Predictive Crime Fighting

For several generations IBM has partnered with local governments and police operations to provide
technology that aids law enforcement and security. In 1963 the company helped the New York Police
Department reduce the time required to identify fingerprints from hours to mere minutes. Today, law
enforcement officials in New York, Chicago, Memphis and other cities around the world continue to
use data and predictive analytics to take smarter approaches to fighting crime.

The Selectric Typewriter

The typewriter industry changed forever with the invention of the IBM Selectric typewriter in 1961.
Prior to this innovation, the conventional typewriter’s basket of type bars inevitably tended to tangle,
slowing a typist’s speed. The Selectric was fitted with a golf ball-shaped typing head that replaced the
type bar carriage, reducing the amount of space the typewriter took up on the desktop. The silver-
colored “golf ball” element circumvented the jamming issue: with no bars to tangle, typists’ speed and
productivity soared. The IBM Selectric became the most successful electric typewriter model ever
made, dominating the high-end office typewriter market for 25 years.

A Global Innovation Jam

IBM’s 2006 Innovation Jam was the largest IBM online brainstorming session ever held. IBM brought
together more than 150,000 employees, clients, and constituents from 104 countries and 67
companies. As a result, ten new IBM businesses were launched around innovations ranging from
electronic health record systems to branchless banking. In all, IBM committed a seed investment
totaling $100 million in innovative services and products as a result of the Jam.

Linux - The Era of Open Innovation

IBM’s decision to support Linux brought the power of open source innovation to IBM servers, systems
and solutions. In 2000, IBM announced it would invest $1 billion in Linux, with a concerted focus on
improving the operating system from within the Linux community, transitioning all IBM systems to run
Linux and optimizing existing IBM hardware and software to become Linux-ready. The commitment
caught the attention of CEOs and CIOs all over the world, drove down customer costs while
increasing flexibility and represented a significant validation of open source innovation. Today, Linux
is the fastest-growing operating system in the world.

A Culture of Think
In a sales meeting at NCR, an angry Thomas Watson Sr. barked at his staff “what you men have to
do is THINK!” With that, he wrote THINK on a flip board and told an assistant to put the word on
plaques and give them out. When Watson joined the nascent C-T-R in 1914, he brought the THINK
slogan with him. By the1920s, C-T-R became IBM, THINK signs appeared in many locations and the
slogan became synonymous with the company as it attracted the media spotlight. With THINK as the
mantra, Watson created a culture of independent thinkers and impassioned sellers, empowering a
large, dispersed workforce.

The Making of International Business Machines

In the 1920s, Computer-Tabulating-Recording Company was not very big and not very international,
but it was a fast-growing, small tech company with outsized ambitions. One of those was to be a
global company, at a time when few companies thought that way. Watson began sending lieutenants
overseas to start branch companies that would be run by local managers, an unusual approach when
most companies appointed Americans to run overseas operations. Inspired by broad company names
like General Electric and General Motors, Watson changed C-T-R’s name to International Business
Machines, emphasizing its global aspirations. Today IBM operates in over 170 countries.

The Accessible Workforce

In 1941, IBM hired a legally blind employee, psychologist Dr. Michael Supa, to assist in the hiring of
181 people with disabilities over the following two years. Dr. Supa later helped IBM make its products
more adaptable to the needs of the visually impaired. His motto was “No person is handicapped if he
has the right job.” Dr. Supa is just one example of IBM’s progressive employment practices, which
started with the hiring of its first disabled employee in 1914—76 years before the Americans with
Disabilities Act. IBM has pioneered a number of technology solutions that enhance accessibility, such
as the Home Page Reader, an early Braille printer and speech recognition technology.

Good Design Is Good Business

Thomas Watson Jr. hired architect and industrial designer Eliot Noyes in 1956 to create the Corporate
Design Program at IBM as its first Consultant Design Director. The program brought an increased
design sensibility to architecture, graphics, industrial design, interiors, exhibits and fine art
procurement at IBM. Noyes designed a system for the presentation of IBM products as well as the
larger IBM brand, from the showroom at 590 Madison Avenue to products like the IBM Dictation
Machine. From aesthetic to function, design reflected IBM‘s true corporate mission to use advanced
technology to improve the way people live and do business.

The PC - Personal Computing Comes of Age

On August 12, 1981, at a press conference at the Waldorf Astoria ballroom in New York City, Phillip
“Don” Estridge announced the IBM Personal Computer (IBM 5150) with a price tag of $1,565. Two
decades earlier, an IBM computer often cost as much as nine million dollars and required an air-
conditioned quarter-acre of space with a staff of 60. The new IBM PC was not only faster, it put a
computer within every household’s reach. The IBM PC helped revolutionize the way the world does
business. One year later, it earned Time magazine’s “Person of the Year” award.

Blue Gene
The driving strategy behind IBM’s $100 million dollar, 5-year development project in the 1990s was to
leverage Scalable Parallel Processing with practical purpose: weather prediction, oil exploration, and
complex manufacturing processes. To “do more with less,” IBM engineers embarked on a quest to
dramatically increase the computer’s speed and efficiency while decreasing its size. Designed in
partnership with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the first Blue Gene helped biologists
observe the previously invisible processes of protein folding and gene development. Each iteration
took the technology further — and together, the Blue Gene series revolutionized the economics of
supercomputing.

FORTRAN - The Pioneering Programming Language

Programming early computers meant using an arcane “machine code” specific to each computer. IBM
programmer John Backus found a better solution. In 1957, he and his team produced the first high-
level language, FORTRAN (for FORmula TRANslating System). A FORTRAN program could run on
any system with a FORTRAN compiler, which translated Backus’s code to machine code almost as
efficiently as a good programmer. For the first time, code was comprehensible to people other than
programmers, giving mathematicians and scientists the ability to write programs they could share on
different systems. FORTRAN was a significant step toward freeing software from the constraints of its
hardware.

The Mapping of Humanity's Family Tree

Who am I? How did we get here? Launched in 2005, National Geographic’s Genographic Project
aims to answer these questions. IBM and the Genographic Project began gathering human DNA from
across the world and analyzing it for genetic markers that signal a deviation—or branch—in our family
tree. By examining our ancestral roots, researchers can draw a more complete picture of humanity’s
migratory history. IBM is providing the analytics to read the more than 400,000 samples collected so
far. Through this project, IBM has gained tremendous knowledge of genetic variation and has become
the world’s first company with a genetic non-discrimination policy.

Sabre - The First Online Reservation System

IBM worked for six years with American Airlines to develop a reservation system that would allow the
company to quickly track, fill and file records of the hundreds of passengers that packed its new jets.
The system was an enormous success, and similar models were later sold to Pan Am and Delta. The
Sabre system enabled a major transformation not only of airline reservations, but also of revenue
management, cargo, pricing, scheduling and operations. More significantly, Sabre paved the way for
real-time online transactions—also known as Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)—a precursor of
everything from ATM machines to Internet commerce.

Corporate Service Corps

The IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC) program was launched in 2008 to create leadership
development opportunities for IBMers while delivering expertise-based service for the communities
and organizations in emerging markets. To date 1000 IBMers have participated in CSC projects that
tackle issues from local economic development, entrepreneurship, transportation and education, to
government services, healthcare and disaster recovery. Corporate Service Corps teams now serve in
over twenty countries around the world.

The IBM Punched Card

From the beginning of tabulation, stiff rectangular cards punched with holes became the way data
was recorded and stored. As IBM grew to dominate data processing by the 1920s, its cards—which
only worked on IBM machines and vice-versa—became the global industry standard. In 1928, IBM
improved on the cards’ design so more data could be stored on a single card. From the 1950s
through about 1970, IBM punched cards were the primary way corporations and governments stored
and accessed information, making the cards the most durable, successful data storage medium since
the book.

The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory

“Think” was at the core of Watson’s being. In 1944, he established the Watson Scientific Computing
Laboratory at Columbia University, the first corporate laboratory dedicated to pure scientific research.
There, a handful of scientists used machines previously dedicated to accounting to investigate
everything from atomic fission to the orbit of the moon. Embedding IBM within a university helped to
develop a diverse new field of thinkers. Today, eight IBM labs work with government and university
research labs worldwide. This new model of “collaboratories” allows the company to stretch its budget
and access some of the best minds on the planet.

DRAM - The Invention of On-Demand Data

In the mid-1960s, IBM researcher Bob Dennard developed the world’s first one-transistor memory,
calling it “dynamic random access memory,” or DRAM. Finally, mainframes could be outfitted with
short-term memory to act as a buffer to the data stored on disk drives. The memory chips would hold
information the computer was working on right then, so it could go back to the disk drive only when it
needed something new. This vastly sped up the process of accessing and using stored information.
DRAM instantly made computer memory smaller, denser and cheaper, all while requiring less power.

Automated Test Scoring

IBM pioneered the measurement of academic performance with 1937’s IBM 805 Test Scoring
Machine. This machine was able to score tests in less time than it took to manually mark the answer
sheet, and was many times more accurate. Its innovative pencil-mark sensing technology gave rise to
the ubiquitous phrase, “Please completely fill in the oval.” The innovation came into use just prior to
World War II, when the government relied on the machine to process and place large numbers of
applicants into jobs.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) revolutionized our ability to manipulate solid surfaces the
size of atoms. Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of IBM’s Zurich Research Center were awarded the
1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the STM. And the STM, in turn, has led to other
discoveries on a “nano” scale, playing an essential role in the blossoming of nanotechnology. It was
vital in the 1990s discovery of fullerenes, which led to the development of the carbon nanotube. The
Nobel committee said the invention opened up “entirely new fields... for the study of the structure of
matter.”

System 360 - From Computers to Computer Systems

Few products in history have had the massive impact that the IBM System/360 has had—on
technology, on the way the world works, or on the organization that created them. The System/360
ushered in the era of computer compatibility—for the first time allowing models across a product line,
and even from other companies, to work with each other. It marked a turning point in the emerging
field of information science. After System/360, the industry no longer talked about automating
particular tasks with “computers.” Now, technology providers talked about managing complex
processes through “computer systems.”

The Optimization of Global Railways

IBM’s first customer in Italy, the Italian state-owned Ferrovie dello Stato (Italian Railways) turned to
IBM in 1928 to automate its administrative processes. The result was an inventory of spare parts that
drastically reduced waste and statistical traffic analysis that helped to schedule and allocate trains.
Italian Railways was one of the first organizations to fully exploit the advantages of IBM’s large-scale,
large-volume data management capabilities. IBM’s work there led to railway engagements in India,
the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, France,
Guatemala, Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Yugoslavia.

A Computer Called Watson

IBM’s latest computer, code-named “Watson” leverages the leading edge Question-Answering
technology, allowing the computer to process and understand natural language. It incorporates
massively parallel analytical capabilities to emulate the human mind’s ability to understand the actual
meaning behind words, distinguish between relevant and irrelevant content, and ultimately,
demonstrate confidence to deliver precise final answers. In February of 2011, Watson will make
history by being the first computer to compete against humans on television’s venerable quiz show,
Jeopardy!.

Rise of the Internet

In 1987, IBM, working with the U.S. National Science Foundation and our partners at MCI and Merit
designed a new high-speed National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) to connect US
universities and 6 US-based supercomputer centers. The NSFNET greatly increased the capacity of
the Internet (increasing the bandwidth of backbone links from 56 Kilobits/sec to 1.5 Megabits/sec to
45 Megabits/sec) and greatly increased the reliability and reach of the Internet—reaching more than
50 million users in 93 countries when management of the Internet infrastructure was transferred to the
telecom carriers and commercial Internet Service Providers in 1995.

RAMAC - The First Magnetic Hard Disk

The world’s first hard disk drive was the size of two kitchen refrigerators set side by side. It contained
24 disks spinning at 1,200 revolutions per minute, supplying data at 100,000 bits per second. It was
the IBM RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), and it allowed enterprises to
think about data in new ways—mixing and matching it on the fly, allowing each bit of information to be
read or changed randomly. Along with IBM’s magnetic tape drive, the 1956 release of RAMAC
essentially launched the data storage industry.

Excimer Laser Surgery

In 1981, three IBM scientists—Rangaswamy Srinivasan, James Wynne and Samuel Blum—
discovered how the newly invented excimer laser could remove specific human tissue without
harming the surrounding area and do so on an extremely minute scale—a process that became the
foundation for LASIK and PRK surgery. The painless procedure, which changes the shape of the
cornea, has improved the vision and quality of life for millions of people around the world.

Magnetic Stripe Technology

In 1969, IBM engineer Forrest Parry had a problem. He was trying to affix a strip of magnetized tape
with a piece of plastic to create an identity card for the CIA, but he was struggling to combine the two
components. When he mentioned the problem to his wife, who happened to be ironing clothing at the
time, she suggested that he use the iron to melt the strip on. He tried it, and it worked. The magnetic
stripe, when combined with point-of-sale devices and data networks, was one of the catalysts that
accelerated the proliferation of credit card usage around the world, transforming commerce forever.

The First Salaried Workforce

Thomas Watson Sr. always believed in making his workers feel dignified. In 1934, he bucked a trend
toward paying factory workers in piecework, instead paying by the hour. Continuing the tradition, in
1958 IBM became the first industrial organization to place all regular, hourly-rated domestic
employees on a salary basis. This change in pay practice made all domestic employees part of same
basic compensation plan, providing its workforce with economic stability and equality.

Optimizing the Food Supply

IBM worked with the Danish government in 1988 to create a nationwide cattle registry. This National
Cattle Database collected and managed a breadth of information on 1.2 million bovine animals—
including yield, breeding abilities, herdbook, medical history and even udder size and shape. The
database has enabled farmers to optimize the breeding and yield of every cow and provided the
Danish government with the visibility and traceability critical to the export of agricultural products. IBM
continues to help governments, farmers and fisheries around the world develop smarter food chains
to maximize yield and ensure safety and quality.

The Floppy Disk

The IBM engineers who developed the floppy disk never could have dreamed that it would soon
become instilled in the fabric of consumers' lives. It was originally designed for large-scale systems,
as a more efficient form factor for IBM's System/370 mainframe data loads. But soon, the disk's small
size and ever-increasing storage capabilities led to its adoption by smaller systems as well. Usable,
durable and flexible, the floppy disk quickly became ubiquitous as the preferred storage medium for
the emerging personal computer industry.

SAGE
The First National Air Defense Network
In the depths of the cold war, IBM was contracted to help safeguard the United States by building an
air defense system known as the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). When fully deployed
in 1963, the system consisted of 27 centers throughout North America, each occupying an acre of
floor space. SAGE was the first large computer network to provide man-machine interaction in real
time. It provided the user with speed, altitude, and weapons availability data. Fortunately, while SAGE
made available a number of formative computer technologies, much of its capabilities never had to be
put into use.

IBM 1401: The Mainframe

In 1959, IBM introduced the 1401, the first high-volume, stored-program, core-memory transistorized
mainframe computer. Its versatility in running enterprise applications of all kinds helped it become the
most popular computer model in the world in the early 1960s. IBM also introduced the 1403 chain
printer, which launched the era of high-speed, high-volume impact printing. The 1403 was
unsurpassed in quality until the advent of the laser printer in the 1970s. The 1401 was the first
computer system in the world to reach 10,000 unit sales.

UPC- The Transformation of Retail

The UPC barcode system came into being as the result of one man's breakthrough moment, while
working under a dramatically tight deadline. This 1973 invention turned into one of the most profound
contributions to industrial technology. A truly universal standard, the UPC is among the most
recognized designs in history, and typically IBM: an elegantly simple matrix of information that can be
customized for almost any type of transaction and can yield as much data as needed. For retailers,
the UPC meant savings, better customer service, precise inventory control, and rich stores of
marketing data. UPC changed the point-of-sale experience forever.

Patents and Innovation

By hiring engineer and inventor James W. Bryce in 1917, Thomas Watson Sr. showed his
commitment to pure inventing. Bryce and his team established IBM as a long-term leader in the
development and protection of intellectual property. By 1929, 90 percent of IBM's products were the
result of Watson's investments in R&D. In 1940, the team invented a method for adding and
subtracting using vacuum tubes—a basic building block of the fully electronic computers that
transformed business in the1950s. This pattern—using innovation to create intellectual property—
shaped IBM's history.

IT Optimisation Services
Get more value out of your IT assets
Improve your return on investment with services that can help you simplify your IT environment and
reduce costs. We have developed a comprehensive range of services to address the following IT
optimisation issues.

Security and Privacy Services

Stay one step ahead of hackers and other threats
Build trusted electronic relationships with security and privacy offerings that protect vital data and
ensure continuity of operations. We have developed a comprehensive range of services to address
the following security issues facing small and medium sized businesses.

Business Continuity and Resiliency Services

Keep your business up and running with affordable solutions
Whether it's an act of nature or human error, down time can mean unhappy customers and lost
productivity. Preparing now is far less costly than dealing with the consequences of an unexpected
interruption.

Technical Support Services

Lean on us for optimal performance of your IT environment
Keep your IT environment available and running efficiently with implementation, integration and
support services.

Faster development and testing

A standardised development and test environment can help you realise faster application deployment
with reduced capital and operational costs. IT have virtually no infrastructure to maintain and benefit
from pay-as-you-go pricing for your development, testing and production resources. In minutes versus
weeks using standardised configurations.

Security Managed Services

Cloud-based security services can be an alternative to expensive, on-premise security hardware. Why
not sign up free to IBM Cloud Web and Email Security for 14-days and see what you think? Our
cloud-based security has flexible, service-oriented pricing and service level agreements.
Cloud-based security services offer advantages over traditional security deployments
Extend, improve, enhance and transform your network
As business applications and processes become ever-more centralised and pervasive, your
dependence increases on the network. Ensuring acceptable response times and resilience inevitably
becomes far more challenging.
Deliver a network that connects your customers, employees and suppliers seamlessly

Maintaining your business

Many businesses today depend on consolidated and virtualised IT environments which deliver
excellent efficiencies and cost savings. This can mean greater potential impact from a single incident.
Why do many such organisations select IBM maintenance and technical support?
Consolidated and virtualised IT can mean greater potential impact from incidents

Using tiny fingerprints, IBM works to reduce infant mortality in Nigeria

Teams of IBMers are working in emerging markets to solve their most pressing problems with smarter
systems.
Smarter Products
Smarter products contain embedded systems: sensors, actuators, electronics and mechanical
systems. See how IBM is helping manufacturers make smarter products with embedded systems.
Smarter clouds
Conserve energy. Consolidate resources. Make information secure and available whenever and
wherever it's needed. With requirements like these, we have to be smarter about accessing,
processing and storing data.
Smarter resources
Demand for energy is growing, yet we extract less than 33% of oil from current fields. Here’s how we
can get smarter.
Smart Energy
Now, electricity companies can make smarter decisions about the grid. You can make smarter
decisions about your home.
Smarter Buildings
By 2025, buildings will be the single largest energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gasses on
our planet. If a building's systems interoperate, they can be managed centrally, even intelligently. See
how.
Smarter solutions for Retail
Smarter retailers can manage highly efficient supply chains and offer exceptional shopping
experiences that will keep consumers coming back. In the current economic climate, building trust is
key. Find out how retail is becoming smarter.
Smarter water management
Every time we interact with water, we change it, redirect it or otherwise alter its state. IBM goes deep
into the rising water crisis.
Smarter food
Food is as fundamental as it gets. Technology is shaping how it grows, how it tastes and how it gets
to your plate. A smarter global food system would help eliminate waste, improve quality and ensure
safety.
Smarter cities
As communities continue to grow, they are placing added pressure on our city infrastructures.
Smarter transportation, policing, governance and grids offer relief to urban areas.
Smarter money
Money has been transformed into zeros and ones. It’s invisible. It’s information. Which is central both
to the problem – and to its solution.
Smarter planet: New intelligence
New intelligence will change the way we capture, analyse and act on information, transforming the
way we make decisions for a smarter planet.
Smart Work
Only 3% of companies believe they have reached "process excellence". But many businesses are
getting smarter about how they work. Here's what they are doing.
Smarter Public Services
From the local city council to international collaborations, new ways of working are underway. Find out
how public services are becoming smarter.
IBM can improve the IQ of your IT
There are technologies that can help reinvent your infrastructure so it’s leaner, smarter, more flexible.
Maths skills prove key to emerging innovations
Even the maths-challenged have to acknowledge: business and society are more dependent on
complex algorithms than ever before.
Government in the year 2020
In developing tailored strategies to address six global trends, governments will need to enact a new
kind of perpetual collaboration.
Our world is becoming more instrumented, interconnected and intelligent. That's smart.
People want the world to work smarter. Now's the time we can make it happen. Learn how technology
is enabling a smarter planet.

Wimbledon 2010: IBM is making tennis smarter

Since 1990, IBM has worked with Wimbledon to make sure the world’s oldest and most prestigious
tennis tournament is also the smartest. A perpetual stream of innovation sees the technology become
smarter and greener year on year.
Predictions for 5 near-term innovations
Ubiquitous solar cells, voice browsing, digital dressing rooms, health forecasts and memory tools.
Help wanted: managing today's workforce
Companies face many challenges as they work to develop a highly adaptable workforce for today's
fast-moving, ever-changing market.
How It Works: The Intelligent Utility Network
Technology is already making a major impact on reducing energy costs and enabling more effective
distribution of power.
World Community Grid
Volunteer your PC's unused computing power to advance AIDS research, help treat cancer and
improve the way we live. Here's how it works.
IBM and the world’s great rivers
High-performance computing is coming to the aid of the world's watersheds. Here's what IBM is
doing.
The Virtual Forbidden City
Explore this ancient palace complex in the virtual world, using the social networking tools of the 21st
century.
Harley-Davidson revs up dealer service
Intuitive search, role-based content and easy-to-use tools provide Harley-Davidson dealerships with
the Web experience they'd expect from a brand known for performance.
The Next 5 in 5
Medical avatars. Digital foods. And smart everything: appliances, cars and mobile phones. What's
next? IBM picks the top five innovations.
Virtual worlds create real-world leaders
If you want to see what business leadership might look like in three to five years, look at what's
happening in online games.
From technology manager to chief innovator
Quest Diagnostics' CIO talks about how her role has changed, from managing technology to creating
a culture of innovation.
Why midsize can be the right size
In our faster, flatter world, success goes to companies that are nimble...and size doesn't matter.
A closer look at RFID
Radio frequency identification technology has come a long way. And businesses can go beyond the
beep with insight into their enterprises.
Blogs go to work
Blogs are good for business! Many IBMers use their Internet blogs to gain insight from customers,
partners and even competitors.
Stockholm gets out of a jam
Stockholm reduced congestion, boosted public transport usage and improved quality of life for its
citizens. Here's how IBM helped.
Driving innovation
Green cars. Road charging. Smart-card transit systems. Read about the innovations envisioned for
improving transportation.
Turning green with ingenuity
Environmental protection and business interests are increasingly not only compatible, but
simultaneously attainable.
Intelligent energy for economies and the planet
For energy use that can both build economies and protect the planet, we have to redesign the
systems that bring power to the people.

Case studies - Real solutions. Tangible impacts.

Business & Customer

Animal Health improves speed, efficiency and effectiveness with a business and IT transformation
solution from IBM
Coventry launches first UK city’s mass online brainstorm: CovJam
DVLA and IBM produce new secure-card driving licence and open ‘smart’ future to other government
departments
Ecotricity transforms customer service to leapfrog large utility competitors
Fabergé pushes boundaries to deliver luxury shopping experience on the Web
Irish Medicines Board more than doubles productivity with assistance from IBM
Flying through check-in with Ryanair
Maximising efficiency through shared services: Fiona Capstick is CEO of Southwest One.
Trinity Mirror gets fitter and acts smarter for growth in a tough publishing environment

Organisation & People

Co-operative Financial Services: HR Operations improve value, quality and flexibility
Foreign and Commonwealth Office engages with IBM to harness collective global brainpower in
virtual Jam event
Accessible, engaging e-learning supports customer-focussed service at Oxfordshire County Council
UK Ministry of Defence works with IBM to enable agility and flexibility for the 21st century

Operations & Supply Chain

Brawn GP and IBM make a winning team: helping to deliver competitive advantage through better
product lifecycle management
ESB cuts operational costs and enhances customer service with a Lean Six Sigma initiative
GS1: £1 billion savings opportunity for UK grocery industry with analytics and retail expertise from
IBM
HMRC pioneers IBM’s holistic approach to identifying carbon management priorities
Home Office delivers a smarter estate helped by strategic insights from IBM
Natural England drives its ambitious carbon reduction programme with help from IBM
IBM advises Royal School of Military Engineering on innovative £3billion PPP procurement

Finance & Risk

London and Continental Railways delivers high-speed rail link supported by financial expertise from
IBM

Technology
Defra applies analytics to develop green strategy

Business Analytics & Optimisation

Defra applies analytics to develop green strategy
GS1: £1 billion savings opportunity for UK grocery industry with analytics and retail expertise from
IBM
London and Continental Railways delivers high-speed rail link supported by financial expertise from
IBM

Enterprise Applications
Aesica Pharmaceuticals prescribes SAP and IBM to meet its global ambitions
Ecotricity transforms customer service to leapfrog large utility competitors
St. James’s Hospital cuts inventory costs with SAP and IBM
Severn Trent Water cuts costs with total asset management solution from SAP and IBM
Warburtons rises to meet new challenges with IBM and SAP

Application Services
Partnership drives business focus while reducing application management costs at Aviva
Defra gives public visibility of noise pollution
Fabergé pushes boundaries to deliver luxury shopping experience on the Web
Jegs enhances efficiency and customer service - transforming business processes with IBM
Merit Foundation and IBM help rheumatologists revolutionise patient care across Europe
On Demand Community

What is the On Demand Community (ODC), and why should employees and retirees participate?

If you are already volunteering your services to your local community – whether to a school, charity,
or other not-for-profit organisation, you could nominate that organisation for a donation of equipment
or cash? Mark Wakefield, UK Corporate Citizenship Manager, answers some frequently asked
questions about ODC...

Q. What is the main objective of the On Demand Community initiative?

A. To assist our IBM employees and retirees to make a real difference in the communities in which we
live and work.

Q. Why 'On Demand'?

A. Those volunteering and those interested in volunteering can download and access resources from
the ODC intranet at any time, to enable them to volunteer or become more effective volunteers 'On
Demand'.

Q. What does it mean to employees and retirees in the UK who already volunteer their services?
A. It means an increased number of better quality resources to help them be more effective
volunteers and it gives them access to Community Grants for the organisations that they volunteer
with - provided that they have registered on the ODC site, recorded their volunteering hours and that
they have completed a minimum of eight hours volunteering per month for five months (a total of 40
hours). (There are some restrictions on which organisations and activities can be supported - details
are available on the ODC intranet site.)
Volunteers also receive recognition upon reaching 50+ hours of volunteering over a 3 month period -
a certificate signed by the UK Chief Executive. There is further potential for recognition through a
Global On Demand Community Excellence Award for volunteers who have exemplified the IBM
values of dedication, innovation and trust through their volunteering efforts.

Q. Who is eligible to participate in ODC?

A. The ODC initiative is open to IBM employees and IBM retirees in receipt of an IBM pension.

Q. What is your advice to employees who might be thinking of volunteering?

A. The skills, knowledge and resources you possess can make a real difference to the communities
we live and work within, creating more cohesive communities in which to live and work, which benefits
us all. Volunteering can also be great fun and very rewarding.

Q. What should employees and retirees do, if they would like to get involved in volunteering?
A. They should visit the ODC site – to find details of national voluntary organisations who provide
volunteering opportunities and volunteering brokerage. There are opportunities local to their working
locations, links to local volunteering centres, plus information and training materials on what it takes to
become a volunteer.
They can also read profiles of existing IBM volunteers who are helping to make a difference in their
local communities. Employees find that volunteering helps them to acquire and develop a broad range
of skills and knowledge that can also assist them in their careers and personal lives.

Supercomputing leadership requires both speed and efficiency

The world's most powerful supercomputer was the first to operate at speeds faster than one
quadrillion calculations per second. It also happens to be almost three times more energy efficient
than the world's second fastest computer. It was made by IBM for the Department of Energy, and its
operations will help certify the reliability of U.S. nuclear stockpiles without conducting underground
nuclear tests.

Since its debut in 1993, the TOP500 Supercomputer List has ranked the most powerful systems in the
world, but IBM was nowhere to be found on that first list that year. Yet, by November 1995, IBM had
produced three of the top ten supercomputers on the list, more than any other company. Today,
thanks to both its historic leadership in business computing and its unmatched commitment to
research, IBM has manufactured 37% of the supercomputers on the entire list. More important, out of
all the computing power represented by the list (also known as "total installed floating point
throughput"), IBM's systems represent more than 39% of that power — more than any other of the
nearly 30 manufacturers today on the list, and more than Hewlett-Packard and Cray (numbers 2 and
3, respectively, in terms of total computing power) combined.

High-speed analysis for smarter, realtime decisions

Government and academic research are just two areas where supercomputers are today employed.
Today, IBM supercomputers perform their blazing fast calculations for the financial industry, oil
exploration, retail services — even gaming. The advantage of comprehensive, realtime analytics,
combined with the need for more energy-efficient information processing has put IBM ahead of its
competition in the areas where it really counts.

How fast can computers get?

The competitive landscape in supercomputing often leads (or follows) the pace and scale of changes
in the information technology industry overall. For example, the most powerful supercomputer in the
world just eight years ago wouldn't even make the TOP500 list today. And the 500th fastest
supercomputer in the world today would have ranked as the 274th such computer only six months
ago.

If the performance-per-second average of all the listed IBM systems represented a single
supercomputer, it would be the 82nd-most powerful computer in the world. (The mean average of all
the top 500 would come in slightly below that, at number 90.) By comparison, the performance
average of all the HP systems listed would rank at number 197.
Energy efficiency will determine the future of supercomputing

The maths is simple: the demand for supercomputer performance is growing much faster than the
global electrical infrastructure's ability to fuel them. Even at less extreme performance levels,
inefficient supercomputers can demand energy costs too great for organisations to bear.

To highlight advances and leadership in this area, the Green500 list was created in 2007 to rank the
world's 500 most powerful computers by how much energy they use to perform their calculations.
There's good news to report on this focus: today's most powerful supercomputer, built by IBM, is also
the list's fourth-most energy-efficient.

Efficiency across the whole supercomputing industry is improving as well. The average of all 500
computers on the list is 108 megaflops-per-watt, a 10% improvement over just six months ago; that's
helped quite a bit by the IBM average, which is 148 Mflops/watt. On the other hand, the HP average
of only 62 Mflops/watt drags down the overall industry's average significantly.
A quintillion operations per second? It's possible

No computer yet built has performed 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 operations in a single second. That
would be a thousand times faster than today's fastest supercomputer. But that's exactly the challenge
that IBM has set for itself, the next "moon shot" in high-performance computing: on June 23, 2009,
IBM announced its intent to build an exaflop system, capable of unimagined power and benefit to the
world.

"Exascale computing" — the performance of one million trillion calculations, an exaflop, in a single
second by a single computer — isn't possible today. (That's the equivalent of the combined
performance of 50 million laptop computers, a stack that would be 1,000 miles high and weigh over
100,000 tons.) But given its research capabilities and the next-generation of architectures it is
developing, IBM engineers know it could be. What might be possible with such computing power that
isn't possible today? From pharmaceutical and genetic research to assessing financial risk with
pinpoint accuracy or modelling the effects of climate change over the course of a century, breaking
the exaflop barrier will enable advances in solving many of the world's present challenges.

Exascale possibilities for a smarter planet

Computers capable of operating at the rate of an exaflop/second could unlock the following
possibilities and much more:

• More than doubling the world's oil reserves

Today's oil recovery techniques — the finding and drilling of oil deposits — have a success rate of
only 30%. Tomorrow's exascale computing could predict with incredible accuracy the location of oil
deposits, increasing those recovery rates to as high as 70%.

• Predicting and fighting pandemics in realtime

Today's supercomputers allow scientists to simulate incredibly complex biological functions —
identifying the origin of diseases and discovering new treatments. However, these complex tasks can
take weeks, even with the help of today's most powerful computers. In the hands of tomorrow's
scientists, exascale systems can turn around disease prediction, identification and cures in realtime,
allowing doctors to outrun the epidemics of tomorrow.

• Realtime analysis of oceans of financial services data

Today's supercomputers — like those used by TD Securities — can speed advanced financial
calculations by 2000% when compared to traditional methods. Tomorrow's exascale financial
calculations will include realtime, intelligent analysis of important factors such as investor profile data,
live market trading dynamics, RSS news feeds and social networks — helping control financial risk
and provide more accurate valuations of assets and investments.

Welcome to the decade of smart - The planet has grown a central nervous system
What does it mean to be smarter?
At IBM, we mean that intelligence is being infused into the systems and processes that make the
world work — into things no one would recognise as computers: cars, appliances, roadways, power
grids, clothes, even natural systems such as agriculture and waterways.

Today, it's not a question as to whether the technology to build a smarter planet is real. Now, we need
to know what to do next. How do you infuse intelligence into a system for which no one enterprise or
agency is responsible? How do you bring all the necessary constituents together? How do you make
the case for budget? Where should you start?

We've learned a lot over the past year about what it takes to build a smarter planet. Importantly, we’ve
learned that our companies, our cities and our world are complex systems — indeed, systems of
systems — that require new things of us as leaders, as workers and as citizens. A smarter planet will
require a profound shift in management and governance toward far more collaborative approaches.
Intelligence — not intuition — drives innovation

Data is being captured today as never before. It reveals everything from large and systemic patterns
— of global markets, workflows, national infrastructures and natural systems — to the location,
temperature, security and condition of every item in a global supply chain. And then there's the
growing torrent of information from billions of individuals using social media. They are customers,
citizens, students and patients. They are telling us what they think, what they like and want, and what
they're witnessing. As important, all this data is far more realtime than ever before.

And here's the key point: data by itself isn't useful. Over the past year we have validated what we
believed would be true — and that is, the most important aspect of smarter systems is data — and,
more specifically, the actionable insights that the data can reveal.

Analytics, Banking, Buildings, Cities, Cloud Computing, Energy, Food, Healthcare, Infrastructure, Oil,
Products, Public Safety, Public Services, Rail, Retail, Security & Resilience, Sustainability, Traffic,
Transportation, Water & Work.

Welcome to the decade of smart.

Building a Smarter Planet: 1 in a Series. Just over a year ago, in the pages of this publication, we
began a global conversation about how the planet is becoming smarter. By smarter, we mean that
intelligence is being infused into the systems and processes that make the world work—into things no
one would recognize as computers: cars, appliances, roadways, power grids, clothes, even natural
systems such as agriculture and waterways.

Trillions of digital devices, connected through the Internet, are producing a vast ocean of data. And all
this information—from the flow of markets to the pulse of societies—can be turned into knowledge
because we now have the computational power and advanced analytics to make sense of it. With this
knowledge we can reduce costs, cut waste, and improve the efficiency, productivity and quality of
everything from companies to cities.

A year into this new era, the signs of a smarter planet are all around us. Smarter systems are being
implemented and are creating value in every major industry, across every region in both the
developed and developing worlds. This idea isn’t a metaphor, or a vision, or a proposal—it’s a rapidly
emerging reality.

In a study of 439 cities, for those that employ transportation congestion solutions—including
ramp metering, signal coordination and incident management—travel delays were reduced on
average by more than 700,000 hours annually and nearly $15 million was saved by each.
A yearlong study by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found
that consumers within smart meter systems saved 10% on their power bills and cut their power usage
by 15% during peak hours.
Eight hospitals and 470 primary care clinics implementing smarter healthcare systems across their
facilities—by making information available to practitioners at the point of care and applying insights
into organizational performance—were able to improve clinical results and operational efficiency by
up to 10%.

Leading retailers have cut supply chain costs by up to 30%, reducing inventory levels by up to 25%
and increasing sales by up to 10%. They did so by analyzing customer buying behaviours, aligning
merchandising assortments with demand, and building end-to-end visibility across their entire supply
chains.

Banks and other financial services organizations around the world are achieving new levels of risk
control, efficiency and customer service. Micro financer Grameen Koota’s optimized loan tracking and
processing has helped increase its customer base from 70,000 to 325,000, while enabling it to predict
cash requirements, better allocate resources and broaden access to capital.
These and other forward-thinking leaders are realizing near-term ROI. But they are also discovering
something deeper. They are finding the hidden treasures buried in their data.

Data is being captured today as never before. It’s revealing everything from large and systemic
patterns— of global markets, workflows, national infrastructures and natural systems—to the location,
temperature, security and condition of every item in a global supply chain. And then there’s the
growing torrent of information from billions of individuals using social media. They are customers,
citizens, students and patients. They are telling us what they think, what they like and want, and what
they’re witnessing. As important, all this data is far more real-time than ever before.

And here’s the key point: data by itself isn’t useful. In fact, it can be overwhelming—unless you can
extract value from it. And now we can. With the right tools, we’re beginning to see patterns,
correlations and outliers. With sophisticated mathematical models, we can take the measure of the
world’s information and actually begin to predict and react to changes in our systems. New York has
smart crime fighting. Paris has smart healthcare. Smart traffic systems in Brisbane keep traffic
moving. Galway has smart water. A smart grid in Copenhagen keeps energy fl owing.

We’ve learned a lot over the past year about what it takes to build a smarter planet. Importantly, we’ve
learned that our companies, our cities and our world are complex systems—indeed, systems of
systems— that require new things of us as leaders, as workers and as citizens.

New responsibilities to protect personal information and privacy, and to secure critical infrastructures.
Global standards, not just technological ones, across all dimensions and at all the interfaces of these
complex systems. New skills and fields of expertise. New ways of working and thinking. A smarter
planet will require a profound shift in management and governance toward far more collaborative
approaches.

Forward-thinking business leaders, policymakers and government officials around the world
understand these challenges, and they are stepping up to them. Above all, they realize that we
cannot wait, cannot let this moment pass. The time to act is now. The decade of smart is under way.
Let’s build a smarter planet.
Migrate from HP Servers and Storage
The true cost of virtualization: Migrating to IBM Systems from HP
IBM eX5 systems provide clients with a lower cost system than HP’s current competitive system, even
if HP gave their systems to the client for free.

Migrate from Oracle Servers and Storage

Don’t settle for an uncertain future
Now that it has been acquired by Oracle, the future of Sun’s hardware business is highly uncertain.
The company canceled Rock, its next-generation chip project, leaving customers to wonder if Oracle
will focus solely on software and leave the hardware like so much space junk. That’s why
understanding the cost implications of maintaining your current Oracle hardware environment versus
investing in newer, more powerful technologies with stable roadmaps is critical.
The undefined future of Sun’s hardware plus Oracle’s lack of experience in running a hardware
business puts your infrastructure at great risk for forced migration and increased cost. But don’t worry,
IBM has migrated 5,000 customers worldwide in the last 4 years from competitive platforms, and we
offer a clear, cost-effective roadmap for Oracle customers like you. It’s time to orbit a smarter planet.

Migrate from Oracle Server and Storage pathways

Migrating from Oracle servers can be an easy, well-travelled road. With IBM’s broad range of
offerings, you can choose the system that’s right for the future of your business.

Migrate from Dell Servers and Storage

Get true value and satisfaction: Migrate from Dell Servers and Storage to IBM Systems
Workloads are growing, data is exploding, and memory-intensive applications need more than raw
processing power, they need more memory to maximize performance. It’s tempting to migrate to a
low-cost solution from Dell servers. But be advised: lower initial costs don’t necessarily mean lower
total cost of ownership. Enterprise X-Architecture allows System x and BladeCenter systems to boost
performance and minimize licensing costs by de-coupling memory from the processor. This allows
businesses to add memory as needed without necessarily adding servers. You also get proactive
systems management tools, which can help you reduce complexity and manage risk. It all adds up to
true value and peace of mind.
Migrate from EMC Storage
Storage you can look forward to. Agile system storage solutions from IBM keep up with the needs of
your business and protect your long-term investment far into the future.
Get reliable, agile, long-term storage hardware solutions: Migrate from EMC Storage to IBM Systems.

Why Migrate to IBM

Optimizing the environment for specific business needs
IBM provides a range of systems that are engineered to address the requirements of different types of
workloads, allowing clients to take a workload optimized approach in how they meet the needs of the
business. Clients can select the IBM system that best manages their distinct workloads - a
combination of applications, data, service levels, security, and quality of service. Our workload
optimized systems can improve your competitive advantage by scaling to fit your fluctuating business
needs, while allowing you to develop new capabilities and processes. The end result is a smarter
approach to business and IT service delivery that helps improve service, reduce cost and manage risk
while accelerating business growth.

Transform your business with an experienced partner

Don’t hinder your business’ potential with an outdated infrastructure any longer. IBM has the skills and
technology to help you plan, implement and maintain your infrastructure, and can do so on a budget
you can trust. By taking a comprehensive view of IT operations, IBM can help you transform your IT
infrastructure into an agile operation to help you meet your strategic goals now and in the future.
IBM® Systems offer industry-leading performance, virtualization and energy efficiency. And these
systems have a track record — protecting investments in applications, skills and technology
resources. Only IBM can offer innovations today that give you the confidence and flexibility to select
the platform that best suits your business requirements now and in the future. And IBM provides a
team of experts who have over 25 years of know-how in seamlessly moving customers to IBM
systems.