc solar wind helium
ORO 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 wavcs - Structurc of thc quasi-pcrpcndicular laminar bow abundance
Ground-magnctosphcre corrclations shock --- earth-solar wind mtcraction [NSSDc-ID-se-ol4A-l7-OS] pOOl0 A75-I6631
a0024 A77-11219 poOl2 A75-23707 SOLAR ELECTRONS
Modcl of cquatonal scintillations from in-situ Collisionkss shock wavcs in space - A vcry high bsta Non-relatiwate solar ckctrons
mcasuremcnts --- b a d on ffi0-6 obxrvcd F rcgion s t ~ c t u r c-- solar wind mcasuremcnts [NSSDC-ID-ssol4A-cU-OS] pooO7 A7437631
Irrcgulanty poOl4 A75-3-3 A u r s s of solar c k t r o n s to thc polar rcgions
poO25 A77-12057 h o n e r 9 and f f i O 5 obxrvations of an pOOl5 A75-37031
O G O - 4 obscrvationr of the ultravBoIct auroral intcrplanctary multipk shock c n x m b k on Fcbruary 2. Angular dstnbvtions of solar protons and
spcctrum I969 ckctronr
poO25 A77-16243 pOOl6 A7542744 pOOl6 A7541605
Charancnstics of cosmic X-ray bursts obxrvcd with Shocks. solitons and thc plasmapaux Non-thermal p r a r s x s dunng the ‘build-up’ p h a x
thc f f i 0 - 5 satcllite pOO27 A77-21504 of solar flares and in abscna of flarcs
pOO26 A77-16850 SHOCK WAVES pOO26 A77-18572
Plasma instability modcs relaud to the carth’s bow Analysis of proton and ckclron spsctromctcr data
Multipk-satcllitc studus of magnetosphcnc
shock
substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet from f f i 0 - 5 spaacraft
poO26 A77-16869 pOOl I A75-22774 [NASA-CR- I420781 poO32 N75-17020
Structurc of a quasi-paralkl. quasi-laminar bow
Structure of ckctrodynamic and p a r t r k h a t i n g an ffi0-5 expcnment E 0 9 cosmic ray ckctrons
shock
thc disturbed polar thcrmosphcrc [NASA-CR- 1446681 e 34 N75-32995
pm28 ~77.23220
pOO27 A77-23201 Thc magnetopaux Pan I MUltlsatcllltc SOLAR FLARES
Multipk satcllilc obxrvations of pulsation rcsonana simultancous obscrvalions of bow shock and Solarnarc tnggcr mcchanism. proposing inncr corona
r e thc magnctosphcrc
s t r u ~ t ~ in magnetopaux positions thcnnal runaway of radiativc powcr function
~10027 A77-23205 [LPs75.23-PT. II pOOW N7633787 A71-I2761
Compansons of ionogram and O G O 6 satellitc SICYAI. T R A W W I S I O \ Cntiquc on cxistcna of onc h u n d d million dcgra
obxrvations of small-scak F region Inhomogcncitrs Thc thcory of V L F Doppkr signatures and thcir K solar narc plasma
pOOD A77-23211 rclation 10 magnctorphcnc dcnsity SLNCtUrc pooOl A71-20934
Structure of a quasi-paralkl. quaa-laminar bow pOO23 A7639145 Magnctic ficlds. bremsstrahlung and synchrotron
shock SODIUM cmisston in impulsivc flare of 24 Oaobcr 1969
p0020 ~77-23220 k h a v i o r of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttimc pOm2 A7143849
AEROS A atomic orygcn profiks c o r n p a d with cmissions dunng a stratosphcnc warming Thermal plasma ongm of solar X-ray cmission and
thc ffiO 6 modcl ~ 0 3 2 0 A7622490 far U V flash obxrvation dunng 28 August 1% proton
pOO28 A77-23987 SOLAR ACTIVITY flare
Expcnmcntal global modcl of thc cxosphcnc Solar activity study b a x d on solar X-ray spcctra pa002 A72-M013
tsmpcraturc b a d on mcasurcmcnls from thc observation. considcnng flare mcchanism Ekctron tcmpcraturc and emission measurcs dunng
Fabry-Pcrot intcrfcromctcr on board thc O G O - 6 pooUl A7016719 solar X-ray flarcs, studying effats of gradual and rapid
satcllilc - Dwussion of thc data and propcrtus of thc Global cxosphcnc tcmpcratures and dcnsitlcs undcr radiation flux incrcaxs
modcl activc solar conditions -- mcasurcd by OG0.6 pOm2 A72-29722
pOO29 A77-34901 [NASA-CR- 1453941 N7610610 Ion dcnsity and ckctron awrkralion rcgion location
Solar msmr ray obxrvatlons dunng 1969
OGO 5 obxrvauons of Pc 5 waver . Partick flux from satclliu-borne solar f l a x X-ray measurements
modulations [MDAC-WD-1448] ~ 0 3 3 7 ~78-70785 pooO3 A72-32790
SOLAR A C T I W N EFFECTS
pOO30 A7742295 Rclatwstic ckclron cvcnts In lntcrplanclary spaa
lonosphcnc E-laycr formation, invaligatmg r o k of
Magnetic anomaly map of North Amcnca south of pOm7 A7437632
solar X-ray control by ckctron production ratc and
M degrees north from Pogo data Solar cncrgctc partick cvcnt with Hc-3f Hc-4 grcatcr
dcnsity calculations
[NASA-TM-X-7 12291 pOO35 N77-13587 than I
pOml A7034943
SATELUTE-DORNE INSTRUMENTS Obxrvalions of protons with cncrgrs cxacdmg 100 pmoS A75-15342
Hyslcrcar of pnmary cosmic rays auociatcd with kcV in thc earth’s magnctoshcath A u r k r a l i o n of ckctronr in abxncc of dctsctablc
Forburh dcncaxs
pOOm A7621092 o p u u l flarcs dcduad from t y p 111 radio bursts. H
@I22 A7635348 Modulation of low cncrgy ckctronr and protons ncar alpha activity and soft X-ray cmission
Frld-aligncd currents obxrved by the OGO 5 and solar maximum [NSSDC-IIXSOl4A-cU-W pmoS A75-16217
Tnad satcllilcs pOO2l A7626907 A search for solar ncutrons dunng solar flarcs
poO26 A77-17124 Salcllltc mcasurcmcnts Of i o n cornpositton and poOl0 A75-18717
Dclaikd analysls of magnctosphcnc ELF chorus - tcmpcraturcs in thc topsidc ionosphere dunng medium Solar partick cvcnts with anomalously large relative
preliminary resu~ts solar activity abundana of Hc-3
pOO27 A77-21523 Po021 A76284116 @I3 A75-34018

VI-12
 SUBJECT INDEX STRATOSPHERE
Impulsive solar flare X-rays greater than 10 Lev and The earth’s bow shock fine structure Thermal and nonthermal interpretations of flare
some charactenstics of cosmic gamma-ray bursts pOOll A75-19138 X-ray bursts
pOOl4 A75-35537 Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow pOO17 A7610136
impulsive /Clash/ p n a x of solar flares - Hard X-ray. shock --- canh-solar wind mteraction Non-thermal prmsscs during the ‘build-up’ p h a x
microwave, E U V and optical obxrvations pa012 A75-23707 of solar flares and i n a b x n a of flares
pOOl5 A75-37352 The enhancement of solar wind fluctuations at the
pOO26 A77-18572
proton thermal gyroradius
Slow X-ray bursts and flares with filament A n a l y s i s o f O G O S a n d O S 7 X-ray data -- physrcal
disruption pOOl2 A75-27387 nature of solar flares
pOO16 A7543792 Instabilities connected with neutral sheets i n the solar
mnd [NASA-CR-142131] pOO32 N75-17277
Thermal and nonthermal interpretations of flare Slow X-ray bursts and chromosphcnc flares w i t h
X-ray bunts @I3 A75-28015
filament disruption
Vanation of the solar wind flux wlth heliographic
pOO17 A7610136 [NASA-CR-14215 I] pOO3.2 N75-17281
latitude. deduced from its interaction m t h
Non-thermal proasses dunng the ‘build-up’ p h a x Solar X-ray studies
interplanetary hydrogen
of solar flares and i n absence of flares [NASA-CR- 1421641 pOO33 N75-18144
pOO13 A75-28032
pOO26 A77-I8572 Theenhanamenlofsolarw~ndfluctuationswith scnk SOLITARY WAVES
Analysisof OGO5 and OSO-7X-ray data --- physical slzc near thc proton gyroradius Shocks, solitons and the plasmapause
nature of solar flares pOO27 A77-21504
pOO13 A75-28038
[NASA-CR- I4213 I] pOO32 N75-17277 Collisionkss shock waves m space - A very hi$h beta SPACE DEBRIS
Slow X-ray bursts and chromosphenc flares w i t h structure --solar wind measurements Reduction and analysis of data from cosmic dust
filament disruption pOO14 A75-35003 experiments on Mariner 4, OGO 3, and Lunar Explorer
[NASA-CR- I42 I5 I] pOO32 N75-17281 Ronar 9 and OGO 5 obxrvattons of an 35
Solar X-ray studvs interplanetary multipk shock c n x m b k on February 2. [NASA-CR- 1388661 pOO32 N74-29255
[NASA-CR-142 1641 pOO33 N75-18144 1969 SPACEEORNE ASTRONOMY
SOLAR FLUX pOO16 A7542744 Variation o f the solar wind flux with heliographic
Relation of solar wind fluctuations lodifferential flow Evldcna for magnetic field llnc reconnection in the latitude. deduced from its interaction with
betwan protons and alphas solar wind interplanetary hydrogen
pOO13 A75-28004 @I7 A75-46238 pOO13 A75-28032
SOLAR HEATING The r o k of Coulomb collisions i n limiting differential
The interpretations of ultraviokt observations of
Solar radiation asymmctrus and hchosphcnc I P S flow and temperature ddfexnas in the solar wind
comets
heating influcnnng cxtratemstnal UV data pOO19 A7619838
pOO22 A7631317
SOLAR LONGITUDE
m A75-13173 Tnggcnng
dirontinuities
of substorms by solar wind
Non-thermal p r m s x s during the ‘build-up’ phase
of solar flares and in absence o f flares
Solar radiation asymmetncs and hcliospheric gas pOO26 A77-21093
heating influencing cxtratemstnal U V data High latitudc ionospheric winds related to pOO26 A77-18572
solar-interphmury conditions Hard X-ray spectra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts
A75-13173
SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD pOO32 N74-29091 pOO30 A78-10580
Magnetic fields. bremsstrahlung and synchrotron The mynetopaux Part I Multisatelllte Data uxr’s notes of the radio astronomy experiment
emission i n rmpulsive flals of 24 October I969 smultancoua obrrvations of bow shock and aboard the O G O V spacecraft
pa002 A7143849 magnetopux positions [NASA-CR- 1436961 poOW N75-24593
SOLAR PHYSICS [LPs75-u-FT-I] @034 Nl633787 SPACFKRAFT DESIGN
Long-term solar modulation of cosmic-ray ckctrons SOLAR WIND V E l D C l T Y The Engineering design of the Orbiting Geophysical
with energus above 0 5 GcV Thc solar cyde vanatmn of the solar wind helium ObYnatorin.
pOO37 N77-84176 abundance [NSSDC-ID-64-054A4CrPCl pa001 A63-21528
SOLAR PROMINENCES ~NSSDC-ID-ssol4A-17-0Sl pOOl0 A75-16631 SPECIFIC HEAT
Slow X-ray bunts and flares with filament Rclatlon of solar wind fluctuatlonsto differenttal flow The magnetopause. Part I: Multiutellite
disruption bctrocn protona and alphas simultaneous observations of bow shock and
pOO16 A7543792 pOO13 A75-28a)( magnetopause positions
SOLAR PROTONS A search for solar n n d vcloflty changes betwan [LPs75-23-PT-I] pOO34 N7633787
Thermal plasma ongin of solar X-ray emisuon and 07andIau SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
far U V flash observationdunng 28 August 1966proton pOO13 A75-287% Polar enhancements of nightglow emissions near
flare On t h e cauxs of spectral cnhanaments In solar wind 62MA
pomZ A72-20013 power spectra pOO19 A761W13
Relation of solar w n d fluctuatlons to differentlal flow pOO20 A7622081 Energetic ekctrons in the inner belt in IWB
bctwan protons and alphas SOLAR X-RAYS pOO22 A7635289
pa013 A75-28004 Solar activity study b a d on solar X-ray spectre SPECTROMETERS
The enhancement of solar wind flucluatlons with scnk observation, consldcnng flare mechanism Analysis of proton and ekctron spectrometer data
SIX near Ihc proton gyroradius pa001 A7016719 from OGOS spacecraft
pOO13 A75-28038 lonosphcnc E-layer formation, investigating r o k of [NASA-CR-l42018] poO32 N75-17020
Angular distnbutlons of solar protons and solar X-ray w n t r o l by c b r o n production rate and A study of the heat flux reversal -ion upstream
ckctrons dcnsity calculations from the earth’s bow shock, using data from the OGO
pOO16 A7541805 pa001 A7034943 5 electron spectrometer
Solar c o m i c ray obxrvatlons dunng I969 Solar low energy X-ray spctra obxrvation dunng pOO35 N78-11543
[MDAC-WD- 14481 pOO37 N78-70785 impuluve bunts, discussing thermal and nonthermal SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
SOLAR RADIATION emiston propcrtvs V c r t k l red lim 6300 A distributlon and t r w i c a l
Solar radiation asymmetncs and hcliosphcric gas pa002 A714W25 nightglow morphology in quiet magnetic conditions
heating influcnong extratemrtnal U V data Thermal plasma ongin of solar X-ray emisuon and pmM A7411523
paooS A75-13173 far U V flash obxrvation dunng 28 August 1966 proton SPREAD F
SDLAR RADIO BURSTS narc Comparisons of lonogram and OGO 6 satellite
Solar low energy X-ray spectra observation dunng pa002 A72-20013 observations of small-xak F region mhomogcneitrs
impulsive bursts. dixurung thermal and nonthermal Ekctron temperature and emission measures dunng pOO28 A77-23211
emission propertvs solar X-ray flarss. studying cffsctr o f gradual and rapid Vanational ekctnc fulds at low latitudes and thcir
pa002 A71-25 rpdiatron flux increases relation to spread-F and plasma irregularities
SOLARSPECI’RA pa002 A72-29722 pOO29 A77-34326
Solar activity study b a d on solar X-ray spectra Ion density and ekctron aackration region location STANDING WAVES
obxrvalion. considcnng flare mechanism from satellite-born solar flare X-ray measurements Tbc dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the
pa001 A7016719 synchronous orblt
pa003 A72-32790
Solar low energy X-ray spectra observation dunng pOO17 A75-46285
Non-relativirtu solar c b r o n s
impulsive bursts. dixusslng thermal and nonthermal STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
[NSSDC-ID-skol4A~Sl pa007 A7437631
cmission propertvs Dependence of the magnetopause position on the
Relativistic c M r o n even& in interplanetary spaa
pa002 A 7 1 4 4 2 5 southward interplanetary magnetic f r l d
pa007 A7437632
Ultraviokt solar energy survey on OGO.6 @OOS A75-12370
A c a k r a t i o n of ekctrons in absence of dclsftabk STATISTICAL CORRELATION
[NASA-CR- I 5 5 ~ 8 8 1 pOO37 N77-86268
SOLAR TEMPERATURE o p t m l flares deduced from type 111 radm bunts. H Ogo 5 obxrvattons of R 5 waves
Cnlique on existence of one hundred million dcgra alpha activity and soft X-ray emision Ground-magnetosphere correlations
K solar flare plasma [NSSDC-lD-68-Ol4AXU-PSl A75-16217 pOO24 A77-11219
pa001 A71-20944 Impulsive solar flare X-rays greater than IO kcV and STRATOSPHERE
SOLAR W I N D some charactenstics of cosmK gamma-ray bunts Behavior of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttime
Dependcna of the magnetopause position on the pOOl4 A75-35537 emissions dunng a stratosphenc warming
southward interplanetary magnet% f v l d Impulsive /flash/ p h a a of solar flares - Hard X-ray, pOO20 A7622490
@OOS A75-12370 microwave. EUV and optical observations The e l f a t of cxtraterrestrial dust. stratospheric
The solar wind and magnetosphcnc dynamics pOOl5 A75-37352 warmings. and lower tbermosphenc prsvure systems
pOOl0 A75-19127 Slow X-ray bursts and flares with filament on OGW measured nlghtglows in the earth’s
OGG5 obxrvatrons of the magnetopause dwruption atmosphere (80 to I O 0 km)

I @IO AX-19134 @0l6 A1543792 pOO31 N74-26848

VI-13
STRUCTURES SUBJECT I N D E X
Satellite obxrvations of thc global distribution of Expcnmcntal modcl of thc crosphcnc tcmperaturc T I M E DEPENDENCE
stratosphcnc ozone b a x d on optical measurements on board thc OGO 6 On the local timc dependena of thc bow shock wave
poO36 N78-I2583 satCI1IIC SINCIYTC
STRUCIWRES poO23 A7642390 pooO5 A7424759
The outer magnctorphcrc Part 3 Simultaneous TERRESTRIAL RADIATION T I M E RESPONSE
multisatellite obxrvations of thc magnctopaux Low-cncrgy radio emissions from thc earth and sun Gcomagnctic storm effects on the thermosphere and
[LPs7t-4-PT-2] pm35 N7633795 -- solar type 3 bursts the ionosphere revealed by in situ mcasurements from
SUDDEN ENHANCEMENT O F ATMOSPHERICS poo33 N75-20195 OGO 6
E L F hiss associated with plasma density T H E R M A L EMISSION poO25 A77-16240
enhanamcntr in thc outer magnetosphcre Solar low cncrgy X-ray spcctra observation dunng TROPICAL REGIONS
pOO22 A7632058 impulsive bursts. dixussing thermal and nonthcrmal Proton mcasurements in nng current by O G O - 3
SUDDEN S r O R M COMMENCEMENTS cmissslon propcrtus ratelllte comDarcd wlth - -
RCOmaRnctIC f u l d data at low
Magnctosphcnc substorm associated w i t h SC --- pmO2 A71-40425 and high l a t i h c s
sudden wmmcnamcnts at OG05 T H E R M A L ENERGY pooO2 A71-33663
poOll A75-22613 Vertical red linc 6M0 A distnbution and tropical
Thermal and nonthcrmal interpretations of flare
nightglow morphology in quKt magnetic conditions
Tnggcnng of substorms by solar wind X-ray bursts
pOllO4 A74-11523
dixontinuitvs pal17 A7610136
A n cxpIanatwn of thc longitudinal vanation of thc
poO26 A77-21093 T H E R M A L PLASMAS O I D (6x1 nm) tropical nightglow intcnsrly
SUMMER Thermal plasma ongin of solar X-ray emission and
poO19 A7621456
Noctiluant clouds in daytime - Circumpolar far U V flash obscrvation dunng 28 August 1966 proton Tropical F rcgion winds f r o m 0 I 1356-A and
particulate layers near the summer mesopaux flare forbidden 0 I 6 K G A emissions If - Analvsis of OGO
pmO3 A7242515 pmO2 A72-M013 4 data
SUNRISE Magnctosphcnc thermal plasma and hydrogen cation 00023 A76426U3
V L F propagation in thc magnetosphcrc dunng density profik charactcnstics in different local timc The tcmpcrature g r a d v n l dnft instability at the
sunnse and sunxt hours regions crplaincd by tunc-varying convs~tionmodcl equatorward cdgc of the ionosphcnc plasma lrouph
pall8 A7614838 pmO3 A73-13879 poO24 A7642697
SUNSET A revicw of in situ obxrvations of the plasmapaux Model of equatorial scintillations from in-situ
V L F propagation in the magnetosphere during poOl5 A75-36977 mcarurcments --b a x d on O G 0 6 obxrvcd F region
sunnse and sunset hours High-latitude troughs and the polar cap boundary incgulanty
@I8 A7614838 pmm ~ 7 6 2 2 1 0 5 poO25 A77-12057
SUNSPOT CYCLE THERMOSPHERE Thc morphology of cquatonal irregulantur in the
Hysteresis of pnmary cosmic rays associated with Theory of the phase anomaly in the thcrmosphcrc Afro-Asidn~xcto;~fromd c O 6 obxrvations
Forbush dccrcaxs --- radar tcmpcraturc-satcllitc drag density p h a x poOis ~77.24016
m 2 2 A7635348 difference M agnctic storm cffccts on the tropical ~ltraviolet
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION pmO5 A7412645 airglow
Magnclic ficlds. bremsstrahlung and synchrotron R m n t improvements in our knowkdgc of neutral dll?Q A77-?7118
rmission in impulrivc flare of 24 October 1969 atmosphcrc structure from satellile drag Vanational ekctnc fulds at low latitudes and their
pmOZ A7143849 measurements relation to spread-t and plasma irrcgulantlcs
SYNOPTIC MEASUREMENT [BMBW-WRK 2261 pmO5 A7423676 poO29 A77-34326
The global charactenstics of atmosphcnc cmissslons Vanations in thcrmosphcnc composition A modcl Dctcrmination of tropical t -region winds f r o m
in the lower thcrmosphcrc and their acronomic based on mass spectrometcr and satellite drag data atomic oxygen airglow cmissslons
implications pooo6 A7430667 poOW N7610603
@I6 A7542726 Diurnal vanation of thc n ~ u t r dthcrmosphenc
l winds T W I L I G H T G I D W
txperimcntal global model of the exospheric detcrmrncd from incohcrcnt x a l l c r radar data Satellite mcasurcmcnls of high-altitudc twilight
temperature bavd on measurements from the pooo6 A7436735 Mg(plur) cmission
Fabry-Perot intcrleromelcr on board the O G O - 6 rhcrmosphcnc 'temperatures --- dixrcpancies in pOOlY A76-19839
satellite - Discussion of the data and propcrticr of the inferred and satcll~lcmcarurcd values Thc intensity vanation of thc atomic oxygen red line
model pmO7 A7436747 dunng morning and evening twilight on 9-10 A p r i l
@OB A77-34901 Magnctic storm dynamics of the thcrmosphcre 1969
pooOa A75-12453 pm21 ~ 7 6 2 m m
North-south asymmctms in the thermosphere dunng TYPE 3 BURSTS
T thc last maximum of thc Iolar cycle Accckration of ckctronr in abxnce of detcctabk
Porn, A75-16449 optical flares deduced from typc 111 radio bursts. H
TELEMETRY Thc global charactenstics of atmosphcnc emw.Bons alpha activity and soft X-ray emission
The Enginecnng design of thc Orbiting Geophysical in the lower thermosphere and their acronomic [NSSDC-lD-WI4A4l&PS] pooOr A75-16217
ObYrvatonCs implications O G O V rad- burst analysis --- h alpha linc
[NSSDC-fD-644s4A~PC] pmOl A63-21528 pa016 A7542726 [NASA-CR-142232] e 3 3 N75-I9114
TELLURIC CURRENTS S~NC~UIC of electrodynamic and particlc heating tn Low-cncrgy radio emissions from thc earth and run
H i g h latitude ekctnc fKlds and thc modulations thc undisturbed polar thermosphere --- solar typc 3 bursts
related to intcrplanetary magnetic f u l d parameters @IS A7614318 pm33 N75-20195
pooO5 A7414272 Dynamical effects in thc distnbution of helium in
TEMPERATURE thc thermosphere
Thermospheric
composition New models
temperature, density, and pa024 ~ 7 7 - 14x9
Gcomagnctic storm cffects on the thermosphere and
I U
[NASA-CR- 1530491 poO35 N77-23648 Ihc ionosphcre revealcd by In situ mcasuremcnts from ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOMETRY
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBCTION OGO 6 Global a t o m r oxygen density dcnvcd from OGC-6
Density and temperature distnbutrons in Po025 A77-16240 1301 A airglow mcasuremcnts
non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres wlth SINClUrC of clcclrodynamic and partick heating in poO2l A7628989
applications to eanh the disturbed polar thermosphere ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
pooO5 A7414224 ~ 0 0 2 7 A77-23201 Tropical U V arcs Companson of bnghtncss with f
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS Hlgh-latnlude nitnc oxide nn the lower sub 0 F sub 2
Solar flaretriggermechanlam.propoalnginnercorona thermosphere pOO37 N77-LIMX)6
thermal runaway of radiative power function pm2s ~77.23222 Ultraviolet solar energy SUNCY on O G 0 6
pooOl A71-12761 A global thcrmosphenc modcl based on mass
[NASA-CR- I5SOa81 Po037 N77-86268
Observed vanations of the erosphcric hydrogen spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSlS 1 - N 2
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
density with the crospheric temperature density and temperature
Thc interpretations of ultrawolct observations of
poOl2 A75-23721 @JOB A77-37153 comcts
TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS A global thcrmosphenc madel b a x d on mass
poO22 A7631317
The temperature g r a d ~ n between
t 100 and 120 km spectromctcr and incohcrrnt scatter data MSlS I I -
Composition
O G O - 4 observations of thc ultraviolet auroral
poOl8 A7616501 spectrum
The temperature gradunt dnft ~nstabhtyat the poO2Y A77-37154
The effect of extraterrestrial dust. stratosphenc pOO25 A77-16243
equatorward edge of the ionosphenc plasma trough
warmmgs. and lower thermosphenc pressure systems On the cometary hydrogen coma and far U V
poO24 A7W2697
on OGW mcasured nightglows in the earth's emission
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT pOO34 N76-21066
atmosphere (80 lo IMI km)
Neutral wind velocities calculated from temperature
measurements dunng a magnetlc storm and the pm31 ~ 7 4 - 2 w n ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMFTERS
Magnetically ordered heating in the polar reglons of Satellite measurements of hlgh-altitude twilight
obxrved ionosphcnc effects Mg(plur) emission
the thermosphere
pooo4 A73-36150 p m l Y A7619839
pOOW N75-32651
Thermosphenc 'temperatures' --- discrepancies i n Thermospheric tcmperaturc, densltv. and Hiph-latitude nitric oxide an the lower
inferred and satellite measured values composition New model\ thermorphcre
pmO7 A7436747 [NASA-CR-1530991 pm35 ~77-23648 pm2n ~77.23222

VI-14
 SUBJECT I N D E X X RAY SPECTROSCOPY
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY WHISTLERS
Satellite measurements of nitnc oxide i n the polar Noise signals in earth ma@nctosheathintcrpretcd as
region ekctromagnctic waves propagating In whistlcr modc
pool7 ~ 7 5 - w n 9 pOml A69-31985
UPPER ATMOSPHERE Steady E L F plarmasphenc htu, studymg w h m k r
High-latitude troughs and thc polar cap boundary modc turbulcncc, band hmimtion. powcr spectra and
poom ~76-2210s peak intcnsitus
Diurnal vanation of thermal plasma i n thc poaaC A73-26984
plasmasphere Magnctosphcnc chorus - Amplitude and g r o w t h
pal23 A7641210 ratc
Observations of hydrogen in the upper atmosphere pool6 A7542748
V L F propagation i n thc magnctosphcre dunng
poo24 ~ 7 7 - 1488
I
sunnse and sunset hours
UPPER IONOSPHERE
In-situ observations of irregular ionosphcnc S1NClUE pooia ~ 7 6 1 4 3 8
A new intcrpretation of subprotonosphenc whetkr
associated with the plasmapause charactcnstics
m A75-11853
poO:9 A7616522
High latitude minor ion cnhanamcnts - A clue for The upper- and lowcr-frequency cutoffs o f
studies of magnetosphcre- atmosphcrc coupling magnctosphencally refkaed whistkn
pOX@ A75-12439 m 1 9 A7619854
Satellite measurcmcnts of i o n composition and Magnctosheath lion roars - strongat whistlcr mode
temperatures m the topside ionosphere dunng medium signals
solar activity poO22 A7632057
poO2l A76-28486 Magnctosphenc chorus - Occurrence pattcrns and
Light ion and c k c t r o n troughs obscrvcd i n the normaliud frequency
mid-latitude topside ionosphere on two pasxs of OGO poO25 A77-I6238
6 compared to coincldcnt cquatonal ckctron density L i g h t i o n and clectron troughs obxrved In thc
deduced from whistlers mid-latitude topside ionosphere on two pasxs of OGO
~0030 A7742297 6 compared l o coincident cquatonal ckctron density
deduced from whistkrs
pCO30 A7742297
V WIDEBAND W M M U N I C A T I O N
Thc Enginffnng design of the Orbiting Geophysical
VELOCITY MEASUREMENT obxrvatoncs
A search for solar wind vclocity changes betwen [NSSDC-ID-64054A-WPC] pmOl A63-21528
0 7 and I au W I N D EFFECTS
pool3 ~75.211750 Vertical red line 6 M o A distribution and trooical
nightglow morphology in quiet magnetic conditions
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION
Vertical red line 6300 A distnbution and tropical pooo4 A74-11523
Dvnamical cffccts in the distribution of hclium In
nightglow morphology in quicl magnctic conditions
the [hermosphcre
p4W4 A74-11523
pOO24 A77-11489
Dependence of field-aligned ckctron precipitation W I N D PROFILES
occurrence on xason and altitude Diurnal vanation of the ncutral thermospheric winds
pmO7 A7443679 detcrminsd from incoherent ratter radar data
Altitude profilcs of thc pholockctron induced 0 I D poaod A7436735
(6300 A ) predawn enhancement by observation and F region wind components in the magnetic meridian
theory from OGO 4 tropical airglow observations
poo26 ~ 7 7 - m ~ poOll A75-22671
VERY H I G H FREQUENCIES W I N D VELOCITY
The morphology of equatorial irregularitus m the Neutral wind vcJocitIes calculated from temperaturc
Afro-Asian x c t o r from OGO 6 obscrvations measurements dunng a magnetic storm and the
pW28 A77-24016 obxrved ionosphcric effects.
VERY LOW FREQUENCIES poaaC A73-36150
'Hisslers' - Quasi-penodic (T approximately equal to Determination of IroDical F-renlon winds from
2 x c ) V L F noise forms at auroral latitudes atomic oxygen airglow cmisions
pmoS A75-16440 pa034 N76-10603
V L F and t L F emissions --- m magnetosphcre W I N D VELOCITY MEASUREMENT
pools ~75.36988 Tropical F region winds from 0 I 1356-A and
Magnetospheric chorus - Amplitude and g r o w t h forbidden 0 I6 m A emissions. I I -Analysis of OGO
rate 4 data
pool6 ~75-42748 pm23 ~ 7 6 - 4 x 8 3
V L t propagation In the magnetosphere dunng
sunnse and sunxt hours
Wl8 A7614838
The upper- and lower-frequency cutoffs of
x
magnetospherically reflected whistlers X RAY ASTRONOMY
pool9 A7619854 Solar activity study baxd on solar X-ray spectra
New results on the corrclation between lowsncrgy observation. considering flare mechanism
electrons and auroral hiss pooOl A7@16719
poom ~ 7 6 2 m 6 ImDulsive solar flare X-ravs . greatcr
_ than 10 kcV and
some charactenstics of cosmic gamma-ray bursts
pa014 A75-35537
W X RAY DENSITY MEASUREMENT
Slow X-ray bursts and flares with filament
WAVE EXCITATION disruption
txcitation of m a ~ n e t o ~ o n iwaves
c w i t h discrctc poO16 A75-43792
spectrum in thc equatorial vicinity of the plasmapause X R A Y S P E I T R A
pool2 A75-27679 Thcrmal and nonthermal interpretations of flare
WAVE I N T E R A a l O N X-ray bursts
Waves and wavc-partrlc interactions in the poO17 A7610136
magnetosphere - A rev~ew Hard X-ray spectra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts
pools ~ 7 6 1 2 2 7 2 pOO30 A78-10580
WAVE PACKETS X RAY SPECTROSCDPY
Magnetosheath lion roars --- strongest whistler modc Charactenstics of cosmic X-ray bursts observed with
t- signals the OGOS SatCllltC
poO22 A7633057 poO26 A77-16850
WAVE PROPAGATION
Instability phcnomcna In detached plasma regions
--- in magnctosphcrc
poO27 A77-21512
WAVE REFLECTION
A new interpretation of subprotonospheric whistler
charactenstics
@I9 A7616522

VI-15
 B. P E R S O N A L A U T H O R INDEX

Typical Personal Author Index Listing B BHAR,J N

Thc morphology of cquatonal irregulantics in Ihc
Afro-Asian s t o r from f f i O 6 observations
BAIXERASAIGUABELLA, C.
Short-term vanations of the cosmic-ray proton and @I28 A77-24016
PERSONAL AUTHOR 1 ckctron intensitus I n 1968 and 1969
BIERMANN, L
R e n t advances in cometary physics and chcmistry
pa037 N77-84177
MAYHEW. M . A . I pCW9 A75-13176
BALASIIBRAHMANYAN, V. K.
Magnettc anomaly map of North A m n c a south of
Solar par.ick events w l h anomaiously iargc reiativc
abundance of Hc-3 BIITENCI)URT. J A
[NASA-TM-X-7 12291 pa033 N77-13517 F region wind wmponcnts In thc magnetic mcndian
p a I l 3 A75-34018
BALASUBRAHNANYAN. V. K. from OGO 4 tropical airglow observations
Solar cncrgcticparticlc cvcnt with Hc-3/ H e 4 greater pOOll A75-22671
than I Tropical F region winds from 0 I 1356A and
pCW9 A75-15342 forbidden 0 I 6 3 W A emissions I I -Analysis of OGO
BARLIER, F. 4 data
North-south asymmclner In the thcrmosphcre dunng paI23 A7642683
thc last maximum of the solar cyck Determination of tropical F region winds from
Listings in this index are arranged alphabetically Porn, h75-I6449 alomic oaypcn airplow cmissions
BARTH, C. A. paI34 N76-10603
by personal author The title of the document
Satcllitc mcasurcmcnts of nitnc oxidc In thc polar
provides a brief description of the subject matter region
BLAMONT, J
Vanation of the solar wind flux with hcliographic
The report number helps to indicate the type paI17 A 7 5 4 2 8 9 latitudc. deduced from i t s interaction with
of document cited The page number identifies OGO-4 obscrvations of the ultraviolet auroral
intcrplanctary hydrogen
spectrum
the page in the abstract section (V) on which paI13 A75-28032
@I25 A77-16243
the citation appears while the accession num- High-latitudc nitnc oxide In thc lower
BLAMONT, J E
ber denotes the number by which the citation thcrmosphcre Noctilucent clouds in daytime - Circumpolar
is identified on that page Under each author's paI28 A77-23222 particulate layers near the summer mcsopause
BASU. S. pmO3 A7242515
name the accession numbers are arranged in M o d c l of equatorial scintillatnons from in-situ lnterpretatwn of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha mcasuremcnts
ascending alphanumeric order mcasurcmcnts i n thc upper pocorona
paI25 A77-12057 [NSSLX-ID-68414A-22-PMI pooM A73-19233
Modcl o f equatorial scintillations f r o m in-situ Vcrtical red line 6- A distnbution and tropical
mcasurcmcnts nightglow morphology in q u v t magnetic conditions
paI25 A77-12057 pooM A7411523
Comlatcd measurements 01 rclnlillations and in-situ Altitudc profiks of thc photocknron induced 0 ID
F-region imgulanties from ffim (6- A ) predawn cnhamrmcnt by observation and
A pOO25 A77-15786 thcOry
Comlalcd mcasuremcntsof scintillations and in-situ paI26 A77-20886
AKASOFU, F-region irrsgulantics from OGo-6
B0HN.J L
Dependence of thc latitudc of thc clcft on the paI25 A77-15786
Four years of dust partxlc mcasurcmcnts In cislunar
intcrplanctary magnetic f k l d and substorm acllvlty The morphology of equatorial irregularitvs in the
and seknoantnc space from Lunar Explorer 35 and
poom ~ 7 6 - 2 2 1 0 7 Afro-Asian sector from OGO 6 observations
OGO 3
ALCAYDE. D . @OB A77-24016 pooO2 A72-31937
A global thcrmosphcnc modcl based on mass Thc morphology of cquatonal irrsgulantics in the
spcctromctcr and incohcrcnt xattcr data MSIS. I - N 2 Afro-Asian sector from OGO 6 observations B0WYER.J M . J R
density and temperature paI28 A77-24016 O G 0 6 gassurlace energy transfer crpnmcnt
paI29 A77-37153 BAUER, P. [NASA-CR-l3%X??] pOO31 N74-25869
ALEXANDER, W . M .
North-south asymmclnes in thc thcrmosphcre dunng BRACE, L n
thc last maximum of the solar cyck 1s thc red arc a good indicator of
Four years of dust partick mcasuremcnts i n cislunar
pCW9 A75-16449 ionosphere-magnetosphere conditions
and seknoantnc space from Lunar Explorer 35 and
A global thcrmosphcnc modcl b a x d on mass INSSDC-lD4345lA42-PMI pOlO8 A75-11226
OGO 3.
spectrometer and incohcrcnl scatlcr data MSIS. I - N 2 BRECKENRIDCE, S L
pooO2 A72-31937
density and lcmpraturc Data user*snotes of the radio astronomy cxpcnmcnt
AMATA. E.
pOO29 A77-37153 aboard the O G O V spaacraft
Evidence for magnctic ficld line w o n n e c t ~ o nin ihc
B E D U N , P. J. [NASA-CR-14)6%1 pOOW N75-24593
solar wind
Long-term cosmic ray modulation in thc p c k d BRINll3N.H C
@I7 A754238 1 9 6 1 9 7 2 and inlcrplanctary magnctlc fulds A global thcrmosphcnc model b a x d on mass
ANDERSON, D . E., JR. poO23 A7639130 Ppctromctcr and incoherent r a t t e r data M S I S I I -
Global alomic hydrogen dcnsity derived from 0130.6 BERG, L. E. Composition
Lyman-alpha mcasuremcnts Comlated satellite mcasuremcnts of proton pOO29 A77-37154
paI2l A7628988 precipitation and plasma dcnsity
ANDERSON, D . N . Porn, A75-16437 BROWN, J W
Magnclic storm cffscls on thc l r o p i u l ultrawokt BERKO, F. W . Measurements of thc cosmic-ray %/B ratio and lhc
airglow Dependence of ficld-aligned ckctron precipitation agc of cosmic rays
pOO29 A77-27318 w u m n c e on season and allitudc pooo6 A7430187
ANDERSON, G. P. pOm7 A7443679 BROWN, P E
Satcllltc observations of lhc global distnbution of Simultancous parliclc and ficld observations of L i g h t I o n and electron troughs observed in ihc
stratosphcnc ozone field-aligned currenls mid-latitude topside ionosphcrc on two p a s s of ffiO
@OM N78-12583 pOOll A75-19330 6 compand to winndcnt cquatonal electron dcnsity
Fcaturcs of polar cusp e k d r o n preopitation deduced from whistkn
ANDERSON, K. A .
Characteristlcs of M ~ I C X-ray bursts observed wlth associated with a largc magnetic storm pOO30 A7742297
thc O G O 5 satcllite [NASA-TM-X-707921 paI32 N75-12873
BUCK, R M
pal26 A77-16850 BERTAUX, J . L.
Rtch angk distnbutions of cncrgctic clcclrons i n the
Expenmcntdataanalysis report. O G O A cxpcrimcnt Interpretation of Ogo 5 Lyman alpha mcasurements
cquatonal regwns of thc outer magnctosphcre .O G O 5
no. I in thc uppcr geocorona.
observations
[NASA-CR-96278] pOO31 N68-33302 [NSSDC-ID-68-014A-22-PM] pooM A73-19233
O b x n e d variations of thc cxosphcric hydrogen
paIll A75-22759
ARTHUR, C. W. Obxrvations of protons with cncrgrr cxcading I 0 0
Four years of dust partick mcasuremcnts In cislunar dcnsity with thc cxosphcnc lcmperaturc kcV i n thc earth's magnctoshuth
and seknoanlnc space from Lunar Explorer 35 and @I12 A75-23721 paIm ~ 7 6 2 m w
OGO 3. Observations of hydrogen in thc upper atmosphere Energetic ckctrons i n the inner bslt in I968
pa002 A72-31937 pa124 ~ 7 7 - 1 i a n pa122 ~ 7 6 3 5 2 n 9

VI-17
BULLOUCH, K PERSONAL A U T H O R INDEX
A study of ckctron spectra i n thc inner belt CHAPPELL, C R Thc tcmpcrature gradunt between 100 and I 2 0 km
poO24 A7644653 Recent salcllitc measurementsof the morphology dnd O G G 6 observations of 5577 A poOlS A7616501
BULLDUGH, K dynamics of thc plasmasphcrc
V L F and t L t emissions pmO3 A73-13709 poO19 A7618436
poOl5 A75-36988 Thcrmal ions in the magnclosphcrc DRYER, M
BLIRCH.J L pooO3 A73-13879 R o n a r 9 and OGO 5 obxrvations of an
Ekctron precipitation pattcrns and substorm Detached plasma regions in the magnctosphcrc insrplanctary multiple shock ensemble on Ccbruary 2,
morphology pooo6 A74-30660 1969
[NSSDC-ID67-073A-I I-PMI pooo4 A73-33434 Current-dnvcn plasma instabilities at high latitudes poO16 A7542744
High-latitudc proton prccipilalton and Ilght ion DUMMER, R S
poO14 A75-3M05
dcnslty profiles during the magnctic storm initial f f i 0 - 6 gas-surface energy transfer cxpcnment
CHEN, A J
phase Plasma tail interprctalions of pronounad dctachcd [NASA-CR- I39OO91 po031 ~ 7 ~ 2 5 8 6 9
[NSSDC-lD-67473A-lI-PM] pooo4 A7345114 DUYCKEL, N
plasma rcgionr measured by Oga 5 Lowsncrgy radio emissions from the carth and sun
Dcpcndcncc of thc latitudc of thc cleft on thc
pooO7 A7443691
intcrplanctary magnctic f u l d and substorm activity poO33 N75-20195
poOm ~ 7 6 2 2 1 0 7 Dynamicsof Mid-latitude light ion trough and plasma
AE-LEE mcasurcmcnts at low and mid latitudc lads
po031 ~74-28251 pm12 ~75.27383 E
BURGER. J J Ion composition irrcgulanties and
Long-term solar modulation of cosmic-ray electrons ionosphcre-plasmasphcrc coupling Obxrvations of a EDGAR,B C
with cncrgus abovc 0 5 GeV htgh lalitudc ton trough Thc uppcr- and lower-frcqucncy cutoffs of
pa037 N77-84176 po013 ~ 7 5 - 2 8 m magnctosphcncally rcflccted whistlcrs
BURTIS. W J High-latitude troughs and the polar cap boundary poO19 A7619854
Magnctosphcric chorus - Amplitudc and growth poO20 A7622105 Thc theory of V L t Doppkr signatures and their
rate Diurnal vanation of thcrmal plasma in thc rclation to magnctosphcnc density structurc
m i 6 ~75-42748 plasmasphcrc poO23 A7639145
Magnctosphcnc chorus - Occurrcna pattcrns and @I23 A7641210 EMERY.B A
CHESWORTH, E T Diurnal vanation of thc neutral thermosphcnc winds
normaliud frequcncy
Thc rolc of t u particulatcs in thc electnficalion of dclcrmincd from incohcrcni scatter radar data
poO25 A77-16238
thc air in thc mcsosphcre pooo6 A7636735
Magnctosphcric chorus
poO33 N75-22959 poO33 N75-24202 ETCHETO. J
CHUBB,T A Dctaikd analysis of magnetospheric t L F chorus -
BURT0N.R K Dreliminarv rcsults
Evidcnce that solar X-ray cmission I S of purcly
Plasmasphenc hiss poO27 A77-21523
thcrmal ongin (Also obxrvation of far UV flash dunng
pooo4 A73-26984 EVANS.J V
28 Augur1 1966 proton flare)
Simultaneous particle and ficld observations of Thc intensitv vanation of lhc atomic oxvpcn rcd line
pOm2 A72-20313 ,I

fuld-aligncd currcnts CHURCH, S R dunng morning and cvcning twilight on 9-10 A p r i l

poOll A75-19330 lntcnsity vanation of ELF hiss and chorus during I969
Cnlical ckctron pitch angle anisotropy necessary for isolated substorms poO2l A7628990
chorus gcncration [NSSDC-ID-69451A 22-PM] paU7 A74-442UL A &bz! :L:;mc:pL;x ~ - o & ! 5-2 0:: E 2 5 5
poO24 A7644665 Thc local timc vanation of t L F emissions dunng spatromctcr and mcohcrcnt scatter data MSIS. I - N2
Dctaikd analysis of magnctosphcnc t L F chorus - pcnods of substorm activity density and tcmpcraturc
prcliminary results poO29 A77-31391 poO29 A77-37153
poO27 A77-21523 CL1NE.T L
Relativistic inlcrplanctary electrons and positrons
pa031 ~ 7 1 - 2 5 2 8 ~ 1 F
C mCGER, L
A global thcrmosphcnc modcl b a d on mass FAHR, H J
CAAN.M \1 spcctromctcr and mcohcrcnt scattcr data MSIS I- N2 Solar radiation asymmctrus and hcliosphcnc gas
Substorm and intcrplanclary magnctlc field effccts cknsity and tcmpcraturc hcating influencing eatralcrrcslnal UV dala
on the gcomagnctic tad lobes poO29 A77-37153 pOOW A75-13173
poOll A75-19349 COLBURN. D S FAL1N.J L
Romcr 9 and OGO 5 obvrvations of an Expcnmcntal model of thc cxosphcnc tcmpcrature
CAIN, J C
intcrplanctary multipk shock cnsembk on February 2, b a x d on optical mcasuremcnts on board the ffi0 6
A global magnctic anomaly map
1969 salCIII1C
poOl2 A75-2W3
@IO16 A7542744 poO23 A7642390
Low latitudc vanations of the magnctic field
poO37 N7671880 COLEMAN. P J JR . trpcnmcnlal global model of the cxosphenc
tcmpcraturc b a d on mcasurcmcnts from the
CAR1GNAN.G R Substorms in spaa - Tk correlation between ground
and satellite obscrvations of thc magnetic field Fabry-Pcrot intcrfcromclcr on board thc O G O - 6
Thc tcmpcrature gradient between 100 and IM km
pix05 A7614285 salcllite - Discussion of thc data and properties of the
poOl8 A7616501 modcl
CORBIN, W. E., JR.
CARPENTER,D L @OB A77-34901
‘Hisskrs - Quam-pcnodic ( T approrrmately equal to
OGo6 gacsurfaa cncrgy transfcr expcrimcnt
[NASA-CR- I39CWl po031 ~74-25869 FELDSHTEIN, IA I
2 ICE) VLF noix forms at auroral Iatitudcs CORDIER. G . R . Ring currcnt asymmetry
pOOW A75-16440 In-silu obxrvations of irregular ionospheric structurc pooO2 A71-33663
CHAN. K W a m i a t c d with thc plasmapaux FELDSTEIN, Y I
Extremely low frcquency hlss emlsslons rn thc pooos ~75.11853 Auroral oval and magnctosphenc cusps
magnctosphcrc CORNILLEAU-WEHRLIN, N. po037 ~78-70070
poO32 N74-30528 DcLaikd analysis of magnctosphcnc E L F chorus - FISKE, K F
CHAN. K -W prcliminary results Intensity vanation of t L F h i s and chorus dunng
A relation bclwccn ELF hiss amphtude and plasma poO27 A77-21523 isolated substorms
dcnslty in the outer plasmaspherc COUNTEE, C. [NSSDC-ID-69-05lA-22-PM] pooO7 A74-44202
pooo6 A7430677 Thc dominant mode of standing Alfvcn wavcs at the F O R M I S A W , V
t L F hiss associaled with plasma dcnsity synchronous orbit Thc earth’s bow shock line struct~rc
enhanamcnts in thc outer magnctosphcrc po017 ~75-46285 poOll A75-19138
poO22 A7633058 CUMMINS. W. n. Structure of thc quasi-pcrpsndicular laminar bow
CHANDRA. S The dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the shock
Thc equatonal hclium ion trough and the synchronous orbit poOl2 A75-23707
gcomagnetic anomaly mi7 ~75-46285 Instabilities connected with neutral shats in thc solar
poOll A75-20MO wind
Remote sensing of the ionosphcnc F layer by use
Of 0 I 63MLA and 0 I 1356A observatlons
D poO13 A75-28015
Collisionkss shock waves in spa- - A vcry high beta
poO14 A75-35040 SlruClUrC
The global characlcnstm of atmosphcnc emlssslons DAVIS, W. M
A global magnetic anomaly map poO14 A75-35003
in lhe lower thcrmosphcre and thar acronomlc Evidcnce for magnclic f u l d line rcconncction In the
implications poOl2 A75-24043
Low latllude variations of thc magnetic field solar wmd
poO16 A7542726 poO17 ~75-46238
poO37 N7671880
txosphenc tcmperalure inferrcd from the Acros-A W N A H U E , T. M. Struclurc of a quasi-parallcl. quasi-laminar bow
neutral composition mcasuremcnt Noctiluccnt clouds in daytimc - Cmumpolar shock
poO17 A7546269 particulatc layers “car thc summcr mcsopaux. po02s ~ 7 7 - 2 3 2 m
Satellite mcasuremcnts of i o n composition and Thc magnetopause Part I Multisatcllrte
pooO3 A7242515
tcmpcratures m the topside lonosphere dunng mcdium A n upper l m t to the producl of N O and 0 dcnsitics simultaneous obxrvations of bow shock and
solar activity from I05 to Im k m magnetopause positions
*X! 4W2P486 [NSSEC !E 5%05!P.-21-PU! p!EX .475-!!227 !IpC75-23-PT-I! poO34 N7633787

VI-18
P E R S O N A L A U T H O R INDEX HUMMEL, J . R.
The magnetopause: Pari 2 Magnetopause position GUENTHER, B Empincal models of high-latitude electric fields
and the ruwnncction probkm Noctilucent clouds in daytime - Circumpolar pOO29 A77-27317
(LPs75-24PT-21 pOO35 N7633788 paniculate layers near thc summer mcsopause Variational ekctric fields at low latitudes and their
The outer magnetosphere. Part I: A ~u!?isa:ellite pa003 Ai242515 relation to spread-F and plasma irregularities
study of the magnetopaux position in relation with GUENTHER, B W pOO29 A77-34326
somc important fluid dynamic parameters observations from the Orbiting Geophywcal
High latitvde ionospheric winds related to
[LPs762-PT-l] pOO35 N7633793 Obxrvalory 6 of memsphenc airglow and m t t e n n g
solar-interplanetary conditions
The outer magnetosphere. Part 3 Simultpmous layers
pal32 N74-29091
multisatellite observations of the magnetopause. pOO33 N75-19882
GUHATHAKURTA, B K HICKS, G . T.
[LPs76CPT-21 pOO35 N7633795 F region wind components i n the magnetic meridian
FREDERICK, J. E. The morphology of cquatonal imgulantus in the
Afro-Auan m o r from OGO 6 obxrvatmns from OGO 4 tropical ai@ow observations
Satellite observations of the global distribution of pOOl I A75-22671
stratospheric owne pOO28 A77-24016
GULELM1.A V Remote sensing o f the ionospheric F layer by use
pOO36 N78-I2583 of 0 I 6 m A and 0 I 1356-A obxnalions
Exolation of magnetosonic waves w i t h discrete
FREDRICKS, R. W. p a l l 4 A75-35040
Plasma instability mocks related to the earth’s bow I p a t N m i n the equatonal vlclnity of thc plasmapause
pOO12 A75-27679 Tropical F region winds f r o m 0 I 1356-A and
shock forbidden 0 I 6MOA emissions. II - Analysis of OGO
pOOl I A75-22774 4 data
Currentdriven plasma inslabilitus at high latitudes
pOO14 A75-35005
H pOO23 A7642683
HINION, 1.B.
RIJII, K. HADDOCK, F. T. Structure of ekctrodynamic and particle heating i n
Thinning01 the ncar-eanh (loto about I 5 eanh radii) O G O V radio b u n t analysis the undisturbed polar thermosphere
plasma sheet preading the substorm expansion phase [NASA-CR- 1422321 pOO33 N75-19114 pall8 A7614318
pOO24 A7647884 Data uxr’s n o w of t k radio astronomy experiment Magnetically ordered heating in the polar regions of
aboard the CGO-V spaacraft the thermosphere
[NASA-CR- 1436961 pOO34 N75-24593
G HA”, A.
HIRSHBERG, J.
pOO34 N75-32651
Companson of a mqnctg local anomaly measured
The solar cyck variation of thc mlar w i d helium
GENDRIN, R. by OGO-6 and a CNSUI feature
abundance
Waves and wave-partick interactions i n the pOO37 N7671883
HANSON, W. 6. [NSSDC-ID-68-014A- 17-OS1 pOOl0 A75- I663 I
magnetosphere. A review HOFFMAN, 1.A.
pOOl8 A7612272 Is the mil arc a y o d indicator of
ionosphere-magnetospkrc conditions Ekciron pmipitption patterns and substorm
GERARD, J.-C. morphology.
Satellite measurements o f high-altitude t w i l i g h t [NSSDc-ID-6945lA42~PM] pooaS A75-I 1226
Comparisons o f ionogram and OGO 6 satellite [NSSDC-ID-67-073A-I I-PM] pCCKM A73-33434
Mg(plus) emission Dependena of field-aligned electron precipitation
pOO19 A7619839 observations of small-swk F region inhomogeneitus
pOO28 A77-2321 I OcEumoa on season and altitude
O G O - 4 observations o f the ultraviolet auroral pa007 A7443679
HARRIS, 1.
spectrum Smultancous particle and field observations o f
’Theory of the phase anomaly In the thermosphere
pOO25 A77-16243 fuld-aligned currents
pal05 A74I2b45
High-latitude nitric oxide in the lower Thcrmospherk ‘temperatures’ pOOll A75-19330
therm0sphel.Z pooO7 A7436747 New results on the correlation t c t w u n low-cnergy
pOO28 A77-23222 HARRIS, K. K. ekctrons and auroral hiss
Magnetic storm effects on thc tropical ultraviolet The measurement of cold ion densities in the plasma pOO20 A7622086
airglow trough AE-LEE mcasurements at low and mid latitude
pOO29 A77-27318 [NSSDC-ID-68-ol4A-l&PM] pOOl0 A75-16637 pOO31 N74-28251
GLEGHORN. G . J. HARTLE, R. E. HOLTET. J. A.
The E n g i m n n g design of the Orbiting Geophysical Dcnsity and temperature distnbutions in Vanational electric fields at low latitudes and their
Observatories. non-uniform routing planetary exospheres with relation to spread-F and plasma irregularities
INSSDc-ID-MoMAmPCl pa001 A63-21528 applications to earlh pOO29 A77-34326
GOEL. M. K. pa005 A7414224 HOLZER. R. E.
Satellite measurements o f i o n composition and HAYS, P. B. Magnetic emIssIons in the magnetosheath at
temperatures i n the topside ionosphere during medium Diurnal variation of the neutral thermospheric winds frequencies near 100 Hz.
solar activity determined from incoherent scatter radar data pa001 A69-31985
pOO21 A7628486 pomS A7436735 On the local time dependena of the bow shock wave
GOUIN. P. HEDGECDCK, P. C. SIructurC
Correlation of ’satellite estimates’ of the equatorial Instabilities connected with neutral sheets in the solar pooO5 A7424759
ekctrojct intensity with ground obxrvations at Addis wind A relation b c t w a n E L F hiss amplitudc and plasma
Ababa. pOO13 A75-28015 density in the outer plasmasphere
pao00 A73-31771 Substorm effects on thc neutral sheet inside 10 urth pomS A7430677
CREE2OWSKY, J. M. radii Simultaneous particle and field observations of
Plasma tail interpretations of pronounad detached @I6 A7546232 field-aligned currents
plasma regions measured by g o 5 Structure of a quasi-paralkl. quasi-laminar bow pOOll A75-19330
pooO7 A74-43691 shock E L F hiss associated with plasma density
Dynamicsol Mid-latitude light ion trough and plasma pOO28 A77-23220 enhanaments in the outer magnetosphere
tails HEDIN, A. E. pOO22 A7633058
@I2 A75-27383 A global thermosphenc model based on mass Structure of a quasi-paralkl. quasi-laminar bow
Ion composition irrcgularities and spectrometer and inwheanl m t t e r data MSIS. I - N2 shock
tonosphere-plasmasphere coupling - Obxrvations of a density and lemperature pOO28 A77-23220
high latitude ion trough @29 A77-37153 HOLZER, R. E..
pOO13 A75-28356 A global thermosphenc model b a x d on mass Plasmaspheric hiss.
High-latitude troughs and the polar cap boundary Spcclrometer and incoherent xatter data MSIS. II - pm04 A73-26984
pOOm ~ 7 6 2 2 1 0 5 Composition HONES, E. W., JR.
Diurnal vanation of thermal plasma i n the pOO29 A77-37154 Multipk-satellite studies of magnctosphcric
plasmasphere HEI, D. J . , JR. substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet
pOO23 A7641210 A study o f the heat flua revcrsal region upstream pOO26 A77-16868
GREENSTADT, E. W.
from the earth’s bow shock. using data from the OGO HORAN, D. M.
Binary index for assessing local bow shock Ekctron temperature and emission measure
5 ekctron spectrometer
obliquity.
pOO35 N78-11543 variations during solar X-ray flares.
pa003 A7244511 pa002 A72-29722
Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow HELLIWELL, 1.A.
shock Magnetospheric chorus - Amplitude and growth HUDSON, M . K.
rate T h e temperature gradunt dnft instability at the
pOO12 A75-23707
Collisionkss shock waves i n spaa - A very high beta pOO16 A7542748 equatorward edge of the ionospheric plasma trough
structure Magnetospheric chorus - Occurrena patterns and pOO24 A7642697
pOOl4 A75-35003 normalized frequcncy HUGHES, W. J.
Structure o f a quasi-paralkl, quasi-laminar bow @25 A77-16238 M u l t i p k satellite observations of pulsation resonana
shock HEPPNER, J . P. S~NCIU~C In the magnetosphere
pOO28 A77-23220 Electric fields i n the magnctosphcre. pOO27 A77-23205
GREENSTADT, W. W. pa003 A73-15333 HUMMEL, J. R.
Plasma instability modes related to the earth’s bow H i g h latitude ekctnc fulds and the modulatmns Satellite observation of the mcrosphenc xattenng
shock related t o interplanetary magnctvc fu!d parameters layer and implied climatic conseqwnos
pOOl I A75-22774 pa005 A7414272 pOO22 A7639128

VI-19
IFEDILI, S. 0 . P E R S O N A L A U T H O R INDEX
1 Thc intcrprctations of ultraviolct observations of A wmpanson of ekctnc and magnetic field data from
wmets the OGO 6 spaacraft
IFEDILI, S. 0 poO22 A7631317 pool8 A7616514
A search for solar nculrons dunng solar flarcs On the comctary hydrogen coma and far U V Magnetic f v M vanations abovc 60 d a m s mvananl
pool0 A75-18717 emission latitude at thc POGO satcllilcs
INTRILICAIOR, D. S. pOO34 N76-21066 ~ 0 0 3 7 N76-71877
A xarch for solar wind vclocity changes bctwccn KELLEY,M C LAY, C
0 7 and I au Properties o f E L F c k t r o m a g n c t r waves in and Solar radiation asymmetncs and heliosphcnc gas
pool3 ~75.28750 abovc the earths ionosphere dcduccd from plasma wave hcaling influcnnng catratcrrcslnal U V data
cxpcnments on the OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satcll~tcs Porn, A75-13173
J pOOl8 A7616507
The temperature gradvnt d r i f t instability at the
LEDLEY,B G
Magnetopausc rotational fonns
cquatonvard cdge of the ionosphcnc plasma trough [NSSDC-ID-ss-ol4A-l5-PM] pmoS A75-11221
JACCHIA, L L
e 2 4 A7-2697 LUEUNE, C
Vanations In thermosphcnc composition - A modcl
KHAN,B K Altitude profiles of the photoclcctron induced 0 ID
b a x d on m a s spedromctcr and satcllitc drag data
M o d e l o f cquatorial scintillations f r o m in-situ (6Mo A) predawn enhancement by obxrvation and
pooo6 A74M667
Thermosphcnc tcmpcralurc. dcnsily. and masurcmcnts t k r Y
composition Ncw models poO25 A77-12057 poox ~77.20886
[NASA-CR-1530491 poO35 N77-23648 KIKUCHI, H LEMAIRE. J
JAECK, C Shocks, solitons and thc plasmapause Exosphcnc modcls of the topside ionospherc
North-south asymmctncs in the thcrmosphcrc dunng poO27 A77-21504 ~0036 A7428723
the last maximum of the solar cyck Micropulsations and thc plasmapaux LHEUREUX, J
Porn, A75-I6449 poO27 A77-21513 On thc quiet-trmc increases of low energy cosmic ray
JANETZKE, R J KING, J W ckctrons
A€-LEE mcasurcments at low and mid latitude A n explanation of the longitudinal vanation of thc poo21 ~ 7 6 2 6 8 8 6
poO31 N74-28251 O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity Modulation of low cncrgy clmrons and protons ncar
JOHNSON, W C pool9 A7621456 solar maximum
Light Ion and electron troughs obxrvcd in the KIVELSON, M @2l A7626907
mid-latitude topside ionosphcre on two paucs of OGO Currcntdnvcn plasma inslabilitics at high latitudcs Q u r t - t m c increases of lowsnergy ckctrons - The
6 compared to coinodent cquatonal c M r o n dcnsity poO14 A75-35005 Jovian ongm
dcduad from whistkrs KIVELSON. M C pOO25 A77-11692
w 30 A7742297 Substorms m spaa - The correlation bctwan ground L1N.R P
and salcllitc obxrvations of the magnetic f v l d Location of the ckctron amleration region in solar
K O G 0 5 ObXNalions of thc magnctopaux
pooO5 A7414285 flares
pOm3 A72-32790
.I.... rn r pOOl0 A75-19134 Non-rclalivistic solar ckctrons
ma\l.Llc,n, 0
Multiple-satcllite studxs 01 magnelospnenc imssx-iwi4A+&G~ m7 :&
::.:,:
On the eaistcnce of solar-flare plasmas of tempcrature
grcalcr than I billion dcg K substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma s h a t UJNWN. J
m 2 6 A77-16868 Saullitc obxrvalions of thc global distnbution of
pooOl A7I-2OY44
Thcrmal and nonthcrmal interprctations of flare Instability phcnomcna in dctachcd plasma regions stratosphcnc ozone
X-ray bursts pOO27 A77-21512 poO36 N78-12583
pUO17 A7610136 OGO 5 obscrvations of Pc 5 waves - Partick flux LUlDN. J M
KAHLER, S W modulations Global cxosphenc tcmperaturcs and dcnsitics undcr
Thermal runaway as the solar flare tnggcr poO30 A7742295 active solar conditions
mcchanism KLAINE, B I pm2a ~77-25183
pooOl A71-12761 trcitation of magnctoronic waves w i t h discrete LYONS. D
Thc obxrvation of nonthcrmal solar X-radiation in spcctrum in thc cquatonal vinnity of thc plasmapause The dominant modc of standing Alfven waves at the
the cnergy rangc 3 krs than E k s than IO kcV poOl2 A75-27679 synchronous orbit
pooO2 A71-40425 KOCKARTS, C po017 ~75-46285
KA1SER.T R North-south asymmctncs in the thermosphere dunng
V L F and t L F emissions the last maximum of thc solar cyck
@JlS A75-36988 pClW9 A75-16449 M
KAMIDE, Y KOKUBUh. S
Dependence of the latitude of thc cleft on the Ogo 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 waves - MAEZAWA. K
rnlerplanctary magnctic k i d and substorm activity Ground-magnetosphcrc correlations Depcndcncc of thc magnctopaux position on the
poom ~ 7 6 2 2 1 0 7 poO24 A77-11219 southward intcrplanctary magnctic f v l d
KANE.S R Tnggcnng of substorms by solar wind pmcS A75-12370
Location of the eknron accekration region in solar discontinuities MAHAJAN.K K
flares pal26 A77-21093 Neutral wind velocitics olculatcd from lcmpcrature
pooO3 A72-32790 OGO 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 waves - Partick flux mcasummcnts dunng a magnctic storm and thc
Acakratron of eknrons m abxnce of dctcctablc modulations
obxrvcd ionosphcnc cffccts
oplical flarcs dcduad from lypc 111 radio bursts. H pal30 A7742295
alpha activity and sol1 X-ray emission KREPLIN, R W
fl A73-36150
[NSSDC-lD-~l4A4&F'S] Porn, A75-16217 Solar X-rays - Dcvcloping background for MAIER, E J
Impulsive solar narc X-rays greatcr than IO kcV and Satcllitc mcasurerncnts of ion composition and
wmprehcnsrvc theory
somc charactcnstia of cosmic gamma-ray bunts tcmpcraturcs in thc topside ionospherc dunng mcdium
pm0l A7@16719
pool4 A75-35537 Thermal runaway as the solar flare tngger solar activity
Impulsive /flash/ uhax of solar flarcs - Hard X-rav. mcchanism poo21 ~ 7 6 2 ~ a 6
microwavc. t U V and optical obxrvations pmOl A71-12761 M A LUJY, W J
d a l 5 A75-37352 The obxrvation of nonthcrmal solar X-radiation in The local time variation of E L F cmisslon\ dunng
Charactcistics of cosmic X-ray bursts obxrvcd with thc energy rangc 3 ks than E kss than 10 kcV pcnods of substorm activity
thc O G 0 5 satcllite pooO2 A71-25 ~ 4 0 2 9 A77-31391
poO26 A77-16850 Accekration of ekctrons m a b x n a of delcctabk MARTRES, M J
Non-thcrmal p r m s x s dunng thc 'build-up' p h a x optical flares dcduccd from typc 111 radio bursts. H A c a k r a t i o n of electrons in abxnce of dctcctable
of solar flarcs and in a b x n a of flares alpha activity and soft X-ray cmission optical flares dcduad from typc 111 radio bursts. H
poO26 A77-18572 INSSDC-ID-68-014A04-PS] Porn, A75- I62 I7 alpha activity and soft X-ray emission
Hard X-ray spectra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts [NSSDC-lD-68al4AO4-P~ pW@3 A75-16217

KASPRZAK, W T.
@OM A78-10580 L MARUBASHI, K
Diurnal vanation of thermal plasma In thc
Comparison of thc San M a r c o 3 Nace neutral LAASPERE, T plasmasphere
composition data with the crtrapolatcd Ogo 6 cmpincal pOO23 A7641210
New results on the cornlation bctween low-cnergy Geomagncuc storm cffcclr on the Ihcrmo,pherc and
modcl ckctrons and auroral h i s
poO21 A1626524 Ihc oonosphcrc rcrcalcd b) m situ mcasurcmcnls from
poO20 A7622086
KAYSER, D. C . LANGEL, R A
OGO 6
A global thcrmosphenc modcl based on m a s poOZ5 A77-16240
Vanation with interplanetary sector o f the total
spcctromctcr and incohcrcnt scatlcr data MSIS. I- N 2 magnetic field measured at the OGO 2. 4 and 6 HASLEY, A J
dcnsity and tcmpcralurc satellltcs Solar cosmtc ra) obxnations dunng IW
m29 A77-37153 IMUAC-UU-lWl poO37 h76-707b5
pO3Wl A75-12364
YELLER, H. 1J. Relation of vanations in total magnctic f x l d at high W A T S l SHITA. S
A comctary hydrogen model - Comparison w l t h latitude with the paramclcrs o f thc interplanetary Magnctic slorm cflccls w Ihc lroplcdl UII~PIIOICI
OGO-5 mcasurcmcnts of Comct k n n c t t (I970 II) magnetic f v l d and with Ut' 1 Iluctuations airgiou
@I3 A75-32382 pOO13 A75-28743 @JP) A77-273lb

VI-20
PERSONAL A U T H O R INDEX RACHURAM, R .
MATZYE, R. MIHALOV, J. D. NISHIDA, A.
AEROS A atomic oxygen profiks compared with Pionesr 9 and OGO 5 observations of an Thinningof the nearsarth(l0toabout l5canhrsdi1)
the OGO 6 model interplanetary multipk shock c n v m b k on February 2, plasma s h a l p d i n g the substorm expansion phasc
p0OB ,471-23987 1969 pOO24 A7M7884
MAYHEW. M. A. pa016 A7542744 NOXON, J . F.
Magnetic anomaly map of North America south of M W m C A M P E R O . A. The intensity variation of the atomic oxygen red line
50 dcgnsr north from Pogo data oriBin and composition of heavy nucki betwan 10 during morning and evening twilight on 9-10 Apnl
[NASA-TM-X-7 12291 ~ 3 ~77.13587
5 and 60 MeV per n u c h n during interplanetary quiet 1969
MAYNARD, N. C. times in 1-1972 pOO2l A7628990
Ekctric fields in the ionosphere and pOO17 A7546822
MOORE, R. L.
magnetosphere.
3 A72-39543
Analysis of -5 and O s 0 7 X-ray data 0
Is the red arc a p o dpoo0 indicator of [NASA-CR-142131]
MORcAN,M,c, pOO32 N75-17277
ionosphere-magnetosphere conditions OGILVIE' " w.
Light ion and electron troughs observed in the
[N~~DC-IPW~IA-O~-PM] pooos ~75.111% md-lntltudc on two parvs OGo The solar cyck variation of the solar .wind helium
Electric field measurements across the H a n n g 6 compd to coin&nt equatorial density abundane
discontinuity [NSSDC-IL%t&Ol4A-l74X] pOOl0 A75-16631
deduced from w h i u k n
pOOl0 A75-16634
Variational ekctric l r l d s at low latitudes and t k i r MOZER, F. s. pO030 A7742297 o W ~ % ~ k c r v a t i o n of the melospheric scattering
relation to spread-F and plasma imgularities e sELF ekctmmagnctic waves i n and
~ ~ r t i of layer and i m p l a climatic conseq=n=s
Po029 A77-343% above &earth's ionosphercdcdudfromplasma wave pOO22 A7639128
MAYR, H. C . elprimntr on the OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satellites OLSON* J. v.
Theory of the phase anomaly in the thermosphere poo18 A7616507 local time dependena of the bow shock wave
poO05 A74-I2645 MUENTHER, CH.
Thermospheric 'temperatures' AEROS A atomic oxygen profiles compared with pooO5 A7424759
poOm A7436747 theOGO6model O N W H , T.
Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphere -28 A77.2387 Magnetosphew substorm associated with SC
POOCM A75-I2453 pOOll A75-22613
A global thermospheric model bascd on mass OPAL, C. 1.
spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I1 . N Remote xnung of the ionosphcnc F layer by use
Composition of 0 I 6-A and 0 I 1356-A observations
poO29 ,477-37154 A ' F' pOOl4 A75-3XMO
MCCLURE, J. P. 1s the red arc a good indicator of Tropical UV arcs: Comparison of brightness with f
Comparisons of ionogram and OGO 6 satellite ionosphere-magnetwphre sub 0 F sub 2
observations of small-scak F region i n h o m w n e i t r s 1NssDC-1-'A42-pM] A75-l1226 poO37 N77-86006
pO028 A77-U211 NEUGEBAUER. M. OUR, D.
MCKWWN. D. -5 observations of tk magnetopaur Robing the plasmapause by geomagnetic
OGM gas-surfaa energy transfer cxpenmcnt pOOl0 A75-19134 pulsations
Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow
[NASA-CR- 1390091 pOO31 N74-25869 shock pOOl5 A75-36982
MCPHERRON pOO12 A75-23707 oYA'H'
Substorm and interpianetary magnetic field ~ l f e c t s ~ h c of br wind f l ~ u a t i o n sat the nasmaflo~hypothe*sin the magnetosphere Elating
on the geomagnetic tail lobes proton thermal gyroradius to frequency shift of ckctrostatE plasma waves
pOOll ,475-19349 pOOl2 A75-27387 pOOl5 A75-38275
MCPHERRON. R. L. Relation of solar r i n d fluautionr lo differential flow
Substorms in r p a a - Thc w n s l a h n between ground between protons and alphas
and satellite observations of the magnetic field pOO13 A75-28004 P
pooO5 A74-14285 Thecnhanmncntof solar wind fluctuations with scak
Ogo 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - s k near theproton gyrondius PICK, M.
Ground-magnetosphere conslations ~ 1
A75-2@3)8
3 A c a k r a t i o n of ekarons in a b s e n a of dctfftabk
pW24 ,477-11219 A search for solar wind velocity changes betwan Optical llarm dcduad from IYP radio bunts. H
Mullipk-satellite studies of magnetospheric 0.7 and I a u alpha activity and aoft X-ray emision
substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet pool3 ~75-28750 ~NSSDC-lD48-Ol4A~PSl pmoS A75-16217
poO26 A77-16868 Cunsnt-driven plasma instabilities at high latitudes Non-thermd Pr-- during 'build-up' phase
Tri6gcnng of substorms by solar wind poo14 A75-35005 of solar flares and in a b r n c c of flares
pOO26 A77-18572
discontinuities
pOO26 A77-21093
Mullipk satellite observations of pulsation m n a n a
Tbc rok of Coulombwlliwons in limiting differential
now and temperature differences $ , : e :O$ mIM f~~~z&~; t&rons polar regions
pOOl5 A75-37031
structure in the magnetosphere s r w u r e of a q u - i - p a n l k l quasi-1amin.r bow Angular dktribulions of =tar protons and
pOO27 A77-23205 shock ckctrons
OGO 5 observations of Pc 5 waves - h r t i c k flux
poO28 ,477-23220 pOO16 A7541805
modulations NEUGEBAUTER, M. Analysis of proton and ckctron spectrometer data
pOOM A7742295 Collirionks shock waves in spaa - A very high beta from o G o 5 sp-raft
MEANS, J. D. StIIICIUre [NASA-CR- l4XI78l pOO32 N75-17020
Instabilities connected with neutral shats in the solar pOO14 A75-35003 FOTAPOV, A. S.
wind NEWTON. C. P. Excitation of magnetosonic waves with discrete
pOOl3 ,475-28015 Comparison of t h e Ssn Marco 3 Nace neutral spectrum in the equatorial vicinity of the plasmapause
Collisionkss shock waves in spac - A very h l h bet. composition data with the exlnpolatsd Ogo 6cmpiricaI poO12 A75-27679
SIWtUre &I mmu. w.E.
pOO14 A75-35003 poo21 A7626524 A global Ihcrmospheric model baud on m a s
MEIER, R. R. A gl0b.l thermorphenc model baud on m u spccIrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I1 -
Observations of the 0 I 130CA airglow from OGO spccIromeler and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I- N2 Composition
4 density and tempenlure pOOB A77-37154
pooO2 A71-33961 pOOB A77-37153 P R l N G D. Y.
Remote sensing of the ionospheric F hyer by ux A global thermospheric model baud on mass Obvrvations
Of airglow lrom
IwA OGo
0 I 6-A
Of and 0 I 1356-A observations spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I1 -
pool4 A75-35040 Composilion pooO2 ,471-33964
Tropical UV arcs: Comparison of brightness with f
sub 0 F rub 2 A77-37154 pRu~&tic fields, bremsstrahlung and synchrotron
N I E I X N . E.
pOO37 N77-86006 Access of solar ekdrons to the polar regions
emission in the flare of 24 October 1969
MEYER. P. pOOl5 A75-37031 pooO2 A7143849
On the quiet-time increases of low cneay c o m i c my Angular distributions of solar protons and P Y ~ ~ l ~ & ~ t e l l l t estudies of
ckarons
pOO2l A7626886
electrons
pO016 A7541805
.
substorms Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet
pOO26 A77-16868
Modulation of low energy ckctrons and protons near NILSSON, C. S.
solar maximum Tbc micrometeoroid experiment on t h e OGO 4
poO21 A7626907
Quiet-time increases of low-cnergy c k a r o n s - Thc
satellite
[NASA-CR-1419481 poO37 N75-70676
R
Jovian origin NISIET. J . S. RACHURAM, R.
poo25 A77-I I692 Global exospheric temperatures and densities under A new interpretation of subprotonospheric whistler
OGO-5 experiment EU3 cosmic ray ekctrons active solar conditions characteristics
[NASA-CR- 1446681 pOO34 N75-32995 pOO28 A77-25183 pOO19 A7616522

VI-21
RAJAN, R S PERSONAL A U T H O R INDEX
RAJAN. R S Thc solar wind and magnctosphcnc dynamics Solar particle events with anomalously large relative
Hyrtcrcris of pnmary cosmic rays associatcd wlth pOOl0 A75-19127 abundance of Hc-3
Forbush dccrcaxr OGO-5 ObrcNations of thc magnctopaux pOO13 A75-34018
pal22 A7635348 pOOl0 A75-19134 SHARE, G . H .
RA0.B C N Substorm and intcrplanctary magnetic field cffccts Hard X-rav. swctra
. of cosmic ramma-rav bursts
Satcllitc mcasurcments of ion composition and on thc gcomagnctic tail lobes &I30 AfX-lOSSO
tcmpcraturcs nn the topsidc ionosphcrc dunng mcdium pool1 A75-19349 SHELLEY, E G
solar activity Structurc of thc quasi-pcrpendeular laminar bow A multi-satellite study of thc nature of wavclikc
pOO21 A762X4X6 shock StNctYreCS in the magnetosphcnc plasma
RAWER, B @I2 A75-23707 [NASA-CR- 14)680] pa033 N75-17877
AEROS A atomic oxygen profiks comparcd with SIMNETT.C M
Instabilities connected with neutral shects in thc solar
thc OGO 6 model Rclativistic clcctron events in intcrplanctary space
wind
pOO28 A77-23987 pooO7 A7437632
@I3 A75-28015
RAWER, Y. SIMPSON, J A
Collisionless shock waves in spa- - A vcry high beta Ongin and composition of hcavy nuclei bctwecn IO
AEROS A atomic oxwen ._ .vrofilcs comvarcd with Structure
the OGO 6 modcl and 60 MeV per nuckon dunng intcrplanctary quict
pCU14 A75-35003 times in 1968-1972
pm2s ~77.23987
Currcntdnvcn plasma instabhtics at high latitudcs pool7 A75-46822
REBER, C. A.
pool4 A75-35005 SLATER,A J
Dynamical cffccts m thc distribution of hclium m
On the causes of spectral cnhanamcnts in solar wind A n cxplanation of the longitudinal vanation of the
thc lhermosphcrc
poO24 A77-11489
powcr spcctra O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity
Gcomagnctic storm cffccts on thc thcrmosphcrc and poom ~ 7 6 2 m x i pool9 A7621456
thc ionosphcrc rcvcakd by i n situ mcasurcmcnts from os0 5 ObSCNallOnS O f PC 5 WaVCS - SMITH, B F
OGO 6 Ground-magnctosphcrc corrclations Ronecr 9 and OGO 5 obxrvations of an
poO25 A77-16240 poO24 A77-11219 intcrplanctary multiple shock c n x m b k on February 2.
Global cxosphcnc tcmpcraturcs and dcnsitKs under Tnggcnng of substorms by solar wind 1969
active solar conditions discontinuitus pool6 A7542744
pOO28 A77-25183 e 2 6 A77-21093 SMITH, E J
A global thermospheric model b a x d on mass Multiplc salcllitc obxrvatlons of pulsarion rcsonana Magnetic emissions tn thc magnctosheath at
spsaromctcr and inwhcrcnt r a t t c r data MSIS. I. N 2 structure in thc magnctosphcrc frcqucncics near 100 HZ
dcnsity and tcmpcraturc peon ~ 7 7 . 2 3 ~ 5 pooOl A69-31985
pOO29 A77-37153 Structurc of a quasi-parallel, quasi-laminar bow Plasmasphcnc hiss
A global thcrmosphcnc model b a x d on mass shock pooW A73-269W
spctromctcr and incohcrcnl scatter data MSIS. 11 - pooze ~77.23220 A relation bctwecn ELF hiss amplitudc and plasma
Composition OGO 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 wavcs - Partick flux dcnsity m thc outer plasmasphcrc
pW29 A77-37154 modulations pmO6 A7430677
REED, E. 1. lntcnsity vanation of ELF hiss and chorus dunng
pCQM A7742295
D;--o:; :o-oz;.;*:zc F ! q c : by
--n;;nj c! :!I: isolated substonns
PrWiiULIIVII prVCFsslll& "i ,ins &in "L;',,oc: b, :k
of 0 I 6 m A and 0 I 1356A obxrvations [NSSDC-IDas-o5lA-22-PM] pOm7 A7444202
UCLA OGO-5 fluxgatc magctomctcr Ehromagnctic hiss and rclativistr clcctron losscs
pOOl4 A75-35040 [PU BL-9051 @37 N75-7-6
Polar cnhanccmcnts of nightglow cmissions near m Ihc inncr zone
RYCROFT, M J pOOl2 A75-23716
6230A
A ISVICW of in situ obxrvations of thc plasmapaurc Magnctoshealh lion roars
pOO19 A7619613
Behavior of the sodium and hydroxyl nighttime pool5 A75-36977 00022 A7633057
cmissions dunng a slralosphcnc warming SMITH, J C
poom ~ 7 6 2 2 4 ~ S Four ycars of dust partick mcasurcmcnts m cislunar
Tropical F region winds f r o m 0 I 1356A and and rcknoantnc spaa from Lunar Explorer 35 and
forbidden 0 1 63WA cmissioos. 11 - Analysis of OGO OGO 3
4 data SALAH, J . E. pOm2 A72-31937
~ 2 A7642683
3 Diurnal vanation of thc neutral thcrmosphcnc winds SMITH, 2 Y
REED. E. L. dctcrmined from incohcrcnt xattcr radar data Ronecr 9 and OGO 5 obscrvations of an
Thc global charactcnstics of atmosphcric cmissslons pooW A7436735 interplanetary multipk shock cnscmbk on February 2.
in the lowcr thcrmorphcre and thcir acronomlc A global thcrmosphcnc model On mass
1969
implications rparometcr and incohcrcnt scatter data MSIS. I- N 2
pool6 A7542744
pm16 A7542726 k n s l t y and temperaturn SOYETT. C P
RECAN, R . D. poO29 A77-37153
Ronecr 9 and OGO 5 obxrvations of an
SAXENA, 0. P.
A global magnctic anomaly map interplanetary multipk shock cnxmblc on February 2.
Ncutral wind vclocities calculated from temperature
pool2 A75-24043 mcasuremcnls during a magnctic storm and thc IYw
REGENER, V. H. Pm16 A7542744
~ b r c ~ cionosphcric
d cffccts.
Ultraviokt solar cncrgy survey on OGod pooo4 A7s361m SONNERUP, B. U. 0.
[NASA-CR- I5sOSX] poo37 N77-8626X SCARABUCCI, R . R . Magnctopaux rotational forms
ROBLE, R . G . V L F propagation i n the magnctosphcre d u r i n g [NSSw-ID68014A-I5-PM] A75-lI22I
Diurnal vanation of the neutral thcnnosphcnc winds wrnrix and sUnxl SORAAS, F.
dctcrminsd from inwhcrcnt ratter radar data poo18 A7614838 Comlatcd satellite mcasurcmcnts of proton
A7436735 SCARF, F. L. p r a p i t a t i o n and plasma dcnsity
The lnknsltY vanation Of the atomic oxygen rcd line Structurc of thc quasi-perpendicular laminar bow pooos A75-I6437
dunng morning and evening twilight on 9-10 A p r i l shock SORU-ESCAUT, 1.
1969 pool2 A75-23707 Acakration of clcnrons in abxncc of dctcctable
poO21 A7628990 Collisionkss shock waves in spa- - A wry high beta optlcpl flares deduad from typc Ill radio bunts. H
ROEMER, M. Structurc alpha activity and soft X-ray cmission
Rcant improvcmcnts in our knowledgc of neutral @I4 A75-35003 [ N S S L l C - l ~ l 4 A ~ ~pooOr A75-16217
atmosphcrc structure from ~ptclllte drag Currcntdnvcn plasma instabilities at high latitudes SPENCER, N. w.
mcasurcmcnts Po014 A75-35005 Thcrmosphcnc 'tcmpcralurcr'
[BMBW-WRK-226] poo05 ~ 7 4 - 2 ~ 7 6 Charactcnstics of instabiliticr in thc magnctosphcrc pooO7 A7436747
ROY. J . R . dcduad from wavc obxrvations Exospheric tcmpcraturc infencd from thc AcrosA
Slow X-ray bursts and chromosphcric flares with poO23 A7641914
filament disruption Structurc of a quasi-parallcl. quasi-laminar bow neutral mCaSurcmcnt
pOO17 A7546269
[NASA-CR-I42ISi] poO32 N75-17281 shock A global thcrmosphcnc modcl b a x d on mass
ROY. J.-R. flZ8 A77-23220 rpcctromcter and incoherent r a t t e r data MSIS. I - N2
Slow X-ray bursts and narcs with filament kt dcnsity and tcmpcraturc
disruption Exosphcnc models of the topside ionospherc
pOO29 A77-37153
pooo6 A7428723
Po016 A75-43792 - M I D ~ E , G, A Slobal thcrmosphcric model b a d on mass
RUSCH, D W. rpfftromcter and lncohcrcnt data MSIS. I'
AEROS A atomlc oxygen profiks comparcd with
Satcllitc mcasurements of nitnc oridc In the polar the OGo Composition
region poo28 A77-23987 poO29 A77-37154
m 1 7 A75-46289 SENCUF'TA, P. R . STONE, E. C.
RUSSELL, C. T. Solar X-ray control of the E . I ~ of~ the ~ ~ Mcasurcmcnu of the cosmic-ray B e l 0 ratio and Ihc
Magnctlc cmissions in the magnctoshcath at ionosphcrc agc of cosmic rays
frcqucnnes near IM Hz. pooOl A70-34943 pmO6 A7430187
pooOl A69-31985 SERLEMITSOS, A. T. STRICKLAND, D.J .
Substorms in space - Thc correlation bclwecn ground Solar cncrgctic partick cvcnt with He-3/Hc-4 grcatcr Global atomK oxygen dcnsity dcrivcd from OGO-6
ana satcihtc oburvauons oi the magncric iicid than i i j i * A a,rgio* * c s ~ r e ~ : ~ : z
pooO5 A7414285 pOOO9 A75-15342 pOO2l A7628989

VI-22
P E R S O N A L A UTHOR I N D E X ZIRIN, H.
SUGIURA, M Experimental model of the exospheric temperature Experimental global model of the exospheric
Magnetosphenc field morphology at magnetically b a d on optical measurements on board the OGO 6 temperature b a d o n musuremenls from the
quiet t I M S satellite Fabry-Perot interferometer o n board the 0130.6
pOCO5 A7414270 pa023 A7642390 satellite Discussion of the dam and propertics of thc
~

Identdmtlons of the polar cap boundary and the Altitude prohks of the photakctron i n d u a d 0 I D model
auroral belt in the hyh-altltude magnetosphere - A (6300 A) predawn e n h a n a m n t by obxrvation and pa029 Al7-34901
mods1 for frld-aligned currents tkON WALKER, J. D.
pa014 A75-35an 26 A77-2aee Lkhavior of the sodium and hvdroxvl . . niphttime
-
Field-ahycd currents obxrved by thc OGO 5 and Experimental global model o r h e exosphenc emissions during a stratospheric warming
T n d satellites temperature bucd o n measurements from the poOm A7622490
pa026 A77-17124 Fabry-Rrot interferometer on board the OGO-6 WALKER. J . D.. JR.
A new VKW of the nng c u m n t satellite - Dirussion of the data and properties of the The effect o f extraterrestrial dust, stratospheric
pa031 N73-17!347 model warmings, and lower thermospheric pressure systems
SWANENBURG, B N pa029 A77-34901 on O G M measured nightglows in the earth’s
Long-term solar modulatwn 01 cosmtc-ray e M r o n r THULLIER. G . atmosphere(80 to 100 tm)
North-south asymmetries in the thermosphereduring pa031 N74-26848
with energm above 0 5 GcV
pa037 N77-MI76 CI!: Iaa! m u i m u a of tbe solar q c k W A U E R , R. J.
pOOW A75-16449 Energetic ekctrons in the near geomagnetic tail and
TINSLEY, 1.A. at svnchronous orbit: Soaiial distributions and
T F region wind components in the magnetic meridian
from OGO 4 tropical airglow observations
acakration mechanisms
dKl32 N74-35223
pa0ll A75-22671 WALTER, F.
TAEUSCH. D. 1. Tropic81 F region winds from 0 I l3%A and VLF propagation in the magnetosphere during
S t ~ ~ l u of
r eekctrodynamic and panick h a t i n g in forbidden 0 I 6MOA emissions. 11 - Analysis of OGO sunrix and s u n x t hours
the undisturbed polar tbermosphere 4 data pa018 A7614838
pOOl8 A7614318 pa023 A7642683 WASSER, 1.
Structure of ekctrodynamic and p r t i c k heating in TREFALL, H. Latitudinal dependence of rtomic orygen density
the disturbed polar thermosphere Field-aligned prmpitation of greater than W k e V betwan 90 and 120 kilometcrs as derived from OG0.6
pa027 ,477-23201 ekctrons obxrvations of the 5577 A nightglow
TANG, F. pa022 A7636276 pa034 N7627744
Slow X-ray bursts and flares with filament TROSHICHEV, 0 . A. WEST, H. I.. JR.
disruption Rinr c u m n t asvmmetrv
.~ Pitch angk distributions of energetic ekctrons in the
pa016 A7543792 pooO2 A7143663 equatorial mgiionsof ths outcr magnetospherc - O G 0 5
Slow X-ray bursts and chromospheric nares with TSURUTANI, 6 . T. obxrvations
filament disNption EMromagnetic hiss and relativistic e k t r o n lows pa01I A75-22759
[NASA-CR-14215 I] ~ 3 ~75-17281
2 in the inner zone Observations of protons with energiesexcading I 0 0
TAYLOR. H. A.. JR. pa012 A75-23716 keV in the earth’s magnetosheath
In-situ obxrvations of irregularionosphericstructure Prooerties Of ELF ekctromnrnetic waves in and pa020 A7622092
associaled with the plasmapaux aboveiheearth’sionospheredcdu& from plasma wave Energetic e k t r o n s in the inner belt in I968
pooOe A75-I1853 erperimenlr on the OVI-17 and Ogo 6 satellites pa022 A7635289
High latitude minor ion enhancements - A clue for pa018 A7616507 A study of ekctron spectra In the inner belt
studks of magnetosphere- atmosphcre coupling
Magnetorheath lion roars pa024 A7644653
pa022 A7633057 Multiple-satellitc studies of magnetospheric
pmoS A75-12439 The loul time variation of ELF emissions durin8 substorms - Radial dynamics of the plasma sheet
Dynamiaof Mid-latitude light ion trough and pkasma periods of substorm activity
tails pa026 A77-16868
pa029 A77-31391 OGO 5 obxrvations of Pc 5 waves. Partick flux
pa012 A75-27383 modulations
Ion composition irregularities and pa030 A7742295
ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling - Observations of a U WEST, H. L.. JR.
high latitude ion trough Angular distributions of solar protons and
pa013 A75-28356 UNGSTRUP, I.M. ekctrons
High-latitude troughs and the polar cap boundary ‘Hiukn’ - Quasi-periodic (T approximately equal to pa016 A7541805
pa020 A7622105 2 yc) VLF noise forms at auroral latitudes WILEY, w., 111
Geomagnetic storm effects on the thermosphere and pOOO9 A75-I6440 ”he dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the
the ionosphere reveakd by in situ measurements from U N n , T. synchronous orbit
OGO 6 P i o n a r 9 and OGO 5 observations of an pa017 A 7 5 4 2 8 5
pa025 A77-16240 interplanetary multipk shock enscmbk on February 2. WILLIAMS. D. J .
Lyht ion and e k c t r o n troughs observed in the 1969 Field-aligned precipitation of greater than W k e V
mid-latitude topside ionosphere on two pasxs of OGO pa016. A7542744 ekctrons
6 compared to coincident equatorial e k t r o n density On tbe causes of Ipectral enhancements in solar wind pa022 A7636276
d e d u a d from whistkrs power spectra WINKLER. C. N.
pa030 A7742297 pa020 A7622081 Long-term cosmic ray modulation in the veriod .
THOMAS, B. T. l96&1<72 and interplanethry magnetic fields
Substorm effects on the neutral sheet inside IO earth
radii V WINNINGHAM, J . D.
pa023 A7639130

pa016 A 7 5 4 2 3 2 Dependence of the latitude of the cleft o n the

THOMAS, G. E. VOGT, R. E. interplanetary m a w t i c f d d and substorm activity
A cometary hydrogen model - Comparison with Measurements of the cosmic.ray k,B rat,O and the WOLFE, J. H. pa020 A7622107
O G 0 5 measurements of Comet Bennett 11970 II)
pool3 a i 5 - 3 m i
Global atomic h y d r w n densitydenvcd fromOG0.6
age of cosmic rays

VOLLAND, H.
* A74-30’87 Pioneer 9 and OGO 5 obxrvalions of an
intcrplanctary multipk shock ensembk on February 2.
Lyman-alpha measurements l’hcory of the p h a x anomaly in the thermosphere 1969
pa021 A7628988 pomS A7412645 pa016 A7542744
Global atomic oxygen density derived from O G 0 6 Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphere WRIGHT, J. w .
1304 A airglow measurements W A75-12453 Comparisons of lonogram and OGO 6 satellite
pa021 A7628989 Differential rotation Of the magnetosphenc Plasma observations of small-unk F region inhomogeneities
THORNE, R. M. as c a u x of the Svalgaard-Manrurov cflecl pa028 A77-2321 I
Plasmaspheric hiss. pa014 A75-35036 WYDRA, B. J .
pmM A73-26984 VORPAHL, J . Global erospheric temperatures and densities under
Intensity variation of ELF hiss and chorus during Magnetic fields. bremsstrahlung and synchrotron active solar conditions
isolated substorms emission in the flare of 24 &tObsr 1969 pa028 A77-25183
[NSSDC-ID-69-05 IA-22-PM1 pooO7 A7444202 porn2 A7143849 Global exosphcnc temperatures and densities under
Electromagnetic hiss and relativistic ekctron losgs active solar conditions
in the inner zone VORPAHL, J. A .
Solar X-ray studies [NASA-CR- 1453941 pa034 N7610610
pa012 A75-23716 [NASA-CR-1421641 pa033 N75-18144
The local time variation of ELF emissions during
penods of substorm activity Z
THUILLIER, G .
pa029 A77-31391
W ZIRIN, H.
Vertical red line 6300 A distribution and tropical Magnetic fields, bremsstrahlung and synchrotron
nightglow morphology in quiet magnetic conditions WACHTEL, C. emission in the narc of 24 October 1969
pooM A7411523 Expnmenfal model of the exosphenc temperature pOm2 A7143849
An explanation of the longitudinal variation of the b a d on optical measurements on board the OGO 6
O I D (630 nm) tropical nightglow intensity satellite
pa019 A7621456 pa023 A7642390

VI-23
 C. CORPORATE SOURCE INDEX

Typical Corporate Source Index Listing (10IDRADO UNIV., BOULDER.

N
On t k cometary hydrogen coma and far U V
emission
pOOW N76-21066 N A W Y A L AERONAllTICS AND SPACE
CORPORATE SOURCE Satellite observations of t k global distnbution of A D M I N I S I 1 A T K J N C a D D A R D SPACE F L I C H T
stratospheric owne CFNTCR. GREENBELT. MD
pOO36 N78-12583 relativist^ inkrplanetary ekctrons and positrons
poO31 N71.252811
SMITHSDNIAN A S R O W Y S l C A L
0.SERVATDRY. CAMBRIDGE. MASS. F A ncu buw of the nng current
$03l V7>17947
TIcrmapLcnc telpnturr. &nul).. and
A L L t E mcasuremenls at low and mod latitude
FARADAY LAES.. INC., LA JOLLA, CALIF. pOOl1 N74-28251
lNASA-CR-I5Xl@I pW11 N77-2)6U oGo6 gpssurfacc energy transfer experiment
[NASA-CR-l35WFl] poO31 N74-25869

4 ~ 1
High latitude ionosphcnc winds related io

NUMBER NUMBER
Fl NUMBER
FRANKLIN INST., SWARMMORE, PA.
Analysis of proton and ekctron spcctrometer data
from O G 0 5 spaacraft
(NASA-CR- 1420781 pOO32 N75-I7020
solar-inlcrplaneiar) conditlons
pOO32 N74-2901

Features of polar cusp c k a r o n precipitation

awociaicd with a largc magnetic storm
IhASA-TM-X-10792) poO32 h 7 > - l B 7 3
L i s t i n g s in t h i s i n d e x a r e a r r a n g e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y L
Magnetic anomaly map of Nonh Amenca south of
by c o r p o r a t e s o u r c e T h e t i t l e o f the d o c u m e n t 50 degrccs north from Pogo data
p r o v i d e s the u s e r with a b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e LABORATORIO D I RICERCA E T E C H N O L O G I A
INASA-TM-X-7 12291 pOO35 N77-135117
PER U)m D I O D E L PLASMA NELID SPAZIO.
subject matter T h e report number h e l p s to FRASCATI (ITALY). Magnetic f r l d vanalions aborc bo degras invanant
i n d i c a t e the t y p e of d o c u m e n t cited T h e page Thc magnetopause. Part I: Multirntellite latitude at the W O satellites
simultaneous observations of bow shock and pa)37 N7671877
number i d e n t i f i e s t h e p a g e in t h e a b s t r a c t s e c -
magnetopause positions L o w latrludc vanalions of thc magnetic f u l d
tion (VI on which the c i t a t i o n a p p e a r s while t h e
ILPS75-23-PT- I] pOOW N76-33787 pOO37 N767lUW
a c c e s s i o n n u m b e r d e n o t e s t h e n u m b e r by which
Thc magnetopause: Pan 2 Magnetopavx position
t h e c i t a t i o n is i d e n t i f i e d on that p a g e The t i t l e s and the reconnectionprobkm h A V A L RESIARCH L A B . WASHlhG+ON. D C
a r e a r r a n g e d under e a c h c o r p o r a t e s o u r c e in [LPS75-24-PT-Z] pOO35 N76-33788 Tropral UV arcs Companson of bnghtncss with I
ascending accession n u m b e r order The outer magnetosphere. Part I: A multisatellite sub 0 F sub 2
study of the magnetopauK position i n relation with pOO37 N77-86m6
some important fluid dynamic parameters \EW M F X I C O I YIV , ALBCQUERQLE
ILPS762-PT-Il pOO35 N76-33793 U l t r a \ i o k l solar cncrgy survey on OGO-6
( N A S A C R - 1550881 pOO37 N77-8626U
A Thc outer magnetosphere. Part 3 Slmultaneous
mulliulcllite obxrvations of the magnetopause.
ILPS764PT-21 pOO35 N7633795
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES(USSR). MOSCOW.
Auroral oval and magnetospheric cusps LEIDEN UNIV. (NETHERLANDS).
pOO37 N78-70070 Long-term solar modulation of cosmic-ray ekctrons
with eneqks above 0.5 GcV
P
AEROSPACE COUP., IDS ANCELES. CALIF.
pOO37 N77-04176
Solar X-ray studies
Short-term variations of t k cosmic-ray proton and PENNSYLVANIA STATE U N I V , UNIVERSITY
[NASA-CR- I42 1641 pOO33 N75-18144
ekaron intensities I n 1968 and 1969 PARK
pOO37 N77-04177 Thc r o k of ice particulates in the ekctnfication of
the air in the mesosphere
B LOCKHEED MISSILES AND SPACE CO.. P A I D pa133 ~75-24202
ALTO, CALIF.
Global cxosphenc temperatures and densities under
EUNDESANSTALT FUER BODENFORSCHUNG, A multi-satellite study of the nature of wavelike
active solar wndilions
HANNOVER (WEST GERMANY). structures i n the magnetospheric plasma
[NASA-CR- 1453941 pOO34 N76-10610
Comparison of a magnetic local anomaly measured [NASA-CR- 1436801 pOO33 N75-17877
by OGO-6 and a crustal feature
I'IITSEURGH UNIV., PA.
pOO37 N76-71883
M Observations from the Orbiting Geophysical
Observatory 6 of mesospheric airglow and scattering
layers
C M A I N E UNIV., ORONO. pOO33 N75-19882
A study of the heat flux reversal region upstrcam Latitudinal dependence of atomic oxygen density
CALIFORNIA INST. OF TECH.. PASADENA. from the e a r t h s bow shock. using data from the OGO between 90 and I20 kilometers as derived from OGO-6
Analysis of OGO5 and 0-7 X-ray data 5 ekctron spectrometer obxrvations of t k 5577 A nightglow
[NASA-CR-1421311 pOO32 N75-17277 pOO35 N78-11543 pOO34 N76-27744
Slow X-ray bursts and chromospknc flares w i t h
MARYLAND UNIV., CDLLEGE PARK.
filament disruption T k effect of extraterrestrial dust. stratospheric
[NASA-CR-142151] pOO32 N75-17281 warmings. and lower thermospheric pressure systems
CALIFORNIA UNIV., EERKELEY. on O GM measured nightglows i n the earths
Experiment dataanalyws rcport. O G O A expenment
no. I
atmosphere (80 to 100 krn) S
pa031 N74-26848
[NASA-CR-962781 pOO3l Nfd3-33302
CALIFORNIA UNIV., IDS ANGELES. M C D O N N E L L W U G L A S ASTRONAUTICS CO., S M I T H W N I A S ASTROPHYSICAI.
Extremely l o w frequency hiss emissions i n the HUNTINGTON BEACH, CALIF. OISERVATORY, CAHERIDGE, VAS..
magnetosphere Solar cosmic ray obxrvations during 1%9 Therrnosphcnc tcmperaturc. densit). and
pOO32 N74-30528 [MDAC-WD- 14481 pOO37 N78-70785 composition Ncu models
Energetic ekctrons i n the near geomagnetic tail and [NASA-CR- I5300YI pOO35 h77.23648
M I C H I G A N UNIV.. ANN ARBOR.
at synchronous orbit: Spatial distributions and OGO-V radio burst analysis The micrumctcoriiid chpcrimcni on thc O G O 4
accckration mechanisms [NASA-CR-1422321 pa033 N75-19 I14 5alCllllC
pOO32 N74-35223 [NASA-CR-1419481 pOO37 h75.70676
Production p r m s w n g of thc data obtained by the Data user's noks of the radio astronomy experiment
U C L A OGO-5 nuxgate magetometer aboard the O G O V spacsraft STAYFORD IIYIV.. CALIF
[PUEL-pos] pOO37 N75-76086 [NASA-CR- 1436%1 pOOW N75-24593 Lowsnerg) radio emissons from ihc canh and sun
CHICAGO UNIV., ILL. Magnetically ordered heating i n the polar regions of pOO33 N75-20195
O G O 5 experiment E D J cosmic ray ekctrons the thermosphere Magnctosphcnc chorus
[NASA-CR- 1446681 pOO34 N75-32995 plJlo034 N75-32651 pOO33 h75.22939

VI-25
TEMPLE UNIV., PHILADELPHIA, PA C O R P O R A T E S O U R C E INDEX
T
TEMPLE UNlV , PHILADELPHIA,PA
Reduction and analysis of data from W M I C dust
expnments o n Manner 4, OGO 3, and Lunar Explorer
35
[NASA-CR- 1388661 pal32 N74-29255
TEXAS UNIV ,DALLAS
Determination of tropical F-region winds from
atomic oxygen airglow emistons
pal34 N761WO3

VI-26
1 R e w r t No. I 2. Government Accession No. I 3. Recipient's C a t a l q NO.
IASA SP-7601 (Supp. 1) I 5. Report Date
4. Title and Subtitle
June 1978
OGO Program Summary - Supplement 1 6. Performing Organization Code

John E. Jackson
, 10. Work Unit No.
9. Perfwmina Oraanization Name and Address
Jationaf Space Science Data Center
;od.dard Space F1 i g h t Center
I 11. Contract or Grant No.

i r e e n b e l t , MD 20771
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
2. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
l a t i o n a l Aeronautics and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
ioddard Space F1 i g h t Center
ireenbe1 t, MD 20771
5. Supplementary Notes

6. Abstract

This pub1 i c a t i o n supplements t h e "OGO Program Summary" o f December 1975.

The Supplement p r o v i d e s a major updating o f the b i b 1 i o g r a p h i c r e f e r e n c e s
i n the o r i g i n a l p u b l i c a t i o n and c o n t a i n s a comprehensive summary o f t h e
s c i e n t i f i c r e s u l t s of OGO 5 and OGO 6 , which were n o t f u l l y a v a i l a b l e i n
1975. The Supplement f o l l o w s t h e same format as t h a t o f t h e OGO Program
Summary; i t does n o t repeat t h e f i n a l i z e d i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e o r i g i n a l
p u b l i c a t i o n , which should be c o n s u l t e d f o r indexes o f experiments,
experimenters, i n s t i t u t i o n s , and the g l o s s a r y o f A b b r e v i a t i o n s and
Acronyms .
The s i x O r b i t i n g Geophysical Observatories (OGO's) were launched, one per
year, from 1964 t o 1969. OGO's 1, 3 , and 5 were placed i n h i g h l y e l l i p t i c a l ,
l o w - i n c l i n a t i o n o r b i t s t o r e t r i e v e and t r a n s m i t data on t h e i n t e r p l a n e t a r y
region, shock and t r a n s i t i o n zones, t h e magnetosphere, t h e r a d i a t i o n
b e l t s , t h e ionosphere, cosmic rays, m i c r o m e t e o r i t e s , and geocorona.
O G O l s 2 , 4, and 6 were placed i n l o w - a l t i t u d e , n e a r l y p o l a r o r b i t s t o
study t h e n e u t r a l atmosphere, p a r t i c l e i n f l u e n c e a t the poles, a i r g l o w
and a u r o r a l emissions, and s o l a r f l a r e s .

7. Key Words (Suggested by AuthorIsI I 18. 0istribu:ion Statement

A r t i f i c i a l Satellites NASA Programs
B i b l iographies OGO Unclassified - Unlimited
E a r t h Sate1 1 i tes Summary
Geophysical Observations
19. Security Classif. (of this report) [ 20. Security Classif. (of this page) I 21. NO. of Pages I 22. Price'
Unclassified Unclassified 126 I $ 6 . 5 0 HC
F o r sale b y the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 221 61
NASA-Langley, 1978