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1
2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference
Calgary, June 10 – 14, 2007
Measure V(k),I(k) Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) = Vref(k) =
Vref(k-1)+C Vref(k-1)-C Vref(k-1)-C Vref(k-1)+C Vref(k-1)+C Vref(k-1)-C Vref(k-1)-C Vref(k-1)+C
Calculate Power
P(k)=V(k)I(k)
Return
0 1
Figure 3 Flow chart of EPP algorithm.
Count =?
mode 1 mode 2
2
2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference
Calgary, June 10 – 14, 2007
3
2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference
Calgary, June 10 – 14, 2007
irradiance and temperature. Figures 9, 10 and 11 shows be much faster and wider in other PV array application.
the voltage and current waveforms of the PV array, For an inclusive evaluation of the algorithms the
under constant power condition, with P&O, MP&O, change in temperature from -25°C to 75°C is
and EPP algorithms, respectively. considered. The change result in shifting the IV curve
horizontally, as in Figure 8 and is implemented as a
function of sine with period of 6 sec.
VO
IL
Vg
4
2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference
Calgary, June 10 – 14, 2007
Step Change [2] Hua C., Lin J., and Shen C., Implementation of a
DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak
Step change response is one of the most important
power tracking, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
parameters of MPPT algorithms it is a measure of the
speed of the algorithms. Figures 18, 19 and 20 show Electronics , Vol: 45, 1998, pp99-107.
the response of the P&O, MP&O and EPP algorithms [3] Hohm P. and Ropp M. E., “Comparative Study of
under a step change of irradiance from 700W/m2 to Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms,”
1KW/m2. As can be seen from the three graphs there is Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and
a 100msec delay in the response this is mainly due to Applications, Vol. 11, 2003, pp 47¨c62.
the delay in the response of the solar array simulator
and the delay in the software Application. As expected [4] Liu C., Wu B., and Cheung R., “Advanced
the P&O algorithm has the fastest response with Algorithm for MPPT Control of Photovoltaic
300msec rise-time, and then comes the EPP algorithm Systems,” 1st Canadian Solar Buildings Research
with 400ms rise-time and the slowest being the MP&O Network Conference, Aug. 2006.
with 600ms rise-time. [5] Sera D., Kerekes T., Teodorescu R. and Blaabjerg
F., “Improved MPPT algorithms for rapidly
CONCLUSION changing environmental conditions,” 12th
This paper discussed the implementation of a DSP International Power Electronics and Motion
photovoltaic system that is used to evaluate the Control Conference, 2006, pp1614-1616.
performance of the MPPT algorithms. The EPP
[6] Xiao W. and Dunford W.G.: “A modified adaptive
algorithm is tested versus the most popular P&O
hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic
algorithm and its modified version the MP&O. The
power systems,” IEEE Power Electronics
algorithms were tested against fast change in
irradiance, fast change in temperature and step change Specialists Conference (PESC), 2004, pp1957–
in irradiance. The EPP algorithm achieved the same 1963.
accuracy as the MP&O with a speed comparable to the [7] Liu X., and Lopes L.A.C.: “An improved
P&O speed. perturbation and observation maximum power
point tracking algorithm for PV arrays” IEEE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC),
We would like to acknowledge the contribution of the 2004, pp2005-2010.
NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network. [8] Jung Y., So J., Yu G., and Choi J., “Improved
perturbation and observation method (IP&O) of
REFERENCES MPPT control for photovoltaic power systems.”
[1] Al-Atrash, H.; Batarseh, I.; and Rustom, K.; 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,
“Statistical modeling of DSP-based Hill-climbing 2005, pp1788–1791.
MPPT algorithms in noisy environments.” IEEE
Applied Power Electronics Conference and
Exposition (APEC), 2005, pp1773 – 1777.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Constant power operation
VPV
Ipv
VPV x Ipv
Figure 9 P&O voltage & current Figure 10 MP&O voltage & current Figure 11 EPP voltage & current
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2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference
Calgary, June 10 – 14, 2007
Pmax
Pmax-Ppv
Ppv
Pmax
Ppv
Pmax-Ppv
Pmax
Ppv