Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável e Desenvolvimento Humano

Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável
e Desenvolvimento Humano:
'HVDıRVGDSDUD)RUPD×ÊR
XX CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO
NORTE DE PORTUGAL-GALIZA
28 e 29 de junho de 2018
EDIÇÃO
0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
+LSLNHsqV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[L
Título
;9()(3/6+0.56,479,.6:<:;,5;Í=,3,+,:,5=63=04,5;6/<4(56!
+,:(-06:+(7(9(-694(h²6
Direcção Editorial
*LSPUH.LYHSKLZ
Coordenação Editorial
:PS]PH=PLPYH1VZt4HU\LS*HZ[YV
Data da Edição
4HPV
Tiragem
L_LTWSHYLZ
Depósito Legal

ISBN

Índice
Índice ............................................................................................................................................
Prefácio – (WYLZLU[HsqV+V*VUNYLZZV .......................................................................................

Antonio Leite .................................................................................................................................
+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
Margarita Valcarce e António Rial Sánchez...................................................................................
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
I – CONFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................................................
1. TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL

E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO ...........................................................................................
Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável e Desenvolvimento Humano

“Entre controvérsia do passado e perspetivas “mágicas”......................................................... 17
4HU\LS*HY]HSOVKH:PS]H*LU[YVKL,Z[\KVZ:VJPHPZ<UP]LYZPKHKLKL*VPTIYH
2. FORMAÇÃO E TRABALHO – LUGAR(ES) DE CULTURA? ......................................................
Formación y trabajo – lugares de cultura? ..................................................................................

4HYNHYP[H=HSJHYJL-LYUmUKLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
II – MESAS REDONDAS E PAINEIS ............................................................................................. 55
1. FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO – 20 ANOS A APRENDER/APREENDER .........................
20 Años de la formación profesional: pasado presente y perspectivas de futuro. ...................

(U[VUPV9PHS:mUJOLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Formación Profesional en Galicia. Revolución silenciosa.
Antecedentes da Formación Profesional en Galicia...................................................................
4HYxH,\NLUPH7tYLa-LYUmUKLa:\IKPYLJJP}U?LYHSKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
KH*VT\UPKHKL(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPH
Orientação para o sucesso – antes, durante e após a formação. .............................................
1VZt4HU\LS*HZ[YV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
2. DA CORRIDA PARA A HIPERESPECIALIZAÇÃO

À URGÊNCIA DOS SABERES BÁSICOS .................................................................................
Da corrida para a hiperespecialização à urgência dos saberes básicos ..................................

3H\YH9LNV(NYHZV<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Da corrida para a hiperespecialização à urgência dos saberes básicos
- “em contexto de educação-formação” ....................................................................................
6Sx]PH:HU[VZ:PS]H0U]LZ[PNHKVYH
Da corrida para a hiperespecialização à urgência dos saberes básicos ..................................
1VZt7LKYV(TVYPT<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

3. PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO “4.0” – MEDIAÇÃO HUMANA E/OU ROBOTIZAÇÃO ...........
Processos de Formação “4.0” – Mediação Humana e/ou Robotização ...................................

*Sm\KPH(STLPKH7PU[V*0**675*LU[YVKL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
KH0UKZ[YPHKL*VUZ[Y\sqV*P]PSL6IYHZ7ISPJHZ
III – COMUNICAÇÕES ..................................................................................................................
1. ORIENTAÇÃO, EMPREGO E EMPREGABILIDADES ..............................................................
• La movilidad internacional y el desarrollo de competencias

para la empleabilidad de la juventud........................................................................................
(UH=HZX\La9VKYPN\LaL1LZZ.HYJPHÍS]HYLa
• Interacción en redes sociales sobre contenidos de la blogsfera de orientacion laboral.......
*YPZ[PUH.VUaHSLa3VYLU[L4PYPHU4HY[xULa1\mYLa4PJHLSH:mUJOLZ4HY[PU1H]PLY7tYLa*\Z}
5H[HSPH.VUamSLa4VYNHL7PSHY4HY[xULa*SHYLZ
• Re (Orientar) por uma escolha em liberdade ...........................................................................
0ZHILS9VKYPN\LZ.VUsHS]LZ
÷(OHPSOHR\VXVLJQLðFDGRSDUDSHUVRQDVGHVHPSOHDGDVPD\RUHVGHDŅRV ....................
+PHUH(TILY4VU[LZ
• Aprendizaje-servicio (apS) y empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios en españa.
Diseño de una investigación. ....................................................................................................
4PN\LS(:HU[VZ9LNV4HY3VYLUaV4VSLKV0NVY4LSSH5|LaL1LZZ.HYJxH(S]HYLa
• Necesidades de Orientación y Competencias Clave en el contexto laboral atual ................
4HYPH*YPZ[PUH*LPUVZ:HUa,SLUH-LYUmUKLa9L`L4PN\LS(U_V5VN\LPYH7LYta
• Retos de la Oriéntacion Profesional para la (Re)Inserción Laboral en la Sociedad Actual ...
4HYPH*YPZ[PUH*LPUVZ:HUaL4PN\LS(U_V5VN\LPYH7tYLa
2. FORMAR PARA FUTUROS QUE NOS DESAFIAM A APRENDER ..........................................
• We need challenges: The case on Four Project-Based Learning iniciatives at portugueses

higher education institutions.....................................................................................................
7H[YxJPH(YHQV:\ZHUH:HU[VZL,]H+PHZ6SP]LPYH
• Nuevas oportunidades de desarrollo profesional: análisis de las ecologias de aprendizagem .
0YPZ,Z[t]La)SHUJV=LYVUPJH0NSLZPHZ-YHUJPZJV:HU[VZL)PIPHUH9LN\LPYV
• Formar para a qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento sustentável..........................................
7H\SH.PS9HTVZ
• Skills 4.0 Retos para a nova indústria ......................................................................................
6SH`H8\LPY\NH:HU[HTHYPHL4HYPH*HYTLU:HU[VZ.VUamSLa
• Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio: proposta de uma formação integral ............
3HYPZZH.V\SHY[9VKLPN\LZ*HYKVZV(U[VUPV-SVYLUJPV9PHS:mUJOLaL,SLUH-LYUHUKLa9L`
• A inserciõn laboral dunha acción formativa pertencente á Industria 4.0: Estudo de caso ...
6SH`H8\LPY\NH:HU[HTHYPHL4HYPH*HYTLU:HU[VZ.VUamSLa
• De 1911 a 2013: una revisión de la lagislación en materia de formación profesional............
4*HYTLU:HYJLKH.VYNVZV43\PZH9VKPJPV.HYJPHL4HYP*HYTLU*HSKLPYV7LKYLPYH
4 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

• Ecologias de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida: un estudio de caso. ......................................
(SIH4HYxH:V\[V:LPQV7H[YPJPH9VTLYV4LYJLKLZ.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK
L,K\HYKV9VKYxN\La4HJOHKV
3. TRABALHO DIGNO E A DIGNIDADE DE TRABALHAR...........................................................
• Prevenção de riscos psicossociais no trabalho - do assédio e mobbing

à formação humana, em variáveis como stress, ansiedade e depressão ..............................
5mKPH 3PTH
• Quero un traballo decente! Revisión das politicas de educación para o emprendemento
na Unión Europea ......................................................................................................................
:LY_PH3HNL(YPHZ
• O processo de transição para uma posição de liderança: sistema de auto-defesa
e estratégias de exploração......................................................................................................
)LYUHYKV(STLPKHL*H[HYPUH)YHUKqV
÷0RGHORVGH,QWHUYHQÍÂR3VLFROŉJLFDDSOLFDGD¿VFDUUHLUDVSURðVVLRQDLV
XPDUHYLVÂRELEOLRJUÀðFD ..........................................................................................................
-YLKLYPJV(aL]LKV(S]PT(ZZPZ*H[HYPUHKV=HSL)YHUKqV=PJ[VY*SHKPV7HYHKLSH
L1VHX\PT3\xZ*VPTIYH
• Como as avaliações de larga escala, como a avaliação nacional da alfabetização (ANA),
LQñXHQFLDPDPHWRGRORJLDQRVDQRVLQLFLDLVGRHQVLQRIXQGDPHQWDO ....................................
4HYxH1\SPH+Pa3}WLZL2HYPUH=PLPYH4HY[PUZ(U[\ULZ3VWLZL1LќLYZVU4HY[PUZ*VZ[H
÷)DFWRUHVSHUVRQDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQDPODDðOLDFLŉQVLQGLFDOGHORVDVMŉYHQHVHQ*DOLFLD .....
.\PSStU3HTHZ=HSJHYJL
4. DESENVOLVIMENTO E HUMANIDADE ...................................................................................
• El desarrollo emocional humano: un aprendizaje para la vida ................................................

4HYPHKLS*HYTLU.\[PtYYLa4VHYL;LYLZH4HYPH.\[PtYYLa4VHY
÷,QWHOLJÓQFLD(PRFLRQDOIHOLFLGDGHHñRZTXHUHODÍŋHVFRPRWUDEDOKRDFDGÒPLFR
e o bem estar subjetivo em jovens adultos..............................................................................
/LSLUH0ZHILS(S]LZ4V\[PUOV(UKYt4VU[LPYV(UH*VZ[HL3\xZH-HYPH
• O programa de educação e cidadania e a alfabetização de adultos .....................................
7H[YxJPH4HYJLSPUH3V\YLZ
• O Desenvolvimento Humano e Sustentable como contido no contexto
da Formación Profesional Inicial: a perspectiva dos axentes sociais ....................................
3H\YH9LNV(NYHZVL,]H4HYPH)HYYLPYH*LYX\LPYHZ
• Desarrollo humano y envejecimiento activo: un binomio de trabajo digno............................
0YLUL:HU[VZ(STLPYH;HTHYH)V\aHZ3HTW}UL4HYPHKLS*HYTLU.\[PtYYLa4VHY
• Manteniendo el desarrollo humano en la vejez. La aténcion gerontológica centrada
en la persona (AGCP): un modelo de trabajo digno? ..............................................................
3H\YH9VKYPN\La9VKYPN\LaL4HYPHKLS*HYTLU.\[PtYYLa4VHY
• ONG - Mestura como proveedora de justicia ocupacional para personas migrantes ...........
4HYPH7H\SH9xVZKL+L\Z;OHPZ7V\ZHKH.HYJxH3PSPHUH9VKYPN\LZ4V[H
L5LYLH+xLa9xVZ
• Desarrollo Humano en la Vejez y Educación para la salud:
un nicho de empleo interdisciplinar..........................................................................................
;HTHYH)V\aHZ3HTW}UL0YLUL:HU[VZ(STLPYH
TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 5

)250$5)250$'25(6.........................................................................................................
• O Curso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica

GR3URIHVRUDGR7ÒFQLFRGH)RUPDFLŉQ3URIHVLRQDO3HUðOGH$FFHVRGR$XPQDGR .............
,]H4HYPH)HYYLPYH*LYX\LPYHZL3H\YH9LNV(NYHZV
• Aprendizajes informales y desarrollo profesional docente .....................................................
0YPZ,Z[t]La)SHUJV0YPH4¢.VUamSLa-YHUJPZJV:HU[VZL4LYJLKLZ.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK
• Aprender en la era digital: recursos que favorecen el desarrollo profesional docente .........
(SIH4HYxH:V\[V:LPQV6SHSSH:HUKL:HYH3}WLaL9VZHSPH3}WLa
• Variables determinantes en el acesso al empleo de los graduados universitarios.
Validación de una escala . .........................................................................................................
1LZZ.HYJPHÍS]HYLaL(UH=HZX\La9VKYPN\La
• Perceptión del futuro profesorado técnico de formación profesional
sobre su formación pedagógica e didáctica ...........................................................................
4*HYTLU:HYJLKH.VYNVZV43\PZH9VKPJPV.HYJPH4HYP*HYTLU*HSKLPYV7LKYLPYH
L9HX\LS4HYP|V-LYUmUKLa
ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................................
ANEXO I – Comissão de Honra ...................................................................................................

ANEXO IIò&RPLVVÂR&LHQWLðFD ..................................................................................................
ANEXO III – Comissão Organizadora ..........................................................................................
ANEXO IV – Programa ..................................................................................................................

PREFÁCIO
APRESENTAÇÃO DO CONGRESSO
António Leite *VT H YLHSPaHsqV KLZ[L ]PNtZPTV *VUNYLZZV HZZP
+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV UHSHTVZ KLaHUV]L HUVZ KL [YHIHSOV JVUQ\U[V L PUPU[LY
Instituto do Emprego e Formação Y\W[V KV 0UZ[P[\[V KV ,TWYLNV L -VYTHsqV 7YVÄZZPVUHS
7YVÄZZPVUHS07 KH <UP]LYZPKHKL KV 7VY[V KH 1\U[H KH .HSPaH L KH <UP
]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH;YHIHSOVKLTHPZ
KLX\H[YVJLU[LUHZKLOVTLUZLT\SOLYLZJ\QVZUVTLZ
ZL LUJVU[YHT YL\UPKVZ LT IYVJO\YH X\L LKP[HTVZ WHYH
V LMLP[V VYP\UKHZVZ KV T\UKV HJHKtTPJV KH WVSx[PJH
KHZLTWYLZHZKVZZLY]PsVZWISPJVZKH0NYLQH/VTLUZ
LT\SOLYLZX\LL_LTWSPÄJHTJVTVtWVZZx]LSHJVSHIV
YHsqVLU[YLNLU[LZLPUZ[P[\PsLZKPMLYLU[LZX\HUKVZHIL
TVZJVSVJHYLTWYPTLPYVS\NHYHUVZZHTPZZqVLVZLY]PsV
WISPJV
5LZ[L JVUNYLZZV KLIH[LTVZ V [YHIHSOV KPNUV V
LTWYLNVZ\Z[LU[m]LSLVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVZLT
KLP_HY KL WLUZHY [HTItT VZ KLZHÄVZ KH 0UKZ[YPH
LKH,K\JHsqVL*\S[\YHV\UqV[P]tZZLTVZYLHSPaHKVV
JVUNYLZZVU\TLZWHsVX\LHPZZVUVZJVU]VJHJVTVt
V*VUZLY]H[}YPVKL4ZPJHKV7VY[V
*VTV ZLTWYL X\LYLTVZ KLYY\IHY T\YVZ L SHUsHY
WVU[LZLU[YLHZUVZZHZK\HZYLNPLZLU[YLV,TWYLNVL
H-VYTHsqVLH,K\JHsqVLH*\S[\YHLU[YLVZZLY]PsVZ
WISPJVZLVZL[VYWYP]HKV
8\LYVYLSLTIYHYVX\LtVUVZZVWH[YPT}UPVJVT\T
LUVZ\UL!
(ZZLN\YHY V\ JVU[YPI\PY WHYH HZZLN\YHY [YHIHSOV

com direitos;
,UJHYHY V [YHIHSOV JVTV MH[VY KL KPNUPÄJHsqV KH
JVUKPsqVO\THUH"
;YH[HYV[YHIHSOVJVTVLSLTLU[VKLPU[LNYHsqVKL
todos e de todas.
<S[YHWHZZHKH H JYPZL t [LTWV KL \S[YHWHZZHYTVZ V

KPZJ\YZVX\LUVZPTW\ZLYHT(JYPZLUqVWVKLQ\Z[PÄJHYH
L_WSVYHsqVKLZLUMYLHKHKHTqVKLVIYH
(JYPZLUqVWVKLQ\Z[PÄJHY\TKPZJ\YZVL\THH[P[\KL
MH[HSPZ[H L KL[LYTPUPZ[H KL X\L UHKH WVKLTVZ MHaLY (
JYPZLUqVWVKLQ\Z[PÄJHYHKLZYLN\SHsqVHZLNTLU[HsqVL
H[V[HSPUKP]PK\HSPaHsqVKHYLSHsqVKL[YHIHSOV
6 TV[L KLZ[L JVUNYLZZV HY[PJ\SV\ WHSH]YHZ JVTV
;YHIHSOV ,TWYLNV +PNUPKHKL :\Z[LU[HIPSPKHKL +LZLU
]VS]PTLU[V /\THUPKHKL THZ [HTItT PUJS\P\ KLIH[LZ
ZVIYL YVIV[PaHsqV TLKPHsqV JPKHKHUPH J\S[\YH ZHILY
LZWLJPHSPaHsqV
8\PZLTVZKLTVUZ[YHYX\LHZX\LZ[LZKV[YHIHSOVL
KHMVYTHsqVWHYHV[YHIHSOVUqVL_PZ[LTPZVSHKHZTHZ
WLSVJVU[YmYPVMHaLTWHY[LKL\TJVU[L_[VX\LJVU]tT
JVUOLJLY LZ[\KHY L KLIH[LY 4HZ X\PZLTVZ [HTItT
WHZZHY KV KLIH[L THPZ V\ TLUVZ JVU[LTWSH[P]V n HsqV
ZVIYLLZZLJVU[L_[V
7VY PZZV WYVJ\YHTVZ ZVIYL[\KV YLÅL[PY L MVYULJLY
WPZ[HZZVIYLHKPNUPÄJHsqVKV[YHIHSOVLKVZ[YHIHSOHKV
YLZJVTVKPTLUZqVLZZLUJPHSKH+LTVJYHJPHLKH1\Z[PsH
:VJPHS
6 KLZHÄV X\L ZL UVZ JVSVJH H [VKVZ YLWYLZLU[HU
[LZKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZLKVZLTWYLNHKVYLZHJHKtTPJVZ
L PU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ KLJPZVYLZ WVSx[PJVZ L YLZWVUZm]LPZ KL

VYNHUPZTVZ WISPJVZ t V KL ULZ[L UV]V ZtJ\SV NHYHU[PYTVZ X\L HZ YLSHsLZ KL [YHIHSOV ZL THU[vT
YLN\SHKHZLUVoTIP[VKVZKPYLP[VZLKL]LYLZKLJPKHKHUPHKLTVJYm[PJHLLZWLJPÄJHTLU[LUVX\HKYVKV
+PYLP[VKV;YHIHSOVJP[HUKV4HU\LS*HY]HSOVKH:PS]HUVZSPTP[LZKH3LPLKH4VYHS
(ÄUHSHX\PSVKLX\L[YH[HTVZPUZJYL]LZLUVWLYxTL[YVKVZ+PYLP[VZ/\THUVZLLZZLZJVTHJYPZLL
VZH]HUsVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZHWLZHYKHJYPZLLKVZH]HUsVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZLH[tZVIYL[\KVKL]PKVnJYPZLL
HVZH]HUsVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZZqVOVQL[qVH[\HPZJVTVX\HUKVHYLZWL[P]H+LJSHYHsqVMVPHZZPUHKHLT
3LTIYVVHY[PNV¢X\LTHYJHWLSHZ\HZPTWSPJPKHKLLWHYHKV_HSTLU[LWLSHKPÄJ\SKHKLLTMHaLYZL
cumprir.
¸(Y[PNV¢
;VKHHWLZZVH[LTKPYLP[VHV[YHIHSOVnSP]YLLZJVSOHKV[YHIHSOVHJVUKPsLZLX\P[H[P]HZLZH[PZ
MH[}YPHZKL[YHIHSOVLnWYV[LsqVJVU[YHVKLZLTWYLNV
;VKVZ[vTKPYLP[VZLTKPZJYPTPUHsqVHSN\THHZHSmYPVPN\HSWVY[YHIHSOVPN\HS
8\LT [YHIHSOH [LT KPYLP[V H \TH YLT\ULYHsqV LX\P[H[P]H L ZH[PZMH[}YPH X\L SOL WLYTP[H L n Z\H
MHTxSPH\THL_PZ[vUJPHJVUMVYTLJVTHKPNUPKHKLO\THUHLJVTWSL[HKHZLWVZZx]LSWVY[VKVZVZ
V\[YVZTLPVZKLWYV[LsqVZVJPHS
;VKHHWLZZVH[LTVKPYLP[VKLM\UKHYJVTV\[YHZWLZZVHZZPUKPJH[VZLKLZLÄSPHYLTZPUKPJH[VZ
WHYHHKLMLZHKVZZL\ZPU[LYLZZLZ¹
:LLZ[LZ+PYLP[VZ\UP]LYZHSTLU[LHJLP[LZMVZZLTKLMHJ[VYLZWLP[HKVZT\P[HKHUVZZHKPZJ\ZZqV
UqV[LYPHMLP[VZLU[PKV
;VKVZ[LTVZLZWHsVWHYHPU[LY]PYLJYLPVX\LJVTLZ[HPUPJPH[P]HKLTVZ\TJVU[YPI\[VWHYHX\LV
;YHIHSOVWVZZHZLYJHKH]LaTHPZKPNUPÄJHKV
5VUVZZV[YHIHSOVKVKPHHKPHJVTWL[LUVZMVY[HSLJLYVZTLJHUPZTVZX\LNHYHU[HTVYLZWLP[VWLSV
HY[PNV ¢ L HZZPT KL]LTVZ JVU[PU\HY H [YHIHSOHY WHYH THPZ LTWYLNV THPZ [YHIHSOV THPZ WYVK\sqV
KLYPX\LaH,WHYHHZ\HTLSOVYKPZ[YPI\PsqV:LVJVUZLN\PYTVZLZ[HYLTVZHJVU[YPI\PYWHYH\TH,\YV
9LNPqVTHPZQ\Z[HTHPZKLZLU]VS]PKHLTHPZKLTVJYm[PJH

Margarita Valcarce Fernández (U[L\UOVYPaVU[LKLYPZJVZTVP[VZWVYUVTLHYWLYKH
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV KLKLYLP[VZL_JS\ZP}UZWYV[LJJP}UZVJPHSPUZ\ÄJPLU[LIYL
KL*VTWVZ[LSH JOHZKP_P[HPZHTLHaHZKHYVIV[PaHJP}UJHTIPVZUHVYNHU
Antonio Florencio Rial Sánchez PaHJP}ULYLJV|LJLTLU[VKV[YHIHSSVTPNYHJP}UZSHIVYHPZ
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV KLZLUJVU[YVZ LU[YL HZ S}_PJHZ MVYTH[P]HZ L WYVK\[P]HZ
KL*VTWVZ[LSH L_[PUJP}UKLWYVMLZP}UZLLTLY_LUJPHKV\[YHZUV]HZL[J"
VLP_VJLU[YHSKLZ[LJVUNYLZVULZ[H]PU[LLKPJP}UUVUMVPH
JVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSZLU}UHWLYZVHHZHL_PZ[LUJPH
LWVZPJP}UUVM\[\YV
6 [YHIHSSV UH HU[PNPKHKL LYH YLJV|LJPKV JVTV \U
JHZ[PNVUHUVZHZVJPLKHKLYLSHJPVUHTVSVJVHKPNUPKHKL
PUKP]PK\HSLJVSLJ[P]HKHZWLYZVHZÍ]LaHKPNUPKHKL[LU
X\L ]LY JV YLZWLJ[V H \U TLZTV\UOH TLZTH L HVZ
KLTmPZ"[HTtUJVH\[VYYLJV|LJLTLU[VLYLJV|LJLTLU[V
KVZHZV\[YVZHZUVZZL\ZLZWHaVZKLWHY[PJPWHJP}ULYLZ
WVUZHIPSPKHKLKLZKLHZVSPKHYPLKHKL
6 [YHIHSSV JVU[YPIL HV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V KH KPNUP
KHKL KHZ WLYZVHZ m ]La X\L HZ WLYZVHZ JVU[YPILU HV
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V KH KPNUPKHKL KV [YHIHSSV -HSHTVZ KL
[YHIHSSVLUVUKLLTWYLNVKLZKL\UOHWVZPJP}UPUJS\ZP]H
KHZ WLYZVHZ HNVJOHKHZ KL[YmZ KHZ KPZ[PU[HZ LJVUVTxHZ
]PZPISLZLPU]PZPISLZLHMVYTHJP}UZLN\LHZLYHLZ[YH[L_PH
M\UKHTLU[HSWHYHSVNYHYX\LVLTWYLNVZL_HZ\Z[LU[HISL
,K\HYKV .HSLHUV KPJxH H TVKV KL HK]LY[LUJPH V
UV]L KL UV]LTIYV KL LU *PKHKL KL 4t_PJV
UH ZLZP}U TH_PZ[YHS KL JSH\Z\YH KH =0 *VUMLYLUJPH 3H[P
UVHTLYPJHUHL*HYPIL|HKL*PLUJPHZ:VJPHPZX\LLULZ[L
PUZLN\YVT\UKVVTmPZPUZLN\YVtV[YHIHSSV,Z[HPUZL
N\YPKHKLLZ[mUHIHZLK\UOHUV]HJ\S[\YHKLHJLW[HJP}U
LYLZPNUHJP}UMYVU[LH[VKVZVZLSLTLU[VZWYLZLU[LZULSH
X\L]HPTHPZHS}KHJVTWL[LUJPHHJ\HSPÄJHJP}ULTLZTV
V [HSLU[V (Z ]LJLZ MVYTHTVZ ZLU YLÅL_P}U WHYH H_\KHY
mZ WLYZVHZ H _LZ[PVUHY LZ[HZ JPYJ\UZ[HUJPHZ JVTWSL_HZ
5VUWHYLJL·WVSVTVTLU[V·X\LLZ[LHTVZH[VWHUKV
ZVS\JP}UZKLTHZPHKVLÄJPLU[LZLU[VKVJHZVPTVZLUZH
PHUKV[LU[H[P]HZLUMVYTHKLTLKPKHZWYV_LJ[VZWYVNYH
THZL[JX\LHWLUHZSVNYHUJVU[YPI\xYHPUJS\ZP}UK\UOH
WVYJLU[H_L KHZ WLYZVHZ LU PKHKL KL [YHIHSSHY WHYH JVU
ZLN\PY\UOH]PKHKPNUH
:LN\LZLUKVPTWYLZJPUKPISLJLSLIYHYLUJVU[YVZJVTH
LZ[LJVUNYLZVUVJHSKLIH[LTVZLZLW\_LYVUKLYLSL]V
HSNUZ [YHaVZ KLZ[H YLHSPKHKL KLZKL \U ]PZP}U M\UKH
TLU[HKH UH ZPJVZVJPVSV_xH KV [YHIHSSV" ZVIYL [VKV UV
UVZVJVU[L_[VWY}_PTVZLN\YVZKLX\LWVKLHYYV_HYS\a
H HSN\UOH KHZ J\LZ[P}UZ X\L UVZ PUX\PL[HU HV YLZWLJ[V
KLZ[HYLHSPKHKLKLPUJLY[LaH
(PUZLN\YPKHKLUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSSVHMLJ[HKPYLJ[H
TLU[L m PUZLN\YPKHKL WLYZVHS L UVZ JVU[L_[VZ KH MVY
THJP}U!WHYHX\tMVYTHY&ZVIYLX\t&J}TV&HX\LU&
JHU[V [LTWV& JVU X\t YLJ\YZVZ& ZVU Z} HSN\UOHZ
PU[LYYVNHU[LZKLYP]HKHZKLZ[HYLHSPKHKLJVTWSL_H(MVY
THJP}UKLILZLN\PYJ\TWYPUKVJVHZHTPZP}UPUJS\ZP]H
WYVWVYJPVUHUKVHWYLUKPaH_LZHKH[H[P]VZm]LaX\L[YHUZ
MVYTHKVYLZWHYHHHÄYTHJP}UK\UOHJPKHKHUxHHKPZ[PU[HZ
]LSVJPKHKLZX\LKLIL[LYNHYHU[PKHZHZTLZTHZVWVY[\
UPKHKLZL[YH[VUVZWYVJLZVZKLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS7VPZZ}
V[YHIHSSVKPNUVWVKLSL]HYUVZHJYLHYLTWYLNVZ\Z[LU[
HISLLH[YH]tZKLSZLN\PYH]HUaHUKVUVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
O\THUV

I – CONFERÊNCIAS
1. TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL
E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO
Manuel Carvalho da Silva
*LU[YVKL,Z[\KVZ:VJPHPZ
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL*VPTIYH

2. FORMAÇÃO E TRABALHO – LUGAR(ES) DE CULTURA?
Margarita Valcarce Fernández
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
Formación y Trabajo
– Lugares de Cultura?
)\LUH[HYKLH[VKHZ`[VKVZ7YPTLYHTLU[LX\PZPLYH
JLSLIYHYLSOLJOVKLLUJVU[YHYUVZJVTWHY[PLUKVSH]LPU[L
LKPJP}U KL LZ[L MY\J[xMLYV LUJ\LU[YV HU\HS LU LZ[L THN
UxÄJV ZHS}U SPNHKV H SH TZPJH JPLUJPH ` HY[L X\L PUZWP
YHYVU LS [x[\SV KLS HU[LYPVY JVUNYLZV JLSLIYHKV LS WHZHKV
H|VLU3\NVJ\HUKV\[PSPaHTVZLSWHYHSLSPZTVKLSVZdúos
` duetos WHYH J\LZ[PVUHY SH LZ[HIPSPKHK KL SHZ YLSHJPVULZ
LU[YLSVZZPZ[LTHMVYTH[P]VZ`WYVK\J[P]VZ
,UZLN\UKVS\NHYX\PLYVKHYSHZNYHJPHZHSVZHTPNVZ
KLS0UZ[P[\[VKL,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKLSUVY[L
KL7VY[\NHSLUWHY[PJ\SHYH1VZt4HU\LS*HZ[YV`*LSPUH
.LYoSKLZHX\PLUHNYHKLaJVX\LTLOH`HWYLZLU[HKV`
KLX\PLUTLN\Z[HYxHKLZ[HJHYZ\[HSLU[V`WYVMLZPVUHSPKHK
LUSH[HYLHJVTWHY[PKHKLVYNHUPaHJP}UKLLZ[LJVUNYLZV
KLZKLLSH|V "[HTIPtUHSWYLZPKLU[L`]PJLWYLZPKLU[L
KLS *VTP[t *PLU[xÄJV · WYVMLZVY 1VHX\PT *VPTIYH TL
HSLNYH [LULY[L KL U\L]V JVU UVZV[YVZ· HS HUÄ[YP}U :Y
+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHS(U[}UPV3LP[LWVYZ\NLULYVZHWY\
KLUJPH"`HSVZHZKLTmZJVTWH|LYVZ`JVTWH|LYHZKLS
JVTP[tVYNHUPaHKVYWVYOHILYTLJVUÄHKVLZ[HJVUMLYLU
cia.
4L L_WYLZHYt LU JHZ[LSSHUV WHYH MHJPSP[HY LS ZLN\P
TPLU[V KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ X\L ]PLULU KL M\LYH KL 7VY[\
NHS V .HSPJPH ,U SH WYLZLU[HJP}U OL PU[LU[HKV [YHK\JPY HS
WVY[\N\tZ SHZ PKLHZ ·H TP Q\PJPV· TmZ YLSL]HU[LZ WHYH
LZWLYV\UHTLQVYJVT\UPJHJP}UJVUSVZHZHZPZ[LU[LZKL
7VY[\NHS
Introducción
,U KPLJPU\L]L JVUNYLZVZ JLSLIYHKVZ OLTVZ W\LZ[V

KL YLSPL]L SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ KLZHMxVZ WHYH SH MVYTHJP}U SH
VYPLU[HJP}U`LS[YHIHQVKLYP]HKVZKLSVZJHTIPVZWYVWVY
JPVUHKVZWVYLSfeed-backZVJPHS`SH[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZ
HKVW[HKHZ WVY SHZ (KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ JVU YLZWVUZHIPSPKH
KLZ YLSHJPVUHKHZ ;HTIPtU OLTVZ HWVY[HKV JVU[YPI\JPV
ULZ]HSPVZHZJVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLJVSHIVYHYLUSHZZVS\JPV
ULZ ,Z T\JOV SV X\L ZL LZJYPIL ` WVJV SV X\L ZL SLL
WVY LSSV ¶ZLN\YHTLU[L¶ UVZ OLTVZ YLWL[PKV LU TmZ KL
HSN\UHWYVK\JJP}U"ZPULTIHYNVSVX\LJ\LU[HLZSHZ\TH
KL SHZ YLÅL_PVULZ KL SVZ PU[LU[VZ KL [LVYPaHY V HU[PJPWHY
WHYHKPNTHZ ` TVKLSVZ L_WLYPLUJPHZ PU]LZ[PNHJPVULZ `
I\LUHZWYmJ[PJHZJVUSHPKLHKLPUZWPYHYSHTLQVYHMVYTHS
`YLHSULJLZHYPHWHYHSHL]VS\JP}U`KLZHYYVSSVKLSHMVYTH
JP}U`LS[YHIHQVLUNLULYHS`LUU\LZ[YVJVU[L_[V[LYYP[VYPHS
L\YVYYLNPVUHSLUWHY[PJ\SHY

3HPU[LNYHJP}UKLSVZZ\IZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}U"SHZULJLZPKHKLZKLSHMVYTHJP}U`SHVYPLU[HJP}U"LS
YLJVUVJPTPLU[VHJYLKP[HJP}U`JLY[PÄJHJP}UKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSLSLTWYLUKPTPLU[VSVZJVSLJ[P
]VZ`SVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZOHUZPKVU\JSLHYLZLUSHOPZ[VYPH`ZLU[PKVKLLZ[LJVUNYLZV,ULZ[H]LPU[LLKPJP}U
[VJHYLWHZHY`YLWLUZHYSHJ\S[\YHKLSHMVYTHJP}USHVYPLU[HJP}U`LS[YHIHQV"Z\ZH]HUJLZLZ[HUJHTPLU[VZ
`YL[YVJLZVZ
,U SH HJ[\HSPKHK LZ \UH JLY[LaH X\L SH MVYTHJP}U ` LS [YHIHQV JVTWHY[LU JVU[L_[VZ KL MVYTHJP}U `
HWYLUKPaHQLH\UX\LZPNHUYLZWVUKPLUKVHZPNUPÄJHKVZTL[HZ`YLHSPKHKLZKPMLYLU[LZ
;HTIPtULZ\UHJLY[LaHX\LSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVZLOHUPKVYLJVUVJPLUKVJVTVKLYLJOVZ\UP
]LYZHSLZKLSHZWLYZVUHZZPLUKV]LOxJ\SVZM\UKHTLU[HSLZX\LH`\KHUHtZ[HZHMVYTHYWHY[LHJ[P]HKLS
KLZHYYVSSVKLSVJVSLJ[P]VHSWHY[PJPWHYLUSVZWYVJLZVZLJVU}TPJVZZVJPHSLZWVSx[PJVZ`J\S[\YHSLZ-HJ[V
YLZJVTVSHH\[VUVTxHWLYZVUHSSHWHY[PJPWHJP}USHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHPU[LNYHJP}U`LSIPLULZ[HYLU[YLV[YVZ
JVU[YPI\`LUHZ\YLJVUVJPTPLU[V`]HSVYHJP}U(ZxSHZWLYZVUHZX\L[PLULU\UH]PKHHJ[P]HWHY[PJPWHUKLSH
[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZX\LSHZHMLJ[H"ZLYLJVUVJLUHZxTPZTHZ`ZVUYLJVUVJPKHZJVTV]mSPKHZULJLZHYPHZ
`[PSLZ"MVYTHUWHY[LKLZ\ZVJPLKHKH[YH]tZKLYLKLZKLYLSHJPVULZ"`HKLTmZH\[VWLYJPILUZ\]HSVY`
W\LKLUHJ[\HYJVUH\[VUVTxHWHYHWYLZLY]HYSVVHTWSPHYSV
*VUZJPLU[LZKLX\LUVZLUJVU[YHTVZLU\UHYLHSPKHKNSVIHSLUZP[\HJP}UKLJYPZPZJHYHJ[LYPaHKHWVYSH
PULZ[HIPSPKHK!PKLVS}NPJHWVSx[PJHZVJPHSJ\S[\YHSLJVU}TPJHLK\JH[P]HJPLU[xÄJH[LJUVS}NPJHWYVK\J[P]H
`WLYZVUHSJVYYLTVZLSYPLZNVKLLU[YHYLUJVSHWZV`TLYTHYSHJHWHJPKHKKLNLULYHYZVS\JPVULZOHJPtU
KVUVZ]\SULYHISLZLPUJHWHJLZZPUWLYZWLJ[P]HHU[L\ULSL]HKVUTLYVKLKLZHMxVZWLYZVUHSLZ`ZVJPHSLZ
X\LLU[YH|HUKPÄJ\S[HKLZKL\UHWYVM\UKHJVTWSLQPKHK
3H4VKLYUPKHK3xX\PKHLZ[LT\UKVSxX\PKV)H\THU";VўLY`;VўLY"/LYUmUKLa "
/LYUmUKLa".VUsHS]LZL*VPTIYH"0ZSHZ(THPH`.\[PtYYLaKLLU[VYUVZJHYHJ[LYPaH
KVZWVYSH¸]VSH[PSPKHKPUJLY[PK\TIYLJVTWSLQPKHK`KPÄJ\S[HK¹LU[VYUVZ=<*(PUÅ\`LULUSHMVYTHJP}U
`LS[YHIHQVLUSHJ\S[\YH`[YHKPJPVULZKLHTIVZ+LLZ[LTVTLU[VJVU]\SZVLTLYNLUYL[VZU\L]VZWHYH
HTIVZX\LUVZVSVHU[PJPWHUSHULJLZPKHKKL[YHUZMVYTHYZ\ZJVU[L_[VZWHYHX\LUVWPLYKHUZ\]VJH
JP}UKLKLZHYYVSSVLPUUV]HJP}UZPUVX\LUVZT\LZ[YHU\UOVYPaVU[LLULSJ\HSLZ[mUWYLKL[LYTPUHKVZH
encontrarse.
,U SH ZVJPLKHK HJ[\HS ZL WVULU KL THUPÄLZ[V [LUZPVULZ WLYZVUHSLZ SPNHKHZ H SH Z\WLY]P]LUJPH `
L_PZ[LUJPH`ZVJPHSLZ]PUJ\SHKHZHSHMVYTHKLYLSHJPVUHYUVZKLWYVK\JPYKL[VTHYKLJPZPVULZ`KLZLY
JP\KHKHUHZVZ:LJ\LZ[PVUHLSt_P[VKLSULVSPILYHSPZTVJYLJPLU[LOHZ[HHOVYH"SHZKLTVJYHJPHZYLZ\S[HU
PUKPMLYLU[LZHSVZSHZTmZQ}]LULZ`NLULYHUKLZJVUÄHUaHJVUYLZWLJ[VHSVZ]HSVYLZX\LSHZJHYHJ[LYPaHU"
ZLKLÄULUNY\WVZU\L]VZKLWLYZVUHZX\LZLVYNHUPaHULU[VYUVH\UHNYHUKP]LYZPKHKKL]HSVYLZ`YLP
]PUKPJHJPVULZOHZ[HHOVYHWVJV]PZPISLZ`H\TLU[HSHKLZPN\HSKHK`SHJVUMYVU[HJP}ULU[YLLSSVZKLPKLHSLZ
`WVZPJPVULZ"LSWLUZHTPLU[VUPJVJYLJLLUSHTPZTHWYVWVYJP}UX\LSVOHJLSHPNUVYHUJPH`LSMLU}TLUV
KLSHinfoxicación2"SVZZPZ[LTHZLK\JH[P]VZUVYLZWVUKLUKLTHULYHLÄJPLU[LHSHZULJLZPKHKLZKLSVZ
WYVK\J[P]VZ`KLSHZWLYZVUHZ"SVZTVKLSVZMHTPSPHYLZ`KLYLSHJP}UZLT\S[PWSPJHU`KLZHYYVSSHUMVYTHZKL
VYNHUPaHYZLTmZJVTWSLQHZ"`ÄUHSTLU[LSHKLZSVJHSPaHJP}ULSLTWYLUKPTPLU[V`SHJVUJLWJP}U`VYNHUP
aHJP}UKLS[YHIHQVKPI\QHU\UHU\L]HYLHSPKHKLUSHX\LLTLYNLUSVZJVUJLW[VZ[L}YPJVZKLJVTWL[LUJPH
`LTWSLHIPSPKHKHWHY[PYKLSHZLN\UKHTP[HKKLSZPNSV??JVUZPNUPÄJHKVZ`WYmJ[PJHZJ\LZ[PVUHISLZX\L
KHUS\NHYHTS[PWSLZKPHStJ[PJHZLUSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV
3HPUJLY[PK\TIYLLZ[mLUSHIHZLKL\UU\L]VKPUHTPZTVX\LPTWYLNUH`WYV`LJ[HSHJHYYLYHWYVMLZPV
UHS`SVZWYV`LJ[VZKL]PKHKLSHZWLYZVUHZLZHSH]LaLSTV[VYX\LT\L]LSVZJHTIPVZL]VS\[P]VZZVIYL
SVZX\LZLLZJYPILSHOPZ[VYPHKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV
3HZTPNYHJPVULZSHIVYHSLZSHZIYLJOHZLUSHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHJJLZVHSHMVYTHJP}ULS[YHIHQV`LS
LTWSLVSH[LTWVYHSPKHKJVU[YHJ[\HSSHWYVSVUNHJP}UKLSVZ[PLTWVZKLLZ[\KPV`WYmJ[PJHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
JHYHJ[LYPaHULZ[HPUJLY[PK\TIYL
;VKHZLZ[HZJ\LZ[PVULZLZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLUSHSocialización LaboralLU[LUKPKHJVTVWYVJLZVLULS
J\HSSHZWLYZVUHZLULKHKKL[YHIHQHYKLZHYYVSSHUZ\Z]HSVYLZJVUYLZWLJ[VHSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVLU
Z\ZPU[LYHJJPVULZJVUV[YHZLUSVZJVU[L_[VZKLHTIVZPUÅ\LUJPHKHZWVYLSMLLKIHJRKLSHZVJPLKHKHS
TPZTV[PLTWVX\LLSSHZHMLJ[HUHSH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UKLSHTPZTH
7YL[LUKV MVJHSPaHY ZVIYL SHZ J\LZ[PVULZ X\L H TP Q\PJPV KLILU JVUZPKLYHYZL ZVIYL SH J\S[\YH LU SH
MVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVJVTVWHY[LYLSL]HU[LKLSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHSVIQL[P]H`Z\IQL[P]HX\LLTLYNLLU

=<*(LZ\U[tYTPUVX\LYLZWVUKLHSHZZPNSHZLUPUNStZKLSVZJVUJLW[VZX\LSVJHYHJ[LYPaHU!]VSH[PSPKHKPUJLY[PK\TIYL
JVTWSLQPKHK`HTIPNLKHK

/HJLYLMLYLUJPHHSHKLUVTPUHKHLUMLYTLKHKKLSHZVJPLKHKKPNP[HSKLWYPUJPWPVZKLSZPNSV??0®(J\|HKVWVY(SMVUZ
*VYULSSH ZLKLÄULJVTV¸ZVIYLJHYNHKLPUMVYTHJP}UVL_JLZVKLPUMVYTHJP}UWYV]VJHKHWVYSHWYVM\ZP}U
KLJVU[LUPKVZLU0U[LYUL[¹O[[W!WHWLSLZKLPU[LSPNLUJPHJVTX\LLZSHPUMV_PJHJPVU

LZ[LLZJLUHYPVKLMYHNPSPKHKZVJPHSW\LZOH`ZL|HSLZZ\ÄJPLU[LZX\LL]PKLUJPHUKLTHUKHZHSYLZWL[VKL
\UHU\L]HYLHSPKHKZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLUSHX\LSHcompetencia`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHKZLJVU]PLY[LULUSHTPZP}UKL
SHTVKLYUPKHKKLSVZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQV
1. Elementos que permiten reconocer la cultura actual en los lugares de formación y trabajo
9VJOLY LU[PLUKLSHZVJPHSPaHJP}ULUZLU[PKVHTWSPVJVTV\UWYVJLZVX\L[YHUZJ\YYLHSVSHYNV
KLSH]PKHKL\UHWLYZVUHH[YH]tZKLSJ\HStZ[HHWYLUKLLPU[LYPVYPaHSVZ\IZ[HUJPHSZVJPVJ\S[\YHSKLZ\
TLKPVHTIPLU[LJVUÄULZKLHKHW[HJP}UHSLU[VYUV(ÄYTHHKLTmZX\LSVPU[LNYHLUSHLZ[Y\J[\YHKLZ\
WLYZVUHSPKHK`X\LSVOHJLPUÅ\LUJPHKVWVYZ\ZL_WLYPLUJPHZ`SHPU[LY]LUJP}UKLHNLU[LZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ
,ZWVY[HU[V\UHVWVY[\UPKHKKLYLSHJP}U`JVU]P]LUJPH"KLPU[LYPVYPaHJP}UKL]HSVYLZUVYTHZJVZ[\T
IYLZ[YHKPJPVULZJVTWVY[HTPLU[VZL[J"`KLPUZLYJP}ULPUJS\ZP}USHIVYHS
*\HUKV OHISHTVZ KL J\S[\YH LU SHZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ UVZ YLMLYPTVZ H SVZ TVKVZ ` JVZ[\TIYLZ X\L
VYPLU[HU`YLN\SHUSH]PKHKLSHZTPZTHZ(SVSHYNVKLS[PLTWVSHZKPMLYLU[LZJVUJLWJPVULZKLSHTPZTHOHU
PKVVYPLU[HUKVSVZJHTIPVZWYVNYLZP]VZX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHYVUZ\ZKPMLYLU[LZtWVJHZKLKLZHYYVSSV-PN\YH
Figura 1. ,[HWHZKLKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJ\S[\YHVYNHUPaHJPVUHS
Fuente: LSHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH
:LNU1VZt4HYxH9VKYxN\La7VYYHZ¸\UVIZLY]HKVYWLYZWPJHaWYVU[VKL[LJ[HX\L\UHVYNH
UPaHJP}ULZTmZT\JOVTmZX\LZ\ZWVSx[PJHZZ\ZVIQL[P]VZ`Z\ZZPZ[LTHZ,ZHSNVX\LZLWLYJPIL[HU
WYVU[VJVTV\UVLU[YHLUJVU[HJ[VJVU\UHVYNHUPaHJP}U¹W
3H9LHS(JHKLTPHKLSH3LUN\H,ZWH|VSH9(,KLÄULSHJ\S[\YHLUZLU[PKVNLULYHSJVTVLS¸*VU
Q\U[VKLTVKVZKL]PKH`JVZ[\TIYLZJVUVJPTPLU[VZ`NYHKVKLKLZHYYVSSVHY[xZ[PJVJPLU[xÄJVPUK\Z[YPHS
LU\UHtWVJHNY\WVZVJPHSL[J¹
6[YHZKLÄUPJPVULZ[VTHKHZKL.HUWWJP[HUKVH7\TWPU -H\]L[ ;OL
]LUL[ 9VIIPUZ 7L[LYZ`>H[LYTHUU `.HU OHJLU[HTIPtUTLUJP}UHLZ[HZ
J\LZ[PVULZ!
·¸3HJ\S[\YHLTWYLZHYPHSW\LKLKLÄUPYZLJ}TVtSJVUQ\U[VKLMVYTHZKLWLUZHYKLZLU[PY`KLHJ[\HY
X\LZVUJVTWHY[PKHZWVYSVZTPLTIYVZX\LJVTWVULUSHVYNHUPaHJP}U¹
·¸¯ LZ \U JVUQ\U[V LZ[Y\J[\YHKV KL ]HSVYLZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ KL J}KPNVZ ` KL YLWYLZLU[HJPVULZ
*VUZ[P[\`LKLOLJOV\UHLZ[Y\J[\YHPUTH[LYPHSKLZVJPHSPaHJP}U¹

·¸LZLSJLTLU[VX\LHNSVTLYH[VKVZSVZJVTWVULU[LZKL\UHLTWYLZH¹¸LZ\UHL_WSPJHJP}UM\U
KHTLU[HSKLSVX\LLULSSH[PLULS\NHY¹¸LZLSWYVK\J[VKL\UHOPZ[VYPHÙVZVSHTLU[L\UHPUZ[HU
[mULH¹¸LZ\UWH[YPTVUPVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ`JVUVJPTPLU[VZKLMVYTHZKLHJ[\HY`KLWLUZHYKL
]PZPVULZJVT\ULZ¹¸LZ\UTVKLSVKLKLZJYPWJP}UKL\UHVYNHUPaHJP}U¹
·¸¯KLZPNUH\UZPZ[LTHKLZPNUPÄJHKVZJVTULU[YLSVZTPLTIYVZX\LOHJLX\LSHVYNHUPaHJP}U
ZLKPZ[PUNHKLV[YH,_PZ[L\UHWLYJLWJP}UJVTUWVYWHY[LKLSVZTPLTIYVZKL\UHVYNHUPaHJP}U¹
·¯SHJVTWVULULSJVUQ\U[VKL]HSVYLZX\LU\JSLHUSHPKLU[PKHKKLSHLTWYLZH¹
·¸*VUQ\U[VKLUVYTHZ]HSVYLZ`MVYTHZKLWLUZHYX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHUSHHJ[P]PKHKKLSHLTWYLZHLU
tSKxHHKxHHZxJVTVZ\LUMVX\L`MVYTHKLHIVYKHYPUJPKLU[LZLPTWYL]PZ[VZSHZVS\JP}UKLWYV
ISLTHZ`JVUÅPJ[VZ¹
<UHVYNHUPaHJP}ULZ\UHYTHa}UKLYLSHJPVULZKLJVU]P]LUJPHMVYTHSLPUMVYTHSLUSHX\LSHZJVU
K\J[HZLZ[HISLJPKHZ`SHZLZWVU[mULHZHMLJ[HUKLTHULYHKL[LYTPUHU[LHSI\LUVTHSM\UJPVUHTPLU[V
KLSHTPZTHHWHY[PYKL\UJVUQ\U[VKLJYLLUJPHZ]HSVYLZ[YHKPJPVULZ`JVZ[\TIYLZPU[LYPVYPaHKHZVZPT
WSLTLU[LHJLW[HKHZ3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVZVUSVZJVU[L_[VZLUSVZJ\HSLZZLWYV
K\JLMVYTHSTLU[LLPUMVYTHSTLU[LSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZ`LUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZLVYPLU[H
JSHYHTLU[LHWYLWHYHYWHYHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKLU\UJPJSVJVU[PU\VKLYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
LZWLJxÄJHZ`[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ-PN\YH`ZPLUKVSHJHSPKHKX\PLUVYPLU[HLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`JVSLJ[P]V
KLZKLWVSx[PJHZHTWSPHZKLKLZHYYVSSVKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV
Figura 2. ,SLTLU[VZWYLZLU[LZLUSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHS

Figura 3. *\S[\YHKLSH*VTWL[LUJPH`SH,TWSLHIPSPKHK
:JOLPU KPJLKLSHJ\S[\YHX\LLZ
¯\UJVUQ\U[VKLJYLLUJPHZ·PU]LU[HKHZKLZJ\IPLY[HZVKLZHYYVSSHKHZWVY\UNY\WVHTLKPKH
X\LHWYLUKLHHMYVU[HYZ\ZWYVISLTHZKLHKHW[HJP}UL_[LYUH`KLPU[LNYHJP}UPU[LYUH·X\LOH
M\UJPVUHKVZ\ÄJPLU[LTLU[LIPLUWHYHZLYQ\aNHKH]mSPKH`JVUZPN\PLU[LTLU[LWHYHZLYLUZL|HKH
HSVZU\L]VZTPLTIYVZJVTVLSTVKVJVYYLJ[VKLWLYJPIPYWLUZHY`ZLU[PYZVIYLLZ[VZWYVISLTHZ
W
,ZPTWVY[HU[LYLJVYKHYJVTVLU[YLSVZH|VZ ` SHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UYLSHJPVUHKHJVUSHZVYNHUP

aHJPVULZJLU[YHZ\H[LUJP}ULUSHZWLYZVUHZLUSVZJVU[L_[VZSHIVYHSLZLUZ\ZHJ[P]PKHKLZ`YLSHJPVULZ
`JVTPLUaHHKLQHYH[YmZLS]HSVYV[VYNHKVHSHZTmX\PUHZSHVILKPLUJPH`SHZ\TPZP}UJVTVNHYHU[xHZKLS
I\LUM\UJPVUHTPLU[VKLSHLTWYLZH`JVTVPUKPJHKVYLZJ\S[\YHSLZKLSHWYVK\JJP}U
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKKLU\L]VSHZWLYZVUHZ]\LS]LUHZLYLSWYPUJPWHSPU[LYtZKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V!X\tULJLZP
[HUX\tJVTWL[LUJPHZKLILU[LULYJ}TVHWYLUKLUX\t[PWVKLKPYLJJP}UWYLJPZHUJ}TVZLYLSHJPVUHU
JVUX\t]HSVYLZWYmJ[PJHZ`ZxTIVSVZZLPKLU[PÄJHUJVTVSLZHMLJ[HSHVYNHUPaHJP}UPU[LYUH`LSLU[VYUV
J\mSLZZ\TV[P]HJP}U`ZH[PZMHJJP}UJVULSHWYLUKPaHQL`LSKLZLTWL|V"JVTVHMYVU[HUSHIZX\LKHTHU
[LUPTPLU[VVWtYKPKHKLSLTWSLVZVUHSN\UVZKLSVZ[LTHZLU[VYUVHSVZJ\HSLZZLVYPLU[HUSVZLZ[\KPVZ
HJ[\HSLZ7LYV[HTIPtUSHZTmX\PUHZYVIV[ZHWHYLJLULULSOVYPaVU[LKLSVZPU[LYLZLZKLSVZSHZX\LZL
KLKPJHUHSHWSHUPÄJHJP}ULZ[YH[tNPJHKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVOV`LUKxHHU[PJPWHUKVU\L]HZPU[LYYVNHU
[LZYLZ\S[HU[LZKLSHWYLVJ\WHJP}UWVYSVX\L]HUHYLWYLZLU[HYLUSHQLYHYX\xHWLYZVUHTmX\PUH
3HZKtJHKHZX\LZ\JLKLUSHKLSVZH|VZT\LZ[YHUSHL]VS\JP}UKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZJVTVZPZ
[LTHZJLYYHKVZHZPZ[LTHZTmZHIPLY[VZX\LI\ZJHU`]HSVYHUSHYLSHJP}UJVULSLU[VYUVHIYPLUKVWHZV
HSHZYLSHJPVULZJVTWL[P[P]HZLU[YLSHZWLYZVUHZ`LU[YLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ!JVTWP[LUSHZWLYZVUHZWVYSH
WYVTVJP}UQLYmYX\PJH]LY[PJHSJVTWP[LUSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZWVYSHWVZPJP}UKLU[YVKLSVZTLYJHKVZLUSH
JHW[HJP}U`THU[LUPTPLU[VKLJSPLU[LZ!SVZJLU[YVZKL[YHIHQV`KLMVYTHJP}UKLTHULYHWHYHSLSHHZWPYHU
HSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VJVTVTHYJHKPM\TPUmUKVZLZ\]VJHJP}UJVTVJLU[YVZKLHWYLUKPaHQL

3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZL]VS\JPVUHYVUKL\UTVKLSVLUKVNmTPJVLULSX\LSHZKLJPZPVULZLYHUMY\[VKL
SHHWSPJHJP}UKLJYP[LYPVZPU[LYUVZWYV`LJ[HKVOHJPHHM\LYHLZKLJPY!SVX\LZLJVUZPKLYHIHI\LUVÌPLU
OLJOV KLU[YV [LUxH X\L ZLY WLYJPIPKV YLJVUVJPKV ` JVUZ\TPKV WVY LS JSPLU[L" H U\L]VZ TVKLSVZ TmZ
ZVJPHSLZ`JVSLJ[P]VZJ\`VYLMLYLU[LM\L1HW}UTLUVZHYYPLZNHKVZLPUKP]PK\HSPZ[HZ7VKYxHKLJPYZLX\t
hay vida más allá del organigrama®3HJ\S[\YHKLSHVYNHUPaHJP}UUVZLSPTP[HHSH\IPJHJP}UKLSHZWLY
ZVUHZLUSHVYNHUPaHJP}UPUJS\`L[VKVZHX\LSSVZHZWLJ[VZPUOLYLU[LZHSH]PKHX\LKPZJ\YYLKLU[YVKLLSSH
,SZPNUPÄJHKVKLS[YHIHQV`LSHWYLUKPaHQLWHYHSHZWLYZVUHZLZOV`\ULSLTLU[VLZLUJPHSKLSHJ\S[\YHKL
SHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ
3VX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHSHJ\S[\YHKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVHJ[\HSLZLZSHIZX\LKH
KLSHL_JLSLUJPHLUYLZW\LZ[HHZPZ[LTHZTVKLSVZÙVYTHZKLJHSPKHKJ\`VZLZ[mUKHYLZ[PLUKLUH\UP
]LYZHSPaHYSH3HIZX\LKHKLSHLÄJHJPH`SHLÄJPLUJPHLULSKLZHYYVSSV`YLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHJVTWL[LUJPH
WYVMLZPVUHSZVUJVTWHY[PKHZWVYHTIHZKLMVYTHJVSHIVYH[P]HVPUKLWLUKPLU[L
3HJVUZPKLYHJP}U`]HSVYV[VYNHKVHSHZWLYZVUHZLUSHMVYTHJP}U`LULS[YHIHQVZVULSMHJ[VYKLTH`VY
YLSL]HUJPHLUSHKL[LYTPUHJP}UKLJ\mS]HHZLYSHJ\S[\YHKLLZ[HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZX\LUVZ}SVMHJPSP[HU
HWYLUKPaHQLZPUVX\LHKLTmZSVWYVK\JLU`HKX\PLYLULSSHZTPZTHZ7VYV[YHWHY[LSHPN\HSKHK`SHLX\P
KHKZVU\UHHZWPYHJP}UX\L[YHUZMVYTHSHZTPZPVULZPU[LYUHZ`KLWYV`LJJP}UL_[LYUHKLLZ[HZTPZTHZ
VYNHUPaHJPVULZ
(KLTmZKLSHLZ[Y\J[\YHMVYTHSL_PZ[L\UHLZ[Y\J[\YHYLSHJPVUHS`KLJVU]P]LUJPHX\LKLILJVUZPKL
YHYHSHZWLYZVUHZPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]HTLU[LJVTVWHY[LKLSHPKLU[PKHKJVU[L_[\HSKLSHVYNHUPaHJP}U
[HU[VZPLZKLMVYTHJP}UJVTVZxLZKL[YHIHQV3HZWLYZVUHZ]PHQHUJVUZ\WH[YPTVUPVPUTH[LYPHS]HSVYLZ
JYLLUJPHZPKLHSLZMVYTHJP}UJVUK\J[HZ¯KL\UHVYNHUPaHJP}UHV[YHLPU[LYPVYPaHUHSH]LaSVX\LSLZ
WYVWVYJPVUHSHJ\S[\YHKLLZ[HZHKX\PYPLUKVU\L]VZHWYLUKPaHQLZX\LYLU\L]HUJVUZVSPKHUVJHTIPHUSVZ
X\L`HWVZLLU,ULZ[HKPUmTPJHKLJHTIPVZ[LYYP[VYPHSLZM\UJPVUHSLZ`JVU[YHJ[\HSLZSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
[YHUZ]LYZHSLZZVULSWHZHWVY[LULJLZHYPVWHYH[YHUZP[HYWVY\UTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQVJHYHJ[LYPaHKVWVYSVZ
JHTIPVZJVUZ[HU[LZSVZH]HUJLZSVZLZ[HUJHTPLU[VZ`SVZYL[YVJLZVZ
2. Venimos de la fe, la obediencia, la repetición y la inmovilidad
3LxHYLJPLU[LTLU[LLU\UWHULSKLS(YJOP]V/PZ[}YPJVKL6\YLUZLHJLYJHKLSH]PKHPU[YHT\YVZKL\U
JVU]LU[V!Las comunidades de clero regular, se rigen por la regla del fundador de la orden, una norma
que organiza la vida de los frailes y reparte las responsabilidades de cada uno”… Seguidamente en este
mismo panel se describía en qué consistía la jornada diaria de un fraile®
,Z[HLZSHKLZJYPWJP}UKLSHPTHNLUX\LWVKYxHYLWYLZLU[HYHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQV
KLSHZJ\HSLZ]LUPTVZ3HJ\S[\YHKLSWHZHKVIHZHKHLUSHMLLULSZHIPVSHVILKPLUJPHLULSX\LTHUKH`
SHYLWL[PJP}UKLSHHJ[P]PKHKWHYHWLYMLJJPVUHYSHLUJVU[L_[VZJLYYHKVZ`ÄLSLZHSHYLNSHPU[LYUH
(SHZZVJPLKHKLZKLSWHZHKVSLZLYHZ\ÄJPLU[LJVULSKLZLTWL|V`SVZ]HSVYLZKLVILKPLUJPHYLZWVU
ZHIPSPKHK`SLHS[HKVIZLY]HISLZLUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLS[YHIHQV`SHWLYTHULUJPHLUSHLTWYLZHSHMVYTHJP}U
[LUxHJVTVTPZP}UWYVWVYJPVUHYLSHWYLUKPaHQLKLJVTWL[LUJPHZWHYHLSKLZLTWL|VYLWL[P[P]VKLS[YHIHQV
`LSKLZHYYVSSVKLSVZ]HSVYLZTLUJPVUHKVZHWHY[PYKLSHt[PJH`SHTVYHS3HZHJ[\HSLZULJLZP[HUKLSHJVU
ÄYTHJP}U`SH]HSPKHJP}UJVU[PU\HKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSVYPLU[HKHHSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJYLH[P]PKHK
SH PUUV]HJP}U ` SH [VTH KL KLJPZPVULZ HZx JVTV SH PU[LYPVYPaHJP}U ` UVYTHSPaHJP}U KL SH WVSP]HSLUJPH SH
T\S[PM\UJPVUHSPKHK`SHYV[HJP}UKLW\LZ[V
3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVOHUL]VS\JPVUHKVHKPZ[PU[VYP[TVKLZLYZPZ[LTHZJLYYHKVZ
VYPLU[HKVZHJ\TWSPYSHZUVYTHZ¸PU[LYUHZ¹HHIYPYZLHSL_[LYPVYWYVK\JPLUKVJVUVJPTPLU[V`JYLHUKVYLKLZ
X\LSLWLYTP[LUWHY[PJPWHYHJ[P]HTLU[LLUSHJVUZ[Y\JJP}U`KLZHYYVSSVKLSHZVJPLKHKWVY[HU[VLTLYNLU
JVTVTV[VYLZKLJHTIPV`LULZ[LZLU[PKVKLZHYYVSSHU\UHJ\S[\YHWYVWPH
,S]LY[PNPUVZVH]HUJLKLSHJPLUJPH`SH[LJUVSVNxHZVIYL[VKVSVKPNP[HSOHJLUX\LLSJVUVJPTPLU[V
NLULYHKVJHK\X\LYmWPKHTLU[LJVIYHUKVLZWLJPHSPTWVY[HUJPHSHJVUZ[HU[LHJ[\HSPaHJP}U`SHHNPSPKHK
HWYLUKPLUKVPTWYLZJPUKPISLZWHYHHMYVU[HYSVZJHTIPVZJVUZ[HU[LZ3HZWLYZVUHZJVUTmZWYVIHIPSPKHKLZ
KL[YP\UMHYOHUKLZLYJHWHJLZKLNLZ[PVUHYSHPUJLY[PK\TIYL2HU[KLJxH!Se mide la inteligencia de un
individuo por la cantidad de incertidumbres que es capaz de soportar®¦8\PtU]HHWYVWVYJPVUHYSHZJVT
WL[LUJPHZULJLZHYPHZWHYHNLZ[PVUHYSHPUJLY[PK\TIYL&
3H ,\YVWH KLS JVUVJPTPLU[V UV LZ `H \UH VWJP}U ,Z SH UPJH ]xH WVZPISL OHJPH LS M\[\YV KL SH
X\L`HLZWHY[xJPWLSHPUTLUZHTH`VYxHKLSHJP\KHKHUxHLK\JHKH:\L_PNLUJPHZLWLYJPILJVTV
NHYHU[xHKLWLYTHULUJPHLU\ULZJLUHYPVVYPLU[HKVOHJPHSHPUUV]HJP}USHLX\PKHKLSLTWYLUKP
TPLU[V`LSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[L:HU[VZ3VYLUaV`=maX\LaW
3HZWLYZVUHZWHYLJLTVZLZ[HYWYLKLZ[PUHKHZHLZ[HVWJP}UUPJH<UHKLSHZJVUZ[HU[LZYLSHJPVUHKH
JVUSHHJ[\HSJ\S[\YHKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVLZSHX\LUVZSSL]HHLUJHTPUHYSHZWYmJ[PJHZKLMVYTHJP}U
`[YHIHQVOHJPHSHWYVK\JJP}ULSSVNYV`HJ[\HSPaHJP}UKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V

=P]PTVZPUTLYZVZLU\UHJ\S[\YHKLIZX\LKHKLWLYZVUHZJVTWL[LU[LZLPUJVTWL[LU[LZ®KLKLZ
J\IYPY X\PLULZ ZPY]LU WHYH LS KLZLTWL|V KLS [YHIHQV HJ[\HS ` X\PtULZ UV ,S JVUVJPTPLU[V LZ YPX\LaH
PUTH[LYPHSUVOH`K\KHWLYVJVTV[HSJVUKLZPN\HSYLWHY[V5\LZ[YVTVKLSVZVJPHSHJ[\HSNLULYH`THU
[PLULYLHSPKHKLZKLKLZPN\HSKHKLUH\TLU[VX\LJVUSSL]HUWHYH\UHI\LUHWHY[LKLSHWVISHJP}UHJ[P]H
ZP[\HJPVULZKL]\SULYHIPSPKHK`VL_JS\ZP}U!
·Q}]LULZX\LUVJVTWSL[HUSHMVYTHJP}UImZPJHVISPNH[VYPH
·WLYZVUHZLUWYVJLZVZTPNYH[VYPVZ
·T\QLYLZ]xJ[PTHZKL]PVSLUJPHKLNtULYV
·WLYZVUHZJVUKP]LYZPKHKM\UJPVUHS
·WLYZVUHZTH`VYLZKLH|VZ`Q}]LULZTLUVYLZKLH|VZLUZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWSLV
·WLYZVUHZX\LJ\TWSLUVJ\TWSPLYVUWLUHZKLYLJS\ZP}U
·WLYZVUHZZPUOVNHY
·KYVNVKLWLUKPLU[LZLZWLJPHSTLU[LKL[LYPVYHKVZHZ
·WLYZVUHZX\LZ\MYLUHSN\UHLUMLYTLKHKTLU[HS
·WLYZVUHZX\LWHKLJLULUMLYTLKHKLZJY}UPJHZ
·WLYZVUHZX\LWYVJLKLUKLL[UPHZJ\S[\YHZ`YLSPNPVULZKPMLYLU[LZ
,S[YHIHQVLZ\ULSLTLU[VM\UKHTLU[HSLUZ\PUJS\ZP}UZPULTIHYNVSHZJPMYHZUVZHU[PJPWHUX\LJHYL
JLUKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LKLTHUKHLSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQVHJ[\HS`Z\LTWSLHIPSPKHKLZIHQH;VKHZ
LZ[HZ WLYZVUHZ ULJLZP[HU TLKPKHZ LZWLJxÄJHZ WHYH LZ[HY LU JVUKPJPVULZ KL [YHIHQHY L PUJVYWVYHYZL HS
LTWSLV5\L]HZIYLJOHZZVJPHSLZWYLZLU[HUKLZHMxVZLUSHVYNHUPaHJP}UKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVWHYH
todos.
<UPU]LU[HYPVKLU\L]VZ]HSVYLZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSHZWLYZVUHZ`LS\ZVJVSHIVYH[P]VKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V
`SH[LJUVSVNxHPTWYLNUHUHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQVVISPNmUKVSHZHHKX\PYPYJVT
WYVTPZVZLMLJ[P]VZJVULSLU[VYUVH[YH]tZKLYLKLZKLJVVWLYHJP}UWHYHYLZVS]LYSVZNYHUKLZYL[VZYLSH
JPVUHKVZJVUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZULJLZHYPHZLULZ[LTVTLU[VKLSHOPZ[VYPHKLSHO\THUPKHK,UT\JOVZ
HZWLJ[VZ SVZ JLU[YVZ KL MVYTHJP}U ` KL [YHIHQV JVTV JVU[L_[VZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL [PLUKLU H WHYLJLYZL
WYVK\JPLUKV`WYVWVYJPVUHUKVJVUVJPTPLU[V-PN\YH!
Figura 4. 9LSHJP}ULU[YLSVZJLU[YVZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQV
·5LJLZP[HUTLUVZLZWHJPVMxZPJV`H\TLU[HUSVZLZWHJPVZ]PY[\HSLZ3VZSxTP[LZKLSVZS\NHYLZKL
MVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVWPLYKLUUP[PKLa
·*VTWHY[LUYLJ\YZVZKPZWVUPISLZLUSH9LK`W\LKLUPU[LYJHTIPHYZLPUMVYTHJP}U`JVUVJPTPLU[V
TmZHSSmKLSVZSxTP[LZMxZPJVZKLSJLU[YVKL[YHIHQVVKLMVYTHJP}U
·+VJLU[LZLU[YLUHKVYLZ[\[VYLZTLU[VYLZL[JULJLZP[HUHWSPJHYU\L]VZTVKLSVZ`Tt[VKVZWVY
KLÄUPYKLYLSHJP}U`LUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQL9LX\PLYLUHJ[\HSPaHYZ\ZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
KVJLU[LZ`VYPLU[HKVYHZ
·,S[PLTWVKLHWYLUKPaHQL`[YHIHQVLZWLYZVUHS3HZWLYZVUHZW\LKLUWYVK\JPYVJ\HSPÄJHYZLWVY
VIQL[P]VZJVUZPN\PLUKV\UHTLQVYJVUJPSPHJP}UKLSH]PKHWLYZVUHS`SHIVYHS
·:LL_PNLUU\L]VZTVKLSVZKLWSHUPÄJHJP}UKPYLJJP}U`NLZ[P}U3HQLYHYX\xHLZZ\Z[P[\PKHWVYSH
JVVWLYHJP}U`SHPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYPLKHK
·,S[YHIHQVZ\IZ[P[\`LLSJ\TWSPTPLU[VKL}YKLULZWVYLSKPmSVNV`SHWYVK\JJP}UKLPKLHZ
(SVSHYNVKLSVZKPLJPU\L]LJVUNYLZVZJLSLIYHKVZOLTVZKLIH[PKV`L_WSVYHKVSVZKPMLYLU[LZTVKL
SVZ`ZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UJVL_PZ[LU[LZJLYJH`SLQVZKLU\LZ[YHYLHSPKHKZVJPVJ\S[\YHS!SVMVYTHSSVUV
MVYTHS ` SV PUMVYTHS ( KxH KL OV` KLILTVZ YLJVUVJLY X\L SH JVTWL[LUJPH WYVMLZPVUHS ZL HKX\PLYL LU
[VKVZHSH]LaVLUJHKH\UVKLLSSVZ`X\LYLZ\S[HPTWYLZJPUKPISLWHYHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK
7HYLJLWVYV[YHWHY[LJVUZ[H[HISLSHPKLHKLX\LLSHWYLUKPaHQLUVLZWH[YPTVUPVZ}SVKLSHZVYNHUP
aHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U,SJVUVJPTPLU[VLZ[mLUSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQV`LU[VKH
SHZVJPLKHK
TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 45

7HZHTVZKL\UTVKLSVIHZHKVLUSHTLKPKHKLSHHW[P[\KJHWHJPKHK-PN\YHJLY[PÄJHKHWVYSVZ
ZPZ[LTHZHJHKtTPJVZ`]HSPKHKHWVYSHLTWYLZHHWSPJHUKV[LZ[LZ[HUKHYPaHKVZH\UTVKLSVKLYLJVUVJP
TPLU[VKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHKLZLTWL|VJLY[PÄJHKHWVYSVZZPZ[LTHZHJHKtTPJVZSHIVYHSLZ`WYVK\J[P]VZ
]HSPKHKHLUSHWYmJ[PJHWYL`WVZ[WYVMLZPVUHSLULSW\LZ[VKL[YHIHQVLULSX\LSHVIZLY]HJP}U`SHPU]LZ[P
NHJP}UZVUSHZ[tJUPJHZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHUTLQVYLZYLZ\S[HKVZ
)LJXUD*VU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLS:PNSV??
/HISHYKLJ\S[\YHLUSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}UVKL[YHIHQVZPNUPÄJHWVULYLSMVJVLULSMHJ[VY
O\THUV`LULSJVU[L_[VKLSHZYLSHJPVULZMVYTHSLZLPUMVYTHSLZX\LZLLZ[HISLJLULU[YLSHZWLYZVUHZ
TPLU[YHZLZ[\KPHUV[YHIHQHUH[YH]tZKLSHZX\L¸HWYLUKLU¹¸KLZHWYLUKLU¹`¸YLHWYLUKLU¹,U[VYUVHS
JHWP[HSO\THUVZLLZ[HISLJLU]xUJ\SVZ`YLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVUVZPLTWYLJVYYLJ[HZ
Q\Z[HZVZVZ[LUPISLZ
:VUSVZJHTIPVZZVJPHSLZSVZLSLTLU[VZM\UKHTLU[HSLZWHYHLU[LUKLYSHJ\S[\YHKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ
KLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVWVYZLWHYHKVLUJVSHIVYHJP}UVLUTVKLSVZPU[LNYHKVZ,SSVZKPLYVUS\NHYHZ\JL
ZP]HZJYPZPZX\LKL[LYTPUHUSHL]VS\JP}UKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`SHZLTWYL
ZHZ`SHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLLSSVZ*VTV`HHU[PJPWHIHSHPULZ[HIPSPKHKLZ[mLUSHIHZLKL\UU\L]VKPUHTPZTV
X\LPTWYLNUH`WYV`LJ[HU\L]VZJVU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQLSHJHYYLYHWYVMLZPVUHS`SVZWYV`LJ[VZKL]PKH
KLSHZWLYZVUHZ"LZHSH]LaLSTV[VYX\LT\L]LSVZJHTIPVZL]VS\[P]VZZVIYLSVZX\LZLLZJYPILSHOPZ[VYPH
KLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV,Sfeed-backZVJPHSLZ\UHJVUZ[HU[LKLTVKLYUPaHJP}U
3. Todo existe mucho antes de que lo descubramos.
3HZ ZVJPLKHKLZ HU[LYPVYLZ H SH U\LZ[YH [HTIPtU NLULYHYVU JVUVJPTPLU[V 3V JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJV KL SHZ
HJ[\HSLZLZSHYHWPKLaLUSHWYVK\JJP}U`L_WHUZP}UKLtZ[L.YPQHSIH "Z\WYVK\JJP}UJVUZJPLU[L
JVTV\UIPLUX\LKLJPKLSHWVZPJP}UZVJPHSJ\S[\YHS`LJVU}TPJHKLSHZWLYZVUHZSHZJVT\UPKHKLZSVZ
WHxZLZL[J"LS]HSVYX\LZLSLV[VYNH`JVTVZLKPM\TPUHUX\PLULZSVWYVK\JLU`SVJVUZ\TLU*VTV
JVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHNSVIHSPaHJP}U`SVZH]HUJLZJPLU[xÄJVZ`[LJUVS}NPJVZZLW\LKLYLWSPJHYSVHWYLUKPKV
KL\UVZJVU[L_[VZHV[YVZLUTLUVZ[PLTWVLUQ\PJPHYSVHSTPZTV[PLTWVX\LZLJYLHJVTWHYHYSVJVT
WHY[PYSVWYVK\JPYU\L]HZPKLHZHWHY[PYKLV[YHZT\S[PWSPJHYSVL[J
3HZZVJPLKHKLZHJ[\HSLZZLJHYHJ[LYPaHUWVYSHNSVIHSPaHJP}USH[LJUVSVNxH`SHTV]PSPKHKKLSHZWLYZV
UHZLU[YLWHxZLZWYVMLZPVULZJVUKPJPVULZSHIVYHSLZL[J`KLTHUKHUPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULPUUV]HJP}ULU[VKVZ
SVZmTIP[VZ,Z[VPTWSPJHJHTIPVZHJLSLYHKVZJVU[PU\VZX\LL_PNLUHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U
`KL[YHIHQVSHW\LZ[HHW\U[VJVUZ[HU[LKLS[HSLU[VO\THUVJVTWHY[PLUKVLZJLUHYPVZ`YLJ\YZVZLUSV
HJHKtTPJV`SVWYVMLZPVUHS`WYVWVYJPVUHUKVLSHJJLZVHSJVUVJPTPLU[VWVY]xHZMVYTHSLZUVMVYTHSLZ
LPUMVYTHSLZKLMVYTHWYLZLUJPHS`HKPZ[HUJPHJVTWHY[PLUKVLZWHJPVZYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZ`TH[LYPHSLZ
;VKVOHKLZLYJVU[LTWSHKV`HWYV]LJOHKVWHYHLSHWYLUKPaHQL3HJ\LZ[P}ULZLUJPHSLZH]HUaHYLULS
J}TVJVUZLN\PYX\LSHZWLYZVUHZHSJHUJLULZHZTL[HZHSH]LaX\LZLZPLU[HUZH[PZMLJOHZW\LZSHPUUV
]HJP}ULZ\UHJVUZ[HU[L[HTIPtUPULZ[HISLHSH]LaX\LKPMxJPSKLJVUJYL[HY
(UOHIPtUKVSVWYL[LUKPKVSHMVYTHJP}UUVWHYLJLOHILYZPKVSHYLZW\LZ[HVZVS\JP}ULUSVZJVU[L_[VZ
líquidos HJ[\HSLZHSHPUJS\ZP}U`HSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKLULZ[LJSPTHKLKLZHQ\Z[LZÌYLJOHZX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHU
SHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLtZ[H`LS[YHIHQV
(S]PU`/LPKP;VўLY JVUZ\¸;LVYxH:VJPHSKLSHZ*P]PSPaHJPVULZ¹¸;LVYxHKLSHZ6SHZ,]VS\[P]HZ¹
WVULUKLTHUPÄLZ[VJ}TVOHL]VS\JPVUHKVSHJP]PSPaHJP}UKLZHYYVSSHUKVZ\JLZP]HZZVJPLKHKLZKLHSNU

TVKV[VKHZLSSHZJHYHJ[LYPaHKHZWVY\UHWYLVJ\WHJP}ULUHZJLUZVHJLYJHKLS]HSVYKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VLU
SHJ\S[\YHKLS[YHIHQVSHLJVUVTxH`SHZYLSHJPVULZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZ
(WSPJHKHHSVZJVU[L_[VZ`YLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV-PN\YHOLTVZL]VS\JPVUHKVKL
JVUJLWJPVULZKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVJVTVJVU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`HKX\PZPJP}UKLJVUVJPTPLU[V
UVKLJVTWL[LUJPHJVUTL[HZ`YLJVUVJPTPLU[VZKPMLYLU[LZOHJPHYLHSPKHKLZJVTWHY[PKHZJVULSVIQL
[P]VKLJVTWSLTLU[HY`JVTWSL[HYSVZZHILYLZULJLZHYPVZWHYHSHWYVK\JJP}UÙVZLUJHTPUHTVZOHJPH
\UHZVJPLKHKLUSHJ\HSSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVPU[LYPVYPaHULS]HSVYKLSVNSVIHS`ZLYLJVUVJLUJVTV
S\NHYLZPN\HSTLU[L]mSPKVZWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZJVTWHY[PLUKV[HTIPtU
YLJVUVJPTPLU[VZKLPN\HS]HSVYLUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK
7VYV[YHWHY[LVYPLU[HKVZWVYLSPTWHJ[VKLSH[LJUVSVNxH`SHJHSPKHKZLPUZ[Y\TLU[HSPaHSH]VJHJP}U
[YHUZMVYTHKVYHKLSHMVYTHJP}UKVTPUHUKVLSSVNYVKLSHL_JLSLUJPHLUSHNLZ[P}UKLSVZWYVJLZVZ`WLY
KPLUKVYLSL]HUJPHSVZHZWLJ[VZPU[LYUVZKLSHWLYZVUH3HJ\S[\YHLZ\UHÙPJH
Figura 6. ,]VS\JP}UKLSHZJP]PSPaHJPVULZHWHY[PYKLSH;LVYxH:VJPHSKL(S]PU;VўLY
¦,UX\tZVJPLKHKUVZLUJVU[YHTVZLZ[HTVZ`HLULSM\[\YVLUSHJ\HY[H6SH&6[YHZWLYZVUHZHU[LZ
X\L`V`HOHUW\LZ[VKLTHUPÄLZ[VHSL]VJHYSH[LVYxHHU[LYPVYX\LKLIPKVHSHKLZPN\HSYPX\LaHKLSVZ
W\LISVZUVLZ[HTVZ[VKVZHSPULHKVZLU\UTPZTVTVKLSVKLZVJPLKHKZPUVX\LZPN\LUJVL_PZ[PLUKV
[VKHZLSSHZ¦:LYmSHJ\HY[HVSHSHKLU\LZ[YHJP]PSPaHJP}UYLJVYKHKHWVYZ\ZHWVY[LZHSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`
SHPUUV]HJP}UJVTV¸:VJPLKHKKLWLUZHKVYLZHZJVTWL[LU[LZ¹&"ZLYmHZxZ}SVZPLUSVZWY}_PTVZH|VZ
ZVTVZJHWHJLZJVULSJVUVJPTPLU[VHJ\T\SHKVKLYLZVS]LYSVZWYVISLTHZX\LZLUVZWYLZLU[LUPUJVY
WVYHUKVHSHZWLYZVUHZ`HWSPJHUKVSHt[PJHHJ\HU[VKLZHYYVSSLTVZ
,ULS:PNSV?0?¡6SHSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVZLJVUJLIxHUWVYZLWHYHKVLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKHTIVZZVU
NLULYHKVYLZKLJVTWL[LUJPH`LZSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKX\PLUSVZZPU[VUPaH
5VOH`\UHUPJHKPHStJ[PJHJVUYLZWLJ[VHSHJ\S[\YHX\LKLILPTWYLNUHYSVZS\NHYLZKLMVYTHJP}U`
KL[YHIHQVZPUV[HU[HZJVTVJVU[L_[VZKL\UH`V[YVLTLYNLULUYLZW\LZ[HHSHKP]LYZPKHKZVJPHS

4. Imbuidos de la cultura de la competencia y la empleabilidad
+LZKLSHZLN\UKHTP[HKKLS:??ZLUVZ]PLULPUJ\SJHKVSHJ\S[\YHKLSHJVTWL[LUJPH`SHLTWSLH
IPSPKHK 3HMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVZLPUÅ\`LUT\[\HTLU[L`ZLKLIH[LUKLZKLOHJLZPNSVZLULSLZM\LYaV
KLLUJVU[YHYJVTVYLSHJPVUHYZLKLMVYTHLMLJ[P]HWHYHJVUZLN\PYWYVMLZPVUHSLZJVTWL[LU[LZX\LZLHU
JHWHJLZKLHQ\Z[HYZLHSHZL_PNLUJPHZJHTIPHU[LZKLSVZZPZ[LTHZWYVK\J[P]VZ(KxHKLOV`ZPN\LYLZ\S
[HUKV JVTWSLQV WVKLY HÄYTHY LU X\L LZWHJPVZ HWYLUKLU TmZ `V TLQVY SHZ WLYZVUHZ Zx SV OHJLTVZ
J\HUKVZVTVZN\PHKHZWVYSHZKPYLJ[YPJLZKL\UWSHUVWYVNYHTHMVYTH[P]VPU[LUJPVUHSLSHIVYHKVLUJVU
[L_[VZHJHKtTPJVZMVYTH[P]VZVYLZ\S[HTmZLMLJ[P]VHWYLUKLYH[YH]tZKLSKLZLTWL|VLUSVZJVU[L_[VZ
KL[YHIHQVN\PHKVZPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]HTLU[LWVYLSWYVWPV[YHIHQV`Z\ZTLU[VYLZ,ZtZ[H\UHKLSHZ
WYPUJPWHSLZPUJLY[PK\TIYLZX\LHMLJ[HHSHJ\S[\YHKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQV`HSHZYLSH
JPVULZLU[YLLSSHZLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKUVOLTVZLUJVU[YHKV¶KLTVTLU[V¶\UHUPJHVWJP}UJVTVI\LUH`
WHYLJLZLYSHTmZPK}ULHSHKLJVTWHY[PYLSHWYLUKPaHQLZPU[VUPaHUKVHJ\LYKVZJVU[YH[VZVJVU]LUPVZKL
JVSHIVYHJP}UWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSSVX\LHU[LZZP[\mIHTVZLUSH[LYJLYH6SH
6IZLY]HUKVSHYLHSPKHKHJ[\HSW\LKLJVUÄYTHYZLX\LLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLHSJHUaHLUTS[PWSLZJVU[L_[VZ
L_WLYPLUJPHSLZ X\L ZL JVTWLUZHU ` JVTWSLTLU[HU ZPU QLYHYX\xHZ L PUJS\ZV ZPU P[PULYHYPVZ WYL]PHTLU[L
WYV`LJ[HKVZZPUX\LZLHZ\ÄJPLU[LZVSV\UVKLLSSVZWHYHJVTWSL[HY[VKVSVPU[YxUZLJVHSHHKX\PZPJP}UKL
competencias.
3VZHZWLJ[VZZ\IQL[P]VZUVMVYTHSLZLPUMVYTHSLZWYLZLU[LZLUSHYLHSPKHKKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ`
LUSHNLZ[P}UKLSLTWSLVSSL]HKHHJHIVWVYPUZ[HUJPHZWISPJHZ`WYP]HKHZZLYLJVUVJLUJVTV\UHWHY[L
PTWVY[HU[LKLSKLZLTWL|VSHIVYHSZPLUKVLSHTIPLU[L\UMHJ[VYX\L¶UVZ}SVPUÅ\`LLUSHWLYJLWJP}UKL
SVZHZWLJ[VZVIQL[P]VZKLSHVYNHUPaHJP}UZPUV[HTIPtUKL[LYTPUHU[LLULSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VKLX\PLULZ
YLHSPaHULS[YHIHQV4H`V "+m]PSH JP[HKVZLU.HYJxH
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVUVZPU[LYLZHLSHTIPLU[LZVJPHSNLULYHSLSHTIPLU[LKLZHYYVSSHKVJVUZJPLU[LVPUJVUZ
JPLU[LTLU[LLUSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQVJVTVWLYWL[\HKVYLZKL\UHKL[LYTPUHKH
J\S[\YHSHIVYHSZ\ZMVY[HSLaHZ`KLIPSPKHKLZ
+LILTVZYLÅL_PVUHYZVIYLSH«cultura de la competencia y la empleabilidad»KLSHJVUZ[HU[LIZ
X\LKHKLJ}TVJYLHY\U]xUJ\SVLÄJPLU[L `LÄJHaHSH]LaX\LLZ[HISLLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVKL
J}TVSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS`LSLTWSLVYLN\SHUSHZTPZPVULZMVYTH[P]HZ`WYVK\J[P]HZ`VYPLU[HU\UU\L]V
TVKLSV KL YLJVUVJPTPLU[V KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ H [YH]tZ KL SH L]HS\HJP}U KL Z\ KLZLTWL|V LU JVU[L_[VZ
KVTPUHKVZWVYSH3L`KLSH6MLY[H`SH+LTHUKH,Z[HTVZ[HUPUTLYZVZHZLULZ[HYLHSPKHKX\LJHYLJLTVZ
KLWLYZWLJ[P]HWHYHYLWLUZHYJVTVLZ[mHMLJ[HUKVYLHSTLU[LHU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHK`HSHZKLTHUKHZX\L
MVYT\SHHSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV
3HZKPTLUZPVULZKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKJVUKPJPVUHUHSH]LaX\LVYPLU[HUHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVY
THJP}U`[YHIHQVHSZP[\HYLULSJLU[YVKLZ\HJJP}UHSHWLYZVUHX\LHWYLUKLX\L[YHIHQHVHWYLUKL`
[YHIHQHHSH]La
3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVULJLZP[HUYLWSPJHYSVI\LUVOLYLKHKVKLSWHZHKVLPU[L
NYHYSVLU\UWYLZLU[L`M\[\YV[VKH]xHWVYKPI\QHYWHYHLSJ\HSJVU[VKHWYVIHIPSPKHKUV]HUHWYVK\JPYZL
YLMVYTHZLZ[Y\J[\YHSLZWYVM\UKHZ7YPTLYVM\LYVU¸N\P|VZ¹KLZW\tZJVTWYVTPZVZLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZVU
OLJOVZSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVLUZ\ZKPZ[PU[VZJVU[L_[VZLUMVYTHKL7YHJ[PJ\TZ
KLWYmJ[PJHZUVSHIVYHSLZKLWYVNYHTHZKLPU[LYJHTIPVL[J
,S JVUJLW[V KL LTWSLHIPSPKHK JVULJ[H H VMLYLU[LZ ` KLTHUKHU[LZLTWSLHKVYLZ ` [YHIHQHKVYLZ `
THYJH\UHSxULHJVTWSPJHKHKLKPI\QHYLU[YLLSLTWSLV`LSKLZLTWSLVLUJ\`V[YHaHKVSHMVYTHJP}U`
LS[YHIHQVLTLYNLUJVTVLSLTLU[VZLZLUJPHSLZWHYHX\L\UVZ`V[YVZW\LKHUHWSPJHYSVLULSJVU[L_[VKL
SHZYLSHJPVULZSHIVYHSLZ)\LUHWHY[LKLSVZH\[VYLZHZX\LOHU\[PSPaHKVLZ[LJVUJLW[VJVPUJPKLULUSH
KPÄJ\S[HKX\LZ\WVULLUJVU[YHY\UHI\LUHKLÄUPJP}UWHYHtS
,ZULJLZHYPVKPMLYLUJPHYSVKLSJVUJLW[VKLVJ\WHIPSPKHK:LNULSZLY]PJPVKL,TWSLVKL(YHN}U,Z
WH|HZM
HVJ\WHIPSPKHKLZLSNYHKVKLWYVIHIPSPKHKX\L[PLUL\U[YHIHQHKVYWHYHHJJLKLYHSTLYJHKVKL
3
[YHIHQVHKLZHYYVSSHY\UHVJ\WHJP}U3HLTWSLHIPSPKHKLZLSJVUQ\U[VKLJVTWL[LUJPHZHW[P[\KLZ
`HJ[P[\KLZX\LMH]VYLJLUSHPU[LNYHJP}USHIVYHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZZPLUKVULJLZHYPHSHHKX\PZPJP}U
KLU\L]HZOLYYHTPLU[HZX\LWLYTP[HUZ\THU[LUPTPLU[VVYLJPJSHQLLU\UTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQVLU
JVU[PU\VJHTIPVW
:P LS JVUJLW[V KL LTWSLHIPSPKHK J\`V VYPNLU WHYLJL ZP[\HYZL H JVTPLUaVZ KLS :PNSV ?? )LYU[ZVU
JP[HKVLU:\mYLaSV[VTHTVZKLSH[YHK\JJP}USP[LYHSKLSPUNStZemployabilityKLILYxHTVZ
\[PSPaHYSVWHYHYLMLYPYUVZHSH¸OHIPSPKHKWHYHVI[LULY`JVUZLY]HY\ULTWSLV¹:\HYLaWLUSH
HJ[\HSPKHKZLOHHTWSPHKVHSHZJHWHJPKHKLZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZWVUPtUKVSHZLUYLSHJP}UJVUSHL_WLJ[H
[P]HSHWYVIHIPSPKHKLSHJJLZV`LSTHU[LUPTPLU[VKLSLTWSLV5VLZZPULTIHYNVU\LZ[YHPU[LUJP}ULU
LZ[HJVUMLYLUJPHHOVUKHYLULSVYPNLU`KLÄUPJP}UKLSJVUJLW[VZPUVYLÅL_PVUHYHJLYJHKLSHJ\S[\YHX\L

SVPTWYLNUHHSHOVYHKLVI[LULYSHK}UKLJ}TVX\t`X\PtUSH]HSVYH`KLX\tTHULYHPUÅ\`LLUSHZ
YLSHJPVULZ¸VISPNHKHZ¹LU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV[YHUZMVYTHKVZ\ZTVKVZKLJVUJLIPY`KLZHYYVSSHYLS
HWYLUKPaHQL3HTPZTHH\[VYHTLUJPVUHKHWVULKLTHUPÄLZ[VSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UNYHUUTLYVKLLZ[\KPVZ
LTWSLHUKVLSJVUJLW[VKLZKLKPZ[PU[VZUP]LSLZmUN\SVZ`KPZJPWSPUHZZPUX\LUPUN\UVKLLSSVZOH`H¸PU[LU
[HKVPU[LNYHYLZHZKPMLYLU[LZWLYZWLJ[P]HZ¹W
·3HLTWSLHIPSPKHKUVLZLZ[m[PJHLZKPUmTPJH`HJ\T\SH[P]H:LJVU]PLY[LLU\U[LZVYVPUZ\ÄJPLU[L
X\LJHTIPHJVU[PU\HTLU[LZ\]HSVY3HZJVTWL[LUJPHZWHYHLS[YHIHQVZLYLKLÄULUJVUZ[HU[L
TLU[LPUÅ\LUJPHKHZWVYSVZH]HUJLZJPLU[xÄJVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZ`ÄSVZ}ÄJVZ
·3HLTWSLHIPSPKHK LZJVU[L_[\HSKLWLUKLKLSS\NHYLULSX\LZLLUJ\LU[YLUSHZWLYZVUHZ`KLSVZ
YLJ\YZVZKPZWVUPISLZ`HJJLZPISLZLUZ\LU[VYUVMVYTH[P]V`SHIVYHS(ZxLSJVU[L_[VZLJVU]PLY[LLU
\ULSLTLU[VKPMLYLUJPHKVYÄS[YVKLWLYZVUHZ
·,ULSUJSLVKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKYLZPKLSHMVY[HSLaHKLKLZHYYVSSHYU\L]VZTVKLSVZKLMVYTHJP}U`
HWYLUKPaHQLX\LVISPNHUHJVTWHY[PYSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UHSHZHKTPUPZ[YHJPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ`SHIVYHSLZ
`WVYLUKLHSVZJLU[YVZKLMVYTHJP}U`HSHZLTWYLZHZ
·(\UX\LZLI\ZJHLSHQ\Z[LLU[YLSHWLYZVUH`LSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSTHYJHSHKPMLYLUJPHLU[YLHTIVZ
` OHJL ]PZPISLZ SHZ KPÄJ\S[HKLZ WYLZLU[LZ LU[YL SH MVYTHJP}U ` LS [YHIHQV ,Z L_WLJ[H[P]H ,Z \U
PUKPJHKVYKLSt_P[VVMYHJHZVKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS
:L YLÄLYL H SH ¸HKLJ\HJP}U KLS WYVMLZPVUHS H SHZ U\L]HZ ULJLZPKHKLZ ` KPUmTPJHZ KLS TLYJHKV KL
[YHIHQV ` LTLYNL KLS KLZHYYVSSV KL SHZ U\L]HZ [LJUVSVNxHZ KL SH NSVIHSPaHJP}U KL SH WYVK\JJP}U KL SH
L_WHUZP}UKLSHLJVUVTxH¹*LU[YV5HJPVUHS,\YVWHZZW
3HYLHSPKHKKLSHZWLYZVUHZUVZHU[PJPWHHSN\UVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLLZ[HJ\S[\YHHSHJ\HSTLYLÄLYV!SVZ
HZTmZ`TLQVYWYLWHYHKVZZVUSVZHZPK}ULVZWHYHLS[YHIHQVX\PLULZUVW\LKHUHJJLKLYHSHMVYTHJP}U
`HSLTWSLVWVYJH\ZHZWLYZVUHSLZLJVU}TPJHZJ\S[\YHSLZL[JMVYTHYmUWHY[LKLSHL_JS\ZP}UZVJPHS
4PLU[YHZX\LSHJVTWL[LUJPHW\LKLTLKPYZLJVUVIQL[P]PKHKHWHY[PYKLSYLNPZ[YVKLSKLZLTWL|VSH
LTWSLHIPSPKHKLZ!WH[YPTVUPVPUTH[LYPHS]HYPHISLZL_WSPJH[P]HZ\UJVUJLW[VHTIPN\VKPMxJPSKLJVUJYL[HY`
L]HS\HY
3HJVTWL[LUJPHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`SHVJ\WHIPSPKHKZLPU[LNYHULU\ULU[YHTHKVJVUIHZ[HU[LZ¸VZJ\
YPKHKLZ¹WHYHSHWLYZVUH,UJPLY[VTVKVZVULSWYVK\J[VKL\UKLZHYYVSSV]LY[PJHSLULSJ\HSSHWLYZVUH
J\LU[HJVUWVJVLZWHJPVWHYHTVKPÄJHYZ\Z[YH`LJ[VYPHZMVYTH[P]HZ`SHIVYHSLZH\UJ\HUKVZLSLV[VYNH
SHTH`VYYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLULSSHZ
7VYU\LZ[YHWHY[LSVX\LWYL[LUKLTVZLZWVULYLSHJLU[VZVIYLJ}TV¸YLPUHU¹LUSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YL
SVHKX\PYPKVH[YH]tZKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVNLULYHUKV\UHU\L]HJ\S[\YHUVZ}SVLUSVZVJPHSZPUV
[HTIPtULUSVMVYTH[P]V`SHIVYHS
5. Adquieren una gran relevancia las competencias transversales
.HYaH4LStUKLa.VUamSLa-HUN`)VO}YX\LaKLÄULUSH*VTWL[LUJPHJVTV
¯\UHJHWHJPKHKLMLJ[P]HWHYHSSL]HYHJHIVL_P[VZHTLU[L\UHHJ[P]PKHKSHIVYHSWSLUHTLU[LPKLU
[PÄJHKH"LZ\UHJHWHJPKHKYLHS`KLTVZ[YHKHX\LZLW\LKLL]HS\HYH[YH]tZKLYLZ\S[HKVZVIZLY
]HISLZ KVUKL ZL PU[LNYHU SVZ JVUVJPTPLU[VZ ZHILYLZ OHIPSPKHKLZ ` KLZ[YLaHZ ZHILY OHJLY
HJ[P[\KLZ`JVTWVY[HTPLU[VZZHILYLZ[HY`]HSVYLZ`JYLLUJPHZZHILYZLYW
0UPJPHSTLU[LYLSHJPVUHKHZ}SVJVULSLTWSLVWVYJ\LU[HHQLUHOHL]VS\JPVUHKVJVUJLW[\HSTLU[LOHJPH
]xUJ\SVZJVULSH\[VLTWSLV[HS`JVTVKLÄLUKLUHSN\UVZH\[VYLZ)Y\[[PU,Z!
·7H[YPTVUPV PUTH[LYPHS JHWHJPKHKLZ J\HSPKHKLZ NLZ[P}U H[YPI\[VZ HW[P[\K SVNYVZ OHIPSPKHKLZ

HKHW[HJP}UL[JWLYJPIPKVKLMVYTHKLZPN\HSWVYSHZVJPLKHK`SHWLYZVUH
·=HYPHISLZL_WSPJH[P]HZKLSHZP[\HJP}UKLLTWSLV`KLZLTWSLVKLSHZWLYZVUHZWVYJ\LU[HHQLUH
o propia.
·(TIPN\HX\LKHZ\QL[HZ\TLKPKHHSHVI[LUJP}UKLLTWSLV`HSH]HSVYHJP}UKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS
`LZWLYJPIPKHKLMVYTHKLZPN\HSWVY[YHIHQHKVYH`LTWSLHKVYH
*VTV`HKPQLLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZL[YHZSHKHSHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKKLSHWYLUKPaHQLHSHWLYZVUHHZ\PUPJPH
[P]H`HJJP}UOHJPtUKVSHWHY[PJPWLWYPUJPWHSKLZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHK5VZ}SVOHKLMVYTHYZLHKLTmZKLILYm
ZLYJHWHaKL[YHUZMLYPYSVHWYLUKPKVH\UHYLHSPKHKJVUJYL[HKL[YHIHQVLU\UWYVJLZVKLSHYNHK\YHJP}U
JHYHJ[LYPaHKV WVY SH YLHSPaHJP}U KL Z\JLZP]HZ WYmJ[PJHZ KL KP]LYZH xUKVSL X\L SH ZVJPLKHK Q\aNH JVTV
ULJLZHYPHZ`WVZP[P]HZWHYHLZ[HISLJLYW\LU[LZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQV;VKHZLZ[HZWYmJ[PJHZKPSH[HU

LULS[PLTWVSHPUJVYWVYHJP}UHSLTWSLV`SHHZ\UJP}UKLSHZYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZKLX\PLUKLZLHZLU[PYZL
[YHIHQHKVYHKLWSLUVKLYLJOV\UH]LaÄUHSPaHKHZ\L[HWHMVYTH[P]HPUPJPHS
,Z[mLUSHLZLUJPHKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZJVUMVYTLHSYLMLYLU[LZ
KLSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UZPLUKVLZ[HKLÄUPKHVPUMVYTHKHWVYX\PLU]HHULJLZP[HYHSHZWLYZVUHZ
·3HJVTWL[LUJPH`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHKLZ[mUYLSHJPVUHKHZJVULSt_P[V
·3HJVTWL[LUJPHLZ[mTmZJLYJHKLSHVJ\WHIPSPKHKX\LKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK
·3H ZVJPHSPaHJP}U WHYH LS [YHIHQV ZL KLIPLYH HIVYKHY LU SHZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ KL MVYTHJP}U JVU[P
U\HUKVSHPUPJPHKHLUSHLK\JHJP}UMHTPSPHY`LZJVSHY
·3H LTWSLHIPSPKHK LZ \U PUKPJHKVY KL SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ WLYJLWJPVULZ X\L [LULTVZ KLS [YHIHQV SHZ
WLYZVUHZHZWPYHU[LZHSLTWSLVWLYZVUHZLTWSLHKHZ`LTWSLHKVYLZYLZWVUZHISLZKLZ\NLZ[P}U
`YLN\SHJP}U
·3HLX\PKHKLZ\UHHZWPYHJP}UKLU[YVKLSHHZPTL[YxHX\LZLKLYP]HKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`SHVJ\WH
IPSPKHK
(]HUaHTVZOHJPH\UHJ\S[\YHKLIZX\LKHKLWLYZVUHZJVTWL[LU[LZLPUJVTWL[LU[LZ®KLKLSPTP[H
JP}UKLJ}TVKLZJ\IYPYX\PLULZZPY]LUWHYHLSZPZ[LTHKLWYVK\JJP}UHJ[\HS`X\PLULZUV`LU[LZLU[PKV
JVSVJHTVZLUJVU[YHWVZPJP}ULSJVUJLW[VLTWSLHIPSPKHK JVULSKLinclusión.
,U LS TVKLSV VYNHUPaH[P]V HJ[\HS LZ[m LU SH LZLUJPH KL SH LTWSLHIPSPKHK LS YLJVUVJPTPLU[V KL SHZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZJVUMVYTLHSYLMLYLU[LZKLSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UZPLUKVLZ[HKLÄUPKHVPUMVYTHKHWVYX\PLU]HH
ULJLZP[HYHSHZWLYZVUHZZPLTWYLZLYmKLJVU]LUPLUJPHWHYHX\PLULZWYVWVYJPVUHULSLTWSLV
3HJVTWL[LUJPHZLYLJVUVJLH[YH]tZKLSKLZLTWL|V`LZJLY[PÄJHKHWVYSVZZPZ[LTHZHJHKtTPJVZ
SHIVYHSLZ`WYVK\J[P]VZ]HSPKHKHLUSHWYmJ[PJHWYL`WVZ[WYVMLZPVUHSLULSW\LZ[VKL[YHIHQV
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZJVUZ[P[\`LU\UYLMLYLU[L[L}YPJVKLPTWVY[HUJPHLULSWYVJLZVKL
[YHIHQVZ\YNLUHWHY[PYKLSHZL_PNLUJPHZKLSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZMVYTHKVYHZKLSVZZLY]PJPVZSHZVJPLKHK`SH
ULJLZPKHKKLWVZLLY\UHM\LYaHSHIVYHSJ\HSPÄJHKH"ZLKLZHYYVSSHUWVY[HU[VKLZKLLST\UKVKLS[YHIHQV
HWHY[PYKLKPMLYLU[LZVWJPVULZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVUSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}USHZX\LZ\WYPTLUVWHSPHUSVZKtÄJP[KL
SVZZPZ[LTHZMVYTHKVYLZ`HKLJ\HUSHM\LYaHKL[YHIHQVHSHZULJLZPKHKLZ`JVUKPJPVULZSHIVYHSLZYLHSLZ
,U ,ZWH|H (ST\KLUH 4VYLUV 4xUN\La LU Z\ HY[xJ\SV ZVIYL ¸3H LTWSLHIPSPKHK KL SVZ Q}]LULZ LU
,ZWH|H!,_WSPJHUKVLSLSL]HKVKLZLTWSLVQ\]LUPSK\YHU[LSHYLJLZP}ULJVU}TPJH¹<UP]LYZPKHKKL=HSSHKV
SPKWVULKLTHUPÄLZ[VJVTV]HYPHISLZL_WSPJH[P]HZKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK!SVZLZ[\KPVZSHMVYTHJP}U
`J\HSPÄJHJP}ULKHKZL_VÙHJPVUHSPKHKYLSHJPVUmUKVSHZJVUSHTH`VYVTLUVYHJJLZPIPSPKHKHSLTWSLV
7VY Z\ WHY[L LS *LU[YV 9LPUH :VMxH ,ZWH|H W\ISPJH KLU[YV KLS LZ[\KPV ¸1}]LULZ ` LTWSLV
,ZJLUHYPVZKLM\[\YV¹LSHIVYHKVHWHY[PYKL\UWHULSKLL_WLY[VZX\LHUHSPaHYVUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZ
HZ Q}]LULZ LU ,ZWH|H LU LS OVYPaVU[L SH JHWHJPKHK KL [YHIHQHY LU LX\PWV ` SH TV[P]HJP}U
JVTVJ\HSPKHKLZTmZ]HSVYHKHZWVYSVZL_WLY[VZHZLU9LJ\YZVZ/\THUVZ*VPUKPJLU[HTIPtULUJVU
ZPKLYHYJVTVULJLZHYPVWYVM\UKPaHYLUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKPNP[HSLZKLPKPVTHZ`[tJUPJHZWHYHW\LZ[VZ
PU[LYTLKPVZVKLHS[HJ\HSPÄJHJP}U:PULTIHYNVSVPTWVY[HU[LKLLZ[L[YHIHQVLZX\LKLZ[HJHKtÄJP[LU
SHZJHWHJPKHKLZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZX\LOLTVZPKLU[PÄJHKVJVTV*VTWL[LUJPHZ;YHUZ]LYZHSLZ`SHZOLTVZ
YLSHJPVUHKVJVUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKPYLJ[HTLU[L
,SLZ[\KPV¸-(A;,(64,9*(+6¹KLKPJHKVHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKQV]LUYLHSPaHKVLU7VY[\NHS
WVY;,:,ZZVJPHsqVWHYHV+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V65.+WVULKLTHUPÄLZ[VLSKLZLUJ\LU[YVLU[YL
SH6MLY[H`+LTHUKHKL*VTWL[LUJPHZLULS4LYJHKVKL;YHIHQV`Z\YLSHJP}UJVUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK3HZ
ULJLZPKHKLZKLSVZLTWSLHKVYLZHZUVJVPUJPKLUJVUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LWVZLLUSVZHZQ}]LULZHZWP
YHU[LZHSLTWSLV`LZ[VPUÅ\`LLUZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHK
Hays Recruiting experts wordlwide YLHSPa} \U LZ[\KPV ZVIYL LS TLYJHKV KL [YHIHQV LU 7VY[\NHS `
LSHIVY}SH¸.\xH3HIVYHS¹,U[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZHIVYKHSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LSHZLTWYLZHZ`WYV
MLZPVUHSLZKL7VY[\NHS]HSVYHYVUWHYH[YHIHQHYLU[YL]LPU[PZPL[LVWJPVULZ`ZPLZ[HZLZ[mUHSPULHKHZVUV
JVUSHZULJLZPKHKLZ3VZZPN\PLU[LZYLZ\S[HKVZ¶X\LJVUZPKLYVTmZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ¶[VTHKVZKLSPUMVYTL
W\ISPJHKV-PN\YHL]PKLUJPHUKLU\L]VKLZHQ\Z[LZ!

Figura 7. *VTWL[LUJPHZTmZ]HSVYHKHZWVYSVZLTWSLHKVYLZ`WYVMLZPVUHSLZWVY[\N\LZLZ
Fuente: (KHW[HKVKL(SLY[H,TWYLNV
O[[W!ISVNHSLY[HLTWYLNVW[X\HPZJVTWL[LUJPHZTHPZ]HSVYPaHKHZ
,_[YHxKHZSHZTmZ]HSVYHKHZWVY\UVZ`V[YVZ-PN\YHWVKLTVZJVTWHYH[P]HTLU[LVIZLY]HYSHZ
KPMLYLUJPHZLUSHWLYJLWJP}UKLLTWSLHKVYLZHZ`[YHIHQHKVYLZHZ

Figura 8. *VTWL[LUJPHZTmZ]HSVYHKHZWVYSVZLTWSLHKVYLZ`WYVMLZPVUHSLZWVY[\N\LZLZ
.YmÄJVJVTWHYH[P]VKLSHZKPLaTmZ]HSVYHKHZ
3VZ LTWSLHKVYLZ ]HSVYHU SHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ [tJUPJHZ LU WYPTLY S\NHY TPLU[YHZ X\L SVZHZ WYVMLZPV
UHSLZJYLLUX\LSVTmZPTWVY[HU[LLZSHL_WLYPLUJPHWYVMLZPVUHS*VPUJPKLULUSHPTWVY[HUJPHKLS[YHIHQV
WVYVIQL[P]VZ`YLZ\S[HPU[LYLZHU[LJVTWYVIHYJ}TVZLHSLQHULULSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHWVSP]HSLUJPHLS
WLYÄSKLSPKLYHaNVVLSWLYMLJJPVUPZTV(SYLZWLJ[VWVKYxHKLJPYZLX\LSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKZLYLSHJPVUHJVUSH
JHWHJPKHKOHIPSPKHKJVTWL[LUJPHZWV[LUJPHSL[J:\mYLa":HU[VZ3VYLUaV`=maX\LaWHYH
[LULY\UHTH`VYWYVIHIPSPKHKKLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS
,Z[VZKLZHQ\Z[LZLU[YLLTWSLHKVYLZ`[YHIHQHKVYLZHZJHYHJ[LYPaHUSHPUJLY[PK\TIYLLUSH*\S[\YHKL
SH*VTWL[LUJPH`SH,TWSLHIPSPKHK`VYPLU[HUSHMVYTHJP}UWHYHLSLTWSLVLU[LUKPKHZJVTVULJLZPKHKLZ
X\LKLILTVZYLZVS]LYLUSVZWYVJLZVZKLZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHS
Para concluir:
,ZVI]PVX\L]P]PTVZLU\UT\UKVNSVIHSLULSX\LSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVWYPTHUSHJVTWL[LUJPH
`KVUKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKZLJVU]PLY[LLUM\UKHTLU[V[L}YPJVWHYHSH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UKLSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YL
HTIVZZP[\HUKVHSHWLYZVUHJVTVSHWYPUJPWHSYLZWVUZHISLKLNLZ[PVUHYZ\JHYYLYH`HJJLZVHSLTWSLV
3VPUKP]PK\HS`SVJVSLJ[P]VJYLJLUKLMVYTHWYVWVYJPVUHSTLU[LPU]LYZH
+LZKLLSW\U[VKL]PZ[H[L}YPJVZLL]PKLUJPHJPLY[HJVUM\ZP}UJVUJLW[\HSLU[YLSVZ[tYTPUVZKLVJ\WH
IPSPKHK`LTWSLHIPSPKHK[LUKPLUKVH\[PSPaHYSVZPUKPZ[PU[HTLU[LJ\HUKVZLYLSHJPVUHUJVUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
[tJUPJHZ`[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLU\U¸WHX\L[L¹UPJV,Z[VHMLJ[HHSHMVYTHJP}ULUSVTmZWYVM\UKVKLJ}TV
[LUKYxHX\LZLYJVUJLIPKH`WVY[HU[VHSHJ\S[\YHKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`HSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHS
5VOH`K\KHHJLYJHKLSJYLJPTPLU[VWYVNYLZP]VV[VYNHKVHS]HSVY`YLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHLK\JHJP}U
UVMVYTHS`KLJVTVtZ[VZJVU]PLY[LUSVZS\NHYLZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVLULZWHJPVZMxZPJVZV]PY[\HSLZ
KLJ\S[\YH:PULSSVZ`Z\]PKHPU[LYPVYUVLZWVZPISLSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHS,U[VYUVHSJHWP[HSO\THUVZL
LZ[HISLJLU]xUJ\SVZ`YLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVX\L¶HJ[\HSTLU[L¶[PLUKLUHLUJVU[YHYZL
`JVVWLYHYTmZX\LHJ\LZ[PVUHYZLT\[\HTLU[L3VZWYVJLZVZKLZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHS[YH[HKVZLUSVZ
mTIP[VZKLSHLK\JHJP}U`SHMVYTHJP}UH[YH]tZKLSKLZHYYVSSVMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHSKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ
[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ[PLULUWYV`LJJP}ULUSVZJVU[L_[VZKL[YHIHQV3HZWLYZVUHZZLJVTWVY[HULUSHZVYNHUPaH

JP}UKL[YHIHQV[HS`JVTVHWYLUKPLYVUHOHJLYSVJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLUV[YVZJVU[L_[VZKLJVU]P]LUJPH(TP
Q\PJPVSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZOHUKLKLZHYYVSSHYZLH[YH]tZKLWYVJLZVZKLMVYTHJP}UTmZPU[L
NYHSLZ`WLYZVUHSPaHKVZKLZKLSHTLU[VYxHSHHJJP}U[\[VYPHS`LSLU[YLUHTPLU[VJVHJOPUN5VWVKLTVZ
[YH[HYSHZKLMVYTHZLWHYHKHJVUYLZWLJ[VHSHZ[tJUPJHZJVTV]LUPTVZOHJPLUKVOHZ[HHOVYH
3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZLUZLU[PKVHTWSPVZVUZVJPHSLZ3HZKLMVYTHJP}U`[YHIHQVHJ[\HSLZZLPUZJYPILU
LU\UHJ\S[\YHJVSHIVYH[P]H`KLPUUV]HJP}UJHYHJ[LYPaHKHZWVYSHPUJLY[PK\TIYLLUSHJ\HSLZ[mWVYJVU
JYL[HYSVZSxTP[LZ¦/HZ[HK}UKLHWYLUKLY&¦WHYHX\tHWYLUKLY&¦J\mU[VJVUVJPTPLU[VLZULJLZHYPV&
¦WHY[PJPWHTVZ KL SH JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KLS JVUVJPTPLU[V V ]P]PTVZ JVSVUPaHKVZHZ WVY LS stock HJ\T\SHKV
OHZ[HHOVYHZPU[PLTWVWHYHSHYLÅL_P}U&¦J}TVZLJVUZPKLYHHSHZWLYZVUHZLULS[YHIHQV&¦J\mSLZZVU
Z\ZTV[P]HJPVULZOHIPSPKHKLZULJLZPKHKLZKLHSPULHJP}UJVUSVZVIQL[P]VZKLSHWYVK\JJP}U&ZVUHSN\
UHZKLSHZPU[LYYVNHU[LZ[VKH]xHWVYYLZVS]LYX\LHMLJ[HUZPUK\KHHSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS
[YHIHQVHZ\ZLU[YHTHKVZWVYZLWHYHKV`Q\U[HZ
3HZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ UV Z}SV ZL OHU HIPLY[V HS LU[VYUV H WHY[PY KL SH ZLN\UKH KtJHKH KLS ZPNSV ??0
HKLTmZZLVYPLU[HUHZ\[YHUZMVYTHJP}UPUJVYWVYHUKVYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZZVJPHSLZHZ\TPZP}UJVTWYVTL
[PKH,Z[HYLHSPKHKLZWHY[LKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZHJ[\HSLZ
3HJVZPÄJHJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVLU\UHJHYYLYHHKHW[H[P]HZPUTL[HKLÄUPKH
W\LKLJVU]LY[PYZLLUHTLUHaH TmZX\LKLZHYYVSSVWHYHSHZVJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHSHJ[\HS3HMVYTHJP}U`LS
[YHIHQVJVTVS\NHYLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`JYLHJP}UKLJ\S[\YHSHIVYHSZPN\LUYLZ\S[HUKVPTWYLZJPUKPISLZWHYH
LSHIVYHYV[YVZJVUZ[Y\J[VZ
3VZ JVU[L_[VZ KL MVYTHJP}U ` [YHIHQV JVTV LZWHJPVZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL X\L JVTWHY[LU TPZP}U LU SH
WYVK\JJP}UKLJVUVJPTPLU[V[PLULUX\LVYPLU[HYZ\ZJ\S[\YHZ`S}NPJHZHJLYYHYSHIYLJOHL_PZ[LU[LLU[YL
WLYZVUHZLTWSLHKVYHZ`[YHIHQHKVYHZWHYHHSPULHYULJLZPKHKLZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZWHYHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`
SHVJ\WHIPSPKHK
3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}U`KL[YHIHQVKLILUZLN\PYHWYLUKPLUKV:VU[PLTWVZKLYLUV]HJP}U
JVU[VKHWYVIHIPSPKHKUV]HUHWYVK\JPYZLYLMVYTHZLZ[Y\J[\YHSLZWYVM\UKHZ
4LN\Z[HYxH[LYTPUHYJVU\UHMYHZLKLSHUV]LSHA través del espejo y lo que Alicia encontró al otro
lado *HYYVSSW!¸SVX\LLZHX\xJVTV]LZHX\xOHJLMHS[HJVYYLY[VKVJ\HU[V\UHW\LKHWHYH
WLYTHULJLY LU LS TPZTV ZP[PV :P ZL X\PLYL SSLNHY H V[YH WHY[L OH` X\L JVYYLY WVY SV TLUVZ KVZ ]LJLZ
TmZ YmWPKV¹*YLVX\LLUJPLYYHLUZ\ZPNUPÄJHKVSHYLHSPKHKJ\S[\YHSKLSHMVYTHJP}U`LS[YHIHQVLULZ[L
TVTLU[V KL H]HUJLZ ` YL[YVJLZVZ H SH ]La ` X\L JHYHJ[LYPaH SH \YNLUJPH KL \UH U\L]H ZVJPHSPaHJP}U
SHIVYHSLZHSH]La\UHKLTHUKHWHYHHTIVZJVU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQL
.YHJPHZ6IYPNHKH.YHaHZ
9LMLYLUJPHZIPISPVNYmÄJHZ
)H\THUAModernidad SxX\PKH4t_PJV+-!-VUKVKL*\S[\YH,JVU}TPJH
*HYYVSS3A través del espejo y lo que Alicia encontró al otro lado9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^
IPISPV[LJHVYNHYSPIYVZ WKM
*LU[YV5HJPVUHS,\YVWHZZEmpregabilidade/Competências9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^L\YV
WHZZW[PTHNLZJVU[LU[MUF+VJ\TLU[FF(WKM
.HU-3HJ\S[\YHVYNHUPaHJPVUHS,U1VZt;LQHKH=PJLU[L.PTtULa.\PSSLYTV=PSHKV[-LKL
YPJV.HU4HU\LS-HUKVZ1VZt4PN\LS1PTtULa`ÍUNLS7xV-VYTHJP}UKL-VYTHKVYLZ;VTV,ZJLUHYPV
0UZ[P[\JPVUHSWW4HKYPK!;OVTWZVU
.VUsHS]LZ * ` *VPTIYH 1 6YPLU[HY UHZ :VJPLKHKLZ 3xX\PKHZ L KH 0UJLY[LaH! \T KLZHÄV
WHYHHPU]LZ[PNHsqVLPU[LY]LUsqVLT6YPLU[HsqV=VJHJPVUHS,U4HYNHYP[H=HSJHYJL-LYUmUKLa`(U[VUPV
9PHS:mUJOLa,KZVulnerabilidade, formación para o traballo, orientación e comunidade na eurorrexión
Galicia-Norte de Portugal WW :HU[PHNV KL *VTWVZ[LSH! :LY]PaV KL 7\ISPJHJP}UZ L 0U[LYJHTIPV
*PLU[xÄJVKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
/H`Z9LJY\P[PUNL_WLY[Z^VYKS^PKL.\xH3HIVYHS9LJ\WLYHKHKLO[[W!ISVNHSLY[HLT
WYLNVW[X\HPZJVTWL[LUJPHZTHPZ]HSVYPaHKHZ
/LYUmUKLa +( 3H LK\JHJP}U ` SH [LVYxH KL SHZ VSHZ 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[WZ!^^^VLPLZ
OPZ[VYPJVUV[PJPHZZWPWWOW&HY[PJSL
/LYUmUKLa 1 3H TVKLYUPKHK SxX\PKH Política y Cultura WW 9LJ\WLYHKV KL
O[[W!^^^ZJPLSVVYNT_WKMWVSJ\SUWVSJ\S WKM

0ZSHZ6"(THPH(`.\[PtYYLa-!3HJVU[YPI\JP}UKL(S]PU;VўLYHSPTHNPUHYPV[L}YPJV`JVU
JLW[\HS KL SH JVT\UPJHJP}U Revista Latina de Comunicación Social WW +60!
93*:9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^YL]PZ[HSH[PUHJZVYNWHWLY93*:WHWLYWKM
4VYLUV ( 3H LTWSLHIPSPKHK KL SVZ Q}]LULZ LU ,ZWH|H! ,_WSPJHUKV LS LSL]HKV KLZLTWSLV Q\]LUPS
K\YHU[L SH YLJLZP}U LJVU}TPJH Int. Investigación en Ciencias Sociales WW O[[W!K_KVP
VYNYPPJZQ\SPV
9VJOLY. Introducción a la Sociología general)HYJLSVUH!/LYKLY
9VKYxN\La14El factor humano en la empresa)HYJLSVUH!+L\Z[V
:HUTHY[xU(9\IPV(`;\KLSH71}]LULZ`LTWSLV,ZJLUHYPVZKLM\[\YV*LU[YV9LPUH
:VMxH9LJ\WLYHKVKLÄSL!*!<ZLYZ,PKL+VÛSVHKZKLSWOPFLTWSLV7+-
:HU[VZ4(3VYLUaV4`=maX\La(Educación no formal y empleabilidad de la juventud.
4HKYPK!:xU[LZPZ
:LY]PJPVKL,TWSLVKL(YHN}UZM*VUJLW[VZKLTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!ZLY]P
JPVZHYHNVULZYLKVFKVJZN\PHZFVSKVJZJVUJLW[VZFTLYJHKVF[YHIHQVWKM
:JOLPU Organizational Culture and Leadership,,<<:HU-YHUJPZJV!1VZZL`)HZZ7\ISPZOLYZ
:\mYLa),TWSLHIPSPKHK!HUmSPZPZKLSJVUJLW[VRevista de Investigación en Educación, (1),
pp. 67-84.
;,:,(ZZVJPHsqVWHYHV+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V Faz-te ao mercado. 9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!JPLU
JPHZ\SPZIVHW[W[UV[PJPHJVTWL[*((UJPHZTHPZ]HSVYPaHKHZWLSVZLTWYLNHKVYLZ
;VўLY(`;VўLY/La revolución de la riquezaB;YHK\JJP}UKL1\SPnKL1~KHYD)HYJLSVUH!
7SHaH 1HUtZ

II – MESAS REDONDAS E PAINÉIS
1. FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO
– 20 ANOS A APRENDER/APREENDER
Antonio F. Rial Sánchez
7YVMLZVY;P[\SHYKL+PKmJ[PJH
`6YNHUPaHJP}U,ZJVSHY
20 Años de la
<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNV
KL*VTWVZ[LSH Formación Profesional:
Pasado Presente
y Perspectivas
de Futuro.
:VUT\JOVZSVZJHTIPVZX\LHSVSHYNVKLSVZS[PTVZ
H|VZ ZL WYVK\QLYVU LU SH -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS LU
LZ[LKVJ\TLU[VWYLZLU[HTVZKL\UTVKVLZX\LTm[PJV
SVZTmZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZKLU\LZ[YV,Z[HKV
3HYHa}UWYPUJPWHSKLLZ[VZJHTIPVZLZLSWYVWPVLZ
JLUHYPV KLS T\UKV WYVK\J[P]V SPNHKV H SHZ VJ\WHJPVULZ
WYVMLZPVUHSLZ LUTHYJHKV KLU[YV KL \U HS[V NYHKV KL
YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK`KLJVTWSLQPKHKLZPUOLYLU[LZHSHZOH
IPSPKHKLZ[tJUPJHZX\LLZ[mUIHZHKHZLUJVUVJPTPLU[VZ
JVTWSLQVZKLU[YVKLSHZSxULHZTHLZ[YHZX\LN\xHUH\UH
WYVMLZP}U`VYPLU[HUZVIYLSHWYmJ[PJHWYVMLZPVUHSTHYJHKH
HJ[\HSTLU[LWVY\UHL]VS\JP}U[LJUVS}NPJHJVUZ[HU[L
+PJOH L]VS\JP}U KLTHUKH \U JHTIPV KL J\HSPÄJH
JPVULZZLNUSH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UKLtZ[HZ`\UHformación
ZPUJYVUPaHKHHJVYKLJVUSVKLTHUKHKVHKLTmZKLYLX
\LYPYKPZ[PU[HZTHULYHZKLJLY[PÄJHY`HJYLKP[HYSHMVYTHJP}U
Creando una necesidad creciente de un reconocimiento
KLS HWYLUKPaHQL HKX\PYPKV LU SH WYmJ[PJH WYVMLZPVUHS KL
THULYHX\LJ\HSX\PLYWLYZVUHW\LKHOHJLY]HSLYZ\ZWV
[LUJPHSLZHJ\T\SHKVZLUZ\]PKHWYVMLZPVUHSLU[LYTPUVZ
KL JVTWL[LUJPH KHUKVSL HJJLZV H TLQVYLZ JVUKPJVULZ
KL [YHIHQV KL ZHSHYPV LSL]HUKV Z\ JHSPKHK KL ]PKH ` Z\
YLJVULJPTPLU[VZVJPHS,Z[LZLU[PKVKLSHHJYLKP[HJP}UZL
JVUJPILJVTV\UTLJHUPZTVX\LV[VYNHHZ\WVZLLKVY
SHMHJ\S[HKKLJVU]LY[PYZ\HJ[P]VVWHJVLU[YHUZWHYLU[L
Cambios ligados respecto de la formación y su

relación con el sistema de relaciones laborales
/HZ[H OHJL T\` WVJVZ H|VZ SVZ TVKLSVZ ]PNLU[LZ

KLKLZHYYVSSVHZPNUHIHUSHM\UJP}UKLMVYTHYSVZYLJ\YZVZ
O\THUVZHTHUVZKLPUZ[P[\JPVULZWISPJHZKLMVYTHJP}U
WYVMLZPVUHS3HYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLYHM\UKHTLU[HSTLU[LKLS
Estado.
,S ZPZ[LTH KL YLSHJPVULZ SHIVYHSLZ X\L HJ[\HSTLU[L
ZL LZ[m KLZHYYVSSHUKV LZ[m WYLZPKPKV WVY SH JYLHJP}U KL
TLJHUPZTVZKLWHY[LULYPHKVZVJPHSNLULYHSTLU[L[YPWHY[P
[VZHKTPUPZ[YHJP}U[YHIHQHKVYLZLTWYLZHYPVZLUKVUKL
M\UKHTLU[HSTLU[L ZL ULNVJPHU HZWLJ[VZ KL ZHSHYPVZ
JVILY[\YHZVJPHS`V[YVZJVTVSHWVSP]HSLUJPHSHZÅL_PIPSPaH
JPVULZKLWSHU[PSSHL[JZPUL_JS\PYSHTHULYHKLHJYLKP[HY

SHMVYTHJP}U,Z[VJYLHU\L]VZTVKLSVZ`[YHZ[VJHUSHZKPTLUZPVULZZVIYLYLSHJPVULZSHIVYHSLZ`SVZYVSLZ
KLSVZKPZ[PU[VZHJ[VYLZ
3HPTWVY[HUJPHKLMHJ[VYLZJVTVJVUVJPTPLU[V`[LJUVSVNxHLUSVZWYVJLZVZWYVK\J[P]VZZVULSW\U[V
KLTPYHKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS(SSHKVKLLSSVZWSHULHLS[tYTPUVMVYTHJP}U`HUVJVTVLSLTLU[VLUKVUKL
LS,Z[HKVLYHLSYLZWVUZHISLL_JS\ZP]VKLLSSHZPUVJVTVMY\[VKLSWHY[LULYPHKVJP[HKV(WHYLJLUU\L]HZ
PUZ[P[\JPVULZ KL MVYTHJP}U JYLHUKV U\L]HZ LZ[Y\J[\YHZ ` U\L]VZ LZJLUHYPVZ ,S WYPTLY HW\U[L LU LZ[H
YLJVUJLW[\HSPaHJP}UKLSJVUJLW[VKLMVYTHJP}UZLUVZWYLZLU[HJVTVla formación como fruto del part-
eneriado social.
Formación como parte del proceso de transferencia tecnológica
3HZJVUJLWJPVULZJSmZPJHZ[YHKPJPVUHSLZKLSHMVYTHJP}USHJVUJPILUJVTVSH[YHUZTPZP}UVYKLUHKH`
ZPZ[LTm[PJHKL\UJVUQ\U[VVYKLUHKVKLJVUVJPTPLU[VZOHIPSPKHKLZ`KLZ[YLaHZX\LSLWLYTP[LUHS[YHIH
QHKVY\UHLSL]HJP}UKLJHSPÄJHJPVULZWLYZVUHSLZ/V`LZ[LLUMVX\LLZ[mZPLUKVZ\WLYHKVWVYX\LHKTP[L
\UHJVUJLWJP}UHPZSHKHKLSHMVYTHJP}UKLZJVU[L_[\HSPaHKHKLSLU[VYUV`LS[PLTWVX\LZLSSL]HHJHIV
TS[PWSLZLQLTWSVZX\LJVYYVIVYHULZ[HHÄYTHJP}USVZLUJVU[YHTVZLUU\LZ[YHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZZVIYLSH
MVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSYLNSHKHX\LZLWSHUPÄJHIH`ZVIYL[VKVZLKLZHYYVSSHIHHLZWHSKHZKLSJVU[L_[V
WYVK\J[P]V
3VZZPZ[LTHZX\LHJ[\HSTLU[LZLJVUZPKLYHUPUUV]HKVYLZZLJHYHJ[LYPaHUWVYZ\¸WYV_PTPKHK¹JVU
LSJVU[L_[VWYVK\J[P]V:LWHY[LKLSLZ[\KPVKLS[YHIHQVKLÄUPLUKVZ\WLYÄSWYVMLZPVUHS `ZVIYLtS
ZLKPZL|HUSVZWYVJLZVZMVYTH[P]VZX\LHKLTmZZLPTWHY[LUVIPLULULSWYVWPVJVU[L_[VKL[YHIHQVV
IPLUJVTVZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}ULUHS[LYUHUJPH,ULZ[LWSHU[LHTPLU[VLSt_P[VKLT\JOVZZPZ[LTHZKL
MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS LU ,\YVWH PUJS\`LUKV SH MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS Z\WLYPVY YLMVYaHKV HKLTmZ LZ[L
WSHU[LHTPLU[VHSJVUZPKLYHYSVLSYLMLYLU[LWYPUJPWHSLSKLUVTPUHKVWYVJLZVKL¸)VSVUPH¹WHYHLSKPZL|VKL
SH-VYTHJP}U:\WLYPVYLU,\YVWH
Formación como fenómeno educativo, articulado con los procesos productivos:
3H MVYTHJP}U ZL YLHSPaH LU LZ[VZ JHZVZ WHY[PLUKV KL SH \[PSPaHJP}U KL [LJUVSVNxHZ W\U[H MY\[V KL SH
PU]LZ[PNHJP}UHWSPJHKHKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U[LJUVS}NPJH`KLSHZWYmJ[PJHZKLHS\TUVZ`WYVMLZVYLZLUWYV
JLZVZKLKPZJ\ZP}U`YL[YVHSPTLU[HJP}U:L\[PSPaHUU\L]HZTL[VKVSVNxHZYLZWLJ[VHSHZMVYTHZKLLUZL|HY
`M\UKHTLU[HSTLU[LKLJVUJLIPYSHMVYTHJP}UJVTVWYVJLZVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UHJJP}U3VZILULÄJPVZNLU
LYHKVZYL]PLY[LULUU\L]HZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZX\LKHUWPLHU\L]HZMVYTHJPVULZ`JYLHUU\L]VZJVUVJPTPLU
[VZJPLU[xÄJVZ`[LJUVS}NPJVZ
Formación para las competencias:
3VZWYVNYHTHZ[YHKPJPVUHSLZKLMVYTHJP}ULZ[mUJVUJLIPKVZLU[VYUVHSHZJHSPÄJHJPVULZKLSVZ[YH
IHQHKVYLZ .LULYHSTLU[L [PLULU T\JOV X\L ]LY JVU SV X\L LU[LUKLTVZ WVY HKPLZ[YHTPLU[V V IHZHKVZ
LULSJVUK\J[PZTVLUSHTLKPKHX\LZVUPUZ[Y\TLU[HSLZ`LUSHTH`VYxHKLSVZJHZVZZLSPTP[HUH\UH
WYVW\LZ[HKL[PWVPU[LSLJ[\HS3HZWYVW\LZ[HZPUUV]HKVYHZI\ZJHULUWYPTLYS\NHYPYTmZHSSmKLSHWYVWPH
HJJP}U [LUPLUKV LU J\LU[H LS JVU[L_[V YLMLYPKV H SVZ HZWLJ[VZ HJ[P[\KPUHSLZ J\S[\YHSLZ ` ZVJPHSLZ X\L
[PLULUX\L]LYJVUSHZWLYZVUHZ
3HTVKLYUPaHJP}UWYVK\J[P]H[PLULX\L]LYJVUSHJHSPKHKWYVK\J[P]PKHKLÄJPLUJPHJVTWL[P[P]PKHK
YHJPVUHSPKHKL[J;VKVLSSVPTWSPJH\UHKLZJLU[YHSPaHJP}UVHTWSPHJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZX\L]H`HUTmZ
HSSmKLSHZL_PNPKHZLZ[YPJ[HTLU[LLULSW\LZ[VKL[YHIHQVYLSHJPVUHKHZJVULSKLZLTWL|V`JVUSHHJ
[\HJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZLU\UJVU[L_[VSHIVYHSZVJPHSTLU[LYPJV
3HU\L]HJ\S[\YHWYVK\J[P]HKLTHUKH\UHU\L]HJ\S[\YHMVYTH[P]H`KLHJYLKP[HJP}UKLSHMVYTHJP}U
X\LLULSWYLZLU[L`M\[\YV]HHLZ[HYJHYHJ[LYPaHKHWVYSHTV]PSPaHJP}U`WHY[PJPWHJP}UKL[VKVZSVZLSLTLU
[VZ V HJ[VYLZ WYVMLZVYLZ MVYTHKVYLZ LZJ\LSHZ ` LTWYLZHZ LU \U JSPTH WYVK\J[P]V WLYV KL HYTVUxH
ZVJPHSMY\[VKLSJVUZLUZV`ZVIYL[VKVKLSHJYLHJP}UKL\UHcultura colaborativa.
El Reconocimiento de los Aprendizajes No Formal e Informal
;VKVZSVZWYVJLZVZLUJ\HSX\PLYmTIP[VZVJPHSZVUSLU[VZLZULJLZHYPVHU[LZKLZLYHZ\TPKVZX\L
LUSVZPU[LYSVJ\[VYLZVHJ[VYLZZLWYVK\aJH\UJHTIPVJ\S[\YHSKLHZPTPSHJP}UKLSVU\L]VJVUUH[\YHSPKHK

LULZ[VZKxHZX\LLS.VIPLYUVHU\UJPH\UJHTIPVLUSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSYLMLYPKVZHHJYLKP
¯
[HYSHL_WLYPLUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSLUKLÄUP[P]HWLYTP[PYSLHSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZX\LJVU[YHZ[LUZ\JVT
WL[LUJPH`X\LKLZW\tZKL\UWYVJLZVKLHJYLKP[HJP}UJVU[YHZ[HKH]LTVZ[P[\SHYLZLUKPZ[PU[VZ
TLKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}ULUSVZX\LZLYLHSPaHUHÄYTHJPVULZWL`VYH[P]HZVHSTLUVZZLZPLTIYH
SH K\KH ZVIYL LZ[HZ TLKPKHZ LU \UH JSHYH KLZ]PY[\HJP}U KLS WYVJLZV ` ZVIYL [VKV KLZKL \U
KLZJVUVJPTPLU[V[V[HSKLSVX\LZLWYL[LUKL`KLJ}TVZLSSLN}HLZ[HJVUJS\ZP}U¯
(ZxSHHU[LZHSHKLSHHJ[\HSPKHKWVKLTVZZP[\HYSHLU[VYUVHSSPIYVISHUJVKL*YLZZVU! Enseñar y
Aprender Hacia la Sociedad del Conocimiento,LS[YH[HKVKL(TZ[LYKHUKL LS*VUZLSSV,\YVWLVKL
3PZIVHKL4HYaVKLS`:HU[H4¡KL-LPYHKL1\UPVKLSTPZTVH|VLULSX\LSH<,ZLÄQ}LSVIQL[P]V
LZ[YH[tNPJV KL convertirse en la economía basada en el conocimiento más competitiva y dinámica del
mundo, capaz de crecer económicamente de manera sostenible con más y mejores empleos y con mayor
cohesión social.1 LUSHSHZ7YVW\LZ[HZKL3H*VTPZP}ULUTH[LYPHKLLTWSLVOHJLUYLMLYLUJPHZL_WSPJP[HZ
HSHMVYTHJP}UJVTVTV[VYKLSVZJHTIPVZHWVY[HUKVSVZYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZZ\ÄJPLU[LZWHYHSSL]HYSVZH
JHIVH[YH]tZKLSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`SH¸L_JLSLUJPH¹LUSHYLHSPaHJP}U`LQLJ\JP}UKLS[YHIHQV`KLJHYHHSH
JVUZLJ\JP}UKLSWSLUVLTWSLVKLJHSPKHK
,U LZ[H HU[LZHSH LS KPSLTH WYPUJPWHS NPYH LU[VYUV HS HJLYJHTPLU[V KL SH MVYTHJP}U HS [YHIHQV H
¯
[YH]tZKLSKPZL|VKLJVU[LUPKVZX\LYLZWVUKHUHSVZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ`HIYLOV`\U
KLIH[LLZWLJPHSLUSHMVYTHJP}U\UP]LYZP[HYPHpor una parte, se sitúan las posiciones holísticas y
academicistas de algunos y por otra las dimensiones prácticas que conllevan la inserción
SHIVYHSWHYH\UWLYÄSJVUJYL[VKLSVZMVYTHUKVZ3HJVUJS\ZP}UKLLZ[LKLIH[LKLILZLYLSHJLY
JHTPLU[VKLWVZPJPVULZ[LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HSHYLHSPKHKKLSVZLZJLUHYPVZSHIVYHSLZ`Z\ZYLX\LYPTPLU
[VZ`WVYV[YHSHWYVM\UKPaHJP}ULUSVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZH]HSHKVZWVYSVZH]HUJLZKLSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U¯
/H`X\L[LULYLUJ\LU[HX\LSHJHSPKHKLZHSNVHIZ[YHJ[VKPMxJPSKLHUHSPaHYJPYJ\UZJYPIPtUKVSHH\U
ZVSVVIQL[VVWYVK\J[Vla calidad es casi siempre una síntesis objetivable de buenas prácticas,J\HUKVSH
WLYZVUHZX\LSHHUHSPaHWVZLLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ`J\HSPÄJHJPVULZULJLZHYPHZX\LSLWLYTP[LUKVTPUHYLS
JVU[L_[V`KPMLYLUJPHYSVYLN\SHYSVI\LUV`SVL_JLSLU[LKL\UHTHULYHVIQL[P]H`JVU]HSPKLa[YHUZMLYPISL
0N\HSX\LV[YVZJVUJLW[VZVWSHU[LHTPLU[VZla calidad LZ[mTLKPH[PaHKHWVY\UHWHY[LWVYSVZ

H]H[HYLZVWLJ\SPHYPKHKLZKLST\UKVHJ[\HS
LU[YLSHZX\LZLLUJ\LU[YHUSHZM\LY[LZ[YHUZMVYTHJPVULZZVJPHSLZPTWYLNUHKHZWVYYLMLYLU[LZ
JVU[L_[\HSLZLUKVUKLWYPTHU]HSVYLZJVTVSHigualdad de oportunidadesSH eliminación de la
exclusión, SHdemocratización, SHpersonalización,SH formación básica y permanente ...la globali-
zaciónU\L]HZMVYTHZKLNVILYUHY relaciones LU[YLSVZ,Z[HKVZ`WVYV[YHWVYSHZWYVWPHZ[LJ
UVSVNxHZKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U`*VT\UPJHJP}U;0*SHLSLJ[Y}UPJH`SH0UMVYTm[PJHJVTVZVWVY[LOLY
YHTPLU[HSHZHWSPJHJPVULZKLSH/PKYm\SPJH`LSLSLJ[YVTHNUL[PZTVHSVZH\[}TH[HZWYVNYHTHISLZ
SVZJHTIPVZLUSHWYVK\JJP}U`THU\MHJ[\YHJP}UKLHSPTLU[VZSVZH]HUJLZLUSHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZ
NLUt[PJHZLSH\TLU[VKLZLY]PJPVZ`KLVMLY[HKLVJPV"`[VKVSVYLSHJPVUHKVJVULSWYVNYLZV`
LSTVTLU[VHJ[\HS
;VKVLSSVHMLJ[HKL\UHTHULYHKPYLJ[HH\TLU[HUKVKxHHKxHSVZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZHSHZWLYZVUHZ
HSHZLTWYLZHZHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ`HSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZZVUJHKH]LaTmZJVTWSLQHZ`JHKH]La
TmZZLSLKLTHUKH\Utrato de excelencia WHYHLSX\LZL[PLULUX\LTV]PSPaHYTS[PWSLZYLJ\YZVZ
M\UKHTLU[HSTLU[LKLJHYmJ[LYO\THUV`KLHWV`V[LJUVS}NPJVX\LL_PNLUSHKPZWVUPIPSPKHKKL
competencias JYLHKHZLPU[LYPVYPaHKHZWVYLSPUKP]PK\VKLU[YVKL\UHJ\S[\YHJVSHIVYH[P]HJHWHJLZ
KLHKHW[HYZLJVUZ[HU[LTLU[LH[YH]tZKLSJVU[PU\\TMVYTH[P]VHSVZJHTIPVZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UX\L
ZLSLZVSPJP[HU
;LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HSVHU[LYPVYSHKLÄUPJP}UTmZWYLJPZHHWSPJHISLHSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLS[PWVKLSHZ
YLMLYLUJPHKHZLZSHX\LZLHWV`HLULSJVUJLW[VKL“calidad como excelencia”,WVYZLYLSTmZNLUtYPJV
e integra
3H -7 YLNSHKH LZ[m JVUZPKLYHKH JVTV \UH MVYTHJP}U WVZ[VISPNH[VYPH X\L JVTV JVU[PU\HJP}U KL
SH -7 KL IHZL J\YZHKH LU SH LUZL|HUaH VISPNH[VYPH HWVY[H KVZ UP]LSLZ KL J\HSPÄJHJP}U UP]LS LS *PJSV
-VYTH[P]VKL.YHKV4LKPV5P]LSLS*PJSV-VYTH[P]VKL.YHKV:\WLYPVY(TIVZLZ[mUVYNHUPaHKVZWVY
\UPKHKLZKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ\YNPKHZKL\ULZ[\KPVKLSWLYÄSWYVMLZPVUHSHSHZX\LKHUJVILY[\YHMVYTH[P]H
SVZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZT}K\SVZ,Z[LKPZL|VLZLSJVYHa}UKLSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSVZZ\IZPZ[LTHZYLNSHKV
(WHY[HKV¢KLSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZKLSH7YLZPKLUJPHKL3PZIVH*64 `*64


VJ\WHJPVUHS`JVU[PU\HX\LHSVSHYNVKL\UVZJ\HYLU[HH|VZZLM\LYVUJVUZVSPKHUKVLUU\LZ[YV,Z[HKV
OHZ[HSSLNHYHZ\MVYTH[VHJ[\HS"IPLUWVY\UHULJLZPKHKKLU\L]HZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ KLYP]HKHZKLSHL]VS\
JP}UWYVK\J[P]H"IPLUWVYJHTIPVZPU[LYUVZLULSWYVWPVZPZ[LTHKLWYVK\JJP}UVIPLUWVYSHIZX\LKH
KLZVS\JPVULZHKPZ[PU[VZJVSLJ[P]VZKLJHYHHZ\PU[LNYHJP}USHIVYHS,ULSSHZJVUÅ\`LUTS[PWSLZ]HYPHISLZ
KLYP]HKHZKLPTWLYH[P]VZLJVU}TPJVZZVJPHSLZ`WVSx[PJVZ,SSVOHJLX\LZLHUMVYTHJPVULZJVUJHYHJ[L
YxZ[PJHZKPZ[PU[HZ`WLJ\SPHYLZJVULZJLUHYPVZKP]LYZVZ`J\`VKPZL|VYLX\PLYL[LULYLUJ\LU[HTS[PWSLZ
]HYPHISLZKL[LYTPUHU[LZKLSWYVWPVWYVJLZV`JVUWYVZWLJ[P]HOHJPHSH]HSPKHJP}UJVUV[YVZZPZ[LTHZWHYH
SHJLY[PÄJHJP}UVLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}U.
,Z[HTVZHU[L\UU\L]VYL[VX\LPTWSPJHLUWYPTLYS\NHYLSHJLYJHTPLU[VKLSHMVYTHJP}UHSZPZ[LTH
WYVK\J[P]V`LZ[VKLWLUKLLUNYHUTLKPKHKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VX\LZL[LUNHKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZKLtZ[LLU
[tYTPUVZKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ
Pequeña historia de los mecanismos para la interrelación y validación de las equivalencias:
3HPU[LNYHJP}UKLSVZZ\IZPZ[LTHZLZ`H\U]PLQVYL[VKLSHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}ULK\JH[P]HKLSVZLTWSL
HKVYLZ`KLSWHY[LULYPHKVZVJPHSZPIPLULZJPLY[VX\LSHZTLKPKHZM\LYVUTmZLULSJHTWV[L}YPJVVKL
KLJSHYHJP}UKLPU[LUJPVULZX\LLMLJ[P]HZ/H`X\LYLJVUVJLYX\LIHQVLZ[HPKLHNPY}I\LUHWHY[LKLSVZ
WYVNYHTHZUHJPVUHSLZ0`00KL-7`V[YVZWYV`LJ[VZ\UHZxU[LZPZKLLZHZTLKPKHZX\LZPLTWYL[VTHYVU
JVTV YLMLYLU[L LS JVUVJPTPLU[V KLS [YHIHQV HUmSPZPZ KLS [YHIHQV ` Z\ [YHK\JJP}U MVYTH[P]H J\YYxJ\S\T
IHZHKVLUJVTWL[LUJPHZ7HYHUVZV[YVZLSJHTIPVWYPUJPWHSSVWYVK\QV¸La Ley Orgánica 5/2002, de
KL1\UPVKLSHZ*\HSPÄJHJPVULZ`KLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS¹,ZZPUK\KHLSWHZVKLTmZLU
]LYNHK\YHYLZWLJ[VKLJVUZLN\PY\UHPU[LNYHJP}UYLHSIHZHKHLUTLJHUPZTVZJVTVSVZX\LKLZJYPIPTVZ
LULSHWHY[HKV0KLLZ[L[YHIHQVZ\PUZ[Y\TLU[VWYPUJPWHSLZSHWV[LUJPHJP}UKLSInstituto Nacional de
SHZ*\HSPÄJHJPVULZKLWLUKPLU[LVYNmUPJHTLU[LKLS4PUPZ[LYPVKLLK\JHJP}UJ\S[\YH`KLWVY[L
Z\YNLHTLKPHKVZKLSH|V HÄUKLHWV`HYHS Consejo General de formación Profesional en el desar-
YVSSVKLZ\ZM\UJPVULZJVTV¸YLZWVUZHISLKLKLÄUPYLSHIVYHY`THU[LULYHJ[\HSPaHKVLS*H[mSVNV5HJPVUHS
KL*\HSPÄJHJPVULZ7YVMLZPVUHSLZ`LSJVYYLZWVUKPLU[L*H[mSVNV4VK\SHYKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS¹[HS`
JVTVZLLZWLJPÄJHLULS(Y[xJ\SVKLSHJP[HKHSL`KLSVZX\LKLZ[HJHUSVZZPN\PLU[LZVIQL[P]VZ!
6IZLY]HJP}UKLSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ`Z\L]VS\JP}U
+L[LYTPUHJP}UKLSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ
(JYLKP[HJP}UKLSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ
+LZHYYVSSVKLSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
:LN\PTPLU[V`L]HS\HJP}UKLS7YVNYHTH5HJPVUHSKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
,SJH[mSVNVUHJPVUHSKL*\HSPÄJHJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZ\YNL[HTIPtUHWHY[PYKLSHSL`6YNmUPJH
JVULSÄUKLMHJPSP[HYSHSPIYLJPYJ\SHJP}UKL[YHIHQHKVYLZ`SH\UPKHKKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSLU[VKVLSWHxZ,U[YL
Z\ZM\UJPVULZ`VIQL[P]VZKLZ[HJHUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
(KLJ\HYSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSHSHZKLTHUKHZKLSZPZ[LTHWYVK\J[P]V
0U[LNYHYSVZKPZ[PU[VZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UKLSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
7YVTV]LYSHMVYTHJP}UKLSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZHSVSHYNVKL[VKHZ\]PKH
0KLU[PÄJHYKLÄUPY`VYKLUHYSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ`LZ[HISLJLYZ\ZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZJVU
[LUPKVZMVYTH[P]VZ
+L[LYTPUHYSHZVMLY[HZMVYTH[P]HZJVUK\JLU[LZHSHVI[LUJP}UKL[x[\SVZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS`
KLJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHK
,]HS\HYYLJVUVJLY`HJYLKP[HYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZHKX\PYPKHZH[YH]tZKLSHL_WLYPLUJPH
WYVMLZPVUHSVKL]xHZUVMVYTHSLZKLMVYTHJP}U
-HJPSP[HYSHPUMVYTHJP}U`VYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS`SVZWYVJLZVZKLL]HS\HJP}U`TLQVYHKLSHJHSPKHK
KLS:PZ[LTH5HJPVUHSKL*\HSPÄJHJPVULZ`-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS`WHYHLZ[HISLJLYVMLY[HZMVYTH[P]HZ
HKHW[HKHZHJVSLJ[P]VZJVUULJLZPKHKLZLZWLJxÄJHZ
3HZ J\HSPÄJHJPVULZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ X\L PU[LNYHU LS *5*7 ` X\L ZL HZVJPHU H \UH ZLYPL KL T}K\SVZ
MVYTH[P]VZZLVYKLUHYmUWVYUP]LSLZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}U`WVYMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UKLÄUPKH
como un conjunto de competencias profesionales (conocimientos y capacidades) válidas para el ejercicio
de una actividad laboral, que pueden adquirirse a través de la formación o la experiencia profesional.
,SV[YVOP[VOPZ[}YPJVSVJVUZ[P[\`LLSU\L]VTVKLSVJ\YYPJ\SHY`SH7SHUPÄJHJP}ULZLSPUZ[Y\
TLU[VImZPJVKLSHPU[LNYHJP}U`SHJVU]LYNLUJPHWHYHLSSV[PLULX\LLSHIVYHYZL[LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HYLMLY
LU[LZYLHSLZ`VIQL[P]HISLZX\LWLYTP[HLULZJLUHYPVZJVTWSLQVZ`KPMLYLUJPHKVZZLU[HYJYP[LYPVZWHYHSHOV

TVNLULPaHJP}ULZ[VZYLMLYLU[LZOH`X\LI\ZJHYSVZ[HSJVTV`HZLPUKPJ}LULSLZJLUHYPVKLS[YHIHQVJVTV
HZxOHJLLS:PZ[LTH5HJPVUHSKL*\HSPÄJHJPVULZIHZHUKVSHPU[LNYHJP}ULUKVZ\UPKHKLZKL]HSPKHJP}U!
3H\UPKHKKLJVTWL[LUJPH<*KLÄUPKHJVTV\UJVUQ\U[VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZVI[LUPKHZ
de la división de la competencia general necesaria para poseer un Título Profesional, de tal forma que
[LUNH]HSVY`ZPNUPÄJHKVLULSLTWSLV`X\LZ\MVYTHJP}UHZVJPHKHJ\TWSHSHZJVUKPJPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ
establecidas. Será, por tanto,SHWHY[LTmZWLX\L|HKLSHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSX\LLZ[HISLJLLS[x[\SV
X\LW\LKLHJYLKP[HYZLWHYHSHVI[LUJP}UKLSHTPZTH
@LS4}K\SVWYVMLZPVUHS47\UISVX\LJVOLYLU[LKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLZWLJxÄJHVYKLUHKV
WVYHÄUPKHKMVYTH[P]HX\LJ\TWSLJPLY[HZJVUKPJPVULZKLWYVMLZVYHKV`TLKPVZ
3VZT}K\SVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZJVUZ[P[\`LUSH\UPKHKKLVMLY[HLK\JH[P]H`ZVUSHWHY[LTmZWLX\L|HKL
SHMVYTHJP}UX\LW\LKLHJYLKP[HYZL`JHWP[HSPaHYZLWHYHSHVI[LUJP}UKL\UH[P[\SHJP}UKLMVYTHJP}UWYVML
ZPVUHS3VZT}K\SVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKHUJVILY[\YHMVYTH[P]HHSHZ\UPKHKLZKLJVTWL[LUJPH
,SV[YVYLMLYLU[LZVUSVZUP]LSLZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}U,\YVWLVZX\L[YHK\JPKVZHJVTWL[LUJPHZVYLX\LY
PTPLU[VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLHJ\LYKVJVULZ[VZUP]LSLZLZ[HISLJLU!
7HYHLSNivel 1:*VTWL[LUJPHLU\UJVUQ\U[VYLK\JPKVKLHJ[P]PKHKLZKL[YHIHQVYLSH[P]HTLU[LZPTWSLZ
JVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ H WYVJLZVZ UVYTHSPaHKVZ ZPLUKV SVZ JVUVJPTPLU[VZ [L}YPJVZ ` SHZ
JHWHJPKHKLZWYmJ[PJHZHHWSPJHYSPTP[HKVZ
7HYHLSNivel 2:*VTWL[LUJPHLU\UJVUQ\U[VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZIPLUKL[LYTPUHKHZJVUSHJH
WHJPKHKKL\[PSPaHYSVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ`[tJUPJHZWYVWPHZX\LJVUJPLYULWYPUJPWHSTLU[L
H \U [YHIHQV KL LQLJ\JP}U X\L W\LKL ZLY H\[}UVTV LU LS SxTP[L KL KPJOHZ [tJUPJHZ
9LX\PLYLJVUVJPTPLU[VZKLSVZM\UKHTLU[VZ[tJUPJVZ`JPLU[xÄJVZKLZ\HJ[P]PKHK`
JHWHJPKHKLZKLJVTWYLUZP}U`HWSPJHJP}UKLSWYVJLZV
7HYHLSNivel 3:*VTWL[LUJPHLU\UJVUQ\U[VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZX\LYLX\PLYLULSKVTPUPVKL
KP]LYZHZ[tJUPJHZ`W\LKLZLYLQLJ\[HKVKLMVYTHH\[}UVTHJVTWVY[HYLZWVUZHIPSP
KHKKLJVVYKPUHJP}U`Z\WLY]PZP}UKL[YHIHQV[tJUPJV`LZWLJPHSPaHKVL_PNLSHJVTW
YLUZP}UKLSVZM\UKHTLU[VZ[tJUPJVZ`JPLU[xÄJVZKLSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZ`SHL]HS\HJP}UKL
SVZMHJ[VYLZKLSWYVJLZV`KLZ\ZYLWLYJ\ZPVULZLJVU}TPJHZ
7HYHLSNivel 4:*VTWL[LUJPH LU \U HTWSPV JVUQ\U[V KL HJ[P]PKHKLZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ JVTWSLQHZ YLHSPaH
KHZLU\UHNYHU]HYPLKHKKLJVU[L_[VZX\LYLX\PLYLUJVUQ\NHY]HYPHISLZKL[PWV[tJ
UPJVJPLU[xÄJVLJVU}TPJV\VYNHUPaH[P]VWHYHWSHUPÄJHYHJJPVULZKLÄUPYVKLZHYYVSSHY
WYV`LJ[VZWYVJLZVZWYVK\J[VZVZLY]PJPVZ
7HYHLSNivel 5:*VTWL[LUJPHLU\UHTWSPVJVUQ\U[VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLNYHUJVTWSLQPKHK
YLHSPaHKVZLUKP]LYZVZJVU[L_[VZHTLU\KVPTWYLKLJPISLZX\LPTWSPJHUWSHUPÄJHYHJ
JPVULZ V PKLHY WYVK\J[VZ WYVJLZVZ V ZLY]PJPVZ .YHU H\[VUVTxH WLYZVUHS 9LZWVU
ZHIPSPKHK MYLJ\LU[L LU SH HZPNUHJP}U KL YLJ\YZVZ LU LS HUmSPZPZ KPHNU}Z[PJV KPZL|V
LQLJ\JP}U`L]HS\HJP}U
:PVWLYH[P]PaHTVZSHZ\UPKHKLZKL]HSPKHJP}U`SHZZP[\HTVZLU\UUP]LSKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}U[LULTVZLS
TLJHUPZTVWHYHJPYJ\SHYKL\UVHV[YVZ\IZPZ[LTHPUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[LKLJ}TV`K}UKLZLPTWHY[HSH
MVYTHJP}U
Otras medidas como la creación de los CENTROS INTEGRADOS M\LYVU LS ¸JYPZVS¹ KL SH PU
[LNYHJP}U KL SVZ Z\IZPZ[LTHZ M\L KPMxJPS IPLU WVY MHS[H KL TLKPVZ IPLU WVY KPMLYLUJPHZ KL SVZ KPZ[PU[VZ
JVSLJ[P]VZ KL WYVMLZVYHKV LU J\HU[V H JH[LNVYxHZ HKTPUPZ[YH[P]HZ SHIVYHSLZ ` [HTIPtU KL MVYTHJPVULZ
KPZWHYLZX\LHJVNLSVNYHY\UM\UJPVUHTPLU[V}W[PTVWLYVLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZLOHSVNYHKV`LZ[mUJVU
[YPI\`LUKVZPUK\KHHSNYHUH]HUJLKLSH-7LU[VKHZSHZTVKHSPKHKLZ
,USHZ[YHUZWHYLUJPHZZPN\PLU[LZYLHSPaHTVZ\UHJYVUVSVNxHKLSVZOP[VZOPZ[}YPJVZKLSVZH]HUJLZLU
SVZS[PTVZH|VZ
3VZUP]LSLZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}U]PNLU[LZLU,\YVWH+PHYPV6ÄJPHSKLSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ,\YVWLHZU¢ KLS


Mª Eugenia Pérez Fernández
:\IKPYLJ[VYH?LYHSKL-VYTHJP}U
7YVMLZPVUHSKH*VT\UPKHKL
Formación Profesional
(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPH
en Galicia. Revolución
silenciosa.
Antecedentes da Formación Profesional en Galicia
(IHZLUVYTH[P]HUVX\LZLHZLU[HH-VYTHJP}U7YV
MLZPVUHS]LUKL[LYTPUHKHWVSHZZLN\PU[LZUVYTHZ!
Lei de 1970 3LP?LYHSKL,K\JHJP}U(-7LZ[mWYPUJP
WHSTLU[LLUTHUZKHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}U do sistema educati
]VLKHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}USHIVYHS-VPVTVTLU[VKHZWYmJ[P
JHZLUHS[LYUHUJPHKLJHYmJ[LY]VS\U[HYPV
Lei de 1990 36?:,-7HJ}SSLZLHVTVKLSV¸profe-
sional¹¶WYLWHYHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSJVUZL\ZJVU[PKVZ[LJ
UVS}_PJVZLWYmJ[PJVZ0UJVYWVYHVT}K\SVKL-VYTHJP}U
LU*LU[YVZKL;YHIHSSV-*;T}K\SVVIYPNH[VYPVLH]HSPH
ISLLU[VKVZVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZ
Lei de 2006 36,:\W}UHLX\PWHYHJP}UKHMVYTHJP}U
LYLJV|LJLTLU[VKHL_WLYPLUJPHWYVMLZPVUHS
Actualidade da Formación Profesional en Galicia
5VZ S[PTVZ HUVZ ]LUZL MHJLUKV LU .HSPJPH \UOH

HWVZ[HKLJPZP]HWVSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS]PUJ\SmUKVH
mZKLTHUKHZKV[LJPKVZVJPVWYVK\[P]VKLJHKHaVUHL
JVUZLN\PUKVX\LVZLJ[VYLTWYLZHYPHSHJVUJPIPZLJVTV
\UOHNYHUVWVY[\UPKHKL[HU[VWHYHJVU[HYJVUJHWP[HSO\
THUVHS[HTLU[LMVYTHKVJVTVWHYHTLKYHYLUJVTWL
[P[P]PKHKL
6ZPTWVY[HU[LZLZMVYaVZYLHSPaHKVZ[HU[VHUP]LSLJV
U}TPJV UV PU]LZ[PTLU[V KL LX\PWHTLU[VZ [LJUVS}_PJVZ
UH TLSSVYH L HKHW[HJP}UZ KL H\SHZ L [HSSLYLZ UV THU[L
TLU[V K\UOH HTWSH YLKL KL JLU[YVZ KL -7 WVY [VKH H
_LVNYHMxH NHSLNH V\ HZ TLSSVYHZ VYNHUPaH[P]HZ PU[YVK\JP
KHZWLYTP[LUWHY[PYK\UOHPUTLSSVYHISLWVZPJP}UWHYHWSH
UPÄJHYLHMYVU[HYVZUV]VZYL[VZKHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
JHYHHWY}_PTHKtJHKH
;YHZTVP[VLZMVYaVUVZS[PTVZHUVZOV_LH-VYTH
JP}U7YVMLZPVUHSt\UOHLUZPUHUaHTVKLYUHÅL_PISLKPUm
TPJHHKHW[HKHHV[LJPKVZVJPVWYVK\[P]VLPUJ\IHKVYHKL
NYHUKLZLTWYLUKLKVYLZLWYVMLZPVUHPZ(-VYTHJP}U7YV
MLZPVUHS+\HSLHZWYmJ[PJHZLULTWYLZHZLZ[mUH_\KHUKV
HPUJYLTLU[HYHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSKHTVJPKHKLHZxJVTVH
TLSSVYHYHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLKHZLTWYLZHZ
6Z JHTIPVZ WYVKJLUZL [HU[V H UP]LS KL HS\TUHKV
JVTVLZVIYL[VKVUVPUJYLTLU[VKLJHSPKHKLKLZ[HLU
ZPUHUaH

࠮ Hoxe hai 51.000 matriculados en ciclos formativos, case un 50% máis que no curso 2008/09.
Nos últimos catro cursos asináronse convenios con 34.011 empresas para a realización do
T}K\SVKL-VYTHJP}ULU*LU[YVKL;YHIHSSV-*;WHYH\U[V[HSKLHS\TUHKVKL
O módulo profesional KLMVYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZKL[YHIHSSV-*;tKLJHYmJ[LYVIYPNH[VYPVLU[VKVZ

VZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZZLUKVPUKPZWLUZHISLWHYHHVI[LUJP}UKV[x[\SVHJHKtTPJV
Son prácticas X\LZLKLZLU]VS]LUU\UmTIP[VWYVK\[P]VYLHSJVUJVU[PKVZJVUZPZ[LU[LZUHYLHSPaH
JP}UKLHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVK\[P]HZWYVWPHZKVWLYÄSWYVMLZPVUHS
A relación LU[YLVHS\TUHKVLVJLU[YVKL[YHIHSSVLKLJHYmJ[LYUVUSHIVYHS
A permanencia UHLTWYLZH[LU\UOHK\YHJP}UHWYV_PTHKHKLTLZLZ
2.107 alumnos realizan a FCT no estranxeiro nos últimos 4 anos, dentro de proxectos coor-
dinados desde os propios centros educativos ou desde os servizos centrais da CCEOU.
(HKLJ\HJP}UJVUZ[HU[LKHVMLY[HMVYTH[P]HmZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZKLTHUKHKHZWVSVZPZ[L
THWYVK\[P]VLHZVJPLKHKLSL]V\PTWSxJP[VVPUJYLTLU[VWH\SH[PUVKVZJPJSVZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
VMLY[mUKVZLUHHJ[\HSPKHKL\U[V[HSKLJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZKLNYHVTLKPV KLNYHVZ\WLYPVY
LPUJVYW}YHZLH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS)mZPJHX\LJ\IYLVZUP]LPZTmPZLSLTLU[HPZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVML
ZPVUHSJVUJPJSVZ

6TPUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U*\S[\YHL+LWVY[L[LUW\ISPJHKVZ[x[\SVZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSL
LZ[mH[YHTP[HYHJ[\HSTLU[L[x[\SVZ,U.HSPJPHKLZL|mYVUZLLLSHIVYmYVUZLVZYLZWLJ[P]VZJ\YYxJ\SVZ
HKHW[mUKVZL JPJSVZmZKLTHUKHZLULJLZPKHKLZKV[LJPKVZVJPVWYVK\[P]VNHSLNVKH**((
KLZKL
Especial importancia para a economía galega teñen currículos como os seguintes:
7YVK\JP}UHNYVLJVS}_PJH
7HPZH_PZTVLTLKPVY\YHS
.HUKHYxHLHZPZ[LUJPHLUZHUPKHKLHUPTHS
,ÄJPLUJPHLULY_t[PJHLLULY_xHZVSHY[tYTPJH
,ULY_xHZYLUV]HISLZ
*LU[YHPZLStJ[YPJHZ
(UPTHJP}UZ+_VNVZLJVU[VYUVZPU[LYHJ[P]VZ
=P[P]PUPJ\S[\YH
,TLY_LUJPHZZHUP[HYPHZ
,K\JHJP}ULJVU[YVSHTIPLU[HS
,SLJ[YVTLJmUPJHKLTHX\PUHYPH
Plan de Formación Permanente do Profesorado de FP
4LSSVYHYHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKVWYVMLZVYHKVKHZLZWLJPHSPKHKLZKVJLU[LZKL-7KHUKVYLZWVZ
[HmZKLTHUKHZJHTIPHU[LZKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHS
7SHU HU\HS KL MVYTHJP}U! (Z HJ[P]PKHKLZ VMLY[HKHZ PUJSLU MVYTHJP}U LZWLJxÄJH WHYH HZ KPMLYLU[LZ
MHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZHZxJVTVV\[YHZKLJHYmJ[LYTmPZPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYX\LHNS\[PUHUHKPMLYLU[LZ
LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ5VJ\YZV VMtY[HUZLHJ[P]PKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UJVUWYHaHZ
,Z[HKxHZLULTWYLZHZ!;Ym[HZLK\UOHTVKHSPKHKLKLMVYTHJP}UUHX\LVWYVMLZVYHKVYLHSPaHLZ[HKxHZ
MVYTH[P]HZLULTWYLZHZJVHÄUHSPKHKLKLHJOLNHYVWYVMLZVYHKVHVT\UKVWYVK\[P]VLHZL\Z
H]HUJLZ[LJUVS}_PJVZLJVUZLN\PYHTLSSVYHKVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V5VJ\YZV YLHSPaHYHU
LZ[HKxHZMVYTH[P]HZWYVMLZVYLZV\WYVMLZVYHZ
7YV_LJ[VZKLMVYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZ!,Z[HTVKHSPKHKLLZ[mKPYP_PKHHWYVWPJPHYLMHJPSP[HYHPUUV]HJP}U
HTLSSVYHKHWYmJ[PJHKVJLU[LLHHJ[\HSPaHJP}UJPLU[xÄJV[tJUPJHUVWYVWPVJLU[YVLK\JH[P]VKL
TVKV X\L PUJPKH UH TLSSVYH KH LK\JHJP}U 5V J\YZV YLHSPaHYHUZL WYV_LJ[VZ KL
MVYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZKL-7
3PJLUaHZWVYMVYTHJP}UYL[YPI\xKHZ!*VULZ[HTVKHSPKHKLKLMVYTHJP}UKVWYVMLZVYHKV[Ym[HZLX\LV
WYVMLZVYHKVYLMVYJLJVTWSL[LV\HJ[\HSPJLHZHMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSHTWSPHUKVHMVYTHJP}UUHZH
LZWLJPHSPKHKLLSHIVYHUKVTH[LYPHPZJ\YYPJ\SHYLZLZWLJxÄJVZKL-75VJ\YZV YLHSPaHYmU
SPJLUaHZWVYMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZVYLZV\WYVMLZVYHZ(K\YHJP}UHJ\T\SHKHKHZSPJLUaHZYL[YPI\x
KHZtKLTLZLZ

Acreditación da competencia profesional
+LZKLVHUV]LUZLYLHSPaHUKVKL_LP[VJVU[PU\HKVVWYVJLKLTLU[VKVYLJV|LJLTLU[VH]H
SPHJP}UHJYLKP[HJP}ULYL_PZ[YVKHJVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSKHWVIVHJP}UHJ[P]H6VI_LJ[VKLZ[HHJYLKP
[HJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZtYLJV|LJLYH]HSPHYLHJYLKP[HYHJVTWL[LUJPHHKX\PYPKHH[YH]tZKHL_WLYPLUJPH
SHIVYHS L V\[YHZ HWYLUKPaH_LZ UVU MVYTHPZ +LZLU]}S]LZL H [YH]tZ KVZ JLU[YVZ KH 9LKL KL *0-7Z X\L
HJ[HUJVTVZLKLKVWYVJLKLTLU[V(ZJPMYHZUVHUVZVUKL JLU[YVZX\LHJ[HUJVTVZLKLZ
JPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZVMLY[HKVZJVU\UPKHKLZKLJVTWL[LUJPHL\U[V[HSKL WYHaHZ
• 6WYVJLZVPUPJPHKVUHWHZHKHSL_PZSH[\YHJVUZVSPKV\ZLUVZS[PTVZJH[YVHUVZHTWSPHUKVLKP]LYZPÄ
JHUKVHVMLY[HKLHJYLKP[HJP}UmZWLYZVHZ[YHIHSSHKVYHZ
• 6]VS\TLKHVMLY[HZ\WLYV\LUWYVTLKPVHZ WYHaHZWVYJVU]VJH[VYPHLU<*KL J\HSPÄ
JHJP}UZWYVMLZPVUHPZ
• 5VZS[PTVZHUVZWYL[VKL WLYZVHZHJHKHYVU\UYLJV|LJLTLU[VKHZHJVTWL[LUJPHUHS
N\UOHKHZJ\HSPÄJHJP}UZVMLY[HKHZ
;VKHZHZMHZLZKVWYVJLKLTLU[V_LZ[P}UHUZLH[YH]tZK\UOHHWSPJHJP}UPUMVYTm[PJH!O[[WZ!^^^LK\
_\U[HLZHJYLKP[HJPVU
9LKLKLJLU[YVZPU[LNYHKVZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS*0-7
6Z *LU[YVZ 0U[LNYHKVZ KL -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS *0-7 UH *VT\UPKHKL (\[}UVTH KL .HSPJPH ZVU
HX\LSLZ X\L VMYLJLU L PTWHY[LU MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS PUPJPHS V\ YLNYHKH L MVYTHJP}U WHYH V LTWYLNV
*VU[YPILU HV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V KV :PZ[LTH 5HJPVUHS KHZ *\HSPÄJHJP}UZ L KH -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS L

[L|LUJVTVÄUHJ\HSPÄJHJP}ULHYLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UKHZWLYZVHZHVSVUNVKH]PKHTLKPHU[LVLZ[HISLJLTLU[V
K\UOHVMLY[HKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSTVK\SHYÅL_PISLKLJHSPKHKLLHKHW[HKHmZKLTHUKHZKHWVIVH
JP}ULmZULJLZPKHKLZ_LYHKHZWVSV[LJPKVWYVK\[P]V
(9LKLKL*0-7KL.HSPJPHLZ[mJVTWVZ[HHJ[\HSTLU[LWVYJLU[YVZPU[LNYHKVZKLMVYTHJP}UWYV
MLZPVUHSKLWLUKLU[LZKH*VUZLSSLYxHKL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}UL6YKLUHJP}U<UP]LYZP[HYPH6Z*0-7KL
.HSPJPHLZ[mUJLY[PÄJHKVZUV:PZ[LTHKL?LZ[P}UKH*HSPKHKLKH(ZVJPHJP}U,ZWH|VSHKL5VYTHSPaHJP}UL
*LY[PÄJHJP}U(,569UH5VYTH<5,,50:6 !(KLTHPZH9LKLKL*0-7JVU[HJVJLY[PÄJHKV
4\S[PZP[LKHTLZTHUVYTH
6I_LJ[P]VZKH9LKLKL*0-7WHYHVHUV!7YVTV]LYVt_P[VLHJHSPKHKLLK\JH[P]H"WV[LUJPHYH
VMLY[HKHZKPZ[PU[HZTVKHSPKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLZWLJPHSTLU[LH-7+\HS"MH]VYLJLYVWS\YPSPU
NPZTVLHPU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}U"PTW\SZHYHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULPUUV]HJP}UUHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS"MVTLU[HY
HJVSHIVYHJP}ULU[YLVZ*0-7LHZLTWYLZHZWYVTV]LUKVH[YHUZMLYLUJPHKLJV|LJLTLU[VWHYHHTLSSVYH
KHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLLKHPUZLYJP}UKVHS\TUHKVKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLPTW\SZHYVLTWYLUKLTLU[V
Innovación didáctica e tecnolóxica na FP
7YVJtKLZLHVPTW\SZVKHPUUV]HJP}UKPKmJ[PJHL[LJUVS}_PJHUVZJLU[YVZKL-7JVVI_LJ[VKLMVTLU
[HYVPUJYLTLU[VKHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLKHZUVZHZLTWYLZHZL\UOHMVYTHJP}UKLJHSPKHKLX\LTLSSVYLH
LTWYLNHIPSPKHKLLHPUZLYJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKHZWLYZVHZ
Convocatoria Premios Innovación FP. 7HYHKHYYLZWVZ[HHVZH]HUJLZ[LJUVS}_PJVZtULJLZHYPV

\UOH-7LUWLYTHULU[LL]VS\JP}UPU[LNYHKVYHKLUV]HZPKLHZL[LUKLUJPHZ+LUKLVHUVLZ[HUZLH
YLHSPaHYJVU]VJH[VYPHZHU\HPZWHYHVPTW\SZVKLPUPJPH[P]HZLWYV_LJ[VZPUUV]HKVYLZJVUWYLTPVZHWYV_LJ
[VZKLPUUV]HJP}U[LJUVS}_PJHLJPLU[xÄJHLKPKmJ[PJH
WYV_LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}UTPSS}UZKLL\YVZLTmPZKLLTWYLZHZ
2º Congreso de Innovación na FP. +LZWVPZKVWYPTLPYV-70UUV]H, LUTHPVKLJLSL
IYV\ZLHZLN\UKHLKPJJP}UWHYH]PZPIPSPaHYLW}YLU]HSVYHPUUV]HJP}UYLHSPaHKHUVmTIP[VKH-7KPHU[LKH
ZVJPLKHKLLKV[LJPKVWYVK\[P]V32WYV_LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}UL_WVZ[VZ8 WYV_LJ[VZKLTPUPLTWYLZHZL4
LTWYLZHZZHSPKHZKVZ]P]LPYVZ23 centros participantes. 30 LTWYLZHZJVSHIVYHKVYHZ
3º Congreso de Innovación na FP. LUHIYPSKLWHYH]PZPIPSPaHYLW}YLU]HSVYHPUUV]HJP}UYLH

SPaHKHUVmTIP[VKH-7KPHU[LKHZVJPLKHKLLKV[LJPKVWYVK\[P]V30WYV_LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}UL_WVZ[VZ

17 WYV_LJ[VZKLTPUPLTWYLZHZL4 LTWYLZHZZHxKHZKVZ]P]LPYVZ32 centros participantes. 47 empresas
JVSHIVYHKVYHZ
• -70UUV]HVTHPVYLZJHWHYH[LKHPUUV]HJP}UUH-7,WPJLU[YVKH-7LU,ZWH|H
• 7VY [LYJLPYV HUV JVUZLJ\[P]V H ?\U[H JLSLIYV\ -7 0UUV]H .HSPJPH \U HU[LZ L \U KLZWVPZ UH -7
NHSLNH
• (PTWSPJHJP}ULJVTWYVTPZVKVHS\TUHKVWYVMLZVYHKVLLTWYLZHZJVSHIVYHKVYHZX\LLKPJP}U[YHZ
LKPJP}UUVZKLTVZ[YHUHIVHZHKLKH-7NHSLNH
Emprendemento
67SHUKL,TWYLUKLTLU[VUV:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]VKL.HSPJPHeduLTWYLUKLZ\W}U\UOHHWVZ[HJSHYHL
ÄYTLWVSHPTWSHU[HJP}UUHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]HKVZUP]LPZUVU\UP]LYZP[HYPVZKLZ[HJ\S[\YH[HUULJLZHYPH
WHYHTLSSVYHYHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLKHZUVZHZLTWYLZHZLHLTWYLNHIPSPKHKLKVZNHSLNVZLKHZNHSLNHZ(Zx
TLZTV JVUZ[P[LZL JVTV V THYJV VUKL JVVYKPUHY HZ ZPULY_xHZ LU TH[LYPH LTWYLUKLKVYH X\L HJ[LU
ZVIYLVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VVYKLUHUKVLWSHUPÄJHUKVHZHHWSPJHJP}U
Rede de viveiros de empresa. Programa Emprende.
5LZ[HYLKLKLZLU]}S]LUZLU\TLYVZHZHJ[P]PKHKLZJVVI_LJ[P]VKLWV[LUJPHYHJ\S[\YHKVLTWYLUKL
TLU[VLU[YLVHS\TUHKV,Z[HZHJJP}UZ]HUKPYP_PKHZHTLSSVYHYHZJHSPKHKLZX\LZLPKLU[PÄJHUJVJHYmJ[LY
LTWYLUKLKVY JVTV ZVU H I\ZJH KV [HSLU[V H VYH[VYPH H JYLH[P]PKHKL L[J JHWHJPKHKLZ WLYZVHPZ X\L
WYLWHYHUHVHS\TUVWHYHHMYVU[HYVZYL[VZX\LZLSSLWYLZLU[HYmUUVZL\M\[\YVTmPZPUTLKPH[V(ZxTLZTV
KLZLU]}S]LUZLTVP[HZHJ[P]PKHKLZLUJVSHIVYHJP}UJVUYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKVZLJ[VYLTWYLZHYPHS5HHJ[\H
SPKHKLOHP]P]LPYVZKLLTWYLZHZLUKPZ[PU[VZJLU[YVZLK\JH[P]VZ+LUKLVWHY[PJPWHYVU
HS\TUVZLHS\TUHZKLJLU[YVZLHZLZVYmYVUZLWYL[VKLWYV_LJ[VZKLLTWYLZH

Campus de Formación Profesional
.HSPJPHJYLHYmVWYPTLPYV*HTW\ZKL-7KL,ZWH|HX\LZLSVJHSPaHYmLU=PNV-H]VYLJLYmHJVVYKPUH
JP}UKVZJLU[YVZPTWSPJHKVZLVW[PTPaHYmHZHVMLY[HMVYTH[P]H(JVTHYJHJVU[HJVUJLU[YVZWISPJVZ
LUJVUJLSSVZX\LVMLY[HUMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZ6ZVJPVWYPVYP[HYPVtV*VUZVYJPVKHAVUH-YHUJH
(WVZ[HYmWVSHPUUV]HJP}ULVLTWYLUKLTLU[VH[YH]tZKHJVUZ[Y\JP}UK\UUV]VLKPÄJPVV-7/\IX\L
HJ[\HYmJVTVJVYHa}UKVJHTW\Z,Z[LLKPÄJPVM\UJPVUHYmJVTVLSLTLU[VKLJVUL_P}ULZVWVY[LWHYH
VZJLU[YVZKHYLKLL[YHIHSSHYmLUKHZmYLHZKPMLYLUJPHKHZ!HPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULPUUV]HJP}ULVLTWYLU
demento.
Internalización e mobilidade na FP
Plurilingüismo nos ciclos formativos +LU[YVKV7SHUKL7S\YPUSPUNPZTVUVLUZPUVUVU\UP]LYZP

[HYPVKL.HSPJPHUVJ\YZVW_VZLLUTHYJOHH,Z[YH[L_xHNHSLNHKLSPUN\HZLZ[YHU_LPYHZ
,K\SPUNLVMYLJLUKVJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZWS\YPSPUNLZLU.HSPJPH6UTLYVKLJPJSVZH\[VYPaHKVZ
WHYHVJ\YZV tKL6PUJYLTLU[VKLJPJSVZH\[VYPaHKVZJVUYLZWLJ[VVJ\YZVWHZHKVtKV
7VYPKPVTHZ!
0UNStZ! 7VY[\N\tZ!(SLTmU!
Mobilidade =LUZLWHY[PJPWHUKVUVZS[PTVZHUVZLUWYV_LJ[VZKLTVIPSPKHKL,YHZT\Z6ZTmPZ
recentes: 7YV_LJ[V 2 ,YHZT\Z JVUZVYJPV JVU JLU[YVZ WHY[PJPWHU[LZ JVU
TVIPSPKHKLZHS\TUHKVWHYH-*;KL*4L-7)[P[\SHKVZ-7LTVIPSPKHKLZWYVMLZVYHKV
WYHaHZLL_WLY[VZ"7YV_LJ[V2JVUZVYJPVJVU JLU[YVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZJVU
TVIPSPKHKLZHS\TUHKVWHYH -*;KL*:LTVIPSPKHKLZKL\UWYVMLZVY
Proxectos asociacións FP.*VVYKPUHKVYLZ7YV_LJ[V:-(;,:THY[-HYT;YHPUPUNMVY,TWSV`TLU[
ZVJPVZ7YV_LJ[V-\[\YLMHJPUNHJHIHKVZLYL]PZ[PTLU[VZKLTHKLPYHLZVJPVZ7YV_LJ[V4H[LZ4HYP[PTL
(SSPHUJLMVYMVYLZ[PUN[OL,\YVWLHU)S\L,JVUVT`[OYV\NOH4HYPUL;LJOUVSVN`:RPSSPUN:[YH[LN`
Revolución silenciosa
(ZxWVPZWVKLTVZKPJPYX\LH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLU.HSPJPH]P]P\UVZS[PTVZHUVZ\UOH¸YL]VS\JP}U
ZPSLUJPVZH¹/V_LH-7NHSLNHt\UYLMLYLU[LLU[VKVVUVZV,Z[HKVLZLN\LHSP|HKVZWYPUJPWHPZWHxZLZ
L\YVWLVZULZ[LmTIP[VJVTV(SLTH|H:\xaHV\(\Z[YPH;Ym[HZLK\UOH MVU[LKLLTWYLUKLTLU[VLWVY[H
HILY[HHVLTWYLNV\UOH]xHX\LVMYLJL\UHTWSVHIHUVKLWVZPIPSPKHKLZWHYHHYLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
LHMVYTHJP}UHVSVUNVKH]PKHSPMLSVUNSLHYUPUN

José Manuel Castro
Instituto do Emprego
L-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS07
Orientação
para o sucesso
– antes, durante
e após a formação.
“Tomar uma decisão implica uma criação, uma

invenção: existir é também inventar a existência”
*HTWVZ
5HX\PTtYPJHI\ZJHWLSVSVJHSWHYHM\UKHY4HJVUKV
PNUVYHUKVWVYJVTWSL[VHNLVNYHÄHKHYLNPqVU\TJHTP
UOVVUKLH¸H]LYLKHX\LPHTHIYPUKV[VYUH]HZLHMLJOHY
LT WV\JV [LTWV n TLKPKH X\L WHZZH]HT¹ 1VZt (YJm
KPV)\LUKxHZLTWYLKLVSOVUHIZZVSHPHKPaLUKV!¸O
essencial é não se perder a orientação” .HYJPH4HYX\La
W
/VQLUVLZIVYVHYKH[YxHKLVYNHUPaHKVYH¶MVYTHsqV
WYVÄZZqVLTWYLNV ¶ MHJL n PYYLWYPTx]LS HJLSLYHsqV KH
T\KHUsH ZVJPHS L [LJUVS}NPJH VUKL VZ TS[PWSVZ S\NH
YLZKL]PKHLKL[YHIHSOVZLKPZWLYZHTLT[LYYP[}YPVZKL
KIPHZ MYVU[LPYHZ UV]HTLU[L ZL WYLZLU[L V JSHTVY KH
\YNvUJPHLPTWVY[oUJPHKHVYPLU[HsqV6YPLU[HsqV como
LZWLYHUsHTHPZKVX\LZLN\YHUsHJVTVJVUÄHUsHTHPZ
KV X\L JLY[LaH JVTV WVU[V WHY[PKH THPZ KV X\L WVY[V
KLJOLNHKH
(Z TVKLYUHZ MVYTHZ KL UHYYH[P]H WYVÄZZPVUHS VIYP
NHTUVZHWYVJ\YHYV\[YVZZPNUPÄJHKVZWHYHVZWLYJ\Y
ZVZWYVÄZZPVUHSTLU[LX\HSPÄJHU[LZUV]VZZPU}UPTVZKL
MVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSYLMLYvUJPHLIZZVSHUHJVTWYLLU
ZPIPSPKHKLKVZTHWHZKHPU[LYYLSHsqVKHZWLZZVHZJVTV
[YHIHSOV(MVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSWVU[LLMVU[LKLZLN\
YHUsH]LTZLUKVKLÄUPKHJVTV\THPU[LY]LUsqVLK\JH
[P]HX\L]PZHKLSPILYHKHTLU[LWYVK\aPYX\HSPÄJHsLZWYV
ÄZZPVUHPZ"JVUJLIPKHKLZ[LTVKV]PZHHWYLWHYHsqVKHZ
WLZZVHZ WHYH V KLZLTWLUOV KVZ ]mYPVZ WHWtPZ ZVJPHPZ
UVZTS[PWSVZKVTxUPVZKHZ\HL_PZ[vUJPHTHZ]HSVYPaHUKV
HYLSL]oUJPHKVWHWLSKL[YHIHSOHKVYLKVZJVU[L_[VZKL
[YHIHSOV0THNPUmYPV

-HJL HV HNY\WHTLU[V JVUJLW[\HS L TL[VKVS}NPJV KH HTWSH
]HYPLKHKL[LYTPUVS}NPJHKHZPU[LY]LUsLZKLVYPLU[HsqV¶WVYL_
]VJHJPVUHSWYVÄZZPVUHSLZJVSHY\UP]LYZP[mYPHKLJHYYLPYHVW[V\
ZLULZ[L[L_[VWLSH\[PSPaHsqVZ}KV[LYTVVYPLU[HsqV"JVU[\KV
PTWVY[H HZZPUHSHY X\L T\P[V KV WLYJ\YZV KH VYPLU[HsqV UVZ
WYVJLZZVZKLPU[LY]LUsqVUV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV
7YVÄZZPVUHS MVP HUJVYHKV LT [VYUV KH M\UsqV L TVKLSVZ KL
¸VYPLU[HsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS¹

(WYVTL[LKVYHLZ[HIPSPKHKLJVUJLW[\HSKLZ[HKLÄUPsqVJVUMYVU[HZLOVQLJVTHT\S[PWSPJHsqVKHZ
WVZZPIPSPKHKLZKLJVUZ[Y\sqVKVZWLYJ\YZVZKLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSLJ\QHZKLUVTPUHsLZ]VNHTLU[YL
[LYTVZ JVTV WVY L_LTWSV HWYLUKPaHNLTMVYTHsqV LT HS[LYUoUJPH J\YZVZ KL LK\JHsqV L MVYTHsqV
J\YZVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZMVYTHsqV[LJUVS}NPJHJ\YZVZZ\WLYPVYLZ[LJUVS}NPJVZLZWLJPHSPaHsqV[LJUVS}NPJH
MVYTHsqVJVU[xU\HL\UPKHKLZKLMVYTHsqVKLJ\Y[HK\YHsqV
( LZ[H HI\UKoUJPH KL WLYJ\YZVZKLZPNUHsLZ ZVTHTZL [HTItT H KP]LYZPKHKL KHZ WLZZVHZ L
WISPJVZLUNHQHKVZUVHJLZZVHLZZHHsLZJ\QHPU[LUZPKHKLKHWYVJ\YHLULJLZZPKHKLZL[YHK\aLT
U\THHTWSH[H_VUVTPH!QV]LUZLHK\S[VZLTWYLNHKVZLKLZLTWYLNHKVZWLZZVHZnWYVJ\YHKLWYPTLPYV
LTWYLNVLKLZLTWYLNHKVZKLSVUNHK\YHsqVWISPJVZKLZMH]VYLJPKHZLQV]LUZX\LUqV[YHIHSOHTUqV
LZ[\KHTULTLZ[qVLTMVYTHsqVPTPNYHU[LZLWLZZVHZJVTPUJHWHJPKHKLZWLZZVHZJVTIHP_VZUx]LPZ
KLLZJVSHYPKHKLLNYHK\HKVZKVLUZPUVZ\WLYPVY
i ULZ[L L_PNLU[L JVU[L_[V JVT HN\KPaHKHZ [LUZLZ LU[YL VZ KP]LYZVZ TVKVZ KL VYNHUPaHsqV KVZ
ZPZ[LTHZKLWYVK\sqVKLX\HSPÄJHsLZPTWYLNUHKVZWLSHZ¸]HYPHsLZKVJHWP[HSPZTV¹UH,\YVWH:VZRPJL
/HSSV\PUJP[HKVZU\TH¸HJZ[PJHKLN\LYYH¹(SOVX\LZLTWYLZLYLJSHTHHHWHaPN\HKVYH
ULJLZZPKHKLKHZPU[LY]LUsLZLKVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZKLVYPLU[HsqV
6YPLU[HsqVJ\QVZLU[PKVZLMVPJVUZ[Y\PUKVHVSVUNVKVZKP]LYZVZJPJSVZKLJYPZLLJVU}TPJHKVZZtJ
??L??0X\LMVYHTTVSKHUKVVZZL\ZTVKLSVZLHZWYm[PJHZU\TLZJVYYLNHKPVJHYYLPYVPU[LYSPNHUKVH
MVYTHsqVLV[YHIHSOVLVUKLHZLTWP[LYUHHWYLUKPaHNLTHVSVUNVKH]PKHLLT[VKVZVZZL\ZJVU[L_
[VZUHZZ\HZKPTLUZLZMVYTHPZUqVMVYTHPZLPUMVYTHPZMVPZPUHSPaHUKVVZWLYJ\YZVZPUKP]PK\HPZKL
X\HSPÄJHsqV
-Y\[VKL[LTWVKHLZWLYHUsHKVWSLUVLTWYLNVLKHWLZZVHJLY[HUVS\NHYJLY[V7HYZVUZ U\T
¸LUJHP_L¹LTWHYLSOHKVLU[YLJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZWLZZVHPZLL_PNvUJPHZKVZWVZ[VZKL[YHIHSOVHVYPLU[HsqV
L]VS\P\KLWVPZWHYHH¸KLZJVILY[H¹KVZLSMLKLPU[LY]LUsLZ]PZHUKVHYL]LSHsqVLVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[V
WLZZVHSTVKLSVX\LZLYPHKVSVYVZHTLU[LHS[LYHKVUVJVUMYVU[VJVTHZLZ[Y\[\YHZZVJPHPZLH\YNvUJPHKV
[YLPUVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZWHYHJVUX\PZ[HYVZKPZW\[HKVZS\NHYLZKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOV,Z[HZWLYZWL[P]HZ
YLMVJHYHTZLQmLTÄUHPZKVZtJ\SVWHZZHKVUHYLSL]oUJPHKHZWLYZWL[P]HZLJVS}NPJHZLKHPU[LYHsqV
JVT\UP[mYPHVUKLVPUJYLTLU[VKHZYLSHsLZMVYHKVZJVU[L_[VZOHIP[\HPZNY\WHPZKL]PKHZLYL]LSHYHT
WYVTL[LKVYHZUHJVUZ[Y\sqVKLUV]VZWYVQL[VZM\[\YVZ
*VL_PZ[PUKVU\THT\S[PWSPJPKHKLKLJHTHKHZJVUJLW[\HPZHVYPLU[HsqVYLSHUsHZLHNVYHWHYHWLYZ
WL[P]HZ KL KLZPNU KH JHYYLPYH H[YH]tZ KH YLJVUZ[Y\sqV KVZ KPZJ\YZVZ ]VJHJPVUHPZ HZZLU[LZ UH JVT
WYLLUZqVKHZYLSHsLZLU[YLVZTS[PWSVZJVU[L_[VZMYHNTLU[HKVZKL[YHIHSOVLTWYLNVHWYLUKPaHNLT
[LU[HUKVUHX\PSVX\LtWVZZx]LSHJLKLYH\THLZWtJPLKLUV]HNYHTm[PJHKVZPU]LZ[PTLU[VZ]VJHJPVUHPZ
VYNHUPaHKHWVY]LYIVZJVTVJVTWYLLUKLY[YPHYHU[LJPWHYPU[\PY3H^
5\TKLSPJHKVWYVJLZZVMHJLnHTWSP[\KLKVJHTWVKLHsqVLnSPTP[HsqVKLYLJ\YZVZVZWYVÄZZPV
UHPZKVZZLY]PsVZWISPJVZKLLTWYLNVLMVYTHsqV¶0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS0,-7
MVYHT JVUJLILUKV WYVQL[VZ JVUZ[Y\PUKV WYVNYHTHZ LUZHPHUKV TVKLSVZ L L_WLYPTLU[HUKV WYm[PJHZ
HKHW[HKHZHVZKP]LYZVZ[LTWVZLHVZKPMLYLU[LZJVU[L_[VZKLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS
5\TH SLP[\YH ZPU[t[PJH HZ HIVYKHNLUZ KVZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ KL VYPLU[HsqV KV 0,-7 WYPVYPaH]HT [YvZ
TVTLU[VZJYx[PJVZKLPU[LY]LUsqVUHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS!
(U[LZ KHZ HsLZWLYJ\YZVZ KL MVYTHsqV ¶ H[YH]tZ KL WYVJLZZVZ PUKP]PK\HPZ V\ LT NY\WV X\L
]PZH]HT H YLKPZ[YPI\PsqV KVZ JHUKPKH[VZ WLSHZ ]HNHZ KL VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KL MVYTHsqV KPZWVUx]LS
PUMVYTHsqVVYPLU[HsqVLZLSLsqV
(VSVUNVKHMVYTHsqV¶H[YH]tZKVHJVTWHUOHTLU[VWZPJVWLKHN}NPJVKHZHsLZKLMVYTHsqV
]PZHUKVNHYHU[PYHPU[LNYHsqVKVZHWYLUKLU[LZUVZWYVNYHTHZVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZYLSHsLZL
KPUoTPJHZPU[LYWLZZVHPZKLU[YVKVZNY\WVZLHHWYV_PTHsqVHVZJVU[L_[VZYLHPZKL[YHIHSOV
(W}ZHMVYTHsqV¶UHWYVTVsqVKHPUZLYsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSLHWVPVUHNLZ[qVKHJHYYLPYH
,Z[L TV]PTLU[V JVUZVSPKHKV JVT V KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V NYHK\HS KVZ ZLY]PsVZ L KHZ TVKHSPKHKLZ KL
MVYTH[P]HZWYVTV]PKHZWLSV0,-7JVUMYVU[V\ZLULZ[LZtJ\SV??0JVTH\YNLU[LULJLZZPKHKLKLYLZWVZ
[HZKLVYPLU[HsqVMHJLHVPTWYLZZPVUHU[LJYLZJPTLU[VLT\S[PWSPJPKHKLKHZVMLY[HZKLMVYTHsqV[HU[V
PU[LYUHTLU[LJVTVLTLU[PKHKLZWYP]HKHZLH\THWYVJ\YHKPZWLYZHJVU[PUNLU[HKHPUJPWPLU[LV\WV\JV
TV[P]HKHJVTTS[PWSHZOL[LYVNLULPKHKLZLKP]LYZPKHKLKLLZWHsVZLSVJHPZKLMVYTHsqV(VTLZTV
[LTWVHJYLZJLU[LYLSL]oUJPHKVZWYVJLZZVZKLYLJVUOLJPTLU[VL]HSPKHsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHLKVZWLY
J\YZVZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqVKLHK\S[VZWLYTP[P\YLSHUsHYLZWLYHUsVZHTLU[LTVKLSVZPUV]HKVYLZKL
PU[LY]LUsqVHZZLU[LZLTTL[VKVSVNPHZKLIHSHUsVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZJVUZ[Y\sqVKLWVY[LM}SPVZTLZTV
X\LPUZ[HIPSPaHKVZUHZ\HHWYVWYPHsqVJVUJLW[\HSWLSH\YNLU[LLPUNLU[LTVIPSPaHsqVKLHK\S[VZWV\JV
MHTPSPHYPaHKVZJVTLZZLZWYVJLZZVZ

,Z[L TPYHKV\YV ZVIYL HZ WHPZHNLUZ KHZ WYH_PZ KL VYPLU[HsqV UV JVU[L_[V KV 0,-7 WLYTP[L X\L ZL
[LU[LT]PZS\TIYHYUH[tU\LUP[PKLaKL\T[LYYP[}YPVZVIYLZZHS[HKVWVYT\KHUsHZIY\ZJHZKVYLSL]VLKH
YLSL]oUJPHKHVYPLU[HsqVHSN\UZZPUHPZKVHU\UJPHKVM\[\YVLKVZKLZHÄVZJVTX\LZLJVUMYVU[HYqVVZ
ZL\ZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ
,TWYLNVLMVYTHsqV!X\LX\HSPÄJHsqVWHYHX\L[YHIHSOV&
5qVWHYLJLOH]LYTHPVYJLY[LaHKVX\LHPUJLY[LaHHJLYJHKVZJLUmYPVZZVIYLVM\[\YVKV[YHIHSOVL
HZZ\HZPU[LYHsLZJVTVZWYVJLZZVZKLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS7V\JHZK]PKHZ[HTItT]HTVZ[LUKVKL
X\LHLZ[Y\[\YHsqVKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOV[LUOH\THYLSHsqVKPYL[HLJVUZPZ[LU[LJVTVZZPZ[LTHZKL
,K\JHsqVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS,-7TLZTVX\LPUÅ\LUJPLPUK\IP[H]LSTLU[LH[YHUZPsqVKVZQV]LUZ
LHK\S[VZWHYH\TLTWYLNV+LZJ` ;LZZHYPUN(PUKHHZZPTVZTVKLSVZX\LWHYLJLTM\UJPVUHY
JVTTLSOVYLZUx]LPZKLKLZLTWLUOVL]PKLUJPHT\TLSL]HKVUx]LSKLPU[LNYHsqVLJVVYKLUHsqVLU[YLV
LZ[HKVHZLU[PKHKLZMVYTHKVYHZLVZLTWYLNHKVYLZ
+HKVZKV*LU[YV,\YVWL\WHYHV+LZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS*LKLMVWKLZH
ÄHTLZ[HZWLYZWL[P]HZHVLSLUJHYLTHZL_PNvUJPHZKLJVTWL[vUJPHZLMVYTHsqVX\HSPÄJHsqVUVOVYPaVU[L
KL!
H( WYVWVYsqV KL [YHIHSOHKVYLZ X\L L_LYJLT WYVÄZZLZ HS[HTLU[L X\HSPÄJHKHZ PYm H\TLU[HY! LT
KHWVW\SHsqVLTWYLNHKHL_LYJLYm\T[YHIHSOVHS[HTLU[LX\HSPÄJHKVMHJLHVZ
LTLLT*VU[\KV[HTItTHWLYJLU[HNLTKLLTWYLNVZUqVX\HSPÄJHKVZYLNPZ
[HYm\TH\TLU[VJVU[xU\VWHZZHUKVKL LTLLTWHYHLT
I;VKH]PHTLZTVVZLTWYLNVZ¸UqVX\HSPÄJHKVZ¹LX\L[YHKPJPVUHSTLU[LL_PNPYPHT\TTLUVYUx]LS
KLX\HSPÄJHsLZV\ULUO\THMVYTHsqVPTWSPJHYqV[HYLMHZJHKH]LaTHPZL_PNLU[LZ5LZ[LJHZV
THPZX\LKVUx]LSKLX\HSPÄJHsqVL_PNPKVWHYH\TLTWYLNVZLYmWYLJPZV[LYLTJVU[HHL]VS\sqV
KVNYH\KLJVTWSL_PKHKLKHYV[PUHUHZM\UsLZHKLZLTWLUOHY
J([tLPUKLWLUKLU[LTLU[LKVUx]LSKLX\HSPÄJHsqVL_PNPKVVZLTWYLNVZKPZWVUx]LPZZLYqV
JHKH ]La THPZ HX\LSLZ X\L UqV WVKLYqV ZLY MHJPSTLU[L Z\IZ[P[\xKVZ WVY ]PH KH [LJUVSVNPH KHZ
T\KHUsHZVYNHUPaHJPVUHPZV\KHL_[LYUHSPaHsqVKLM\UsLZ,ZZLZLTWYLNVZKPZWVUx]LPZL_PNPYqV
ZVIYL[\KVJHWHJPKHKLZKLYHJPVJxUPVJVT\UPJHsqVVYNHUPaHsqVLKLJPZqV
(YLJVUZ[Y\sqVWLYTHULU[LKHZ[YHQL[}YPHZKLMVYTHsqV
8\LZ[qVT\UKPHSZLTWYLLTYL]PZqVHLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS,-7MVPVIQL[VUVoTIP[V
do Shanghai Consensus<5,:*6KL\THWYVWVZ[HKLHSHYNHTLU[VKVJVUJLP[V=,;=VJH[PVUHS
,K\JH[PVUHUK;YHPUPUN¶WHYH;=,;;LJOUPJHSHUK=VJH[PVUHS,K\JH[PVUHUK;YHPUPUN*VTLZ[HUV]H
KLZPNUHsqVWYVJ\YHZLPTW\SZPVUHY\TX\HKYVKLLU[LUKPTLU[VUVX\HSVZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHsqVWVZZHT
YLZWVUKLYnZPUZ[m]LPZL_PNvUJPHZKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOVH[YH]tZKVMVTLU[VKHHX\PZPsqVKLZHILYLZ
WHYHH]PKHLKHZJVTWL[vUJPHZULJLZZmYPHZWHYHV[YHIHSOVLWHYHHHWYLUKPaHNLTWLYTHULU[L6X\L
WHYLJLLZ[HYLTJH\ZHUH;=,;LK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqV[tJUPJHLWYVÄZZPVUHSU\THHJLWsqVWVY[\N\LZH
ZLYmHJHWHJP[HsqVWHYHVHWYLUKLYHHWYLUKLYLJVTVZLHKHW[HYTHPZKVX\LYLHSPaHY\UPJHTLU[LH
WYLWHYHsqVWHYHWYVÄZZLZLZWLJxÄJHZ5\TV\[YVZLU[PKVV>VYSK,JVUVTPJ-VY\T>,-HJLU
[\HHWYPVYPKHKLL\YNvUJPHKVZWYVJLZZVZKL¸9LZRPSSPUNHUK9L[YHPUPUN¹LZWLJPHSTLU[LHN\KPaHKVZWLSV
PUL]P[m]LSLU]LSOLJPTLU[VKHWVW\SHsqVH[P]HUH,\YVWH
,Z[LZJLUmYPVZWLYTP[LTLU[LUKLYVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKL\TH]PZqVKHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSVYNHUP
aHKHLT[VYUVKLJPUJVWYPVYPKHKLZ!
PHL]VS\sqVKHOPWLYLZWLJPHSPaHsqVWHYH\THX\HSPÄJHsqVWYVNYLZZP]HLWLYTHULU[LJVTHZLJ\U
KHYPaHsqVKHZJVTWL[vUJPHZ[tJUPJHZLZWLJxÄJHZTHZTHU[LUKVZLHZ\HJLU[YHSPKHKLLT[LYTVZ
KLUx]LSKLX\HSPÄJHsqVLV[x[\SVWYVÄZZPVUHS"
PPHJLU[\HsqVKH]HSVYPaHsqVKL\TUJSLVK\YVKLH[P[\KLZKPZWVZPsLZ]HSVYLZJVTVHPUPJPH[P]H
JYPH[P]PKHKLJHWHJPKHKLZKLJVT\UPJHsqVKLYLZVS\sqVKLWYVISLTHZ[YHIHSOVLTNY\WVYLJVSOH
L[YH[HTLU[VKLPUMVYTHsqV"
PPP*VUJLsqVKLUV]VZJ\YYxJ\SVZLU[LUKPKVZJVTVHZHWYLUKPaHNLUZJVUZPKLYHKHZULJLZZmYPHZU\T
[LTWVLU\TLZWHsVUVZX\HPZHMVYTHsqVLZ[LQHVYPLU[HKHWHYHHHX\PZPsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ
JVUJYL[HZLYLSL]HU[LZWHYHVZHWYLUKLU[LZHKV[HUKVLHKHW[HUKVUV]VZWYVJLZZVZKLH]HSPHsqV
KVZYLZ\S[HKVZKHZHWYLUKPaHNLUZMH]VYLJLUKVLPUJP[HUKVVLZMVYsVLHWYVNYLZZqVWLYTHULU[LZ"

P]HJLU[YHSPKHKLKHMVYTHsqVUVZJVU[L_[VZKL[YHIHSOVS\NHYLZKLTS[PWSVZZHILYLZLLZWHsVZKL
HS[LYUoUJPHWYVJLZZVKLVYPLU[HsqVKLX\HSPÄJHsqVV\KLPUZLYsqVHZZLN\YHUKVHX\HSPKHKLKHZ
HWYLUKPaHNLUZUVL_LYJxJPVWYVÄZZPVUHSLHJYLKP[HsqVKVZZL\ZYLZ\S[HKVZ
](\YNvUJPHKLLU[YHUOHYHMVYTHsqVUVZUV]VZTVKLSVZKLVYNHUPaHsqVKV[YHIHSOVLTVKHSPKHKLZ
KLLTWYLNVUVTLHKHTLU[LUHZKP]LYZHZaVUHZJPUaLU[HZKHZMVYTHZKLWYLJHYPaHsqVLPU[LYTP
[vUJPH
5V]HZL_PNvUJPHZWHYHVZZPZ[LTHZTVKLSVZLWYm[PJHZKLVYPLU[HsqV
9L[VTHUKV V TV[L PUPJPHS KV [L_[V X\L WHWLS ZL WVKL HU[L]LY WHYH H VYPLU[HsqV& ( KPZWLYZqV KL
TS[PWSVZZ\IZPZ[LTHZKLVYPLU[HsqVLZJVSHYWYVÄZZPVUHS]VJHJPVUHSKLQV]LUZLHK\S[VZKLKLZLTWYL
NHKVZKLQV]LUZX\LUqVLZ[\KHTULTLZ[qVLTMVYTHsqVKL\UP]LYZP[mYPVZKLPUZLYsqVKLYLHIPSP[HsqV
JVUK\aPUL]P[H]LSTLU[LH\TKLZWLYKxJPVKLYLJ\YZVZLKLOPZ[}YPHZKL]PKHYLZ\S[HU[LKHH\ZvUJPHKL
PU[LYHsLZH[P]HZLJVUZ[Y\[P]HZLU[YLZLY]PsVZX\LWVKLYPHTJVUZ[P[\PY\THHTWSHYLKLKLJVVWLYHsqV
WYVTV]LUKVVHJLZZVHJLU[YVZKLYLJ\YZVZVJVUMYVU[VJVT\THTHSOHHSHYNHKHKP]LYZPÄJHKHLHY[P
J\SHKHKLVWsLZKLMVYTHsqVX\HSPÄJHsqVILTJVTVHWYVJLZZVZKLYLJVUOLJPTLU[VL]HSPKHsqVKHZ
JVTWL[vUJPHZHKX\PYPKHZUqVMVYTHSTLU[L,Z[HTVZKLUV]VUV[LTWVLUVTVTLU[VKLYLHÄYTHYH
\YNLU[LULJLZZPKHKLKLJYPHsqVKL\THTH[YPaUHJPVUHSKVZZLY]PsVZKLVYPLU[HsqVX\LPU[LUJPVUHSTLU[L
WYVJ\YLTJVSVJHYHWLZZVHUVJLU[YVKL\THYLKLPUZ[P[\JPVUHSLJVT\UP[mYPHX\LJVVWLYLLWV[LUJPLHZ
Z\HZZPULYNPHZWHYHLUJVU[YHYZVS\sLZWHYHLZ[PT\SHYWYVQL[VZWHYHJVUZ[Y\PYM\[\YVZ
5HH\ZvUJPHKLKLZ[HLZWtJPLKLWHUVLKLWSHUVKLM\UKV]HSLYmHWLUHYLHSsHYHL]LU[\HSWLY
[PUvUJPHKLHSN\THZWYVWVZ[HZKLPU[LY]LUsLZKLVYPLU[HsqVUHMVYTHsqVWLSVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZKV0,-7!
A. Intervenções antes da formação.
+LZHWHYLJPKHHJVYYLZWVUKvUJPHX\HZLKPYL[HLU[YLHMVYTHsqVHWYVÄZZqVLVLTWYLNVTHPZZL[LT
HJLU[\HKVHPTWVY[oUJPHKLPU[LY]LUsLZKLVYPLU[HsqVX\LHWVPLTHZWLZZVHZUHL_WSVYHsqVLPU]LZ[P
TLU[VJVU[PU\HKVUHZWVZZPIPSPKHKLZKLMVYTHsqVHWYLUKPaHNLTWLYTHULU[LLUHJYPHsqVKLJVUKPsLZ
WHYHJVUZ[Y\sqVKVZWYVQL[VZWYVÄZZPVUHPZJVUJYL[Pam]LPZUVZJVU[L_[VZKL]PKHKLJHKH\T(ZZ\TL
YLSL]oUJPHH]HSVYPaHsqVKHZHWYLUKPaHNLUZUqVMVYTHPZLPUMVYTHPZYLHSPaHKHZHVSVUNVKH]PKHILTJVTV
UVJHZVKVZHK\S[VZKLZLTWYLNHKVZHYLJVUZ[Y\sqVKHZZ\HZUHYYH[P]HZ]VJHJPVUHPZWYVJ\YHUKVYLSH
JPVUHYVZKP]LYZVZTVTLU[VZMYHNTLU[HKVZKLLTWYLNVKLZLTWYLNVHWYLUKPaHNLUZLJVTWL[vUJPHZ
QmHKX\PYPKHZJVT]PZ[HnPKLU[PÄJHsqVKLHS]VZLWYVQL[VZKL]PKH[YHIHSOVL_LX\x]LPZUHYLKLKLVMLY[HZ
MVYTH[P]HZL_PZ[LU[LZ0U[LY]LUsqVKLVYPLU[HsqVX\L]PZLYLSPNHYVZZLU[PKVZLÄUHSPKHKLZKVZWLYJ\YZVZ
KLHWYLUKPaHNLTT\P[HZ]LaLZJVTTHYJHZLJPJH[YPaLZKVZZ\JLZZP]VZHIHUKVUVZMVTLU[HUKVH]HSV
YPaHsqVWLZZVHSLZVJPHSKVZWYVJLZZVZMVYTHPZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS
5\T[LTWVLTX\LKPMLYLU[LZVWsLZWVKLTJVUK\aPYHYLZ\S[HKVZLX\P]HSLU[LZHPU[LY]LUsqVKVZ
WYVÄZZPVUHPZKLVYPLU[HsqVKV0,-7KL]LYPH[LY\TMVJVWYLJPZVUHJYPHsqVKLJVUKPsLZWHYHHJVUZ[Y\sqV
H\[}UVTHKLWLYJ\YZVZKLHWYLUKPaHNLTHUJVYHKVZUHZTS[PWSHZWVZZPIPSPKHKLZLJVTIPUH[}YPHZWLY
TP[PKHZH[\HSTLU[LWLSVZPZ[LTHUHJPVUHSKLX\HSPÄJHsLZLWLSVWHZZHWVY[LKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ8\HSPÄJH
B. Intervenções durante a formação.
( ULJLZZPKHKL KHZ PU[LY]LUsLZ KL VYPLU[HsqV K\YHU[L L HV SVUNV KVZ WYVJLZZVZ MVYTH[P]VZ KL
MVYTHYLN\SHYLZPZ[LTm[PJHUqV[LUKVUHZJPKV¸UH[\YHSTLU[L¹UVZTVKLSVZ[YHKPJPVUHPZKLLTWHYLSOH
TLU[VKPZ[YPI\PsqVKVZJHUKPKH[VZWLSHZVMLY[HZKLMVYTHsqVHJHIV\WVYZLHÄYTHYJVTV\THPTWVY
[HU[LTL[VKVSVNPH+LMHJ[VHJVUZ[Y\sqVWH\SH[PUHKLWYVQL[VZLWYVNYHTHZKLPU[LY]LUsqVHJVTWH
UOHTLU[V ILT JVTV H Z\H PTWSLTLU[HsqV UVZ WLYJ\YZVZ THPZ SVUNVZ L X\HSPÄJHU[LZ KLTVUZ[YV\ H
PTWVY[oUJPH KLZZL TVTLU[V KLSPILYHKV KL VYPLU[HsqV ]VJHJPVUHS UH TV[P]HsqV L UV PU]LZ[PTLU[V UH
MVYTHsqVWLSVZHWYLUKLU[LZ
/VQL H X\LZ[qV JVSVJHZL LT [LYTVZ KHZ WVZZPIPSPKHKLZ KL KLZLU]VS]LY LZ[HZ PUPJPH[P]HZ KL MVYTH
JVU[PU\HKH L PU[LUJPVUHS Z\WVY[HKH U\T WYVQL[V HKHW[HKV L ULNVJPHKV JVT VZ HWYLUKLU[LZ ;LTHZ
JVTV V LU]VS]PTLU[V KVZ HWYLUKLU[LZ UVZ WYVJLZZVZ KL HWYLUKPaHNLT KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V KL YLSHsLZ
PU[LYWLZZVHPZKLJVUÄHUsHKLU[YVKVNY\WVYLTVsqVKLVIZ[mJ\SVZKLUH[\YLaHHML[P]HLYLSHJPVUHSJVT
MVYTHKVYLZLV\[YVZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZKHVYNHUPaHsqVLKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]HJVUZ[P[\LTZLJVTV\TH
ULJLZZPKHKLL\THLZWtJPLKLNHYHU[PHKVPU]LZ[PTLU[VMLP[VUHMVYTHsqV
5VZWLYJ\YZVZJVT\THMVY[LJVTWVULU[LKLMVYTHsqVLTJVU[L_[VZWYVÄZZPVUHPZLZ[LHJVTWH
UOHTLU[VtWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LULJLZZmYPVUVMVTLU[VKLL_WLYPvUJPHZKL[YHIHSOVLUZHPVKHZ[YHUZPsLZKV
JVU[L_[VMVYTH[P]VWHYHVLZ[mNPVLUVWYVJLZZVKLZVJPHSPaHsqVMHJLnZL_PNvUJPHZLnJ\S[\YHVYNHUPaH
JPVUHSKHZLTWYLZHZ

3. Após a formação
(WLZHYKL[VKHZHZPUJLY[LaHZHJLYJHKHZ\HLÄJmJPHVZWYVNYHTHZKLWYVTVsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ
KLWYVJ\YHKLLTWYLNVKL]LYqVJVU[PU\HYHZLY\TMVJVKLPU[LY]LUsqVKVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZKLVYPLU[HsqV
4HPZKVX\LHNHYHU[PHPYYLHSPZ[HKVLTWYLNVLZ[HPU[LY]LUsqVWVZZPIPSP[HYmVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKL\TZLU
[PKVKLJHYYLPYHWLSVHWYLUKLU[LUVX\HSHLTWYLNHIPSPKHKLWVZZHZLYHWYLLUKPKHU\TZLU[PKVPUKP]PK\HS
LWVY[HU[VWYVK\[VKHZ\HJHWHJPKHKLLZMVYsVKLPUZLYsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSLUVJVUMYVU[VJVTHZT\KHUsHZ
KL WHWLS UV PU[LYPVY KHZ VYNHUPaHsLZ ZLQH UHZ VWVY[\UPKHKLZ ZLQH UHZ KPÄJ\SKHKLZ" LTWYLNHIPSPKHKL
HWYLLUKPKH[HTItTU\TZLU[PKVJVSL[P]VJVTTS[PWSHZPU[LYKLWLUKvUJPHZLHY[PJ\SHsLZJVTHZVWVY
[\UPKHKLZPUZ[P[\PsLZLYLNYHZX\LYLN\SHTVTLYJHKVKLLTWYLNV
*HYYLPYHLLTWYLNHIPSPKHKL[LYTVZKL\TIPU}TPVJVTWSL_VHZZLU[LU\THJVUJLsqVX\LWYLZZ\WL
WVYWHY[LKHWLZZVH\THHsqVHTWSHTLU[LÅL_x]LSU\TTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOVKLZYLN\SHKVHJLU[\HUKV
HL_PNvUJPHKVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ[YHUZMLYx]LPZX\LWLYTP[HTHTVIPSPKHKLLU[YLWHWtPZ
WYVÄZZPVUHPZ"IPU}TPVJVUKPJPVUHKVWLSHZYLNYHZKLM\UJPVUHTLU[VKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOVWLSHL]VS\
sqVKVZJPJSVZLJVU}TPJVZLWLSHWY}WYPHKPUoTPJHKLLTWYLNHIPSPKHKLKVZYLZ[HU[LZTLTIYVZKVNY\WV
WYVÄZZPVUHSKLWLY[LUsH
,Z[L¸KLWVPZ¹[LTWVKLJVUJS\ZqVKVZWLYJ\YZVZKLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSJVUZ[P[\P\TTVTLU[V
VUKLL]LU[\HSTLU[LZLWVKLYqVPKLU[PÄJHYV\[YVZMVJVZKLPU[LY]LUsqVH[YH]tZKLPUV]HKVYHZTVKH
SPKHKLZ KL HsqV L UV]VZ Z\WVY[LZ WHYH WYVJLZZVZ KL HWVPV L VYPLU[HsqV WYLZLUJPHS LV\ H KPZ[oUJPH
Z\WVY[HKHZLT[LJUVSVNPHZKLJVT\UPJHsqVLPUMVYTHsqV
4) Novos antes, durantes e após…
7VYS[PTVLJVTIHZLULZ[LPU[YPUJHKVLUX\HKYHTLU[VHYYPZJHYLTVZHU[L]LYUV]VZKLZHÄVZLUV]HZ
L_PNvUJPHZ X\L ZL WVKLYqV JVSVJHY HV WYVÄZZPVUHS KL VYPLU[HsqV KV 0,-7 UV oTIP[V UVZ ZLY]PsVZ KL
LTWYLNVLMVYTHsqV!
- O desenvolvimento das capacidades de aprendizagens dos públicos de formação.

(Z JVT\TLU[L KLZPNUHKHZ KPÄJ\SKHKLZ KL HWYLUKPaHNLT ZqV \TH WYVISLTm[PJH X\HZL ZLTWYL
LZX\LJPKHTHZHN\KPaHKHWLSHT\S[PWSPJPKHKLOL[LYVNLULPKHKLLKP]LYZPKHKLKVZWISPJVZKHMVYTHsqV
X\HZLZLTWYLTHYJHKHZWVYWLYJ\YZVZKLHIHUKVUVL_JS\ZqVLPUZ\JLZZVLZJVSHY,Z[LZLYmt¯\T
KLZHÄVX\LJLY[HTLU[LVIYPNHYmVZZPZ[LTHZLTVKLSVZKLMVYTHsqVH[LYLTJVUZPKLYHsqVHH]HSPHsqV
KVZTVKVZKLHWYLUKPaHNLTKVZJHUKPKH[VZHMVYTHsqVPUJLU[P]HUKVWYVJLZZVZKLLK\JHIPSPKHKLJVN
UP[P]HLV\HPTWSLTLU[HsqVKLHTIPLU[LZKLHWYLUKPaHNLT[tJUPJHL[LJUVS}NPJHWYVTV[VYLZKVKLZLU
]VS]PTLU[VH[YH]tZWYLJPZHTLU[LKVZKLZHÄVZKVWYVJLZZVKLHWYLUKLYLKVZZL\ZYLZ\S[HKVZWLZZVHPZ
LWYVÄZZPVUHPZ
- Balanço de Orientação/Balanço de Competências.

5\TOVYPaVU[LZVJPHSLLJVU}TPJV[\YI\SLU[VLX\LHWLSHH\THLZWtJPLKLUH]LNHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS
H\[}UVTHVIHSHUsVKLVYPLU[HsqVKLZPNUHsqVVYPNPUHSKV¶H[\HS¶IHSHUsVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZLTLYNP\
JVTV\TWYVTL[LKVYPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLVYPLU[HsqVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VWLZZVHSLNLZ[qVKHJHYYLPYH
(L]VS\sqVKHZWYm[PJHZKLIHSHUsVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZLT7VY[\NHSULZ[LZS[PTVZHUVZ[LTZPKV
THYJHKH WLSH Z\H HTWSH KPZZLTPUHsqV PU[LNYHKH LT PUPJPH[P]HZ L WYVNYHTHZ HZZVJPHKVZ H ZPZ[LTHZ
KL LK\JHsqV L MVYTHsqV KL HK\S[VZ KLZKL VZ *LU[YVZ KL 9LJVUOLJPTLU[V =HSPKHsqV L *LY[PÄJHsqV
KL *VTWL[vUJPHZ *9=** HVZ H[\HPZ *LU[YVZ 8\HSPÄJH *VU[\KV V KPYLJPVUHTLU[V KHZ H[P]PKHKLZ KL
IHSHUsVWHYHVZZL\ZYLZ\S[HKVZ¸KLZLQm]LPZ¹UVTLHKHTLU[LLT[LYTVZKLH]HSPHsqV]HSPKHsqVLJLY[P
ÄJHsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZHJHYYL[V\LMLP[VZWLYUPJPVZVZHVHJLU[\HYUV]HTLU[L\TTVKLSVKLLTWHYL
SOHTLU[VKVZPUKP]xK\VZHNVYH¸H]HSPHKVZ¹JVTHZVMLY[HZKLMVYTHsqVTVKLSVZKLJLY[PÄJHsqV"HPUKH
HZZPTVIHSHUsVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZHÄYTV\ZLJVTV\TKPZWVZP[P]VKLVYPLU[HsqVPTW\SZPVUHUKVLLUJV
YHQHUKVHWHY[PJPWHsqVH[P]HKVZZ\QLP[VZUHJVUZ[Y\sqVKLUV]VZWYVQL[VZWLZZVHPZLKLJHYYLPYH)HSHUsV
JVTVWLYJ\YZVWLYZVUHSPaHKVLJVTWSL_VX\LWLYTP[LL]PKLUJPHYUqVZ}VTHPZYLSL]HU[LUVQ\xaVKV
WY}WYPVZ\QLP[VJVU[YHZ[HKVJVTVKVWYVÄZZPVUHSKLVYPLU[HsqVUVX\LYLZWLP[HX\LYHVZZL\ZZHILYLZ
HWYLUKPaHNLUZ]HSVYLZTV[P]HsLZJVTWL[vUJPHZLX\HSPÄJHsLZX\LYUVZHZWL[VZYLSH[P]VZn[VTHKH
KLKLJPZqVnNLZ[qVKVZYLJ\YZVZWY}WYPVZnYLZVS\sqVKLWYVISLTHZMHJLnZVWVY[\UPKHKLZLHTLHsHZ
KVJVU[L_[VZVJPVLJVU}TPJVLU]VS]LU[L
:LUKV JLY[V X\L WVY KLÄUPsqV Z} ]VS\U[HYPHTLU[L H WY}WYPH WLZZVH WVZZH YLHSPaHY V ZL\ WY}WYPV
IHSHUsVJVTV\TH[VZPUN\SHYLUPJVHKPUHTPaHsqVLVHWVPVULZ[LWYVJLZZVWLSVWYVÄZZPVUHSKV0,-7
YLHSPaHKVWYLZLUJPHSTLU[LLL]LU[\HSTLU[LHKPZ[oUJPHWVKLYmJVUZ[P[\PY\THZPNUPÄJH[P]HYL]P[HSPaHsqVKH
Z\HM\UsqVVYPLU[HsqVNLZ[qVKHJHYYLPYH

c) Orientação ao longo da vida
( JSHYxZZPTH HJLU[\HsqV KH T\S[PWSPJPKHKL KL TVTLU[V KL LZJVSOH KL ZP[\HsLZ KL KLZLTWYLNV
KLYL[VYUVHWYVJLZZVZLK\JH[P]VZMVYTH[P]VZKLVWsLZWVYWLYJ\YZVZKLHWYLUKPaHNLTUqVMVYTHPZL
]VS\U[mYPVZKL[LUZVZX\LZ[PVUHTLU[VZMHJLnUH[\YLaHPUZ[m]LSKHZMVYTHZKLJVU[YH[HsqVLJVU[YH[\HSP
aHsqVKL[YHIHSOVLTWYLNV[LTKLZWVSL[HKVHWLYJLsqVX\LHVYPLU[HsqVt[HTItT\THULJLZZPKHKL
HVSVUNVKH]PKH
(ZZPZ[PYLTVZ HV Z\YNPTLU[V KL TVKHSPKHKLZ PUV]HKVYHZ KL HWVPV L VYPLU[HsqV HV SVUNV KH ]PKH
HZZLU[LZUHYLSHsqVKLJVUÄHUsHLZ[HILSLJPKHJVTVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZKLVYPLU[HsqVKVZLY]PsVW\ISPJVKL
LTWYLNVLMVYTHsqVU\THJVTWSL_HKPUoTPJHJVTIPUH[}YPHKLZLY]PsVZKLVYPLU[HsqVLTLKPHZVJPHS
LU[YLSHsHKHWVYMH[VYLZJVNUP[P]VZZVJPHPZLTVJPVUHPZLt[PJVZ7YV]H]LSTLU[LSVUNLKV¸WYVÄZZPVUHSKL
VYPLU[HsqVVUSPUL¹THZJLY[HTLU[LPUK\aPKVWLSHTVIPSPaHsqVKHZVTUPWYLZLU[LZ[LJUVSVNPHZHJLSLYHKV
YHZUVHJLZZVHTLPVZKLPUMVYTHsqVZVIYLVMLY[HZMVYTH[P]HZLTILIPKHZUHT\S[PWSPJPKHKLKLJHUHPZKL
JVT\UPJHsqVQVYUHPZ[LSL]PZqVYL]PZ[HZÄSTLZYLKLZZVJPHPZ^LIZP[LZL[J,_PNLU[LJVUMYVU[VJVTV
[LTWVKVHI\ZVKVZ[L_[VZJ\Y[VZLHÄYTH[P]VZKLUV[xJPHZKLWHSH]YHZPUKL_HKHZUVNVVNSLKL
]PKHZVUSPUL[LUZHJVUÅ\vUJPHLU[YLV[LTWVKHKLJPZqVLV[LTWVKHJVUJYL[PaHsqVWH\SH[PUHKLLZJV
SOHZKLMVYTHsqVLVWsLZKLJHYYLPYH
;LTWVKLKLZHÄVLVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLUV]HZWYm[PJHZLWHYHKPNTHZU\THTHPVY
WYV_PTPKHKLLJVUÄHUsHJVTWLZZVHZX\LWYVJ\YHYqVHQ\KHKVZZLY]PsVZWISPJVZKLLTWYLNVLMVYTH
sqVUHNLZ[qVKHZZ\HZJHYYLPYHZLUHL_WSVYHsqVKVZPU]LZ[PTLU[VZKLJPZLZMVYTH[P]HZHSTLQHUKVV
acesso um emprego digno e com direitos.
5VOPH[VX\LZL]HPHSHYNHUKVLU[YLH\YNvUJPHKHVYPLU[HsqVLPUZ\Z[LU[m]LSSL]LaHKVZZL\ZZPZ[LTHZ
MVYTHPZKLZ\WVY[L\TLSLTLU[VKPZ[PU[P]VKVZZ\JLZZVZKHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS[LTZPKVHTLKPHsqV
O\THUHUVZWYVJLZZVZKLYLJVUJPSPHsqVJVTPU]LZ[PTLU[VZLK\JH[P]VZHX\PLU[LUKPKHJVTVVHWVPV
HJVUZLSOHTLU[VVYPLU[HsqVLPUMVYTHsqV7HYHSmKVZL]LU[\HPZKLZHJVYKVZJVUJLW[\HPZHZZVJPHKVZH
HSN\UZKLZ[LZJVUJLP[VZWHYLJLTLPUKPZWLUZm]LSHLZ[HIPSPaHsqVKHZTL[VKVSVNPHZKLPU[LY]LUsqVLT
VYPLU[HsqVUVZLY]PsVWISPJVKLLTWYLNVLMVYTHsqVSLNP[PTHKHZJPLU[PÄJHTLU[LZ\WVY[HKHZU\THYLKL
KLJVUOLJPTLU[VLPUV]HsqVH[YH]tZKL\TWYVJLZZVKLMVYTHsqVHWYLUKPaHNLTLZ\WLY]PZqVHWVPVKVZ
ZL\ZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ
,T7VY[\NHS6YPLU[HsqVWHYLJLLZWLYHYHPUKHHZ\HOVYH¯
7YLJPZHTLU[L H WYVW}ZP[V KV M\[\YV KH VYPLU[HsqV WYVÄZZPVUHS UV 0,-7 \T ZH\KVZV TLZ[YL L JVU
ZLSOLPYVKLVYPLU[HsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS-LYUHUKV9VJOHYLHÄYTH]HQmLT HULJLZZPKHKL\YNLU[LKV
YLJVUOLJPTLU[VKHPTWVY[oUJPHKHVYPLU[HsqVLH]HSVYPaHsqVKHPUÅ\vUJPHYLHSKHZZ\HZH[P]PKHKLZUV
ZLY]PsVW\ISPJVKLLTWYLNVLMVYTHsqV
4HZWHYHSmKLZ[LZKP[HTLZL_WYLZZH]H\THJVU]PJsqVX\LOVQLKLUV]VWHY[PSOHTVZ!
“” Da nossa parte não diremos “assim seja”: temos feito e continuaremos a fazer o que esteja ao nosso
alcance para que seja assim!”” (Rocha, 1985, p.192).
)PISPVNYHÄH
(SOV(FPA: a fábrica leccionada: aventuras dos tecnocatólicos no Ministério das Corporações.

Lisboa: Profedições,
Campos, B. P. (1976). Educação sem selecção social. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.
*HTWVZ ) 7 ( PUMVYTHsqV UH VYPLU[HsqV ]VJHJPVUHS ( VYPLU[HsqV UH MVYTHsqV WYVÄZZPVUHS!
jornadas regionais de orientação.
Castro, J. M., & Pego, A. (1999). A carreira já não é o que era... Cadernos de Consulta Psicológica

*LKLMVWRoads to recovery: three skill and labour market scenarios for 2025. O[[W!^^^JLKLMVW
L\YVWHL\UVKL
+LZJ`7 ;LZZHYPUN4Formar e aprender para gerar competências: segundo relatório sobre a
PU]LZ[PNHsqVUVKVTxUPVKHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSUH,\YVWH!:PUVWZL*LKLMVW9LMLYLU[LZ:LYPLZ
.HYJxH Márquez, G. (1998*LTHUVZKLZVSPKqV. Tradução de Margarida Santiago,+VT8\P_V[L
0THNPUmYPV 3 *HZ[YV 1 4 7ZPJVSVNPH KH MVYTHsqV WYVÄZZPVUHS L KH LK\JHsqV KL HK\S[VZ!
Passos passados, presentes e futuros Colectânea de textos. 7VY[V!3P]WZPJ
3H^) *VTT\UP[`PU[LYHJ[PVUPU[OL[OLVY`HUKWYHJ[PJLVMJHYLLYZ^VYR. Psychological interven-
tion and human development

7HYZVUZ- Choosing a vocation/V\NO[VU4PўPU
9VJOH- (6YPLU[HsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSUV0UZ[P[\VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS!X\LM\[\YV&
Cadernos de Consulta Psicológica, 1, 185-192
Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., & Van Vianen, A. E.
(2009). 3PMLKLZPNUPUN!(WHYHKPNTMVYJHYLLYJVUZ[Y\J[PVUPU[OLZ[JLU[\Y`Journal of vocational
behavior
:VZRPJL + > /HSS 7 ( Varieties of capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative
advantage6_MVYK!6_MVYK<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZ
<5,:*6 SHANGHAI CONSENSUS Recommendations of the Third International Congress on
Technical and Vocational Education and Training ‘Transforming TVET: Building skills for work and life.
<5,:*6
>VYSK,JVUVTPJ-VY\TThe Future of Jobs Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the
Fourth Industrial Revolution.LUL]H

2. DA CORRIDA PARA A HIPERESPECIALIZAÇÃO
À URGÊNCIA DOS SABERES BÁSICOS
Laura Rego-Agraso
+W[V7LKHNV_xHL+PKmJ[PJH
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Da corrida para
SH\YHYLNV'\KJNHS
a hiperespecialização
à urgência dos saberes
básicos
1. Introdución
6ZKV\Z[LYTVZX\LYLWYLZLU[HUVZLSLTLU[VZJSH]L
KV [x[\SV KLZ[L YLSH[VYPV PUK\JLU H WLUZHY LU JVUJLW[VZ
HWHYLU[LTLU[LVWVZ[VZTmPZKLUKLHHUmSPZLX\LYLHSP
aHYLTVZULZ[LZPU[t[PJV[L_[V[YH[HYLTVZKLYLWYLZLU[HSVZ
JVTV JVTWSLTLU[HYPVZ :LTLSSH ZLY WYLJPZV WVSV [HU[V
KLÄUPY V X\L LU[LUKLTVZ WVY especialización WVY \UOH
IHUKHLWVYsaberes básicosWVYV\[YH+LUKLHWLYZ
WLJ[P]HKH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKLHX\xLUKPHU[L-7H
HWYV_PTHJP}UHHTIVZLSLTLU[VZJSH]LWVKLZLYKP]LYZHL
HZ[LUKLUJPHZHJ[\HPZWVKLUSL]HYUVZH[YHUZP[HYJHTP|VZ
TmPZ]LUJLSSHKVZmWLYZWLJ[P]HKHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}ULU[LU
KPKH JVTV WYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}U :LU LTIHYNV H VIZLZP}U
WVSHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UWVKLKLP_HYKLSHKVV\[YVZJVU[PKVZ
J\YYPJ\SHYLZHS[HTLU[LYLSL]HU[LZ[HU[VWHYHVKLZLTWL|V
WYVMLZPVUHSJVTVWHYHVL_LYJPJPVKHJPKHKHUxHHJ[P]H
( JVU[PU\HJP}U [YH[HYLTVZ KL YLÅL_PVUHY HJLYJH KH
YLHSPKHKLKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSHJ[\HSUVJVU[L_[VLZWH|VS
JVU[HUKV WYL]PHTLU[L JVH KLÄUPJP}U KL HTIVZ [LYTVZ
VI_LJ[VKLHUmSPZL·ZHILYLZImZPJVZLLZWLJPHSPaHJP}U·
WHYH JHUKV TLUVZ HIYPY KLIH[L HJLYJH KH ULJLZPKHKL
KLH[LUKLYWYVWVYJPVUHSTLU[LHHTIVZHZWLJ[VZUVTHY
JVKHZLUZPUHUaHZKLJHYmJ[LYWYVMLZPVUHS5LZ[HKPZ_\U
[P]H[HTtUUVZWHYLJLHJHxKV[YHLYHKPHU[LHULJLZPKHKL
KLLU[LUKLYH-7JVTVLUZPUHUaHZWYVHJ[P]HZX\LLZ[mU
]LUJLSSHKHZ JVH YLHSPKHKL ZVJPHS L X\L UVU ZLTWYL ZVU
KLWLUKLU[LZKHTLZTHZLU}UX\L[HTtUKLILUWYVTV
]LY\UÅ\_VKLPUÅ\LUJPHIPKPYLJJPVUHS7HY[PUKVKLZ[HWYL
TPZHPUPJPHS[LU[HYLTVZHMVUKHYUHULJLZPKHKLKLPUJS\xYL
PUJPKPYUVZKLYLP[VZSHIVYHPZJVTVsaber básico L[YHUZ]LY
ZHS UHZLUZPUHUaHZWYVMLZPVUHPZVJHSZLMHPJHKH]LaTmPZ
necesario no marco das sociedades postmodernas ante
VZKLZHMxVZKVWYLZLU[L
2. Saberes básicos e especialización:

aclaración conceptual
6saberZLTLSSHZLY\UJVUJLW[VKV[HKVKLTS[PWSLZ
KLÄUPJP}UZ +LUKL H WYVWPH 9LHS (JHKLTPH .HSLNH KL
HX\x LU KPHU[L 9(. HSKLZL HV ZHILY JVTV \U
conxunto de coñecementos TLU[YLZ X\L coñecemento
]LUZLUKVKLÄUPKVÐKLTJVTV\Uconxunto de cousas
que alguén sabe dunha determinara materia ou ciencia.
*HUKV HV Z\IZ[HU[P]V saber SSL LUNHKPTVZ V HK_LJ[P]V

básicoLZ[HTVZTVKPÄJHUKVVZL\ZPNUPÄJHKVLU[LUKLUKVHNVYHX\LMHJLTVZYLMLYLUJPHH\UOHZLYPL
KLJV|LJLTLU[VZX\LZVULZLUJPHPZM\UKHTLU[HPZULJLZHYPVZV\WYVWPVZKVZUP]LPZTmPZIHP_VZ·X\L
JVUZ[P[LUHIHZL·,Z[HJHYHJ[LYPaHJP}UKVZZHILYLZJVTVbásicosYLWYLZLU[HWVSV[HU[VHX\PSVX\L
[}KHSHZWLYZVHZKLILUJV|LJLYVZ\Z[LU[VX\LWYVWVYJPVUHHIHZLKHX\LSLZJV|LJLTLU[VZX\LZLKLIL
YmUHKX\PYPYTmPZHKPHU[L:VUWVSV[HU[VJV|LJLTLU[VZKVZX\LUVUZLWVKLYxHWYLZJPUKPY
,Z[HJVUJYLJP}USt]HUVZHWLUZHY·ZLVMHJLTVZLU[LYTVZLK\JH[P]VZ·UVZM\UKHTLU[VZKVJ\
YYxJ\SVUHX\LSHZMVU[LZX\LJVUÄN\YHUVX\LVZLK\JHUKVZHZKLILUHWYLUKLYUVJVU[L_[VPUZ[P[\JPV
UHSPaHKVKHLK\JHJP}U+P[VZM\UKHTLU[VZYLWYLZLU[HU\UOHZLYPLKLPKLHPZÄSVZ}ÄJVZLWVSx[PJVZX\LZL
[YHK\JLUUVZLSLTLU[VZKVJ\YYxJ\SVtKPJPYLUVI_LJ[P]VZJVU[PKVZTt[VKVZHJ[P]PKHKLZLH]HSPHJP}U
LU[YLV\[YVZX\LVYNHUPaHULLZ[Y\[\YHU[VKVVWYVJLZVLK\JH[P]V:LN\PUKVH+LSVYZ VZWPHYLZ
M\UKHTLU[HPZKVWYVJLZVLK\JH[P]VUVZtJ\SV??0KLIxHULZ[HYHZLU[HKVZUHWVZPIPSPKHKLKLX\LVHS\T
UHKVZL_HX\LUKLaprender a coñecer, aprender a facer, aprender a vivir xuntos (a vivir cos demais) e
aprender a ser.,Z[LZNYHUKLZVI_LJ[P]VZKHLK\JHJP}U[YHZSmKHUZL[HTtUm-7KHKVX\LZLJVUZ[P[LU
WYLJPZHTLU[LUVM\UKHTLU[VLZLUJPHSKVJVUJLW[VKLcompetenciaHVYLKVYKVJHSVYIP[HVZPZ[LTHKL
-7KLUKLVW\U[VKL]PZ[H KHZHLZ[Y\[\YHJP}UZVJPVLK\JH[P]HLKHZZHZÄUHSPKHKLZ+LZ[L_LP[VWVKL
TVZ[LJLY\UOHWVU[LLU[YLVZZHILYLZLHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHW\U[HUKVZLN\UKV7LYYLUV\KX\L
UVUOHPJVTWL[LUJPHZLUZHILYLZKHKVX\LWVYKLÄUPJP}ULZ[HtX\LUTVIPSPaHVZZHILYLZU\UJVU[L_[V
YLHSKLL_LJ\JP}U
7HY[PUKVSVNVKVX\LLU[LUKLTVZWVYZHILYLZImZPJVZ·[HTtULUYLSHJP}UmLK\JHJP}U·tWVZPISL
WLUZHYLU]HYPHZWYLN\U[HZJSH]L[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}UVZPZ[LTHT\UKVLWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LHZVJPL
KHKLVJJPKLU[HSHJ[\HSJVTVTHYJVKLYLMLYLUJPH7VYL_LTWSVJHSLZZVUVZZHILYLZImZPJVZLUYLSHJP}U
JVH-7OV_LLUKxH&7HYHX\LZLY]LULZ[LZZHILYLZImZPJVZUHZVJPLKHKLHJ[\HS&8\LWHWLS_VNHUVZ
KLYLP[VZO\THUVZLSHIVYHPZUVJVU[L_[VKH-7&8\L-7UVZSL]HJHYH\UTVKLSVKVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
O\THUVLZ\Z[LU[HISL&,Z[HZJ\LZ[P}UZPU[LYY}NHUUVZHJLYJHKLJHSLZWVKLUZLYLZ[LZZHILYLZJVUZPKL
YHKVZImZPJVZ·LWVSV[HU[VM\UKHTLU[VKVJ\YYxJ\SVKH-7·LX\LPTWSPJHJP}UZ[L|LUKLJHYHHVKLZ
LU]VS]LTLU[VKHZWLYZVHZLKHZZVJPLKHKLZ7HYH[LU[HYVMYLJLYKLMVYTHUVUL_OH\Z[P]H\UOHYLZWVZ[H
HLZ[HZJ\LZ[P}UZTLYLJLHWLUHHS\KPYH\UOHZLYPLKLKH[VZX\LUVZH_\KLUHKLI\_HYHPTH_LHJ[\HS
KH ZVJPLKHKL VJJPKLU[HS LU [LYTVZ ZVJPHPZ L WVZ[LYPVYTLU[L KLÄUPY HSNUZ KVZ LSLTLU[VZ X\L WVKLU
ZLYJVUZPKLYHKVZImZPJVZUVTHYJVKHZLUZPUHUaHZKL-7(IVYKHYLTVZLUTHPVYTLKPKHLZ[LZKH[VZ
ZVJPVLJVU}TPJVZLLK\JH[P]VZUVHWHY[HKV
7VYV\[YHIHUKHtWYLJPZVHS\KPYHV[LYTVespecializaciónJVTVLSLTLU[VKLJVU[YHZ[LLZ[HISLJPKV
UV[x[\SVKLZ[LYLSH[VYPV:LN\UKVH9(.LZWLJPHSPaHYtfacer que [algo ou alguén] centre a súa
HJ[P]PKHKLU\UOHKL[LYTPUHKHmYLHV\LZWLJPHSPKHKLJVÄUKLHSJHUaHY\UTHPVYKVTPUPVLVI[LYKLSH\U
maior rendemento;VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}ULZ[HKLÄUPJP}UtWVZPISL]PUJ\SHYTVPJSHYHTLU[LJVULSH
VKLZLTWL|VSHIVYHSHWYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}UV\VL_LYJPJPVYLN\SHKVK\UVÄJPV5VTHYJVKH-7LU[tUKL
ZLX\LHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UtWVSV[HU[V\UYLX\PZP[VULJLZHYPVWHYHVI[LYHJLY[PÄJHJP}UX\LHJYLKP[LHZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZX\LWVZL\UOHWLYZVH(HUmSPZLKLWVZ[VZSHIVYHPZLHKLYP]HKHJYLHJP}UKLJ\YYxJ\SVZ
WVYJVTWL[LUJPHZ4LY[LUZ "9PHS:mUJOLaZVU\UJSHYVYLÅL_VKHHZ\UJP}UKVZWYPUJPWPVZKH
LZWLJPHSPaHJP}UUVTHYJVKH-7
:LULTIHYNVHWYVWPHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}ULHYLP]PUKPJHJP}UKHTLZTHJVUTmPZMVYaHOV_LLUKxHUVU
KLP_HUKLKLYP]HYZLKVX\LZLKV\LUKLUVTPUHYHWHY[PYKLWYPUJPWPVZKVZtJ\SV??JVTVfordismo LX\L
]L\HYLJVSSLYH[LZ[LT\|HKHWLYZWLJ[P]H[H`SVYPZ[HKV[YHIHSSVV\VYNHUPaHJP}UJPLU[xÄJH+P[HVYNHUPaHJP}U
KVZWYVJLZVZWYVK\[P]VZWYL[LUKxHVW[PTPaHYVZL\KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VTLKPHU[L\UOHHS[HZPZ[LTH[PaHJP}U
KHZ[HYLMHZHYLHSPaHYWVSVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}UV[LTWVHTHX\PUHYPHLMLYYHTLU
[HZKPZWV|PISLZLHTV[P]HJP}UKVZTLZTVZ:LN\UKV.PS9VKYxN\LaJP[LU9LNV(NYHZV
MVPJVHHWHYPJP}UKV[H`SVYPZTVJHUKVZLPU[YVK\JP\YLHSTLU[LHZ\IVYKPUHJP}UKHLK\JHJP}UmHJ[P]PKHKL
WYVK\[P]HKHKVX\LZL]HUH[YHZSHKHYVZZL\ZWYPUJPWPVZ·YLUKLTLU[VLLÄJHJPHZVIYLJHSX\LYHV\[YH
JVUZPKLYHJP}U·mVYNHUPaHJP}ULZJVSHY6T\UKVLK\JH[P]V]LZLinvadidoWVY\UOHUV]HJVYYLU[LX\L
]HPPTWYLNUHYT\S[P[\KLKLmYLHZ]PUJ\SHKHZmLK\JHJP}ULmWLKHNV_xHLZJVSHY;}THZLLUWHSHIYHZKL
.PTLUV:HJYPZ[mU WJP[LU9LNV(NYHZVV[H`SVYPZTVJVTVLZX\LTHWH[Y}UUHVYNH
UPaHJP}ULKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKVJ\YYxJ\SVLZJVSHY!H metáfora industrial presta os seus valores e o modelo
procesual axeitado aos esquemas teórico-prácticos do currículo.
7VSHZHIHUKHK\YHU[LVH\_LKVZPZ[LTHZVJPVLJVU}TPJVMVYKPZ[HKLZLU]}S]LZLHWYVK\JP}ULU
ZLYPLKLMVYTHLZ[Y\[\YHSZLN\PUKVVWYPUJPWPVKLLZ[HUKHYPaHJP}UJVTVWPHYM\UKHTLU[HS)LSS}UÍS]HYLa
:LWHYV\ZLHZxa concepción e a execución no proceso de produción;VYYLZ3}WLaL4VU[LYV:VSLY
WHV[LTWVX\Lse homoxeneizou o ritmo de traballo e evitouse que os obreiros/as puide-
ran exercer control sobre o mesmo+LZ[HTHULPYHMVPWVZPISLmaterializar o saber dos traballadores/as
J\HSPÄJHKVZL[YHUZMVYTHYVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSVU\UJVU_\U[VKL[HYLMHZWLYMLJ[HTLU[LLZWLJPÄJHKHZX\LV
obreiro/a realizaba de forma mecánica ÐKLT(V[LTWVLZ[LPUJYLTLU[VKVZYP[TVZL[LTWVZKLZ[PUHKVZ
mMHIYPJHJP}UKV\S\NHYH\UPUJYLTLU[VKVZUP]LPZKLWYVK\JP}UVX\LSL]V\H[LYX\LWYVJ\YHYUV]VZ
TLYJHKVZ WHYH JVUZ\TPY [}KVSVZ UV]VZ WYVK\[VZ _LYHKVZ UV WYVJLZV PUK\Z[YPHS 5HJL\ HZx V VIYLPYVH

JVUZ\TPKVYHKHKVX\LJVPUJYLTLU[VKVZL\WVKLYHKX\PZP[P]VMVPWVZPISLH[LUKLYmVMLY[HLUTHZHKL
UV]VZWYVK\[VZLZLY]PaVZVYPLU[HKVZLUWHY[LHLZ[LTLZTVLZ[YH[VZVJPHS
+LPN\HSTVKVZLN\PUKVHWLYZWLJ[P]HMLTPUPZ[HLUYLSHJP}UmYLWYVK\JP}UKV[YHIHSSV-LKLYPJP
WVKLTVZHÄYTHYX\LLZ[LZTVKLSVZZVJPVLJVU}TPJVZ]L|LUHPU[YVK\JPYJLY[VZLSLTLU[VZKLILULZ[HYUH
WVIVHJP}U[YHIHSSHKVYHJ\TWYPUKVHZxLU[YLV\[YHZJVUKHZÄUHSPKHKLZLZLUJPHPZKVZPZ[LTH!X\LHMVY
aHKV[YHIHSSVZLTHU[L|H·ZLYLWYVK\aH·JVWHZVKV[LTWVLX\LVstock KLWYVK\[VZMHIYPJHKVZ[L|H
KLTHUKHUVZTLYJHKVZ4LU[YLZX\LUHZVJPLKHKLKLYP]HKHKHYL]VS\JP}UPUK\Z[YPHSVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ
JHYLJxHUKLKLYLP[VZSHIVYHPZLZVJPHPZZLUKVL_WSV[HKVZLHJ[\HUKVJVTVTHUKLVIYHLZJYH]HKLUKLH
WLYZWLJ[P]HMVYKPZ[HV[YHIHSSHKVYHKLILZLY[HTtUJVUZ\TPKVYHKVZWYVWPVZWYVK\[VZX\LMHIYPJHLWVSV
[HU[V[LUHJJLZVHVZILUZImZPJVZX\LSSLWLYTP[LU·_\U[VJVHÄN\YHKHHTHKLJHZH[YHKPJPVUHS·
YLWYVK\JPYHZHMVYaHKV[YHIHSSVKxH[YHZKxH-LKLYPJP:LN\LHZxWVSV[HU[VZLUKV[PSWHYHVJHWP[HS
LVI[LUKVHKLTHPZ\UYLJV|LJLTLU[VTHPVYWVSHZHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UUVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSV
6ZJHTP|VZKHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UOV_LLUKxH]LUZLHMLJ[HKVZWVSHJYPZLKVMVYKPZTVKVZHUVZLV
UHJLTLU[V KV X\L ZL JV|LJL JVTV postfordismo, \UOH HKHW[HJP}U KV ZPZ[LTH JHWP[HSPZ[H ]PUJ\SHKH m
PU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}UKHWYVK\JP}ULHV\ZVTHZP]VKLLTWYLNVWYLJHYPVUHWLYPMLYPH;H\ZZ7HY
[PUKVKLZ[LJVU[L_[VYL[VYUHUJVUMVYaHJLY[VZWYLJLW[VZ]LUJLSSHKVZH\UOHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UTHPVYUV
JVU[L_[VKHLK\JHJP}ULHMVYTHJP}UHV[LTWVX\LHZLTWYLZHZKLTHUKHUTmPZJV|LJLTLU[VKVJVU
[L_[VSHIVYHSL\UOHHKHW[HJP}UJHKH]LaTmPZOLYTt[PJHKV[YHIHSSHKVYHmLTWYLZHJLU[YHKHUHZZHZ
HJ[P[\KLZKPZWVZPJP}UZWLYZVHPZLJHWHJPKHKLZ6*+,-YVP[VKLZ[HULJLZPKHKLWVYHJOLNHYTmPZ
HMVYTHJP}UHVTLYJHKVtHJYLHJP}UKVZJ\YYxJ\SVZWVYJVTWL[LUJPHZJVTV_HZPUHSHTVZTHPZ[HTtU
HL_WVY[HJP}U·LZWLJPHSTLU[LUVZJVU[L_[VZKVZ\YKL,\YVWH·KLTVKHSPKHKLZKL-7TmPZPU[LUZP]HZ
V\X\LPUJSLU\UTHPVY[LTWVKLZ[PUHKVHVL_LYJPJPVKLWYmJ[PJHZWYLWYVMLZPVUHPZUHLTWYLZHJVTV
WVKLZLYH-7K\HS
3. O emprego na sociedade da modernidade líquida
;HSJVTVLZ[HISLJLTVZUV\[YHVJHZP}U9LNV(NYHZVL9PHS:mUJOLaHWHY[PYKL4,*+
VKHWVIVHJP}ULU,ZWH|HJHYLJLK\UOH[P[\SHJP}UKLJHYmJ[LYWYVMLZPVUHSPaHU[L·]PUJ\SHKHJVH
-7V\KL[PWV\UP]LYZP[HYPV·+VTLZTV_LP[VKVZJVU[YH[VZ[V[HPZLMLJ[\HKVZLU,ZWH|HUVZ}\U
ZLSSLH[YPILUHWLYZVHZX\LJ\YZHYVU\UJPJSVMVYTH[P]VÐKLTVX\LUVZSL]HHWLUZHYX\LL_PZ[L
\UOHLSL]HKH[H_HKLJVU[YH[HJP}UYLHSPaHKHHWLYZVHZZLUJ\HSPÄJHJP}U+LPN\HSTVKVKVZKH[VZMHJPSP
[HKVZWVSV05,L_[YmLZLX\LH[H_HKLHIHUKVUV[LTWLYmKVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VLU,ZWH|Ht\UOH
KHZTmPZHS[HZKH<UP}U,\YVWLH[HU[VLUOVTLZJVTVLUT\SSLYLZZLUKVZ}Z\WLYHKVZ
WVY4HS[HLHMHZ[mUKVUVZKHTLKPHL\YVWLHX\LZLZP[HUVL YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L,Z[HYLH
SPKHKLt\UOHTVZ[YHKHZJHYLUJPHZHUP]LSKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UKHWVIVHJP}ULZWH|VSHLU_LYHSLKHMHS[HKL
[YHKPJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLUTVP[VZZLJ[VYLZSHIVYHPZJVTVWVYL_LTWSVHJVUZ[Y\JP}UV\HOVZ[HSHYxH+LMLP[V
HWVYJLU[H_LKHWVIVHJP}ULU,ZWH|HLU[YLLHUVZX\L[LUHJHKHKVHZLN\UKHL[HWHKHLK\JH
JP}UZLJ\UKHYPHLV\LK\JHJP}UWVZ[ZLJ\UKHYPHUVUZ\WLYPVYtKVZLN\UKVLZ[HISLJLV*,+,-67
TLU[YLZX\LHTLKPHKH<,ZLZP[HULZLHUVUV *VTVJVU[YHZ[LLUWYPUJPWPVWVZP[P]VJHIL
ZPUHSHYX\LHWVYJLU[H_LKLWLYZVHZJ\UOH[P[\SHJP}UKLLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYLU,ZWH|HHJVYKLJVHMVU[L
*,+,-67tKV TLU[YLZX\LHTLKPHKH<,ZLZP[HWVYKLIHP_V
7VYV\[YHIHUKHTLZHTLZHZLUX\PZHZKV05,KLZ[HJHUX\LKH[V[HSPKHKLKVZUV]VZJVU[YH[VZ
YLHSPaHKVZHTHPVYWHY[LZVU[LTWVYHPZ!WVYL_LTWSVKVZUV]VZJVU[YH[VZYLHSPaHKVZLUKLJLTIYVKV
V MVYVU[LTWVYHPZZ}V PUKLÄUPKVZL\U MVYVUJVU[YH[VZH[LTWVWHYJPHS05,
(KLTHPZVZZHSHYPVZZVUIHP_VZLU,ZWH|HLUYLSHJP}UJVH<,LH[H_HKLKLZLTWYLNVtLSL]HKH
[HTtULUJVTWHYHJP}UJVHTLZTH,Z[LZPUKPJHKVYLZTLUJPVUHKVZJVU[YPILUHX\L[HSJVTVLZ[HISLJL
V05,VKHWVIVHJP}ULZWH|VSHLZ[LHJVUZPKLYHKHLUYPZJVKLWVIYLaH
(L_PZ[LUJPHK\UOHZHS[HZ[H_HZKLsubemprego·WLYZVHZX\L[YHIHSSHUWV\JHZOVYHZLZLULTIHYNV
KLTHUKHYxHU[YHIHSSHYTmPZ·LZVIYLJ\HSPÄJHJP}U·WLYZVHZX\L[YHIHSSHUU\UUP]LSKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UPUMLYPVY
HVX\L[L|LUJLY[PÄJHKV·KHUIVHJVU[HKHZ\JLZP]HWYLJHYPaHJP}U:[HUKPUNX\L]LUWHKLJLUKV
VTLYJHKVSHIVYHSLZWH|VSUVZKLYYHKLPYVZHUVZ0Z[VPTWSPJHX\LVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VLZ[mMVYTHUKVWYV
MLZPVUHPZX\LHU[LHH\ZLUJPHKLKLTHUKHPU[LYUHZVUYLX\PYPKVZUV\[YVZWHxZLZ·KLU[YVLM}YHKH<,·
WVSVX\L,ZWH|HL_WVY[HHZHMVYaHKV[YHIHSSVJ\HSPÄJHKHH[LYJLPYVZWHxZLZ;VKHZLZ[HZZP[\HJP}UZKL
I\_HU\UOHYLHSPKHKLJVTWSL_HWHYHH-7HJHSZLTLSSHLUTHYJHYZLUHKLUVTPUHKHWVY)H\THU
como modernidade líquida.<UOHYLHSPKHKLUHZH]LY[LU[LZVJPVSHIVYHSLMtTLYHL]VSm[PSX\LYLTH[HJVZ
LSLTLU[VZX\LUVWHZHKVWYVWVYJPVUHIHUZLN\YPKHKLHVJVU_\U[VKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ!VLTWYLNVH
ZLN\YPKHKLZVJPHSV\VHJJLZVH\UUP]LSKL]PKHKPNUVKLMVYTHLZ[HISL;HSJVTVZPUHSH)H\THUJP[LU
)HYYHUJVfai non moito o precariado era a condición de persoas sen fogar [...]. Agora marca a natu-
reza da vida de xente que fai 50 anos estaba ben instalada […]. Todos poden perder os logros conseguidos
durante a súa vida sen previo aviso.

(U[LLZ[HZP[\HJP}UUVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSJHILKL[LYZLLUHUHSPaHYTmPZWVSVTPKVVZWYVJLZVZKL
PUZLYJP}USHIVYHSWVPZHMLJ[HUKPYLJ[HTLU[LHVJ\YYxJ\SVKH-7LmKPZ_\U[P]HYLZWLJ[VKHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UL
VZZHILYLZImZPJVZ7VKLTVZWYLN\U[HYUVZX\LKLTHUKHUHZLTWYLZHZmOVYHKLPUPJPHYUV]VZWYVJLZVZ
JVU[YHJ[\HPZtKPJPYX\L]HSVYHULUTHPVYTLKPKHUVZM\[\YVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ:LN\UKV)HZZP)\ZZV
<YaHL=HYNHZVZHZWLJ[VZZVJPVLTVJPVUHPZZVUVZX\L[L|LU\UOHTHPVYYLSL]HUJPHWHYHHZLSLJ
JP}UKVWLYZVHSV\HZxVPUKPJHUHZWYVWPHZLTWYLZHZUVJVU[L_[VSH[PUVHTLYPJHUV+LPN\HSTVKV_HUV
JVU[L_[VLZWH|VS:HU[HUH=LNH.VUamSLa4VYHSLZL-LSPJPHUV.HYJxHYLHSPaHYVU\UOHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U
ZVIYLHWLYJLWJP}UKVLTWYLZHYPHKVZVIYLHZJVTWL[LUJPHZLJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZYLSL]HU[LZWHYHVLTWYLNV
VI[LUKVLU[YLV\[YHZJVUJS\ZP}UZJVTVHZX\LZLN\LU!
(ZHJ[P[\KLZKV[YHIHSSHKVYHZVUTmPZPTWVY[HU[LZX\LHWYVWPHMVYTHJP}UHxUKHX\LLZ[HZ\W}U
\U]HSVYLUNHKPKV
(YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLtHHJ[P[\KLTmPZ]HSVYHKHZLN\PKHKHIVHKPZWVZPJP}UJHYHV[YHIHSSV
;HTtUZL]HSVYHHPUPJPH[P]HHHKHW[HIPSPKHKLV\V[YHIHSSVLULX\PWV
6\[YHZPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZ7PULKH/LYYLYVL[HSKLZ[HJHU[HTtUHPUÅ\LUJPHKV\[YHZ]HYPHISLZUH
PUZLYJP}USHIVYHSULZ[LJHZVKL[P[\SHKVZHZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZJVTVWVKLUZLYVZJV|LJLTLU[VZWYmJ[PJVZV\
HX\LSLZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVHPUMVYTm[PJHLHZUV]HZ[LJUVSV_xHZ+L[}KVSVZ_LP[VZULZ[HTLZTHPU]LZ[PNH
JP}U[HTtUZLZPUHSHUJVTV]HYPHISLZYLSL]HU[LZWHYHVZLTWYLZHYPVZHZ!HWLYZVUHSPKHKLLHZOHIPSPKHKLZ
ZVJPHPZ"HJHWHJPKHKLKL_LZ[P}ULWSHUPÄJHJP}U"HJHWHJPKHKLKL[YHIHSSVLUNY\WVV\HMVYTHJP}UNSVIHS
UH\UP]LYZPKHKL
;HSJVTVWVKLTVZHWYLJPHYHZLTWYLZHZZPUHSHUX\LHZKPMLYLUaHZUHJVU[YH[HJP}UV\UHZH[PZMHJJP}U
JVZLTWYLNHKVZHZKLWLUKLUKLLSLTLU[VZX\LLZ[mUTmPZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVHJ[P[\KPUHSLU_LYHSX\LJVH
LZWLJPHSPaHJP}UV\VKLZLTWL|VWYVMLZPVUHSJVUJYL[V,Z[HYLHSPKHKLWVKLLZ[HYJVUKPJPVUHKHWVY\UOH
IHUKHWVSHLSL]HKH[H_HKLKLZLTWYLNVLWVYV\[YHWVSHLZJHZH]HSVYHJP}UYLHSX\LZLSSLV\[VYNHmJ\H
SPÄJHJP}U[HU[VLU[YLLTWYLZHYPVZHZJVTVLU[YL[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZLZWLJPHSTLU[LUVZWVZ[VZKL[YHIHSSV
HZVJPHKVZHUP]LPZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UTmPZIHP_VZ5\UOHZP[\HJP}UKLHS[HKLTHUKHKLLTWYLNVVJHWP[HS
WVKLL_LYJLYJLY[VJVU[YVSZVIYLHZJVUKPJP}UZSHIVYHPZHV[LTWVX\LWVKLLSP_PYLU[YL\UHTWSVHIHUVKL
WYVMLZPVUHPZKPZWV|PISLZVX\LWVKLPTWSPJHYX\LZL_HUMHJ[VYLZJVTVHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLV\HHJ[P[\KL
JHYHV[YHIHSSVVZX\LTHYX\LUHKPMLYLUaHUHJVU[YH[HJP}U
6ZKLYLP[VZSHIVYHPZUVTHYJVKH-7!¦<UZHILYImZPJV&
5VJVU[L_[VX\LHJHIHTVZKLKLZJYPIPYL[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}UHZKLYYHKLPYHZ[LUKLUJPHZLU
TH[LYPHKLLTWYLNVJHILHUHSPaHYJVTVtWVZPISLHZ\TPYKP[HYLHSPKHKLUVTHYJVKHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPV
UHSPaHKVYHLJVTVLZ[HZLUZPUHUaHZKLILULUMYVU[HYZLmTLZTH(U[LHYLHSPKHKLKLX\LHHZWPYHJP}U
KLH[VWHY\ULTWYLNVX\LL_LYJLYHVSVUNVKL[VKHH]PKHt\UOHL_WLJ[H[P]HX\LZLTLSSHLZM\THYZL
UVOVYPaVU[LKVTLKPVWYHaVÍS]HYLa9VQVL[HSH-7KLILJVU]LY[LYZLU\ULZWHaVLK\JH[P]VKL
LZWLJPHSPaHJP}USHIVYHSWLYV[HTtUU\UOHJVU[VYUHJYx[PJHX\LJ\LZ[PVULVZM\UKHTLU[VZKHZVJPLKHKL
HJ[\HS9VKYxN\La-LYUmUKLa9LNV(NYHZVL4HZLTHUU
(MVYTHJP}UWHYHV[YHIHSSVUVWVKLKPZVJPHYZLKVZKLYLP[VZKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZKHKVX\LPZV_\Z[PÄ
JHPUJS\ZVHZHYHa}UKLZLYJVTVL[HWHLK\JH[P]HÄUHUJPHKHWVSVZLZ[HTLU[VZWISPJVZLHZVJPHKHHV
L_LYJPJPVYLT\ULYHKVK\UOHWYVMLZP}U6ZKLYLP[VZO\THUVZLH_\Z[PaHZVJPHSKLILYxHUZLYVM\UKHTLU[V
KHYLSHJP}UJVU[YHJ[\HSLZ[HISLJPKHUVZKLUVTPUHKVZ,Z[HKVZKLKLYLP[VLU[YLHJPKHKHUxHLVWVKLY·
TLKPm[PJVWVSx[PJVVLJVU}TPJV·7VYLZHYHa}UHWYLUKLYHSLYVT\UKVHJ[\HSLUJSH]LKLKLYLP[VZ
O\THUVZ L SHIVYHPZ ZLTLSSH JHKH ]La TmPZ \Y_LU[L LZWLJPHSTLU[L LU ]PZ[HZ KHZ JHYLUJPHZ KL[LJ[HKHZ
JHUKV ZL HUHSPaH V TLYJHKV SHIVYHS L HZ YLSHJP}UZ JVU[YHJ[\HPZ LTWYLNHKVYHLTWYLNHKVH [HS JVTV
remarcamos no apartado anterior.
,Z[HZP[\HJP}UMHPX\LVZKLYLP[VZSHIVYHPZLO\THUVZWVPKHUZLYJVUZPKLYHKVZ\UJVU[PKVJ\YYPJ\SHY
JHKH]LaTmPZULJLZHYPVLWVSV[HU[VHZVJPHKVH\Usaber básicoKLU[YVKVTHYJVKH-7UVUJVTV\U
T}K\SVLZWLJxÄJVZLU}UJVTV\ULSLTLU[VX\LKLILYLWYVK\JPYZLKLMVYTH[YHUZ]LYZHSHVSVUNVKL[VKV
VJ\YYxJ\SVMVYTH[P]V(-7UHZHJHYHJ[LYPaHJP}UOHIPSP[HKVYHWHYHVL_LYJPJPVWYVMLZPVUHSPUTLKPH[V[LU
ZPKVKLZWV_HKHH[HVKLHNVYHKHKPTLUZP}UO\THUPZ[HX\L[VKVWYVJLZVLK\JH[P]V[YHLJVUZPNV9VKYx
N\La-LYUmUKLa9LNV(NYHZVL4HZLTHUUHWLZHYKLX\LLZ[HZLLYP_LJVTV\UJVTWYVTPZV
PUULNVJPHISLLZWLJPHSTLU[LUVJVU[L_[VHJ[\HS
:LULTIHYNVH-7·LZWLJPHSTLU[LHX\LSHÄUHUJPHKHWVSVZMVUKVZWISPJVZ·KLILH[LUKLYmWLYZ
WLJ[P]HZVJPHSJVTWYLUKLYHYLHSPKHKLKVT\UKVKVLTWYLNVLHJ[\HYLUJVUZLJ\LUJPHWHYHMH]VYLJLY
VVI_LJ[P]VKHPUZLYJP}U[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}UH]VU[HKLKLLK\JHY[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZLZWLJPHSPaHKVZ
WLYV [HTtU JVUZJPLU[LZ L JYx[PJVZ 7VKLTVZ WYLN\U[HYUVZ WVPZ ZL [LU ULJLZPKHKL V [YHIHSSHKVYH KL
MVYTHYZLTmPZHSmKHZHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}U[tJUPJHZL[LUTLKPVZWHYHHJJLKLYá cultura e ao académico
V\ZLtYLSL]HU[LLULJLZHYPVX\LHZxVMHNH&

7HYHYLZWVUKLYHLZ[HZJ\LZ[P}UZX\PaHPZtWYLJPZV]VS]LYH]PZ[HH[YmZUV[LTWVLKL[LYUVZUHHUmSPZL
K\UOHKHZLU[PKHKLZX\LYLWYLZLU[HH]VU[HKLKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZWVYHJJLKLYmJ\S[\YHLHVZTLKPVZ
LK\JH[P]VZULJLZHYPVZWHYHJVU]LY[LYZLLUJPKHKmUZKLWSLUVKLYLP[V;Ym[HZLKVZH[LULVZVIYLPYVZVYNH
UPZTVZX\LJVTLaHUH_\YKPYHTLKPHKVZKVZtJ\SV?0?JVTVPUZ[P[\JP}UZX\LWYVTV]LUHMVYTHJP}UKH
JSHZL[YHIHSSHKVYH4VUtZP7\QVS)\ZX\L[ZLVHJJLZVKHTLZTHHVJVUZPKLYHKVsaber moderno.
5LZ[HZLU[PKHKLZPTWHY[xHZLLUZPUHUaHKPYUHLUVJ[\YUHZLUKVHWYPTLPYHKLSHZVYPLU[HKHHVZÄSSVZHZ
KHX\LSLZVIYLPYVZHZX\LW\PKLYHUWHNHY\UOHT}KPJHJV[HLHZLN\UKHKPYP_PKHHVZTVaVZHZLHK\S[VZ
[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ+LZ[L_LP[Vmoitos BH[LULVZD teñen unha clientela de socios de clase media e outros, en
JHTIPV·HTHPVYxH·WLY[LUJLUHJH[LNVYxHZKLWVIVHJP}UJSHZPÄJHKHJVTVHY[LZmUZL_VYUHSLPYVZ:VSm
JP[LU4VUtZP7\QVS)\ZX\L[ZW
,YHKLZ[L_LP[VJVTVLZ[LZH[LULVZVIYLPYVZKVZZtJ\SVZ?0?L??[YH[HIHUKLWYVTV]LYVHJJLZVm
J\S[\YHLmLK\JHJP}ULU[YLHJSHZL[YHIHSSHKVYHKV[mUKVVZHZxKLMLYYHTLU[HZLZWLJxÄJHZWHYHHHJJP}U
JVSLJ[P]HHWYVSKH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UZVJPHS,Z[HZVYNHUPaHJP}UZKLZLU]VS]LYVUWVPZ\UOHSHIVYM\UKHTLU[HS
UV[YHUZJ\YZVJHYH\UOHZVJPLKHKLTmPZLX\P[H[P]HUVUZLU[HTtUWV|LYLU]HSVYHLK\JHJP}ULHMVYTH
JP}UImZPJHJVTVLSLTLU[VJSH]L+V\[YHIHUKHVWYVWPVVIYLPYVHMHJxH\ULZMVYaVPUKP]PK\HSLJVSLJ[P]V
WVYMVYTHYZLJ\S[\YHSWVSx[PJHLZVJPHSTLU[LWVPZLU[LUKxHX\LKP[VZJV|LJLTLU[VZLOHIPSPKHKLZSSLLYHU
KL\[PSPKHKLWHYHJVTWYLUKLYVT\UKVX\LVYVKLHIHLWVKLYPUJPKPYUVTLZTV
:L]VS]LTVZmZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSLZHS]HUKVHZKPZ[HUJPHZZLTLSSHWYLJPZVYLJ\WLYHYVLZWxYP[VKLZ[HZ
VYNHUPaHJP}UZVIYLPYHZVUKLHJPKHKHUxH]HSVYHIHVHJJLZVHVJV|LJLTLU[VImZPJVmZOHIPSPKHKLZWYV
MLZPVUHSPaHKVYHZL[HTtUmZHMVYTHJP}UWVSx[PJVJ\S[\YHS,SLTLU[VZLZLUJPHPZX\LOV_LLUKxHZLTLSSHU
]LYZL LZX\LJPKVZ L KLZ]PY[\HKVZ WVSH LMtTLYH WVZ[TVKLYUPKHKL IHZLHKH UH HWSPJHJP}U KL HSNVYP[TVZ
X\L[LU[HUPUÅ\xYUHJVUK\J[HKLJVUZ\TVHV[LTWVX\LH[LUKLU[LWYLJHYPaHJP}UKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHS
:[HUKPUNUVZSL]HJHYH\UOHZVJPLKHKLJHKH]LaTmPZKLZPN\HS(U[LLZ[HYLHSPKHKLHMVYTHJP}U
WHYHV[YHIHSSVUVUWVKLZLY\UHSPJLYJLTmPZKHKLZPN\HSKHKLUPU[HTWV\JV\UH_LU[LT\KVV\PUJHWHa
(MVYTHJP}UWHYHV[YHIHSSVUVJVU[L_[VKLTVJYm[PJVKLKLYLP[VKLILHWVZ[HYKLJPKPKHTLU[LWVSHJHSPKHKL
UHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UWLYV[HTtUWVSHLK\JHJP}UJx]PJHLZVJPHSJVUTHPZJ\SHZH[LUKLUKVmZYLHSPKHKLZ
SHIVYHPZWVSHZX\L[YHUZP[H_HVHS\TUHKVLMH]VYLJLUKVVH\[VJV|LJLTLU[VLHSLJ[\YHJYP[PJHKVT\UKV
5. A modo de síntese
6ZWYVJLZVZLK\JH[P]VZLWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LH-7YLWYLZLU[HU[YHUZPJP}UZUHZ]PKHZKVHS\TUHKV]P
]LUJPHZHJHKtTPJHZLWYVMLZPVUHPZX\LVZOHIPSP[HUHVZL\YLTH[LWHYHL_LYJLY\UOHWYVMLZP}UYLJV|LJPKH
LYLT\ULYHKHiWVYPZVX\LHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHStULJLZHYPHLWLY[PULU[LTHPZLZ[HZLUZPUHUaHZ
[HTtUSL]HUHVHS\TUHKVJHYHHJVUZ[Y\JP}UKVZL\WYVWPVWYV_LJ[V]P[HSTV[P]VWVSVJHStWYLJPZVPUJS\xY
J\LZ[P}UZUVJ\YYxJ\SVX\LZVULSLTLU[HPZWHYHYLHSPaHY\UOHSLJ[\YHKHZYLSHJP}UZWVSx[PJVJ\S[\YHPZLZV
JPHPZX\LJVUKPJPVUHUHZ]PKHZKHZWLYZVHZOV_LLUKxH
7HY[PUKVKLZ[HIHZLHUVZHWYVWVZ[HWHZHWVYYLJ\WLYHYHLZX\LJPKHKPTLUZP}UO\THUPZ[HKHLK\
JHJP}UTHPZZLULS\KPYV[tJUPJVV\WYVJLKPTLU[HSH[YH]tZKHWYmJ[PJHWYVMLZPVUHS9VKYxN\La-LYUmUKLa
9LNV(NYHZVL4HZLTHUUHZxJVTVKLZL|HYKLZLU]VS]LYLH]HSPHYWYVJLZVZLK\JH[P]VZJVVI_LJ
[P]VKLX\LHZWLYZVHZVI[L|HU\UOHJ\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSX\LSSLZMHJPSP[LVWVY[\UPKHKLZYLHPZKLPUZLY
JP}USHIVYHS:LULTIHYNVWHYHPZV[HTtUZLTLSSHWYLJPZVPUJPKPYUHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZHJ[\HPZKVTLYJHKV
SHIVYHSUVZL\M\UJPVUHTLU[VLWHY[PJ\SHYPKHKLZ[LYYP[VYPHPZWVPZtWYLJPZVX\LVHS\TUHKVZL_HJVUZ
JPLU[LKHYLHSPKHKLUHX\L]P]LWHYHWVKLYWHY[PJPWHYHJ[P]HTLU[LKHTLZTH;HSJVTV]PTVZKLMLUKLUKV
ZLTLSSHJHKH]LaTmPZULJLZHYPVVMYLJLYmWLYZVHMLYYHTLU[HZWHYHX\LZLLK\X\LUVJV|LJLTLU[VKV
T\UKVX\LVYVKLHLKVX\LMVYTHWHY[LUVWLUZHTLU[VJYx[PJVLUHWHY[PJPWHJP}UHJ[P]HUHZVJPLKHKL
<UOHWYVWVZ[HKLHJJP}UWHZHWVPZWVSHPU[YVK\JP}UKLWYVJLZVZKPKmJ[PJVZJVU[PKVZLTL[VKVSV_xHZ
KLLUZPUVHWYLUKPaH_LX\LHUHSPJLULWV|HULUJ\LZ[P}UVstatus quoHJ[\HS"X\LYL]LSLULJVUKLULUH
Z\JLZP]HWYLJHYPaHJP}UKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSHZxJVTVHL_PZ[LUJPHKLKLZPN\HSKHKLZWVYYHa}UZKL_tULYV
JSHZLZVJPHSKP]LYZPKHKLM\UJPVUHSV\WHY[PJ\SHYPKHKLZ]P[HPZKLKP]LYZHVYKLLX\LWYVTV]HUVPU[LYLZL
WVSHWVSx[PJHLUZLU[PKVHTWSVHYLZWVUZHIPSPaHJP}ULHWHY[PJPWHJP}UJVTVLSLTLU[VZJSH]LWHYHH[YHUZ
MVYTHJP}UZVJPHS
,UZ\THVWHWLSKH-7UVZPZ[LTHYLZWVUKLmWVZ[HLUTHYJOHKLWYVJLZVZLK\JH[P]VZJVVI_LJ[V
KLJ\HSPÄJHYWYVMLZPVUHSTLU[LmZWLYZVHZWHYHLUS[PTHPUZ[HUJPHMH]VYLJLYHZHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS:LU
LTIHYNVKP[HPUZLYJP}UKLILYxHZLYZH[PZMHJ[VYPHKLUKLVW\U[VKL]PZ[HKHZZHZJPYJ\UZ[HUJPHZ]P[HPZL
_\Z[HLUIHZLmJVUJLWJP}UKVLTWYLNVKLJLU[L:VTH]xHTV[P]VWVSVJHSHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UKLIL
JLKLYLZWHaVHVZZHILYLZImZPJVZ]LUJLSSHKVZJVZKLYLP[VZO\THUVZLSHIVYHPZJVHJ\S[\YHKHWHY[PJPWH
JP}UWVSx[PJHLJVHLX\PKHKL

ÍS]HYLa9VQV=.HYJxH.}TLa4:.PS-SVYLZ1L9VTLYV9VKYxN\La:5LJLZPKHKLZKLPUMVY
THJP}U`VYPLU[HJP}UKLSHS\TUHKVKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLUSHJVT\UPKHKH\[}UVTHKL(UKHS\JxH
Bordón5¢=VS
)HZZP4)\ZZV4<YaH:L=HYNHZ1Desconectados. Habilidades, educación y empleo en
América Latina. >HZOPUN[VU+*!)0+
)H\THUALiquid modernity*HTIYPKNL!7VSP[`
)HYYHUJV 1 7LYV ¦X\t LZ SH TVKLYUPKHK SxX\PKH& 3HZ PKLHZ KL A`NT\U[ )H\THU L_
WSPJHKHZ JVU Z\Z WYVWPHZ WHSHIYHZ La Vanguardia 9LJ\WLYHKV KL! O[[W!^^^SH]HUN\HYKPHJVT
J\S[\YH TVKLYUPKHKSPX\PKHa`NT\U[IH\THUO[TS
)LSS}U ÍS]HYLa 3( ¦+LS MVYKPZTV H SH HJ\T\SHJP}U ÅL_PISL& Mercados y Negocios: Revista de
Investigación y Análisis5¢
*LU[YV,\YVWLVWHYHV+LZLU]VS]LTLU[VKH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS*,+,-67España. Una Mira-
da a la Formación Profesional;OLZZHSVUPRP!6ÄJPUHKLW\ISPJHJP}UZ*,+,-67
+LSVYZ 1 La educación encierra un tesoro. Informe a la UNESCO de la Comisión internacional
sobre la educación para el siglo XXI4HKYPK,ZWH|H!:HU[PSSHUH<5,:*6
-LKLYPJP:El patriarcado del salario. Críticas feministas al marxismo4HKYPK!;YHÄJHU[LZKLZ\L|VZ
0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[HKxZ[PJH05,Boletín mensual de estadística+PJPLTIYL9LJ\WLYHKVKL!
O[[W!^^^PULLZQH_P;HISHO[T&WH[O$[WHS ÄSL$W_ 3$
0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[HKxZ[PJH05,Abandono temprano de la educación-formación de personas
de 18 a 24 años. España y UE-289LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!^^^PULLZZZ:H[LSSP[L&3$LZF,: J$05,
:LJJPVUF* JPK$ W$ WHNLUHTL$7YVK\J[VZ@:LY]PJPVZ-7@:3H
`V\[ WHYHT$7@:+L[HSSL WHYHT$
4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U*\S[\YHL+LWVY[L4,*+Informe de inserción en el mercado laboral de
titulados de FP del sistema educativo4HKYPK!4,*+
4LY[LUZ 3 Competencia laboral: sistemas, surgimiento y modelos 4VU[L]PKLV! 6YNHUPaHJP}U
0U[LYUHJPVUHSKLS;YHIHQV*PU[LYMVY60;
4VUtZP7\QVS)\ZX\L[Z13VZH[LULVZVIYLYVZ`SHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLU*H[HS\|HCEE Parti-
cipación EducativaUTLYVL_[YHVYKPUHYPV
6*+,Perspectivas del empleo 20114HKYPK!4PUPZ[LYPVKL,TWSLV`:LN\YPKHK:VJPHS
7LYYLUV\K7O*VUZ[Y\xYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ¦LZKHYSLSHLZWHSKHHSVZZHILYLZ&Red U. Revista de
+VJLUJPH<UP]LYZP[HYPHUTLYVTVUVNYmÄJV0¸-VYTHJP}UJLU[YHKHLUJVTWL[LUJPHZ00¹,UO[[W!
^^^YLK\TLZ9LKF<T
7PULKH/LYYLYVL[HS-HJ[VYLZX\LPU[LY]PLULULUSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSKLSVZ[P[\SHKVZLU,K\JHJP}U
LU[PLTWVZKLJYPZPZ!\ULZ[\KPVZVIYL*H[HS\|HRevista de Educación(IYPS1\UPV
9PHS:mUJOLa(-,SWYLZLU[LLUSHMVYTHJP}UWHYHLS¸[YHIHQV¹!SHZYmWPKHZT\[HJPVULZLUSHZL_P
NLUJPHZKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UEducar5¢,_[YH,_LTWSHYKLKPJHKVH!(KHSILY[V-LYYmUKLaLSZPNUPÄJHKV
KLZ\VIYH
9LHS(JHKLTPH.HSLNH9(.Saber9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[WZ!HJHKLTPHNHSKPJPVUHYPV[LYTVI\Z
JHZHILY
9LNV(NYHZV3A ordenación da Formación Profesional Inicial e a súa vinculación co desenvolve-
mento socioeconómico dos territorios comarcais galegos;LZLKV\[VYHSPUtKP[H:HU[PHNVKL*VT
WVZ[LSH!<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
9LNV(NYHZV3L9PHS:mUJOLa(¦7VYX\tLSLNPYMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS&,_WLJ[H[P]HZKLSHS\T
UHKVZVIYLLSLTWSLV`SHMVYTHJP}URevista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía REOP=VS
5¢¢*\H[YPTLZ[YL¶
9VKYxN\La -LYUmUKLa 9LNV(NYHZV L 4HZLTHUU 3H -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS HU[L SVZ KLYLJOVZ
O\THUVZ!J\HSPÄJHJPVULZHZVJPHKHZHSH,K\JHJP}U:VJPHSLU,ZWH|H`(SLTHUPHRevista interuni-
versitaria de formación del profesorado, 5¢ ,_LTWSHYKLKPJHKVH!7YVMLZVYLZ`LK\JHKVYLZLULS
X\LOHJLYJVTUKLSHLK\JHJP}U

:HU[HUH=LNH3,.VUamSLa4VYHSLZ6L-LSPJPHUV.HYJxH3(7LYJLWJP}UKLSLTWYLZHYPHKV
KLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ`JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZYLSL]HU[LZWHYHLSLTWSLVRevista Española de Orientación y
Psicopedagogía9,67 ¶
:VTH]xH1El trabajo decente. Una lucha por la dignidad humana:HU[PHNVKL*OPSL!6YNHUPaHJP}U
0U[LYUHJPVUHSKLS;YHIHQV60;
:[HUKPUN.The precariat. The new dangerous class3VUKVU!)SVVTZI\Y`(JHKLTPJ
;H\ZZ(*VU[L_[\HSPaPUN[OL*\YYLU[*YPZPZ!7VZ[MVYKPZT5LVSPILYHS9LZ[Y\J[\YPUNHUK-PUHUJPHSP
aH[PVUColombia Internacional5¢,_LTWSHYHKPJHKVH!3HZYLSHJPVULZPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZLU[PLTWVZ
KLJYPZPZ
;VYYLZ3}WLa1L4VU[LYV:VSLY( ¦+LSMVYKPZTVHS[V`V[PZTV&Cuadernos de Ciencias Económi-
cas y Empresariales5¢ 9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!J\HKLYUVZ\THLZWKMZWKM WKM

Olívia Santos Silva,
0U]LZ[PNHKVYH

José Pedro Amorim,
0U]LZ[PNHKVYKV*00,-HJ\SKHKL
KL7ZPJVSVNPHLKL*PvUJPHZ
Da corrida para
KH,K\JHsqVKH<UP]LYZPKHKL
do Porto a hiperespecialização
à urgência dos saberes
básicos
i Q\Z[V HIYPY LZ[L [L_[V JVT WHSH]YHZ ]P]HZ KL MLSPJP

[HsqVKPYPNPKHZnVYNHUPaHsqVKLZ[L*VUNYLZZVX\LUVZ
S[PTVZ]PU[LHUVZ[LTJVU[YPI\xKVWHYHTHU[LYLZ[YLP[HH
HSPHUsH LU[YL V 5VY[L KL 7VY[\NHS L H .HSPaH ;LUOV [PKV
V WYP]PStNPV KL WHY[PJPWHY LT HSN\UZ KLZ[LZ *VUNYLZZVZ
VUKL ]LQV ZLTWYL \TH HWYV_PTHsqV LU[YL KPMLYLU[LZ
T\UKVZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ! H HJHKLTPH V LTWYLNV L H MVY
THsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKP]LYZVZWHYJLPYVZ¯7VYLZZHYHaqV
NVZ[HYPH KL THUPMLZ[HY H TPUOH WYVM\UKH NYH[PKqV WLSVZ
OVUYVZVZJVU]P[LZWHYHWHY[PJPWHYL[LU[HYKHYVTL\JVU
[YPI\[VHLZ[LL]LU[V[qVZPUN\SHY(WYV]LP[V[HTItTWHYH
KLZLQHYVZTHPVYLZZ\JLZZVZWHYHVM\[\YV8\LVZWY}_P
TVZ]PU[LHUVZZLQHT[qVNYH[PÄJHU[LZX\HU[VLZ[LZ
( WYVW}ZP[V KLZ[H TLZH YLKVUKH NVZ[HYPH KL Z\ISP
UOHY V [x[\SV WYVWVZ[V WLSH 6YNHUPaHsqV WLSV X\L [LT
KL PUZ[PNHKVY KL YLÅL_LZ HJLYJH KV X\L [LT ZPKV L ]HP
ZLUKV H LK\JHsqV KL WLZZVHZ HK\S[HZ LT 7VY[\NHS 6
[L_[V UqV J\TWYL H YLKVUKLaH KL \TH TLZH X\L \TH
PU[LYHsqVWYLZLUJPHSLKPHS}NPJHWLYTP[PYPH(ZZPTL_WVZ[V
WHYLJLVIYHKL\TH\[VYZ}X\HUKVUH]LYKHKLHX\PSV
X\LQ\SNVZHILYZVIYLLZ[L[LTHYLZ\S[HKLHSN\T[YHIHSOV
PUKP]PK\HS KL SLP[\YHZ L KL WYm[PJHZ THZ T\P[V THPZ KL
L_WLYPvUJPHZ JVSL[P]HZ KL KLIH[LZ KL HWYLUKLY JVT HZ
outras pessoas.
(X\PSV X\L WYVWVUOV t KLZJVUZ[Y\PY Qm V [x[\SV LT
WHY[LZ UH LZWLYHUsH KL X\L V H]HUsV HVZ WV\JVZ TL
WLYTP[H [YH[HY V [LTH KH TLSOVY MVYTH X\L MVY JHWHa
*VTLsHYLP LU[qV JVT H OPWLYLZWLJPHSPaHsqV WHZZHYLP
WLSVZ ZHILYLZ ImZPJVZ L [LYTPUHYLP JVT H JVYYPKH L H
\YNvUJPH
A hiperespecialização
5V S[PTV YVTHUJL X\L LZJYL]L\ PU[P[\SHKV ¸( 0SOH¹

(SKV\Z/\_SL`KLZJYL]L\\TH\[VWPHVUKL
¸H LZWLJPHSPaHsqV t ULJLZZmYPH L PUL]P[m]LS :LT

LZWLJPHSPaHsqVUqVOH]LYmLK\JHsqV,ZL\TH
WLZZVH LK\JH [VKV V JVYWVLZWxYP[V JVUQ\U[H
TLU[LJVTVPU[LSLJ[VZLY]PUKVZLKLZxTIVSVZ
LZZL [PWV KL LZWLJPHSPaHsqV ULJLZZmYPH UqV MHYm
NYHUKLTHS4HZ]VJvZUqVLK\JHTHJVTIPUH
sqVJVYWVLZWxYP[V(]VZZHWYLVJ\WHsqVKLJYPH
YLT \TH LZWLJPHSPaHsqV L_JLZZP]HTLU[L JPLU[x
ÄJH SPTP[HZL H PUJS\PY THPZ HSN\THZ KPZJPWSPUHZ
KLO\THUPKHKLZ,_JLSLU[L8\HSX\LYLK\JHsqV
KL]L WVY MVYsH PUJS\PY J\YZVZ KL O\THUPKHKLZ
4HZUqVUVZKLP_LTVZPS\KPYWVYLZZHKLZPNUHsqV7VYZPWY}WYPHZHZO\THUPKHKLZUqVO\THUP
aHT:qVZPTWSLZTLU[LV\[YHMVYTHKLLZWLJPHSPaHsqVUVJHTWVZPTI}SPJV3LY7SH[qVV\V\]PY
\THJVUMLYvUJPHZVIYL;:,SPV[UqVLK\JH[VKVVZLYO\THUVLTZP[HSJVTVVZJ\YZVZKL
-xZPJHLKL8\xTPJHLK\JHTT\P[VZPTWSLZTLU[LVTHUPW\SHKVYKLZxTIVSVZKLP_HUKVVYLZ[V
KVJVYWVLZWxYP[V]P]VUVZL\WYPTLPYVLZ[HKVKLPNUVYoUJPHLKLPUtWJPH+Hx[VKHZLZZHZWH[t
[PJHZLYLW\SZP]HZJYPH[\YHZX\L[HU[VTLLZWHU[HYHTUHWYPTLPYH]PHNLTX\LÄaHVLZ[YHUNLPYV¹
ZKW
:LN\UKV LZ[H WLYZWL[P]H H LZWLJPHSPaHsqV UqV t \T THS LT ZP TLZTH )LT WLSV JVU[YmYPV LSH t
[qVULJLZZmYPHX\LZLTLSHUqVOmLK\JHsqV6WYVISLTHLZ[mUHLZWLJPHSPaHsqVPNUVYHU[LLPULW[H¶
¸KLZ\THUPaHU[L¹JVTVKPYPH7H\SV-YLPYL W¶HX\LSHX\LWYVK\aVZ¸TVUZ[YVZHJHKtTPJVZ¹
/\_SL` ZKW(LZ[LWYVW}ZP[VLLT¸(sqVJ\S[\YHSWHYHHSPILYKHKLLV\[YVZLZJYP[VZ¹-YLPYL
KPZ[PUN\LLU[YLLZWLJPHSPaHsqVLLZWLJPHSPZTV!
¸(VJVU[YmYPVKHLZWLJPHSPaHsqVJVU[YHHX\HSUqVWVKLYxHTVZLZ[HYVZLZWLJPHSPZTVZLZ[YLP[HT
HmYLHKVJVUOLJPTLU[VH[HSWVU[VX\LVZJOHTHKVZºLZWLJPHSPZ[HZ»ZL[VYUHTNLYHSTLU[LPUJH
WHaLZKLWLUZHYTHPZHStTKLZL\KLSPTP[HKVJHTWV7PVYWVYX\LWLYKLTH]PZqVKH[V[HSPKHKL
KLX\LHLZWLJPHSPKHKLtHWLUHZ\THWHY[LUqVWVKLTWLUZHYJVYYL[HTLU[LULTTLZTVUVZL\
JHTWV¹W
+PaPH,KNHY4VYPUW¸VMVZZVX\LJYLZJLLU[YL\TH[LJUVJPvUJPHLZV[tYPJHOPWLYLZWL
JPHSPaHKHLVZJPKHKqVZJYPV\\THK\HSPKHKLLU[YLVZJVUOLJLKVYLZ¶J\QVJVUOLJPTLU[VKLYLZ[VLZ[m
WHYJLSHKVPUJHWHaKLJVU[L_[\HSPaHYLNSVIHSPaHY¶LVZPNUVYHU[LZPZ[VtVJVUQ\U[VKVZJPKHKqVZ¹(U[LZ
KL THPZ UqV WVKLTVZ ULT KL]LTVZ HZZ\TPY X\L ZqV PNUVYHU[LZ VZ JPKHKqVZ L HZ JPKHKqZ X\L UqV
[P]LYHTHVWVY[\UPKHKLKLZLLZWLJPHSPaHYUVZLU[PKVKLWVKLYKLZLTWLUOHY\THM\UsqVTHPZ¸KPMLYLU
JPHKH¹;VTLTVZWVYtTHPKLPHKL4VYPUJVTVWYV]VJHsqVX\LWHYLJLZLYLHKTP[HTVZX\LV¸MVZZV¹
ZLYLMLYLnZWLZZVHZX\LHJLKLTHVLUZPUVZ\WLYPVYWVY\TSHKVLnX\LSHZX\LUqVJVUJS\LTVLUZPUV
ZLJ\UKmYPVWVYV\[YVSHKV
5\TWHxZTHYJHKVOmKVPZZtJ\SVZWLSV¸H[YHZV¹LK\JH[P]VLTYLSHsqVHVZV\[YVZWHxZLZL\YVWL\Z
5}]VHtPTWVY[HU[LYLNPZ[HYX\LUH,\YVWH7VY[\NHSHWYLZLU[HV[LYJLPYVH\TLU[VTHPZLSL]HKV
KHWVW\SHsqVJVTLUZPUVZ\WLYPVY([H_HKLJYLZJPTLU[VHU\HSTtKPVUVLUZPUVZ\WLYPVYKH<,tKL
LUX\HU[VHKL7VY[\NHStKLHKV3\_LTI\YNVLHKH7VS}UPH
5qVZLWLUZLUVLU[HU[VX\LLZ[LZKHKVZYLMVYsHTHPKLPH¶X\LJVUZPKLYVPUMLSPaLJxUPJH¶KL
X\LQm[LTVZ¸SPJLUJPHKVZHTHPZ¹)LTHVJVU[YmYPV!7VY[\NHSHWYLZLU[HHWLYJLU[HNLTKLHK\S[VZJVT
LUZPUVZ\WLYPVYTHPZYLK\aPKHKH<, JVU[YHHTtKPHL\YVWLPHKL
7VYZ\H]LaHWLYJLU[HNLTKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZX\LUqVJVUJS\xYHTVLUZPUVZLJ\UKmYPVtX\HZLV
KVIYVKHTtKPHKH<,JVU[YHYLZWL[P]HTLU[L,ZWHUOHL0[mSPHLTIVYHZLQHTVZWHxZLZ
THPZWY}_PTVZKLU}ZHLZ[LYLZWLP[VLZ[qVILTSVUNLJVTLYLZWL[P]HTLU[L(PUKHHZZPTL
KLZKLVHUVLZ[H[H_HKLJYLZJL\HWLUHZHVHUVHIHP_VKHTtKPHL\YVWLPHKL
(SLP[\YHJVUQ\U[HKLZ[HZ[LUKvUJPHZJVTVTVZ[YLPQmU\TV\[YV[L_[V(TVYPTKLZ]LSHX\L
7VY[\NHS[LTWYP]PSLNPHKVVJYLZJPTLU[VKVLUZPUVZ\WLYPVYLTKL[YPTLU[VKHLK\JHsqVImZPJHZVIYL[\KV
THZ [HTItT ZLJ\UKmYPH KH Z\H WVW\SHsqV HK\S[H 5qV ZPNUPÄJH PZ[V KPaLY X\L ZL KL]H KLZPU]LZ[PY UV
LUZPUVZ\WLYPVY7LSVJVU[YmYPVLYLWP[VJVUZPKLYVM\UKHTLU[HSWYVTV]LYVHJLZZVKHZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZ
n \UP]LYZPKHKL LU[LUKPKH LT ZLU[PKV SH[V KLZPNUHKHTLU[L nZ PUZ[P[\PsLZ L J\YZVZ THPZ WYLZ[PNPHKVZ
(TVYPT 4HZ t PN\HSTLU[L PTWVY[HU[L KHY VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KL LK\JHsqV L KL MVYTHsqV nX\LSHZ
LnX\LSLZX\LTLUVZHZ[P]LYHT(VPU]tZKLWVSx[PJHZKLWYVTVsqVKHQ\Z[PsHZVJPHSLKLYLK\sqVKHZ
KLZPN\HSKHKLZLZ[LZKHKVZTVZ[YHTX\LHVIZLY]HsqVKL4VYPULZ[H]HJLY[H!VMVZZV[LTZLHNYH]HKV
(KLTHPZVX\LNVZ[HYPHKLZHSPLU[HYULZ[L[L_[Vt[HTItTHPNUVYoUJPH¶LLTZ\IZLX\vUJPHHHYYV
NoUJPH¶HZZVJPHKHHWLYJ\YZVZSVUNVZLT\P[VSVUNVZKLLK\JHsqV:qV]mYPVZVZH\[VYLZHZX\L[vT
KLU\UJPHKVKLYLZ[VH[LUKvUJPHKLOPWLYLZWLJPHSPaHsqVPNUVYHU[LKHZZVJPLKHKLZJVU[LTWVYoULHZ6
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKVZJVUOLJPTLU[VZ[LJUVJPLU[xÄJVZJVTVSLTIYH(UKYt.VYa[LT]PUKVHWYV
K\aPY\THZVJPLKHKLKLLZWLJPHSPZ[HZPNUVYHU[LZX\LKLZJVUOLJLTVJVU[L_[VLVZLU[PKVKVZMLU}TL
UVZT\P[VWHY[PJ\SHYLZX\LLZ[\KHT,Z[H[LUKvUJPH[LTLU[YLV\[YHZ\THJVUZLX\vUJPHX\LUqVKL]L
ZLYKLZWYLaHKH!VZZmIPVZPNUVYHU[LZJVTVKPYPH6Y[LNH`.HZZL[HX\LSLZX\LJVUOLJLT¸T\P[VILTH
Z\HWVYsqVaPUOHKL\UP]LYZV¹JVTWVY[HTZLYLSH[P]HTLU[LH[\KVVX\LPNUVYHTUqVJVTVPNUVYHU[LZ
¸THZJVT[VKHHWL[\SoUJPHKLX\LTtZmIPVUHZ\HX\LZ[qVLZWLJPHS¹ &&ZKW
6YH UqV t WYLJPZHTLU[L LZ[H H[P[\KL WL[\SHU[L L PUJHWHa X\L [LT JHYH[LYPaHKV H THPVY WHY[L KHZ
WVSx[PJHZLKHZWYm[PJHZKLLK\JHsqVKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZKLZPNUHKHTLU[LHZKLWYVTVsqVKHSP[LYHJPH
M\UKHTLU[HS&8\HUKVSOLZtJVUJLKPKHUH]LYKHKLUqVtYPNVYVZVMHSHYKL¸VMLY[H¹\TH]LaX\LHMYL

=LYO[[W!^^^VLJKVYNLK\*OHW[LY;HISLZHUK*OHY[Z0,(.^LI_SZ_KPZWVUx]LSLT
X\vUJPHKL\T¸J\YZV¹JVUZ[P[\PT\P[HZ]LaLZ\T¸KL]LY¹WHYHX\LZLWVZZHTTHU[LYVZ¸HWVPVZZVJPHPZ¹
KLX\LHZWLZZVHZZqV¸ILULÄJPmYPHZ¹WVYL_LTWSV\TH¸ZLN\UKHVWVY[\UPKHKL¹WHYH¸LZ[\KHY¹V\[YH
L_WYLZZqVT\P[VWV\JVYPNVYVZHUHTLKPKHLTX\LMYLX\LU[LTLU[LUqVOV\]L\TH¸WYPTLPYHVWVY[\UP
KHKL¹HX\PSVX\LSOLZtWYVWVZ[VPNUVYHX\HZLZLTWYLVZJVU[L_[VZLTX\L]P]LT[VTHJVTV¸TLUVY¹
¸LYYHKH¹V\¸NYVZZLPYH¹HMVYTHJVTVZLL_WYLZZHTLSLNLWVYLSHZHX\PSVX\LPTWVY[HJVUOLJLYLVX\L
ZqVVZ¸ZHILYLZImZPJVZ¹WHYHZLYLTJHWHaLZKLYLZWVUKLYHVZKLZHÄVZJVTX\LZqVJVUMYVU[HKHZUV
L_LYJxJPVKVZTS[PWSVZWHWtPZKHZ\HL_PZ[vUJPH¶LU[YLVZX\HPZZLZ\WLYPVYPaHJSHYVVKL[YHIHSOHKVYH
¸H[P]V¹¯KHxHHWVZ[HX\HZLL_JS\ZP]HUH¸X\HSPÄJHsqV¹HVUx]LSKVLUZPUVZLJ\UKmYPVPUMLYPVYLZ\WLYPVY
ZL\ZHYTVZHJSHZZPÄJHsqVKH0:*,+V\KV¢JPJSVKVLUZPUVImZPJVLKVLUZPUVZLJ\UKmYPVKLHJVYKV
JVTHKLZPNUHsqVUHJPVUHS(TVYPT
Os saberes básicos
6ZZHILYLZ¸ImZPJVZ¹X\LZLL_PNLTnZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZZqVImZPJVZLTYLSHsqVHX\v&7HYHX\LT&
:qVLZZLUJPHPZWHYHX\LM\UsqVV\H[P]PKHKL&,TX\LJVU[L_[VZ&:qVLZJVSOPKVZWVYX\LT&*VTX\L
ÄUHSPKHKL& *VTV KPaPH 7H\SV -YLPYL ¸6 WYVISLTH M\UKHTLU[HS KL UH[\YLaH WVSx[PJH L [VJHKV WVY [PU[HZ
PKLVS}NPJHZtZHILYX\LTLZJVSOLVZJVU[LKVZHMH]VYKLX\LTLKLBX\vDLZ[HYmVZL\LUZPUVJVU[YH
X\LTHMH]VYKLBX\vDJVU[YHBX\vD8\HSVWHWLSX\LJHILHVZLK\JHUKVZUHVYNHUPaHsqVWYVNYHTm[PJH
KVZJVU[LKVZB¯D&¹ W:}HZZPTZLYLZWLP[H¸VKPYLP[VKLZHILYTLSOVYVX\LQmZHILT¹LV
KPYLP[V¸KLWHY[PJPWHYKLHSN\TTVKVKHWYVK\sqVKVZHILYHPUKHUqVL_PZ[LU[L¹-YLPYL W
i]LYKHKLX\LHZUVZZHZZVJPLKHKLZZLIHZLPHTKLMVYTHT\P[VWHY[PJ\SHYUHWHSH]YHLZJYP[H,X\L
X\LTUqVKLJPMYHLZZLJ}KPNVL_WLYPTLU[HSPTP[HsLZLJVUZ[YHUNPTLU[VZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZJVTVWLZZVHL
JPKHKqVTqLWHP[YHIHSOHKVYH([x[\SVKLL_LTWSV]LQHZLVÄSTL¸:[HUSL` 0YPZ¹KL4HY[PU9P[[
JVT1HUL-VUKHL9VILY[KL5PYV*VTVYLMLYLVEU High Level Group of Experts on Literacy
“Literacy is more essential than ever before. In societies dominated by the written word, it is a fun-
damental requirement for citizens of all ages in modern Europe. Literacy empowers the individual
[VKL]LSVWJHWHJP[PLZVMYLÅLJ[PVUJYP[PX\LHUKLTWH[O`SLHKPUN[VHZLUZLVMZLSMLѝJHJ`PKLU[P[`
HUKM\SSWHY[PJPWH[PVUPUZVJPL[`3P[LYHJ`ZRPSSZHYLJY\JPHS[VWHYLU[PUNÄUKPUNHUKRLLWPUNHQVI
participating as a citizen, being an active consumer, managing one’s health and taking advantage
of digital developments, both socially and at work.¹W
5LZ[LWVU[VWVYtTtPTWVY[HU[LJSHYPÄJHYX\LLZ[HPTWVZZPIPSPKHKLUqVWVKLZLYH[YPI\xKHnWLZZVH
H\THPUJHWHJPKHKLL\THYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLX\LUqVZqVZ\HZKL]LUKVHJLU[\HYZLZLTWYLHZVWVY[\UP
KHKLZX\LUqVMVYHTKHKHZHJHKH\THKLZ[HZWLZZVHZWHYHX\LW\KLZZLTHWYLUKLYHSLYLHLZJYL]LY
V\WHYHX\LVÄaLZZLTJVTHKLZ[YLaHLVNVZ[VULJLZZmYPVZHX\LHSLP[\YHLHLZJYP[HZL[VYUHZZLT
\TOmIP[V7VYPZZVtX\LUqVKL]LTVZKPaLYX\LHZWLZZVHZUqVZqVJHWHaLZKLSLYLKLLZJYL]LYTHZ
HU[LZLJVT7H\SV-YLPYLX\LZqV¸WYVPIPKBHDZKLSLYHWHSH]YH¹ WKLLZJYL]LYHZ\HOPZ[}YPHL
YLLZJYL]LYVT\UKVPZ[Vt[YHUZMVYTmSV-YLPYL
/mX\LZ\ISPUOHYWVPZVWLUKVYanalfabetizador KLKP]LYZHZWVSx[PJHZLWYm[PJHZLK\JH[P]HZUVTLH
KHTLU[LKPYPNPKHZHWLZZVHZHK\S[HZ(J\SWHUqVtKVJSPTHULTKHNLUt[PJH-YLPYL WtKHZ
WVSx[PJHZ L KHZ WYm[PJHZ X\L HZ analfabetizaram V\ KHZ KLZPN\HSKHKLZ X\L WYVTV]LT V HUHSMHIL[PZTV
YLNYLZZP]V-YLPYL"3PTH HSP[LYHJPHKLUx]LSV\PUMLYPVY.YV[SZJOLU".YV[SZJOLUL[HS
:VJPHSTLU[LOm\TJVU[YPI\[VWHY[PSOHKVWHYHLZ[HanalfabetizaçãoVX\LKPÄJ\S[HX\LJHKH\TH
WLYJLIHHZ\HX\V[HKLYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLWVYLZ[HYLHSPKHKL,U[YLVZanalfabetizadores e as analfabetiza-
dorasLZ[mX\LTKLZLUOHHZWVSx[PJHZVHWYVMLZZVYHIHUJmYPVH-YLPYL HX\LSLZLHX\LSHZX\L
NVaHTKPYL[HV\PUKPYL[HTLU[LKLWYP]PStNPVZ]mYPVZZLTYLJSHTHYVZTLZTVZKPYLP[VZLVWVY[\UPKHKLZ
WHYHHZVZKLTHPZ[VKHZL[VKVZVZLSP[PZ[HZKVTLZ[PJHKVYLZKLZ\THUPaHU[LZ-YLPYL UVKLZLT
WLUOVKHZ]mYPHZM\UsLZZVJPHPZ
i]LYKHKLWVKLYmKPaLYZLUqVZLTHSN\TJPUPZTVX\LOmWLZZVHZJVTWYVM\UKHZKPÄJ\SKHKLZKL
SP[LYHJPHX\LLZ[qVPU[LNYHKHZUHZVJPLKHKLZqV¸M\UJPVUHPZ¹L¸WYVK\[P]HZ¹(PUKHHZZPTPTWVY[HSLTIYHY
KLWLUKLT KL V\[YHZ WHYH PU[LYWYL[HY L HJLKLY H PUMVYTHsqV LZJYP[H 4HSSV^Z 3P[Z[LY ]LLTZL
¸HU\SHKVZWVYZ\HPUJHWHJPKHKLKL[VTHYKLJPZLZZVaPUOVZ¹-YLPYLin -YLPYL 4HJLKV W
LZ[qV¸WYVPIPKVZKLZLYTHPZ¹-YLPYL W6JVU[YmYPVWVY[HU[VKVX\LHJVU[LJLLT7HSHHPSOH
KL/\_SL`VUKLVZYHWHaLZLHZYHWHYPNHZWYVJ\YHTYLHSPaHYZL[YHUZMVYTHYZL¸LTZLYLZO\THUVZJVT
WSL[HTLU[LKLZLU]VS]PKVZ¹ ZKW
i]LYKHKLHX\PZPTX\LH]PKHKLT\P[HZWLZZVHZLVZJVU[L_[VZVUKL]P]LTYLX\LYLTWV\JHZ
JVTWL[vUJPHZKLSP[LYHJPHVX\LMH]VYLJLVLZX\LJPTLU[VKVX\LZL[LUOHHWYLUKPKVLVUqVKLZLU]VS]P
TLU[VKVX\LZLWVKLYPHHWYLUKLYLTJVU[L_[VZX\LHZL_PNPZZLT5\TH\[VWPH]Pm]LSUHX\HS[VKHZHZ
WLZZVHZ[P]LZZLTHVWVY[\UPKHKLKLZLKLZLU]VS]LYLTHVTm_PTVPTWVY[HYPHWLUZHYHX\LTJHILYPHT
HZH[P]PKHKLZTHPZPUKPMLYLUJPHKHZ(SKV\Z/\_SL`KLUV]VLT¸(0SOH¹YLZVS]LVWYVISLTHH[YH]tZKVWYPU
JxWPVKLYV[HsqV!¸(X\PL_WLYPTLU[HY[VKHHLZWtJPLKL[YHIHSOVMHaWHY[LKHLK\JHsqVKL[VKHHNLU[Li

\THTHULPYHKLHWYLUKLYT\P[xZZPTVHJLYJHKHZJVPZHZKHZ[tJUPJHZLKHZVYNHUPaHsLZHJLYJHKL[VKVZ
VZ[PWVZKLWLZZVHZLKHZ\HTHULPYHKLWLUZHY¹ ZKW*VTVKPaPH7H\SV-YLPYLLPTWVY[H
UqVLZX\LJLYOmWLZZVHZX\LUqVULJLZZP[HTKLSLYX\HUKV]P]LT¸U\THJ\S[\YHJ\QHJVT\UPJHsqVL
J\QHTLT}YPHZqVH\KP[P]HZ¹ZLUKVLZZH\THKHZJH\ZHZKV¸HUHSMHIL[PZTVYLNYLZZP]V¹W
5V7VY[\NHSKLOVQLX\HU[HZWLZZVHZ]P]LTULZ[HJ\S[\YHH\KP[P]HKLX\LMHSH-YLPYL&8\HU[HZWLZ
ZVHZHK\S[HZNVZ[HYPHTKL[LYHVWVY[\UPKHKL¶\THVWVY[\UPKHKLX\LMVZZLLZ[m]LSUV[LTWVLUqVKV
[PWV¸OVQLZPTHTHUOqUqVKLWVPZ[HS]La¹ZVJPHSTLU[LYLJVUOLJPKH¶KLWHY[PJPWHYLTHsLZKLHSMH
IL[PaHsqV&V\KLWYVTVsqVKH¸SP[LYHJPHM\UKHTLU[HS¹JVTVSOLZJOHTV\V.Y\WVKL4PZZqVWHYHV
+LZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH,K\JHsqVL-VYTHsqVKL(K\S[VZWJVVYKLUHKVWVY(SILY[V4LSV
5\T[LTWVLTX\L[\KV[LU[HX\HU[PÄJHYZLL[YHK\aPYZLLTPUKPJHKVYLZJOLNHHZLYWHYHKV_HSX\L
UqVZHPIHTVZULTZLX\LYWVYHWYV_PTHsqVX\HU[VZZqVUVUVZZVWHxZ¸HX\LSLBZDV\HX\LSHBZDHX\LT
MVPULNHKVVKPYLP[VKLSLY¹-YLPYLW6ZKHKVZTHPZYLJLU[LZKLX\LKPZWVTVZKH[HTKLÄUHPZ
KVZHUVZ X\HUKVMVYHTYLHSPaHKVZKVPZLZ[\KVZ\TUHJPVUHSLV\[YVPU[LYUHJPVUHSKLHMLYPsqVKH
SP[LYHJPHKHWVW\SHsqVWVY[\N\LZH,Z[V\KLJLY[HMVYTHHYLWL[PYTLTHZJYLPVZLYLZZLUJPHSSLTIYHYVZ
KHKVZKLX\LKPZWVTVZ(StTKPZZVWHZZHYK\HZ]LaLZU\TTLZTVZx[PVUqVZPNUPÄJHX\LnZLN\UKH
UqVZLQHTVZJHWHaLZKLKLZJVY[PUHYULUO\THUV]PKHKLX\LUVZ[LUOHWHZZHKVKLZWLYJLIPKHKHWYP
TLPYH]La,THPZ!LU[LUKVX\LHPTWVY[oUJPHLHUH[\YLaHKV[LTHQ\Z[PÄJHLZ[HYLWL[PsqV=VS[VHJP[HY
o EU High Level Group of Experts on LiteracyX\LKPaPHX\LHYLK\aPKHSP[LYHJPHWLYTHULJL\THZZ\U[V
[HI\LWVYPZZVHTWSHTLU[LPU]PZx]LSLT[VKHH,\YVWHH[tWVYX\LUHTHPVYPHKVZ,Z[HKVZ4LTIYVZ
UqVL_PZ[LTPUX\tYP[VZV\LZ[\KVZ¶Z\ÄJPLU[LZKPYPHL\¶ZVIYLLZ[H[LTm[PJHWLSVX\LHKPTLUZqVKV
¸WYVISLTH¹UqVHWHYLJLVX\LNLYHKLZJVUOLJPTLU[VLPUHsqVWVY\TSHKVLWVYV\[YV\TZLU[PTLU[V
KL]LYNVUOHUHZWLZZVHZJVTYLK\aPKHSP[LYHJPHUHTLKPKHLTX\LJYLLTZLYLTHZUPJHZJVTLZ[L
¸WYVISLTH¹W
0Z[VtHPUKHTHPZ]LYKHKLPYVUVJHZVKL7VY[\NHSVUKLJVTVKPZZLVZKHKVZTHPZH[\HPZZqVKV
ZtJ\SVWHZZHKV,T )LUH]LU[LL[HSW\ISPJHYHTV,Z[\KV5HJPVUHSKL3P[LYHJPHVUKLTVZ[YH]HT
X\LHSP[LYHJPHKLJLYJHKLKHWVW\SHsqVHK\S[HWVY[\N\LZHLYHKLUx]LS¶HX\LSHZWLZZVHZ¸X\L
KLTVUZ[YHYHT[V[HSPUJHWHJPKHKLWHYHYLZVS]LYX\HSX\LYKHZ[HYLMHZ¹ W¶LKLUx]LS¶¸ULZ[L
Ux]LS H JVYYLJ[H YLZVS\sqV KHZ [HYLMHZ PTWSPJH LT NLYHS HWLUHZ H SVJHSPaHsqV LT [L_[VZ WLX\LUVZ L
WV\JVJVTWSL_VZKLWHSH]YHZV\L_WYLZZLZYLMLYPKHZUHZPUZ[Y\sLZ¹ W
,TH6*+,W\ISPJV\VWYPTLPYVYLSH[}YPVKVInternational Adult Literacy SurveyUVX\HSJLYJHKL
KHWVW\SHsqVHK\S[HWVY[\N\LZHTVZ[YH]HJVTWL[vUJPHZKLSP[LYHJPH¸T\P[VMYHJHZ¹Ux]LSL¸MYHJHZ¹
Ux]LS6,*+W_P
4HPZ YLJLU[LTLU[L H TLZTH 6*+, YLHSPaV\ \T UV]V LZ[\KV PU[LYUHJPVUHS KL JVTWL[vUJPHZ KHZ
WLZZVHZHK\S[HZV70((*Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies6,*+
THZ7VY[\NHSWVYVWsqVWVSx[PJHKV?0?.V]LYUV*VUZ[P[\JPVUHS¶J\QV7YPTLPYV4PUPZ[YVLYH7LKYV
7HZZVZ*VLSOVL5\UV*YH[V4PUPZ[YVKH,K\JHsqVL*PvUJPH¶HJHIV\WVYKLZPZ[PYKHWHY[PJPWHsqVULZ[L
estudo.
+PZWVTVZHStTKPZZVKVZKHKVZKVZ*LUZVZ6THPZYLJLU[LKLTVZ[YHX\L WLZ
ZVHZHK\S[HZYLZWVUKLYHTX\L¸UqVZHILTSLYLLZJYL]LY¹05,WiPTWVY[HU[LZ\ISPUOHY\TH
LV\[YH]LaX\LLZ[LUTLYVMVPVI[PKVH[YH]tZKL\TX\LZ[PVUmYPVKLH\[VYYLSH[V±WLYN\U[HZVIYL¸HSMH
IL[PZTV¹HWLZZVHKL]PHYLZWVUKLYKLHJVYKVJVTHZLN\PU[LPUMVYTHsqV!¸:LZ}LZJYL]LHSNHYPZTVZV\
VWY}WYPVUVTLSvTHZUqVZHILLZJYL]LYV\ZLZ}SvLLZJYL]LMYHZLZTLTVYPaHKHZHZZPUHSLº5qVZHIL
SLYLLZJYL]LY»¹
+VTL\WVU[VKL]PZ[HLZ[Lt\TMHJ[VZVJPHSX\LTLYLJL[VKHHH[LUsqV(PUKHX\LZLQHWVZP[P]V
]LYPÄJHYH¸H[LUKvUJPHKLYLK\sqVKH[H_HKLHUHSMHIL[PZTV¹05,WLZLYLJVUOLsHTHZ
KPMLYLUsHZKLNtULYVJVTHZT\SOLYLZHHWYLZLU[HYLT\TH[H_HX\LtVKVIYVKHKVZOVTLUZLHZ
¸NYHUKLZHZZPTL[YPHZYLNPVUHPZ¹tPTWVY[HU[LZ\ISPUOHYX\LHHSMHIL[PaHsqVKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZUqVtHSNV
YLZVS]PKV 5qV t \T ¸WYVISLTH¹ WHYLJL WLUZHYZL WVYX\L Z\WVZ[HTLU[L ZL YLMLYL HWLUHZ H T\SOLYLZ
THPZ]LSOHZUVPU[LYPVYKVWHxZ
,TWYPTLPYVS\NHY[YH[HZLKL\T¸KPHNU}Z[PJV¹VI[PKVWVYH\[VYYLSH[VX\LWLJHT\P[VWYV]H]LSTLU[L
WVYKLMLP[V5VLZ[\KVKL)LUH]LU[LL[HS WVYL_LTWSVTLZTVLU[YLHZWLZZVHZX\LUqVMVYHT
JHWHaLZKLYLHSPaHYULUO\THKHZ[HYLMHZWYVWVZ[HZYLMLYPYHTUqVZHILYSLYKPZZLYHT[LY¸MYHJHZ¹
JHWHJPKHKLZKLSLP[\YH¸YHaVm]LPZ¹L¸IVHZ¹*VTVZH\[VYLZLU[qVt¸PTWVY[HU[LHZZPUHSHYX\L
WHY[LKVZPUX\PYPKVZH\[VH]HSPHUKVZLJVTVWVY[HKVYHKLHSN\T[PWVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZUqV[LUOHZPKV
JHWHaKLYLZVS]LY[HYLMHZ[LUKVWVYIHZLH\[PSPaHsqVKLTH[LYPHSLZJYP[V¹)LUH]LU[LL[HS W

=LYO[[WZ!^^^W\ISPJVW[ZVJPLKHKLUV[PJPH\TUP]LSKLSP[LYHJPHLSL]HKVWVKL]HSLYTHPZKLZHSHYPV
KPZWVUx]LSLT

+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!JLUZVZPULW[UN[FZLY]LYH[[HJOÄSL\QZW&SVVRFWHYLU[)V\P$ H[[FKPZWSH`$U H[[FKVÛSVHK
$`LT KLV\[\IYVKL
,TZLN\UKVS\NHYLHPUKHX\LZLWVZZHLKL]HX\LZ[PVUHYLYLÅL[PYZVIYLVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZX\L[vT
ZPKVJVUJLIPKVZWHYHTLKPYHSP[LYHJPHUqVKL]LTVZWYLZ\TPYJVTVPUX\LZ[PVUm]LS\TH]HUsV[qVZPNUPÄ
JH[P]VLTHWLUHZ\THKtJHKHLU[YLVZLZ[\KVZKLSP[LYHJPHLHW\ISPJHsqVKV*LUZVKL
,T[LYJLPYVS\NHYVZLZ[\KVZYLMLYPKVZTVZ[YHTX\LOmWLZZVHZLZJVSHYPaHKHZJVTMYHJVZKLZLT
WLUOVZUVZ[LZ[LZKLSP[LYHJPH(PUKHHZZPTOm\THMVY[LTHZUqVZPTWSLZULTSPULHYYLSHsqVLU[YLVZ
Ux]LPZKLLZJVSHYPKHKLLKLSP[LYHJPH)LUH]LU[LL[HS 6ZKHKVZKV70((*TVZ[YHTWVYL_LTWSV
X\LHK\S[VZJVTTHPZIHP_VZUx]LPZKLLZJVSHYPaHsqVLJ\QVZWHPZZqV[HTItTTLUVZLZJVSHYPaHKVZ[vT
\THWYVIHIPSPKHKLJPUJV]LaLZTHPVYKLVI[LYYLZ\S[HKVZKLWYVÄJPvUJPHLTSP[LYHJPHTHPZIHP_VZKVX\L
HX\LSLZHZJ\QVZWHPZZqVTHPZLZJVSHYPaHKVZ6,*+W
6*LUZVKLKLUV]VPUKPJHX\LnKH[H WLZZVHZJVTV\THPZHUVZUqV[PUOHT
¸X\HSX\LYUx]LSKLLZJVSHYPKHKLJVTWSL[V¹05,W:L[P]LYTVZLTJVU[HVZWVIYLZOmIP[VZKL
SLP[\YHKHWVW\SHsqVWVY[\N\LZHUqVZ}KHZWLZZVHZTLUVZLZJVSHYPaHKHZVZWYVNYHTHZTHPZ]PZ[VZUH
[LSL]PZqVPKLTHZLZJHZZHZPKHZHVJPULTHPKLTUV]HTLU[LHZWLZZVHZX\LUVZ\WLYTLYJHKVV\UV
TL[YVWLKLTHQ\KHJVTHKLZJ\SWHKLZL[LYLTLZX\LJPKVKVZ}J\SVZ¯WLYJLILTVZX\LHSP[LYHJPHKHZ
WLZZVHZHK\S[HZt\T[LTHUqVZ}M\UKHTLU[HSTHZWYPVYP[mYPV
(WYPVYPKHKLtKL]PKHnZWY}WYPHZWLZZVHZL_JS\xKHZX\LZqVKLWHY[PJPWHYJx]PJHLWVSP[PJHTLU[LLT
PUPJPH[P]HZJ\S[\YHPZTHPZ¸LY\KP[HZ¹WHYHUqVSOLZJOHTHYLSP[PZ[HZLTH[P]PKHKLZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqV
KLHJLKLYHTLSOVYLZLTWYLNVZLTHPZILTYLT\ULYHKVZWLSVPTWHJ[VULNH[P]VUHZHKLLU[YLV\[YVZ
,]VS[VHV[LTHKVZ¸KV\[VYLZHTHPZ¹i]LYKHKLX\LOm[LTm[PJHZPTWVY[HU[LZLTLYLJLKVYHZKLHUmSPZL
J\PKHKHLKPZJ\ZZqVHZZVJPHKHZnWYVK\sqVKHZTHPZLSL]HKHZX\HSPÄJHsLZ!HLTPNYHsqVKHZWLZZVHZ
THPZ X\HSPÄJHKHZ V X\L OHIP[\HSTLU[L ZL KLZPNUH JVTV ¸M\NH KL JtYLIYVZ¹! L_WYLZZqV X\L TL JH\ZH
KLZJVUMVY[VWVYX\LHZWLZZVHZWHY[LTWHYHV\[YVZWHxZLZUqVMVNLTLWVYX\LLSHZZqVTHPZKVX\LVZ
ZL\ZJtYLIYVZHZVIYLX\HSPÄJHsqVLHMVYTHJVTVLSHtL_WLYPLUJPHKH\TL]LU[\HSKLZHQ\Z[HTLU[VLU[YL
LZ[HZX\HSPÄJHsLZLVTLYJHKVKLLTWYLNVHLJVUVTPH¯0TWVY[HSLTIYHYWVY\TSHKVX\LHLK\JHsqV
UqVtLTIVYHJ\TWYHT\P[HZ]LaLZTHZUqVHWLUHZLZZLWYVW}ZP[VWYLWHYHsqVWHYHVLTWYLNV6ZL\
]HSVYLZ[LUKLZLnJ\S[\YHnJPKHKHUPHHKP]LYZVZJHTWVZKHL_PZ[vUJPHO\THUH
4HZt\YNLU[L[HTItTKLU\UJPHYVJPUPZTVKLX\LTKPaX\LQm[LTVZX\HSPÄJHsLZHTHPZX\LVZ
¸KV\[VYLZ¹[YHIHSOHTLTJHP_HZKLZ\WLYTLYJHKVLTcall centres¯(X\HSPÄJHsqVJVU[PU\HHWYVK\aPYL
YLWYVK\aPYHLZ[YH[PÄJHsqVZVJPHS=LQHZLWVYL_LTWSVHYLSHsqVLU[YLHYLT\ULYHsqVLVUx]LSKLX\HSPÄJH
sqV-PN\YH/mHSN\THK]PKHKLX\LHLK\JHsqVJVTWLUZHUqVZ}THZ[HTItTKLZ[LWVU[VKL]PZ[H&
Figura 1: 9LT\ULYHsqVIHZLTtKPHTLUZHSKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZ
WVYJVU[HKLV\[YLTWVYUx]LSKLX\HSPÄJHsqV
Fonte: 769+(;(
*YLPVHStTKPZZVX\LHSP[LYHJPHKHZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZt\T[LTHWYPVYP[mYPV[HTItTWLSVLMLP[VX\L
[LT HV Ux]LS KH YLWYVK\sqV KHZ KLZPN\HSKHKLZ WLSV TLUVZ WHYH H NLYHsqV ZLN\PU[L 5qV MHa ZLU[PKV
[LUOVYLWL[PKVWLUZHYLTWYVNYHTHZKLWYVTVsqVKVZ\JLZZVLK\JH[P]VKLJYPHUsHZLKLQV]LUZZLT
WYVTV]LYHSP[LYHJPHKHZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZ+LV\[YHMVYTHJVTVPYqVLSHZJVUZLN\PYHQ\KHYVZZL\ZÄSOVZL
ÄSOHZJVTVZ[YHIHSOVZKLJHZHJVTVJVUZLN\PYqVHQ\KmSVZHZJVTHZZ\HZK]PKHZLZJVSHYLZ&8\HU[VZ
WYVMLZZVYLZLWYVMLZZVYHZJVU[PU\HTHKLTHUKHYX\LHZTqLZLVZWHPZWYVSVUN\LTHH[P]PKHKLKHLZJVSH
H[tnZZ\HZJHZHZJVTVZL[VKVZLZ[P]LZZLTJHWHaLZKLVMHaLYLULZZHJVUKPsqVW\KLZZLTVW[HY
LU[YLMHavSVLKLX\LMVYTHV\UqV&+LJHKH]LaX\LUqVVJVUZLN\LTMHaLYLU[qVJH]HZLVMVZZV
LU[YLVZX\L[vTTHPZLTLUVZVWVY[\UPKHKLZSVNVTLSOVYLZLWPVYLZYLZ\S[HKVZ
,UX\HU[V UqV HZZLN\YHYTVZ \TH VMLY[H X\L WYVTV]H H SP[LYHJPH M\UKHTLU[HS KHZ WLZZVHZ HK\S
[HZ UqV WVKLTVZ MHSHY KL ,Z[HKV ZVJPHS ULT KV J\TWYPTLU[V KL \TH *VUZ[P[\PsqV X\L HZZ\TL X\L
¸PUJ\TILHV,Z[HKV!B¯DJ.HYHU[PYHLK\JHsqVWLYTHULU[LLLSPTPUHYVHUHSMHIL[PZTV¹(Y[PNV¢4
,Z[HTVZ SVUNL KL WVKLY HÄYTHY X\L [VKHZ L ¸;VKVZ [vT KPYLP[V n LK\JHsqV L n J\S[\YH¹ (Y[PNV ¢
9LMLYLHPUKHH*VUZ[P[\PsqVX\L
¸6,Z[HKVWYVTV]LHKLTVJYH[PaHsqVKHLK\JHsqVLHZKLTHPZJVUKPsLZWHYHX\LHLK\JHsqV
YLHSPaHKHH[YH]tZKHLZJVSHLKLV\[YVZTLPVZMVYTH[P]VZJVU[YPI\HWHYHHPN\HSKHKLKLVWVY[\
UPKHKLZHZ\WLYHsqVKHZKLZPN\HSKHKLZLJVU}TPJHZZVJPHPZLJ\S[\YHPZVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH
WLYZVUHSPKHKLLKVLZWxYP[VKL[VSLYoUJPHKLJVTWYLLUZqVT[\HKLZVSPKHYPLKHKLLKLYLZWVU
ZHIPSPKHKLWHYHVWYVNYLZZVZVJPHSLWHYHHWHY[PJPWHsqVKLTVJYm[PJHUH]PKHJVSL[P]H¹(Y[PNV
¢
*VTHWLYZPZ[vUJPHKVZIHP_VZUx]LPZKLSP[LYHJPHtX\HZL[\KVPZ[VX\LÄJHWVYJ\TWYPY(StTKPZZV
JVTVWVKLV,Z[HKV¸*VVWLYHYJVTVZWHPZUHLK\JHsqVKVZÄSOVZ¹(Y[PNV¢ZLMHaJVTX\LT\P[VZ
KLZ[LZWHPZLTqLZJVU[PU\LTHZLYPTWLKPKVZKLSLYLKLLZJYL]LYHWHSH]YH&8\LPN\HSKHKLKLVWVY[\
UPKHKLZtLZ[HKLZKLSVNVWHYHLSLZWY}WYPVZ&,X\LPN\HSKHKLJVUZLN\LTWYVWVYJPVUHYHVZZL\ZÄSOVZ&
5qVVIZ[HU[LX\HUKVKPNVX\LUqV[LTVZPKLPHZLX\LYKVUTLYVKLWLZZVHZX\LUqVSLLTULT
LZJYL]LTUqVX\LYVKLMLUKLY\TH¸JHTWHUOH¹KL¸LYYHKPJHsqV¹KVHUHSMHIL[PZTVPTWVZ[HKLMVYTH
JVTW\SZP]HLH\[VYP[mYPH¶VX\LJVUZ[P[\PYPH\THK\WSH]PVSvUJPHHSPmZiMHJ[VUVLU[HU[VX\LVZUTLYVZ
[vTPTWVY[oUJPHX\HUKVZL[YH[HKLWYVJ\YHYPUÅ\LUJPHYHKLJPZqVWVSx[PJHadvocacyLTPUNSvZ:LHJLP
[HYTVZVKPZJ\YZVKLX\LV¸HUHSMHIL[PZTV¹QmUqVt\T¸WYVISLTH¹LT7VY[\NHS\TH]LaX\LZ}¸HML[H¹
KHWVW\SHsqVHK\S[HHPUKHHZZPTZLYPHTTPSU\THWVW\SHsqVKLJLYJHKLTPSOLZZVIYL[\KV
HX\LSHTHPZLU]LSOLJPKHLX\L]P]LUVPU[LYPVYY\YHSKVWHxZTHPZMmJPStLZX\LJLYTVUVZKLZ[HZWLZZVHZ
L JVU[PU\HYTVZ ZLT VMLYLJLY \TH WVSx[PJH X\L SOLZ Kv HJLZZV inter alia H WLYJ\YZVZ KLZPNUHKVZ KL
¸HWYLUKPaHNLTHVSVUNVKH]PKH¹THZJ\QVWH[HTHYKLLU[YHKHL_PNLJVTWL[vUJPHZTxUPTHZKLSP[LYHJPH
X\LKP]LYZHZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZUqVKL[vTJVTVYLJVUOLJLVWYLoTI\SVKV7YVNYHTHKL-VYTHsqVLT
*VTWL[vUJPHZ)mZPJHZ(TVYPT=LQHZLWVYJVU[YHZ[LVLMLP[VKVZUTLYVZKV70((*UH(SLTH
UOH¶WVYL_LTWSVUHPU]LZ[PNHsqVX\L[LTZPKVWYVK\aPKHHLZ[LYLZWLP[VU\TWHxZ¶VUKLHWLZHYKL
KHWVW\SHsqVHUVZ[LYWLSVTLUVZVLUZPUVZLJ\UKmYPV6,*+KHWVW\SHsqV
HK\S[HHUVZVI[L]L\THWYVÄJPvUJPHKLUx]LSV\PUMLYPVY6,*+
7HYHPKLU[PÄJHYTVZVZWVZZx]LPZKLZ[PUH[mYPVZKHZWVSx[PJHZKLWYVTVsqVKHSP[LYHJPHKLWLZZVHZHK\S
[HZUqVJOLNHWLYN\U[HYSOLZHPKHKLVUx]LSKLLZJVSHYPKHKLHZP[\HsqVMHJLHVLTWYLNVVZZ\IZxKPVZ
ZVJPHPZKLX\L¸ILULÄJPHT¹,UqVtZ}UqVJOLNHYUqVZqVLZ[HZHZWLYN\U[HZHMHaLY6X\LPTWVY[H
HU[LZKLTHPZtWLYN\U[HYSOLZZLLZ[qVPU[LYLZZHKHZLTHWYLUKLYV\KLZLU]VS]LYHZ\HWVZZPIPSPKHKL
KL¸SLYHWHSH]YH¹-YLPYL 4HJLKV LTHsLZKLWYVTVsqVKHSP[LYHJPH[HTItTKLZPNUHKHZKL
HSMHIL[PaHsqVLKLW}ZHSMHIL[PaHsqV
+P[VPZ[VMHYmZLU[PKVHZZ\TPYX\L[VKHZHZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZULJLZZP[HTKLZLYWVY[HKVYHZKL¸JVT
WL[vUJPHZ ImZPJHZ¹ V\ ¸JOH]L¹ WYtKL[LYTPUHKHZ X\HZL ZLTWYL KLZJVU[L_[\HSPaHKHZ UV [LTWV L UV
LZWHsVKLSP[LYHJPHKLU\TLYHJPHKLUV]HZ[LJUVSVNPHZ&7VYX\LUqVHZZ\TPTVZX\LImZPJVZZqVV\[YVZ
ZHILYLZKP[VZ[YHKPJPVUHPZZLQHUHHNYPJ\S[\YHUHWLZJHUHTZPJHUVHY[LZHUH[VUHZHY[LZUHJ\S[\YH
WVW\SHY&+L]xHTVZYLJVUOLJLYZLT¸IHZPZTV¹ULT¸LSP[PZTV¹-YLPYL WX\LHJ\S[\YHUqVt
HWLUHZHX\PSVX\LZL]LY[LKLMVYTHLZJYP[H,X\LHJ\S[\YHUqVtHSNVZPUN\SHYZLT[LTWVULTS\NHYWVY
PZZVKL]xHTVZMHSHYHU[LZKLJ\S[\YHZZP[\HKHZOPZ[}YPJHLNLVNYHÄJHTLU[L5qVZPNUPÄJHPZ[VKPaLYX\L
KL]HTVZHNVYHYLPÄJHYVZLUZVJVT\TVZHILYKLL_WLYPvUJPHMLP[VLKLZ]HSVYPaHYHJPvUJPHVJVUOLJP
TLU[VJPLU[xÄJVHZJ\S[\YHZKP[HZJSmZZPJHZLY\KP[HZ¸KVTPUHU[LZ¹-YLPYL WV\¸LSHIVYHKHZ¹
JVTVUHLZ[LPYHKL.LVYNLZ:U`KLYZKPZZL-YLPYL W!
4
*VUZ[P[\PsqV KH 9LWISPJH 7VY[\N\LZH =00 9L]PZqV KL JVUZ\S[HKH LT O[[WZ!^^^WHYSHTLU[VW[3LNPZSHJHV
7HNPUHZ*VUZ[P[\PJHV9LW\ISPJH7VY[\N\LZHHZW_LT
¸*VTV UqV Om [HTItT JVTV UqV YLWL[PY X\L WHY[PY KV ZHILY X\L VZ LK\JHUKVZ [LUOHT UqV
ZPNUPÄJHÄJHYNPYHUKVLT[VYUVKLZ[LZHILY7HY[PYZPNUPÄJHWYZLHJHTPUOVPYZLKLZSVJHYZLKL
\TWVU[VHV\[YVLUqVÄJHYWLYTHULJLY1HTHPZKPZZLJVTVnZ]LaLZZ\NLYLTV\KPaLTX\LL\
KPZZLX\LKL]LYxHTVZNPYHYLTIL]LJPKVZLT[VYUVKVZHILYKVZLK\JHUKVZJVTVHTHYPWVZH
LT]VS[HKHS\a7HY[PYKVºZHILYKLL_WLYPvUJPHMLP[V»WHYHZ\WLYmSVUqVtÄJHYULSL¹-YLPYL
W
(ZWLZZVHZHK\S[HZKPaLTJVTMYLX\vUJPHX\L\TKVZLMLP[VZTHPZL]PKLU[LZKHWHY[PJPWHsqVLT
PUPJPH[P]HZ KL LK\JHsqV L MVYTHsqV WHZZH WVY ZL ZLU[PYLT THPZ JHWHaLZ KL HQ\KHY VZ ÄSOVZ UH LZJVSH
(TVYPT " *HYULPYV L[ HS :LT X\LYLY KLZTLYLJLY H PTWVY[oUJPH KL [HS LMLP[V JYLPV
X\LHLK\JHsqVKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZKL]LWYVJ\YHY[HTItTV\[YVZPTWHJ[VZTHPZKPYL[VZZVIYLHWY}WYPH
WLZZVHHK\S[H!UHJ\S[\YHX\LNVZ[HYPH¶LWLYTP[HTTLZ\ISPUOHY]P]HTLU[LLZ[LZLU[PKVKLHNvUJPHX\L
KL]LUqVZ}ZLYYLJVUOLJPKVJVTVWYVTV]PKV¶KLKLZLU]VS]LYLHWYVM\UKHYUHJPKHKHUPHLUVJP]PZTV
UV[YHIHSOVLUVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[V]VJHJPVUHSUHZ\HPKLU[PKHKLLUHJVTWSL_PÄJHsqVKHZ\HSLP[\YHKV
T\UKV(ZZPTUqV]LQVX\LZLQHSLNx[PTVLZ[HILSLJLYHX\LSLZX\LZqVVZZHILYLZImZPJVZX\LVZHK\S
[VZKL]LTWVZZ\PYLKLTVUZ[YHY(VPU]tZKLWYVJ\YHYTVZHÄUHY\TYLMLYLUJPHSX\LZPY]HWHYH[VKHZHZ
WLZZVHZHK\S[HZKL]xHTVZLZMVYsHYUVZWHYHWLYJLILYHU[LZVX\LMHaZLU[PKVLTJHKHJHZVLTJHKH
JVU[L_[VLZWLJxÄJV
(JVYYPKHLH\YNvUJPH
-Ha[LTWVT\P[V[LTWVH[tX\LHZHILKVYPHWVW\SHY]LTHSLY[HUKVWHYHHPTWVY[oUJPHKHSLU[PKqV
KHZLUZH[LaKHWVUKLYHsqVHVPU]tZKHWYLZZHKVZYLWLU[PZTVZ¯/mKP]LYZVZKP[HKVZHLZ[LYLZWLP[V!
¸KLWYLZZHLILTOmWV\JVX\LT¹¸KL]HNHYZL]HPHVSVUNL¹¯4HZOm\TLTLZWLJPHSX\LNVZ[HYPHKL
YLJVYKHY+PaHZZPT!¸]V\KL]HNHYX\L[LUOVWYLZZH¹5,YHPTWVY[HU[LX\LLZ[HPKLPHLZ[P]LZZLWYLZLU[L
ZLTWYLX\LHSN\tTKLZLUOHWVSx[PJHZKLWYVTVsqVKHSP[LYHJPHKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZ:}WVYHYYVNoUJPH
KLZTLYLJLTVZLZ[HPKLPHWVW\SHY[qVZmIPH
-PUHSTLU[LLHZZPT[LYTPUVPTWVY[HYmYLNPZ[HYJVTVH¸\YNvUJPH¹LH¸LTLYNvUJPH¹[LTLZ[HKVHZZV
JPHKHHPUPJPH[P]HZKL¸S\[H¹LKL¸LYYHKPJHsqV¹KL\T¸ÅHNLSVZVJPHS¹¶VHUHSMHIL[PZTVHPSP[LYHJPHHMHS[H
KLX\HSPÄJHsqVVH[YHZVLK\JHJPVUHS¶X\LTLZTVX\HUKVZLIHZLPHTLT¸IVHZPU[LUsLZ¹HJHIHT
WVYLUJOLYHPUKHTHPZ\TPUMLYUVKLWVSx[PJHZLWYm[PJHZPULÄJHaLZJVTYLZ\S[HKVZT\P[VHX\tTKVLZWL
YHKVLTHYJHKHZWVY\THLUVYTL]VSH[PSPKHKL!KLWYLZZHZLWHZZHKL\TNYHUKLPU]LZ[PTLU[VLLZMVYsV
UHJPVUHSHVTHPVYKVZKLZPU]LZ[PTLU[VZU\TQVNVZVJPHSPUÄUKVLT\P[VWLUHSPaHKVYKHZWLZZVHZTHPZ
KLZMH]VYLJPKHZL]\SULYm]LPZHVQLP[VKL\TPYYLZWVUZm]LSILTTLX\LYTHSTLX\LYUVX\HSWHYHJHKH
ILTOmZ\JLZZP]HZYLWL[PsLZKLTHSTLX\LYLTYLSHsqVnLK\JHsqVKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZ
9LMLYvUJPHZIPISPVNYmÄJHZ
(TVYPT17O impacto da educação e formação de adultos no desenvolvimento vocacional e da

cidadania – A Metamorfose das Borboletas3PZIVH!+PYLJsqV.LYHSKV,TWYLNVLKHZ9LSHsLZKL
;YHIHSOV4PUPZ[tYPVKV;YHIHSOVLKH:VSPKHYPLKHKL:VJPHS
(TVYPT 1 7 Literacy in Portugal: Country report. Adults 2SU! ,305,; ¶ ,\YVWLHU 3P[LYHJ`
7VSPJ`5L[^VYR [O[[W!^^^LSPUL[L\ÄSLHKTPU,305,;9LKHR[PVU\ZLYF\WSVHK(K\S[ZF7VY[\NHSF3VUN
F9LWVY[FWKMD
(TVYPT17(MVYTHsqVKLLK\JHKVYLZHZKLWLZZVHZHK\S[HZLT7VY[\NHS!T\P[VTHPZHNvUJPH
KVX\LLZ[Y\[\YH&0U(9PHS:mUJOLa4=HSJHYJL-LYUmUKLa 39LNV(NYHZV*VVYKZA formación,
HVYPLU[HJP}ULVLTWYLNVUVYLJV|LJLTLU[VH]HSPHJP}ULJLY[PÄJHJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZ
adquiridas en contextos formais, non formais e informais. Actas do XVII Congreso Internacional de
Galicia e Norte de Portugal de Formación para o Traballo WW <UP]LYZPKHK KL :HU[PHNV KL
*VTWVZ[LSH
(TVYPT174H[\YLZ[\KLU[Z»HJJLZZ[VOPNOLYLK\JH[PVU!(JYP[PJHSHUHS`ZPZVM[OLPTWHJ[VM[OL
WVSPJ`PU7VY[\NHSEuropean Journal of EducationB+60!LQLKD
*VTVYLNPZ[HKVWVY(SMYLKVKH*\UOHUV¢]VS\TLKL¸+P[HTLZL+P[tYPVZ!NSVZHZLT]LYZVKLKP[HKVZV\KPaLYLZJV
5
T\UZ¹W\ISPJHKVLT WLSH,TWYLZH5HJPVUHSKL7\ISPJPKHKLO[[W!W\YSW[ S]S]FP[LTS

]F7+-S]F7+-F*9S]FFJHWHJHWHF[*9WKMLT
)LUH]LU[L(*VVYK9VZH(*VZ[H(-KHÍ]PSH7 A Literacia em Portugal: resultados de
\THWLZX\PZHL_[LUZP]HLTVUVNYmÄJH3PZIVH!-\UKHsqV*HSV\Z[L.\SILURPHUL*VUZLSOV5HJPVUHS
de Educação.
*HYULPYV9*VVYKL[HSIniciativa Novas Oportunidades: resultados da Avaliação Externa
2009-20103PZIVH!(58
*HYULPYV9*VVYKL[HSAccreditation of prior learning as a lever for lifelong learning: lessons
learnt from the New Opportunities Initiative, Portugal3PZIVH!<5,:*64,5655L[^VYR*,7*,7
¶*LU[YVKL,Z[\KVZKVZ7V]VZL*\S[\YHZKL,_WYLZZqV7VY[\N\LZHL<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJH7VY[\
guesa.
,</PNO3L]LS.YV\WVM,_WLY[ZVU3P[LYHJ`Final Report of the EU High Level Group of
Experts on Literacy3\_LTIV\YN!7\ISPJH[PVUZ6ѝJLVM[OL,\YVWLHU<UPVU
-YLPYL7 4HJLKV+ Alfabetização: leitura do mundo leitura da palavra:qV7H\SV!7HaL;LYYH
-YLPYL 7 Pedagogia do Oprimido 7VY[V! (MYVU[HTLU[V -YLPYL 7 Política e Educação!
LUZHPVZ:qV7H\SV!*VY[La
-YLPYL7 Pedagogia da Esperança: um reencontro com a Pedagogia do Oprimido:qV7H\SV!7Ha
e Terra.
-YLPYL7Ação Cultural para a Liberdade e outros escritos:qV7H\SV!7HaL;LYYH.VYa(UKYt
O Imaterial: conhecimento, valor e capital :qV 7H\SV! (UUHIS\TL .YV[SZJOLU (
3P[LYHJ`SL]LS0HUKILSV^]LYZ\ZSP[LYHJ`SL]LS0=HUKHIV]L0U[LYUH[PVUHSYLZ\S[ZYLNHYKPUNWHY[PJPWH[PVU
PUHK\S[LK\JH[PVUZeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung- Report39
.YV[SZJOLU ( 4HSSV^Z + 9LKLY : :HIH[PUP 1 (K\S[Z ^P[O 3V^ 7YVÄJPLUJ` PU 3P[LYHJ`
or Numeracy. OECD Education Working Papers No. 131 7HYPZ! 6,*+ 7\ISPZOPUN O[[W!K_KVP
VYNQT]IUTU_LU
.Y\WVKL4PZZqVWHYHV+LZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH,K\JHsqVL-VYTHsqVKL(K\S[VZS@bER+: pro-
grama para o desenvolvimento e expansão da educação e da formação de adultos, 1999-2006.
3PZIVH!(5,-(
/\_SL`( ZKA Ilha3PZIVH!3P]YVZKV)YHZPS
05,*LUZVZ9LZ\S[HKVZ+LÄUP[P]VZ¶7VY[\NHS3PZIVH!0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[H[xZ[PJH3PTH
3* (UV0U[LYUHJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqV !HUHSMHIL[PZTVM\UJPVUHSLW}ZHSMHIL[PaHsqV
0U 3 * 3PTH 6YN Educação de Adultos: Forum I WW )YHNH! <UP]LYZPKHKL KV 4PUOV
<UPKHKLKL,K\JHsqVKL(K\S[VZ
4HSSV^Z+ 3P[Z[LY13P[LYHJ`HZZ\WWS`HUKKLTHUKZeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung –
Report, 39
4VYPU,KNHYOs sete saberes para a educação do futuro3PZIVH!0UZ[P[\[V7PHNL[5}]VH(
Evidentemente. Histórias da Educação7VY[V!(ZH
6,*+Literacy in the Information Age: Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey7HYPZ!
6,*+
6,*+OECD Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills6,*+7\ISPZOPUN
O[[W!K_KVPVYN LU
6,*+Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators6,*+7\ISPZOPUNO[[W!K_KVPVYN
LHNLU
6Y[LNH`.HZZL[ &&ZKA rebelião das massas3PZIVH!9LS}NPVK»ÍN\H
3. PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO “4.0”
– MEDIAÇÃO HUMANA E/OU ROBOTIZAÇÃO
Cláudia Almeida Pinto
*0**675*LU[YVKL-VYTHsqV
7YVÄZZPVUHSKH0UKZ[YPH
KL*VUZ[Y\sqV*P]PS
L6IYHZ7ISPJHZ
III – COMUNICAÇÕES
1. ORIENTAÇÃO, EMPREGO E EMPREGABILIDADES
Ana Vázquez-Rodríguez
.Y\WVKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U
,:*<3*(9LKL90,:
La movilidad
KL*VTWVZ[LSH internacional y el
desarrollo de
HUH]HaX\La'\ZJLZ
Jesús García-Álvarez
competencias para
,:*<3*(9LKL90,:
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
QLZ\ZNHYJPHHS]HYLa'\ZJLZ la empleabilidad de la
juventud
Resumen
+LZKL X\L SH +LJSHYHJP}U KL )VSVUPH O\IPLYH YLHÄY

THKVHSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYJVTVTV[VYJSH]LWHYHSH
WYVTVJP}U KL SH TV]PSPKHK KL SH JP\KHKHUxH ]HYPVZ OHU
ZPKVSVZH]HUJLZLU[tYTPUVZKLWYVTVJP}UKLWSHULZ`
WYVNYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHS[HU[VLUSHLK\JH
JP}U MVYTHS J\`V LQLTWSV TmZ KPYLJ[V HJ[\HSTLU[L LZ
LS WYVNYHTH ,YHZT\Z JVTV [HTIPtU LU SH UV MVYTHS
JVTVLZLSJHZVKLSVZWYVTV]PKVZKLZKLSHHKTPUPZ[YH
JP}UWISPJHHZVJPHJPVULZ`LU[PKHKLZWYP]HKHZ3HÄUH
SPKHKKLLZ[VZWYVNYHTHZLZTLQVYHYLSJHWP[HSO\THUV`
ZVJPHSH[YH]tZKLL_WLYPLUJPHZKLHWYLUKPaHQL]HSPVZHZLU
LSL_[YHUQLYVZPLUKVZ\ZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZWYPUJPWHSLZLU\UH
tWVJHKL]P[HSPUJLY[PK\TIYLSVZQ}]LULZLUKLZLTWSLV
,SVIQL[P]VKLLZ[L[YHIHQVLZHUHSPaHYSHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZ
LU [VYUV H SH TV]PSPKHK PU[LYUHJPVUHS ` SH LTWSLHIPSPKHK
,ZWLJxÄJHTLU[L ZL HOVUKHYmU LU HX\LSSHZ X\L OHNHU
TLUJP}UHSVZILULÄJPVZKLLZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZLUJ\HU
[VHSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`WYVMLZPVUHSKLSHQ\]LU[\K3VZ
YLZ\S[HKVZ JVUJS\`LU X\L SH PTWSPJHJP}U LU WYVNYHTHZ
KLTV]PSPKHKLZ\UHL_WLYPLUJPH[PSWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKL
JVTWL[LUJPHZ [YHUZ]LYZHSLZ LZWLJPHSTLU[L KL SHZ ]PU
J\SHKHZ JVU SH PU[LYJ\S[\YHSPKHK (KLTmZ LZ[HZ JVTWL
[LUJPHZ JVPUJPKLU JVU SHZ KLTHUKHKHZ WVY SVZ LTWSLH
KVYLZJVU[YPI\`LUKVHZxHPUJYLTLU[HYSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK
,UJVUQ\U[VSVZYLZ\S[HKVZSSL]HUHSHOPW}[LZPZKLX\LSH
WHY[PJPWHJP}ULULZ[L[PWVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZKLUV[HJPLY[VZ
YHZNVZ KL WLYZVUHSPKHK KL SVZ PTWSPJHKVZ Z\NPYPLUKV H
SVZLTWSLHKVYLZSHWV[LUJPHSPKHKKLSVZZ\QL[VZLUSHLT
WYLZH3VX\LZLWVZ[\SHWVY[HU[VLZX\LSHZHJJPVULZ
X\L[VTHLSLTWSLHKVYLZ[mUJVUKPJPVUHKHZWVYZ\WYVWPV
sistema de creencias.
Palabras clave: TV]PSPKHK PU[LYUHJPVUHS" JVTWL[LU
JPHZ"LTWSLHIPSPKHK"Q\]LU[\K
Audiencia tipo: HJHKtTPJVZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ KLKPJH
KVZHSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHS`LZ[\KPHU[LZNYHK\HKVZ
\UP]LYZP[HYPVZ

Introducción
,U \U JVU[L_[V KL PU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}U KL SHZ LJVUVTxHZ SH TV]PSPKHK ZL [PLUL WVY \U PUZ[Y\TLU[V
JSH]LWHYHSHPU[LYYLSHJP}UKLSHZJ\S[\YHZLULSJVU[L_[VL\YVWLV,ULZ[LZLU[PKVKLZKLX\LSH+LJSHYHJP}U
KL)VSVUPHLZ[PTHYHHSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYJVTV\UTV[VYWHYHWYVTV]LYSHTV]PSPKHKKLSHJP\KHKHUxH
KP]LYZVZOHUZPKVSVZWYVNYHTHZPTWSLTLU[HKVZJVULSVIQL[P]VKLX\LZ\ZLZ[\KPHU[LZHKX\PLYHUL_WL
YPLUJPHPU[LYUHJPVUHS,Z[VZWYVNYHTHZX\LZLPUJS\`LU[HU[VLULSmTIP[VKLSHLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSLZWLJPHS
TLU[LLUSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYVLUSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSJVTVLULSUVMVYTHSJVTVLZLSJHZVKLSVZ
WYVTV]PKVZKLZKLSHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}UWISPJH`LU[PKHKLZWISPJHZ`WYP]HKHZOHUJVU[YPI\PKVHSKLZHYYVSSV
WLYZVUHS`WYVMLZPVUHSKLSHQ\]LU[\KLU\UHtWVJHKL]P[HSPUJLY[PK\TIYL
,UJVUJYL[VLSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQV[VTHJVTVW\U[VKLWHY[PKHLSJVU[L_[VLJVU}TPJVHJ[\HSKVUKLSH
TV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZJVUJLIPKHJVTV\UHYLZW\LZ[HJSH]LHSKLZLTWSLVKLSVZQ}]LULZL\YVWLVZ
7VZ[LYPVYTLU[L`TLKPHU[LSHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZKPZWVUPISLZLULSmTIP[VUHJPVUHSL\YVWLVLPU[LYUHJPVUHS
ZLHUHSPaHLSPTWHJ[VWVZP[P]VX\LSHZHJJPVULZKLTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSKPZWVULUZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVWLY
ZVUHS`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSHQ\]LU[\K(ZPTPZTVLULZ[LHWHY[HKVZLYLHSPaHYm\UHJVUL_P}ULU[YLSHZ[LV
YxHZX\LL_WSPJHUSHZKLJPZPVULZKLJVU[YH[HJP}UWVYWHY[LKLSVZLTWSLHKVYLZ`SHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHS
1. La movilidad internacional en un contexto económico de incertidumbre:

una respuesta al desempleo juvenil en la Unión Europea
:PIPLUSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSOH[LUPKVZ\J\STLUHWHY[PYKLS*VUZLQV,\YVWLVKL3PZIVH
SH+LJSHYHJP}UKL)VSVUPH `SHPTWSHU[HJP}UKLS,ZWHJPV,\YVWLVKL,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVY,,,:SH
PU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}UKLSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY`HZLOHIxHJVU]LY[PKVLU\UHZ\U[VJSH]LLUSVZKLIH[LZ
`WVSx[PJHZKLZKL (SYLZWLJ[VSHPU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}U`SHNSVIHSPaHJP}UOHUZPKVLZ[PTHKVZJVTV
HZ\U[VZJSH]LZLU,\YVWHJ\HUKVSVZJHTIPVZLUSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY`LST\UKVKLS
[YHIHQVLZ[mUIHQVJVUZPKLYHJP}U;LPJOSLY
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVSHTV]PSPKHKKLLZ[\KPHU[LZW\LKLZLY\UHWHY[L]P[HSKLSHLZ[YH[LNPHWHYHSHHKX\PZP
JP}UKLSJHWP[HSLJVU}TPJVÒ\THUVWLYV[HTIPtU\UHWHY[LLZLUJPHSKLSHZLZ[YH[LNPHZKLPU[LYUHJPVUHSP
aHJP}UKLSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYHZxJVTVKLSVZLZ[HKVZ7VY[HU[VL_PZ[LUYHaVULZLJV
U}TPJHZHJHKtTPJHZJ\S[\YHSLZ`WVSx[PJHZWHYHMVTLU[HYSHTV]PSPKHKLZ[\KPHU[PS>PLYZ1LUZZLU
3VZ L_WLY[VZ LZ[mU KL HJ\LYKV JVU X\L LS WYPUJPWHS PTW\SZVY KL LZ[L tUMHZPZ LU SH TV]PSPKHK PU[LY
UHJPVUHSM\LLSt_P[VKLSWYVNYHTH,YHZT\ZKLZ[PUHKVHLZ[PT\SHY`HWV`HYSHTV]PSPKHK[LTWVYHSKLSVZ
LZ[\KPHU[LZKLU[YVKL,\YVWH;LPJOSLY ,Z[LWYVNYHTHJ\`VVYPNLUZLZP[HLU JVUZ[P[\`L\U
THYJVWYVWPJPVWHYHSHMVYTHJP}UJx]PJHLU[HU[VX\LWLYTP[LX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZZLILULÄJPLULK\JH[P]H
SPUNxZ[PJH`J\S[\YHSTLU[LKLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKLHWYLUKPaHQLLUV[YVZWHxZLZL\YVWLVZMVTLU[HSHJVVWL
YHJP}ULU[YLPUZ[P[\JPVULZ`JVU[YPI\`LHSHJYLHJP}UKL\UHJVT\UPKHKKLQ}]LULZ`M\[\YVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
J\HSPÄJHKVZ JVU ¸TLU[LZ HIPLY[HZ¹ ` L_WLYPLUJPH PU[LYUHJPVUHS LU[YL V[YVZ 3VYLUaV +LZKL Z\
JYLHJP}U`H\UX\LTmZKLTPSSVULZKLLZ[\KPHU[LZ`HOHUWHY[PJPWHKVLULZ[LWYVNYHTH[VKH]xHUVZLOH
Z\WLYHKVLSVIQL[P]VKLSKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZK\YHU[LZ\WLYxVKVKLLZ[\KPVZ`T\JOVTLUVZ
LS\UHTL[HLZ[HISLJPKHWVYSVZ4PUPZ[YVZKL,K\JHJP}UKLSVZWHxZLZÄYTHU[LZKLSH+LJSHYHJP}UKL
)VSVUPHLU3V]HPUHLU`YLJVUÄYTHKHLU)\JHYLZ[LU:V\[V6[LYV/\PZTHU)LLYRLUZKL
>P[ =\QPJ
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKLZ[LWYVNYHTHZLPUJS\`LLU,YHZT\Z\UHPUPJPH[P]HWHYHSHL[HWHX\L
LUNSVIH[VKVZSVZWYVNYHTHZKLZ[PUHKVZHSHLK\JHJP}USHMVYTHJP}U`SHQ\]LU[\KLU\UHTHYJHUPJH
(KLTmZWVYWYPTLYH]LaYLJVNL[VKHZSHZHJJPVULZKPYPNPKHZHSHLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHS
(ZxZLYLÅLQHLUZ\ZVIQL[P]VZYLSH[P]VZHSVZWYV`LJ[VZKLTV]PSPKHKPKLU[PÄJHUKVSHULJLZPKHKKL¸YLMVYaHY
SHZZPULYNPHZ`[YHUZPJPVULZLU[YLLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSLK\JHJP}UUVMVYTHSMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLTWSLV
`LZWxYP[\KLLTWYLZH¹*VTPZP}U,\YVWLH*VUZ\THYLSL]HUJPHLZ[LWYVNYHTHWYVT\L]LHJ[P
]PKHKLZ KL TV]PSPKHK [YHUZUHJPVUHS VYPLU[HKHZ H SVZ LK\JHUKVZ LZ[\KPHU[LZ LZ[\KPHU[LZ LU WYmJ[PJHZ
HWYLUKPJLZQ}]LULZ`]VS\U[HYPVZ`HSWLYZVUHSWYVMLZVYLZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZVKLV[YVZUP]LSLZMVYTHKVYLZ
[YHIHQHKVYLZLULSmTIP[VKLSHQ\]LU[\K`[YHIHQHKVYLZKLVYNHUPaHJPVULZHJ[P]HZLUSVZmTIP[VZKLSH
LK\JHJP}USHMVYTHJP}U`SHQ\]LU[\KJVU[HUKVJVUSVZZPN\PLU[LZVIQL[P]VZ!
·(WV`HYSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLYLZ\S[HKVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLJVUVJPTPLU[VZOHIPSPKHKLZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZ
JVU]PZ[HZHTLQVYHYZ\KLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHSZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}UJVTVJP\KHKHUVZHJ[P]VZLUSHZVJPL
KHK`Z\LTWSLHIPSPKHKLULSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQVL\YVWLV`M\LYHKLtS"
·(WV`HYLSKLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZX\L[YHIHQHULUSVZJHTWVZKLLK\JHJP}UMVYTH
JP}U`Q\]LU[\K"
·4LQVYHYSHJVTWL[LUJPHLUSLUN\HZL_[YHUQLYHZ"
·0UJYLTLU[HYSHZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U`SHJVTWYLUZP}UKLV[YHZJ\S[\YHZ`WHxZLZVMYLJPtUKVSLZSHVWVY[\
UPKHKKLJVUZ[Y\PYYLKLZKLJVU[HJ[VZPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ"
·(\TLU[HYSHZJHWHJPKHKLZLSH[YHJ[P]V`SHKPTLUZP}UPU[LYUHJPVUHSKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZHJ[P]HZLU
SVZmTIP[VZKLSHLK\JHJP}USHMVYTHJP}U`SHQ\]LU[\K"
·=LSHYWVY\UTLQVYYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHKX\PYPKHZK\YHU[LSVZWLYPVKVZKLHWYLU
KPaHQLLULSL_[YHUQLYV
,ULZ[LJVU[L_[VSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSZLWYLZLU[HJVTVSH¸TH`VYJ\YH¹WHYHHMYVU[HYLSKLZ
LTWSLVQ\]LUPSLULSJVU[L_[VL\YVWLV(ILYTHUU<UHZWLJ[VX\LUVKLILVI]PHYZLW\LZ[VX\L
ZP[VTHTVZJVTVYLMLYLUJPHSHZJPMYHZKLKLZLTWSLVYLSH[P]HZHSVZQ}]LULZKLH H|VZLULSWLYxVKV
[LTWVYHSKL HVIZLY]HTVZX\L,ZWH|HLZLSWHxZL\YVWLVJVUSHTLKPHTmZHS[HKLKLZ
LTWSLVQ\]LUPSKL[HZHTLKPHTPLU[YHZX\L7VY[\NHST\LZ[YHUP]LSLZJVTWHYHISLZJVUSVZWHxZLZ
L\YVWLVZKLSmYLHUVY[LVJLU[YHS5VVIZ[HU[LZPZLJVTWHYHUSHZ[HZHZKLKLZLTWSLVNSVIHSLZ
JVUSHZKLSNY\WVKLQ}]LULZL\YVWLVZKLILTVZYLJVYKHYX\LSVZWHxZLZPItYPJVZLZ[mUL_WLYPTLU[HUKV
LZ[HWYVISLTm[PJHKLTVKVNSVIHSKLTVKVX\LUVZVSVLZ[mHMLJ[HUKVHSNY\WVKLQ}]LULZLUWHY[PJ\SHY
*\L[V4HY[xU9VTmU4VYHS`4VYLUV(ZPTPZTVSHTV]PSPKHKLTLYNLKLU[YVKLS7HJ[V,\YVWLV
KLSH1\]LU[\KJVTV\UHWYPVYPKHKLU[YLV[YVZKVJ\TLU[VZL\YVWLVZ
5VVIZ[HU[LTmZHSSmKLLZ[HZPUPJPH[P]HZPTW\SZHKHZKPYLJ[HTLU[LWVYSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZSLNHSLZVWVY
[\UHZL\YVWLHZ[LULTVZSHM\LY[LYLWLYJ\ZP}UKLSHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}UUHJPVUHSH\[VU}TPJH`SVJHSHZxJVTV
KLLU[PKHKLZWISPJHZ`WYP]HKHZLUSHWYVTVJP}UKLKPZ[PU[HZHJJPVULZKLTV]PSPKHKJ\`VZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZ
WYPUJPWHSTLU[L OHU ZPKV SH Q\]LU[\K <U LQLTWSV JSHYV KLS HWV`V N\ILYUHTLU[HS KL SVZ WYVNYHTHZ KL
TV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ[\KPHU[PSZLZP[HLULS[YHIHQVKL7LYUH6YVZa1\THR\SV]2PZORLU[H`L]H`(Z
OPYILSV]J\`VZYLZ\S[HKVZZ\NPLYLUX\LMVTLU[HYWYVNYHTHZKLLZ[L[PWVW\LKLNLULYHYILULÄJPVZ
HSHYNVWSHaVWHYHSHPUMYHLZ[Y\J[\YHLK\JH[P]HUHJPVUHS\UHULJLZPKHKHWYLTPHU[LLUHSN\UVZWHxZLZX\L
ULJLZP[HUYLHSPaHY\UH[YHUZPJP}UKL\UHLJVUVTxHKLZ[PUHKHHSHLÄJPLUJPHH\UHVYPLU[HKHHSHPUUV]HJP}U
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVSVZWYVNYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHK¸ZVU\UHSxULHWV[LUJPHSKLHJ[\HJP}UWHYHMHJPSP[HYLSPU[LYJHT
IPVKLJVU[LUPKVZTL[VKVSVNxHZ`YLJ\YZVZ`WHYHWV[LUJPHYSHNLULYHJP}U`[YHUZTPZP}UKLJVUVJPTPLU[V¹
7PULKH4VYLUV`)LS]PZ
1\U[VHSHULJLZPKHKKLHKHW[HJP}UHSHZU\L]HZKLTHUKHZZVJPHSLZ`LJVU}TPJHZSHZHJJPVULZKL
TV]PSPKHKJ\TWSLU\UWHWLSJSH]LW\LZ[VX\LH[YH]tZKLLSSHZZLKLZHYYVSSHUOHIPSPKHKLZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZV
soft skills ]HSPVZHZWHYHLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS`X\LLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKYLWYLZLU[HU\UHNYHUVWVY[\UPKHKKL
KLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`WYVMLZPVUHSKLSHQ\]LU[\K5VWVKLTVZVS]PKHYX\LHS[VZUP]LSLZLK\JH[P]VZKLÄUPKVZ
JVU]LUJPVUHSTLU[LJVTVTmZH|VZKLLK\JHJP}UHJ[\HSTLU[LUVZVUZ\ÄJPLU[LZ"SHZZVJPLKHKLZTVKLY
UHZJVTWSLQHZLZ[mUKLTHUKHUKVJVTWL[LUJPHZLZWLJxÄJHZX\LW\LKLUZLYVI[LUPKHZWVYSHL_WLYPLUJPH
MVYTHJP}UVWVYV[YVZTLKPVZ.HYJxH(YHJPS =HUKLY=LSKLUJHZVKLSVZWYVNYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHK
*VTVWVKLTVZVIZLY]HYSHTV]PSPKHKZLWYLZLU[HKLZKLSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZWLY[PULU[LZJVTV\UHTL
KPKHLZWLJxÄJHWHYHHMYVU[HYLSKLZLTWSLVKLSHQ\]LU[\K,ULSZPN\PLU[LHWHY[HKVHUHSPaHYLTVZKPZ[PU[VZ
LZ[\KPVZKLU[YVKLSmTIP[VL\YVWLVLPU[LYUHJPVUHSX\LL_WSVYHUSHZWVZPISLZJVU[YPI\JPVULZX\LSVZWYV
NYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHKW\LKLU[LULYZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSHQ\]LU[\K
2. Movilidad internacional y juventud: evidencias en el desarrollo personal y la empleabilidad
3VZLZ[\KPVZKPZWVUPISLZX\LJVUJPLYULUHSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSOHUWYVM\UKPaHKVLUTS[PWSLZ
HZWLJ[VZLUJ\HU[VILULÄJPVZ`JVUKPJPVUHU[LZX\LOHUKL[LULYZLLUJ\LU[HHU[LZKLPU]LZ[PNHYSVZ
WV[LUJPHSLZILULÄJPVZX\LSVZQ}]LULZVI[PLULUKLLZ[HZHJJPVULZ7VY\USHKVL_PZ[LU\UHZLYPLKLMHJ
[VYLZX\LKL[LYTPUHUKPYLJ[HTLU[LSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULULZ[VZWYVNYHTHZ7L[aVSK`7L[LYYLHSPaHU
\UJVTWLUKPVKLLZ[VZMHJ[VYLZPKLU[PÄJHUKVJVTVWYPUJPWHSLZSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!LSUP]LSLK\JH[P]VKLSVZ
WHKYLZSHZOHIPSPKHKLZKLPKPVTHZL_PZ[LU[LZLSNtULYVLSKPZL|VKLSWYVNYHTHVSHZHJ[P[\KLZOHJPHLS
WHxZ YLJLW[VY (ZPTPZTV KLILTVZ YLJVYKHY X\L SHZ IHYYLYHZ ÄUHUJPLYHZ ZL JVUZ[P[\`LU JVTV WYPUJPWHS
IHYYLYHKLSHZWVZPIPSPKHKLZKLTV]PSPKHKKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ(SYLZWLJ[VLSS[PTVHUmSPZPZKLSWYVNYHTH
,YHZT\ZJVUJS\`LX\LSHZSPTP[HJPVULZÄUHUJPLYHZZVUHUTmZLSL]HKHZWHYHSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZJVUMHTPSPHZ
KLJVU[L_[VZUVHJHKtTPJVZ+LLZ[LTVKVTmZKLSKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZKLS:\Y`,Z[LKL,\YVWHUV
WHY[PJPWHUWVYLZ[HYHa}U*VTPZP}U,\YVWLH5VVIZ[HU[LSVZMHJ[VYLZX\LPUÅ\LUJPHUSHZHJ[P[\KLZ
OHJPHSHTV]PSPKHKKPÄLYLUWVYWHxZ>PLYZ1LUUZLUJHKH\UVJVUZ\JVTIPUHJP}UKLSHZJHYHJ[L
YxZ[PJHZZVJPVLJVU}TPJHZ`J\S[\YHSLZ:PU;H]HYLZ 5LH]L
7VYV[YVSHKVLULSZPN\PLU[L[YHIHQVZLYLJVNLUSVZILULÄJPVZKLSHZHJJPVULZKLTV]PSPKHKHIVYKHUKV
Z\ZKVZ[PWVSVNxHZWYPUJPWHSLZ!SHTV]PSPKHKOVYPaVU[HShorizontal mobility or non-degree mobility),X\LH[PLU
KLHLZ[\KPHYLU\UWLYxVKVJVY[VKL[PLTWVH[YH]tZKLSX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZJVTWSL[HUHSN\UVZT}K\SVZ
VJ\YZVZKLMVYTHJP}UWLYVUVLS[V[HSKL\UNYHKV"`SHTV]PSPKHK]LY[PJHSvertical mobility or degree mo-
bilityX\LZLYLÄLYLHLZ[\KPHYLULSL_[YHUQLYVWHYHLS[V[HSKL\UNYHKV)Y\Z :JOVSa*HILOHJLY
TLUJP}UX\LHSN\UVZWYVNYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHKLULSmTIP[VKLSHLK\JHJP}UUVMVYTHS[HTIPtUZLPUJS\`LU
KLU[YVKLSHTV]PSPKHKOVYPaVU[HSLZ[VLZZL[YH[HUKLHJJPVULZMVYTH[P]HZVKLWYmJ[PJHZSHIVYHSLZJVU
\UHK\YHJP}UKL[LYTPUHKH`WVYSV[HU[VZVU[LTWVYHSLZ
3HYLSHJP}ULU[YLSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHS`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHK[VKH]xHUVLZJSHYH`LZX\LJVU[HTVZ
JVULZJHZHZL]PKLUJPHZLTWxYPJHZX\LHOVUKLULULZ[HYLSHJP}U*YVZZTHU *SHYRL7VYLTWSLH
IPSPKHKLU[LUKLTVZLSJHWP[HSO\THUVLSJHWP[HSZVJPHSSVZJVTWVY[HTPLU[VZPUKP]PK\HSLZ`SVZH[YPI\[VZ
ZVIYLSVZX\LZLIHZHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKPUKP]PK\HSWLYJPIPKHLU\UJVU[L_[VSHIVYHS`X\LLUJVTIPUHJP}U
PUÅ\LUJPHUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLLTWSLV*SHYRL
,UWHY[PJ\SHYSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSW\LKLZLYJVUZPKLYHKHJVTV\UHPU]LYZP}UHKPJPVUHSLULSJH
WP[HSO\THUV`HX\LZLLZWLYHX\LOHIPSPKHKLZLZWLJxÄJHZJVTVSHZOHIPSPKHKLZKLPKPVTHZL_[YHUQLYVZ
LSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZPU[LYJ\S[\YHSLZZLHKX\PLYHUH[YH]tZKLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZLULS
L_[YHUQLYV=HU4VS(KLTmZSHTV]PSPKHKLZ]PZ[HWVYSVZWYVWPVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZJVTV\UHL_WLYPLU
JPHX\LJVUÄYTHX\LW\LKLU]P]PYLULSL_[YHUQLYV\UHMVYTH]HSVYHISLKLH\[VJVUVJPTPLU[VX\LKLILU
[LULYWHYHWVKLYI\ZJHY[YHIHQVLUV[YVWHxZ(Z\]LaV[YHZKLSHZYHaVULZX\LTV[P]HUHSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ
H]VS]LYZLT}]PSLZZL]PUJ\SHUJVULSKLZHYYVSSVPUKP]PK\HSJVUHKX\PYPYU\L]HZJVTWL[LUJPHZTHK\YLa
SHH\[VUVTxHWLYZVUHSVLSKLZHYYVSSVHJHKtTPJVNYHJPHZHJVUZLN\PYSHVWVY[\UPKHKKLLZ[\KPHYLU\UH
\UP]LYZPKHKWYLZ[PNPVZHL\YVWLH:PU;H]HYLZ 5LH]L
.YHUWHY[LKLSHSP[LYH[\YHKPZWVUPISLOHPU]LZ[PNHKVLSPTWHJ[VWVZP[P]VX\LSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKLTV
]PSPKHK PU[LYUHJPVUHS [PLULU ZVIYL SHZ KLUVTPUHKHZ soft skills JVTV W\LKL ZLY LS KVTPUPV KL \U PKPVTH
L_[YHUQLYV)YHJO[L[HSSHHWLY[\YHJ\S[\YHS`LSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS)SHJR +\OVULUSH
JVTWL[LUJPHZVJPHS`Jx]PJH7HPNL-Y`:[HSSTHU1VZPJ 1VU `LUNLULYHSLUSHZOHIPSPKHKLZJVN
UP[P]HZHMLJ[P]HZ`JVUK\J[\HSLZ9VV[ 5NHTWVYUJOHP
<UVKLSVZLMLJ[VZWVZP[P]VZTmZMYLJ\LU[LTLU[LLZ[\KPHKVZLZLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHPU[LY
J\S[\YHSWHYHVWLYHYLMLJ[P]HTLU[LLUJVU[L_[VZT\S[PJ\S[\YHSLZ(SN\UVZH\[VYLZOHUJVUZLN\PKVKPZJLYUPY
X\LLZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZ[PLULU\UPTWHJ[VWVZP[P]VPUTLKPH[VHJVY[VWSHaV9L_LPZLU(UKLYZVU3H^[VU
/\IIHYKKL[HSTVKVSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZL_WYLZHUX\LLZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZSVZHUPTHUH[LULY¸\UH
HWLY[\YHTLU[HS¹ZLYTmZWHJPLU[LZ`ÅL_PISLZVMYLJPtUKVSLZ\UHWVKLYVZHVWVY[\UPKHKKLHWYLUKPaHQL
PU[LYJ\S[\YHS9VV[ 5NHTWVYUJOHP5VVIZ[HU[LUVWVKLTVZJVUZPKLYHYX\L\UHTLYHPUTLYZP}U
LUV[YHJ\S[\YHW\LKL[YHUZMVYTHYZLLU\UHJVTWL[LUJPHPU[LYJ\S[\YHS(ILYTHUU"9VV[ 5NHTWVY
UJOHP+L[HSTVKVLSPTWHJ[VX\L[PLULULZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZW\LKLZLYTLQVYHKVH[YH]tZKLSHWV`V
KLSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSÙVMVYTHSYLZWVUZHISLZ
:PN\PLUKVH4LZLLSPUR4HLSL`:WLUJLY6H[L`WHYHX\LSHJVTWL[LUJPHPU[LYJ\S[\YHSTLQVYLSH
LTWSLHIPSPKHKLZM\UKHTLU[HSLSHWV`VJVUZ[HU[LWVYWHY[LKLSVZLK\JHKVYLZPTWSPJHKVZ,UJVUJYL[V
ZLOHJLPTWLYH[P]HSHTLQVYHKLLZ[VZWYVNYHTHZH[YH]tZKLJHTIPVZLUZ\KPZL|V`ZLN\PTPLU[VJVU
SHÄUHSPKHKKLX\LZLHSJHUJL\UPTWHJ[VTmZHKLJ\HKVLULSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHWYLUKPaHQLPU[LYJ\S[\YHSKL
SVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ0N\HSTLU[LZLJVUJPLY[HSHULJLZPKHKKLOHJLYSVZJVUZJPLU[LZTLKPHU[LKPZ[PU[HZHJ
[P]PKHKLZWHYHLZ[LÄUKLX\tOHUHWYLUKPKV`H`\KHYSLZH[YHZSHKHYSVLUJVTWL[LUJPHZJVUJYL[HZX\L
JVU[YPI\`HUHZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHK
,ZPTWVY[HU[LTLUJPVUHYX\LSVZLMLJ[VZKLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZLULSL_[YHUQLYVZLPUJYLTLU[HUJ\HUKV
SVZWLYxVKVZKLLZ[\KPVLUV[YVWHxZZLYLÄLYLUH\UH|VLU[LYV+^`LYJVUJS\`LX\LHTH`VY[PLT
WVLULSL_[YHUQLYVSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZW\LKLUHSJHUaHYTH`VYLZILULÄJPVZZVIYL[VKVLULSJHZVKLSHTL
QVYHKLSHH\[VJVUÄHUaH[VSLYHUJPHHSHHTIPNLKHK`THK\YHJP}U(KLTmZSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZX\LYLHSPaHU
TV]PSPKHK]LY[PJHSPUMVYTHULUTH`VYTLKPKHX\LZ\L_WLYPLUJPHLULSL_[YHUQLYV[PLUL\UPTWHJ[VK\YHKLYV
LUJ}TV]LULST\UKV5VVIZ[HU[LLSYLZ[VKLWHY[PJPWHU[LZX\LYLHSPaHUTV]PSPKHKJVU\UHK\YHJP}UKL
HSTLUVZZLTHUHZ[HTIPtUT\LZ[YHUJSHYHZTLQVYHZLUmYLHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVULS\ZVKLSPKPVTHSVNYV
HJHKtTPJVKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHSLPU[LYJ\S[\YHS`SHZLSLJJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ,Z[LLZ[\KPVHKLTmZPS\Z[YH
X\LLZ[LPTWHJ[VZLW\LKLZVZ[LULYWVY\UWLYxVKVKLH|VZ
(\UHZxLZJSHYVLSPTWHJ[VKLSVZWYVNYHTHZKLK\YHJP}UTLUVYH\UH|VLULSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS
KLZ\ZWHY[PJPWHU[LZJVTVLZLSJHZVKLNYHUWHY[LKLSVZWYVTV]PKVZKLZKLSHLK\JHJP}UUVMVYTHS<U
LQLTWSVKLLSSVLZLSWYVNYHTHGaleuropaWYVTV]PKVKLZKLSHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}UH\[VU}TPJHKLSH*VT\UP
KHK(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPH1\Z[HTLU[LLUSHL]HS\HJP}USSL]HKHHJHIVKLLZ[LWYVNYHTHZLKLT\LZ[YH
\UHTLQVYHWH[LU[LLUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZZVIYL[VKVKLHX\LSSHZ]PUJ\
SHKHZJVUSHPU[LYUHJPVUHSPaHJP}UJVT\UPJHYZLLU\UHSLUN\HL_[YHUQLYHZLU[PYZLJ}TVKVLU\UHTIPLU[L
PU[LYUHJPVUHS`HKHW[HYZLJVUMHJPSPKHKHV[YVZHTIPLU[LZJ\S[\YHSLZ(ZPTPZTVSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLULZ[L
WYVNYHTHJVUZPKLYHUX\LZ\PTWSPJHJP}UOHPUÅ\PKVMH]VYHISLTLU[LLUZ\ZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSSVZTV[P]}WHYH
I\ZJHYLTWSLVKLMVYTHTmZHJ[P]HLPUJS\ZVTLQVY}Z\ZWLYZWLJ[P]HZSHIVYHSLZ`]VJHJPVUHSLZ:HU[VZ
9LNV3VYLUaV`=maX\La9VKYxN\La,Z[L[YHIHQVZLT\LZ[YHLUJVUZVUHUJPHJVUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZ
VI[LUPKVZWVY7HPNLL[HS X\PLULZLUJVU[YHYVUX\L\UKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLUWYVNYHTHZKL
TV]PSPKHKPU[LYUHJPVUHSJVUZPKLYHIHUX\LZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}UOHIxHPUÅ\PKVLUZ\ZKLJPZPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
(\UX\LJVTVKLJxHTVZL_PZ[LULZJHZHZL]PKLUJPHZKLSPTWHJ[VKLLZ[VZWYVNYHTHZZVIYLSHLT
WSLHIPSPKHKHSN\UHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZOHUJVUZLN\PKVKHYS\aHLZ[HJVUL_P}U*VUYLSL]HUJPHLSLZ[\KPV
KL;YVVIVќ=HUKL)LYN`9H`THUJVUJS\`LX\LSVZLTWSLHKVYLZT\LZ[YHU\UHJSHYHWYLMLYLUJPH
WVY SVZ WYVNYHTHZ X\L [PLULU JVTV JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJH HWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV V WYmJ[PJHZ SHIVYHSLZ (KLTmZ
JVUÄYTHX\LHX\LSSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZX\LVW[HUWVYLZ[\KPHYLULSL_[YHUQLYVLZ[mU[VTHUKV\UHKLJPZP}U
X\LW\LKL[LULY\UPTWHJ[VWVZP[P]VLUZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHKW\LZ[VX\LSVZLTWSLHKVYLZJSHYHTLU[L]HSVYHU
T\JOHZKLSHZJ\HSPKHKLZLZWLJPHSTLU[LSHZOHIPSPKHKLZX\LSVZLK\JHKVYLZPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ]PUJ\SHUJVU
LZ[\KPHYLULSL_[YHUQLYV6[YV[YHIHQVKLNYHUZPNUPÄJHJP}ULZLSSPKLYHKVWVY7L[aVSKX\LJVUJS\`L
X\LLZ[\KPHYLULSL_[YHUQLYVHIYL]PHLS[PLTWVKLYLZW\LZ[HLUSVZWYVJLZVZKLJVU[YH[HJP}U`H\TLU[HSH
WYVIHIPSPKHKKLZLYPU]P[HKVH\UHLU[YL]PZ[HKL[YHIHQV(ZPTPZTVHTIVZLZ[\KPVZJVUJS\`LUX\LLZ[HZ
L_WLYPLUJPHZ ZVU TmZ ]HSVYHKHZ ZP SHZ LTWYLZHZ [PLULU \U JHYmJ[LY PU[LYUHJPVUHS LZ[V LZ J\mU[V TmZ
NLULYHSHJVTWH|xHKLPUNYLZVZLULSL_[YHUQLYVLZTmZWYVIHISLX\L]HSVYLULZ[L[PWVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ
7VYZ\WHY[L>PLYZ1LUUZLULUZ\JVTWHYHJP}UKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZLU[tYTPUVZKLLTWSLHIPSP
KHK`HZ\U[VZKLLTWSLVKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZÙVT}]PSLZLU5VY\LNHYLJVNLX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ
T}]PSLZ[PLULUZHSHYPVZTmZHS[VZX\LHX\LSSVZX\LUVYLHSPaHUHJ[P]PKHKLZKLTV]PSPKHK(KLTmZ`LU
JVUZVUHUJPHJVUSVZLZ[\KPVZHU[LYPVYTLU[LWYLZLU[HKVZZLKL[LYTPUHX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZ[PLULU
\UHTH`VYWYVIHIPSPKHKKL[YHIHQHYLUJVTWH|xHZKLmTIP[VPU[LYUHJPVUHSHZxJVTVKLI\ZJHY`LUJVU
[YHYLTWSLVLULSL_[YHUQLYVKLZW\tZKLSHNYHK\HJP}U5VVIZ[HU[LLULSJVU[L_[VSHIVYHSKLLZ[LWHxZ
L\YVWLVLZ[HH\[VYHYLJ\LYKHX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZ[HTIPtUW\LKLULUJVU[YHYZLYPHZSPTP[HJPVULZ
J\HUKVHJJLKLUHSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSKLSWHxZKLVYPNLUWVYLQLTWSV[HYKHUKVTH`VY[PLTWVLULUJVU[YHY
Z\WYPTLYLTWSLV
:PHUHSPaHTVZLZ[LJVUQ\U[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZKLZKL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HNSVIHSSVZYLZ\S[HKVZUVZSSL]HU
HSHOPW}[LZPZKLX\LSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULULZ[L[PWVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZKLUV[HJPLY[VZYHZNVZKLWLYZVUHSPKHK
KL SVZ PTWSPJHKVZ Z\NPYPLUKV H SVZ LTWSLHKVYLZ SH WVZPISL WV[LUJPHSPKHK KL SVZ Z\QL[VZ KL SH LTWYLZH
,SSVLZHWV`HKVWVY=HU4VSKLJSHYHUKVX\LLSOLJOVKLTV]LYZLHSL_[YHUQLYVW\LKLZLY\UH
KLJPZP}UKLZHÄHU[LWHYHSVZQ}]LULZYLÅLQHUKV\UWLYÄSKLWLYZVUHSPKHKLZWLJxÄJVX\LLZHWYLJPHKVWVY
SVZLTWSLHKVYLZ
(ZPTPZTVLZL]PKLU[LSHJVUL_P}ULU[YLLTWSLHIPSPKHK`TV]PSPKHKZVIYL[VKVJ\HUKVH[LUKLTVZH
SHZLTWYLZHZKLJHYmJ[LYPU[LYUHJPVUHS,UJVUZVUHUJPHJVUSH[LVYxHKLSHZL|HSPaHJP}U:WLUJL ZV
IYLLSJ\HSSVZLTWSLHKVYLZYLHSPaHUSHZKLJPZPVULZKLJVU[YH[HJP}ULUIHZLHSHZJYLKLUJPHSLZOHIPSPKHKLZ
VL_WLYPLUJPHZWLYZVUHSLZ`WYVMLZPVUHSLZX\LSVZJHUKPKH[VZWVZLLU"HZxJVTVLUIHZLZVIYLZ\WYVWPV
ZPZ[LTHKLJYLLUJPHZ`SHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLSHLTWYLZH*HPZLLZWLYHX\LSHTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUH
JPVUHS[LUNH\ULMLJ[VT\`WVZP[P]VLUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLUWYVNYHTHZKLTV]PSPKHK
PU[LYUHJPVUHS,UJVUJYL[VLZ[LLMLJ[VKLJYLLUJPHZKLSVZLTWSLHKVYLZZLYm\UMHJ[VYJVUKPJPVUHU[LKLSH
LTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZJ\HUKVLZ[VZOHU[LUPKVL_WLYPLUJPHZWVZP[P]HZJVULZ[\KPHU[LZ
PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZKLMVYTHJP}ULUZ\WYVWPHLTWYLZH=HU4VSVJ\HUKVSHJVTWH|xHLZKLJHYmJ[LY
PU[LYUHJPVUHS7L[aVSK";YVIVќL[HS">PLYZ1LUZZLU`WVY[HU[V\UHKLZ\M\LU[LKL
PUNYLZVZWYPUJPWHSLZKLWLUKLKLSHZOHIPSPKHKLZKLPKPVTHZ`KL[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZKLZ\Z[YHIHQHKVYLZ
-PUHSTLU[LJVTWHY[PTVZSHOPW}[LZPZKL=HU4VSJ\HUKVYLÄLYLX\LLSHS[V]HSVYJVUJLKPKVH
LZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZW\LKLZLYKLIPKVHSHJYPZPZLJVU}TPJHHJ[\HS,ULZ[LZLU[PKVSVZLTWSLHKVYLZKPZWV
ULUKL\UNYHUJVUQ\U[VKLNYHK\HKVZX\LW\LKLUJVU[YH[HY`SHL_WLYPLUJPHPU[LYUHJPVUHSW\LKL[LULY\U
LMLJ[VM\LY[LKLZL|HSPaHJP}ULUHX\LSSVZWHxZLZLUKVUKLLSKLZLTWSLVLZTmZWYVU\UJPHKV
Conclusiones
,ULZ[L[YHIHQVZLOHULZ[\KPHKVSVZWVZPISLZILULÄJPVZX\LSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKLTV]PSPKHKPU[LYUH
JPVUHSKPZWVULUZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`SHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSHQ\]LU[\K\UJVSLJ[P]VM\LY[LTLU[L
HMLJ[HKV WVY LS KLZLTWSLV LU LS JVU[L_[V L\YVWLV ,U WHY[PJ\SHY ZL OH YLWVY[HKV \U PTWHJ[V WVZP[P]V
ZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHZKLUVTPUHKHZsoft ZRPSSZSHJVTWL[LUJPHJx]PJH`ZVJPHSPU[LYJ\S[\YHSLSKVTPUPV
KL\UHSLUN\HL_[YHUQLYHVSHH\[VUVTxHWLYZVUHSLU[YLV[YHZ7VYZ\WHY[LSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKLTV]PSPKHK
OHUKLTVZ[YHKV[LULY\ULMLJ[VLUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK,UWHY[PJ\SHYSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZPUMVYTHUX\LLZ[HZ
L_WLYPLUJPHZOHUPUÅ\PKVLUZ\ZKLJPZPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ(ZPTPZTVSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZT}]PSLZ[PLULU\UH
TH`VYWYVIHIPSPKHKKL[LULYPUNYLZVZZ\WLYPVYLZX\LSVZX\LUVOHUWHY[PJPWHKVLULZ[HZHJJPVULZ,U
JVUQ\U[V SVZ YLZ\S[HKVZ SSL]HU H SH OPW}[LZPZ KL X\L SH L_WLYPLUJPH PU[LYUHJPVUHS LZ \U ¸PUZ[Y\TLU[V KL
ZL|HSPaHJP}U¹LU\UJVU[L_[VKLJYPZPZLJVU}TPJH,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHSVZLTWSLHKVYLZZVIYL[VKVHX\LSSVZ
]PUJ\SHKVZHLTWYLZHZJVUJHYmJ[LYPU[LYUHJPVUHSYLSHJPVUHUSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULULZ[L[PWVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ
JVU\UWLYÄSLZWLJxÄJVKLWLYZVUHSPKHKX\LWVKYxHZLYILULÄJPVZVWHYHSHLTWYLZHSVX\LPUJYLTLU[HYxHSH
LTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZPTWSPJHKVZ3VX\LZLWVZ[\SHWVY[HU[VLZX\LSHZHJJPVULZX\L[VTHLSLTWSLHKVY
LZ[mUKL[LYTPUHKHZWVYZ\WYVWPVZPZ[LTHKLJYLLUJPHZ
Bibliografía
(ILYTHUU.0U[LYJ\S[\YHS3LHYUPUNPU:[\KLU[4VIPSP[`PU[OL,\YVWLHU/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU(YLH,U
.(ILYTHUU 4;HI\LUJH*\L]HZ,KZEducation for Workplace Diversity: What Universities and
Enterprises Can Do to Facilitate Intercultural Learning in Work Placements and Abroad WW
0SSPUVPZ!*VTTVU.YV\UK7\ISPZOLYZ
)SHJR; +\OVU+3(ZZLZZPUN[OL0TWHJ[VM)\ZPULZZ:[\K`(IYVHK7YVNYHTZVU*\S[\YHS
(^HYLULZZHUK7LYZVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[Journal of Education for Business
)YHJO[6,UNLS*1HUZVU26]LY(:JOVTI\YN/ ;LPJOSLY<). The Professional Value of
ERASMUS Mobility.(SLTHUPH!0U[LYUH[PVUHS*LU[YLMVY/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU9LZLHYJO
)Y\Z: :JOVSa*Promoting mobility: a study on the obstacles to study mobility)LYSxU!,:0)
¶;OL5H[PVUHS<UPVUZVM:[\KLU[ZPU,\YVWL
*HP@.YHK\H[LLTWSV`HIPSP[`!(JVUJLW[\HSMYHTL^VYRMVY\UKLYZ[HUKPUNLTWSV`LYZ»WLYJLW[PVUZ
Higher Education65
*SHYRL49L[OPURPUNNYHK\H[LLTWSV`HIPSP[`![OLYVSLVMJHWP[HSPUKP]PK\HSH[[YPI\[LZHUKJVU[L_[
Studies in Higher Education
*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHErasmus Impact Study: Regional Analysis3\_LTI\YNV!:LY]PJPVKL7\ISPJHJPV
ULZ6ÄJPHSLZKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLH
*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHErasmus +. Guía del Programa. )Y\ZLSHZ!(\[VY
*YVZZTHU 1 , *SHYRL 4 0U[LYUH[PVUHS L_WLYPLUJL HUK NYHK\H[L LTWSV`HIPSP[`! Z[HRLOVSKLY
WLYJLW[PVUZVU[OLJVUULJ[PVUHigher Education59
*\L[V)4HY[xU9VTmU(4VYHS( 4VYLUV(@V\[OLTWSV`TLU[PU[OL0ILYPHU*V\U[YPLZ
,U4(4HSV (4VYLUV4xUN\La,KZEuropean Youth Labour Markets. Problems and Policies
WW:\PaH!:WYPUNLY
+^`LY44VYLPZ)L[[LY!;OL0TWHJ[VM:[\K`(IYVHK7YVNYHT+\YH[PVUFrontiers: The Interdisci-
plinary Journal of Study Abroad
.HYJxH(YHJPS( =HUKLY=LSKLU9*VTWL[LUJPLZMVY`V\UN,\YVWLHUOPNOLYLK\JH[PVUNYHK\H
[LZ!SHIVYTHYRL[TPZTH[JOLZHUK[OLPYWH`VќZHigher Education
3VYLUaV4(MVYTHJP}UWHYHHJPKHKHUxHUH\UP]LYZPKHKL!YLÅL_P}UZHVYLKVYKVWYVNYHTH,YHZ
T\Z,U?9VKYxN\La9VKYxN\La*VVYKO programa Erasmus na construción da cidadanía europea.
Unha mirada dende Compostela WW :HU[PHNV KL *VTWVZ[LSH! :LY]PaV KL 7\ISPJHJP}UZ L
0U[LYJHTIPV*PLU[xÄJVKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
4LLZLSPUR/,=HU4HLSL1 :WLUJLY6H[L`/0U[LYJ\S[\YHSJVTWL[LUJPLZ!ÔH[Z[\KLU[ZPU
Z[\K`HUKWSHJLTLU[TVIPSP[`ZOV\SKILSLHYUPUNIntercultural Education26
7HPNL4-Y`.>:[HSSTHU,41VZPJ1 1VU1 :[\K`HIYVHKMVYNSVIHSLUNHNLTLU[![OL
SVUN[LYTPTWHJ[VMTVIPSP[`L_WLYPLUJLZIntercultural Education20
7LYUH36YVZa21\THR\SV]A2PZORLU[H`L]H4 (ZOPYILRV](<UKLYZ[HUKPUN[OLWYV
NYHTTH[PJHUKJVU[L_[\HSMVYJLZ[OH[PUÅ\LUJLWHY[PJPWH[PVUPUHNV]LYUTLU[ZWVUZVYLKPU[LYUH[PVUHS
Z[\KLU[TVIPSP[`WYVNYHTHigher Education
7L[aVSK2:[\K`PUN(IYVHKHZH:VY[PUN*YP[LYPVUPU[OL9LJY\P[TLU[7YVJLZZ!(-PLSK,_WLYPTLU[
(TVUN.LYTHU,TWSV`LYZJournal of Studies in International Education21
7L[aVSK2 7L[LY;;OLZVJPHSUVYT[VZ[\K`HIYVHK!KL[LYTPUHU[ZHUKLќLJ[ZHigher Educa-
tion
7PULKH74VYLUV4=`)LS]PZ,3HTV]PSPKHKKLSVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZLU,ZWH|H!LZ[\KPVZVIYLSH
WHY[PJPWHJP}ULUSVZWYVNYHTHZ,YHZT\Z`:PJ\LRevista de Educación,
9LP_LZLU 9 1 (UKLYZVU 7 / 3H^[VU 3 /\IIHYK ( * :[\K` (IYVHK HUK 0U[LYJ\S[\YHS
+L]LSVWTLU[!(3VUNP[\KPUHS:[\K` Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad
9VV[ , 5NHTWVYUJOHP ( ¸0 *HTL )HJR HZ H 5L^ /\THU )LPUN¹! :[\KLU[ +LZJYPW[PVUZ VM
0U[LYJ\S[\YHS*VTWL[LUJL(JX\PYLK;OYV\NO,K\JH[PVU(IYVHK,_WLYPLUJLZJournal of Studies in In-
ternational Education17
:HU[VZ9LNV4(3VYLUaV4`=maX\La9VKYxN\La(Educación no formal y empleabilidad
de la juventud. 4HKYPK!:xU[LZPZ
:PU*;H]HYLZ6 5LH]L.:[\KLU[4VIPSP[`PU7VY[\NHS!.YHWWSPUN>P[O(K]LYZP[`Journal of
Studies in International Education21
:V\[V6[LYV4/\PZTHU1)LLYRLUZ4KL>P[/ =\QPJ:)HYYPLYZ[V0U[LYUH[PVUHS:[\KLU[
4VIPSP[`,]PKLUJL-YVT[OL,YHZT\Z7YVNYHTEducational Researcher42
:WLUJL4 1VI4HYRL[:PNUHSSPUNThe Quartely Journal of Economics, 87
;LPJOSLY<0U[LYUH[PVUHS+PTLUZPVUZVM/PNOLY,K\JH[PVUHUK.YHK\H[L,TWSV`TLU[,U1(SSLU
9=HUKLY=LSKLU,KZ9LÅL_;OL-SL_PISL7YVMLZZPVUHSPU[OL2UV^SLKNL:VJPL[`!.LULYHS9LZ\S[Z
of the REFLEX Project WW :\PaH!:WYPUNLY
;LPJOSLY< 0U[LYUH[PVUHSPZH[PVUVMOPNOLYLK\JH[PVU!,\YVWLHUL_WLYPLUJLZ(ZPH7HJPÄJ,K\JH[PVU
Review10
;YVVIVќ:=HUKL)LYN4 9H`THU1,TWSV`LY([[P[\KLZ[V^HYK:[\K`(IYVHKFrontiers: The
Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad
=HU4VS*+VLTWSV`LYZ]HS\LPU[LYUH[PVUHSZ[\K`HUKPU[LYUZOPWZ&(JVTWHYH[P]LHUHS`ZPZVM
countries. Geoforum
>PLYZ1LUZZLU1)HJRNYV\UKHUK,TWSV`HIPSP[`VM4VIPSL]Z5VU4VIPSL:[\KLU[ZTertiary Edu-
cation and Management17
Cristina González
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH Interacción en redes
Lorente Mirian Martínez
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH
Juárez Micaela Sánchez
sociales sobre
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH
Martín Javier Pérez Cusó
contenidos de la
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH
Natalia González Morga
blogosfera
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH
Pilar Martínez Clares
de orientación laboral
<UP]LYZPKHKKL4\YJPH
Resumen
3H VYPLU[HJP}U SHIVYHS HWYV]LJOH SHZ [LJUVSVNxHZ KLS

HWYLUKPaHQL ` SH JVT\UPJHJP}U LU Z\ KLZHYYVSSV ` [YHIHQV
KPHYPV LZWLJPHSTLU[L WHYH TLQVYHY SHZ PU[LYHJJPVULZ LU
[YL WYVMLZPVUHSLZ ` \Z\HYPVZ ,Z[L [YHIHQV WYL[LUKL HUH
SPaHY WHY[L KL SHZ PU[LYHJJPVULZ X\L ZL WYVK\JLU LU [YLZ
YLKLZ ZVJPHSLZ -HJLIVVR 3PURLK0U ` ;^P[[LY LU YLSHJP}U
H KPMLYLU[LZ JVU[LUPKVZ W\ISPJHKVZ LU SH ISVNVZMLYH KL
VYPLU[HJP}U SHIVYHS :L HUHSPaHU \U [V[HS KL ISVNZ `
ZLPUKHNHU\U[V[HSKLWVZ[Z3VZYLZ\S[HKVZZL|H
SHU X\L HSN\UHZ JH[LNVYxHZ KL JVU[LUPKVZ NLULYHU TH
`VYLZ [HZHZ KL PU[LYHJJP}U! JVTWL[LUJPHZ [YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
IZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLV`YLKLZZVJPHSLZ:LJVUJS\`L
HÄYTHUKV X\L JVTWYLUKLY LS PU[LYtZ ` LS TVKV LU X\L
KPMLYLU[LZJH[LNVYxHZKLJVU[LUPKVWYV]VJHU[HU[VLUSVZ
\Z\HYPVZJVTVLUSVZSLJ[VYLZ`ZLN\PKVYLZKLSVZISVNZ
KLVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSWLYTP[PYmTLQVYHYSHPU[LYHJJP}ULU
SH ISVNVZMLYH ` VW[PTPaHY LZL LZWHJPV KL JVT\UPJHJP}U
LU\UHZVJPLKHKX\LULJLZP[HKLVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSWHYH
MH]VYLJLYSHHKHW[HJP}UHSJHTIPVJVUZ[HU[L
Introducción:
3HL]VS\JP}UKLSHZVJPLKHKLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZLZ[mTHYJHKHWVY\UKLZHYYVSSV[LJUVS}NPJVKLPU[LU
ZPKHK`YHWPKLaKPMxJPSTLU[LJVTWHYHISLJVUtWVJHZHU[LYPVYLZ,SHJ[\HSJHTIPVKLWHYHKPNTHKVUKLSH
PUUV]HJP}USHNSVIHSPaHJP}U`SHKPNP[HSPaHJP}UHWHYLJLUJVTV[YLZLQLZPU[LYYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUÄN\YHU\L]HZ
MVYTHZKL[YHIHQHY`YLSHJPVUHYZL`LZ[VZ\WVUL\UHU\L]HMVYTHKLJVU]P]PYLULSZPNSV??0
:LNULSS[PTV0UMVYTLZVIYLSVZH]HUJLZKPNP[HSLZLU,\YVWH*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHLS KL
SVZLTWSLVZL_PNLJPLY[VUP]LSKLJVTWL[LUJPHZKPNP[HSLZ`H\UX\LLSWYVNYLZVLZ[mZPLUKVSLU[VLS
KLZ\WVISHJP}U`HSHZTHULQHUKLTVKVZ\ÄJPLU[L,ULZ[LJVU[L_[VSHVYPLU[HJP}UKLZKLSHULJLZHYPH
JVUL_P}UX\LKLILTHU[LULYJVUSHZVJPLKHKLUSHX\LZL\IPJHUVW\LKLWLYTHULJLYPTWHZPISL3HZ
KLJSHYHJPVULZKLSH*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHKLZKL.V[LTI\YNYLÅLQHUSVZNYHUKLZYL[VZKLLZ[HHJJP}U
HU[LSHLYHKPNP[HSTHYJHKHWVYSH^LI`LSWV[LUJPHSKLSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZ
*VUZJPLU[LZKLSHKPNP[HSPaHJP}UKLS[YHIHQVSHVYPLU[HJP}UOHKLYP]HKVLU\UU\L]VJVU[L_[VKLPU
[LY]LUJP}U ` ZL L_WHUKL HS JPILYLZWHJPV :\Z WVZPIPSPKHKLZ KL HJJLZV HSTHJLUHTPLU[V [YH[HTPLU[V `
KPM\ZP}UKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UZLHTWSxHUHSH]LaX\LZLWYVK\JLSHY\W[\YHKLIHYYLYHZLZWHJPV[LTWVYHSLZ
KHUKVS\NHYH\UHVYPLU[HJP}UZPUSxTP[LZ,SWYVJLZVVYPLU[HKVYZLÅL_PIPSPaHWHYHVMYLJLYYLZW\LZ[HZTmZ
HKHW[HKHZHSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZULJLZPKHKLZ`KLTHUKHZKLZ\ZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZ
,U[YLSVZLZWHJPVZ^LIKLZ[PUHKVZHMH]VYLJLYLSPU[LYJHTIPVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZSHJVULJ[P]PKHKLPU[L
YHJ[P]PKHKLU[YLVYPLU[HKVY`VYPLU[HKVKLZ[HJHUSVZISVNZVIQL[VKLLZ[\KPVKLLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`LU
[LUKPKVZJVTVMVYVZWISPJVZKLKLIH[L`M\LU[LZHS[LYUH[P]HZKLPUMVYTHJP}UHZLZVYHTPLU[V`VYPLU[HJP}U
X\LZLJVUZ[Y\`LUJVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLLZ[HISLJLYJVT\UPKHKLZHSYLKLKVYKL[LTm[PJHZJYP[LYPVZVlabels
KLPU[LYtZ-SVYLZ,SJVUQ\U[VKLLZ[VZISVNZKHS\NHYHSLZWHJPV]PY[\HSKLUVTPUHKVSHISVNVZMLYH
(`HSH
3HWYVWHNHJP}UKLSVZISVNZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSOHZPKVYmWPKH`JVU[PU\HKLQHUKV
HSN\UVZKLZ\ZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZPUJHWHJPKHKKLYLHJJP}U`JVULZJHZHYLÅL_P}UZVIYLZ\HWSPJHJP}ULUSH
[YHKPJPVUHSPKHKKLSVZWYVJLZVZ:PULTIHYNVV[YVZOHUJHW[HKVZ\PTWVY[HUJPHWHYHSH]PZPIPSPKHKWYVML
ZPVUHS`ZVJPHSLU[LUKPLUKVX\LSHH\ZLUJPHKLSVYPLU[HKVYLULST\UKVVUSPULW\LKLPU[LYWYL[HYZLJVTV
\UHKLZJVU[L_[\HSPaHJP}UKLZ\ZM\UJPVULZHU[LSHZU\L]HZULJLZPKHKLZZVJPHSLZWLYZVUHSLZ`SHIVYHSLZ
7YVM\UKPaHUKVLUSHZWV[LUJPHSPKHKLZKLSHISVNVZMLYH7YLZ[PNKNLZL|HSHSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLHWSP
JHYLSISVNJVTVOLYYHTPLU[HKLYLÅL_P}UZVIYLSHWYVWPHWYmJ[PJHWYVMLZPVUHS*\HSX\PLYWLYZVUHW\LKH
JYLHYJVU[LUPKVZL_WYLZHYVKPM\UKPYZ\ZPKLHZ`WLYZWLJ[P]HZZVIYLJ\HSX\PLY[LTm[PJHKLTHULYHZLUJPSSH
`SPIYLKLJVZ[LZ1V\ ZH[PZMHJLYZ\ULJLZPKHKKLL_WYLZP}ULSPU[LYtZKLKHYJ\LU[HKLZ\L_PZ[LU
JPHHZxJVTVSHPU[LUJP}UKLJVUVJLYNLU[LÒHJLYZL]PZPISLLU[YLV[YVZ)HYYHaHWHYHH\TLU[HYSH
YLKKLJVU[HJ[VZ`VWVY[\UPKHKLZSHIVYHSLZ4HY[xULa.VUamSLa`7tYLaH|HKLUSHWVZPIPSPKHKKL
KLZHYYVSSHYWYVJLZVZVYPLU[HKVYLZ]PY[\HSLZH[YH]tZKL\UWYVJLZVPU[LYHJ[P]VX\LHWYV]LJOLSHLZ[Y\J[\YH
OPWLY[\_[\HSSHPUTLKPH[LaHJ[\HSPaHJP}UWLYTHULU[L`JVT\UPJHJP}UIPKPYLJJPVUHSJVULS\Z\HYPV
(\UX\LSH\[PSPKHKÌLULÄJPVZX\LHWVY[HSH^LILUNLULYHS`LUWHY[PJ\SHYSVZISVNZHSHVYPLU
[HJP}USHIVYHSZVUJ\HU[PVZVZSHZPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZX\LHIVYKHULSHWYV]LJOHTPLU[VLPTWHJ[VX\L[PLUL
LUZ\Z\Z\HYPVZ[VKH]xHZVULZJHZVZ(SN\UVZH]HUJLZYLHSPaHKVZLULZ[LZLU[PKVZVUSVZKL4HY[xULa
.VUamSLa7tYLa:mUJOLa.VUamSLa`4HY[xULaX\LHUHSPaHUSVZZLY]PJPVZX\LWYLZ[HULZ[HZWSH[H
MVYTHZ]PY[\HSLZLUSHVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS5VVJ\YYLSVTPZTVJVUSVZLZ[\KPVZLU[VYUVHSHISVNVZMLYH
KLZKLWLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZÒVSxZ[PJHZX\LZPUZLYHI\UKHU[LZZLOHUPUJYLTLU[HKVLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZ
)SVVK`/\LY[HZLZ[\KPHULSVYPNLU`[PWVSVNxHZKLSVZISVNZ-\TLYV`6YPO\LSH
SHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ`LZ[Y\J[\YHPU[LYUHKLLZ[HOLYYHTPLU[H)VYKPNUVT-LYYLYLZ`.HYYPKV
`.HYYPKV`3HYHZLJLU[YHULULSWLYÄSKLSISVN\LYVZPLUKV4HY[xULaL[HSX\PLULZYVTWLU
JVULZ[H[LUKLUJPHNLULYHSPZ[H`ZLHWYV_PTHUHSWLYÄSMVYTH[P]VKLSVYPLU[HKVYWYVMLZPVUHSLUSHISVNVZMLYH
(U[LSHULJLZPKHKKLZLN\PYHWVY[HUKVKH[VZLTWxYPJVZX\LYLJVUVaJHULSZLU[PKVKLSHYmWPKHL_
WHUZP}UKLSVZISVNZ`LSJHKH]LaTmZHTWSPVJVU[L_[V]PY[\HSKLSHVYPLU[HJP}ULZ[L[YHIHQVLUJ\HKYHKV
LU\ULZ[\KPVTmZHTWSPVWYL[LUKLHWVY[HYKH[VZZVIYLSHWYH_PZKLSVYPLU[HKVYSHIVYHSHUHSPaHUKVSVZ
JVU[LUPKVZX\LZL[YH[HULUSVZISVNZHZxJVTVHX\LSSVZX\LNLULYHUTH`VYPU[LYtZWVYSVZ\Z\HYPVZH
[YH]tZKLL_HTPUHYSHPU[LYHJJP}UX\LZLWYVK\JLLUSHZKPZ[PU[HZYLKLZZVJPHSLZFacebookTwitter`Linke-
dIn(IVYKHYLZ[LWYVW}ZP[VW\LKLWYVWVYJPVUHYPUMVYTHJP}UYLSL]HU[LZVIYLSHZ[LUKLUJPHZKLVYPLU[HJP}U
WYLVJ\WHJPVULZKLSVZ\Z\HYPVZ`LUKLÄUP[P]HOHJPHKVUKLLUMVJHYSHLVYPLU[HJP}UWHYHX\LZLH[PS`
ZH[PZMHJ[VYPHWHYHLS\Z\HYPV
Método:
7HYHHSJHUaHYSVZVIQL[P]VZWSHU[LHKVZLULZ[L[YHIHQVZLZPN\P}\UKPZL|VTP_[VKLJHYmJ[LYUVL_WL
YPTLU[HSKLZJYPW[P]V`[YHUZ]LYZHS
,S WYVJLKPTPLU[V ZLN\PKV OH JVUZ[HKV KL \UH ZLYPL KL MHZLZ X\L ZL KLZJYPILU H JVU[PU\HJP}U ,U
WYPTLY S\NHY ZL YLHSPa} \UH YL]PZP}U KL SH ISVNVZMLYH JVU LS VIQL[P]V KL SVJHSPaHY SVZ ISVNZ LU JHZ[LSSHUV
JVUJVU[LUPKVZWYPUJPWHSTLU[LKLVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSWHYHSVX\LZLLTWSLHYVU[HU[VI\ZJHKVYLZLZWL
JPHSPaHKVZ LU ISVNZ JVTV Technorati o Google Blog Search JVTV I\ZJHKVYLZ NLUtYPJVZ ` SVZ WYVWPVZ
LUSHJLZÌSVNYVSSZKLSVZTPZTVZISVNZHUHSPaHKVZ;YHZLSWYPTLYT\LZ[YLVX\LÄUHSPa}J\HUKVZLZH[\Y}
SHPUMVYTHJP}UÙVZ\YNxHUU\L]VZISVNZH[YH]tZKLSVZKPZ[PU[VZTLKPVZKLIZX\LKHZLWYVJLKP}H
LSPTPUHYSVZISVNZYLWL[PKVZHZxJVTVHX\LSSVZX\LUVJ\TWSxHUSVZJYP[LYPVZKLPUJS\ZP}ULZ[HYJLU[YHKVZ
LZWLJxÄJHTLU[LLUVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSÒHILYW\ISPJHKVHSTLUVZ\UWVZ[LULSTLZWYL]PVHST\LZ[YLV
+LJHKHISVNZLL_[YHQVPUMVYTHJP}UYLSL]HU[LLU[VYUVHKPMLYLU[LZ]HYPHISLZYLSHJPVUHKHZ[HU[VJVULS
YLZWVUZHISLKLSTPZTV`Z\MVYTHJP}UJVTVHSN\UHZ]HYPHISLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVULSUTLYVKLZLN\PKVYLZ
LUKPMLYLU[LZYLKLZZVJPHSLZHZxJVTV[VKVZSVZWVZ[W\ISPJHKVZLULSTHYJVKL[YLZTLZLZ+LJHKH\UV
KLKPJOVZWVZ[ZLYLJVNPLYVU[HU[VLSUTLYVKL]LJLZX\LM\LJVTLU[HKVLULSWYVWPVISVNJVTVLSU
TLYVKL]LJLZX\LZLJVTWHY[P}LU[YLZYLKLZZVJPHSLZFacebookLinkedIn`Twitter)
,SUTLYVKLISVNZX\LJVTWVULUSHT\LZ[YHÄUHSLZKL`M\LYVUHUHSPaHKVZWVZ[ZW\ISP
JHKVZ WVY KPJOVZ ISVNZ 7HYH LS HUmSPZPZ JVTWHYH[P]V ZL LTWSLHU ]HYPHISLZ JVTW\LZ[HZ KLUVTPUHKHZ
*VT\UPKHK`;HZHKLPU[LYHJJP}UX\LZLJHSJ\SHUZLNUZLT\LZ[YHLUSHZZPN\PLU[LZM}YT\SHZ!
Comunidad = Seguidores en LinkeDIn + Seguidores en Fecebook

+ Seguidores en Twitter
nº comentarios en blog
Tasa de interacción (Comentarios) =
Comunidad
nº compartidos LinkeDIn
Tasa de interacción (LinkeDIn) =
Comunidad
nº compartidos Facebook
Tasa de interacción (Facebook) =
Comunidad
nº Retwets
Tasa de interacción (Twitter) =
Comunidad
*VUSHPUMVYTHJP}UVI[LUPKHLUSVZWVZ[ZW\ISPJHKVZZLYLHSPa}\UWYVJLZVKLYLK\JJP}UKPZWVZPJP}U
`JSHZPÄJHJP}UKLSVZKH[VZLUVYKLUHJH[LNVYPaHYSH[PWVSVNxHKLSVZJVU[LUPKVZKLJHKHWVZ[W\ISPJHKV
NLULYmUKVZL\U[V[HSKL JH[LNVYxHZ3VZKH[VZKLJHKHWVZ[ZL]VSJHYVULULSWYVNYHTHLZ[HKxZ[PJV
:7::]`ZLJHSJ\SHYVUSHZU\L]HZ]HYPHISLZZLNUSHZM}YT\SHZZL|HSHKHZ,USHJVTWHYHJP}ULU[YLSHZ
KPMLYLU[LZ[HZHZWHYHJHKHJVU[LUPKVZLLTWSL}LSLZ[HKxZ[PJVUVWHYHTt[YPJV7Y\LIHKL-YPLKTHUJVU\U
UP]LSKLZPNUPÄJHJP}UKLp#
Resultados:
;HU[VSVZLZ[HKxZ[PJVZKLZJYPW[P]VZJVTVSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLSHWY\LIHKL-YPLKTHUH[YH]tZKLSHX\L
ZLJVTWHYHUSHZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}UYLMLYPKHZHJHKH[PWVSVNxHKLJVU[LUPKVWHYHJHKH\UHKLSHZYLKLZ
ZVJPHSLZZLT\LZ[YHULUSH[HISHLUSHX\LZLHWYLJPHX\LOH`KPMLYLUJPHZPTWVY[HU[LZLUSHZ[HZHZKL
PU[LYHJJP}UZLNULSJVU[LUPKVKLX\LZL[YH[L`[HTIPtULU[YLSHZKPMLYLU[LZYLKLZZVJPHSLZHUHSPaHKHZ

Tabla 1. ,Z[HKxZ[PJVZKLZJYPW[P]VZ`[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}UWHYJPHSLZWVY[PWVKLJVU[LUPKV
7Y\LIHKL-YPLKTHU
Comentarios Facebook LinkedIn 7ZLWWHU

Prueba de
Friedman
M D.T. M D.T. M D.T. M D.T.
Becas
Derecho laboral
Mercado laboral
Formación
Eventos
Ofertas de empleo
Búsqueda activa de

empleo
Emprendimiento
Marca personal
Desarrollo de la

carrera profesional
Competencias

transversales
Redes sociales
Coaching
Gestión de recursos

humanos
Trabajo en el

extranjero
Meta blog
2σWRSLF
&XDOLðFDFLŉQ\

acreditación
Profesional de la

orientación
+LZ[HJHLSOLJOVKLX\LLU[VKHZSHZJH[LNVYxHZLUSHZX\LZLKPZWVULUKH[VZWHYHSHZJ\H[YV[HZHZ
JHSJ\SHKHZ HWHYLJLU KPMLYLUJPHZ ZPNUPÄJH[P]HZ *VTV W\LKL HWYLJPHYZL LU SH [HISH SVZ JVU[LUPKVZ JVU
TH`VYLZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}U[HU[VLUJVTLU[HYPVZJVTVLUSHZ[YLZYLKLZZVJPHSLZHUHSPaHKHZZVUSVZYL
MLYPKVZHCompetencias transversales, Búsqueda activa de empleo, Redes Sociales, Gestión de Recursos
Humanos, Coaching y Desarrollo de la carrera profesional.,Z[VZKH[VZUVZZL|HSHUX\LTmZHSSmKLX\L
KPMLYLU[LZ]HYPHISLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVULSISVNZ\KPM\ZP}ULSLZ[PSVKLSISVN\LYV`KLSVZSLJ[VYLZLSWYVWPV
JVU[LUPKVW\ISPJHKVWYV]VJH\UHTH`VYVTLUVYPU[LYHJJP}ULU[YLSVZSLJ[VYLZ
;HTIPtULZULJLZHYPVZL|HSHYX\LLULZ[HZJH[LNVYxHZHWHYLJLUKPMLYLUJPHZZPNUPÄJH[P]HZLUYLSHJP}U
HJHKHYLKZVJPHSZLNUSHWY\LIHKLFriedman,UJHZP[VKVZSVZJHZVZSHZW\U[\HJPVULZZVUZ\WLYPVYLZ
LUYLMLYLUJPHHSHYLKZVJPHS3PURLK0USVZJVU[LUPKVZJVUTH`VYLZKPMLYLUJPHZLUSHZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJ[P]PKHK
ZVU!Gestión de Recursos Humanos, Redes sociales y Gestión de la carrera profesional,TPLU[YHZX\LSVZ
JVU[LUPKVZLUSVZX\LSH[HZHYLMLYPKHHFacebookLZZ\WLYPVYZVUSVZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUBecas, Formación
y Trabajo en el extranjero, ofertas de empleo y con el Profesional de la Orientación.
,UYLSHJP}UHSHZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}UVI[LUPKHZLUYLMLYLUJPHHSVZJVTLU[HYPVZLUSVZWYVWPVZISVNZ
LZKLZ[HJHISLLSOLJOVKLX\LLU[VKVZSVZJHZVZZVUT\ÌHQHZZLWYVK\JLWVJHPU[LYHJJP}ULUSVZ
JVTLU[HYPVZKLSVZISVNZZPLUKVSHZJH[LNVYxHZKLJVU[LUPKVZJVUTH`VYPU[LYHJJP}USHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVU
*VTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ)ZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLV`6ќ[VWPJ\UHJH[LNVYxHLUSHX\LZLPUJS\`LYVU
HX\LSSVZJVU[LUPKVZLUWYPUJPWPVUVYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSWLZLHLZ[HYPUJS\PKVZLUISVNZ
J\`VJVU[LUPKVWYPUJPWHSZxSVLZ
7VYS[PTVZL|HSHYX\LSHZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}ULU;^P[[LYZVUT\ÌHQHZWVZPISLTLU[LKLIPKVHSOL
JOVKLX\LT\JOVZ\Z\HYPVZW\LKHULZ[HY[\P[LHUKVKPYLJ[HTLU[LZPULTWSLHYSHOLYYHTPLU[HKLSHWmNPUH
3VZKVZJVU[LUPKVZJVU[HZHTmZHS[HZKLPU[LYHJJP}UZVUSVZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSHZJH[LNVYxHZDesarrollo
de la carrera profesional`Competencias transversales.
Discusión y conclusiones
(SH]LaX\LSHPU[LYHJJP}ULZ\UHKLSHZNYHUKLZWV[LUJPHSPKHKLZKLSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHWYLUKPaHQL`SH
JVT\UPJHJP}ULZWLJPHSTLU[LLULSJHZVKLSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZKPNP[HSLZSHWHY[PJPWHJP}UNLU\PUHLZ\UVKL
SVZWYPUJPWHSLZWYVISLTHZX\LLZULJLZHYPVYLZHS[HY*VTVKLZ[HJH/HUSHPU[LYHJJP}UJVULSV[YVH
[YH]tZKLSH[LJUVSVNxHLZTLUVZ]LYKHKLYHX\LLUSHPU[LYHJJP}UWYLZLUJPHSWLZLHX\LSHJVT\UPJHJP}U
ZLOHKLZTLKPH[PaHKVLULSJHZVKLSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZ[HS`JVTVZL|HSHLSTPZTVH\[VY
,Z[L[YHIHQVHIVYKHSHKVISLJHYHKLSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZSHPU[LYHJJP}UX\LW\LKLJVUZ[P[\PYZLJVTV
\UHKLZ\ZNYHUKLZWV[LUJPHSPKHKLZVJVU]LY[PYZLLU\UHKLZ\ZWYVISLTm[PJHZTmZKPZJ\[PKHZ3HPU[L
YHJJP}UZLLU[PLUKLJVTVSHIHZLKLJ\HSX\PLYYLKZVJPHSKLIPKVHX\LLU[YLZ\ZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZM\UKH
TLU[HSLZKLZ[HJHSHWVZPIPSPKHKX\LIYPUKHHSHZWLYZVUHZWHYHPU[LYHJ[\HYPU[LYJHTIPHUKVPUMVYTHJP}U`
VWPUP}UZPUSHTLKPHJP}UKL[LYJLYHZWLYZVUHZVPUZ[P[\JPVULZ:PULTIHYNVHWHYLJLUHSN\UHZKPÄJ\S[HKLZ
LU[VYUVHSUP]LSKLWHY[PJPWHJP}UX\LZLWYVK\JLKLMVYTHLMLJ[P]H
,ULZ[L[YHIHQVZLWVULKLTHUPÄLZ[VSHLZJHZHPU[LYHJJP}UX\LZLKHLUSVZISVNZZVIYLVYPLU[HJP}U
SHIVYHSJVUSHWYLZLUJPHKL\UVZWVJVZJVTLU[HYPVZX\LZLPU[LUZPÄJHUSL]LTLU[LHS[YH[HY[LTHZJVTV
SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZSHNLZ[P}UKL9LJ\YZVZ/\THUVZJVHJOPUNKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJHYYLYHWYV
MLZPVUHSVSHIZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLV,ULZ[HSxULHHSN\UVZLZ[\KPVZZ\NPLYLUX\LZ}SV\UWLX\L|V
WVYJLU[HQLKLSHZWLYZVUHZX\LWHY[PJPWHLUYLKLZZVJPHSLZSVOHJLUJVTVHNLU[LHJ[P]V(ZxLS[YHIHQVKL
.H]PSmU4HY[xULa5H]HYYV`-LYUmUKLa3VYLZZL|HSHX\L\UHPTWVY[HU[LTH`VYxHKL\UP]LYZP[HYPVZ
a priori\UHWVISHJP}UTmZKPNP[HSPaHKHUVYLHSPaH\UHWHY[PJPWHJP}UNLU\PUH`WYVM\UKHLUYLKLZZVJPHSLZ
ZPLUKVWVJVZSVZX\LWLY[LULJLUHSNY\WVX\LKLUVTPUHUWYVZVJPHSLZ,Z[HKPÄJ\S[HKWHYHPU[LYHJ[\HY
TmZHSSmKLÄULZWLYZVUHSLZ`VZVJPHSLZLUISVNZ`YLKLZZVJPHSLZZLJVTWY\LIHLUV[YVZLZ[\KPVZJVTV
.HYJxH:HIH[LY*HU}Z+HY}Z=PKHS*HYYLYHZ`.HYJxH:HIH[LYV4HY[xU`4VU[PSSH
,Z[H MHS[H KL WHY[PJPWHJP}U H [YH]tZ KL JVTLU[HYPVZ LU SVZ ISVNZ HS TLUVZ LU LS WSHUV J\HU[P[H[P]V
[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}UUVKLWLUKLUPJHTLU[LKLSHZKPÄJ\S[HKLZLUZ\\ZVVKLSVZJVU[LUPKVZX\LZL
W\ISPJHULUSVZWVZ[ZZPUV[HTIPtUKLSZP[PVVYLKZVJPHSLULSX\LZLWYVK\JLSHPU[LYHJJP}U+LHJ\LYKV
JVUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[LUPKVZLULZ[LLZ[\KPVOH`JVU[LUPKVZX\LWYVK\JLUTH`VYLZ[HZHZKLPU[LYHJJP}U
LU\UHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZÙVLUV[YHZZPLUKVLinkedIn SHYLKX\LTmZJVTLU[HYPVZWYVK\JLLULSmTIP[V
KLSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHS<UVZKH[VZX\LLZ[mULUJVUJVYKHUJPHJVU-LYYLPYHX\PLUZP[HLZ[HYLK
JVTVSHTmZ\[PSPaHKHWVYTV[P]VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZLN\PKHKLFacebookTwitter `Google+,ULZ[HSxULH
*VZ[H:mUJOLa`*VYIHJOV=HSLUJPHKLZ[HJHUH3PURLK0UJVTV\UHOLYYHTPLU[HJSH]LLUSHISV
NVZMLYHX\LKLZWPLY[HLSPU[LYtZ[HU[VKLWYVMLZPVUHSLZLUHJ[P]VJVTVKLWYVMLZPVUHSLZLUIZX\LKHKL
LTWSLVVKLLTWYLZHZX\LW\LKLULUJVU[YHYLULSSH\UPU[LYLZHU[LJHUHSKLIZX\LKHKLJHUKPKH[VZ
7VYSV[HU[VKHKHSHIHQHWHY[PJPWHJP}U`HSHNYHUKPZWLYZP}UKLJVU[LUPKVZX\LZL[YHIHQHULUSHISV
NVZMLYHLUYLSHJP}UHHZWLJ[VZ]PUJ\SHKVZJVUSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSKLMVYTHTmZVTLUVZPUKPYLJ[HZL
KLILWVULYLUYLSPL]LSHKPMLYLUJPHLU[YLSHTLYHKPZWVZPJP}UKLPUMVYTHJP}ULUSHISVNVZMLYH`Z\\ZVYLHS
`LMLJ[P]VJVTVOLYYHTPLU[HJVU\UNYHUWV[LUJPHSHSZLY]PJPVKLSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHS(\UX\LSHPYY\WJP}U
KLSMLU}TLUVKL0U[LYUL[`SH^LIWYVT\L]LUU\L]HZMVYTHZKLLVYPLU[HJP}UJVTV\UMLU}TLUV
JYLJPLU[LÙLJLZHYPVLU\UHHKHW[HJP}UJVU[PU\HHSJVU[L_[VLULSX\LZL\IPJHUVOH`X\LVS]PKHYLSWYV
JLZVX\LOH`KL[YmZJ\`VZWYV[HNVUPZ[HZKLILUZLYZPLTWYLVYPLU[HKVY`VYPLU[HKVJVUPUKLWLUKLUJPH
KLSTLKPV\[PSPaHKVWHYH[HSÄU
4\JOVZZVUSVZYL[VZX\LZLWYLZLU[HULULZ[HU\L]HTVKHSPKHKKLVYPLU[HJP}ULU]xHZKLZ\WLYHYSH
UV]LKHK`SVZKLIH[LZZVIYLSHWLY[PULUJPHKLSVZISVNZLUVYPLU[HJP}UWHYHWHZHYHSWYVJLZVLUZxX\LZL
WYVK\JLLUSHISVNVZMLYHKVUKLZPUK\KHSVZJVU[LUPKVZSHJVT\UPJHJP}U`SHPU[LYHJJP}UX\LZLWYVK\JL
LU[YLSVZHNLU[LZPTWSPJHKVZQ\LNHU\UWHWLSWYPTVYKPHSSVJ\HSYLWYLZLU[H\UHSxULHKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZV
IYLSHX\LLZWLY[PULU[LÙLJLZHYPVJVU[PU\HYLUM\[\YVZLZ[\KPVZ:PIPLUSHZYLKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZPUJS\PKVZ
SVZISVNZZVUJHKH]LaTmZWVW\SHYLZ`\[PSPaHKVZWHYHJVUZLN\PY\U[YHIHQVHKHW[HKVHSHZL_WLJ[H[P]HZ
`MVYTHJP}UKLJHKHPUKP]PK\VHZxJVTVWHYHWV[LUJPHYZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHKLUTS[PWSLZmTIP[VZKL[YHIHQV
9V]PYHLZWYLJPZVJ\LZ[PVUHYLULZ[LTVTLU[VLS\ZVX\LZLOHJLKLSHVYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHSLUSH
ISVNVZMLYH IHQV SH JVUZPKLYHJP}U KL X\L SH TLYH KPZWVZPJP}U KL PUMVYTHJP}U UV KLIL ZLY JVUZPKLYHKH
VYPLU[HJP}ULUZxTPZTH`HX\LJVTVZL|HSH/HU¸TmZPUMVYTHJP}UUVJVUK\JLULJLZHYPHTLU[L
HTLQVYLZKLJPZPVULZ¹W :LPTWVUL\UJHTIPVLULSTVKLSVKLHJ[\HJP}UKLSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLSH
VYPLU[HJP}UHZ\TPLUKVLSYVSKLHNLU[LZKLJHTIPV`KPUHTPaHKVYLZKLSVZWYVJLZVZKLPUUV]HJP}ULULS
JPILYLZWHJPVKLSH¢9L]VS\JP}U0UK\Z[YPHS
Referencias
(`HSH; (SN\UHZJVUZPKLYHJPVULZKLSHZ;PJZLUSHMVYTHJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKVContextos: Estudios
de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!^^^YL]PZ[HZ\TJLJS
PUKL_WOWJVU[L_[VZ
)HYYHaH(7YLZLUJPHKPZJ\YZP]HKLSLZ[YtZHJHKtTPJVLUSHISVN}ZMLYH<UHUmSPZPZKLJVU[LUPKV
KL[YLPU[HISVNZRevista Iberoamericana de Psicología: Ciencia y Tecnología,9LJ\WLYH
KV KL!O[[W!YL]PZ[HZPILYVHTLYPJHUHLK\JVPUKL_WOWYPWZPJVSVNPHHY[PJSL]PL^
)SVVK9>LISVNZ!HOPZ[VY`HUKWLYZWLJ[P]LAt the Interface: New Intimacies, New Cultures, 5.
9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!LQWVZ[ÄSLZ^VYKWYLZZJVT^LISVNZHOPZ[VY`HUKWLYZWLJ[P]LWKM
)VYKPNUVT -9( HNVZ[V /HJxH \UH JHYHJ[LYPaHJP}U KLS ISVNNLY HYNLU[PUV ;YHIHQV WYLZLU[HKV
LU LS II Congreso Internacional de Educación a Distancia y Tecnologías Educativas )\LUVZ (PYLZ
(YNLU[PUH
*VTPZPVU,\YVWLHDesarrollo sostenible en Europa para un mundo mejor: Estrategia de la Unión
Europea para un desarrollo sostenible. Propuesta de la Comisión ante el Consejo Europeo de Gotem-
burgo 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[WZ!L\YSL_L\YVWHL\SLNHS JVU[LU[,:;?;7+-&\YP$*,3,?!+
* MYVT$,:
*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHEuropean Digital Progress Report [EDPR] 20179LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!LJL\YV
WHL\KPNP[HSZPUNSLTHYRL[LUUL^ZL\YVWLZKPNP[HSWYVNYLZZYLWVY[
*VZ[H:mUJOLa* *VYIHJOV=HSLUJPH143PURLKPUWHYHZLSLJJPVUHY`JHW[HY[HSLU[V(UmSPZPZ
KLS \ZV KL 3PURLKPU JVTV OLYYHTPLU[H KL LTWSV`LY IYHUKPUN Revista de Investigación Social, 14

-LYYLPYH4*O uso das redes sociais no recrutamento externo em empresas portuguesas. 7VY[V!
0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKV7VY[V
-LYYLYLZ. .HYYPKV-,SWLYÄSKLSISVNNLYLZWH|VS,U14*LYLaV+PYLa blogosfera hispana:
pioneros de la cultura digital WW4HKYPK!-\UKHJP}-YHUJL;LSLJVT,ZWH|H
-SVYLZ+,UI\ZJHKLSZ\QL[VL_[YH]PHKV9LÅL_PVULZLU[VYUVHSLZ[\KPVKLISVNZDiálogos de
la Comunicación,9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^KPHSVNVZMLSHMHJZUL[HY[PJ\SVZWKM+VYPZTPSKH
-SVYLZWKM
-\TLYV(<U[\[VYPHSZVIYLISVNZ,SHILJtKLS\UP]LYZVISVNRevista Telos,9LJ\WLYHKVKL
O[[WZ![LSVZM\UKHJPVU[LSLMVUPJHJVT[LSVZHY[PJ\SVJ\HKLYUVHZW'PKHY[PJ\SV$ YL]$O[T
.H]PSmU+4HY[xULa5H]HYYV.`-LYUmUKLa3VYLZ:<UP]LYZP[HYPVZ`YLKLZZVJPHSLZPUMVYTH[P
]HZ!LZJtW[PJVZ[V[HSLZTVKLYHKVYLZK\HSLZVWYVKPNP[HSLZComunicar, KVP!O[[WZ!
KVPVYN *
.HYJxH:HIH[LY11*HU}Z+HY}Z3=PKHS*HYYLYHZ70 .HYJxH:HIH[LY17,_WLYPLUJPHZLU
LS \ZV KL ISVNZ JVTV OLYYHTPLU[H KL HWYLUKPaHQL *VT\UPJHJP}U WYLZLU[HKH LU XV Congreso de
Ingeniería de Organización*HY[HNLUH ZLW[PLTIYL
.HYYPKV- 3HYH;7LYÄSKLSISVNNLYOPZWHUV000,UJ\LZ[HH)SVNNLYZDiálogos de la Comunica-
ción,9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!KPHSVNVZMLSHMHJZUL[HY[PJ\SVZWKM.HYYPKV3HYHWKM
/HU)En el enjambre.)HYJLSVUH!/LYKLY
/\LY[HZ ( )SVNNPUN 79! HUmSPZPZ KL JVU[LUPKVZ KL SVZ ISVNZ KL YLSHJPVULZ WISPJHZ ,U 4*
*HYYL[}U *VVYK Las relaciones públicas en la sociedad del conocimiento WW (SPJHU[L!
(ZVJPHJP}UKL0U]LZ[PNHKVYLZLU9LSHJPVULZ7ISPJHZ
1V\ ) )SVNZ ¦7HYH X\t& marcoELE-Revista de Didáctica Español Lengua Extranjera
9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!THYJVLSLJVTISVNZWHYHX\L
4HY[xU( 4VU[PSSH4=*,S\ZVKLSISVNJVTVOLYYHTPLU[HKLPUUV]HJP}U`TLQVYHKLSHKV
JLUJPH\UP]LYZP[HYPHProfesorado, Revista de Curriculum y formación del profesorado, 20
4HY[xULa4".VUamSLa5"7tYLa1":mUJOLa4".VUamSLa*"4HY[PULa7:LY]PJPVZKLVYPLU[H
JP}ULUSHISVNVZMLYHKLZKLLSWLYÄSKLSVYPLU[HKVYLUYLK,.VUamSLa`4=P|HYHZ,KZLo 2.0 y 3.0
como herramientas multidisciplinaresWW4HKYPK!;LJUV(UH`H
4HY[xULa 1\mYLa 4" .VUamSLa 4VYNH 5 ` 7tYLa *\Z} 1 (WYV_PTHJP}U HS WLYÄS MVYTH[P]V KLS
VYPLU[HKVYWYVMLZPVUHSLUSHISVNVZMLYHRevista de Investigación Educativa, KVP!O[[W!
K_KVPVYNYPL
6YPO\LSH13La revolución de los blogs.4HKYPK!3H,ZMLYHKLSVZ3PIYVZ
7YLZ[YPKNL:19LÅLJ[P]LISVNNPUNHZWHY[VM0*;WYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[[VZ\WWVY[WLKHNVNPJHS
JOHUNLAustralian Journal of teacher Education,
9V]PYH19LKLZZVJPHSLZLUSH\UP]LYZPKHK!WYVMLZPVUHSLZHJHKtTPJHZ`KLSLJ[\YHÁlabe. Revista
de la Red de Universidades Lectoras, 13
Isabel Maria
Rodrigues Gonçalves
Centro de Emprego e Formação
“Re (Orientar) por uma
7YVÄZZPVUHSKV7VY[V
escolha em liberdade”
Objetivos: 9LÅL[PY ZVIYL V JVUJLP[V KL VYPLU[HsqV

ao Longo da Vida
(\KPvUJPH: Tipo: Stakeholders no âmbito do sis-
tema de Educação/Formação
É quase mitológico o pensamento de que o mundo

existe porque o sujeito perceciona a sua natureza, os
seus aromas, as suas cores, sente os ventos agitados,
mas também a bonança quando o interpreta, conhe-
JLUKVV L JSHZZPÄJHUKVV U\TH KPHSt[PJH KL JVUZ[Y\-
ção.
Desde que o Tempo se transformou em passado
X\L ZL JVTWSL_PÄJHYHT VZ J}KPNVZ VZ ZxTIVSVZ L VZ
ZPNUPÄJHKVZ KHZ JVPZHZ NLYHUKV JVUOLJPTLU[V ZVI H
orientação dos que iam vivenciando novas experiências
de um mundo pleno de descobertas.
Relacionar-se com o mundo em sociedade traz ao
homem uma simbiose entre a teoria e a ação, da qual
ele jamais se livrará na sua condição de ser inacabado e
racional, muito para lá da fase adulta ao jeito piagetiano,
para dar lugar a um processo continuo e permanente.
No Sec XX, o rigor do conhecimento impôs uma
WYm[PJH[LZ[HKHWLSHZ[LVYPHZJPLU[xÄJHZX\LJVUZPKLYH
V VIQL[P]V L V KLÄUPKV JVTV PUZ[Y\TLU[V SPTP[HKVY KH
subjetividade e dos excessos da criatividade, princi-
palmente quando pensar no trabalho parece ser uma
questão de escolha, face a um leque de possibilidades
catalogadas e o seu sucesso. Neste contexto, orien-
[HY JVUZPZ[PH LT ]LYPÄJHY HZ JHWHJPKHKLZ KV PUKP]PK\V
JVTWHYHUKVHZJVTHZL_PNvUJPHZKLKHKHWYVÄZZqV
Na era do digital, à medida que a sociedade vai
sendo transformada pela veloz mudança, vários agen-
tes educativos são confrontados com o papel de orien-
tar, Online¸ UqV HWLUHZ V KVTxUPV WYVÄZZPVUHS THZ H
pessoa no seu TODO.
,Z[LZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ ZqV OVQL N\PHZ WLYTHULU[LZ
J\QHWYPUJPWHSTPZZqVtHJVTWHUOHYVZPUKP]xK\VZUHZ
sucessivas construções ao longo da vida e nas suas
diferentes dimensões, sustentada numa nova axiolo-
gia como pilar forte de mudança que desperta para a
JYx[PJH H JYPH[P]PKHKL H PUV]HsqV L V [HSLU[V PUKV HV
encontro da história de cada um e dos múltiplos papeis
que desenvolve e (re)cria.
7YLJVUPaVWVYPZZV[HSJVTV(U[}UPV:tYNPVWHYHV(WYLUKPaKLÄS}ZVMVX\LUqVZLHWYLZZLTHZ
soluções, que não se leiam obras de uma só tendência, mas se procure compreender as argumenta-
sLZKL[VKHZLUH[\YHSTLU[LX\LVWY}WYPVVYPLU[HKVYYLÅP[HZVIYLZPWY}WYPV(VYPLU[HsqVKVZtJ\SV
XXI tem que ser responsável, empenhada, sistémica e potenciadora de escolhas conscientes. Ainda
que hoje a tecnologia assuma forte destaque no recurso à distância, outra dimensão do Online o pro-
cesso do aprendente tem que ser vivenciado…
A todos os orientadores na mais nobre atuação dirijo as sábias palavras de Kant.
¸+LTPTUqVHWYLUKLYLPZÄSVZVÄHTHZHU[LZJVTVÄSVZVMHYUqVHWYLUKLYLPZWLUZHTLU[VZWHYH
repetir, mas antes como pensar”.
6Z8\H[YV¸0¹
É com esta perspetiva Kantiana que temos de acolher quási em modo dogmático os quatro I:
࠮imprevisibilidade,
࠮insegurança,
࠮incerteza
࠮e instabilidade
que caracteriza o futuro em que já vivemos.

Estamos a bordo de uma revolução tecnológica que transformará a forma como vivemos, traba-
lhamos e nos relacionamos. A transformação será diferente de qualquer coisa que o ser humano tenha
experimentado antes, em termos de escala, alcance e complexidade.
5qV t ÄJsqV! VZ ZPZ[LTHZ JPILYMxZPJVZ X\L JVTIPUHT TmX\PUHZ JVT WYVJLZZVZ KPNP[HPZ ZqV
capazes de tomar decisões descentralizadas e de cooperar - entre eles e com humanos - mediante a
internet das coisas) serão os responsáveis por uma transformação radical que os economistas deno-
TPUHT KL X\HY[H YL]VS\sqV PUK\Z[YPHS THYJHKH WLSH JVU]LYNvUJPH KL [LJUVSVNPHZ KPNP[HPZ MxZPJHZ L
biológicas. Os “novos poderes” da transformação virão da engenharia genética e das neurotecnolo-
gias, duas áreas que parecem misteriosas e distantes para o senso comum. A quarta mudança traz
consigo uma tendência à automatização total considerada a era da robótica avançada, automação no
[YHUZWVY[LPU[LSPNvUJPHHY[PÄJPHSLHWYLUKPaHNLTH\[VTm[PJH
(H\[VTH[PaHsqVHJVU[LJLH[YH]tZKLZPZ[LTHZJPILYMxZPJVZX\LZL[VYUHTWVZZx]LPZNYHsHZn¸
internet das coisas” e à computação na nuvem.
( X\HY[H YL]VS\sqV PUK\Z[YPHS UqV t KLÄUPKH WVY \T JVUQ\U[V KL [LJUVSVNPHZ LTLYNLU[LZ LT ZP
TLZTHZTHZH[YHUZPsqVLTKPYLsqVWHYHUV]VZZPZ[LTHZX\LMVYHTJVUZ[Y\xKVZZVIYLHPUMYHLZ[Y\-
tura da revolução digital (anterior)”, (Fórum Económico Mundial).
Neste novo mundo, qual o papel do homem, que está próximo de coexistir com os robôs?
9VI}[PJH\TH5V]H-PSVZVÄH
Com o uso da robótica, muitas das atividades desenvolvidas pelo homem passarão a ser feitas
por máquinas. Daqui emergem teorias epistemológicas sobre o conhecimento e ação humana e a
utilização da robótica. É este o alerta que o estudo do Fórum Económico Mundial faz, ressaltando
que vamos precisar desenvolver habilidades que as máquinas ainda não possuem se nos quisermos
THU[LYÄYTLZUVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOV
(9VI}[PJHt\THUV]HÄSVZVÄH[YHUZKPZJPWSPUHYX\LZLYLSHJPVUHJVTHLUNLUOHYPHLSL[Y}UPJHKL
computadores, biologia, psicologia, economia.
As repercussões terão impacto:
࠮no que somos

࠮na forma como nos relacionamos até nos lugares mais distantes do planeta.
࠮a revolução afetará o mercado de trabalho, o futuro do trabalho e o rendimento.
࠮(ZJVUZLX\vUJPHZ[LYqVPTWHJ[VUHZLN\YHUsHNLVWVSx[PJHLUVX\LtJVUZPKLYHKVt[PJV
Estaremos perante uma mudança de paradigma e não apenas uma etapa do desenvolvimento
tecnológico. No entanto continuaremos a interrogar-nos sobre o que somos e para onde vamos, com
a mesma ingenuidade do inicio dos tempos… porque essa é uma das essências do homem.
No Fórum Mundial de Davos, em janeiro deste ano, houve uma antecipação do que poderá ser a
9L]VS\sqV!UHUV[LJUVSVNPHZUL\YV[LJUVSVNPHZYVIZPU[LSPNvUJPHHY[PÄJPHSIPV[LJUVSVNPHKYVULZ
ZPZ[LTHZKLHYTHaLUHTLU[VKLLULYNPHLPTWYLZZVYHZ+,Z[HHÄYTHsqV[YHUZWVY[HUVZL\YL]LYZVH
WHY[LTHPZJVU[YV]LYZHKHX\HY[HYL]VS\sqVJPUJVTPSOLZKLWVZ[VZKL[YHIHSOVUVZWHxZLZTHPZ
industrializados do mundo estarão prestes a desaparecer……
+LHJVYKVJVTVYLSH[}YPVKLZZLTLZTVM}Y\TVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZX\L[vTZPKVTHPZH[PUNPKVZWVY
conta das novas competências são os que atuam nos setores dos média e entretenimento, consumo,
ZHKL L LULYNPH 5VZ WY}_PTVZ HUVZ ZLYqV VZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ KHZ mYLHZ KL ÄUHUsHZ PUMYHLZ[Y\[\YH L
TVIPSPKHKLX\LWHZZHYqVWVYT\KHUsHZZPNUPÄJH[P]HZ
Homo Sapiens — Homo Digitalis
(StTKHÅL_PIPSPKHKLLKHHKHW[HIPSPKHKLNHUOHYLTHPUKHTHPZPTWVY[oUJPHUVZUV]VZ[LTWVZ
V\[YHZOHIPSPKHKLZKL]LYqVMHaLYWHY[LKVKPHHKPHKVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ66YPLU[HKVY.\PHWHYHHKLZ-
JVILY[HKL]mYPVZJHTPUOVZKL]LYmWYLWHYHYVZJPKHKqVZWHYHX\LWVZZHTKLZHÄHYVM\[\YVWY}_PTV
iULZ[HJLY[LaHX\LVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZVYPLU[HKVYLZKL[VKVZVZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\JHsqVMVYTHsqVKL]L-
rão facilitar a preparação para a incerteza.
Dialética de habilidades
A complexidade do ser humano traduz diferentes tipos de habilidades que dialeticamente devem
preparar para o futuro que caracterizamos como incerto. Orientar na linha da 4 geração é perceber
6;6+6tHKV[HY\TH]PZqVOVSxZ[PJHKHWLZZVHX\LJVUOLJLUKVWVKLSP]YLTLU[LLZJVSOLYVM\[\YV
iHNVYHULJLZZmYPVYLÅL[PYZVIYLHZOHIPSPKHKLZO\THUHZULJLZZmYPHZWHYHHM\[\YHZVJPLKHKLKH
X\HSUPUN\tTWVKLV\ZHYJYLYX\LZLQH\TH\[VWPHWVPZLZ[HLZ[mHx¯5HZOHIPSPKHKLZJVNUP[P]HZWHYH
HStTKHÅL_PIPSPKHKLLJYPH[P]PKHKLPTWVY[H\THWLYJLsqVKVZWYVISLTHZHU[LJPWHYWHYHHYLZVS\sqV
e não apenas reagir em momento posterior ao problema. Esta destreza cognitiva é também acompa-
UOHKHWLSHOHIPSPKHKLMxZPJHWHYHHsLZWYm[PJHZWYLJPZHZ
HABILIDADES
HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS HABILIDADES FISICAS
Flexibilidade Cognitiva Força Fisica
Criatividade Destreza
Raciocinio Lógico Precisão
Raciocinio Matemático
Visão Abrangente
Percepção dos problemas
Habilidades Básicas do Eu Cognoscente
6ZUV]VZJ}KPNVZL_PNLT\TKVTxUPVKHSLP[\YHLKHLZJYP[HHUmSPZLPU[LYWYL[HsqVZxU[LZLKH
linguagem e da realidade), permitindo com uma escuta ativa compreender e atuar entorno do social,
desenvolvendo um pensamento critico.
HABILIDADES BÁSICAS
HABILIDADES CONTEUDO HABILIDADES PROCESSUAIS

Leitura e compreensão Escuta Ativa
Expressão escrita Pensamento Critico
TIC Auto Monitorização
Expressão oral Monitorização de Outros
Proatividade na aprendizagem
O conceito de multifuncional
,Z[LUV]VJVUJLP[VTVZ[YHX\LHWVSP]HSvUJPHUqVtZ\ÄJPLU[LWHYHVKLZLTWLUOVÅL_x]LSJYPH-
tivo, inovador pois a mobilização e conjugação/combinação de habilidades diversas gera construções
múltiplas como se de um cubo mágico se tratasse.
HABILIDADES MULTIFUNCIONAIS
HABILIDADES EM GESTÃO
HABILIDADES SOCIAIS
RECURSOS HUMANOS
Inteligência Emocional Gestão do tempo
Negociação Gestão de Pessoas
Persuasão Gestão de Recursos Materiais
Orientação de Serviço Gestão de Recursos Financeiros
Gestão de Pessoas
Auto Formação
Formação dos RH
Habilidades Sistémicas e Técnicas
A complexidade do homem complexo implica saber que não se compreende o todo sem conhe-
cermos as partes, por isso o conhecimento implica um caminho de vaivém em que o sistémico se deve
alicerçar numa nova axiologia.
HABILIDADES SISTEMICAS HABILIDADES TECNICAS
Julgamento e Tomada de decisão Manutenção de equipamento e Reparação

Análise de sistemas Operação e Controle de Equipamento
Programação
Habilidade na resolução de problemas
Controlo de Qualidade
complexos
Resolução de Problemas Complexos Tecnologia e Experiência
O futuro do emprego passará por vagas que não existem, em indústrias que usam tecnologias
ainda desconhecidas, em condições planetárias que nenhum ser humano já experimentou……
De acordo com o fórum aqui já referido os empresários parecem entusiasmados - mais que inti-
TPKHKVZWLSHTHNUP[\KLKVKLZHÄV¸:LYKPZY\W[P]VtVWHKYqVTVKLSVWHYHL_LJ\[P]VZLJPKHKqVZ
mas continua sendo um objetivo complicado de se colocar em prática”, reconhece o estudo do Fórum
Mundial de Davos. A nova era será marcada pela velocidade, o alcance e o impacto nos sistemas.
6I]PHTLU[LKVWYVJLZZVKL[YHUZMVYTHsqVZ}ILULÄJPHYmX\LTMVYJHWHaKLPUV]HYLZLHKHW[HY¯
mas não foi isto que aconteceu noutros momentos da história humana?
O que nos espera? Uma fábrica verdadeiramente inteligente?
:LN\UKV2SH\Z:JO^HIHX\HY[HYL]VS\sqVPUK\Z[YPHStTHPZPTWVY[HU[LLHZZ\HZYHTPÄJHsLZ
ZqVTHPZWYVM\UKHZKVX\LX\HSX\LYV\[YVWLYxVKVKHOPZ[}YPHO\THUH9LHSsHHPUKHHZWYPUJPWHPZ
[LJUVSVNPHZX\LPTW\SZPVUHTLZ[HYL]VS\sqVLYLÅL[LZVIYLVZTHPVYLZPTWHJ[VZLZWLYHKVZHVUx]LS
KVZ NV]LYUVZ KHZ LTWYLZHZ KH ZVJPLKHKL JP]PS L KVZ PUKP]xK\VZ :JO^HI [HTItT WHY[PSOH PKLPHZ
arrojadas sobre como aproveitar estas mudanças e moldar um futuro melhor — em que a tecnologia
Km WVKLY nZ WLZZVHZ LT ]La KL Z\IZ[P[\xSHZ" LT X\L V WYVNYLZZV ZLY]L H ZVJPLKHKL LT ]La KL
JH\ZHYY\[\YHZ"LLTX\LVZPUV]HKVYLZYLZWLP[HTVZSPTP[LZTVYHPZLt[PJVZLT]LaKL\S[YHWHZZm-
-los. Todos nós temos a oportunidade de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos cenários que
promovam o progresso.
Aos orientadores, cabe a tarefa de estimular o desenvolvimento da maturidade principalmente
nos mais jovens, permitindo que eles cometam erros e aprendam com eles. A recomendação é estar
aberto ao conhecimento dos mais experientes e saber lidar com as diferenças.
Lidar com a diferença, é liberdade e estimulo, por isso os orientadores devem adotar uma postura
recetiva e dinâmica, possibilitando a troca de opiniões e experiências mas também a luta, quiçá, das
mais enriquecedoras entre o erro e a ilusão.
Em jeito de arrumação conceptual diria que a orientação deve alinhar pela teoria dos “Quatro
I”, desencadeadora de habilidades multifuncionais e sistémicas potenciadoras de um conhecimento
diferente do que conhecemos até agora.
O que somos? A questão é perene.
Edgar Morin inquieta-nos quanto a isso e cito:
“Em contraste com uma antropologia que se limita unicamente às sociedades arcaicas, pro-
cura-se aqui o homem através dos seus múltiplos «nascimentos», desde as suas origens (homi-
nização) até ao seu devir contemporâneo.
Em contraste com uma antropologia que apenas encara o homo dito sapiens sob os traços
unidimensionais de um técnico racional, enquanto os seus predecessores, e não ele, elabora-
ram o utensílio, a linguagem, a cultura, demonstra-se aqui que o homem fornece ao mundo o
mito, a magia, a imoderaçâo, a desordem, e que a sua originalidade profunda consiste em ser
um animal dotado de despropósito”
(ÄYTVWVYPZZVKV[HKVWHYHHHY[LKLYLJVTLsHY

Diana Amber
<UP]LYZPKHKKL1HtU
KHTILY'\QHLULZ
El empleo
`Z\ZPNUPÄJHKV
para Personas
Desempleadas
mayores de 45 años
RESUMEN
,S LTWSLV W\LKL ZLY JVU[LTWSHKV KLZKL U\TLYV

ZHZ WLYZWLJ[P]HZ V[VYNmUKVSL ZPNUPÄJHKVZ ]HYPVWPU[VZ
LUM\UJP}UKLJHKHWLYZVUH`ZP[\HJP}U,Z[HWYVW\LZ[H
KPYPNPKH H PU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ ` KLZLTWSLHKVZ ZL JLU[YH LU
KLZLU[YH|HYLSZPNUPÄJHKVKLS[YHIHQVWHYHKPLaOVTIYLZ`
T\QLYLZTH`VYLZKLH|VZLUZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWSLV
7HYHLSSVNYVKLLZ[LVIQL[P]VZL\[PSPaH\UHTL[VKVSVNxH
LTPULU[LTLU[LJ\HSP[H[P]HJVUTH[PJLZJ\HU[P[H[P]VZ:L
HWV`HLULSHUmSPZPZKLSKPZJ\YZVKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZYLJV
WPSHKV TLKPHU[L LU[YL]PZ[HZ LU WYVM\UKPKHK 3VZ YLZ\S[H
KVZT\LZ[YHUSVZJPUJVZPNUPÄJHKVZWYPUJPWHSLZKLS[YHIHQV
L_[YHxKVZ KLS KPZJ\YZV KL SVZ WYVWPVZ KLZLTWSLHKVZ :L
JVUJS\`LX\LLSLTWSLVWHYHSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZKL
H|VZLZT\JOVTmZX\L\UZPTWSLZ\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJV
SSLNHUKV H ZLY WLYJPIPKV JVTV \U ZxTIVSV KL PKLU[PKHK
WHYHT\JOVZ`\UHJ\LZ[P}UKLKPNUPKHKJVTVWLYZVUH
`WYVMLZPVUHS
1. INTRODUCCIÓN1
,SKLZLTWSLV[PLUL[HU[HZJHYHZ`ZLU[PKVZJVTVWLY
ZVUHZX\LSV]P]LU(J[\HSTLU[LLU,ZWH|H[LULTVZ\UH
[HZHKLWHYVKLZLNUSVZKH[VZKLSWYPTLY[YP
TLZ[YLKLKLSH,UJ\LZ[HKL7VISHJP}U(J[P]H,7(
KLS 0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL ,Z[HKxZ[PJH 05, ,Z[V
Z\WVULZLNULZ[HTPZTHM\LU[L\U[V[HSKL
T\QLYLZÒVTIYLZLUKLZLTWSLV"JLYJHKLTPSSVULZKL
OPZ[VYPHZ KL JHZ\xZ[PJHZ KL ]PKHZ HMLJ[HKHZ WVY SH MHS[H
KLLTWSLV

,Z[L[YHIHQVMVYTHWHY[LKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKL\UH[LZPZKVJ[VYHS
ÄUHUJPHKHJVU\UHILJHWYLKVJ[VYHSKLSWYVNYHTHKL-VYTHJP}U
KLS7YVMLZVYHKV<UP]LYZP[HYPV-7<JVUJLKPKHWVYLS4PUPZ[LYPVKL
,K\JHJP}U*\S[\YH`+LWVY[LKL,ZWH|H
3HZP[\HJP}UZLHNYH]HWHYHSHZWLYZVUHZX\LZLLUJ\LU[YHULUSHMYHUQHKLLKHKKLLU[YL`
H|VZX\LZ\WVULULSKLSVZKLZLTWSLHKVZLU,ZWH|H]PtUKVZLHMLJ[HKHZUVZ}SVWVYSHZHS[HZ
L_PNLUJPHZKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSZPUV[HTIPtUWVYLSLKHKPZTVX\LPTWYLNUHU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHKZPLUKVSH
LKHK\UVKLSVZLQLZ]LY[LIYHKVZKLSHKLZPN\HSKHKZVJPHS:\IPYH[Z
,ULZ[LJVU[L_[VLSLTWSLVOHWHZHKVHZLYVIQL[VKLKLZLVWHYHT\JOHZWLYZVUHZHSNVX\LZVSV
SVZ TmZ HMVY[\UHKVZ W\LKLU HSHYKLHY KL [LULY ` KL WVKLY JVUZLY]HY 7VY [HU[V LS [YHIHQV H\U ZPLUKV
\U PUKPZJ\[PISL LZ[xT\SV LJVU}TPJV WHYH SH TH`VYxH KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ [PLUL V[YHZ T\JOHZ ]PY[\KLZ X\L
PUJLU[P]HUHSVZZ\QL[VZHZ\IZX\LKH`JVUZLY]HJP}UH\UJ\HUKVZ\Z\IZPZ[LUJPHUVKLWLUKPLYHKLLSSV
5VN\LYH
,S[YHIHQVLZ“fuente de autorrespeto“ ,SZ[LYZL[YH[HKLSHKPNUPKHKKL[YHIHQHYKLZLU[PYZL[PS
WHYHSHZVJPLKHKKLYLHSPaHYZLWYVMLZPVUHSTLU[L,SLTWSLVPUÅ\`LLULSIPLULZ[HYWZPJVS}NPJVKLSHZWLY
ZVUHZKLYP]mUKVZLKLZ\H\ZLUJPHZLU[PTPLU[VZKLPUZLN\YPKHKLZ[HKVZKLWYLZP]VZLZ[YtZL[J+\IHY
"2YVSS 3HTWLY[
(U[LLZ[HWHUVYmTPJHLZJVTWYLUZPISLX\LLS[YHIHQV[VTLKPZ[PU[HZHJLWJPVULZLUM\UJP}UKLSHWLY
ZVUH`KLZ\ZP[\HJP}UJVUJYL[H;VTHUKVJVTVW\U[VKLWHY[PKHLZ[HYLHSPKHKLZ[L[YHIHQVZLWYVWVUL
JVTVVIQL[P]VKLZLU[YH|HYLSZPNUPÄJHKVKLS[YHIHQVWHYHKPLaOVTIYLZ`T\QLYLZTH`VYLZKLH|VZLU
ZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWSLV3HWYPUJPWHSHWVY[HJP}UKLLZ[LLZ[\KPVLZKHY]PZPIPSPKHKHSHYLHSPKHKX\LZ\MYLU
SHZWLYZVUHZLUKLZLTWSLVKLZKL\UTHYJVKLJVTWYLUZP}UKLSHZPTWSPJHJPVULZX\LSHH\ZLUJPHKL
LTWSLV[PLULLUWLYZVUHZJVUJYL[HZ
2. METODOLOGÍA
7HYHLSSVNYVKLSVIQL[P]VWYVW\LZ[VZLOH\[PSPaHKV\UHTL[VKVSVNxHWYPUJPWHSTLU[LJ\HSP[H[P]HJVU
TH[PJLZJ\HU[P[H[P]VZW\LZZLI\ZJHSHJVTWYLUZP}UKLSHYLHSPKHKLZ[\KPHKHKLZKL\ULUMVX\LJVTWSLQV
:L\ZHSHTL[VKVSVNxHKLSLZ[\KPVKLJHZVKLZKL\ULUMVX\LIPVNYmÄJVUHYYH[P]V:[HRL ,Z\[PSP
aHKVLSHUmSPZPZKLSKPZJ\YZVKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZYLJVWPSHKVJVUH`\KHKLLU[YL]PZ[HZLUWYVM\UKPKHKJVTV
instrumento de recogida de datos.
3HT\LZ[YHKLSLZ[\KPVLZ[mJVTW\LZ[HWVYKPLaPUMVYTHU[LZJPUJVT\QLYLZ`JPUJVOVTIYLZJ\`V
HUVUPTH[VZLWYLZLY]HIHQVWZL\K}UPTVZ3HTP[HKKLLSSVZZVUTH`VYLZKLH|VZ,UJ\HU[VHZ\
MVYTHJP}UPUPJPHS[YLZ[PLULU,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH"JPUJV,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH"`KVZOHUJ\YZHKVLZ[\KPVZ
Z\WLYPVYLZ;VKVZLSSVZJ\TWSLUSVZKVZZPN\PLU[LZYLX\PZP[VZ!
:LYTH`VYKLH|VZ
,UJVU[YHYZLLUZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWSLVK\YHU[L\UWLYPVKVZ\WLYPVYHTLZLZ
7HYHLSHUmSPZPZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UYLJHIHKHZL\[PSPa}LSZVM[^HYLPUMVYTm[PJVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UJ\HSP[H[P]H
8:95\KPZ[5=P]V*VUH`\KHKLLZ[LWYVNYHTHKLSKPZJ\YZVKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZZLHUHSPa}KLMVYTH
OVYPaVU[HSSHJH[LNVYxH¸ZPNUPÄJHKVKLS[YHIHQV¹7HYHLSSVZLOHUJH[LNVYPaHKVHWHY[PYKLSVZKH[VZKL
MVYTHLTLYNLU[LSVZMYHNTLU[VZKL[L_[VYLSHJPVUHKVZJVULZ[HL_[YH`LUKV\U[V[HSKLJPUJVZ\IJH[LNV
YxHZ3HPUMVYTHJP}UZLOHJVKPÄJHKV[HTIPtUH[YH]tZKL[YLZH[YPI\[VZ!SHMYHUQHKLLKHKKLSVZPUMVYTHU
[LZLSNtULYV`SHMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSX\LOHUWLYTP[PKVSHYLHSPaHJP}UKLJY\JLZKLPUMVYTHJP}U
3. RESULTADOS
( WHY[PY KL SVZ WYVJLKPTPLU[VZ ` HUmSPZPZ TLUJPVUHKVZ JVU HU[LYPVYPKHK ZL VI[PLULU SVZ YLZ\S[HKVZ
X\LHJVU[PU\HJP}UZLYLSH[HU,Z[VZZLLZ[Y\J[\YHULUKVZHWHY[HKVZLULSWYPTLYVKLLSSVZZLT\LZ[YHSH
PUMVYTHJP}UWVYJHZVZHUHSPaHKVZHJVU[PU\HJP}ULULSZLN\UKVZLJY\aHSHPUMVYTHJP}ULUM\UJP}UKLSVZ
H[YPI\[VZ¸NtULYV¹¸LKHK¹`¸MVYTHJP}UPUPJPHS¹KLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZ
:PNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQV
+LSKPZJ\YZVHUHSPaHKVLUYLSHJP}UHSHZ[YH`LJ[VYPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZLTLYNLUU\TLYVZHZHS\ZPVULZH
ZPNUPÄJHKVZ ` ZLU[PKVZ X\L SVZ PUMVYTHU[LZ V[VYNHU HS LTWSLV 3HZ HJLWJPVULZ TmZ MYLJ\LU[LZ LU SVZ
KPZJ\YZVZZLYLJVNLUSH;HISHLUM\UJP}UKLSPUMVYTHU[L
Tabla 1. 9LMLYLUJPHZHSVZZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVZLNUSVZJHZVZKLLZ[\KPV
Deméter
Hiperión
*HSxVWL
Themis
Atenea
TOTAL
:PNUPÄJHKVZKLS
Hestia
Apolo
Orfeo
Atlas
Zeus
trabajo
:xTIVSVKL0KLU[PKHK 4 26
Ocupación del tiempo 8
Sustento económico 5 13
Estabilidad emocional 4 10
Sentimiento de utilidad
TOTAL 9 9 7 4 6 4 1 1 6 62
Fuente: ,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH
([LUKPLUKVHSWSHUV]LY[PJHSKLSH;HISHZLW\LKLVIZLY]HYLUSHÄSHKL[V[HSLZSHJHU[PKHKKLYLMLYLU
JPHZX\LJHKHZ\QL[VOHJLHHSN\UVKLSVZZLU[PKVZKLS[YHIHQV,Z[LKH[VUVZKHWPZ[HZJ\HU[P[H[P]HZX\L
ZPUZLYKL[LYTPUHU[LZHW\U[HUHS]HSVYKLSLTWSLVWHYHJHKH\UVKLSVZJHZVZ+LLZ[LTVKVZLVIZLY]H
JVTV;OLTPZ`/LZ[PH[HUZVSV[PLULU\UHHS\ZP}UHZPNUPÄJHKVZKLSLTWSLVLUZ\Z]PKHZW\LZWHYHLSSHZ
LS[YHIHQVLZHSNVZLJ\UKHYPV4PLU[YHZX\L([SHZ*HSxVWL`6YMLVZVUSVZPUMVYTHU[LZX\LTmZYLMLYLUJPHZ
OHJLUHSHPTWVY[HUJPHKLSLTWSLV+LZ[HJHU([LULH`(WVSVWVYTVZ[YHY\UH]PZP}UT\S[PKPTLUZPVUHSKLS
ZPNUPÄJHKVKLSLTWSLVOHJPLUKVHS\ZP}UHSHZJPUJVHJLWJPVULZLUHSNUTVTLU[VKLZ\KPZJ\YZV
Tabla 2. 5TLYVKLYLMLYLUJPHZHSVZZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVÙTLYVKLJHZVZX\LSHZHS\KLU
6LJQLðFDGRVGHOWUDEDMR6 Nº Casos Nº Referencias

:xTIVSVKL0KLU[PKHK0
6J\WHJP}UKLS[PLTWV6
:\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJV:
,Z[HIPSPKHKLTVJPVUHS, 5
:LU[PTPLU[VKL\[PSPKHK< 4 5
,USH;HISHZLVIZLY]HX\LLSZPNUPÄJHKVKLS[YHIHQVJVU\UTH`VYUTLYVKLHS\ZPVULZWVYWHY[L
KL SVZ JHZVZ KL LZ[\KPV LZ LS LTWSLV JVTV ZxTIVSV KL PKLU[PKHK JVU HS\ZPVULZ ,_JLW[\HUKV H
;OLTPZ`/LZ[PHJ\`HZ[YH`LJ[VYPHZ]P[HSLZZLOHUVYPLU[HKVWYPUJPWHSTLU[LOHJPHLSJ\PKHKV`H[LUJP}UKL
SHMHTPSPH[VKVZSVZLU[YL]PZ[HKVZZLPKLU[PÄJHULUTH`VYVTLUVYTLKPKHJVUSHWYVMLZP}UHSHX\LZLOHU
KLKPJHKV,SJHZVX\LWYLZLU[HTH`VYMYLJ\LUJPHKLYLMLYLUJPHZLULZ[LZLU[PKVLZ([SHZJVU HS\ZPVULZ
LULSKPZJ\YZV]LY;HISHLUSHZX\LPU[LNYHZ\]PKHWYVMLZPVUHSJVUZ\WYVWPHPKLU[PKHKWLYZVUHS3HPKLU
[PKHKJVTVLSLJ[YPJPZ[HKL([SHZOHZPKVJYLHKHJVULSWHZVKLSVZH|VZKLZLTWL|HUKVSHWYVMLZP}UZPU
LTIHYNVSVZWYVJLZVZKLJVUZ[Y\JJP}UKLSHPKLU[PKHKZPN\LUY\TIVZKP]LYZVZ,ULZ[LZLU[PKVKLZ[HJH
LSJHZVKL*HSxVWLW\LZZ\PKLU[PKHKWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLSHZTmZM\LY[LZ`HSJVU[YHYPVX\LV[YVZPUMVYTHU
[LZLZ[HZLOHJYLHKVHWHY[PYKLZ\MVYTHJP}UJVTVTHLZ[YHH\UX\LU\UJHOH[LUPKVSHVWVY[\UPKHK
KLLQLYJLYJVTV[HSHL_JLWJP}UKLZ\JVY[HL_WLYPLUJPHLU\UHLZJ\LSHPUMHU[PS,UJ\HSX\PLYJHZVJVTV
YLM\LYaHULZ[VZYLZ\S[HKVZLSLTWSLV`HZLHLQLYJPKVVHUOLSHKVKLZLTWL|H\UYVSYLSL]HU[LLUSHJVUZ
[Y\JJP}UKLSHPKLU[PKHKKLHOxSHMVY[HSLaHKLSHZHS\ZPVULZJVU[LUPKHZLULSKPZJ\YZVKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZ`
SHJYPZPZLTVJPVUHSX\LOHNLULYHKVZ\WtYKPKHLUHSN\UVZKLSVZZ\QL[VZ
3HVJ\WHJP}UKLS[PLTWVLZLSZLN\UKVZPNUPÄJHKVX\LHWHYLJLLUSVZKPZJ\YZVZKLTmZPUMVYTHU[LZ
ZPL[LKLLSSVZOHJLUHS\ZP}UHtS5VVIZ[HU[LHWHYLJLKLMVYTHZ\WLYÄJPHSZPUNVaHYKLNYHUMVY[HSLaH
KPZJ\YZP]HLUUPUN\UVKLSVZJHZVZKLLZ[\KPVWVY[HU[VZ}SVKPZWVULKLYLMLYLUJPHZ,SLTWSLVJVTV
Z\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJVLZ[YH[HKVWVYKLSVZJHZVZWLYVLZLZWLJPHSTLU[LYLSL]HU[LWHYH*HSxVWLKLIPKVH
Z\ZP[\HJP}UWLYZVUHSW\LZLZ]P\KH`THKYLKLKVZOPQVZ7HYHLSSHLSLTWSLVLZHJ[\HSTLU[L\UHULJL
ZPKHK\UHMVYTHKLZ\WLY]P]LUJPHJVTVT\LZ[YHUZ\ZWHSHIYHZ!WVYX\LLZX\LJSHYV¦KLX\t]P]LZ&,Z
X\L[PLULZX\L[YHIHQHYKVUKLZLH®::*HSxVWL9LM
,SLTWSLV[HTIPtUQ\LNH\UYVSKLTHYJHKHPTWVY[HUJPHLUSHLZ[HIPSPKHKLTVJPVUHSKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZ
3HTP[HKKLLSSVZYLJVUVJLUHIPLY[HTLU[LX\LSHH\ZLUJPHKLLTWSLVOH[LUPKV\UM\LY[LPTWHJ[VLTV
JPVUHSLUZ\Z]PKHZ,ULSJHZVKL6YMLVLZ[LZPNUPÄJHKVLZ[mLZWLJPHSTLU[LHJLU[\HKVW\LZHSVSHYNV
KLZ\KPZJ\YZVKLQHLU[YL]LYLSWYVM\UKVKLZJVUZ\LSVWYVK\JPKVWVYSHY\W[\YHKLZ\[YH`LJ[VYPHSHIVYHS
JVTVZLYLÅLQHLUSHJY\KLaHKLSZPN\PLU[LMYHNTLU[VL_[YHxKVKLZ\KPZJ\YZV!LZWHYHX\LZLTLOH`HPKV
SHJHILaHZP`VUVTLOL[PYHKVWVYLSW\LU[LLZWVYX\LTLHNVZ[HYVUZPUV`VUVLZ[V`]P]VOV`®:,
6YMLV9LM7VYS[PTVJ\H[YVKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZKLZ[HJHULUYLMLYLUJPHZX\LLSLTWSLVLZ\UTLKPV
WHYHZLY`ZLU[PYZL[PS+LZKLLZ[LWSHU[LHTPLU[V(WVSVHÄYTHX\LKLJPKLI\ZJHY\UU\L]VLTWSLV[YHZ
Z\KLZWPKVUV[HU[VWVYULJLZPKHKLJVU}TPJHZPUVWVYLZ[LTV[P]V
:PNUPÄJHKVZLUM\UJP}UKLSHLKHKLSNtULYV`SHMVYTHJP}U
(JVU[PU\HJP}ULUSH;HISHZLT\LZ[YHLSUTLYVKLPUMVYTHU[LZX\LHS\KLUHSVZKPMLYLU[LZZPNUPÄ
JHKVZKLS[YHIHQVLUM\UJP}UKLSHLKHKLSNtULYV`SHMVYTHJP}U*VTVLZ[H[HISHPUKPJHLSNtULYVKLSH
WLYZVUHLZ\UH]HYPHISLX\LPUÅ\`LJVUZPKLYHISLTLU[LLUHSN\UVZKLSVZZPNUPÄJHKVZV[VYNHKVZHSLTWSLV
:PULTIHYNVUVZLHWYLJPHUM\LY[LZKPZJYLWHUJPHZLUM\UJP}UKLSHLKHKVSHMVYTHJP}UKLSPUMVYTHU[L
HSTHYNLUKL\UTH`VYHÄHUaHTPLU[VKLSHPKLU[PKHKWYVMLZPVUHSLUSVZZ\QL[VZTH`VYLZKLH|VZ3VZ
JPUJVPUMVYTHU[LZX\LZ\WLYHULZ[HLKHKOHJLUHS\ZP}UHS[YHIHQVJVTVZxTIVSVKLPKLU[PKHKZ\QL[VZX\L
[HTIPtUJVPUJPKLULUZ\SHYNH[YH`LJ[VYPHLU\UUPJVZLJ[VYWYVMLZPVUHS
Tabla 3. 5TLYVKLJHZVZX\LHS\KLUHZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVZLNULSNtULYV
SHLKHK`SHMVYTHJP}UKLSVZPUMVYTHU[LZ
Edad Género Formación
E. S. (II) prof.
TOTAL
Hombres
6LJQLðFDGRVGHOWUDEDMR E. S. (II)4
Mujeres
E. Sup.6
E.S. (I)3

E. P.2
(S)

:xTIVSVKLPKLU[PKHK 5 5 8
6J\WHJP}UKLS[PLTWV 4 4 7
:\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJV 4 6
,Z[HIPSPKHKLTVJPVUHS 4
:LU[PTPLU[VKL\[PSPKHK 4
7HYHLZJSHYLJLYSVZKH[VZLUJ\HU[VHNtULYVLUSH;HISHZLKLZNSVZHLSUTLYVKLYLMLYLUJPHZ
ZLNULZ[LH[YPI\[V*VTVZLHWYLJPHLUKPJOH[HISHLSTH`VYWLZVKLHS\ZPVULZHSZPNUPÄJHKVKLSLTWSLV
ZLZP[HLULSSHKVKLSVZOVTIYLZTVZ[YHUKV\U[V[HSKLYLMLYLUJPHZKL]HYVULZMYLU[LHKLSHZ
T\QLYLZ,U[VKHZSHZHJLWJPVULZKLSLTWSLVZHS]VLULS[YHIHQVJVTVZ\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJVZLT\LZ[YH
\UTH`VYUTLYVKLHS\ZPVULZWVYWHY[LKLSVZOVTIYLZ,Z[HTH`VYxHKLYLMLYLUJPHZHS]HSVYKLSLTWSLV
JVTV Z\Z[LU[V LJVU}TPJV WVY WHY[L KL SHZ T\QLYLZ YVTWL SH [LUKLUJPH NLULYHS H JH\ZH KLS LSL]HKV
UTLYVKLHS\ZPVULZX\LOHJL*HSxVWLHSMHJ[VYLJVU}TPJVJVTVT\LZ[YHSH;HISHKLIPKVHZ\ZP[\H

,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH

,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH7YPTLYH,[HWH
4
,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH:LN\UKH,[HWH
5
,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH:LN\UKH,[HWHJVUVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS

,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVY
JP}UKLWYLJHYPLKHKLJVU}TPJH`HSHJHYLUJPHKLHWV`VZLJVU}TPJVZMHTPSPHYLZHJH\ZHKLZ\]P\KLKHK
5VVIZ[HU[LLUM\UJP}UKLSUTLYVKLJHZVZX\LSVPUJS\`LULUZ\KPZJ\YZV]LY;HISHZLVIZLY]H
J}TVLSTPZTVUTLYVKLOVTIYLZX\LKLT\QLYLZ[YLZLUJHKHJHZVOHISHUKLSLTWSLVJVTVZ\Z[LU[V
LJVU}TPJV
Tabla 4. 5TLYVKLYLMLYLUJPHZHZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVZLNULSNtULYV
6LJQLðFDGRVGHOWUDEDMR Nº Referencias
(S) Mujeres Hombres Ambos
:xTIVSVKL0KLU[PKHK 26
6J\WHJP}UKLS[PLTWV 5 8
:\Z[LU[VLJVU}TPJV 5 13
,Z[HIPSPKHKLTVJPVUHS 10
:LU[PTPLU[VKL\[PSPKHK 4
TOTAL 22 40 62
(\UX\LOVTIYLZ`T\QLYLZJVPUJPKLULUOHJLY\UHTH`VYHS\ZP}UHSLTWSLVJVTVZxTIVSVKLPKLU
[PKHKX\LHSHZV[YHZHJLWJPVULZJVU[LTWSHKHZSVZOVTIYLZJHZPK\WSPJHUSHJPMYHKLHS\ZPVULZLULZ[L
ZLU[PKVZPLUKVZ\ZYLMLYLUJPHZMYLU[LH KLSHZT\QLYLZ([LUKPLUKVHSUTLYVKLJHZVZX\LZLWYV
U\UJPHUHSYLZWLJ[VU\L]HTLU[LZLVIZLY]HJ}TVLS[V[HSKLSVZ]HYVULZLU[YL]PZ[HKVZZLPKLU[PÄJHUJVU
Z\WYVMLZP}ULUHSNUTVTLU[VKLZ\KPZJ\YZVTPLU[YHZX\L[HUZ}SVSVOHJLU[YLZT\QLYLZ
,UJ\HU[VHSHZKPZJYLWHUJPHZZVYWYLUKLVIZLY]HYSHNYHUKPMLYLUJPHL_PZ[LU[LLUM\UJP}UKLSNtULYV
LU SHZ YLMLYLUJPHZ HS ZPNUPÄJHKV ¸LZ[HIPSPKHK LTVJPVUHS¹ 4PLU[YHZ X\L WHYH SVZ OVTIYLZ LZ \UV KL SVZ
WYPUJPWHSLZZLU[PKVZKLSLTWSLVTHUPÄLZ[VLU YLMLYLUJPHZ`LUJ\H[YVKLSVZJPUJVJHZVZLULSJHZV
KLSHZT\QLYLZ[HUZVSVOH`\UHHS\ZP}UHLSSV3HZJVUZLJ\LUJPHZWZPJVS}NPJHZKLSKLZLTWSLVHWHYLJLU
TmZHJLU[\HKHZLULSOVTIYLX\LLUSHT\QLYWVZPISLTLU[LKLIPKVHSVZYVSLZ[YHKPJPVUHSLZKLNtULYV
X\LHUWYPTHULULZ[HMYHUQHKLLKHK
,SZPNUPÄJHKVLULSX\LZLW\LKLHWYLJPHY\UHTH`VYWYV_PTPKHKLU[YLHTIVZNtULYVZYLMLYLUJPHZ
KLOVTIYLZMYLU[LHYLMLYLUJPHZKLKLSHZT\QLYLZLZLSLTWSLVJVTV¸VJ\WHJP}UKLS[PLTWV¹5V
VIZ[HU[LLULZ[LZLU[PKVZLLZ[HISLJLUTH[PJLZX\LJVU]PLULZL|HSHY4PLU[YHZX\LWHYHSVZOVTIYLZ
LU[YL]PZ[HKVZSHH\ZLUJPHKLLTWSLVKLQH\U]HJxVLUZ\Z]PKHZX\LSLZKLTHUKHHJ[P]PKHKJVTVLULS
JHZVKLAL\Z*\HUKVTLLUJ\LU[YVLUSHJHSSL`V`KPNV!¸§6Z[YHZ(X\xOH`X\Lmoverse, y yo no puedo
estar en el sofá sentado todo el día, necesito hacer algo, necesito a las 8 de la mañana salir…”» :.6
AL\Z 9LM " SHZ T\QLYLZ LU[YL]PZ[HKHZ JVU YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZ MHTPSPHYLZ ` ZPU WYVISLTHZ LJVU}TPJVZ
WSHU[LHULSLTWSLVJVTV\UJVTWSLTLU[VHZ\HJ[P]PKHKKVTtZ[PJHX\LUVLZPTWLYPVZHTLU[LULJLZHYPV
WHYHZLU[PYZL[PSLZJVTVT\LZ[YHUSHZIHQHZHS\ZPVULZHLZ[HV[YHHJLWJP}U9LJVYKLTVZH[HSLMLJ[VSHZ
WHSHIYHZKL;OLTPZ“me gustaría trabajar, pero que no…, que tengo otras tareas” :.6;OLTPZ9LM
4. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES
,SLZ[\KPVYLZWVUKLHZ\VIQL[P]VKLWHY[PKHW\LZKLZLU[YH|HSHZKPMLYLU[LZYLHSPKHKLZ`Z\IYH`HSVZ
KP]LYZVZZPNUPÄJHKVZX\L[PLULLSLTWSLVWHYHSVZPUMVYTHU[LZLU[YL]PZ[HKVZ
3VZYLZ\S[HKVZHS\KLUHJPUJVNYHUKLZZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVX\LHKTP[LUPUÄUP[VZTH[PJLZ`JVU
JYLJPVULZLUM\UJP}UKLJHKHWLYZVUH`ZP[\HJP}U:LW\LKLVIZLY]HYJ}TVWHYHSHTH`VYWHY[LKLSVZ
PUMVYTHU[LZ LS [YHIHQV [PLUL T\JOVZ TmZ ]HSVYLZ ` TH[PJLZ X\L LS ZPTWSL Z\Z[LU[V LJVU}TPJV ,SZ[LY
X\L[HUZVSVLZYLHSTLU[LWYLVJ\WHU[LWHYH*HSxVWLKLIPKVHZ\ZJPYJ\UZ[HUJPHZWLYZVUHSLZ,S
LTWSLVJVTVZxTIVSVKLPKLU[PKHKLZSHJH[LNVYxHTmZYLMLYPKHWVYSVZPUMVYTHU[LZW\LZT\JOVZKLLSSVZ
H[YH]PLZHU\UH¸JYPZPZKLPKLU[PKHK¹NLULYHKHWVYZ\ZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWSLV+\IHYX\LSLZSSL]HH
YLLUMVJHYZ\]PKHLULSWSHUV[HU[VWYVMLZPVUHSJVTVWLYZVUHS
,UJ\HU[VHSVZHUmSPZPZLUM\UJP}UKLSHLKHKVSHMVYTHJP}UKLSPUMVYTHU[LJHILKLZ[HJHYX\LUV
ZLHWYLJPHUNYHUKLZKPZJYLWHUJPHZLU[VYUVHLZ[LJY\JLKLPUMVYTHJP}UHL_JLWJP}UKL\UHPKLU[PKHK
WYVMLZPVUHSTmZKLÄUPKHLUSVZPUMVYTHU[LZTH`VYLZKLH|VZ`JVU\UHSHYNH[YH`LJ[VYPHSHIVYHSLULS
TPZTVZLJ[VY:PULTIHYNVLUM\UJP}UKLSNtULYVZLW\LKLHWYLJPHYJ}TVSVZOVTIYLZJHZPK\WSPJHUSHZ
HS\ZPVULZHZPNUPÄJHKVZKLS[YHIHQVX\LOHJLUSHZT\QLYLZVIZLY]HUKVSVZTH`VYLZJVU[YHZ[LZLUSHJH[L
NVYxHLZ[HIPSPKHKLTVJPVUHST\`THYJHKHLULSJHZVKLSVZ]HYVULZ,Z[VW\LKLHW\U[HYH\UHWYPTHJxH
KLSVZYVSLZ[YHKPJPVUHSLZKLNtULYVLULZ[HMYHUQHKLLKHKJVPUJPKPLUKVJVUSVZHZLY[VZKL7V]LKH
,UKLÄUP[P]HLZ[LLZ[\KPVWYL[LUKLKHY]PZPIPSPKHKHSHJVTWSLQHYLHSPKHK]P]PKHWVYSHZT\QLYLZÒVT
IYLZ TH`VYLZ KL H|VZ LU ZP[\HJP}U KL KLZLTWSLV WHYH WYVTV]LY ` YLP]PUKPJHY SH ULJLZPKHK KL \U
[YHIHQVKPNUVWHYHLZ[VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZX\L]HSVYLZ\L_WLYPLUJPHWYVMLZPVUHS`Z\[YH`LJ[VYPHJVUZPKLYHUKV
Z\LKHKJVTV\U]HSVYH|HKPKV`HIYPLUKVSHZW\LY[HZHSHKP]LYZPKHKNLULYHJPVUHSLULS[YHIHQV
5. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
+\IHY*La crisis de las identidades. La interpretación de una mutación)HYJLSVUH!,KPJPVULZ

)LSSH[LYYH
,SZ[LY 1 +LZLTWSLV ` Q\Z[PJPH ZVJPHS Revista Internacional de Sociología (RIS)
KVP! YPZ
05,9LZ\S[HKVZUHJPVUHSLZ7HYHKVZ9LJ\WLYHKVLSKLQ\UPVKLKLhttp://www.ine.es/
dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?padre=982&capsel=986
2YVSS3, 3HTWLY[;(YILP[ZSVZPNRLP[ZVaPHSL<U[LYZ[[a\UN\UKNLZ\UKOLP[SPJOL)LZJO^LYKLU
Deutsches fYa[LISH[[, 108
5VN\LYH 1 ( ,S JVUJLW[V KL [YHIHQV ` SH [LVYxH ZVJPHS JYx[PJH Papers: Revista de sociología

7V]LKH443VZS\ULZHSZVS®VSVZS\ULZLUJHZH®9VSLZKLNtULYV`]P]LUJPHZKLS[PLTWVKL
KLZLTWSLVCuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 24
:[HRL9 *HZLZ[\K`,U5+LUaPU @:3PUJVSUHandbook of qualitative researchWW
;OV\ZHUK6HRZ!:HNL
:\IPYH[Z1Pobreza y exclusión social. Un análisis de la realidad española y europea.)HYJLSVUH!
-\UKHJP}U3H*HP_H
Miguel A. Santos Rego
,:*<3*(¶9LKL90,:
Aprendizaje-servicio
KL*VTWVZ[LSH (ApS) y empleabilidad
de los estudiantes
TPN\LSHUNLSZHU[VZ'\ZJLZ
Mar Lorenzo Moledo
,:*<3*(¶9LKL90,:
universitarios en
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
TKLSTHYSVYLUaV'\ZJLZ España. Diseño de una
Ígor Mella Núñez
.Y\WVKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U investigación1
,:*<3*(¶9LKL90,:
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
ÐNVY4LSSH5|La
,:*<3*(¶9LKL90,: Resumen
KL*VTWVZ[LSH ,S LZ[\KPV X\L HX\x ZL WYLZLU[H LZ MY\[V KLS [YHIHQV
QLZ\ZNHYJPHHS]HYLa'\ZJLZ
JVUQ\U[V KL ZPL[L \UP]LYZPKHKLZ LZWH|VSHZ LU LS X\L
WYL[LUKLTVZHUHSPaHYSHYLSHJP}ULU[YLWYV`LJ[VZKL(W:
KL JHSPKHK ` LS KLZHYYVSSV KL SHZ SSHTHKHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ
NLUtYPJHZV[YHUZ]LYZHSLZPUZ[Y\TLU[HSLZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZ
` ZPZ[tTPJHZ WYVW\LZ[HZ LU WYV`LJ[VZ KL NYHU HSJHUJL
JVTVLZLSJHZVKL;\UPUNV9LÅL_`KPYLJ[HTLU[L]PUJ\
SHKHZHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZHZ7HYHLSSV
ZL OHYm \ZV KL \U WSHU[LHTPLU[V TL[VKVS}NPJV KP]LYZV
[tJUPJHZ J\HU[P[H[P]HZ ` J\HSP[H[P]HZ 3V X\L LZWLYHTVZ
JVUZLN\PYJVULSWYV`LJ[VLZ]PUJ\SHYSHTL[VKVSVNxHKLS
HWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV JVU LS KLZHYYVSSV KL JVTWL[LUJPHZ
NLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZX\LZLKLTHUKHUHSVZ\UP]LYZP
[HYPVZHZ KLZKL LS TLYJHKV SHIVYHS" ` H]HUaHY TLKPHU[L
[HSTL[VKVSVNxHLUSH]HSPKHJP}U`YLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSVZ
HWYLUKPaHQLZ X\L SVZHZ Q}]LULZ HKX\PLYLU LU SH LK\JH
JP}UZ\WLYPVY
Palabras clave: HWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV"LTWSLHIPSPKHK"
JHSPKHK"LK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY"JVTWL[LUJPHZ
Abstract
;OPZZ[\K`^PSSIL[OLYLZ\S[VMQVPU[^VYRVMZL]LU:WH
UPZO\UP]LYZP[PLZPUÔPJO^L[Y`[VHUHSàL[OLYLSH[PVUZOPW
IL[^LLUX\HSP[`:3WYVQLJ[ZHUK[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL
ZVJHSSLKNLULYPJVY[YHUZ]LYZHSJVTWL[LUJLZPUZ[Y\TLU
[HSPU[LYWLYZVUHSHUKZ`Z[LTPJWYVWVZLKPUMHYYLHJOPUN
WYVQLJ[Z Z\JO HZ ;\UPUN VY 9LÅL_ KPYLJ[S` SPURLK [V [OL
LTWSV`HIPSP[`VM\UP]LYZP[`NYHK\H[LZ-VY[OPZW\YWVZLH
KP]LYZLTL[OVKVSVNPJHSHWWYVHJO^PSSIL\ZLKX\HU[P[H[P]L

,Z[L[YHIHQVZLKLYP]HKLS7YV`LJ[VKL0+P¸(WYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV
HWZ`LTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZLU,ZWH|H!
JVTWL[LUJPHZWHYHSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS¹ÄUHUJPHKVWVYLS4PUPZ[L
YPVKL*PLUJPH0UUV]HJP}U`<UP]LYZPKHKLZMVUKVZ-,+,9JVTV
WYV`LJ[VKL0+P¸9L[VZ0U]LZ[PNHJP}U¹KLS7YVNYHTH,Z[H[HSKL
0+P6YPLU[HKHHSVZ9L[VZKLSH:VJPLKHK,+< 9
HUKX\HSP[H[P]L[LJOUPX\LZ;OLÄYZ[VIQLJ[P]LVM[OLWYVQLJ[PZ[VSPUR[OLZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNTL[OVKVSVN`[V
[OL KL]LSVWTLU[ VM NLULYPJ[YHUZ]LYZHS JVTWL[LUJLZ KLTHUKLK I` [OL SHIVY THYRL[ [V \UP]LYZP[` NYH
K\H[LZ"[OLZLJVUKVIQLJ[P]LPZ[VTV]LMVY^HYK[OYV\NOZ\JOTL[OVKVSVN`[V^HYK[OL]HSPKH[PVUHUK
YLJVNUP[PVUVM[OLSLHYUPUNV\[JVTLZNHPULKI``V\UNWLVWSLPU/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU
Keywords:ZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN"LTWSV`HIPSP[`"X\HSP[`"OPNOLYLK\JH[PVU"ZRPSSZ
Introducción
( SH \UP]LYZPKHK HJ[\HS ZL SL V[VYNH SH TPZP}U KL [YHUZTP[PY H Z\ HS\TUHKV SHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ X\L
NHYHU[PJLU Z\ HKLJ\HKV KLZHYYVSSV UV ZVSV WLYZVUHS ZPUV [HTIPtU WYVMLZPVUHS 5V W\LKL L_[YH|HY WVY
LSSVSHTH`VYH[LUJP}UX\LOV`JVUJLKLUSHZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZHSHZTL[VKVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LW\LKLU
Z\WVULY\UWS\ZLULSSVNYVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZJVNUP[P]VZVJPHSLZWVYSVZHZHS\TUVZHZ,Z[LLZLSZLU[PKV
V[VYNHKV HS LUMVX\L TL[VKVS}NPJV KLS HWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV LU SH \UP]LYZPKHK W\LZ JVTV L_WSPJHYLTVZ
LULZ[L[YHIHQVZ\WV[LUJPHSZLHZVJPHUVZVSVHSKLZHYYVSSVHJHKtTPJVKLSHS\TUHKVZPUV[HTIPtUHSH
HKX\PZPJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZJx]PJVZVJPHSLZLU[HU[VX\LWLYTP[LHSHS\TUHKVZP[\HYZ\HWYLUKPaHQLLU\U
LU[VYUVJVT\UP[HYPV`ZVJPHS:HU[VZ9LNV:V[LSPUV`3VYLUaV
*VTVLU[VKHWYmJ[PJHLK\JH[P]HLSPTWHJ[VX\LZLKLYP]LKLZ\PTWSLTLU[HJP}ULUSH\UP]LYZPKHK
ZL]LYmJVUKPJPVUHKVWVY\UHZLYPLKLMHJ[VYLZ`]HYPHISLZTLKPHKVYHZX\LKL[LYTPUHYmUSHLÄJHJPHKLSVZ
WYV`LJ[VZ,ZKLHOxX\LW\LKLUZ\YNPYJSHYVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLJHSPKHKLU\UWYV`LJ[VKLHWYLUKPaHQLZLY
]PJPV SPNHKVZ H SH VW[PTPaHJP}U KL SVZ YLZ\S[HKVZ X\L ZL WYL]tU HSJHUaHY LU SVZ LZ[\KPHU[LZ +LILTVZ
HUHSPaHYWVY[HU[VSHYLSHJP}ULU[YLWYV`LJ[VZKL(W:KLJHSPKHK`LSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHZSSHTHKHZJVTWL
[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZV[YHUZ]LYZHSLZPUZ[Y\TLU[HSLZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZ`ZPZ[tTPJHZWYVW\LZ[HZLUPUMVYTLZ
PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZKPYLJ[HTLU[L]PUJ\SHKHZHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZHZ
1\Z[HTLU[LLULZ[L[YHIHQVWYLZLU[HTVZLSKPZL|VKL\UHHTWSPHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULUSHX\LWHY[PJPWHU
PU]LZ[PNHKVYLZKLZPL[L\UP]LYZPKHKLZLZWH|VSHZ`[YLZL_[YHUQLYHZ`X\LWYL[LUKL[YLZVIQL[P]VZWYPUJPWH
SLZ!
·0KLU[PÄJHY X\t JVTWL[LUJPHZ YLX\PLYL LS TLYJHKV SHIVYHS H SVZ Q}]LULZ KLTHUKHU[LZ KL WYPTLY
LTWSLV
·,]HS\HYSHLÄJHJPHKLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVWHYHTLQVYHYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
KLSVZHZLZ[\KPHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZHZ
·+PZL|HY\UTVKLSVKLJLY[PÄJHJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLUSH\UP]LYZPKHK
(ZxW\LZ\UHKLSHZNYHUKLZWYL[LUZPVULZKLSWYV`LJ[VUVLZZPUVH]HUaHYTLKPHU[LLSHWYLUKPaH
QLZLY]PJPVLUSH]HSPKHJP}U`YLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSVZHWYLUKPaHQLZX\LSVZQ}]LULZHKX\PLYLULUSHLK\JHJP}U
Z\WLYPVY;HSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VX\LSSLNHOHZ[H\UHWYVW\LZ[HLZWLJxÄJHKL\UTVKLSVKLJLY[PÄJHJP}UKL
JVTWL[LUJPHZ[LUKYm\UHZLYPLKLILULÄJPVZJSHYVZ!WVY\USHKVZLY\ULQLTWSVKLI\LUHWYmJ[PJHWHYH
LSYLZ[VKLPUZ[P[\JPVULZUHJPVUHSLZKLLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY"`WVYV[YVWYVWPJPHYLSJVU[HJ[V`]HSVYHJP}UKL
SVZHWYLUKPaHQLZHKX\PYPKVZLUV[YVZJVU[L_[VZJVT\UP[HYPVZ
7VYS[PTVLZKLQ\Z[PJPHYLJVYKHYX\LLSWYV`LJ[VX\LHX\xZLWYLZLU[HZLJVUMVYTHJVTVSHJVU[PU\H
JP}UKL\UVHU[LYPVY!¸(WYLUKPaHQL:LY]PJPVL0UUV]HJP}ULUSH<UP]LYZPKHK<UWYVNYHTHWHYHSHTLQVYHKLS
YLUKPTPLU[VHJHKtTPJV`LSJHWP[HSZVJPHSKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ¹,+<9.
1. El aprendizaje-servicio y la adquisición de competencias para la empleabilidad
,SHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVZLJVUÄN\YHJVTV\ULUMVX\LTL[VKVS}NPJVX\LJ\LU[H`HJVUJPLY[VYLJVYYPKV
\UP]LYZP[HYPVLUU\LZ[YVWHxZZPIPLUZ\VYPNLU`JVUZLJ\LU[LL_WHUZP}UWYPTHYPHZLZP[HLUSVZ,Z[HKVZ
<UPKVZKL(TtYPJH:HU[VZ9LNV0UÅ\PKVWVYSHJVYYPLU[LWLKHN}NPJHKLSWYHNTH[PZTVHTLYPJHUV
`SHZPKLHZKL1VOU+L^L`)YPUNSL`/H[JOLY SVOHUKLÄUPKVJVTV\UHL_WLYPLUJPHLK\JH[P]H
ZP[\HKHLU\UHTH[LYPHKLSJ\YYxJ\SVHJHKtTPJVHÄUKLX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZWHY[PJPWLULU\UHHJ[P]PKHK
KLZLY]PJPVX\LH[PLUKLHULJLZPKHKLZPKLU[PÄJHKHZLUZ\JVT\UPKHKKLSPILYHUKVZVIYL[HSZLY]PJPVLU
JVUL_P}UJVULSHWYLUKPaHQLKLSHHZPNUH[\YHVKPZJPWSPUHKLJVUVJPTPLU[VHKLTmZKLTLQVYHYZ\YLZWVU
ZHIPSPKHKJx]PJH

^^^\ZJLZHWZ\UP
:LNU V[YH YLJVUVJPKH KLÄUPJP}U WVKLTVZ WYLZLU[HY LS (W: JVTV ¸\UH WYVW\LZ[H LK\JH[P]H X\L
JVTIPUHWYVJLZVZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`KLZLY]PJPVHSHJVT\UPKHKLU\UZVSVWYV`LJ[VIPLUHY[PJ\SHKVLULS
X\LSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZZLMVYTHUHS[YHIHQHYZVIYLULJLZPKHKLZYLHSLZKLSLU[VYUVJVULSVIQL[P]VKLTLQV
YHYSV¹7\PN)H[SSL)VZJO`7HSVZW7HYHLSJHZVX\LUVZVJ\WHLULSWYV`LJ[VKLZ[HJHYLTVZ
LS\ZVKLS[tYTPUV¸[YHIHQHY¹LUSHKLÄUPJP}U`HX\LLSZLY]PJPVHSHJVT\UPKHKVMYLJPKVLU\UWYVNYHTHKL
(W:WLYTP[LHSHS\TUHKVTLQVYHYSVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZHJHKtTPJVZTLKPHU[LLS[YHIHQVLUJVU[L_[VZYLHSLZ
SHTH`VYxHKLSHZ]LJLZ]PUJ\SHKVZHHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ5H]HS.HYJxH3}WLa7\PN`:HU[VZ9LNV
":HU[VZ9LNV3VYLUaV`4LSSH
7HYH-\YJVLS]xUJ\SVLU[YL(W:`YLUKPTPLU[VHJHKtTPJVKLSHS\TUHKV\UP]LYZP[HYPVZLWYV
K\JL H [YH]tZ KL MHJ[VYLZ TLKPHKVYLZ H\[VLZ[PTH LTWVKLYHTPLU[V JVUK\J[H WYVZVJPHS TV[P]HJP}U
` JVTWYVTPZV X\L LZ KVUKL YLZPKLU SHZ WVZPIPSPKHKLZ KL LZ[H LZ[YH[LNPH LK\JH[P]H WHYH [YHIHQHY SHZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZ NLUtYPJHZ L PUJPKPY JVUZPN\PLU[LTLU[L LU SHZ LZWLJxÄJHZ KL JHKH mYLH (OVYH IPLU SHZ
KPÄJ\S[HKLZUVLZ[mULU[YHIHQHYJVTWL[LUJPHZZPUVLUOHJLYSVKL\UTVKVX\LWLYTP[HL]HS\HYZ\NYHKV
KLJVUZLJ\JP}U:PLU[LUKLTVZSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZJVTVSHJVUQ\NHJP}ULPU[LNYHJP}UKLJVTWVULU[LZ
KP]LYZVZJVULSÄUKLKHYYLZW\LZ[HH\UHZP[\HJP}UKL[LYTPUHKHSVX\LOHUKLPTWLYHYZVUZP[\HJPVULZ
YLHSLZX\LWLYTP[HUJVTWYVIHY`KHYJ\LU[HKLSNYHKVLUX\LZVUHKX\PYPKHZ;LQHKH
3V X\L ZL OH VIZLY]HKV LZ X\L LS (W: H`\KH H Z\WLYHY SH IYLJOH LU[YL [LVYxH ` WYmJ[PJH ` WLY
TP[LKLZHYYVSSHYJVTWL[LUJPHZZ\ZJLW[PISLZKLH`\KHYHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZHS\TUVZHZJVTVZVU
LS[YHIHQVLULX\PWVSHJVT\UPJHJP}ULÄJHaSHHZ\UJP}UKLYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZSHPUPJPH[P]HWLYZVUHS`SH
JHWHJPKHKKLVYNHUPaHJP}U`NLZ[P}U3LPTLY@\L`9VN\SRPU ";HWPH"SHHKHW[HIPSPKHKÅL_PIP
SPKHKNLZ[P}UKLS[PLTWV`YLZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZ)YVaTHUV]m/LPUaV]m`*OV]HUJV]m"+LLSL`
"SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZSPNHKHZHSHJVT\UPJHJP}U[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZ`TV]PSPKHK*VќL`
`3H]LY`"V[HTIPtUSHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKZVJPHS`SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZ/LILY[`/H\M
"7L[LYZVU>HYK^LSS>PSS`*HTWHUH
7LYVSVX\LJVUZPKLYHTVZYLHSTLU[LPTWVY[HU[LUVLZZVSVLSWV[LUJPHSKLS(W:LUSHHKX\PZPJP}UKL
LZ[HZJVTWL[LUJPHZZPUVZ\YLSHJP}UKPYLJ[HJVUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZNYHK\HKVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZ(ZxSV
YLP[LYHU5H]HS`(YI\tZHSJVUZ[H[HYJVTVLS(W:WVZPIPSP[HSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLKL[LYTPUHKHZJVT
WL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZX\LPUJPKLULUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSHQ\]LU[\K(SYLZWLJ[V\ULZ[\KPVWPVULYVLULS
THYJVL\YVWLVZVIYLJVTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLUSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZQ\]LUPSLZ:V\[V6[LYV<SPJUH
:JOHLWRLUZ`)VNUHYKLTVZ[Y}X\LUVZVSVZLKLZHYYVSSHUSHZTmZKLTHUKHKHZWVYSVZLTWSLH
KVYLZZPUVX\LLULZLZLJ[VYSVZQ}]LULZLZ[HISLJLUJVU[HJ[VZWLYZVUHSLZX\LH\TLU[HUZ\ZWVZPIPSPKH
KLZKLLUJVU[YHY\ULTWSLV:HU[VZ9LNV3VYLUaV`=maX\La9VKYxN\La
1.1. La calidad de los proyectos de ApS y la adquisición de competencias
3HJ\LZ[P}UKLSHJHSPKHKLULSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV\UP]LYZP[HYPVLZKLNYHUPTWVY[HUJPHW\LZUVLU
]HUVLSWLSPNYVX\LJVYYL[HSTL[VKVSVNxHKLPUUV]HJP}ULK\JH[P]HLZLSKLZ\IHUHSPaHJP}U\UHLZWLJPLKL
TVKHPUZ[P[\JPVUHSZPUTmZJVU[LUPKVUPYLJVYYPKVX\L\UJ\YZVV\UHQVYUHKHLU\UWSHUKLMVYTHJP}U
3VZJYP[LYPVZX\LSPTP[HUSHZTLQVYLZWYmJ[PJHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVZVU\ULSLTLU[VX\LTLYLJL
H[LUJP}U ZP SV X\L ZL WYL[LUKL LZ PUJYLTLU[HY SVZ UP]LSLZ KL JHSPKHK ` LZWLJPHSTLU[L SH JHSPKHK LU LS
HWYLUKPaHQL (Zx *VUULY ` ,YPJRZVU UVZ HK]PLY[LU X\L J\HUKV \U WYV`LJ[V KL (W: LZ[m WVIYL
TLU[LKPZL|HKVLPTWSLTLU[HKVW\LKLX\LZLKLYP]LUYLZ\S[HKVZPULZWLYHKVZLPUJS\ZVULNH[P]VZ5V
VIZ[HU[L0TWLYPHS7LYY``2H[\SHKLZW\tZKL\UHWYVM\UKHYL]PZP}UIPISPVNYmÄJHJVUJS\`LUX\L
ZPIPLUZLOHISHYLWL[PKHTLU[LKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZX\LZLKLYP]HUKLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVHWLUHZZLOHISH
KLJ}TVSHJHSPKHKLULSKPZL|VKLSVZWYV`LJ[VZKL[LYTPUH[HSLZYLZ\S[HKVZ,Z[VLZSVX\LSSL]}H)\[PU
HHÄYTHYX\LUVL_PZ[L\UHL]PKLUJPHLTWxYPJHZ}SPKHX\LKLÄUHJ\mSLZZVUSHZI\LUHZWYmJ[PJHZ
X\LKHUS\NHYHSVZI\LUVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLSVZX\LSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UUVZOHISH
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVWVKLTVZLUJVU[YHYJSHYVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLJHSPKHKLU\UWYV`LJ[VKL(W:LUHX\LSSHZ
]HYPHISLZTLKPHKVYHZX\LJVUKPJPVUHYmULSPTWHJ[VKLLZ[HZL_WLYPLUJPHZ`X\LLUS[PTHPUZ[HUJPHPUJPKP
YmULUSHVW[PTPaHJP}UKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LZLWYL[LUKLULUSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ
5H[\YHSTLU[L\UHJ\LZ[P}UKLNYHUPU[LYtZZVUSVZJVTWVULU[LZWLKHN}NPJVZPTWSPJHKVZLUSHJHSP
KHK KL SVZ WYV`LJ[VZ KL (W: WVY SV X\L UV OHU MHS[HKV N\xHZ ` YIYPJHZ KL L]HS\HJP}U ZVIYL W\U[VZ
U\JSLHYLZH[LULYWYLZLU[LZ0TWVY[HYxHPKLU[PÄJHYSHZ]HYPHISLZX\LTLKPHULSt_P[VKLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV
:L[YH[HYxHLU[VUJLZKLLZ[HISLJLYX\LKLJPZPVULZ`LSLTLU[VZWYVNYHTm[PJVZW\LKLUHKVW[HYZLJVTV
WYPUJPWPVZKLJHSPKHKLULZ[HWYmJ[PJHLK\JH[P]H3HTIYPNO[`3\ "4HIY` ";HWPH
7LYVZPLUHSNVJVPUJPKLSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULZLUJVUZPKLYHYHSHYLÅL_P}UJVTV]HYPHISLJHYKPUHSLUSH
L]HS\HJP}UKLSHJHSPKHKLULZ[VZWYV`LJ[VZ,U\UTL[HHUmSPZPZJVUT\LZ[YHZKLWYV`LJ[VZKPMLYLU
[LZ*VU^H`(TLS`.LY^PLU JVUJS\`LUX\LSHYLÅL_P}ULZ[Y\J[\YHKH[LYTPUHWVYWYVK\JPYJHTIPVZ

WVZP[P]VZLU[tYTPUVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ`Jx]PJVZVJPHSLZ,`SLYPUJS\ZVHÄYTHX\LSHJHSPKHKX\LTmZ
PTWVY[HLZSHJHU[PKHK`[PWVKLYLÅL_P}UWVYSVX\LJ\PKHYSVZWYVJLZVZKLYLÅL_P}UYLHSTLU[LLMLJ[P]VZ
ZLYmSHJSH]LWHYHMVY[HSLJLY`VW[PTPaHYLSWV[LUJPHSKLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV,`SLY`.PSLZ "/H[JOLY
)YPUNSL`4\[OPHO
1.2. La validación de competencias
3H]HSPKHJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZZLOHJVU]LY[PKVLU\UHKLSHZWYLVJ\WHJPVULZTmZYLJPLU[LZKLSH
<UP}U,\YVWLHLUTH[LYPHLK\JH[P]H`KLQ\]LU[\K3VX\LZLWYL[LUKLLZ\UHTH`VYÅL_PIPSPKHK`[YHUZ
WHYLUJPHKLSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ]HSPKHUKV`YLJVUVJPLUKVSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LSVZQ}]LULZKLZHYYVSSHULU
T\S[P[\KKLJVU[L_[VZMVTLU[HUKVHZxZ\YLJVUVJPTPLU[VLU[YLWHxZLZLPUJYLTLU[HUKVSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK
LU\UJVU[L_[VKLNSVIHSPaHJP}U`HS[VKLZLTWSLVQ\]LUPS:V\[V6[LYV<UOP[VM\UKHTLU[HSHSYLZ
WLJ[VLZSHYLJVTLUKHJP}UZVIYLSH]HSPKHJP}UKLSHWYLUKPaHQLUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHS3VX\LZLWPKLHSVZ
,Z[HKVZ4PLTIYVZLZX\LKPZWVUNHUSH]HSPKHJP}UKLHWYLUKPaHQLZ
+LHJ\LYKVJVUVYNHUPZTVZL\YVWLVZ*,+,-67LZULJLZHYPVX\LLST\UKVHJHKtTPJVYLZ
WHSKLTH`VYTLU[LSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ`SVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZHKX\PYPKVZKLTHULYHUVMVYTHS<UI\LULQLT
WSVLZLSJHZVKL0YSHUKHX\LIHZHZ\ÄSVZVMxHKL]HSPKHJP}ULUSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKLSVZ
HS\TUVZHZZ\ZYHZNVZPUKP]PK\HSLZ`Z\ZTVKVZKLPU[LYHJJP}UJVUSHZLZ[Y\J[\YHZZVJPHSLZ`J\S[\YHSLZ
KLZ\JVT\UPKHK`ZVJPLKHK4J0SYH[O
,U,ZWH|HOV`WVYOV`SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHKX\PYPKHZWVYSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZLUJVU[L_[VZUVMVYTHSLZL
PUMVYTHSLZUVLZ[mUPUJS\PKHZLUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`JVTWL[LUJPHZLZWLYHKHZKLSHLK\JHJP}U
Z\WLYPVY*HYYVHKLTmZKLUVZLYYLJVUVJPKHZJVTV\UKLYLJOV[HS`JVTVYLJSHTHU+HTLZPU
-H`VSSL`-SL\Y`
2. Metodología
;LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HSVZVIQL[P]VZWYL]PHTLU[LL_W\LZ[VZSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UULJLZP[H\UWSHU[LHTPLU[V
TL[VKVS}NPJVKP]LYZV,SWYVISLTHX\LZLHIVYKHYLX\PLYLKL[tJUPJHZJ\HU[P[H[P]HZ`J\HSP[H[P]HZ[HU[VH
SHOVYHKLYLJVNLYKH[VZJVTVLUZ\WVZ[LYPVYHUmSPZPZ,Z[HKLJPZP}UZLM\UKHTLU[HLUSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL
KL[LYTPUHKVZWYVISLTHZZVJPHSLZX\LUVW\LKLUHIVYKHYZLKLZKLWLYZWLJ[P]HZL_JS\ZP]HTLU[LJ\HU[P[H
[P]HZ;HTIPtUOLTVZKLOHJLYSVKLZKL\UH}W[PJHJ\HSP[H[P]HHÄUKLL_WSVYHYJVU\ULUMVX\LOVSxZ[PJV
V[YVZHZWLJ[VZKLSHL_WLYPLUJPHO\THUH(OVYHIPLUTmZHSSmKL\UHPU[LNYHJP}UTL[VKVS}NPJHSVX\L
WYL[LUKLTVZSSL]HYHJHIVLZ\UWYVJLZVKL[YPHUN\SHJP}UTS[PWSLKLKH[VZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ`Tt[VKVZ
*VUJYL[HTLU[LSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLHY[PJ\SHYmLU[VYUVHJ\H[YVMHZLZX\LL_WSPJHTVZHJVU[PU\HJP}U
,USHWYPTLYHMHZLYLHSPaHYLTVZ\ULZ[\KPVL_WSVYH[VYPVKLZJYPW[P]VWHYHPKLU[PÄJHYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
X\LLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSYLX\PLYLHSVZSHZQ}]LULZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZHZKLTHUKHU[LZKLWYPTLYLTWSLV3VZ
PUZ[Y\TLU[VZH\[PSPaHYLULZ[HMHZLZVU!
·*\LZ[PVUHYPVKPYPNPKVHSWYVMLZVYHKV\UP]LYZP[HYPVLULSX\LZLWYL[LUKLYLJVNLYZ\VWPUP}UZVIYL
SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LKLIL[LULY\U\UP]LYZP[HYPVHWHYHPUJVYWVYHYZLHSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSHZxJVTV
ZVIYLLSLTWSLVKLS(W:LUZ\KVJLUJPH
·*\LZ[PVUHYPVWHYHLTWSLHKVYLZVLUZ\JHZVYLZWVUZHISLZKLYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZKLVYNHUPaHJPV
ULZHÄUKLPKLU[PÄJHYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LZLKLTHUKHUHSVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZHZX\LZVSPJP[HUZ\
WYPTLYLTWSLV
·.Y\WVKLKPZJ\ZP}UJVUHS\TUVZHZ`HLNYLZHKVZHZWHYHHUHSPaHYSH]PUJ\SHJP}ULU[YLJVTWL[LU
JPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLPUZLYJP}ULULST\UKVKLS[YHIHQV
·,U[YL]PZ[HLUWYVM\UKPKHKLUSVZ:LY]PJPVZKL6YPLU[HJP}U3HIVYHSKLSHZ<UP]LYZPKHKLZWHYHLZ[\KPHY
SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LTmZZL]HSVYHULULSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSLSWHWLSKLSH<UP]LYZPKHKLULSKLZH
YYVSSVKLLZ[HZJVTWL[LUJPHZ`LS]HSVYX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZSLZJVUJLKLU
,USHZLN\UKHMHZLUVZJLU[YHYLTVZLUL]HS\HYSVZWYV`LJ[VZKL(W:X\LZLLZ[mUKLZHYYVSSHUKVLU
SHZZPL[L<UP]LYZPKHKLZKLSHT\LZ[YHPKLU[PÄJHUKVHX\LSSVZX\LJ\TWSLUJVUSVZYLX\PZP[VZ`JYP[LYPVZKL
JHSPKHKKL\UHL_WLYPLUJPHKLLZ[L[PWV*VU^H`L[HS 3VZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZKLSVZX\LZLOHYm\ZVLU
LZ[HZLN\UKHMHZLZVU!
·.Y\WVKL+PZJ\ZP}UJVUL_WLY[VZKL(W:JVULSVIQL[P]VKLPKLU[PÄJHYSVZJYP[LYPVZKLJHSPKHKKL
SVZWYV`LJ[VZKL(W:

·9IYPJHKL(\[VL]HS\HJP}UKLS(W:WHYHSVZHZKVJLU[LZPKLU[PÄJHKVZ
·-PJOHKL,_WLYPLUJPHZKL(W:HWHY[PYKLPUKPJHKVYLZKLJHSPKHKX\LZLWHZHYmHSVZHZKVJLU[LZ
PKLU[PÄJHKVZHTVKVKLLU[YL]PZ[HZLTPLZ[Y\J[\YHKH
(WHY[PYKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[LUPKVZLULZ[HMHZLZLKPZL|HYm\UH.\xHKL)\LUHZ7YmJ[PJHZKL(W:LU
SH\UP]LYZPKHKX\LPUJS\PYm\UHWHY[LJVTUWHYH[VKHZSHZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZJVUSVZJYP[LYPVZKLJHSPKHKX\L
KLILUJ\TWSPYSVZWYV`LJ[VZHZxJVTV\UHWHY[LLZWLJxÄJHLUSHX\LZL]PZPIPSPJLUSVZWYV`LJ[VZKLJHKH
<UP]LYZPKHKZ\ZJLW[PISLKLPYHTWSPmUKVZLJVUU\L]HZPUPJPH[P]HZ
3H [LYJLYH MHZL JVUZPZ[PYm LU HUHSPaHY LS KLZHYYVSSV KL JVTWL[LUJPHZ NLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ LU SVZ
HS\TUVZHZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLUWYV`LJ[VZKL(W:KLJHSPKHKLZ[\KPVJ\HZPL_WLYPTLU[HSLUKVZKLSHZ\UP
]LYZPKHKLZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ7HYHLZ[HMHZLOLTVZVW[HKVWVY\UKPZL|V[HU[VJ\HU[P[H[P]VJVTVJ\HSP[H[P]V
(Zx\[PSPaHYLTVZ\UKPZL|VJ\HZPL_WLYPTLU[HSKLKVZNY\WVZUVLX\P]HSLU[LZJVUWYL[LZ[`WVZ[LZ[`\UH
]HYPHISLPUKLWLUKPLU[LX\LLZLSWYV`LJ[VKL(W:,SNY\WVL_WLYPTLU[HS[YHIHQHYmJVUSHTL[VKVSVNxH(W:
`LSKLJVU[YVSZLN\PYmJVUSHOHIP[\HS7VYV[YVSHKVKLZKLLSW\U[VKL]PZ[HJ\HSP[H[P]VVW[HYLTVZWVYSH
PU]LZ[PNHJP}UHJJP}UWHY[PJPWH[P]H,ULZ[LZLU[PKVLTWSLHYLTVZSVZZPN\PLU[LZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ!
·*\LZ[PVUHYPVWHYHHS\TUHKVWYL[LZ[`WVZ[LZ[ZVIYLJVTWL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
·+PMLYLUJPHSZLTmU[PJVKLSWYV`LJ[VLUZ\JVUQ\U[VWHYHHS\TUHKVWYVMLZVYHKV`WHY[ULYZHÄUKL
HUHSPaHYZ\UP]LSKLZH[PZMHJJP}UJVUKPZ[PU[VZLSLTLU[VZKLSWYV`LJ[V
·,U[YL]PZ[H LU WYVM\UKPKHK H SVZ WYVMLZVYLZ ZVIYL (W: ` KLZHYYVSSV KL JVTWL[LUJPHZ NLUtYPJHZ
[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
·,U[YL]PZ[HLUWYVM\UKPKHKHSVZZVJPVZZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
LUSVZHS\TUVZHZ
·,U[YL]PZ[HNY\WHSJVUHS\TUVZHZKLJHKHWYV`LJ[VKL(W:ZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ
NLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLUSH\UP]LYZPKHK
·,U[YL]PZ[HNY\WHSJVUHS\TUVZHZKLSHZTPZTHZ[P[\SHJPVULZ`J\YZVZX\LUVOHUWHY[PJPWHKVLU
WYV`LJ[VZKL(W:ZVIYLLSKLZHYYVSSVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZNLUtYPJHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZLUSH\UP]LYZPKHK
,USHJ\HY[H`S[PTHMHZLZLKPZL|HYm\UTVKLSVKLJLY[PÄJHJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LSVZSHZLZ[\
diantes puedan incorporar a su curriculum vitae[HS`JVTVYLJVTPLUKHUKPZ[PU[VZVYNHUPZTVZL\YVWLVZ
Q\U[VJVUSHLSHIVYHJP}UKL\UH.\xHKL(W:`,TWSLHIPSPKHKKPYPNPKHHSVZZLY]PJPVZKLVYPLU[HJP}UKLSHZ
<UP]LYZPKHKLZLZWH|VSHZ
:L[YH[HW\LZKL\UWYV`LJ[VJVTWSLQVWVYSVX\LPTWSPJHKLTV]PSPaHJP}UKLWHY[PJPWHU[LZKPZL|V`
HWSPJHJP}UKLPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ`LSKPZL|VTL[VKVS}NPJVLSLNPKV
3. Conclusiones
*VTVWYPTLYHJVUJS\ZP}UX\LYLTVZKLZ[HJHYSHJVU[YPI\JP}UKLLZ[LLZ[\KPVHSJVUVJPTPLU[VZVIYL
LSmTIP[VLULSX\LZLJLU[YHLZWLJPHSTLU[LHSH]PZ[HKLSHZJHYLUJPHZKLPU]LZ[PNHJPVULZZ}SPKHZ`JVU
ZPZ[LU[LZLUU\LZ[YVWHxZT\`LZWLJPHSTLU[LZPOHISHTVZKL\UHTL[VKVSVNxHL_WLYPTLU[HSX\LZLJVT
WSLTLU[HJVULS\ZVKL[tJUPJHZ`LZ[YH[LNPHZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UJ\HSP[H[P]H(KLTmZSVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZKPZL
|HKVZ`]HSPKHKVZYLWYLZLU[HYmU\UHWV`VWHYHL]HS\HYSHJHSPKHKKLSVZWYV`LJ[VZLUM\[\YVZWYVJLZVZ
,SOLJOVKLX\LWVKHTVZJVU[HYJVU\UP]LYZPKHKLZX\L`HOHUH]HUaHKVLU\UWYVJLZVKLPUZ[P[\
JPVUHSPaHJP}UKLS(W:Q\U[VHV[YHZX\LLZ[mUKHUKVZ\ZWYPTLYVZWHZVZLULS[LTHH`\KHYmHX\LSH
PU]LZ[PNHJP}UW\LKHJVU]LY[PYZLLU\UYL]\SZP]VWHYHSVZWYVJLZVZKLPUUV]HJP}ULUSH\UP]LYZPKHK
7LYV[HS]La\UVKLSVZPTWHJ[VZWYL]PZ[VZX\LTLYLJLLZWLJPHSTLUJP}ULZSHJVU[YPI\JP}UKLSWYV
`LJ[VHSHTLQVYHKLSVZHWYLUKPaHQLZX\LZLKLYP]HUKLLZ[L[PWVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZLK\JH[P]HZLUSHLK\JH
JP}UZ\WLYPVY,ULZ[LJHZVWLYTP[PYmJVUVJLYSHZ]LU[HQHZKL[HSTL[VKVSVNxHLUSHZH\SHZ\UP]LYZP[HYPHZJVU
SH]PZ[HW\LZ[HLUSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKSVX\LWVKYxHH`\KHYLULSKPZL|VKL\UWSHULMLJ[P]VKLMVYTHJP}UWHYH
WYVMLZVYLZHS\TUHKVWLYZVUHSKLVYPLU[HJP}U`V[YVZZLY]PJPVZKLH[LUJP}UHLZ[\KPHU[LZ(ZxI\ZJHTVZ
TLQVYHYSVZ]xUJ\SVZLU[YLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`WYmJ[PJHLK\JH[P]HLUSH\UP]LYZPKHK[YH[HUKVKLMH]VYLJLYTmZ
KPmSVNVLUWYVKLSHPUUV]HJP}UX\LW\LKLJVU[YPI\PYHLSL]HYSVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLLTWSLHIPSPKHKLU\UWHxZ
JVU\UHKLSHZTH`VYLZ[HZHZKLWHYVQ\]LUPSLU,\YVWH
-PUHSTLU[LSHWHY[PJPWHJP}UKLPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZKLZPL[L\UP]LYZPKHKLZLZWH|VSHZ`[YLZL_[YHUQLYHZJVU
KPZ[PU[HZ[YH`LJ[VYPHZJVU[YPI\PYmHYLMVYaHYLSULJLZHYPV[YHIHQVLUYLK`HSHWYV]LJOHTPLU[VKLSHZZPULY
NPHZLUKPZ[PU[HZKPYLJJPVULZHKLTmZKLHTWSPHYSHJVVWLYHJP}UJVUV[YVZLX\PWVZ[HU[VUHJPVUHSLZJVTV

PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ7VYLSSVJVU[HYJVUPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZKL,Z[HKVZ<UPKVZ0YSHUKH`9LPUV<UPKVKVUKLLS
(W:J\LU[HJVU\UHTH`VY[YHKPJP}UWLYTP[PYm[VTHYUV[HKLSVZWHZVZKHKVZOHZ[HHOVYHLULZVZWHxZLZ
`HKHW[HYZ\L_WLYPLUJPHHSJVU[L_[V\UP]LYZP[HYPVLZWH|VS
)YPUNSL9.`/H[JOLY1( (ZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNJ\YYPJ\S\TMVYMHJ\S[`Michigan Journal of Com-

munity Service Learning2
)YPUNSL9.`/H[JOLY1(0UZ[P[\[PVUHSPaH[PVUVMZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNPUOPNOLYLK\JH[PVUThe Journal
of Higher Education71 KVP!
)YVaTHUV]m(/LPUaV]mA`*OV]HUJV]m2;OLPTWHJ[VMZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNVUZ[\KLU[Z»RL`
competences. International Journal of Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement
4
)\[PU+>6MÔH[\ZLPZP[&4\S[PWSLJVUJLW[\HSPaH[PVUZVMZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN^P[OPULK\JH[PVUTea-
chers College Record105 KVP!Q _
*HYYV3Country report Spain. 2016 update of the European Inventory on validation of non-formal
and informal learning 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[WZ!J\T\S\ZJLKLMVWL\YVWHL\ÄSLZ]L[LSPIF
]HSPKH[LF,:WKM
*,+,-67 Validation in the care and youth work sectors. Thematic report for the 2016 update.
3\_LTI\YNV!6ÄJPUHKL7\ISPJHJPVULZ6ÄJPHSLZKLSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ,\YVWLHZ
*VќL` ( ` 3H]LY` : :LY]PJLSLHYUPUN! H ]HS\HISL TLHUZ VM WYLWHYPUN WYLZLY]PJL [LHJOLYZ
MVY H [LHJOPUN WYHJ[PJ\T Australian Journal of Teacher Education 40 KVP!
HQ[L]U
*VUULY 1 ` ,YPJRZVU 1 >OLU KVLZ ZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN ^VYR& *VU[HJ[ [OLVY` HUK ZLY]PJLSLHY
UPUNJV\YZLZPUOPNOLYLK\JH[PVUMichigan Journal of Community Service Learning23KVP!
TQJZSVH
*VU^H`14(TLS,3`.LY^PLU+7 ;LHJOPUNHUKSLHYUPUNPU[OLZVJPHSJVU[L_[!(TL[HHUHS`
ZPZVMZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN»ZLќLJ[ZVUHJHKLTPJWLYZVUHSZVJPHSHUKJP[PaLUZOPWV\[JVTLZTeaching of
Psychology36KVP!
+HTLZPU9-H`VSSL1`-SL\Y`5Agentes, prácticas y desafíos del NFIL así como su validación
en Europa9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!^^^L[\JVYN04.WKM,:FF5-03F9HWWVY[FKLF:Ù[OLZLF-05(3
WKM
+LLSL`:1:\TTH[P]LJVHZZLZZTLU[!(KLLWSLHYUPUNHWWYVHJO[VLUOHUJPUNLTWSV`HIPSP[`ZRPSSZ
HUKH[[YPI\[LZActive Learning in Higher Education15 KVP!
,`SLY19LÅLJ[PVU!3PURPUNZLY]PJLHUKSLHYUPUNSPURPUNZ[\KLU[ZHUKJVTT\UP[PLZJournal of Social
Issues58KVP!
,`SLY1`.PSLZ+, Where is the learning in service-learning? :HU-YHUJPZJV!1VZZL`)HZZ
-\YJV ( 0TWHJ[V KL SVZ WYV`LJ[VZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL ZLY]PJPV Aprendizaje y servicio solidario en
la Educación Superior y en los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos. Actas del 7º Seminario Inter-
nacional Aprendizaje y Servicio Solidario)\LUVZ(PYLZ(YNLU[PUH O[[W!^^^JSH`ZZVYNHY
ZLTPUHYPVHU[LYPVYLZHJ[HZF(J[HZWKM
/H[JOLY1()YPUNSL9.`4\[OPHO9+LZPNUPUNLќLJ[P]LYLÅLJ[PVU!>OH[TH[[LYZ[VZLY]P
JLSLHYUPUN&Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning11
/LILY[(`/H\M6:[\KLU[SLHYUPUN[OYV\NOZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN!,ќLJ[ZVUHJHKLTPJKL]LSVWTLU[
JP]PJYLZWVUZPIPSP[`PU[LYWLYZVUHSZRPSSZHUKWYHJ[PJHSZRPSSZActive Learning in Higher Education16
KVP!
0TWLYPHS4;7LYY`1`2H[\SH4*0UJVYWVYH[PUNZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNPU[VW\ISPJHќHPYZWYVNYHTZ!
3LZZVUZMYVT[OLSP[LYH[\YL1V\YUHSVM7\ISPJ(ќHPYZ,K\JH[PVU13

3HTIYPNO[2`3\@ >OH[0TWHJ[Z[OL3LHYUPUNPU:LY]PJL3LHYUPUN&(U,_HTPUH[PVUVM7YV
QLJ[ :[Y\J[\YL HUK :[\KLU[ *OHYHJ[LYPZ[PJZ 1V\YUHS VM 7\ISPJ (ќHPYZ ,K\JH[PVU 15 KVP!

3LPTLY*@\L/`9VN\SRPU+ Does service learning help students succeed? Assessing the
LќLJ[ZVM:L]PJL3LHYUPUNH[*HSPMVYUPH:[H[L<UP]LYZP[`-YLZUV9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!ÄSLZLYPJLKNV]
M\SS[L_[,+WKM
4HIY`1) 7LKHNVNPJHS]HYPH[PVUZPUZLY]PJLSLHYUPUNHUKZ[\KLU[V\[JVTLZ!OV^[PTLJVU[HJ[
HUKYLÅLJ[PVUTH[[LYMichigan Journal of Community Service Learning5
4J0SYH[O3Survey of civic engagement activities in higher education in Ireland.HS^H`!*HZ[SL7YPU[
4J0SYH[O 3 +LTVJYH[PZPUN RUV^SLKNL [OYV\NO JP]PJ LUNHNLTLU[ ,U 4 ( :HU[VZ 9LNV ,K
Sociedad del conocimiento. Aprendizaje e innovación en la universidadWW 4HKYPK!)PSPV
[LJH5\L]H
5H]HS*.HYJxH3}WLa97\PN14`:HU[VZ9LNV4(3HMVYTHJP}Ut[PJVJx]PJH`LSJVTWYV
TPZVZVJPHSKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZEncounters on Education12
5H]HS*`(YI\tZ,,SHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV`SH[YHUZPJP}UKLZKLSHLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVYHST\UKV
KLS[YHIHQV,U4(:HU[VZ9LNV,KSociedad del conocimiento. Aprendizaje e innovación en la
universidadWW 4HKYPK!)PISPV[LJH5\L]H
7L[LYZVU1>HYK^LSS*>PSS2`*HTWHUH27\YZ\PUNHW\YWVZL!;OLYVSLVMJHYLLYL_WSV
YH[PVU JV\YZLZ HUK ZLY]PJLSLHYUPUN PU[LYUZOPW PU YLJVNUPaPUN HUK KL]LSVWPUN RUV^SLKNL ZRPSSZ HUK
HIPSP[PLZTeaching of Psychology41
7\PN 1 4 )H[SSL 9 )VZJO * ` 7HSVZ 1 Aprendizaje servicio. Educar para la ciudadanía.
4HKYPK!6J[HLKYV
:HU[VZ9LNV4(3VYLUaV4`=maX\La9VKYxN\La(Educación no formal y empleabilidad
de la juventud4HKYPK!:xU[LZPZ
:HU[VZ9LNV4(:V[LSPUV(`3VYLUaV4Aprendizaje-servicio y misión cívica de la universi-
dad. Una propuesta de desarrollo)HYJLSVUH!6J[HLKYV
:HU[VZ 9LNV 4( ¦7HYH J\mUKV SHZ \UP]LYZPKHKLZ LU SH HNLUKH KL \UH KLTVJYHJPH M\LY[L&
,K\JHJP}UHWYLUKPaHQL`JVTWYVTPZVJx]PJVLU5VY[LHTtYPJHRevista de Educación 361
:HU[VZ9LNV4(3VYLUaV4`4LSSH0(WYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPV`KLZLTWL|VHJHKtTPJVKLSVZ
LZ[\KPHU[LZ \UP]LYZP[HYPVZ ,U 4 ( :HU[VZ 9LNV ,K Sociedad del conocimiento. Aprendizaje e
innovación en la universidadWW 4HKYPK!)PISPV[LJH5\L]H
:V\[V6[LYV4=HSPKH[PVUVMUVUMVYTHSHUKPUMVYTHSSLHYUPUNPU,\YVWL!YLZLHYJOWVSPJPLZSLNP[P
THJ`HUKZ\Y]P]HS,U:)VOSPUNLY2(+HUN`.2SH[[,KZEducation policy: Mapping the lands-
cape and scope WW)LYUH!7L[LY3HUN,KP[PVU
:V\[V6[LYV4<SPJUH+:JOHLWRLUZ3`)VNUHY=Study on the impact of Non-Formal Edu-
cation in youth organisations on young people’s employability)Y\ZLSHZ!-VYV,\YVWLVKLSH1\]LU[\K
;HWPH45*HSPKHKHJHKtTPJH`YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKZVJPHS!LSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVJVTVW\LU[LLU[YL
KVZJ\S[\YHZ\UP]LYZP[HYPHZ,U44HY[xULa,KAprendizaje servicio y responsabilidad social de las
universidadesWW)HYJLSVUH!6J[HLKYV
;LQHKH13HMVYTHJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZH[YH]tZKLSHWYLUKPaHQLZLY]PJPVCultura
y Educación25 KVP!

María Cristina Ceinos-Sanz
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Necesidades de
JYPZ[PUHJLPUVZ'\ZJLZ
Elena Fernández-Rey
Orientación y
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H Competencias Clave
Miguel Anxo Nogueira-Pérez
<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNV en el contexto
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Laboral Actual
Introducción
3HLU[YHKHLULSZPNSV??0OH[YHxKVJVUZPNV\UKLZWSPL
N\L [LJUVS}NPJV JHZP ZPU WYLJLKLU[LZ LU SH LYH O\THUH
LU]VS]PLUKV UV ZVSV H SHZ ZVJPLKHKLZ TmZ H]HUaHKHZ
ZPUVPUJS\ZVHSHZZ\IKLZHYYVSSHKHZ*VUJYL[HTLU[LSHZ
;LJUVSVNxHZKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U`KLSH*VT\UPJHJP}U;0*
JVUSHYLK0U[LYUL[JVTVW\U[HKLSHUaHOHUPTWHJ[HKV
KL[HSMVYTHX\LOV`KxHLZJHZPPUJVUJLIPISLWLUZHYLU
\UT\UKVZPULSSHZ+PJOVPTWHJ[VOHZHJ\KPKVH[VKVZ
SVZ ZLJ[VYLZ JVU LMLJ[VZ KPYLJ[VZ L PUKPYLJ[VZ KL KP]LY
ZHxUKVSL,U[YLLZ[VZZLJ[VYLZZLLUJ\LU[YHLSJVU[L_[V
SHIVYHS `H KL WVY ZP ]VS\ISL HU[L J\HSX\PLY PUUV]HJP}U V
JHTIPVWLYVX\LLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZLOHHN\KPaHKVUV
ZVSVWVYLMLJ[VZKLSHZJYPZPZJxJSPJHZZPUV[HTIPtUWVYSH
]LY[PNPUVZH L]VS\JP}U [LJUVS}NPJH WYVWPH KL SH LYH KL SH
PUMVYTHJP}U
(U[LLZ[LWHUVYHTHSHPUZLYJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSUVYLZ\S
[HZLUJPSSHZPUVZLWVZLLU\UHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHKLJ\HKHZ
` X\L YLZWVUKHU H SHZ ULJLZPKHKLZ ZVJPVSHIVYHSLZ UV
ZVSVKLSWYLZLU[LZPUV[HTIPtUWHYHLSM\[\YVTmZPUTL
KPH[VLU\UJVU[L_[VKL[YHUZMVYTHJP}UJVUZ[HU[LHSX\L
`H UV SL IHZ[H JVU JP\KHKHUVZ MVYTHKVZ LU \U ZPZ[LTH
LK\JH[P]VKLJHYmJ[LY[YHKPJPVUHSIHZHKVLUSH[YHZTPZP}U
KL PUMVYTHJP}U LU LS X\L SVZ JHTIPVZ ZL KPNPLYLU T\`
SLU[HTLU[LVKPYLJ[HTLU[LUVZLKPNPLYLUWYV]VJmUKVZL
\UH IYLJOH LU[YL LS T\UKV LK\JH[P]V ` SH ZVJPLKHK X\L
JVYYLLSYPLZNVKL]LYZLHTWSPHKH
,U LZ[H LUJY\JPQHKH SH VYPLU[HJP}U JVIYH LZWLJPHS
YLSL]HUJPHJVTVOLYYHTPLU[HWHYHJVUK\JPYHSt_P[V[HU[V
LUSVZWYVJLZVZHJHKtTPJVZJVTVLUSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
LU\UT\UKVJVTWSLQVH]LJLZPTWSHJHISLUVZVSVJVU
SHQ\]LU[\KLUL_WLJ[H[P]HZKLLTWSLVZPUV[HTIPtUJVU
[VKVZHX\LSSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZHZX\L[LUNHUX\LZVTL[LYZL
HHSNU[PWVKL[YHUZPJP}USHIVYHS
1. Contexto laboral en la sociedad del siglo XXI
7HYH WYLKLJPY J}TV ZLYm LS JVU[L_[V SHIVYHS LU LS

M\[\YVHJVY[V`TLKPVWSHaVOH`X\LHUHSPaHYKLTHULYH
PU[LNYHKHJ\H[YVMHJ[VYLZX\LPUÅ\`LULPU[LYHJ[HUZVIYL

SHZ[LUKLUJPHZLULSmTIP[VSHIVYHS!NSVIHSPaHJP}U[LJUVSVNxHZJHTIPVZKLTVNYmÄJVZLPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLS
TLYJHKVSHIVYHS,PJOOVYZ[
3H PUÅ\LUJPH KL LZ[VZ LSLTLU[VZ SSL]H H ZP[\HJPVULZ KL PUJLY[PK\TIYL L PUZLN\YPKHK [HU[V WHYH LS
HJJLZV JVTV WHYH LS THU[LUPTPLU[V KLS LTWSLV ZPLUKV KP]LYZHZ ` JVTWSLQHZ SHZ [YHUZPJPVULZ X\L SVZ
Z\QL[VZKLILUHMYVU[HYK\YHU[LLSKLZHYYVSSVKLZ\JHYYLYHWYVMLZPVUHS`X\LSLZL_PNL\UHYmWPKHHKHW[H
JP}USVX\LZ\WVULSHL_PZ[LUJPHKLTS[PWSLZULJLZPKHKLZKLVYPLU[HJP}UX\LKPÄLYLUKLSHZL_PZ[LU[LZ
LUtWVJHZHU[LYPVYLZ
,SWLZVKLSVZJHTIPVZJVUZ[HU[LZLUSVZWYVJLZVZWYVK\J[P]VZLUSHVYNHUPaHJP}UKLSVZW\LZ[VZKL
[YHIHQVLUSHZLZ[YH[LNPHZ`WYVJLZVZKLKP]LYZPÄJHJP}U`KLZSVJHSPaHJP}UKLZLY]PJPVZ`LTWYLZHZVKLSVZ
VYPNPUHKVZWVYSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSHZPUUV]HJPVULZ[LJUVS}NPJHZLULSJVU[L_[VSHIVYHSLZ[HUYLSL]HU[LX\L
JVUSSL]HYL[VZ[HU[VHUP]LSMVYTH[P]VJVTVSHIVYHSKPZ[PU[VZHSVZX\LZLMVYT\SHIHUHU[LZKLSZPNSV??0
(S KL[HSSHY SVZ WYPUJPWHSLZ YHZNVZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVZ KLS ZPZ[LTH WYVK\J[P]V HJ[\HS :VIYHKV ` *LPUVZ
L_WVULUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
·0TWVY[HU[LZJHTIPVZLULST\UKVSHIVYHSYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSHKLZHWHYPJP}UKLSHJVUJLWJP}UKLS
[YHIHQVWHYH[VKHSH]PKH"SHJYLHJP}UKLZPZ[LTHZKL[YHIHQVÅL_PISLZ`H\[}UVTVZ"LSPUJYLTLU[V
KLZPZ[LTHZSHIVYHSLZKLPUPJPH[P]HWLYZVUHSH\[VLTWSLV"SHHWHYPJP}UKLU\L]HZTVKHSPKHKLZWYV
K\J[P]HZ`JVU[YHJ[\HSLZ"\UHTH`VYÅL_PIPSPKHKLUSVZKLZWPKVZ"LSYL[YHZVLUSHLKHKKLHJJLZVHS
LTWSLV`KLQ\IPSHJP}ULU[YLV[YHZKPTLUZPVULZ
·7LYZPZ[LUJPHKLSMLU}TLUVKLSKLZLTWSLV`H\TLU[VKLSH[LTWVYHSPKHK`SHWYLJHYPLKHKSHIVYHS
SSLNHUKVHWYVK\JPYZLZP[\HJPVULZLUSHZX\LKL[LYTPUHKVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZUVW\LKLUSSLNHYH\UUP]LS
KL]PKHKPNUV
·4V]PSPKHKSHIVYHSJVUZ[HU[L`WVSP]HSLUJPHKL[HYLHZ`M\UJPVULZHKLZHYYVSSHY
·+PZJYPTPUHJP}USHIVYHSKLSHT\QLYWYLZLU[L[HU[VLUZLU[PKVOVYPaVU[HSJVTV]LY[PJHS`LUKP]LYZHZ
THUPMLZ[HJPVULZKPÄJ\S[HKWHYHLSHJJLZVHW\LZ[VZKLHS[VUP]LSVWHYHSHWYVTVJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
KPZJYPTPUHJP}UZHSHYPHSL[J
·0UUV]HJP}U[LJUVS}NPJHWLYTHULU[LHSTPZTV[PLTWVX\LZLWYVK\JLSHJHK\JPKHKKLSVZJVUVJP
TPLU[VZ[LJUVS}NPJVZKLTHULYHT\`YmWPKH
·+LTHUKHJYLJPLU[LKLMVYTHJP}U`J\HSPÄJHJP}USVX\LYLX\PLYL\ULZM\LYaVJVU[PU\HKVKLHKHW
[HJP}UHSHZKLTHUKHZMVYT\SHKHZWVYLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS
·5LJLZPKHKKLKLZHYYVSSHYU\L]HZOHIPSPKHKLZM\UKHTLU[HSTLU[LSHZKLJHYmJ[LY[LJUVS}NPJV`SHZ
YLSHJPVUHKHZJVUSHJVT\UPJHJP}ULS[YHIHQVLULX\PWVSHÅL_PIPSPKHK`SHHKHW[HJP}UHSJHTIPVSH
YLZVS\JP}UKLJVUÅPJ[VZ`SHJYLH[P]PKHKLPUUV]HJP}ULU[YLV[YHZ
7HYHX\LSVZPUKP]PK\VZW\LKHUNLZ[PVUHYKLTHULYHHKLJ\HKHLZ[HZKLTHUKHZKLSJVU[L_[VZVJPVSH
IVYHSSHVYPLU[HJP}UJ\TWSPYm\UWHWLSYLSL]HU[LX\LZLJVUJYL[HLUKPMLYLU[LZ`JVTWSLTLU[HYPVZJVTL[P
KVZJVTVWVYLQLTWSVSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
·5LJLZPKHKKLMVYT\SHY`HWSPJHYWVSx[PJHZ`HJJPVULZJVUJYL[HZKLVYPLU[HJP}U
·+PZWVUPIPSPKHKKLZLY]PJPVZVYPLU[HKVYLZKLTH`VYJHSPKHKIHQVSHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKKLWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
HS[HTLU[LJ\HSPÄJHKVZ
·5LJLZPKHKKLHKVW[HYWLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZ`TL[VKVS}NPJHZKLPU[LY]LUJP}UTmZHJ[\HSLZ`HJVY
KLZJVUSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSX\LWYLJPZHU\UJHYmJ[LYTmZPU[LNYHSOVSxZ[PJVLPUUV]HKVY
·([LUJP}UHSHZKP]LYZHZKPTLUZPVULZÙLJLZPKHKLZ]P[HSLZUVZVSHTLU[LHHX\tSSHZKLJHYmJ[LY
WYVMLZPVUHS
2. Competencias clave para la ciudadanía del siglo XXI
,U\UJVU[L_[VJVTVLSKLZJYP[VJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKUVYLZ\S[HMmJPSOHSSHY\UTHYJVJVTWL[LUJPHSHWHY[PY
KLSJ\HSMVYTHYHSHJP\KHKHUxHQ\U[VJVULSLZWLJxÄJVWHYHJHKHWYVMLZP}U`X\LW\LKHZH[PZMHJLY[VKHZ`
JHKH\UHKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZPTWLYHU[LZLUSHZVJPLKHK`T\UKVSHIVYHSHJ[\HS5VVIZ[HU[LUVOHUZPKV
WVJHZSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZ[YHUZUHJPVUHSLZX\LOHU[YH[HKVKLKLSPTP[HYKPJOVTHYJVH\UX\LUVZPUKPÄJ\S[HK
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVSH<UP}U,\YVWLH7HYSHTLU[V`*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHOHLZ[HISLJPKV\U
THYJVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZJSH]LWHYHZLY[LUPKVLUJ\LU[HLUSVZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}ULZ[HISLJPLUKVVJOV
JVTWL[LUJPHZIHZLKLYLMLYLUJPH!

*VT\UPJHJP}ULUSHSLUN\HTH[LYUH
*VT\UPJHJP}ULUSLUN\HZL_[YHUQLYHZ
*VTWL[LUJPHTH[LTm[PJH`JVTWL[LUJPHZImZPJHZLUJPLUJPH`[LJUVSVNxH
*VTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HS
(WYLUKLYHHWYLUKLY
*VTWL[LUJPHZZVJPHSLZ`Jx]PJHZ
:LU[PKVKLSHPUPJPH[P]H`LZWxYP[\KLLTWYLZH
*VUVJPTPLU[V`L_WYLZP}UJ\S[\YHS
,U[YLLSSHZJHILKLZ[HJHYLZWLJPHSTLU[LSHJYLH[P]PKHK`SHPUUV]HJP}ULSLTWYLUKPTPLU[V`SHJVT
WL[LUJPHKPNP[HS`WHYHLS[YH[HTPLU[VKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UWVYYLZ\S[HYZPNUPÄJH[P]HZWHYHHMYVU[HYSVZJHTIPVZ
JVU[PU\VZ`HJLSLYHKVZX\LZLWYVK\JLULUSHKPTLUZP}UWLYZVUHSMVYTH[P]HSHIVYHSVZVJPHS(KLTmZ
KLIPKVHZ\JHYmJ[LYT\S[PKPTLUZPVUHS`WVSP]HSLU[LOHUJVTLUaHKVHZLYPUJS\PKHZLULSWLYÄSWYVMLZPVUHS
KLTS[PWSLZLTWSLVZ`KLTHUKHKHZWVYSV[HU[VWVYLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSH]LJLZPUJS\ZVJVTVLSL
TLU[VKPMLYLUJPHKVYLUSHZLSLJJP}UKLWLYZVUHSWVYKLSHU[LKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ[tJUPJHZVLZWLJxÄJHZKL
SHWYVMLZP}U
2.1. Creatividad e innovación
3H JHWHJPKHK JYLH[P]H MH]VYLJL LU WYPTLY S\NHY LS JVUVJPTPLU[V WHYH WVZ[LYPVYTLU[L LZ[PT\SHY SH
[YHUZMVYTHJP}U;VYYL3HJ\YPVZPKHKSHJVTWHYHJP}UVSHHZVJPHJP}UKLPKLHZX\LWLYTP[LUJVT
WYLUKLYMLU}TLUVZKLZJVUVJPKVZHWHY[PYKLV[YVZJVUVJPKVZI\ZJHYZVS\JPVULZ`HS[LYUH[P]HZTmZLÄ
JHJLZMVYT\SHYZLWYLN\U[HZMHJPSP[HULSKLZHYYVSSVKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V@SH[YHUZMVYTHJP}ULZ[mPTWSxJP[HLU
SHZWYVW\LZ[HZJYLH[P]HZ`HX\LWYL[LUKLUSHPUUV]HJP}ULSJHTIPVVSHTLQVYHKLSV`HL_PZ[LU[LLU\U
mYLHLZWLJxÄJH
3HHJ[P]PKHKJYLH[P]HLZ[mJVTW\LZ[HWVYKVZLSLTLU[VZ!\UVWLYZVUHS`V[YVZVJPVJ\S[\YHS3Hdimen-
sión personalLZHZ\]LaJVNUP[P]H`LTVJPVUHS3HJYLH[P]PKHKLZ\UHJ[VJVNUP[P]V`HX\LLZ\UHZWLJ[V
PTWVY[HU[LKLSHPU[LSPNLUJPHX\LMHJPSP[HLSJVUVJPTPLU[V`SH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UKLSHYLHSPKHK4HYPUH
HÄYTHX\LSHPU[LSPNLUJPHZPLTWYLLZJYLHKVYHWVYX\LLUZ\KLZHYYVSSV]HWYVK\JPLUKVUV]LKHKLZX\L
LULSTVTLU[VLUX\LT\LZ[YHUZ\LÄJHJPHWHYHHSJHUaHY\UÄUKL[LYTPUHKVZLJVU]PLY[LULUJYLHKVYHZ
7LYVHSTPZTV[PLTWVX\LJVNUVZJP[P]VLSHJ[VJYLH[P]VLZLTVJPVUHSWVYX\LWYLJPZHSHJVUQ\UJP}UKL
\UHZLYPLKLJVTWL[LUJPHZJVTVSHJVUÄHUaHLU\UVTPZTVSHPUPJPH[P]HSHJHWHJPKHKKLWLYZ\HZP}USH
WLYZL]LYHUJPHVSHH\[VYYLN\SHJP}U
<UH HWYV_PTHJP}U JYLH[P]H KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ H SVZ JHTIPVZ X\L ZL WYVK\JLU LU LS JVU[L_[V SHIVYHS
YLWLYJ\[PYmWVZP[P]HTLU[LLULSHWYV]LJOHTPLU[VKLSHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZX\LZLWYLZLU[LULULST\UKVKLS
[YHIHQVLPUJS\ZVLUSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLVYPNPUHYZ\ZWYVWPVZLTWSLVZ,Z[LLUMVX\LPUKP]PK\HSJYLH[P]VHU[LLS
[YHIHQVJVUSSL]H\UHZH[PZMHJJP}UWLYZVUHSWVYX\LZLIHZHLU\UYVSHJ[P]V-Y`LY
,UJ\HU[VHSHdimensión socioculturaltZ[HZLYLSHJPVUHJVUSHYLZW\LZ[HX\LSHJYLH[P]PKHKWLYTP[L
VMYLJLYHSHZYmWPKHZ[YHUZMVYTHJPVULZX\LZ\JLKLULU[VKVZSVZmTIP[VZJ\S[\YHSLK\JH[P]VSHIVYHSWVSx
[PJV`X\LZLIHZHLUSHÅL_PIPSPKHK`LUSH\[PSPaHJP}U}W[PTHKLSVZYLJ\YZVZLZWLJPÄJHKHLUHZWLJ[VZ
JVTVSHJHWHJPKHKKL[VTHYKLJPZPVULZZVJPHSTLU[LYLZWVUZHISLZSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLWLYJPIPYHS[LYUH[P]HZ
KLHJ[\HJP}USHOHIPSPKHKWHYHHWYLJPHYSVZW\U[VZKL]PZ[HKLV[YHZWLYZVUHZVSHJHWHJPKHKWHYHWLUZHY
KLMVYTHH\[}UVTH,SWLUZHTPLU[VÅL_PISLLPTHNPUH[P]VZLYmULJLZHYPVWYPUJPWHSTLU[LLUSHQ\]LU[\K
WHYHX\LW\LKHZLYJVTWL[LU[LLUSHWYVK\JJP}UKLZVS\JPVULZLMLJ[P]HZHWYVISLTHZKLZJVUVJPKVZLU
ZP[\HJPVULZJVUM\ZHZ-Y`LY
:LS[aLY`)LU[SL`ZLYLÄLYLUHSHZ¸OHIPSPKHKLZWHYHLSM\[\YV¹JVTVHX\LSSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\L
ZVUKLTHUKHKHZWVYSHZJVUKPJPVULZKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSLZWLJPHSTLU[LKLZKLJVTPLUaVZKLSZPNSV??0
7HYH\UHNYHUWHY[LKLLZHZJVTWL[LUJPHZLU[YLSHZX\LZLLUJ\LU[YHUSHNLZ[P}UKLSHPUMVYTHJP}USH
H\[VVYNHUPaHJP}U SH PU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYPKHK SH JVT\UPJHJP}U ` SH JVVWLYHJP}U SH YLÅL_P}U ` SH L]HS\HJP}U
SHNLZ[P}UKLSYPLZNVL[JLZULJLZHYPVLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJYLH[P]PKHKLU[LUKPKHJVTV¸SHJHWHJPKHKKL
HWSPJHY`NLULYHYJVUVJPTPLU[VLU\UHHTWSPH]HYPLKHKKLJVU[L_[VZJVULSÄUKLJ\TWSPY\UVIQL[P]VLZWL
JxÄJVKL\UTVKVU\L]V¹:LS[aLY )LU[SL`W
3HHKHW[HJP}UHSVZJHTIPVZ`SHZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZZVU[HTIPtUJVTWL[LUJPHZ]PUJ\SHKHZJVUSH
JYLH[P]PKHKYLX\LYPKHZLULSJVU[L_[VSHIVYHS3HWYPTLYHPTWSPJHSHHJLW[HJP}UKLU\L]HZPUMVYTHJPVULZ
ZP[\HJPVULZVJVU[L_[VZZPUJHLYLUSHKLMLUZHKLU\LZ[YVZLYYVYLZ`ZL]LMHJPSP[HKHWVYSHHZ\UJP}UKLSVZ
YPLZNVZLS[YHIHQVLUZP[\HJPVULZKLPUJLY[PK\TIYLSHKLSLNHJP}UKLYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZVSVZWYVJLZVZKL
[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZKP]LYZPÄJHKVZWVYX\LMHJPSP[HYmU\UHQ\Z[LYmWPKVHSVZJHTIPVZLPUJS\ZVSHWVZPIPSP
KHKKLHIHUKVUHYWYLZ\W\LZ[VZVJVUJLWJPVULZHU[LYPVYLZ

7YLJPZHTLU[LSH¸PUUV]HJP}U[PLULX\L]LYJVULSJHTIPVJVULSYPLZNV`JVULSMYHJHZVJVULSt_P[V
`JVUSV]P[HS¹5PL[VWWVYX\L]H\UPKHHSHPKLHKLWYVNYLZV`ZPNUPÄJHHWYV]LJOHYLSJVUV
JPTPLU[VWHYHHSJHUaHYKL\UTVKVTmZLÄJHaSHZTL[HZLZ[HISLJPKHZ;VKHZSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZJYLHKVYHZ
Z\LSLU[LULY\UJVTWVULU[LPUUV]HKVYX\LPTWSPJHHKLTmZSHJHWHJPKHKKLWYVK\JPYYPX\LaHZVJPHSV
LJVU}TPJH
3HJHWHJPKHKWHYHHJLW[HY`[YHIHQHYJVUPKLHZVLUMVX\LZKPZ[PU[VZNLULYHSTLU[LHSLQHKVZKLSVZX\L
W\LKLUZLYTmZJVT\ULZVMYLJ\LU[LZ`LUT\JOVZJHZVZWYVJLKLU[LZKLV[YHZmYLHZLZSVX\LKLUV
TPUHTVZHWLY[\YHKLSHWLYJLWJP}U`Z\WVULLUJVU[YHYLULSSVZHZWLJ[VZ[PSLZWHYHNLULYHYHS[LYUH[P]HZ
UV]LKVZHZWHYHSHZVS\JP}U H\UWYVISLTH7VY[HU[VSHPUUV]HJP}ULZSHHWSPJHJP}UKLSHJYLH[P]PKHK@LZ[L
[tYTPUVSPTP[HKVLUZ\ZPUPJPVZL_JS\ZP]HTLU[LHSVZZLJ[VYLZPUK\Z[YPHS`[LJUVS}NPJVZL]HL_[LUKPLUKV
HV[YVZmTIP[VZJVTVZLWYLZLU[HLULSOslo Manual6*+,,<96:;(;X\LPUJS\`LJ\H[YV[PWVZ
KLPUUV]HJP}U!KLWYVK\J[VKLWYVJLZVLUTHYRL[PUN`LUVYNHUPaHJP}U
,UM\UJP}UKLLZ[LLUMVX\LSHPUUV]HJP}UZ\WVUL\UH¸YLZW\LZ[HZH[PZMHJ[VYPHKHKHHSHZULJLZPKHKLZ
ZVJPHSLZPUJS\`LUKVSHZYLZW\LZ[HZLJVU}TPJHZKPYPNPKHZWVYSHS}NPJHKLSTLYJHKV`WVYSHJVTWL[P[P]PKHK
LU[tYTPUVZKLTH`VYLX\PKHKZVZ[LUPIPSPKHKLPN\HSKHKKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZ¹-LYUmUKLa,PaHNPYYL(YHUKPH
9\PaKL.H\UH ,aLPaHW
,ULSmYLHKLSHPUUV]HJP}UZVJPHSZLLUJ\LU[YH\UJVUJLW[VSPNHKVHSHJYLH[P]PKHKLSLTWVKLYHTPLU
to (empowerment X\L Z\WVUL ¸SH JHWHJPKHK KL SHZ WLYZVUHZ WHYH LSLNPY LU[YL VWJPVULZ TmZ HTWSPHZ
TLKPHU[LSHWHY[PJPWHJP}UKPYLJ[HLUSVZWYVJLZVZKL[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZVPUÅ\`LUKVZVIYLX\PLULZ[PLULU
LSWVKLYKLKLJPKPY¹<5,:*6 W
*VTVWYVW\LZ[HWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKL\UHJP\KHKHUxHL\YVWLHJYLH[P]H9VKYxN\LaLZ[HISLJL
\UHZLYPLKL]HSVYLZHS[LYUH[P]VZX\LJVTVZVJPLKHKX\LKLZLHH]HUaHYKLZKLSHLX\PKHKSHZVZ[LUPIPSP
KHK`SHPN\HSKHKKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZZLKLILYxHUJVU[LTWSHYLUJ\HSX\PLYKPTLUZP}UKLU\LZ[YH]PKH]LY
[HISH
Tabla 1. =HSVYLZWHYH\UHZVJPLKHKJYLH[P]H
Tipo de valor Finalidad Objetivo
(\[VYYLHSPaHJP}U ,SHIVYHYWYVW\LZ[HZKLTLQVYHKLZKL\U
/\THUPaHJP}UKLSWYVNYLZV
WLYZVUHS LUMVX\LKLYLHSPaHJP}UWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHS
*VT\UPJHJP}U *YLHJP}UKLLZWHJPVZKLSPILY[HK 7YVTV]LYU\L]VZTVKVZKLL_WYLZP}U
9LZWL[VHSHKP]LYZPKHKJVTV
(ZLN\YHY\ULZWHJPVWHYHX\LJHKHWLYZVUH
+P]LYZPKHK LSLTLU[VPTWYLZJPUKPISLWHYHLS
ZLHX\PLUX\PLYHVJYLHZLY
WYVNYLZVZVJPVJ\S[\YHS
7HY[PJPWHJP}ULUHJ[VZKL
:VSPKHYPKHK 0TWSPJHYLSIPLULZ[HYKLSVZKLTmZ
ZVSPKHYPKHK[YHZJLUKLU[LZ
*VU[L_[\HSPaHJP}UKLSHL_PZ[LUJPH *VUZPKLYHYSVZWS\YHSLZJVU[L_[VZ
*VU[L_[V
KLZKLSHIZX\LKHKLZLU[PKV PU[LYWLYZVUHSZVJPHS[LTWVYHSL[J
;YHUZMVYTHJP}UKL\UVTPZTV -H]VYLJLYLSJHTIPVKLSHYLHSPKHKH[YH]tZ
*HTIPV
`KLSHYLHSPKHK KLHS[LYUH[P]HZJVUÄUHSPKHKKLTLQVYH
0U[LU[HYSHLSPTPUHJP}UKLY\[PUHZ`WYLQ\PJPVZ
;VTHKLJVUJPLUJPHKLSHYLHSPKHK
-SL_PIPSPKHK ZVJPHSLZX\LPTWPKLU[LULYLUJ\LU[H
[LTWVYHSWZPJVS}NPJH`ZVJPVJ\S[\YHS
TS[PWSLZW\U[VZKL]PZ[H
(JJP}U[YHUZMVYTHKVYH 0THNPUHYHS[LYUH[P]HZ`WYVW\LZ[HZKPYPNPKHZ
<[VWxH
`WYVZWLJ[P]HZVIYLLSM\[\YV OHJPHSHTLQVYHWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHS
Fuente: HKHW[HKVKL9VKYxN\La
2.2. Emprendimiento
+LZKL \UH WLYZWLJ[P]H YLZ[YPUNPKH SH JVTWL[LUJPH LTWYLUKLKVYH LZ[m SPNHKH JVU SH JYLHJP}U KL
LTWYLZHZ,U\UZLU[PKVHTWSPVZL]PUJ\SHJVULSKVTPUPVKLJHWHJPKHKLZ`HJ[P[\KLZLTWYLZHYPHSLZ`
SHJVTWYLUZP}UKL[tYTPUVZLJVU}TPJVZImZPJVZX\LPUJS\`LLSKLZHYYVSSVKLKL[LYTPUHKHZJ\HSPKHKLZ
WLYZVUHSLZ`X\LUVZLYLÄLYLUPJHTLU[LHSHJYLHJP}UKLVYNHUPaHJPVULZZVJPVSHIVYHSLZ,Z[LZLN\UKV

LUMVX\LLZLSX\LZ\I`HJLLUSHWYVW\LZ[HKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHX\LJVULJ[HLZ[HJVTWL[LUJPHJVU
SHJYLH[P]PKHKSHPUUV]HJP}U`SHHZ\UJP}UKLYPLZNVZ
,SLTWYLUKPTPLU[VLZLUWHSHIYHZKL.\[PtYYLa`.HYJxH¸SHJHWHJPKHKKLPUPJPHYWYV`LJ[VZKL
S\JOHYJVU[YHSHWHZP]PKHKKLHWSPJHYSHZLULYNxHZULJLZHYPHZWSHUPÄJHYSHYLHSPaHJP}UI\ZJHYSVZJVUVJP
TPLU[VZ`H`\KHZULJLZHYPHZZVWVY[HYLSLZM\LYaVHN\HU[HYSHZMY\Z[YHJPVULZ¹W:LNU:VIYHKV`
-LYUmUKLaSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZLTWYLUKLKVYHZKLILMVY[HSLJLYZLKLZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]H
LK\JH[P]HH[YH]tZKLSHJVUQ\UJP}UKLOHIPSPKHKLZJVTVSHJYLH[P]PKHKSHJHWHJPKHKKLPUPJPH[P]HWLYZVUHS
`NY\WHSSHYLZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZSH]HSVYHJP}UKLYPLZNVZLJVU}TPJVZSHLSHIVYHJP}UKLWYV`LJ[VZ
LTWYLZHYPHSLZVSH[VTHHKLJ\HKHKLKLJPZPVULZLU[YLV[YHZ;VKHZLZ[HZOHIPSPKHKLZ[PLULU\UWLZVT\`
PTWVY[HU[LWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHSHJHKtTPJV`WYVMLZPVUHSKLSVZQ}]LULZJVTVIHZLKLV[YHZJHWH
JPKHKLZ`JVUVJPTPLU[VZTmZLZWLJxÄJVZ`SLZZLYm[PSUVZ}SVWHYHSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZSHIVYHSLZZPUV[HTIPtU
LUZ\Z]PKHZJV[PKPHUHZ*mTHYHZKL*VTLYJPV `4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U
,USH[HISHZLWYLZLU[HUSHZKP]LYZHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\LZLW\LKLU[YHIHQHYJVUSHQ\]LU[\KH[YH]tZ
KLSHW\LZ[HLUTHYJOHKLWYVW\LZ[HZLK\JH[P]HZSPNHKHZHSLZWxYP[\LTWYLUKLKVYX\LJVTVPUKPJHLS
Libro verde sobre el espíritu empresarial en Europa*VTPZP}UKLSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ,\YVWLHZ[PLUL
\UJHYmJ[LYWS\YPKPTLUZPVUHS
Tabla 2. +LZHYYVSSVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZH[YH]tZKLWYVW\LZ[HZ
LK\JH[P]HZ]PUJ\SHKHZJVULSLTWYLUKPTPLU[V
Dimensión Competencias
©*YLH[P]PKHK
©0UPJPH[P]H
©9LZWVUZHIPSPKHK
©(Z\UJP}UKLYPLZNVZ
7LYZVUHS
©0UKLWLUKLUJPHVH\[VUVTxHLULS[YHIHQV
©7LUZHTPLU[VJYx[PJV
©9LSHJPVULZPU[LYWLYZVUHSLZ
©9LZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZ
©*VUVJPTPLU[V[LTWYHUVKLSJVU[L_[VLJVU}TPJV`KLST\UKVLTWYLZHYPHS
©,TWSLVWVYJ\LU[HWYVWPHJVTVVWJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
3HIVYHSJVU[L_[\HS
©-VYTHJP}ULZWLJxÄJHZVIYLJ}TVWVULYLUTHYJOH\UHLTWYLZH
LTWYLZHYPHS
©7HWLSKLSJVSLJ[P]VLTWYLZHYPHSLUSHJVT\UPKHK
©i[PJHLTWYLZHYPHS
©*YLHJP}UKLLTWSLV
©*VU[YPI\JP}UHSJYLJPTPLU[V
©0N\HSKHK
3HIVYHSZVJPHS ©0N\HSKHKKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZLU[YLOVTIYLZ`T\QLYLZ
©*VTWL[P[P]PKHK
©0UUV]HJP}U
©*YLHJP}UKL\UHJ\S[\YHTmZLTWYLZHYPHS
Fuente: IHZHKVLU*mTHYHZKL*VTLYJPV`4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U
`*VTPZP}UKLSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ,\YVWLHZ
3HLK\JHJP}UWHYHLSLTWYLUKPTPLU[VKLILZ\Z[LU[HYZLLUWYVJLZVZKLLUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQLPU[L
YHJ[P]VZ`WYmJ[PJVZLUSVZX\LZLLZ[HISLaJHUYLKLZJVUSHZLTWYLZHZSVJHSLZ`LSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS3SV
YLU[`X\L\[PSPJLUTL[VKVSVNxHZKP]LYZHZ`HJ[P]HZJVTVLS[YHIHQVWVYWYVISLTHZVWVYWYV`LJ[VZ"
SVZZLTPUHYPVZ"SHZWYmJ[PJHZKLJHTWV"LS[YHIHQVPUKLWLUKPLU[LKLSHS\TUVH`LS\ZVKL[tJUPJHZX\L
YLX\PLYLUKLSHJVSHIVYHJP}U`JVVWLYHJP}UHZxJVTVHJ[P]PKHKLZKLJHYmJ[LYNY\WHS[VKHZLSSHZSHZTmZ
HKLJ\HKHZWHYHMH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJVTWL[LUJPHLTWYLUKLKVYH
2.3. Competencia digital y para el tratamiento de la información
9LZ\S[H PUK\KHISL X\L LU SH :VJPLKHK KL SH 0UMVYTHJP}U SHZ ;0* OHU HKX\PYPKV [HS KLZHYYVSSV X\L
MVYTHUWHY[LJHZPPUZLWHYHISLKLSVZWYVJLZVZLK\JH[P]VZZVJPHSLZ`WYVMLZPVUHSLZ7VY[HU[VYLX\PLYLX\L

SVZJP\KHKHUVZZLHUJVTWL[LU[LZLUZ\\[PSPaHJP}U`Z\WVULLTWSLHYSHZLUZ\KVISLM\UJP}UKL[YHUZTP
ZVYHZ`NLULYHKVYHZKLPUMVYTHJP}U`JVUVJPTPLU[V)VSx]HY
:PULTIHYNVWVYUH[\YHSLaHLZ[HZ[LJUVSVNxHZL]VS\JPVUHUYmWPKHTLU[LZPLUKVWVY[HU[V\UmTIP[V
LUWLYTHULU[LJHTIPVX\LYLX\PLYL\UHHJ[P[\KÅL_PISLLUSHZWLYZVUHZHZxJVTV\UHQ\Z[LJVUZ[HU[LKL
SHWYVWPHKLÄUPJP}U`JVTWVULU[LZX\LKLSPTP[HUSHJVTWL[LUJPH
,ULSJVU[L_[VWYVMLZPVUHSPUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[LKLSmTIP[VSHIVYHSLS\ZVKLOLYYHTPLU[HZKPNP[HSLZLZ
JSH]L[HU[VWHYHLSWYVJLZVKLIZX\LKHKLLTWSLVLUZxTPZTVJVTVWHYHH\TLU[HYSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`H
X\LLSUTLYVKLW\LZ[VZKL[YHIHQVX\LYLX\PLYLULZ[L[PWVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZLZJHKH]LaTmZLSL]HKV
LULSZPNSV??0`[HTIPtUWVYJVUZPKLYHYZLImZPJHZWHYHLSSVNYVKLSt_P[VWYVMLZPVUHS4HNYV :HS]H[LSSH

:LNULS7HYSHTLU[V`*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHSHJVTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HSPTWSPJHLS\ZVJYx[PJV
`ZLN\YVKLSHZ;LJUVSVNxHZKLSH:VJPLKHKKLSH0UMVYTHJP}UWHYHLS[YHIHQVLS[PLTWVSPIYL`SHJVT\UP
JHJP}U:LHWV`HLUOHIPSPKHKLZ;0*ImZPJHZJVTVZVULS\ZVKLVYKLUHKVYLZWHYHYLJ\WLYHYL]HS\HY
HSTHJLUHYWYVK\JPYWYLZLU[HYLPU[LYJHTIPHYPUMVYTHJP}U`WHYHJVT\UPJHY`WHY[PJPWHYLUYLKLZKLJVSH
IVYHJP}UH[YH]tZKL0U[LYUL[,Z[mWVY[HU[VYLSHJPVUHKHJVULSWLUZHTPLU[VS}NPJV`JYx[PJVSHZKLZ[YLaHZ
KLTHULQVKLPUMVYTHJP}UKLHS[VUP]LS`\UHZKLZ[YLaHZJVT\UPJH[P]HZIPLUKLZHYYVSSHKHZ,ULZ[HSxULH
ZLZP[H)VSx]HYYLZHS[HUKVX\LUVIHZ[HJVUZLY\U\Z\HYPVOHIP[\HSKLSVZTLKPVZKPNP[HSLZZPUV
X\LLZWYLJPZVZHILYI\ZJHY`ZLSLJJPVUHYJYx[PJHTLU[LSHPUMVYTHJP}UWHYH[YHUZMVYTHYSHLUJVUVJPTPLU[V
SVX\LJVUSSL]HUVZVSV\UHHSMHIL[PaHJP}U[LJUVS}NPJHVKPNP[HSZPUV[HTIPtUPUMVYTHJPVUHS(YLH
:LNULSJP[HKV4HYJV,\YVWLVKL*VTWL[LUJPHZ*SH]L7HYSHTLU[V`*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLH
LUZ\UP]LSTmZImZPJVSHZKLZ[YLaHZWHYHSH\[PSPaHJP}UKLSHZ;0*JVTWYLUKLULS\ZVKL[LJUVSV
NxHT\S[PTLKPHWHYHYLJ\WLYHYL]HS\HYHSTHJLUHYWYVK\JPYWYLZLU[HYLPU[LYJHTIPHYPUMVYTHJP}U`WHYH
JVT\UPJHY`WHY[PJPWHYLUMVYVZH[YH]tZKL0U[LYUL[,UYLSHJP}UHS[YH[HTPLU[VKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UH\[VYLZ
JVTV)VSx]HYKLSPTP[HUJSHYHTLU[L\UHZLYPLKLKPTLUZPVULZLULZ[HJVTWL[LUJPHX\LL_WYLZHU
KPMLYLU[LZOHIPSPKHKLZH[LULYLUJ\LU[HWHYHZ\KLZHYYVSSV!
)\ZJHYLUJVU[YHY`ZLSLJJPVUHYPUMVYTHJP}UKLTHULYHLÄJHa
*VTWYLUKLYSHPUMVYTHJP}U`NLULYHYKVJ\TLU[VZKPNP[HSLZ
*VT\UPJHYZLLMLJ[P]HTLU[LH[YH]tZKLYLKLZKPNP[HSLZ
*VSHIVYHYJVUV[YVZ`WHY[PJPWHYLUSH]PKHWISPJHH[YH]tZKLSHYLK
(KLTmZKLSHZHU[LYPVYLZKPTLUZPVULZ[HTIPtUYLZ\S[HU]HSPVZHZSHZHWVY[HJPVULZHSYLZWLJ[VYLHSP
aHKHZWVYTLKPVKLS4HYJV,\YVWLVKL*VTWL[LUJPHZ+PNP[HSLZ*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHLU
KVUKLZLOHWYVM\UKPaHKVLUSHKLSPTP[HJP}UKLSHTPZTHKP]PKPtUKVSHLUZ\IJVTWL[LUJPHZLUYLSHJP}U
HSHZJPUJVmYLHZZPN\PLU[LZ-LYYHYP"4HY[xULa!
1) Tratamiento de la información!PKLU[PÄJHYSVJHSPaHYVI[LULYHSTHJLUHYVYNHUPaHY`HUHSPaHYPUMVYTH
JP}UKPNP[HSL]HS\HUKVZ\ÄUHSPKHK`YLSL]HUJPH
2) Comunicación y colaboración!JVT\UPJHYZLLULU[VYUVZKPNP[HSLZJVTWHY[PYYLJ\YZVZWVYTLKPVKL
OLYYHTPLU[HZLUYLKJVULJ[HYJVUV[YVZ`JVSHIVYHYTLKPHU[LOLYYHTPLU[HZKPNP[HSLZPU[LYHJJPVUHY
`WHY[PJPWHYLUJVT\UPKHKLZ`YLKLZJVUJPLUJPHJP}UPU[LYJ\S[\YHS
3) Creación de contenido digital!JYLHY`LKP[HYJVU[LUPKVZKPNP[HSLZU\L]VZPU[LNYHY`YLLSHIVYHYJVUV
JPTPLU[VZ`JVU[LUPKVZWYL]PVZYLHSPaHYWYVK\JJPVULZHY[xZ[PJHZJVU[LUPKVZT\S[PTLKPH`WYVNYHTH
JP}UPUMVYTm[PJHZHILYHWSPJHYSVZKLYLJOVZKLWYVWPLKHKPU[LSLJ[\HS`SHZSPJLUJPHZKL\ZV
4) Resolución de problemas!PKLU[PÄJHYULJLZPKHKLZKL\ZVKLYLJ\YZVZKPNP[HSLZ[VTHYKLJPZPVULZ
PUMVYTHKHZ ZVIYL SHZ OLYYHTPLU[HZ KPNP[HSLZ TmZ HWYVWPHKHZ ZLNU LS WYVW}ZP[V V SH ULJLZPKHK
YLZVS]LYWYVISLTHZJVUJLW[\HSLZH[YH]tZKLTLKPVZKPNP[HSLZ\ZHYSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLMVYTHJYLH[P
]HYLZVS]LYWYVISLTHZ[tJUPJVZHJ[\HSPaHYZ\WYVWPHJVTWL[LUJPH`SHKLV[YVZ
5) Seguridad!WYV[LJJP}UKLPUMVYTHJP}U`KH[VZWLYZVUHSLZWYV[LJJP}UKLSHPKLU[PKHKKPNP[HSTLKP
KHZKLZLN\YPKHK\ZVYLZWVUZHISL`ZLN\YV
7HYH ÄUHSPaHY ZL W\LKL JVUJS\PY X\L SH JVTWL[LUJPH KPNP[HS ` WHYH LS [YH[HTPLU[V KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U
JVTV ZL OH KLZJYP[V LZ[m LU WLYTHULU[L L]VS\JP}U JVTV SV LZ[m LS mTIP[V [LJUVS}NPJV ` LS \ZV X\L
SHZWLYZVUHZOHNHUKLLSSH`KLZ\ZWYVK\J[VZLULSWSHUVWLYZVUHSZVJPHSLK\JH[P]VWYVMLZPVUHSL[J
L_PNPLUKV\UNYHULZM\LYaVHSHZHKTPUPZ[YHJPVULZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ`KLMVYTHJP}UVLUSHNLZ[P}U
KLYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZLULTWYLZHZWHYHYLZWVUKLYHSHZULJLZPKHKLZKLSHJP\KHKHUxH`[YHIHQHKVYLZHZ
HU[LSVZYL[VZX\LUVZWSHU[LHSH:VJPLKHKKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U
3. Roles a afrontar por la Orientación Profesional en el escenario laboral
3HZJVUZ[HU[LZ`JVU[PU\HZ[YHUZMVYTHJPVULZSHYL]VS\JP}U[LJUVS}NPJHL_WLYPTLU[HKH`SHÅL_PIPSPKHK
JYLJPLU[LKLST\UKVKLS[YHIHQVLU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZJVUSSL]HUTVKPÄJHJPVULZLUSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHZx
JVTVSHHZ\UJP}UKLV[YHZTmZUV]LKVZHZSVX\LZ\WVULH\U[PLTWVJHTIPVZLUSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZ
KLSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ`SHULJLZPKHKKLJVU[HYJVUYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZJ\HSPÄJHKVZWVYSVX\LSVZWYVJLZVZ
KLYLJPJSHQL`HJ[\HSPaHJP}UKLILUWYLZLU[HY\UJHYmJ[LYJVU[PU\VKLJHYHHMH]VYLJLYSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLSHZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZKLTHUKHKHZ`LUJVUZLJ\LUJPHSHNLULYHJP}U`LSTHU[LUPTPLU[VKLSLTWSLV
*VU JHYmJ[LY JVTWSLTLU[HYPV H SV JVTLU[HKV LU LS WmYYHMV HU[LYPVY UV KLIL VI]PHYZL LS LSL]HKV
xUKPJLKLKLZLTWSLVHZxJVTVHX\LSSVZV[YVZYHZNVZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVZKLSJVU[L_[VSHIVYHSHJ[\HSHZWLJ[VZ
[VKVZLSSVZX\LZLJVU]PLY[LULU\UYL[VJVUZ[HU[LKLVYPLU[HJP}UMVYTHJP}U`J\HSPÄJHJP}UWVYSVX\L
SVZWVKLYLZWISPJVZHZxJVTVSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZLTWYLZHYPHSLZ`ZPUKPJHSLZTmZYLWYLZLU[H[P]HZOHUKL
I\ZJHY`VMYLJLYZVS\JPVULZHKPJOVZWYVISLTHZPTW\SZHUKVWHYHLSSVWVSx[PJHZX\LMH]VYLaJHULSJVYYLJ[V
M\UJPVUHTPLU[VKLSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV`SHHKHW[HJP}UHSTPZTVKLZ\ZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHLU[YLSHZTLKPKHZHHKVW[HYLUSxULHZNLULYHSLZSHKLTHUKHZL[YHZSHKHHSVZZPZ[L
THZLK\JH[P]VZ`MVYTH[P]VZUVKLIPLUKVVS]PKHYLSWHWLSHKLZLTWL|HYWVYSH6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKL
JHYHHYLZWVUKLYHSHZULJLZPKHKLZL_PZ[LU[LZHZWLJ[VLZ[LX\LQ\U[VHSHHKLJ\HJP}UKLSHMVYTHJP}UH
SVZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZJHTIPHU[LZKLSHZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSMH]VYLJLYmUSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZHKHW[H
ISLZHZP[\HJPVULZJVTWSLQHZ`JHTIPHU[LZ
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVKLZ[HJHLSTVKLSVKLVYPLU[HJP}UWHYHSHJHYYLYHLSJ\HSZLJVUJPILJVTVLSWYVJLZV
KLH`\KHHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHKLSHZWLYZVUHZVYPLU[HJP}UWLYTHULU[LJ\`VWYPUJPWHSVIQL[P]VZLJLU[YH
LUMH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHZOHIPSPKHKLZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZKLNLZ[P}UKLSHJHYYLYHKL[VKHSHJP\KHKHUxH
WVYSVX\LLSTVKLSVIHZHKVLUSHVYPLU[HJP}UWLYTHULU[Llifelong guidance:H]PJRHZL[HS KLIL
[VTHYZLLUJVUZPKLYHJP}UHS[PLTWVX\LZLHZ\TLULU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZU\L]HZWLYZWLJ[P]HZ`LUMV
X\LZHZxJVTVTL[VKVSVNxHZ[tJUPJHZ`YLJ\YZVZTmZPUUV]HKVYLZ:VIYHKV *LPUVZ
,Z WVY LSSV X\L KLZKL SH WLYZWLJ[P]H WYVW\LZ[H LS WHWLS H KLZLTWL|HY WVY SH HJJP}U VYPLU[HKVYH
OHKLJLU[YHYZ\MVJVKLH[LUJP}ULUKP]LYZHZKPTLUZPVULZKLKVUKLZLKLYP]HUKPMLYLU[LZÄUHSPKHKLZ`
VIQL[P]VZHHMYVU[HYHZxJVTVSVZYVSLZHKLZLTWL|HYSVZJ\HSLZKLJHYHHMH]VYLJLYSHSHIVYVYPLU[HKVYH
LULSJVU[L_[VZL|HSHKVLULSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVZLJVUJYL[HULUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ*LPUVZ"*LPUVZ
:VIYHKV!
·+PZWVULY`KP]\SNHYPUMVYTHJP}UHJ[\HSPaHKHZVIYLLSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQVHJ[\HSZVIYLSHL]VS\JP}U
H L_WLYPTLU[HY WVY tZ[L HZx JVTV ZVIYL SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ ZLJ[VYLZ WYVK\J[P]VZ L_PZ[LU[LZ JVU LS
WYVW}ZP[VKLYLHSPaHYSHPKLU[PÄJHJP}U`ZLN\PTPLU[VKLSVZWLYÄSLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZTmZKLTHUKHKVZ
·*VUVJLYHUHSPaHY`KPM\UKPYSHL]VS\JP}UL_WLYPTLU[HKHWVYSHZKPMLYLU[LZVJ\WHJPVULZ`J\HSPÄJH
JPVULZ HX\LSSHZ V[YHZ KL YLJPLU[L HWHYPJP}U HZx JVTV SVZ WLYÄSLZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ YLX\LYPKVZ ` SHZ
ULJLZPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZL_PZ[LU[LZ
·0KLU[PÄJHY`KLÄUPYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZX\LJVUÄN\YHUSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
WYVWPHZKLSVZKPMLYLU[LZZLJ[VYLZWYVK\J[P]VZ
·-H]VYLJLY`TLQVYHYLSHJJLZVHSLTWSLV`SHLZ[HIPSPKHKLULSTPZTV
·(ZLZVYHYLULSKPZL|V`LZ[HISLJPTPLU[VKLHJJPVULZMVYTH[P]HZKLJHYmJ[LYTVK\SHYHZVJPHKHZH
SHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
·-VTLU[HYSHHKLJ\HJP}ULU[YLSVZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZL_PNPKVZWVYLSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV`SHMVYTHJP}U
L_PZ[LU[L
·-H]VYLJLYSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKLTHUKHKHZLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZZ\IZPZ[LTHZKL-VY
THJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
·:LY]PYKLPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLHWV`VWHYHMH]VYLJLYLSPUJYLTLU[VKLSHJHSPKHKKLSHMVYTHJP}U
·6MYLJLYPUMVYTHJP}U`HZLZVYHTPLU[VWYVMLZPVUHSHSHZWLYZVUHZWHYHMVTLU[HY\UH\TLU[VKLZ\
UP]LS KL J\HSPÄJHJP}U ` \U TH`VY WYVNYLZV HZx JVTV \U PUJYLTLU[V KL SH JVTWL[P[P]PKHK KL SHZ
empresas.
·6YPLU[HYHSHZWLYZVUHZHYLHSPaHYHJJPVULZKLMVYTHJP}UWLYTHULU[LX\LWLYTP[HUSHHKX\PZPJP}UKL
JVTWL[LUJPHZ`LUJVUZLJ\LUJPHSHTLQVYHKLZ\J\HSPÄJHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
·*VUZPKLYHY`HZLZVYHYZVIYLSHZKPMLYLU[LZ]xHZKLHKX\PZPJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ
·(ZLZVYHY`ZLY]PYJVTVPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLHWV`VLULSWYVJLZVKLYLJVUVJPTPLU[V`HJYLKP[HJP}UKL
JVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZH[YH]tZKLSHW\LZ[HLUTHYJOHKLSVZTLJHUPZTVZLPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ
necesarios.
·(\TLU[HYLSUP]LSKLTV[P]HJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZWHYHX\LKLZHYYVSSLUZ\JVTWL[LUJPHWYVMLZPVUHS`
HKX\PLYHUHX\LSSHZV[YHZKLJHYmJ[LYPUUV]HKVY
-PUHSTLU[LHSH]PZ[HKLSVL_W\LZ[VJHILHW\U[HYSHULJLZPKHKKLX\LLS[YHIHQVSHMVYTHJP}U`SH
VYPLU[HJP}U[YHIHQLUKLTHULYHJVVYKPUHKHJVULSÄUKLYLZWVUKLYHSHZKLTHUKHZVYPLU[HKVYHZL_PZ[LU
[LZHZxJVTVHKLJ\HYSHMVYTHJP}UHSVZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZJHTIPHU[LZKLSHZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSKLTVKVX\L
SHZWLYZVUHZWVY\USHKVW\LKHUHKX\PYPYSHZJ\HSPÄJHJPVULZULJLZHYPHZTPLU[YHZX\LWVYLSV[YVLZ[tU
LUJVUKPJPVULZKLHJYLKP[HYLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[V`]HSPKLaKLSHZTPZTHZSVX\LMH]VYLJLYmSHJVUZVSPKHJP}U
KLZ\]HSxHWYVMLZPVUHS
Conclusiones
3HÅL_PIPSPKHKJYLJPLU[LKLST\UKVKLS[YHIHQV`SHZPUUV]HJPVULZ[LJUVS}NPJHZYLX\PLYLUKLSVZ[YHIH
QHKVYLZHZLSKLZHYYVSSVKL\UHZJVTWL[LUJPHZHKHW[HISLZHSHZZP[\HJPVULZJVTWSLQHZ`JHTIPHU[LZLU
SHZX\L]P]PTVZ*VUSHÄUHSPKHKKLKLZHYYVSSHYLZHZJVTWL[LUJPHZSHKLTHUKHZL[YHZSHKHHSVZZPZ[LTHZ
MVYTH[P]VZ X\L KLILYxHU YLHSPaHY \U [YHIHQV KL YL]PZP}U WYVM\UKH KL HZWLJ[VZ JVTV SH JVUJLWJP}U KLS
J\YYxJ\SVSHZTL[VKVSVNxHZSHL]HS\HJP}U`SHJ\S[\YHLZJVSHYWHYHPU[LNYHYKLTHULYHLMLJ[P]H\UTVKLSV
KL LUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQL IHZHKV LU JVTWL[LUJPHZ LUMVJHKV H SH MVYTHJP}U KL JP\KHKHUVZ JYx[PJVZ `
YLZWVUZHISLZÙVWYPVYP[HYPHTLU[LHSHWYLWHYHJP}UKLWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
,SPU[LYtZJYLJPLU[LX\LL_PZ[LLULSJVU[L_[VL\YVWLVZVIYLLS[LTHKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZZL]LYLÅL
QHKVLUSHZU\TLYVZHZPUPJPH[P]HZKLKPMLYLU[LZHKTPUPZ[YHJPVULZWISPJHZ`VYNHUPZTVZWYP]HKVZX\LOHU
LSHIVYHKVTHYJVZKLOHIPSPKHKLZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZJSH]LWHYHPUJS\PYLUSHMVYTHJP}UImZPJH
3HZ [LUKLUJPHZ TmZ HJ[\HSLZ KLS KLZHYYVSSV KL JVTWL[LUJPHZ LZWLJPHSTLU[L KL SHZ JVUZPKLYHKHZ
JVTVJSH]LVImZPJHZWHY[LUKL\ULUMVX\LPU[LNYHKVYLULSX\LZLJVTIPULUSHYLHSPaHJP}UWLYZVUHSSH
PUJS\ZP}UZVJPHSSHJP\KHKHUxHHJ[P]H`LSLTWSLV
,Z[L[PWVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZLZ[mT\`YLSHJPVUHKVJVUSHYLZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZKLSLU[VYUVWVYSV
X\LZLW\LKLWYV`LJ[HYMmJPSTLU[LKLSHKPTLUZP}UPUKP]PK\HSHSHKPTLUZP}UZVJPVJVT\UP[HYPH
,U LS HUmSPZPZ KL [YLZ KL SHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ JSH]L SH JYLH[P]PKHK ` SH PUUV]HJP}U LS LTWYLUKPTPLU[V
` SH JVTWL[LUJPH KPNP[HS ` WHYH LS [YH[HTPLU[V KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U ZL OH JVUQ\NHKV Z\ YLSL]HUJPH WHYH LS
TLYJHKVSHIVYHS`SVZWYVJLZVZKLIZX\LKHKLLTWSLV`Z\PTWVY[HUJPHWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`
ZVJPHS(KLTmZZLWYLZLU[HYVUHSN\UHZWH\[HZVYLJVTLUKHJPVULZH[LULYLUJ\LU[HWHYHPUJS\PYSHZLUSVZ
ZPZ[LTHZLK\JH[P]V`MVYTH[P]V
(YLH4;YH[HTPLU[VKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`JVTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HS,U()VSx]HYJVVYKCompetencias
básicasWW)PSIHV!>VS[LYZ2S\^LY
)VSx]HY(Competencias básicas y currículo4HKYPK!:xU[LZPZ
*mTHYHZKL*VTLYJPV 4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U El fomento del espíritu emprendedor en la escue-
la4HKYPK!*mTHYHZKL*VTLYJPV`4,*
*LPUVZ*Diagnóstico de las competencias de los orientadores laborales en el uso de las Tecnolo-
gías de la Información y de la Comunicación.;LZPZ+VJ[VYHS<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
*VTPZP}UKLSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ,\YVWLHZLibro verde El espíritu empresarial en Europa)Y\ZLSHZ!
*64
,PJOOVYZ[>3HZPUZ[P[\JPVULZKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHS`LSM\[\YVKLS[YHIHQV!¦I\LUVZLTWSLVZWHYH
[VKVZ&,U.)LUZ\ZmU>,PJOOVYZ[ 149VKYxN\La*VVYKZLas transformaciones tecnológicas
`Z\ZKLZHMxVZWHYHLSLTWSLVSHZYLSHJPVULZSHIVYHSLZ`SHPKLU[PÄJHJP}UKLSHKLTHUKHKLJ\HSPÄJHJPV-
nesWW:HU[PHNV!5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ
-LYUmUKLa0,PaHNPYYL((YHUKPH49\PaKL.H\UH7 ,aLPaH(*YLH[P]PKHKLPUUV]HJP}U!
JSH]LZWHYHPU[LY]LUPYLUJVU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQL9L]PZ[H0ILYVHTLYPJHUHZVIYL*HSPKHK,ÄJHJPH`
Cambio en Educación, 10
-LYYHYP ( . DIGCOMP: A Framework for Developing and Understanding Digital Competence in
Europe. 3\_LTI\YNV!6ÄJPUHKL7\ISPJHJPVULZKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLH
-Y`LY4 Creative teaching and learning3VUKVU!7H\S*OHWTHU
.\[PtYYLa4 .HYJxH13;HSLU[VLTWYLUKLKVYPU[LSPNLUJPHJYLH[P]PKHK`ZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V
Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 80
3L]`3LIV`LY* Gestión de las competencias)HYJLSVUH!.LZ[P}U
3SVYLU[=1,K\JHJP}ULTWYLUKLKVYHWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]VFormación Geren-
cial, 11
4HNYV* :HS]H[LSSH1JVVYKZCultura digital y transformación de las organizaciones. 8 com-
petencias digitales para el éxito profesional)HYJLSVUH!9VJH:HS]H[LSSH
4HYPUH1(Teoría de la inteligencia creadora ¡LK)HYJLSVUH!(UHNYHTH
4HY[xULa04HYJVJVTUKLJVTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HSKVJLU[LSupervisión 21, Revista de educación
e inspección
5PL[V1Y tú… ¿innovas o abdicas? Colaborando con la nueva normalidad ¡LK=HSLUJPH!<UP
]LYZP[H[7VSP[uJUPJHKL=HSuUJPH
6,*+,<96:;(;Oslo Manual: Guía para la recogida e interpretación de datos sobre innovación
¡LK4HKYPK!;YHNZH9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!K_KVPVYN LZ
7HYSHTLU[V`*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLH9LJVTLUKHJP}U *,KLS7HYSHTLU[V,\YVWLV
`KLS*VUZLQVKLKLKPJPLTIYLKLZVIYLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZJSH]LWHYHLSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTH
nente. +PHYPV6ÄJPHSKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLH
9VKYxN\La(--\[\YV`JYLH[P]PKHK!\UHTPYHKHWYVZWLJ[P]VZVJPHSZVIYLSHJYLH[P]PKHK,U(\[VY
JVVYK Creatividad y sociedad. Hacia una cultura creativa en el siglo XXI WW )HYJLSVUH!
6J[HLKYV
:H]PJRHZ 4 3 5V[H 3 9VZZPLY 1 +H\^HSKLY 1 7 +\HY[L 4 , .\PJOHYK 1 L[ HS 3PML
KLZPNUPUN!(WHYHKPNTMVYJHYLLYJVUZ[Y\J[PVUPU[OLZ[JLU[\Y`Journal of Vocational Behavior,75

:LS[aLY 2 )LU[SL` ; La era de la creatividad. Conocimientos y habilidades para una nueva
sociedad4HKYPK!:HU[PSSHUH
:VIYHKV34 *LPUVZ*Tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Uso en orientación
profesional y en la formación.4HKYPK!)PISPV[LJH5\L]H
:VIYHKV34 *LPUVZ*4VKLSVZLTLYNLU[LZLU6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS,U4-:mUJOLa.HY
JxH*VVYKOrientación para el desarrollo profesionalWW4HKYPK!<UP]LYZPKHK5HJPVUHSKL
,K\JHJP}UH+PZ[HUJPH
:VIYHKV34 -LYUmUKLa,*VTWL[LUJPHZLTWYLUKLKVYHZ`KLZHYYVSSVKLSLZWxYP[\LTWYLZHYPHS
LUSVZJLU[YVZLK\JH[P]VZEducación XX1, 13
;VYYL:KLSH3HJYLH[P]PKHK\UIPLUZVJPHS`J\S[\YHS,U(-9VKYxN\LaJVVYKCreatividad y
sociedad. Hacia una cultura creativa en el siglo XXIWW)HYJLSVUH!6J[HLKYV
<5,:*6 Nuestra diversidad creativa. Informe de la Comisión Mundial de Cultura y Desarrollo.
7HYxZ!,KPJPVULZ<5,:*6
María Cristina Ceinos-Sanz
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Retos De La Orientación
JYPZ[PUHJLPUVZ'\ZJLZ
Miguel Anxo Nogueira-Pérez
Profesional Para La
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H (Re)Inserción Laboral
En La Sociedad Actual
Resumen
,S LU[YHTHKV ZVJPHS HJ[\HS LU SxULHZ NLULYHSLZ ZL

JHYHJ[LYPaHWVYLSKPUHTPZTV`SHJVTWSLQPKHKKLSVZJHT
IPVZWYVK\JPKVZLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZSVZJ\HSLZWYLZLU[HU
Z\ZPUÅ\LUJPHZLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZZLJ[VYLZKLZ[HJHUKVWVY
Z\YLSL]HUJPHLULSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVSHZYLMLYPKHZHSJVU
[L_[VSHIVYHS
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVLSLZJLUHYPVSHIVYHSHJ[\HSZLOH]PZ[V
PUÅ\PKVLU[YLV[YVZMHJ[VYLZWVYSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UHWYV
M\UKH ` WYVSVUNHKH JYPZPZ LJVU}TPJH SH J\HS OH L_PNPKV
\UHYmWPKHHKHW[HJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZ`LUJVUZLJ\LU
JPHSHL_PZ[LUJPHKLTS[PWSLZKLTHUKHZKLVYPLU[HJP}U
7VY[HU[VHSH]PZ[HKLSVL_W\LZ[VLSWYLZLU[L[YHIH
QVJLU[YHZ\H[LUJP}UH[YH]tZKLSHYL]PZP}UKVJ\TLU[HS
YLHSPaHKH LU VMYLJLY JPLY[HZ VYPLU[HJPVULZ X\L WLYTP[HU
H[LUKLY`ZH[PZMHJLYLUSHTLKPKHKLSVWVZPISLSHZULJLZP
KHKLZVYPLU[HKVYHZL_PZ[LU[LZKLZ[HJHUKVLU[YLV[YHZSH
HKVWJP}UKLWLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZ`TL[VKVS}NPJHZTmZ
HJ[\HSLZ`HJVYKLZJVUSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HS
Palabras clave:ULJLZPKHKLZVYPLU[HKVYHZJVU[L_[V
SHIVYHSYL[VZHJ[\HSLZKLSH6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
ÍYLH[LTm[PJH!6YPLU[HsqVHVSVUNVKH]PKH!WYVÄZ
ZPVUHPZVUSPUL&
INTRODUCCIÓN
,U SH HJ[\HSPKHK UVZ LUJVU[YHTVZ PUTLYZVZ LU \U

THYJV ZVJPVLJVU}TPJV JHYHJ[LYPaHKV LU[YL V[YVZ MHJ[V
YLZ WVY SH NSVIHSPaHJP}U SVZ JHTIPVZ WYVK\JPKVZ LU SH
[V[HSPKHKKLmTIP[VZ`ZLJ[VYLZWVYSHJVUZVSPKHJP}UKL
\ULU[YHTHKVZVJPHSIHZHKVLUSHPUMVYTHJP}U`LSJVUV
JPTPLU[VWVYSHPU[YVK\JJP}UTHZP]HKLSHZ;LJUVSVNxHZKL
SH0UMVYTHJP}U`KLSH*VT\UPJHJP}U;0*WVYSHHWHYPJP}U
KL KPMLYLU[LZ mTIP[VZ KL JYLJPTPLU[V LJVU}TPJV WVY SH
TV]PSPKHK`KP]LYZPKHKKLSVZTLYJHKVZSHIVYHSLZWVY\U
H\TLU[VKLSVZTV]PTPLU[VZTPNYH[VYPVZ`SHJVUZLJ\LU[L
KP]LYZPKHKJ\S[\YHSHZxJVTVWVYU\L]HZMVYTHZKLHNY\
WHJP}UMHTPSPHYHZWLJ[VZ[VKVZLSSVZWYVWPVZKLSTVTLU[V
HJ[\HS`KPMLYLU[LZHSVZHJVU[LJPKVZLUTVTLU[VZHU[L
YPVYLZSVZJ\HSLZLUZ\JVUQ\U[VOHUWYV]VJHKVSHHWHYP
JP}ULZ[HISLJPTPLU[V`JVUZVSPKHJP}UKL\UU\L]VVYKLU
ZVJPHS
,ZWVYLSSVX\LLU\UJVU[L_[VJHYHJ[LYPaHKVWVYSVZHZWLJ[VZTLUJPVUHKVZ[VKVZ`JHKH\UVKL
LSSVZOHU[LUPKVZ\PUÅ\LUJPHLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZZLJ[VYLZKLZ[HJHUKVLULSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVSVZYLMLYPKVZHS
JVU[L_[VSHIVYHSLULSX\LSHPUJLY[PK\TIYLSHPUZLN\YPKHK`SHWYLJHYPLKHKSHIVYHSJVTVJVUZLJ\LUJPHKL
SHJYPZPZLJVU}TPJHL_WLYPTLU[HKHLUSVZS[PTVZ[PLTWVZZLOHUJVU]LY[PKVLUJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZWYPUJPWHSLZ
WVYSVX\LZLL_PNL\UHYmWPKHHKHW[HJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZHKPJOHZP[\HJP}UHZWLJ[VtZ[LX\LPTWSPJHSH
HWHYPJP}UKLTS[PWSLZULJLZPKHKLZ`KLTHUKHZKLVYPLU[HJP}U
*VU LS WYVW}ZP[V KL H[LUKLY ` ZH[PZMHJLY KPJOHZ KLTHUKHZ ZL WYLJPZH HMYVU[HY KP]LYZVZ JVTL[PKVZ
WVSx[PJHZJVUJYL[HZLUTH[LYPHKLVYPLU[HJP}U"L_PZ[LUJPHKLZLY]PJPVZKLJHSPKHK`WYVMLZPVUHSLZJ\HSPÄJH
KVZ"LU[YLV[YVZKLZ[HJHUKVJVTVWYPUJPWHSLZHZWLJ[VZHHIVYKHYSHULJLZPKHKKLHKVW[HYWLYZWLJ[P]HZ
[L}YPJHZ`TL[VKVS}NPJHZKLPU[LY]LUJP}UTmZHJ[\HSLZ`HJVYKLZJVUSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSSHZJ\HSLZWYL
ZLU[LU\UJHYmJ[LYTmZPU[LNYHSOVSxZ[PJVLPUUV]HKVYHS[PLTWVX\LH[PLUKHUHSH[V[HSPKHKKLKPTLUZPVULZ
ÙLJLZPKHKLZKLSVZZ\QL[VZUVZ}SVSHZYLMLYPKHZHSHLZMLYHWYVMLZPVUHS
,UJVUZLJ\LUJPH`JVULSWYVW}ZP[VKLVMYLJLY\UHYLZW\LZ[HZLLSHIVYHLSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVLSJ\HS
JLU[YHZ\H[LUJP}UHWHY[PYKLSHYLÅL_P}UYLHSPaHKHZVIYLSHYLHSPKHK`LSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSHJ[\HS`SHZULJL
ZPKHKLZKLVYPLU[HJP}UL_PZ[LU[LZLUVMYLJLYJPLY[HZVYPLU[HJPVULZKLZ[HJHUKVLU[YLV[YHZSHULJLZPKHK
KLHKVW[HYWLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZ`TL[VKVS}NPJHZTmZHJVYKLZJVUSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HS
RASGOS CARACTERÍSTICOS DEL ESCENARIO LABORAL ACTUAL
+L SVZ JHTIPVZ WYVK\JPKVZ K\YHU[L SVZ S[PTVZ H|VZ LU SH [V[HSPKHK KL ZLJ[VYLZ X\L JVUMVYTHU LS
LU[YHTHKVZVJPHSHJ[\HSZLHIVYKHUJVULZWLJPHSKL[LUPTPLU[VHX\LSSVZHJVU[LJPKVZLULSLZJLUHYPVSHIV
YHSLSJ\HSLUSxULHZNLULYHSLZZLOHJHYHJ[LYPaHKVWVYSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UHWYVM\UKH`WYVSVUNHKHJYPZPZ
LJVU}TPJH(SYLZWLJ[VJHILHW\U[HYSHZP[\HJP}ULJVU}TPJH`SHIVYHSKLSVZWHxZLZTPLTIYVZKLSH<UP}U
,\YVWLH<,PUÅ\PKHWVYLSMLU}TLUVKLYLJLZP}UTLUJPVUHKV`WVYLSJVUZLJ\LU[LH\TLU[VKLSHZ
[HZHZKLKLZLTWSLV LUSHL\YVaVUH`LULS[V[HSKLSH<,,\YVZ[H[H
+LHJ\LYKVJVULZ[V`JVULSWYVW}ZP[VKLPKLU[PÄJHYSVZWYPUJPWHSLZYHZNVZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVZKLSZPZ[LTH
WYVK\J[P]VOV`LUKxHKLHJ\LYKVJVU:VIYHKV *LPUVZKLZ[HJHUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
·+LZHWHYPJP}UKLSJVUJLW[VKL[YHIHQVWHYH[VKHSH]PKH
·5\L]VZmTIP[VZKLJYLJPTPLU[VLJVU}TPJV
·4V]PSPKHK`KP]LYZPKHKKLSVZTLYJHKVZ
·0UUV]HJP}U[LJUVS}NPJHWLYTHULU[L
·5\L]VZWYVJLZVZWYVK\J[P]VZ`SHIVYHSLZHZxJVTVPTWVZPIPSPKHKKLWYLKLJPYU\L]HZULJLZPKHKLZ
·:PZ[LTHZKL[YHIHQVÅL_PISLZ`KLPUPJPH[P]HWLYZVUHSH\[VLTWSLV
·9L[YHZVLUSHLKHKKLHJJLZVHSLTWSLV`KLQ\IPSHJP}U
·7LYZPZ[LUJPH KLS KLZLTWSLV TH`VY ÅL_PIPSPKHK LU SVZ KLZWPKVZ ` H\TLU[V KL SH [LTWVYHSPKHK `
WYLJHYPLKHKSHIVYHS
·4V]PSPKHKSHIVYHS`WVSP]HSLUJPHKL[HYLHZ`M\UJPVULZHKLZHYYVSSHY
·7YLZLUJPHTHZP]HKLSHT\QLYLULST\UKVSHIVYHS`KPZJYPTPUHJP}USHIVYHSKLtZ[H[HU[VLUZLU[PKV
OVYPaVU[HSJVTV]LY[PJHS
·(KHW[HJP}UHSHZKLTHUKHZKLSVZTLYJHKVZWVYSVX\LL_PZ[L\UHKLTHUKHJYLJPLU[LKLU\L]HZ
OHIPSPKHKLZ`JHWHJPKHKLZHZxJVTVKLSHJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LMVYTHJP}U`J\HSPÄJHJP}U
(W\U[HKVZLUSxULHZNLULYHSLZSVZYHZNVZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVZKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSHJ[\HSKLILYLHSPaHYZL
\UHLZWLJPHSTLUJP}UHSMLU}TLUVKLSKLZLTWSLV,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHJHILHW\U[HYX\LSHZ[HZHZL_PZ[LU
[LZHSYLZWLJ[VUVHMLJ[HUWVYPN\HSHSVZKPMLYLU[LZJVSLJ[P]VZ`HX\LMHJ[VYLZJVTVSHLKHKLSNtULYVSH
MVYTHJP}UJ\YZHKH`LSUP]LSKLJ\HSPÄJHJP}UVI[LUPKVVSHWLY[LULUJPHHNY\WVZJVUTH`VYLZKPÄJ\S[HKLZ
KLLTWSLHIPSPKHKWYLZLU[HUZ\PUÅ\LUJPHLUSHZKLZPN\HSKHKLZL_PZ[LU[LZ`LUSHJVUZLJ\LU[LL_JS\ZP}U
ZVJPVSHIVYHS
,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHLUSVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSHLKHKSHZ[HZHZKLKLZLTWSLVZL]LUPUJYLTLU[HKHZLULS
JVSLJ[P]VKLQ}]LULZ LUSHaVUHL\YV` LULSJVUQ\U[VKLSH<,JPMYHZUV[HISLTLU[LTmZ
LSL]HKHZ LU HSN\UVZ WHxZLZ ,\YVZ[H[ I WVY SV X\L LZ[L JVSLJ[P]V H WLZHY KL JVUZ[P[\PY \UV KL
SVZWPSHYLZM\UKHTLU[HSLZKL,\YVWH`KLJHKH,Z[HKV+L4HYJV :VYHUKVLZ\UVKLSVZTmZ
HMLJ[HKVZ WVY KPJOV MLU}TLUV *VTWSLTLU[HYPHTLU[L KLZ[HJHU [HTIPtU SHZ [HZHZ L_PZ[LU[LZ LU V[YVZ
JVSLJ[P]VZ`HX\LLSKLSHZWLYZVUHZKLZLTWSLHKHZLUJVYYLZWVUKxHHWLYZVUHZJVULKHKLZ
JVTWYLUKPKHZLU[YLSVZ` H|VZ05,WVYSVX\LZLHWYLJPH\UH\TLU[VKLSKLZLTWSLVLULS
JVSLJ[P]VKLWLYZVUHZKLTH`VYLKHK
7VY V[YH WHY[L [VTHUKV LU JVUZPKLYHJP}U SVZ MHJ[VYLZ YLMLYPKVZ HS NtULYV ` HS NYHKV KL LZ[\KPVZ
KLZ[HJHUKLZKLZPLTWYL\UHZ[HZHZKLKLZLTWSLVTmZLSL]HKHZLULSJVSLJ[P]VMLTLUPUVMYLU[L
HSLULSJHZVKLSVZOVTIYLZ,\YVZ[H[I`LU[YLSHZWLYZVUHZJVUTLUVYUP]LSKLJ\HSPÄJH
JP}UZPLUKVKPJOVZJVSLJ[P]VZ[HTIPtUX\PLULZOHUYLNPZ[YHKVK\YHU[LLSWLYxVKVKLYLJLZP}ULJVU}TPJH
TH`VYLZKLZJLUZVZLUSHZ[HZHZKLLTWSLV
-PUHSTLU[LKLILYLZHS[HYZLSHL_JS\ZP}USHIVYHSZ\MYPKHWVYHSN\UVZJVSLJ[P]VZTPUVYxHZt[UPJHZVJ\S
[\YHSLZWLYZVUHZJVUKP]LYZPKHKM\UJPVUHS`VPU[LSLJ[\HSLU[YLV[YVZX\PLULZWVZLLU\UHLZJHZHJHWH
JPKHKWHYHHJJLKLYHSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSVX\PLULZHJJLKLULUV[YVZJHZVZH\ULTWSLVKLIHQHJHSPKHK
NECESIDADES ORIENTADORAS EXISTENTES EN EL VIGENTE CONTEXTO LABORAL
(U[LSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UWHUVYHTHJHYHJ[LYPaHKVWVYSVZYHZNVZHW\U[HKVZLULSLWxNYHMLHU[LYPVYJHIL
HW\U[HYSHULJLZPKHK`L_PNLUJPHWVYWHY[LKLSHZWLYZVUHZKLHKHW[HJP}UHLZ[HU\L]HYLHSPKHKHWLZHY
KLSHJVTWSLQPKHK`KPÄJ\S[HKX\LKPJOVWYVJLZVLU[YH|L*LPUVZ
,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHZVUKP]LYZVZSVZHZWLJ[VZHJVUZPKLYHYJVTVSHL_PNLUJPHKLJVTWL[LUJPHZJ\HSP
ÄJHJPVULZ`WLYÄSLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZWYVNYLZP]HTLU[LHJ[\HSPaHKVZ`HJVYKLZJVUSHZKLTHUKHZHJ[\HSLZSH
ULJLZPKHKKL\UHMVYTHJP}U`VYPLU[HJP}UHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHSVZWYVJLZVZKLPUZLYJP}U`YLPUZLYJP}UX\L
[PLULUS\NHYLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKHZxJVTVSHZKP]LYZHZ[YHUZPJPVULZHHMYVU[HYWVYSHZWLYZVUHZHSVSHYNVKLZ\
[YH`LJ[VYPHWYVMLZPVUHSMHJ[VYLZ[VKVZLSSVZX\LJVUZ[P[\`LU`VNLULYHUU\L]HZULJLZPKHKLZ`KLTHUKHZ
KLVYPLU[HJP}U
,ZWVYLSSVX\LHSH]PZ[HKLSVL_W\LZ[VZLLZ[mLUJVUKPJPVULZKLYLJVUVJLYSHL_PZ[LUJPHKLTS
[PWSLZMHJ[VYLZNLULYHKVYLZ[VKVZLSSVZKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZKLVYPLU[HJP}UNLZ[HKHZK\YHU[LSVZS[PTVZ
H|VZHZxJVTVKLSHNYHUKP]LYZPKHKKLZP[\HJPVULZ`VWYVJLZVZKLVYPLU[HJP}UX\LT\JOHZWLYZVUHZ
W\LKLUYLX\LYPYK\YHU[LZ\JHYYLYHWYVMLZPVUHS,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHZLWYLJPZHX\LSVZKPMLYLU[LZVYNHUPZTVZ
LPUZ[P[\JPVULZHUP]LSL\YVWLVJVU[PULUJVUJLKPLUKVLZWLJPHSH[LUJP}UHHX\LSSHZWVSx[PJHZPU[LYUHJPVUH
SLZX\LKLZKLOHJLH|VZ`HULUSHHJ[\HSPKHKPUJS\`LUSHVYPLU[HJP}UWLYTHULU[LJVTVPUZ[Y\TLU[V`
TVKVHKLJ\HKVKLVMYLJLYYLZW\LZ[HHSHZTPZTHZ*,+,-67`HX\LKLHJ\LYKVJVULS*VUZLQV
KLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHSHVYPLU[HJP}UOHKLJVUJLIPYZLJVTVLSJVUQ\U[VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZKLZ[PUHKHZ
H[VKHZSHZWLYZVUHZLUJ\HSX\PLYTVTLU[VKLZ\JPJSV]P[HSJVULSWYVW}ZP[VKLMH]VYLJLYZ\JHWHJP[HJP}U
WHYHSHHKX\PZPJP}UKLJPLY[HZJHWHJPKHKLZSHHKVWJP}UKLKLJPZPVULZ`SHNLZ[P}UKLZ\HWYLUKPaHQL`Z\
[YH`LJ[VYPH[HU[VHUP]LSWLYZVUHSJVTVWYVMLZPVUHS
RETOS DE LA ORIENTACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN LA ACTUALIDAD
(SH]PZ[HKLSVL_W\LZ[VKLZ[HJHSH[YHUZJLUKLUJPHX\LOV`LUKxHHKX\PLYLULU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZ
SVZ WYVJLZVZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL ` VYPLU[HJP}U SVZ J\HSLZ ZL JVU]PLY[LU LU NYHUKLZ YL[VZ H JVUZPKLYHY 5V
VIZ[HU[L[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}USHZULJLZPKHKLZ`KLTHUKHZKLVYPLU[HJP}UL_PZ[LU[LZLZWYLJPZV
WYLZ[HYH[LUJP}UHSHZTPZTHZKLZ[HJHUKV[HTIPtUSHULJLZPKHKKLX\LL_PZ[H\UHTH`VYJVVWLYHJP}U
LULSKLZHYYVSSVKLWVSx[PJHZ`HJJPVULZKLVYPLU[HJP}ULK\JHJP}UMVYTHJP}U`LTWSLV"ZLY]PJPVZVYPLU[H
KVYLZ LZWLJPHSPaHKVZ ` IHQV SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK KL WYVMLZPVUHSLZ Z\ÄJPLU[LTLU[L J\HSPÄJHKVZ .\PJOHYK
`:H]PJRHZHZxJVTVPUPJPH[P]HZJLU[YHKHZLUJVU[YPI\PYHSKLZHYYVSSVKLS,ZWHJPV,\YVWLVKL
6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
*VTWSLTLU[HYPHTLU[L H SVZ YL[VZ TLUJPVUHKVZ LZ WYLJPZV YLJVUZPKLYHY V[YVZ HZWLJ[VZ KL KPJOH
KPZJPWSPUHJVTVHJVU[LJLJVUSVZLUMVX\LZ`WLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZHZxJVTVJVUSHZ[tJUPJHZ`YLJ\YZVZ
HLTWSLHY(SYLZWLJ[VLUSVYLMLYPKVHSVZLUMVX\LZ`WLYZWLJ[P]HZLUTH[LYPHKL6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
LZWYLJPZVX\LHX\LSSHZKLJHYmJ[LYJSmZPJV]mSPKHZT\JOHZKLLSSHZLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKZLLUYPX\LaJHUJVU
U\L]HZJVU[YPI\JPVULZHS[PLTWVX\LOHUKLJVUZPKLYHYZLHX\LSSHZLTLYNPKHZLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZ[VKHZ
LSSHZJVUWLYZWLJ[P]HZ`LUMVX\LZPU[LNYHSLZLUSVZX\LSHWLYZVUHOHKLZLYJVUZPKLYHKHHSVSHYNVKLZ\
]PKHLUSHZKPMLYLU[LZL[HWHZ`LUZ\ZKP]LYZHZMHJL[HZWYLZ[HUKVH[LUJP}UHZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZ`KPTLU
ZPVULZ ]P[HSLZ ZPU JL|PYZL L_JS\ZP]HTLU[L H HX\LSSVZ HZWLJ[VZ LZWLJxÄJVZ WYVWPVZ KL \UH KPTLUZP}U
W\YHTLU[LWYVMLZPVUHS:VIYHKV *LPUVZ
7VYZ\WHY[LLUSVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSHZ[tJUPJHZ`YLJ\YZVZHLTWSLHYKLTVKVJVTWSLTLU[HYPVHHX\L
SSHZJLU[YHKHZLUMH]VYLJLYSHPUZLYJP}U`VYLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS`VWYVMLZPVUHSKLSVZZ\QL[VZJVUZPKLYHKHZ
SHZTmZOHIP[\HSLZLU6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKLU[YVKLSJVU[L_[VSHIVYHSWYLJPZHWYLZ[HYZLH[LUJP}U[HU[V
HHX\LSSHZKLJHYmJ[LY[LJUVS}NPJVJVTVHSHZJLU[YHKHZLUMH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHJHYYLYHWYVMLZPVUHS
+LLZ[LTVKVLUWYPTLYS\NHYLUSVX\LHSVZYLJ\YZVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZZLYLÄLYLKLZ[HJHSHHWHYPJP}U
KL TS[PWSLZ TLKPVZ ` HWSPJHJPVULZ ;0* LZWLJxÄJHZ LU 6YPLU[HJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS HZx JVTV LZJLUHYPVZ KL
VYPLU[HJP}UJVUVJPKVZLU[YLV[YHZKLUVTPUHJPVULZJVTVLU[VYUVZKLLVYPLU[HJP}U\VYPLU[HJP}U]PY[\HS
4J4HOVU7H[VU =PSQHTHH"7HU[VQH`:VIYHKV *LPUVZ,UJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLJHYH
H MH]VYLJLY Z\ KLZHYYVSSV ZL YLX\PLYL JVUVJLY SHZ WV[LUJPHSPKHKLZ ` SPTP[HJPVULZ X\L tZ[HZ WYLZLU[HU
[VTHUKVZPLTWYLLUJVUZPKLYHJP}USVZVIQL[P]VZMVYT\SHKVZWHYHSHHJJP}UVYPLU[HKVYHHKLZHYYVSSHYSVZ
YLJ\YZVZKPZWVUPISLZ`SVZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZPTWSPJHKVZ:VIYHKV*LPUVZ .HYJxHJVULSWYVW}ZP[VKL
MH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHZM\UJPVULZWYVWPHZKLSH6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS`LSSVNYVKLILULÄJPVZ[HU[V
WHYHZ\ZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZHX\PLULZVMYLJLYmUTH`VYTV[P]HJP}U`ZH[PZMHJJP}UKLZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZJVTV
WHYHSVZZLY]PJPVZKLVYPLU[HJP}UL_PZ[LU[LZLUSVZX\LZ\WVUKYmU\UHTLQVYHKLZ\M\UJPVUHTPLU[V\U
H\TLU[VKLZ\JHSPKHK`KLSVZWYVJLZVZHKLZHYYVSSHY-LYUmUKLa9L`
7VYZ\WHY[LLUZLN\UKVS\NHYJLU[YHUKVSHH[LUJP}ULUHX\LSSVZVYPLU[HKVZHMH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSV
KLSHJHYYLYHWYVMLZPVUHSKLSVZZ\QL[VZJVU]PLULHW\U[HYLUWYPTLYHPUZ[HUJPHSHPKLHYLMLYPKHHJVUJLIPY
SHJVUZ[Y\JJP}UKLSHWYVMLZP}UJVTVWHY[LKLSWYV`LJ[V]P[HS`WYVMLZPVUHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZ.PMYL4VUYLHS
,Z[LIHUWYVJLZVX\LOHKLZLYZPZ[LTH[PaHKV`WSHUPÄJHKVWVYSVX\L[VTHUKVJVTVYLMLYLU[L
LSTVKLSVLife Design Counselling:H]PJRHZL[HS SHWLYZVUHOHKLVYPLU[HY`JVUZ[Y\PYZ\JHYYL
YHLUIHZLHUHYYHJPVULZKL]PKHIHZHKHZtZ[HZLUZ\ZL_WLYPLUJPHZ7VY[HU[VLSLTWSLVKL[tJUPJHZ
IPVNYmÄJHZOPZ[VYPHZKL]PKHH\[VIPVNYHMxHZUHYYHJPVULZ`YLSH[VZIPVNYmÄJVZLU[YLV[YHZZLJVUZPKLYH
M\UKHTLU[HSWHYHVMYLJLY\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HTmZLUYPX\LJLKVYHKLSHPKLU[PKHKWYVMLZPVUHSKLSZ\QL[V`KLS
KLZHYYVSSVX\LKPJOHPKLU[PKHKOHL_WLYPTLU[HKVHSLZ[HYLULZ[YLJOHJVUL_P}UJVUSVZWYVJLZVZIPVNYmÄ
JVZ`SHZ[YHUZPJPVULZKL]PKH;YLQV 4VYH":VIYHKV *LPUVZ
5VVIZ[HU[LJVUJHYmJ[LYJVTWSLTLU[HYPVKLILUTLUJPVUHYZLV[YHZ[tJUPJHZ`WYVJLKPTPLU[VZKL
HJ[\HJP}UJLU[YHKVZLUMH]VYLJLYSHLSHIVYHJP}UKLWYV`LJ[VZ]P[HSLZ`WYVMLZPVUHSLZJVTVHJVU[LJLJVU
SVZYLNPZ[YVZHULJK}[PJVZLS[YHIHQVKLWYV`LJ[VZVSHLU[YL]PZ[HLUWYVM\UKPKHKLU[YLV[YHZ
CONCLUSIONES
,SLU[YHTHKVZVJPHSHJ[\HSPUZ[H\YHKVLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHZTS[PWSLZT\[HJPVULZ
HJVU[LJPKHZH[VKVZSVZUP]LSLZOHNLULYHKVLU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZ\UTLYJHKVSHIVYHSPUJPLY[VWYLJHYPVL
PUZLN\YVLULSX\LSHPUJLY[PK\TIYLX\LtZ[LWYVK\JLSHZKP]LYZHZ[YHUZPJPVULZX\LKLILUZLYHMYVU[HKHZ
SVZ U\L]VZ WLYÄSLZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ ` JHWHJPKHKLZ KLTHUKHKHZ HZx JVTV V[YHZ TS[PWSLZ ULJLZPKHKLZ
Q\Z[PÄJHUSHPTWVY[HUJPHKLSH6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLUKPJOVJVU[L_[VWHYHWVKLYYLZWVUKLYHSHZKLTHU
KHZL_PZ[LU[LZ7VY[HU[VKLJHYHHMH]VYLJLYSHJVUZLJ\JP}UKLKPJOVJVTL[PKVLU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZ
OHKLYLÅL_PVUHYZLZVIYLSHZWLYZWLJ[P]HZ[L}YPJHZ`TVKLSVZKLPU[LY]LUJP}UHZxJVTVHKVW[HYV[YVZKL
JHYmJ[LYTmZUV]LKVZVHS[PLTWVX\LKLILULTWSLHYZL[tJUPJHZ`YLJ\YZVZTmZPUUV]HKVYLZJVULSÄU
S[PTVKLMH]VYLJLYSHHKHW[HJP}UKLSHJP\KHKHUxHLUNLULYHS`KLJHKH\UVKLSVZZ\QL[VZLUWHY[PJ\SHYHS
LU[YHTHKVZVJPHS`SHIVYHSJHTIPHU[LWYVWPVKLSTVTLU[VHJ[\HS
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
*,+,-673HVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLU[PLTWVZKLPULZ[HIPSPKHK!H\UHUKVSVZILULÄJPVZLJVU}
TPJVZZVJPHSLZLPUKP]PK\HSLZNota informativa:HS}UPJHKPJPLTIYLKL9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!
^^^JLKLMVWL\YVWHL\ÄSLZ FLZWKM+60!
*LPUVZ*Diagnóstico de las competencias de los orientadores laborales en el uso de las Tecnolo-
gías de la Información y de la Comunicación.;LZPZ+VJ[VYHS<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHProyecto de Resolución del Consejo y de los Representantes de los
Estados miembros reunidos en el seno del Consejo, sobre el fortalecimiento de las políticas, sistemas y
prácticas en materia de orientación permanente en Europa*VUZLQVKLSH<UP}U,\YVWLHKLTH`V
KL,+<* :6*
+L 4HYJV : :VYHUKV + Juventud necesaria: consecuencias económicas y sociales de la
situación del colectivo joven4HKYPK!*VUZLQVKLSH1\]LU[\KKL,ZWH|H
,\YVZ[H[HUnemployment statistics9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!LJL\YVWHL\L\YVZ[H[Z[H[PZ[PJZL_WSHP
ULKPUKL_WOW<ULTWSV`TLU[FZ[H[PZ[PJZ
<ULTWSV`TLU[F[YLUKZ
,\YVZ[H[IEmployment rate by sex, age group 20-62.9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!LJL\YVWHL\L\YVZ[H[
[NT[HISLKV&[HI$[HISL PUP[$ SHUN\HNL$LU WJVKL$[F WS\NPU$
-LYUmUKLa9L`,.LZ[P}UKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`\ZVKLSHZ;0*LU6YPLU[HJP}U,U4-:mUJOLa.HY
JxH*VVYKOrientación para el desarrollo profesionalWW 4HKYPK!<UP]LYZPKHK5HJPVUHSKL
,K\JHJP}UH+PZ[HUJPH
.PMYL44VUYLHS7 ,Z[LIHU4;OLKL]LSVWTLU[VMPKLU[P[`V]LY[OLSPMLJ`JSL!(X\HSP[H[P]L
HUKJYVZZLJ[PVUHSZ[\K`B,SKLZHYYVSSVKLSHPKLU[PKHKHSVSHYNVKLSJPJSV]P[HS<ULZ[\KPVJ\HSP[H[P]V`
[YHUZ]LYZHSDEstudios de Psicología32+60!
.\PJOHYK 1 :VJPL[HS *VU[L_[Z 0ZZ\LZ 9LZLHYJO 8\LZ[PVUZ HUK 0U[LY]LU[PVUZ PU [OL KVTHPU VM
=VJH[PVUHS *V\UZLSSPUN ,U : 2YHH[a )1 ,Y[LS[ ,KZ Professionalization of Career Guidance
in Europe. Training, Guidance Research, Service Organization and MobilityWW;IPUNLU!
KN][=LYSHN
0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL ,Z[HKxZ[PJH Parados de larga duración (mayor o igual a 12 meses) según
grupos de edad.9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^PULLZZZ:H[LSSP[L&3$LZF,: J$05,:LJJPVUF* JPK$
W$ WHNLUHTL$7YVK\J[VZ@:LY]PJPVZ-7@:3H`V\[
4J4HOVU47H[[VU> =PSQHTHH/*VUZ[Y\J[P]PZ[JHYLLY[VVSZVU[OL0U[LYUL[,U44J4H
OVU >7H[[VU,KZCareer Counseling constructivist approachesWW4PS[VU7HYR!9V\[
SLKNL
7HU[VQH(La intervención psicopedagógica en la sociedad de la información: educar y orientar
con nuevas tecnologías4HKYPK!,6:
:H]PJRHZ43/LSWPUN7LVWSL*OVVZL1VIZ!(/PZ[VY`VM[OL.\PKHUJL7YVMLZZPVU,U1([OH
UHZV\ 9 =HU ,ZIYVLJR ,KZ International Handbook of Career Guidance WW )LYSxU!
:WYPUNLY
:H]PJRHZ 4 3 5V[H 3 9VZZPLY 1 +H\^HSKLY 1 7 +\HY[L 4 , .\PJOHYK 1 L[ HS 3PML
KLZPNUPUN!(WHYHKPNTMVYJHYLLYJVUZ[Y\J[PVUPU[OLZ[JLU[\Y`Journal of Vocational Behavior,75

:VIYHKV34 *LPUVZ*Tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Uso en orientación
profesional y en la formación.4HKYPK!)PISPV[LJH5\L]H
:VIYHKV34 *LPUVZ*4VKLSVZLTLYNLU[LZLU6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS,U4-:mUJOLa.HY
JxH*VVYKOrientación para el desarrollo profesionalWW4HKYPK!<UP]LYZPKHK5HJPVUHSKL
,K\JHJP}UH+PZ[HUJPH
:VIYHKV34*LPUVZ* .HYJxH9<[PSPaHJP}UKLSHZ;0*LU6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS!,_WLYPLU
JPHZPUUV]HKVYHZREMO, 9(23)9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!WLWZPJI]ZHS\KVYNWKMYLTV] UHWKM.
;YLQV57 4VYH(5HYYH[P]HZH\[VIPVNYmÄJHZKLWYVMLZVYLZKLSLUN\HPUNSLZH!<UHTPYHKHH
SHMVYTHJP}UKLZ\PKLU[PKHKWYVMLZPVUHSRevista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa19


2. FORMAR PARA FUTUROS
QUE NOS DESAFIAM A APRENDER
Patrícia Araújo
07(47VY[\N\LZL0UZ[P[\[LVM
4HYRL[PUN4HUHNLTLU[
We need challenges!:
,\YVWLHU<UP]LYZP[`3H\YLH[L
0U[LYUH[PVUHS<UP]LYZP[PLZ The case on
Four Project-Based
WH[[HYH\QV'NTHPSJVT
Susana Santos
07(47VY[\N\LZL0UZ[P[\[LVM
4HYRL[PUN4HUHNLTLU[
,\YVWLHU<UP]LYZP[`3H\YLH[L
Learning initiatives
0U[LYUH[PVUHS<UP]LYZP[PLZ
ZJZHU[VZ'\UP]LYZPKHKLL\YVWLPHW[ at Portuguese Higher
Eva Dias de Oliveira
*H[OVSPJ<UP]LYZP[`VM7VY[\NHS Education Institutions
¶)\ZPULZZ:JOVVS
LVSP]LPYH'WVY[V\JWW[
Abstract
7YVQLJ[)HZLK 3LHYUPUN 7)3 PZ H TL[OVKVSVN` ^P[O

YVV[ZPU[OL^VYRVMLK\JH[PVUHSWOPSVZVWOLY1VOU+L^L`
HUK P[ PZ UV^ TVYL [OHU L]LY LZZLU[PHS PU LK\JH
[PVUHS WYHJ[PJLZ /PNOLY ,K\JH[PVU /, ULLKZ [V YLÄUL
HUKYHNVNPJ WYHJ[PJLZ HUK JOHSSLUNLZ YLSH[LK [V [OL UL^
NLULYH[PVUVMZ[\KLU[Z4PSSLUUPHSZÔV]HS\LSLHYUPUNI`
KVPUN [LJOUVSVN` HUK H NSVIHS HUK LJSLJ[PJ HWWYVHJO
HUK7)3PZHZHUVW[PTHSZVS\[PVU(S[OV\NO[OPZPZ^PKLS`
ZWYLHKHTVUN/,[LHJOLYZ[OL`Z[PSSOH]LSPTP[H[PVUZÔLU
PTWSLTLU[PUN 7)3 HUK M\Y[OLY [YHPUPUN PZ ULLKLK PU VYKLY
[VPTWSLTLU[Z\JJLZZM\SWYHJ[PJLZ)PSNPU2HYHR\`\ (`
;OL HPT VM [OPZ 4\S[PWSL *HZL :[\K` PZ [V WYLZLU[
HUK HUHSàL MV\Y 7)3 WYHJ[PJLZ PU /, PU 7VY[\NHS! º0WHT
3LHKLYZOPW *OHSSLUNL» º6UL 7P[JO VUL *H\ZL º(YJHKPH
*OHSSLUNL» HUK º,:) +LSP]LYPUN ZJPLUJL PU[V [OL JVTT\
UP[`»;OLV\[SPULVM[OL)\JR0UZ[P[\[LMVY,K\JH[PVU)0,^PSS
IL\ZLKHZHMYHTL^VYRVMHUHS`ZPZÔPJOKLÄULZ7)3HZ
H[LHJOPUNTL[OVKPUÔPJOZ[\KLU[ZNHPURUV^SLKNLHUK
ZRPSSZI`^VYRPUNMVYHUL_[LUKLKWLYPVKVM[PTL[VPU]LZ[P
NH[LHUKYLZWVUK[VHUH\[OLU[PJLUNHNPUNHUKJVTWSL_
X\LZ[PVUWYVISLTVYJOHSSLUNL;OPZHWWYVHJO\ZLZ[OL
,ZZLU[PHS ,SLTLU[Z VM 7)34LYNLUKVSSLY 3HYTLY !
P2L`2UV^SLKNL<UKLYZ[HUKPUNHUK:\JJLZZ:RPSSZ!PP
*OHSSLUNPUN7YVISLTVY8\LZ[PVU"PPP:\Z[HPULK0UX\PY`"P]
(\[OLU[PJP[`"]:[\KLU[=VPJL *OVPJL"]P9LÅLJ[PVU"]PP
*YP[PX\L 9L]PZPVUHUK]PPP7\ISPJ7YVK\J[>LÄUPZO^P[O
H IYPLM KPZJ\ZZPVU HUK YLÅLJ[PVUZ VU [OL M\[\YL VM 7)3 H[
/,PUZ[P[\[PVUZ
Key-words: 7YVQLJ[)HZLK 3LHYUPUN /PNOLY ,K\JH
[PVU0UZ[P[\[PVUZ7VY[\NHS*HZLZ[\K`
0()YPLM0U[YVK\J[PVU[V7YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUN7)3
*VUM\JP\Z HUK (YPZ[V[SL ^LYL LHYS` WYVWVULU[Z VM

SLHYUPUN I` KVPUN )VZZ (UK P[Z SVUN RUVÛ HUK
WYV]LK I` LK\JH[PVUHS WZ`JOVSVNPZ[Z HUK V[OLY O\THU
ILOH]PV\Y YLZLHYJOLYZ [OH[ UL^ RUV^SLKNL HUK SLHYUPUN
HYLIL[[LYJVUZVSPKH[LKPMI\PS[VUWYL]PV\ZL_PZ[LU[RUV^S
LKNL HUK L_WLYPLUJL LZWLJPHSS` PU HUKYHNVNPJ ZL[[PUNZ
ÔPJOPZ[OLJHZLVMOPNOLYLK\JH[PVU
(S[OV\NO[OPZPKLHPZ^PKLS`ZWYLHKHUKJVTTVUHTVUN[LHJOLYZ[OL`Z[PSSMLLSZVTLSPTP[H[PVUZÔLU
PTWSLTLU[PUN7)3HWWYVHJOLZHUKYLJVNUPaL[OH[M\Y[OLY[YHPUPUNPZULLKLKPUVYKLY[VPTWSLTLU[Z\JJLZZ
M\S7)3WYHJ[PJLZ)PSNPUL[HS
;OL[LYTºWYVQLJ[SLHYUPUN»KH[LZIHJR[V>PSSPHT2PSWH[YPJRÔVÄYZ[\ZLK[OL[LYTPU 3HYTLY
;OL YVV[Z VM WYVQLJ[IHZLK SLHYUPUN L_[LUK IHJR V]LY H O\UKYLK `LHYZ [V [OL ^VYR VM LK\JH[VY
HUKWOPSVZVWOLY1VOU+L^L` ÔVZL3HIVYH[VY`:JOVVSH[[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM*OPJHNV^HZIHZLKVU
[OLWYVJLZZVMPUX\PY`+L^L`HYN\LK[OH[Z[\KLU[Z^PSSKL]LSVWWLYZVUHSPU]LZ[TLU[PU[OLTH[LYPHSPM[OL`
LUNHNLPUYLHSTLHUPUNM\S[HZRZHUKWYVISLTZ[OH[LT\SH[LÔH[L_WLY[ZKVPUYLHS^VYSKZP[\H[PVUZ2YHQJPR
)S\TLUMLSKW
;OLIPNIVVTOHWWLUZH[[OLLUKVM[OL» VM??JLU[\Y`ÔLULK\JH[VYZYLHSPaLK[OH[ZJOVVS^HZ
IVYPUNMVYZ[\KLU[Z[OH[LUNHNLTLU[^HZSV^HUK[OLSLHYUPUNZRPSSZYLTHPULKH[HZ\WLYÄJPHSSL]LS2YHQJPR
)S\TLUMLSK
(ZHTLYLL_LTWSPÄJH[P]LYLÅLJ[PVU;HISLL_OPIP[ZH.VVNSLZJOVSHY:LHYJOYLZ\S[Z4H`>L
\ZLK[OLRL`^VYKZºWYVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUN»;OLYLZ\S[ZZ\NNLZ[HUPUJYLHZPUNPU[LYLZ[VU[OL[VWPJ
Table 1. Google Scholar search Results, using key-word ‘Project-Based Leaning’
Years Number of Hits ‘project-based learning’

(SS`LHYZ

7YVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUNPZHMVYTVM¸ZP[\H[LKSLHYUPUNHUKP[PZIHZLKVU[OLJVUZ[Y\J[P]PZ[ÄUKPUN[OH[
Z[\KLU[ZNHPUHKLLWLY\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMTH[LYPHSÔLU[OL`HJ[P]LS`JVUZ[Y\J[[OLPY\UKLYZ[HUKI`^VYRPUN
^P[OHUK\ZPUNPKLHZ¹2YHQJPR )S\TLUMLSKW
;OVTHZHUK4LYNLUKVSSLY»ZX\HSP[H[P]LZ[\K`VM2¶[LHJOLYZPTWSLTLU[PUN7)3Z\NNLZ[LK
[OH[VULJOHSSLUNL[V7)3PTWSLTLU[H[PVUPU]VS]LZOV^[VÄUKHUKPUJVYWVYH[LJVTT\UP[`WHY[ULYZ;OLPY
Z[\K`YL]LHSLK[LHJOLYZ»ULLK[V[HRLZ\ѝJPLU[[PTL[V^VYR[OYV\NO[OLMLHZPIPSP[`HUK[OLKLZPYLKUH[\YL
VM[OLWHY[ULYZOPWILMVYL7)3SLZZVUZILNPU-\Y[OLYTVYL[OLPYZ[\K`KVJ\TLU[LK[LHJOLYZ»KPѝJ\S[`^P[O
IYPUNPUNV\[ZPKLL_WLY[ZPU[VJSHZZ[VJVPUJPKL^P[OÔLUZ[\KLU[ZULLKPUMVYTH[PVU;OVTHZ»YL]PL^VM
7)3YLZLHYJOMVY[OL)\JR0UZ[P[\[LKLZJYPILKLHYSPLY^VYRI`:HNL [OH[MV\UK[LHJOLYZJVU
MYVU[PUNKPѝJ\S[`PUKL]LSVWPUNWYVISLTZJLUHYPVZMVYH\[OLU[PJ^VYR
;OVTHZMYHTLK[OLJOHSSLUNLVM^VYRPUN^P[OJVTT\UP[`WHY[ULYZI`JHSSPUNMVYM\[\YLYLZLHYJO
VU7)3!
¸ =LY`SP[[SLPZRUVÛHIV\[[OLJOHSSLUNLZI`[LHJOLYZPUKL]LSVWPUNHUKLUHJ[PUN7)3VU[OLPYVÛ
,_PZ[PUNYLZLHYJOVUPTWSLTLU[H[PVUPZ\ZLM\SMVYPKLU[PM`PUN[OLRPUKZVM[YHPUPUNHUKZ\WWVY[[LHJO
LYZULLKÔLU\ZPUNWHJRHNLKVYW\ISPZOLKTH[LYPHSZ¯I\[[OLZLÄUKPUNZTHÙV[NLULYHSPaL[VVY
M\SS`JHW[\YL[OLJOHSSLUNLZVM[LHJOLYPUP[PH[LK7)3W
9LNHYKPUN7)3PU/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU-YHURHUK)HYaPSHPJP[LKI`3LL)SHJR^LSS+YHRL 4VYHU
PTWSLTLU[LK7)3PUHJV\YZLMVYZJPLUJLHUK[LJOUVSVN`WYLZLY]PJL[LHJOLYZ[OH[HPTLK[VWYLWHYL
[OLZL M\[\YL [LHJOLYZ [V [LHJO \ZPUN 7)3 I` KVPUN 7)3 ;OL` ÄUK ZL]LYHS ILULÄ[Z [V Z[\KLU[ SLHYUPUN
PUJS\KPUNZ\IZ[HU[PHSPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHY`RUV^SLKNLHJX\PZP[PVUHUKHUPUJYLHZLPUTV[P]H[PVUHUKYLZWVUZPIPS
P[`HUKUV[L[OLPTWVY[HUJLVMPUJVYWVYH[PUNMVYTH[P]LHZZLZZTLU[Z[OYV\NOV\[[OL7)3WYVJLZZ
7HWHZ[LYNPV\JP[LKI`3LLL[HSHSZVMV\UK[OH[7)3PUJYLHZLKWYLZLY]PJL[LHJO
LYZ»LUNHNLTLU[HUKTV[P]H[PVUPUHJV\YZLVULK\JH[PVUHS^LIZP[LKLZPNU
>PSOLST:OLYYVKHUK>HS[LYZJP[LKI`3LLL[HSMV\UK[OH[[OLTH[OLTH[PJZ\UKLY
Z[HUKPUNVMWYLZLY]PJL[LHJOLYZPTWYV]LKZPNUPÄJHU[S`HM[LY[OLÒHKJVTWSL[LKHZJPLUJLMVJ\ZLKWYVQLJ[
YLX\PYPUN[OLT[V\UKLYZ[HUKHUKHWWS`WHY[PJ\SHYTH[OLTH[PJHSJVUJLW[Z
;VKH`THU`Z\IWYVK\J[ZL_PZ[HYV\UK7)3MVYL_HTWSL!*HZLIHZLKSLHYUPUN*OHSSLUNLIHZLKSLHYU
PUN.HTLIHZLKSLHYUPUN7HZZPVUIHZLKSLHYUPUN7YVISLTIHZLKSLHYUPUN:LY]PJLIHZLKSLHYUPUN;LHT
IHZLK SLHYUPUN >VYRIHZLK SLHYUPUN HUK L]LU AVTIPLIHZLK SLHYUPUN HUK THU` TVYL Z\I ]HYPHU[Z VM
7)33HYTLY
:V[OLHPTVM[OPZHY[PJSLPZ[VWYLZLU[MV\YKPќLYLU[L_WLYPLUJLZVM7)3PU[^VKPќLYLU[/PNOLY,K\JH
[PVU0UZ[P[\[PVUZPU7VY[\NHSMYHTPUN[OLZLL_WLYPLUJLZPU[VH-YHTL^VYRVMHUHS`ZPZ
II. A framework of analysis: The 8 PBL Essential Elements from Buck Institute for Education
;OLMYHTL^VYR^L^PSS\ZL)\JR0UZ[P[\[LMVY,K\JH[PVU)0,HUKH\[OVYZVM[OL¸,ZZLU[PHS,SLTLU[Z
VM7)3¹4LYNLUKVSSLY 3HYTLY
7YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUNPZH[LHJOPUNTL[OVKPUÔPJOZ[\KLU[ZNHPURUV^SLKNLHUKZRPSSZI`^VYRPUN
MVYHUL_[LUKLKWLYPVKVM[PTL[VPU]LZ[PNH[LHUKYLZWVUK[VHUH\[OLU[PJLUNHNPUNHUKJVTWSL_X\LZ[PVU
WYVISLTVYJOHSSLUNL7YVQLJ[ZHYLMVJ\ZLKVUZ[\KLU[SLHYUPUNNVHSZHUK)0,KLÄULZ,ZZLU[PHS7YVQLJ[
+LZPNU,SLTLU[Z;HISL
Table 2. The 8 Essential Elements of PBL (Mergendoller & Larmer, 2015)
Principle Description
;OL WYVQLJ[ PZ MVJ\ZLK VU Z[\KLU[ SLHYUPUN NVHSZ PUJS\KPUN Z[HUKHYKZIHZLK
.H\.QRZOHGJH8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
JVU[LU[ HUK ZRPSSZ Z\JO HZ JYP[PJHS [OPURPUNWYVISLT ZVS]PUN JVTT\UPJH[PVU
and Success Skills
JVSSHIVYH[PVUHUKZLSMTHUHNLTLU[
;OL WYVQLJ[ PZ MYHTLK I` H TLHUPUNM\S WYVISLT [V ZVS]L VY H X\LZ[PVU
Challenging Problem/Question
[VHUZ^LYH[[OLHWWYVWYPH[LSL]LSVMJOHSSLUNL
:[\KLU[ZLUNHNLPUHYPNVYV\ZL_[LUKLKWYVJLZZVMHZRPUNX\LZ[PVUZÄUKPUN
Sustained Inquiry
YLZV\YJLZHUKHWWS`PUNPUMVYTH[PVU
;OL WYVQLJ[ MLH[\YLZ YLHS^VYSK JVU[L_[ [HZRZ HUK [VVSZ X\HSP[` Z[HUKHYKZ
Authenticity VYPTWHJ[¶VYZWLHRZ[VZ[\KLU[Z»WLYZVUHSJVUJLYUZPU[LYLZ[ZHUKPZZ\LZPU
[OLPYSP]LZ
:[\KLU[ZTHRLZVTLKLJPZPVUZHIV\[[OLWYVQLJ[PUJS\KPUNOV^[OL`^VYRHUK
Student Voice & Choice
ÔH[[OL`JYLH[L
:[\KLU[Z HUK [LHJOLYZ YLÅLJ[ VU SLHYUPUN [OL LќLJ[P]LULZZ VM [OLPY PUX\PY`
5HñHFWLRQ HUKWYVQLJ[HJ[P]P[PLZ[OLX\HSP[`VMZ[\KLU[^VYRVIZ[HJSLZHUKOV^[VV]LY
JVTL[OLT
Critique & Revision :[\KLU[ZNP]LYLJLP]LHUK\ZLMLLKIHJR[VPTWYV]L[OLPYWYVJLZZHUKWYVK\J[Z
:[\KLU[Z THRL [OLPY WYVQLJ[ ^VYR W\ISPJ I` L_WSHPUPUN KPZWSH`PUN HUKVY
Public Product
WYLZLU[PUNP[[VWLVWSLIL`VUK[OLJSHZZYVVT
III. Methods
(*HZLZ[\K`PZHULTWPYPJHSPUX\PY`[OH[PU]LZ[PNH[LZHJVU[LTWVYHY`WOLUVTLUVU^P[OPUP[ZYLHSSPML
JVU[L_[@PU0U[OPZWHWLY^LWYLZLU[H UVUL_WLYPTLU[HSKLZJYPW[P]LT\S[PWSLJHZLZ[\K`VMMV\Y
KPќLYLU[7YVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUNWYVQLJ[Z[OH[[VVRWSHJLPU7VY[\NHS
(T\S[PWSLJHZLZ[\K`HWWYVHJO^HZHKVW[LKÔLYLLHJOJHZLPZHWYVQLJ[PTWSLTLU[LKI`[OYLLKPќLY
LU[[LHJOLYZ;LHJOLYZ^LYLZLSLJ[LKPUVYKLY[VNL[HIYVHKLY]PL^VUOV^[LHJOLYZKLÄULHUK\ZL7)3
HUK[VHSSV^MVYÄUKPUNWHY[PJ\SHYP[PLZHUKJVTTVUMLH[\YLZIL[^LLU[OLT
3.1. Sample
-V\Y WYVQLJ[Z I` KPќLYLU[ [LHJOLYZ MYVT KPќLYLU[ /, 0UZ[P[\[PVUZ ^LYL \ZLK PU [OPZ JVU]LUPLU[
ZHTWSL
3.2. Procedure
(M[LYPTWSLTLU[PUN[OLWYVQLJ[Z[OL[OYLL[LHJOLYZNH[OLYLKHUKHUHSàLKLHJOWYVQLJ[JYP[PJHSS`HUK
^LYLHZRLK[VKLZJYPILPUKL[HPSLHJOWYVQLJ[HZ^LSSHZHY[PJ\SH[LK[OLT^P[O)\JR0UZ[P[\[L-YHTL^VYR
MVY7)3
)0,PZ[OLMV\UKLYVMO[[W!^^^7)3VUSPULVYN

3.3. Instruments
(NYPKHUHS`ZLZIHZLKVU)<*20UZ[P[\[L-YHTL^VYRVU7)3
3.4. Data Collection and Analysis
+VJ\TLU[*VSSLJ[PVU7SHUUPUNTH[LYPHSZHUK[LHJOLYZZLSMYLÅLJ[PVUZ^LYLJVSSLJ[LK;VHJOPL]LYPNVY
HUK [Y\Z[^VY[OPULZZ PU [OPZ T\S[PWSL JHZL Z[\K` ZVTL Z[YH[LNPLZ ^LYL \ZLK! PU]LZ[PNH[VY [YPHUN\SH[PVU
4LTILY *OLJRZ 7YVSVUNLK ,UNHNLTLU[ (Y[PJ\SH[PUN KH[H JVSSLJ[PVU KLJPZPVUZ HUK )YHJRL[PUN (YHQV

IV. Findings
4.1. The Ipam Leadership Challenge
¸0WHT3LHKLYZOPW*OHSSLUNL¹^HZH7)3PTWSLTLU[LKPU07(47VY[VHUK0WHT3PZIVUPU
HUK>LJHUMYHTL0WHT3LHKLYZOPW*OHSSLUNLHZ7)3PUNLULYHSHUKH;LHTIHZLKSLHYUPUN*OHS
SLUNLIHZLK3LHYUPUNHUK7HZZPVUIHZLKSLHYUPUNPUWHY[PJ\SHY-VJ\ZPUNVUSLHKLYZOPWZRPSSZHSSYV\UK[OL
THPUJVYLVM[OPZ7)3PZ[VLUNHNLZ[\KLU[Z[LHTPU[VVYNHUPaPUNMYVTZJYH[JOHZJPLU[PÄJVYPLU[LKL]LU[
VUSLHKLYZOPWPU]VS]PUN7VY[\N\LZLSLHKLYZHUKIYPUNPUN[OLNLULYHSW\ISPJ[V[OPZSLHYUPUNVWWVY[\UP[`
Figure 1.0WHT3LHKLYZOPW*OHSSLUNL3VNV[V[HSS`KL]LSVWLKI`07(4Z[\KLU[Z
Table 3. Ipam Leadership Challenge analysis using Buck Institute for Education Framework
3LHKLYZOPWZRPSSZHYLJLU[YHSPUHNYHK\H[L»ZSPML0UVYKLY[VWYVTV[LZLSMSLHKLYZOPWHUKZOHYLK
.H\.QRZOHGJH SLHKLYZOPWZ[\KLU[»Z[LHTZMVYTLKPU[OLÄYZ[JSHZZI`[OLPYJOVPJLKL]LSVWHWYVQLJ[ÔPJO
Understanding, JVUZPZ[Z VM VYNHUPaPUN H M\SS L]LU[ ^P[O RL` UV[L ZWLHRLYZ VU SLHKLYZOPW -\Y[OLYTVYL [OL`
and Success Skills JOVVZLÔPJO7VY[\N\LZL3LHKLYZ[OL`^HU[[VPU]P[LHUKHY[PJ\SH[LL]LY`KL[HPSVM[OLWYVQL[
^P[O[OLZWLHRLYHUK[OL[LHJOLY
:[\KLU[»Z[LHTZOH]LJOHSSLUNL!PU]P[PUNHUKVYNHUPaPUN[OLL]LU[VMHRLÙV[LZWLHRLY,HJO
Challenging NYV\WVMZ[\KLU[ZKLJPKLZJVU[HJ[ZULNV[PH[LZVYNHUPaLZHUKKVJ\TLU[ZPU[OLWYLZZUL^Z
Problem/Question YLSLHZLZWPJ[\YLZHUKISVNWVZ[PUNZ[OLÔVSLL_WLYPLUJL;OLTHPUNVHSPZ[VJVU[YPI\[L[V
SLHKLYZOPWSLHYUPUNMVY[OLTHUKMVY[OLÔVSLJVTT\UP[`VWLUL]LU[[VNLULYHSW\ISPJ
:[\KLU[»Z [LHTZ ZLHYJO HJ[P]LS` [OL JHYLLYZ HUK SLHKLYZOPW L_WLYPLUJL L_WLYPLUJL VM [OL
Sustained Inquiry WV[LU[PHSRLÙV[LZWLHRLY[VILPU]P[LK;OL`YLJLP]LHM\SSJOLJRSPZ[^P[OL_WSVYH[PVUZYLÅLJ[PVUZ
HUKVYPLU[H[PVUZVUOV^[VVYNHUPaL[OLL]LU[
3LHKLYZOPW PZ VUL VM [OL THPU [YHUZ]LYZHS ZRPSSZ MVY LTWSV`HIPSP[` UV^HKH`Z ZV [OL PKLH [V
Authenticity
HIZVY]LL_WLYPLUJLMYVTYLHSSLHKLYZPU7VY[\N\LZLTHYRL[M\UKHTLU[ZH\[OLU[PJP[`
Student Voice :[\KLU[»Z[LHTZTHRLHSTVZ[HSS[OLKLJPZPVUZPU[OPZJOHSSLUNLIHZLKWYVQLJ[
& Choice
([[OLLUKVM[OLJ\YYPJ\SHY\UP[HUK[OLL]LU[WLYZL:[\KLU[»Z[LHTZHUK[LHJOLYYLÅLJ[\WVU
5HñHFWLRQ
[OLPUP[PH[P]L(SZVZ[\KLU[Z^YP[LHYLÅL_P]LYLWVY[
+\YPUN HSS JSHZZLZ Z[\KLU[Z YLJLP]LK WLYZVUHSPaLK N\PKHUJL I` [LHJOLY HUK MLLKIHJR MVY
Critique & Revision
PTWYV]LTLU[
)SVN LU[PYLS` KL]LSVWLK I` Z[\KLU[Z PUJS\KPUN UL^Z WYVK\J[PVU VU LHJO ZLZZPVU HUK
WOV[VNYHWOPJYLJVYKZO[[W!PWHTSLHKLYZOPWJOHSSLUNLISVNZWV[W[)
Public Product
-PUHS L]LU[ VWLU [V NLULYHS W\ISPJ (U (Y[PJSL ^HZ HSZV W\ISPZOLK PU H /\THU YLZV\YJLZ
THNHaPUL(YHQV
;OL¸6UL7P[JO-VY6UL*H\ZL¹*OHSSLUNL
¸6UL7P[JOMVY6UL*H\ZL¹^HZH7)3PTWSLTLU[LKPU0WHT3PZIVUPU^P[OHWHY[PJ\SHYJOHY
HJ[LYPZ[PJVMH:LY]PJLIHZLKSLHYUPUNÔPJOJHUILKLZJYPILKHZH7)3[OH[JVTIPULZSLHYUPUNNVHSZHUK
JVTT\UP[`ZLY]PJLPU^H`Z[OH[JHULUOHUJLIV[OZ[\KLU[NYV^[OHUK[OLJVTTVUNVVK)HUKÙK
-\Y[OLYTVYLP[PZHH[LHJOPUNHUKSLHYUPUNZ[YH[LN`[OH[PU[LNYH[LZTLHUPUNM\SJVTT\UP[`ZLY]PJL^P[O
PUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKYLÅLJ[PVU[VLUYPJO[OLSLHYUPUNL_WLYPLUJL[LHJOJP]PJYLZWVUZPIPSP[`HUKZ[YLUN[OLUJVT
T\UP[PLZ5H[PVUHS:LY]PJL3LHYUPUN*SLHYPUNOV\ZLJP[LKI`)HUKÙK
0UNLULYHS[OPZ7)3HPTLK[VW\[[VNVVK\ZL[OLHJHKLTPJHZZPNUTLU[I`[OLZ[\KLU[Z(ZJPLU[PÄJ
VYNHUPaH[PVUHSZ[\K`VUUVUWYVÄ[VYNHUPaH[PVUZVќLYPUN[OH[YLWVY[[V[OLTHUKWYVTV[PUNJVUULJ[PVUZ
IL[^LLUUVUWYVÄ[VYNHUPaH[PVUZHUK[OLJVYWVYH[L^VYSKWYVTV[PUNZVJPHSYLZWVUZPIPSP[`PUPJPH[P]LZ
Figure 2.0WHT3LHKLYZOPW*OHSSLUNLKL]LSVWLKI`[LHJOLYHUKZ[\KLU[Z
Figure 3. :JOLTLKLZJYPIPUN[OLWYVQLJ[»ZÅV^HUKPU[LY]LUPLU[Z
;OL7YVQLJ[»ZVYPNPUHSUHTLPU7VY[\N\LZL^HZ!¸<T7P[JOWVY\THJH\ZH¹

Table 4. “One Pitch, One Cause” analysis using Buck Institute for Education Framework
Organizational behaviour curricular unit implies that students deepen their knowledge on
.H\.QRZOHGJH
organizations and research methods to characterize them. Furthermore, for several
Understanding,
specialists, partnerships between organizations and between universities and the corporate
and Success Skills
world, are considered the path for success.
:[\KLU[»Z[LHTZOH]LJOHSSLUNL!ÄUKPUNHU5VUWYVÄ[VYNHUPaH[PVUZMVYÔPJO[VKVHM\SS
Challenging characterization using organizational methods. On the other hand, students and teacher
Problem/ ÄUK JVYWVYH[L WYVÄ[VYPLU[LK VYNHUPaH[PVUZ H]HPSHISL [V OLHY HUK Z\WWVY[ UVUWYVÄ[
Question organizations in some way, increasing their social responsibility to the community (Service-
based learning).
:[\KLU[»Z[LHTZ^LYLVYPLU[LKI`[OL[LHJOLYPUZWLJPÄJTVTLU[ZPUJSHZZ:[\KLU[ZIYPUN
several challenges to the teacher regarding the functioning of organizations and several
Sustained organizational behaviour challenges (Organigram, mission and values, history, human
Inquiry resources practices, gender equality, well-being at work programs, etc.). They receive a full
JOLJRSPZ[ ^P[O L_WSVYH[PVUZ YLÅLJ[PVUZ HUK VYPLU[H[PVUZ VU OV^ [V VYNHUPaL [OL HWWYVHJO
organizations.
>VYRPUN PU YLHS VYNHUPaH[PVUZ WYVÄ[ HUK UVUWYVÄ[ HUK WYVTV[PVU WHY[ULYZOPWZ IL[^LLU
Authenticity
them is an authentic hands on project.
Student’s teams make almost all the decisions in this service-based project, with the teacher
Student Voice
ZJPLU[PÄJN\PKHUJLPUVYKLY[VUV[SVVZL[YHJRVMVYNHUPaH[PVUHSILOH]PV\YHWWYVHJOLZHUK
& Choice
ethics.
([[OLLUKVM[OLJ\YYPJ\SHY\UP[HUK[OLL]LU[WLYZL:[\KLU[»Z[LHTZHUK[LHJOLYYLÅLJ[
\WVU [OL PUP[PH[P]L (SZV Z[\KLU[Z ^YP[L H M\SS YLWVY[ ^P[O YLÅL_P]L JVTWVULU[ ;OLPY ^VYR
5HñHFWLRQ HM[LY YL]PZPVU PZ VɈLYLK [V [OL VYNHUPaH[PVUZ PU]VS]LK :VTL Z[\KLU[Z [VVR P[ M\Y[OLY HUK
L]LU THKL H ]PKLV WYVTV[PUN [OL UVUWYVÄ[ VYNHUPaH[PVU HUK H JVSSLJ[PVU VM TVUL` HUK
clothes)
During all classes students received personalized guidance by teacher and feedback for
Critique & Revision
improvement
-PUHS L]LU[ ^P[O LHJO ;LHT 7P[JO HIV\[ [OL UVUWYVÄ[ 6YNHUPaH[PVU ^HZ VWLU [V NLULYHS
Public Product W\ISPJ 5VUWYVÄ[ VYNHUPaH[PVUZ YLJLP]LK [OL HJHKLTPJ YLWVY[Z VU [OLT HUK JVYWVYH[L
organizations gained social responsibility visibility)
4.3. The Arcádia Challenge
¸(YJmKPH*OHSSLUNL¹^HZH7)3PTWSLTLU[LKPU07(47VY[VK\YPUN[OLHUK^P[OPU[OLZJVWL
VMº7YVK\J[4HUHNLTLU[»HUKº7YPJL4HUHNLTLU[»MVYTHSJ\YYPJ\SHY\UP[ZILSVUNPUN[V[OLIHJOLSVYKLNYLL
PU4HYRL[PUN4HUHNLTLU[
>L JHU MYHTL ¸(YJmKPH *OHSSLUNL¹ HZ 7)3 PU NLULYHS HUK H *OHSSLUNL)HZLK 3LHYUPUN HUK ;LHT
)HZLK3LHYUPUNPUWHY[PJ\SHY;OLTHPUHPTVM[OPZ*OHSSLUNLJVUZPZ[LKPUPU]VS]PUNZ[\KLU[Z»[LHTZPU[OL
YLZVS\[PVUVMMV\YYLHSWYVK\J[HUKWYPJLTHUHNLTLU[JOHSSLUNLZ
:PUJL (9*Í+0(OHZILLU[OLWYLTPLY7VY[\N\LZLHY[PZHUJOVJVSH[LZTHRLY<ZPUNVYPNPUHSYLJP
WLZ^P[OTVYL[OHU`LHYZHUKL_JS\ZP]LSÙH[\YHSWYVK\J[ZWYL]PV\ZS`ZLSLJ[LK(9*Í+0(OH]LJ\YYLU[S`
HZTHPUWYVK\J[ZHY[PZHUJOVJVSH[LZOHUKTHKLJHUKPLZHSTVUKZHUKZLSLJ[LKWHZ[Y`
;OL)YHUK»ZTHPUTPZZPVUPZ[VJVTIPUL[OL\UWHYHSSLSLKX\HSP[`VM[OL7VY[\N\LZL[YHKP[PVU^P[O[OL
PTWVZP[PVUZVMJVU[LTWVYHY`[PTLZPUJL[OLIYHUKZ[HUKZVU[OLTHYRL[PUHJVUJLW[VMS\_\Y`HUKZVWOPZ
tication.
7DEOH Arcadia-Challenge analysis using Buck Institute for Education Framework
Arcadia Challenge Project started with an initial invitation to Arcadia company by the
Facilitator (Teacher of the above-mentioned Curricular Units). In order to articulate company
needs with the main aims and competences of the Curricular Units, Facilitator present this
aims previously to the Company.
.H\.QRZOHGJH
At the beginning of the school year, “Arcadia Challenge” was presented to students team
Understanding,
I`-HJPSP[H[VYHUKI`(YJmKPH*,60U[OPZPUP[PHS)YPLÄUN[V[OLZ[\KLU[Z[OLVIQLJ[P]LZVM
and Success Skills
[OLJOHSSLUNL^LYLWYLJPZLS`KLÄULK;OLJOHSSLUNLJVUZPZ[PUÄUKHUZ^LYZ[VMV\YJVUJYL[L
problems of the company.
Small work groups were created under the guidance of the facilitator so that the students
were able to reach the proposed objectives.
These are the four problems presented by the company to the students:
(i) Private Label Stores versus Large Surfaces
0[»ZWVZZPISL[VOH]LZHTLWYVK\J[MVYKPɈLYLU[YLHSP[PLZ&:\NNLZ[Z[YH[LNPLZ[VIVVZ[ZHSLZVU
IV[OJOHUULSZ^P[O[OLSLHZ[WVZZPISLJVUÅPJ[
Challenging Prob- (ii) Licensing agreement with the three major Portuguese Football Clubs
lem/Question Sale in Arcadia Stores or Club Stores? Strategies to exponentially increase short-term sales.
(iii) How to innovate and broaden the range of Chocolate Candy?
Suggestions to create dynamism and rejuvenate the Brand
(iv) Extension of the range of pastries (biscuits and jams)
It’s possible promote interaction between the various product ranges by creating baskets?
0U[OLPUP[PHSZLZZPVUVM7YVQLJ[WYLZLU[H[PVUZ[\KLU[ZOHK[OLVWWVY[\UP[`HM[LY[OLIYPLÄUN[V
clarify with the CEO all doubts that have arisen in the meantime to carry out the work.
Sustained Inquiry Each group chose the problem they wanted to work on and during the semester both the
Facilitator and the Company were always available to answer all the questions that were
WVZLKI`[OLKPɈLYLU[^VYRPUNNYV\WZ
This project was originally based on a real context in which the problems presented were
Authenticity
PUMHJ[WYVISLTZMVYÔPJO[OLJVTWHUÒHK[VÄUKHYLZWVUZLPU[OLZOVY[TLKP\T[LYT
Student Voice After solving the problems students presented their suggestions to the proposed problem.
& Choice ;OLILZ[Z\NNLZ[PVUZ^LYLLɈLJ[P]LS`PTWSLTLU[LKI`[OLJVTWHU`
Throughout the process there were weekly tutorial sessions with the Facilitator where students
present their work developed results, as well as eventual obstacles to their development.
5HñHFWLRQ
;OLZL TVTLU[Z VM YLÅLJ[PVU HSSV^LK Z[\KLU[Z [V OH]L [PTLS` MLLKIHJR VM [OL HJ[P]P[PLZ
developed and to make possible corrections / adjustments to their work.
Students were always encouraged by the Facilitator to develop good interpersonal
communication and to promote autonomy in learning. The ability to assess your own
Critique & Revision
performance and the performance of the rest of the group was also fostered. During all
classes students received personalized guidance by teacher and feedback for improvement.
All the Projects had a public presentation counting with the presence of Facilitator, the
Company CEO and the Company Marketing Director.
There was also public disclosure of the Project in the University Weekly Newsletter, both in the
Public Product
Z[HY[\WWOHZLHUKPU[OLÄUHSW\ISPJWYLZLU[H[PVUVM[OLYLZ\S[Z
Some of the ideas presented by students were applied in practice such as packaging
JOHUNLZUL^JOVJVSH[LÅH]V\YZHUKL_[LUZPVUVM[OLYHUNLVMWHZ[YPLZ
4.4. The “Delivering Science into the Community’ Project
¸+LSP]LYPUNZJPLUJLPU[V[OLJVTT\UP[`¹7YVQLJ[PZHOWYVNYHTVU¸7LYZVUHS:RPSSZ+L]LSVWTLU[¹PU
[OL\UKLYNYHK\H[LKLNYLLVM4PJYVIPVSVN`HUK)PVLUNPULLYPUN0[OHZILLU[H\NO[ZPUJLHUKPU]VS]LZ
7VY[\N\LZL/PNOZJOVVSZ7LYZVUHSZRPSSZKL]LSVWTLU[[HRLWSHJLVUHWHY^P[OHWYVQLJ[[OH[MVSSV^Z
[OL N\PKLSPULZ VM 7YVQLJ[ )HZLK 3LHYUPUN >OPSL Z[\KLU[Z ULLK [V JOVVZL H YLHS ^VYSK X\LZ[PVU V\[ VM
WVZZPISL[OL`HYLHSZVL_WVZLK[V[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VMZL]LYHSWLYZVUHSZRPSSZKLLTLKJY\JPHSPU[VKH`»Z
SHIVYTHYRL[ZLN[LHT^VYRWSHUUPUNHUKJVTT\UPJH[PVU
;OLWYVQLJ[PZJHYYPLKV\[PUZLZZPVUZ[OYV\NOV\[[OLZLTLZ[LYHUKPU]VS]LZVULMHJPSP[H[VY:[\KLU[Z
HYLLUJV\YHNLK[VVYNHUPaLHUKWSHU[OLPYHJ[P]P[PLZH\[VUVTV\ZS`HZH[LHT;OL`JYLH[L[OLPYVÛPKLU[P[`
*VStNPV++PUPZ:[H*H[HYPUH"*VStNPV++\HY[L*VStNPVKL,YTLZPUKL"*VStNPV0U[LYUH[VKVZ*HY]HSOVZ"*VStNPVKL

:HU[H 4HYPH KL 3HTHZ" *VStNPV 3\ZV -YHUJvZ" ,ZJVSH :LJ\UKmYPH 1VqV .VUsHS]LZ AHYJV" *VStNPV ,SSLU 2L`" ,ZJVSH
ZLJ\UKmYPHJVT¢¢JPJSVZ*SHYHKL9LZLUKL",ZJVSH:LJ\UKmYPH+:HUJOV0=PSH5V]HKL-HTHSPJqVHUK*VStNPV
5VZZH:LUOVYHKL3V\YKLZ

UHTLSVNVTPZZPVUVIQLJ[P]LZ]HS\LZHUKY\SLZ-PN\YLPSS\Z[YH[LZHZHTWSLVMSVNVZKLZPNULKI`Z[\
KLU[Z;OL`HYLHSZVLUJV\YHNL[V\ZLHSS[OLMHJPSP[PLZH]HPSHISLPU[OL:JOVVSUHTLS`SPIYHYPLZKH[HIHZLZ
HZ^LSSHZWYVMLZZVYZHUKSHIHZZPZ[HU[Z;OL`^LYLHSZVWLYZ\HKLK[VWYV]PKLHUKSPZ[LU[VJVSSLHN\LZ»
MLLKIHJR+L]PZLÔH[RUV^SLKNLULLKZ[VILKP]\SNLKZ[\KLU[ZOH]L[VKLJPKLHIV\[[OL^H`[VWYLZLU[
[OLPYÄUKPUNZHUKVYNHUPaL[OL^VYRZOVW[OH[MVSSV^Z[OLÄUHSHUKW\ISPJWYLZLU[H[PVU
( ZPT\SH[PVU [HRLZ WSHJL ILMVYL [OL ÄUHS WYLZLU[H[PVUZ ZV [OH[ WYVQLJ[ [LHTZ HYL HISL [V SPZ[LU [V
JVUZ[Y\J[P]LJYP[PX\LZHUKZ\NNLZ[PVUZMYVTHJHKLTPJZ[Hќ;OLÄUHSWYLZLU[H[PVU[HRLZWSHJLPUHZJOVVS
JOVZLI`[OL[LHTZHUKP[ZLY]LZ[OLW\YWVZLMVYKPZZLTPUH[PUNRUV^SLKNLHTVUNWYPTHY`HUKZLJVUK
HY`LK\JH[PVUZ[\KLU[Z
Figure 4. (:HTWSLVM;LHT3VNVZJYLH[LKI`Z[\KLU[»Z[LHTZMVY[OLPYWYVQLJ[Z
¸+LSP]LYPUNZJPLUJLPU[V[OLJVTT\UP[`¹7YVQLJ[LTILKZ[OL,ZZLU[PHS7YVQLJ[+LZPNU,SLTLU[ZVM
7)3HZKLZJYPILKPU[HISL
Table 6. “Delivering Science into the Community’

Project analysis using Buck Institute for Education Framework
.H\.QRZOHGJH +LSP]LYPUN:JPLUJLPU[V[OLJVTT\UP[`PZJLU[YHS[VM\[\YLZZJPLUJLYLZLHYJOLYZHUKWYVMLZZPVU
Understanding, HSZPU[OLIPV[LJOUVSVN`ÄLSKZ([,ZJVSH:\WLYPVYKL)PV[LJUVSVNPHVM[OL*H[OVSPJ<UP]LYZP[`VM
and Success Skills 7VY[\NHS[OLNVHSVM7)3PZ[^VMVSK![VHJX\PYLRUV^SLKNLHUKZOHYLP[^P[O[OLJVTT\UP[`
SH`WLVWSLHUK[VKL]LSVW[YHUZMLYHISLZRPSSZLN[LHT^VYRJVTT\UPJH[PVUWSHUUPUNHUK
time management).
Challenging Prob- :[\KLU[ZTH`JOVVZL[OLPYWYVQLJ[MYVTHUHYYH`VMTLHUPUNM\S[VWPJZ;OLÙLLK[VPKLU[PM`
lem/Question HZWLJPÄJX\LZ[PVUÄUKHUZ^LYZHUKJOVZLOV^[VJVTT\UPJH[LP[[VHSHYNLYH\KPLUJL
Sustained Inquiry :[\KLU[ZLUNHNLPUYLZLHYJO\ZPUNH]HPSHISLTL[OVKZHUKYLZV\YJLZLNYLZLHYJOTL[OVKZ"
L_WLY[Z"SPIYHY`KH[HIHZLZHUKI\ZPULZZJVTWHUPLZ;OL`HYLHSZVYLX\PYLK[VWHY[PJPWH[LPU
[YHPUPUNZRPSSZZLZZPVUZ^P[O[OLMHJPSP[H[VY
Authenticity ;OL[VWPJZZ[\KLU[»ZYLZLHYJOWLY[HPU[VYLHSSPMLJVU[L_[7YVQLJ[OH]LHYLHSPTWHJ[VUV[OLYZPU
[OLPYJVTT\UP[`LN[VYHPZLH^HYLULZZVMWYPTHY`HUKZLJVUKHY`LK\JH[PVUZ[\KLU[ZYLNHYK
PUN]VJH[PVUHSJOVPJLZ
Student Voice & :[\KLU[ZOH]LJVU[YVSVM[OLWYVJLZZ[OL`KLJPKLÔH[[VYLZLHYJOOV^[VYLZLHYJOÔVT[V
Choice WYLZLU[HUKOV^[VWYLZLU[[OLRUV^SLKNL
5HñHFWLRQ :[\KLU[ZHYLLUJV\YHNLK[VYLÅLJ[\WVU[OLÔVSLSLHYUPUNL_WLYPLUJLH[KPќLYLU[Z[HNLZVM
[OLWYVJLZZ;OL`HYLHSZVLUJV\YHNLK[VYLÅLJ[VU[OL^VYRPUNWYVJLZZHZH[LHT;OL`HSZV
OHZ[VYLÅLJ[VU[OLKPќLYLU[^H`Z[VWYLZLU[[OLRUV^SLKNL[OLÒH]LHJX\PYLK[V[OLPYH\KP
LUJLHUKÄUHSS`HIYVHKLYYLÅLJ[PVUPZPUJS\KLKPU[OLWYVQLJ[YLWVY[
Critique & Revision :[\KLU[ZOHZ[VJYP[PJHSS`HZZLZZ[OLZV\YJLZVMPUMVYTH[PVU\ZLK"[OLÒH]L[VMVSSV^TL[OVKV
SVNPJHSWYV[VJVSHUKZPT\SH[LKWYLZLU[H[PVUPUVYKLY[VYLJLP]LJVUZ[Y\J[P]LMLLKIHJRÔPJO
HSSV^Z[OLT[VYL]PZL[OLÄUHSWYLZLU[H[PVU
Public Product :[\KLU[ZKLSP]LYHWYLZLU[H[PVUMVSSV^LKI`H>VYRZOVWÔPJOPUJS\KLZKPќLYLU[HJ[P]P[PLZHJ
JVYKPUN[VLHJOWYVQLJ[LNNHTLJVU[LZ[¸>OV>HU[Z[V)LH4PSSPVUHPYL¹"¸7SHUUPUNH[HZ[PUN
ZLZZPVUVMPUZLJ[YLJPWLZMVYHTVYLZ\Z[HPUHISL^VYSK¹
4
:VTLVM[OL[VWPJZH]HPSHISLMVYZ[\KLU[Z[VJOVVZLMYVT^LYL!>H[LY-VV[WYPU[¸OPKKLU¹^H[LY[OH[^L\ZLVUHKHPS`
IHZPZ"5L^NV\YTL[MVVKZ!PUZLJ[Z"-VVK![VKLHS^P[O[OLJYPZPZ^P[OV\[ULNSLJ[PUN[OLX\HSP[`"8\PJRKPL[Z!ÔH[
`V\NL[HUKÔH[`V\SVZL")LHYLZWVUZPISLJVUZ\TLY!*HUJSV[OLZ[V`ZTH[[YLZZLZILKHTHNPUN[V`V\YOLHS[O
HUK[OH[VM`V\YJOPSKYLU&"*OLTPJHSZPUKH`[VKH`WYVK\J[ZSPURLK[VUL\YVSVNPJHSKPZVYKLYZPUJOPSKYLU"(U[PIPV[PJ
YLZPZ[HUJL! H JSPUPJHS HUK W\ISPJ OLHS[O WYVISLT" ,TLYNPUN WVSS\[HU[Z! H WYVISLT MVY HSS VM \Z" )PVLUNPULLYPUN!
ZVS\[PVUZMVYHOLHS[OPLYHUKZ\Z[HPUHISLLU]PYVUTLU[/`KYV_`HWH[P[LMVYIPVTLKPJHSHWWSPJH[PVUZHTVUNV[OLYZ
V. Conclusions and Final considerations
6]LYHSS[OLMV\YWYVQLJ[ZWYLZLU[LKPU[OPZHUHS`ZPZ^LYL7YVQLJ[IHZLK3LHYUPUNPUP[PH[P]LZPTWSLTLU[LK
^P[OZ\JJLZZHUKHM[LY[OLHY[PJ\SH[PVU^P[O[OL)0,MYHTL^VYR[OL[OYLL[LHJOLYZHUKYLZLHYJOLYZ^LYL
HISL[VM\Y[OLYYLÅLJ[PUPU[LNYH[L[OLPYVÛKPKHJ[PJL_WLYPLUJL5L]LY[OLSLZZILPUNHNVVK/,[LHJOLYPZ
HSZV[VHISL[VZLSMJYP[PJPaLHUK[VSVVRMVYM\[\YLPTWYV]LTLU[Z
;OLTHPUZLSMJYP[PX\LPZ[OH[HZ7)3MHJPSP[H[VYZ^LZOV\SKOH]L\ZLKH7)3MYHTL^VYRMYVT[OLZ[HY[
[VOLSWUH]PNH[L[LHJOLYHUKZ[\KLU[Z[OYV\NOV\[[OLWYVQLJ[;OPZM\[\YLVYPLU[LKHUKMYHTLKN\PKLSPULZ
^V\SKOH]LOLSWLKZ[\KLU[Z[LHJOLYZHUK[OL\UP]LYZP[`P[ZLSM[V\UKLYZ[HUKPUJVYWVYH[LHUKHKVW[7)3
TVYLLHZPS`
0TWSLTLU[PUNHWYVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUNPUHMVYTHSJ\YYPJ\SHY\UP[PUOPNOLYLK\JH[PVUPZPU7VY[\NHSH
IPNJOHSSLUNL7VY[\N\LZL/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU0UZ[P[\[PVUZOH]LI\KNL[SPTP[H[PVUZHUK[LHJOLYZJHYLLYZHYL
PUZL]LYHS^H`Z]LY`MHYILOPUKV[OLY,\YVWLHUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O¸VUJHSS¹HUKWHPKI`[OLOV\Y[LHJOLY
ILJVTPUNPUJYLHZPUNS`JVTTVU:VMYLX\LU[S`[LHJOLYÔVLUNHNLKPU7)3HYLVM[LUWHZZPVUH[LI`[OL
Z\IQLJ[HUKKVP[PU[OLPYVÛOV\YZ-VYL_HTWSL)YHKSL`3L]PUL)LYNOVќ:LÌVSK:L]LY)SHJR^LSS
:TPSL`Z[\K`YLJVNUPaLK[OH[7)3YLX\PYLKTVYLVM[OLTHUK[OLPYJVSSLHN\LZ!
7)3 [LHJOPUN [HRLZ more [PTL [V WSHU more J\YYPJ\S\T HUK [LJOUVSVN` YLZV\YJLZ more KH`
[VKH`WYVISLTZVS]PUNHIV\[OV^[VZJHќVSKZ[\KLU[NYV^[OHUKZ\JJLZZPU[OLPYWYVQLJ[^VYR
more LќVY[ [V H\[OLU[PJHSS` HZZLZZ Z[\KLU[ SLHYUPUN more JVTT\UPJH[PVU ^P[O WLYZVUZ PU [OL
JVTT\UP[`more Z\WWVY[MYVT[OLHKTPUPZ[YH[PVUPU[LYTZVMZ\P[HISLZJOLK\SPUNHUKJ\YYPJ\S\T
HSPNUTLU[HUKmore VWWVY[\UP[PLZ[VJVSSHIVYH[L^P[O[OLPY[LHJOPUNJVSSLHN\LZ)YHKSL`3L]PULL[
HSWW
:[\KLU[ZHYLUV[\ZLK[V^VYR^P[O7)3HUKPU[OLILNPUUPUN[OL`ZOV^HKLNYLLVMYLZPZ[HUJL/V^
L]LYHZ[OL`NL[PU]VS]LKPU[OLWYVQLJ[[OLPYH[[P[\KLJOHUNL)`[OLLUKVM[OLWYVQLJ[Z[\KLU[Z[HSRLK
HIV\[P[LU[O\ZPHZ[PJHSS`¸P[^HZHUPTWVY[HU[JOHSSLUNLMVY\Z^LJV\SKSLHYUTVYLHIV\[HZJPLU[PÄJ
[OLTLI\[HSZV^LPTWYV]LJVTT\UPJH[PVUZRPSSZHUK^LMLS[TVYLYLZWVUZPISLWYLZLU[PUNV\Y^VYRV\[ZPKL
\UP]LYZP[`¹0^HZ]LY`HU_PV\ZH[[OLILNPUUPUN0[OV\NO[0^V\SKUL]LYWYLZLU[MVYHI\UJOVM\UMHTPSPHY
MHJLZ0^HZ\ZLK[VKLSP]LYWYLZLU[H[PVUZ[VT`MLSSV^JVSSLHN\LZHUKWYVMLZZVYZ"[OPZ^HZHUPUJYLKPISL
L_WLYPLUJL¹¸0[PZX\P[LPU[LYLZ[PUN[V[HSRHIV\[V\YL_WLYPLUJLH[[OL\UP]LYZP[`[VNP]LHK]PJL[V[OL
`V\UNLZ[¹¸0MLS[HZ[YVUNZ\WWVY[MYVT[OLNYV\W0UL]LY^VYRLK^P[O[OLTILMVYLUL]LY[OLSLZZ[OL`
OLSWLKTL[VV]LYJVTLT`KPѝJ\S[PLZ;VKH`0MLS[[OH[0^HZTVYLJVUÄKLU[0RUV^TVYLHIV\[[OL[VWPJ
[OH[0^V\SKUV[RUV^PM0OHKU»[LUYVSSLKPU[OPZJV\YZL¹
0UNLULYHS[OLL_WLYPLUJL[VNVV\[ZPKL[OL^HSSZWYV]PKLZHZLUZLVMWVZP[P]LHU_PL[`[OH[OLSWZ[\KLU[Z
[VV]LYJVTL[OLPYKPѝJ\S[PLZ;OLYLMVYL7)3JYLH[LZ[OLVWWVY[\UP[PLZ[VPUJYLHZL[OLSL]LSVMZ[\KLU[ZZLSM
LѝJHJ`+\USHW
6U[OLV[OLYOHUKVULVM[OLIPNNLZ[KPѝJ\S[`PUPTWSLTLU[PUNH7)37YVQLJ[PU/,PZPU[OLPUP[PHS
WOHZL[OLZLSLJ[PVUVM[OLVYNHUPaH[PVUZ[OH[^PSSJVSSHIVYH[L^P[O\ZHUKNL[[OLT[VWLYJLP]L[OLWHY[PJPWH
[PVUHK]HU[HNLZPU[OPZRPUKVMWYVQLJ[Z
(NVVK[LHJOLYPZHMVYL]LYZ[\KLU[;VPTWYV]LHZLK\JH[VYZ^LT\Z[ILPUJVUZ[HU[SLHYUPUNHUKIL
VWLU[VWVPU[V\[[OLSPTP[H[PVUZPUV\Y[LHJOPUNWYHJ[PJLZ3PTP[H[PVUZVM[OPZWHWLYPUJS\KLZ!PJVU]LUPLU[
ZHTWSLVMWYVQLJ[ZHUK[LHJOLYZHUKPPPU[OPZ^VYR^LKPKUV[JVSSLJ[PUHZ[Y\J[\YLKMVYT[OLMLLKIHJR
MVYZ[\KLU[ZHUKZV^LJV\SKUV[HUHSàLKP[\ZPUNMVYL_HTWSLJVU[LU[HUHS`ZLZ
(S SHZ[ P[ PZ PTWVY[HU[ [V YLÅLJ[ \WVU 7)3 [YHPUPUN MVY /, [LHJOLYZ 4HU` /, [LHJOLYZ KV UV[ OH]L
WLKHNVNPJVYHUKYHNVNPJ[YHPUPUNÔPJOPUTHU`JV\U[YPLZPZTHUKH[VY`[VILJVTLH\UP]LYZP[`VYJVSSLNL
[LHJOLY0U7VY[\NHSPUWHY[PJ\SHYPM`V\OH]LH7O+HUKPUZVTLJHZLZHTHZ[LYZKLNYLL`V\HYLH\[V
TH[PJHSS`HISL[VILJVTLH[LHJOLY7YVMLZZVY-\Y[OLYTVYLTHU`/,[LHJOLYZHYL\ZPUN7)3TL[OVKVSVN`
HUKKVU»[L]LURUV^[OLTL[OVKVSVNÙHTLVYWYPUJPWSLZ0UH^VYSKÔLYL/PNOLY,K\JH[PVUPZHK]PZLK
[VILJVTLTVYLKPNP[HSTVYLMVJ\ZLKHUKZ[\KLU[JLU[LYLK[OPZTHÌL[OLTVZ[PTWVY[HU[[YHPUPUNH/,
[LHJOLYZOV\SKOH]L
)L`VUK[YHPUPUN7)3[LHJOLYZZOV\SKKL]LSVWHZWLJPÄJWYVÄSL-VYL_HTWSL[OLº46+,37YVÄSL»
KL]LSVWLKI`(YHQVHUK-LYUHUKLZHYN\LK[OH[[YHUZMLYHISLZRPSSZJ\YYPJ\SHY\UP[Z[LHJOLYZZOV\SK
OH]L H KLNYLL PU ZVJPHS ZJPLUJLZ H ZLUZL VM SLHKLYZOPW H JVUZJPV\Z HWWYVHJO \ZPUN )HUK\YH»Z :VJPHS
3LHYUPUNHUK4VKLSSPUN[OLVY`HYVI\Z[JVYLVMHUKYHNVN`ZRPSSZHUKTHÌL[OLTVZ[PTWVY[HU[HMVJ\Z
HUK\UJVUKP[PVUHS]VJH[PVU[V^HYKZO\THUKL]LSVWTLU[
>L OVWL [OH[ ZOHYPUN ^P[O [OL ZJPLU[PÄJ JVTT\UP[` V\Y VÛ 7)3 L_WLYPLUJLZ TPNO[ JVU[YPI\[L [V
PTWYV]PUN L]LY`VUL»Z WYHJ[PJL HUK [OH[ PU [OL M\[\YL [OL TLHUPUN /PNOLY ,K\JH[PVU ^V\SK ^HSR HUK PU
OHUK^P[O7)3WYVQLJ[Z
VI. References
(YHQV7 Multiplasticity: A Grounded Theory on the Adaptation to Anemployment. +VJ[VYHS;OLZPZ

-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHLKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqVKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V7VY[V
(YHQV76¸*OHSSLUNL)HZLK3LHYUPUN¹UH7YVTVsqVKHZ*VTWL[vUJPHZKL3PKLYHUsH Revista
Rh Online. 9L[YPL]LK MYVT O[[W!^^^YOVUSPULW[HY[PNVZLZJVSHZFLF\UP]LYZPKHKLZV
JOHSSLUNLIHZLKSLHYUPUNUHWYVTVJHVKHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKLSPKLYHUJH
(YHQV7 -LYUHUKLZ9;OL46+,37YVÄSL!7YVWVZPUNH;LHJOLY»Z7YVÄSLMVYJ\YYPJ\SHYKPZJP
WSPULZWYVTV[PUN;YHUZMLYHISL:RPSSZPU/PNOLYLK\JH[PVU0U:=PLPYH 14*HZ[YV,KZ Ser Jovem,
:LY[YHIHSOHKVY!0UJLY[LaHZ+LZHÄVZL9LZWVZ[HZ(PTWVY[oUJPHKH,K\JHsqVKH-VYTHsqVLKV
Emprego dos Jovens na Construção dos Projetos Pessoais e no Desenvolvimento Social e Humano
WW6WVY[V!0UZ[P[\[VKL,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
)HUK`1UK>OH[PZ:LY]PJL3LHYUPUNVY*VTT\UP[`,UNHNLTLU[&9L[YPL]LKMYVT O[[WZ!JM[]HUKLY
IPS[LK\N\PKLZZ\IWHNLZ[LHJOPUN[OYV\NOJVTT\UP[`LUNHNLTLU[
)PSNPU02HYHR\`\@ (`@;OLLќLJ[ZVMWYVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUNVU\UKLYNYHK\H[LZ[\KLU[Z»
HJOPL]LTLU[HUKZLSMLѝJHJÌLSPLMZ[V^HYKZZJPLUJL[LHJOPUN Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Sci-
ence and Technology Education, 11 KVP! L\YHZPHH
)VZZ:7YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUN!(:OVY[/PZ[VY` Edutopia9L[YPL]LKMYVT O[[WZ!^^^LK\[VWPH
VYNWYVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUNOPZ[VY`
)YHKSL`3L]PUL1)LYNOVќ):LÌVSK1:L]LY9)SHJR^LSS: :TPSL`( What Teach-
LYZ(UK(KTPUPZ[YH[VYZ¸5LLK;V2UV^¹(IV\[7YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUN0TWSLTLU[H[PVU. Paper pre
ZLU[LKH[[OL(UU\HS4LL[PUNVM[OL(TLYPJHU,K\JH[PVUHS9LZLHYJO(ZZVJPH[PVU+LU]LY O[[W!^^^
KYOH[ÄLSKJVTZJPLUJLFY\SLZHY[PJSLZ>/(;;,(*/,9:(5+(+4050:;9(;69:
5,,+;6256>()6<;WKM
+\USHW17YVISLTIHZLKSLHYUPUNHUKZLSMLѝJHJ`!/V^HJHWZ[VULJV\YZLWYLWHYLZZ[\KLU[ZMVY
HWYVMLZZPVU Educational Technology Research and Development, 53
2YHQJPR1 )S\TLUMLSK77YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUN0U92:H^`LY,K The Cambridge Hand-
book of the Learning Sciences WW*HTIYPKNL*HTIYPKNL<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZ
3HYTLY17YVQLJ[)HZLK3LHYUPUN]Z7YVISLT)HZLK3LHYUPUN]Z?)3 Edutopia, 1\UL
9L[YPL]LKMYVT O[[WZ!^^^LK\[VWPHVYNISVNWIS]ZWIS]Z_ISQVOUSHYTLY
3LL1)SHJR^LSS:+YHRL1 4VYHU2;HRPUNHSLHWVMMHP[O!9LKLÄUPUN[LHJOPUNHUKSLHYUPUN
PUOPNOLYLK\JH[PVU[OYV\NOWYVQLJ[IHZLKSLHYUPUN Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learn-
ing, 8
4LYNLUKVSSLY1 3HYTLY1>O`>L*OHUNLK6\Y4VKLSVM[OL¸,ZZLU[PHS,SLTLU[ZVM7)3¹
Edutopia 9L[YPL]LK MYVT O[[WZ!^^ÎPLVYNISVNÔ`F^LFJOHUNLKFV\YFTVKLSFVMF[OLFFLZZLU
[PHSFLSLTLU[ZFVMFWIS
Iris Estévez
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H,ZWH|H Nuevas Oportunidades
Verónica Iglesias
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H,ZWH|H
Francisco Santos
de Desarrollo
Bibiana Regueiro
Profesional: Análisis
de las Ecologias
de Aprendizaje
Resumen
3VZJVUZ[HU[LZJHTIPVZX\LZLWYVK\JLULUU\LZ[YH
ZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSYLX\PLYLUKL\UWYVMLZVYHKVHJ[\HSPaHKV
JHWHa KL KHY YLZW\LZ[H H SHZ U\L]HZ ULJLZPKHKLZ LK\
JH[P]HZ"OLJOVX\LZ\WVUL\UKLZHMxVLUZ\MVYTHJP}U`
KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSJVU[PU\V,ULSTHYJVKLLZ[HULJL
ZPKHKKLHJ[\HSPaHJP}UWLYTHULU[LZ\YNLLSJVUJLW[VKL
,JVSVNxHZ KLS (WYLUKPaHQL ,Z[L JVUZ[Y\J[V LTLYNLU[L
WVZ[\SHX\LSHZWLYZVUHZHWYLUKLULUTS[PWSLZJVU[L_[VZ
`H[YH]tZKLTLJHUPZTVZKLKP]LYZHUH[\YHSLaHMVYTH
SLZUVMVYTHSLZLPUMVYTHSLZ+LZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLSHZ
,JVSVNxHZKL(WYLUKPaHQLKLZ[HJHUSHZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZ
KLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}UJVTVYLJ\YZVZWHY
[PJ\SHYTLU[LWV[LU[LZWHYHSHMVYTHJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKV
7VY[VKVLZ[VLSVIQL[P]VKLSWYLZLU[LLZ[\KPVLZHUHSPaHY
SHZ ,JVSVNxHZ KL (WYLUKPaHQL KLS WYVMLZVYHKV KL ,K\JH
JP}U 7YPTHYPH JVU SH WYL[LUZP}U KL LU[LUKLY SH YLHSPKHK
X\LYVKLHHSWYVJLZVKLHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKH
KL SVZ KVJLU[LZ +L LZ[L TVKV WVKYLTVZ TLQVYHYSV
]HSVYHYSV`KPZL|HY\UHWYVW\LZ[HMVYTH[P]HHQ\Z[HKHHZ\Z
ULJLZPKHKLZ,Z[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULZKLJVY[LJ\HU[P[H[P]V`
SVZKH[VZKLSVZKVJLU[LZX\LJVTWVULUSHT\LZ[YH
M\LYVUYLJVNPKVZH[YH]tZKLH\[VPUMVYTL
Palabras clave:,JVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLZHYYVSSV
WYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH
Abstract
;OL JVUZ[HU[ JOHUNLZ [OH[ [HRL WSHJL PU V\Y J\YYLU[

ZVJPL[`YLX\PYLHU\WKH[LKMHJ\S[`JHWHISLVMYLZWVUKPUN
[VUL^LK\JH[PVUHSULLKZ"MHJ[[OH[Z\WWVZLZHJOHSSLUNL
PUOPZMVYTH[PVUHUKJVU[PU\V\ZWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[
>P[OPU [OL MYHTL^VYR VM [OPZ ULLK MVY WLYTHULU[ \WKH
[PUN[OLJVUJLW[VM,JVSVNPLZVM3LHYUPUNLTLYNLZ;OPZ
LTLYNLU[JVUZ[Y\J[WVZ[\SH[LZ[OH[WLVWSLSLHYUPUT\S[P
WSL JVU[L_[Z HUK [OYV\NO TLJOHUPZTZ VM KP]LYZL UH[\YL
MVYTHSUVUMVYTHSHUKPUMVYTHS-YVT[OLWLYZWLJ[P]LVM
3LHYUPUN,JVSVNPLZUL^PUMVYTH[PVUHUKJVTT\UPJH[PVU
[LJOUVSVNPLZZ[HUKV\[HZWHY[PJ\SHYS`WV^LYM\SYLZV\YJLZ
MVY[LHJOLY[YHPUPUN-VYHSS[OPZ[OLVIQLJ[P]LVM[OPZZ[\K`
PZ[VHUHSàL[OL3LHYUPUN,JVSVNPLZVMWYPTHY`LK\JH[PVU
[LHJOLYZ^P[O[OLHPTVM\UKLYZ[HUKPUN[OLYLHSP[`[OH[Z\YYV\UKZ[OLSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZ[OYV\NOV\[[OLSPMLVM
[LHJOLYZ0U[OPZ^H`^LJHUPTWYV]LP[]HS\LP[HUKKLZPNUH[YHPUPUNWYVWVZHS[HPSVYLK[V`V\YULLKZ;OPZ
YLZLHYJOPZX\HU[P[H[P]LHUK[OLKH[HVM[OL[LHJOLYZ[OH[THRL\W[OLZHTWSL^LYLJVSSLJ[LK[OYV\NO
ZLSMYLWVY[
Key words:3LHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZ[LHJOLYWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[7YPTHY`,K\JH[PVU
INTRODUCCIÓN
,ZL]PKLU[LX\LOV`LUKxHSVZWYPUJPWHSLZJHTIPVZ`H]HUJLZZVUWYVWPJPHKVZWVYSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZKL
SHPUMVYTHJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}UKHUKVS\NHYHSVX\LOV`ZLJVUVJLJVTVZVJPLKHKKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U
:HSPUHZ*VTVJVUZLJ\LUJPHZLOHNLULYHKV\UHULJLZPKHKKLMVYTHJP}UWHYHHKX\PYPYSVZJVUV
JPTPLU[VZ`KLZ[YLaHZLZLUJPHSLZX\LWVZPIPSP[LUZPZ[LTHZKLLUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQLX\LZLHKHW[LUHSVZ
JHTIPVZ,Z[HULJLZPKHKKLMVYTHJP}U`KLHJ[\HSPaHJP}UJVU[PU\HZLPUJYLTLU[HLULSJHZVKLHX\LSSHZ
WLYZVUHZKLKPJHKHZWYVMLZPVUHSTLU[LHSHLK\JHJP}U3VZKVJLU[LZUVZ}SV[PLULUSHULJLZPKHKKLHWYLU
KLY ZPUV [HTIPtU SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK KL LUZL|HY LU \U LU[VYUV LU JVUZ[HU[L JHTIPV :L OHJL PTWYLZ
JPUKPISL!\UHLK\JHJP}UKLJHSPKHKMH]VYLJLKVYHKLSKLZHYYVSSVKLWLYZVUHZJVTWL[LU[LZ`JP\KHKHUVZ
JVTWYVTL[PKVZLU\UHZVJPLKHKLUJVU[PU\HL]VS\JP}U4HPUH`.HYJxH\UHMVYTHJP}UHSVSHYNVKL
[VKHSH]PKHIHZHKHLU\UHKP]LYZPKHKKLM\LU[LZ`TLJHUPZTVZ/LYUmUKLa:LSStZ.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK
`4\|Va*HYYPSX\L]HUHNLULYHY\UH]HYPLKHKKLVJHZPVULZWHYHHWYLUKLY)HYYVU
;VKHZLZ[HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZZVUSHZX\LJVUÄN\YHULS[tYTPUVKLLJVSVNxHZKLSHWYLUKPaHQL
:LNU)YVÛW ¸<UHLJVSVNxHLZImZPJHTLU[L\UZPZ[LTHHIPLY[VJVTWSLQV`HKHW[H[P]VX\L
JVTWYLUKLLSLTLU[VZX\LZVUKPUmTPJVZLPU[LYKLWLUKPLU[LZ<UHKLSHZJVZHZX\LOHJLX\L\UHLJVSV
NxHZLH[HUWVKLYVZH`HKHW[HISLHSVZU\L]VZLU[VYUVZLZZ\KP]LYZPKHK¹,USHTPZTHSxULH)HYYVULULS
WKLÄULSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLJVTV!¸,SJVUQ\U[VKLJVU[L_[VZOHSSHKVZLULZWHJPVZMxZPJVZ
V]PY[\HSLZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHUVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL*HKHJVU[L_[VJVTWYLUKL\UHJVUÄN\YHJP}U
UPJHKLHJ[P]PKHKLZYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZYLSHJPVULZWLYZVUHSLZ`SHZPU[LYHJJPVULZX\LZ\YNLUKLLSSVZ¹
(ZPTPZTVTmZYLJPLU[LTLU[L1HJRZVUWLZ[HISLJLX\L¸SHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLJVTWYLU
KLUSVZWYVJLZVZ`]HYPLKHKKLJVU[L_[VZLPU[LYHJJPVULZX\LJVUJLKLHSPUKP]PK\VSHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZ`SVZ
YLJ\YZVZWHYHHWYLUKLYWHYHZ\KLZHYYVSSV`WHYHHSJHUaHYZ\ZSVNYVZ¹
+LLZ[HZKLÄUPJPVULZZLW\LKLPUMLYPYX\LZLYJVUZJPLU[LZKLSVZYLJ\YZVZJVU[L_[VZPU[LYHJJPVULZ
`HJ[P]PKHKLZX\LJVUÄN\YHUU\LZ[YHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLW\LKLZLY\UHLZ[YH[LNPHT\`LÄJHaWHYH
JYLHY`NLZ[PVUHYU\L]HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL4HPUH`.HYJxH,Z[HJHWHJPKHKKLPU[LNYH
JP}UOHJLX\LSHZLJVSVNxHZZLHU\UPU[LYLZHU[LTHYJVKLHUmSPZPZKLSHZMVYTHZ`WH[YVULZLUX\LKPZ[PU[VZ
PUKP]PK\VZ`JVSLJ[P]VZHWYLUKLU:HUTHTLK:HUNYm:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]La
+LZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]HLJVS}NPJHZLLU[PLUKLX\LSHMVYTHJP}UJVU[PU\HLSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[LVLS
HWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHKLYP]HUKLSHPU[LYHJJP}ULU[YLSVZKPMLYLU[LZJVU[L_[VZLUSVZX\LSVZPUKP]P
K\VZHJ[HU,Z[VZJVU[L_[VZPUJS\`LU[HU[VSHLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSJVTVSHUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHS;HI\LUJH
;LYUPLY`:WLJO[":HUNYn.\P[LY[ 7tYLa4H[LV`,YULZ[7
,ZLULZ[LW\U[VKVUKLJVIYHU\UHTH`VYPTWVY[HUJPHSHZ;LJUVSVNxHZKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U`*VT\
UPJHJP}U;0*3VZU\L]VZLZWHJPVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LUVZWYVWVYJPVUHUSHZYLKLZKLJVT\UPJHJP}U`
X\LZLJYLHULU[VYUVH0U[LYUL[LUU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHKOHJLUPUZVZ[LUPISLSHPKLHKLSHMVYTHJP}UMVYTHSL
PUZ[P[\JPVUHSPaHKHJVTVUPJH`WYPUJPWHS]xHKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLSPUKP]PK\V3H\IPJ\PKHKKLSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZ
KPNP[HSLZ`Z\WV[LUJPHSWHYHLSHWYLUKPaHQLOHUKHKVS\NHYHS¸HWYLUKPaHQL\IPJ\V¹)\YI\SLZ";ÙLY
.\[PtYYLa`;VYYLNVX\LYLWYLZLU[HSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLHWYLUKLYLUKPMLYLU[LZLU[VYUVZYLHSLZ`]PY
[\HSLZ,ZHX\xKVUKLZLVIZLY]HUU\L]HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQLH\[VYNHUPaHKV`ÅL_PISL:HSPUHZ
3VZJHTIPVZZVUT\JOVZWLYVWVKLTVZPKLU[PÄJHYHSTLUVZJH[HSPaHKVYLZM\UKHTLU[HSLZKL
LZ[HTL[HTVYMVZPZJVTVPUKPJHU:HUTHTLK:HUNYm:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]La7YPTLYVSHJVULJ[P]P
KHKKLSHZYLKLZX\LWVZPIPSP[HU\UUP]LSKLPU[LYHJJP}UU\UJHL_WLYPTLU[HKVHU[LYPVYTLU[L,UZLN\UKV
S\NHYLSLTWVKLYHTPLU[VKLSHWYLUKPaX\LKLJPKLX\t`J}TVHWYLUKLYHX\LSSVX\LKLZLH;LYJLYVSH
Z\WLYHJP}UKLSHZIHYYLYHZKLSLZWHJPV[LTWVYHSLZX\LWLYTP[LKLJPKPY[HTIPtUJ\mUKV`K}UKLHWYLUKLY
ZPUZ\Z[HUJPHSLZSPTP[HJPVULZ@J\HY[VSHHJLW[HJP}UKLX\LL_PZ[L\UHWYLUKPaHQLH]LJLZUVWLYJPIPKVKL
JHYmJ[LYPUMVYTHSX\LZPULTIHYNVUVZWLYTP[LHKX\PYPYJVTWL[LUJPHZM\UKHTLU[HSLZ
OBJETIVOS
,ZULJLZHYPV[LULYLUJ\LU[HX\LSVZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKVOHZ[HHOVYHPTWSLTLU
[HKVZ UV WHYLJLU YLZWVUKLY KL THULYH LMLJ[P]H ` HKLJ\HKH H LZ[H ULJLZPKHK KL MVYTHJP}U JVU[PU\H
HJ[\HSPaHKHmNPS`H[PLTWV7VYLZ[HYHa}U`[VTHUKVLUJ\LU[H[VKVSVHU[LYPVYTLU[LJP[HKVLSVIQL[P]V
KLSWYLZLU[LLZ[\KPVLZHUHSPaHYSHZ,JVSVNxHZKL(WYLUKPaHQLKLSWYVMLZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPHJVU
SHWYL[LUZP}UKLLU[LUKLYSHYLHSPKHKX\LYVKLHHSWYVJLZVKLHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHKLSVZKVJLU
[LZ*VUJYL[HTLU[LUVZOLTVZWYVW\LZ[VKLSPTP[HYJ\mSLZZVUSHZWYLMLYLUJPHZKLMVYTHJP}UWLYTHULU[L
KLSWYVMLZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH
METODOLOGÍA
PARTICIPANTES
3HT\LZ[YHLZ[mMVYTHKHWVYKVJLU[LZWLY[LULJPLU[LZHJLU[YVZWISPJVZKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS
`7YPTHYPHKLSHWYV]PUJPHKL(*VY\|H:LOH\[PSPaHKV\UT\LZ[YLVKLJVU]LUPLUJPHLULSLZ[\KPV<UVKL
SVZJYP[LYPVZKLPUJS\ZP}UT\LZ[YHSOHZPKVX\LLSWYVMLZVYHKVPTWHY[PLZLKVJLUJPHLU,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH
IPLU ZPLUKV [\[VYLZHZ KL \U NY\WV KL HS\TUVZHZ V JVTV LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ KL ,K\JHJP}U -xZPJH 4ZPJH
3LUN\HL_[YHUQLYH7LKHNVNxH[LYHWt\[PJH(\KPJP}U`3LUN\HQLV9LSPNP}U+LLU[YLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLS
ZVUTHLZ[YVZ`LSZVUTHLZ[YHZ;HISH,UJ\HU[VHSHLKHK;HISHLSLZ[mU
LU[YLSVZ`H|VZ,S LU[YLSVZ`"`LS[PLULUTmZKLH|VZ
Tabla 1. Sexo de los participantes
Frecuencia Porcentaje
maestro
maestra
;V[HS
Tabla 2. Edad de los participantes
Frecuencia Porcentaje
entre 25-35
entre 36-50
más de 51 años
;V[HS
INSTRUMENTOS
7HYH HUHSPaHY SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ JVTWVULU[LZ KL SHZ ,JVSVNxHZ KL (WYLUKPaHQL KVJLU[L LS PUZ[Y\TLU[V
\[PSPaHKVOHZPKV\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKLLSHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH,ZWYLJPZVKLZ[HJHYX\LZLOHYLJ\YYPKVHSZPZ[L
THIHZHKVLULSQ\PJPVKLL_WLY[VZWHYHSH]HSPKHJP}UKLSPUZ[Y\TLU[V,SJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZLJVTWVULKL
KPTLUZPVULZH\UX\LWHYHSSL]HYHJHIVLZ[LLZ[\KPVUVZOLTVZJLU[YHKVLU\UHZVSHKPTLUZP}UJVT
W\LZ[HWVYx[LTZWHYHHUHSPaHYSHZWYLMLYLUJPHZKLMVYTHJP}UKLSVZKVJLU[LZ3HLZJHSHKLYLZW\LZ[H
LZKL[PWV3PRLY[KLHZPLUKV!UHKHWVJVIHZ[HU[L`T\JOV
PROCEDIMIENTO
7HYHWYVJLKLYHSHYLJVNPKHKLPUMVYTHJP}ULUWYPTLYS\NHYZLPUMVYT}KLSVZWYVW}ZP[VZKLSHPU]LZ[P
NHJP}UHSVZKPYLJ[VYLZHZKLSVZKPZ[PU[VZJVSLNPVZWISPJVZLUSVZX\LZLX\LYxHHWSPJHYLSJ\LZ[PVUHYPV<UH
]LaKHKHZ\HWYVIHJP}UZLYLWHY[PLYVUKPJOVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZLU[YLLSWYVMLZVYHKVX\LM\LYVUHWSPJHKVZ
KLU[YVKLSOVYHYPVLZJVSHYLU\UHUPJHZLZP}U
ANÁLISIS DE DATOS
+HKVLSJHYmJ[LYJ\HU[P[H[P]VKLLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULSHUmSPZPZKLKH[VZZLSSL]}HJHIVH[YH]tZKLS
:VM[^HYLLZ[HKxZ[PJV:7::7YPTLYHTLU[LZLYLHSPa}\UHUmSPZPZL_WSVYH[VYPVKLSVZKH[VZWHYHL]HS\HYSH
JHSPKHKSHKPZ[YPI\JP}UHZPTL[YxH`J\Y[VZPZKL[LYTPUHYSHZTLKPKHZKLYLZ\TLUTVKHTLKPH`TLKPHUH
`JHSJ\SHYSHZTLKPKHZKLKPZWLYZP}U]HYPHUaH`YHUNV(JVU[PU\HJP}U`JVULSÄUKLKHYYLZW\LZ[HH
U\LZ[YHZWYLN\U[HZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLYLHSPaHYVUHUmSPZPZKLMYLJ\LUJPHZ
RESULTADOS
([LUKPLUKVHSVIQL[P]VKLU\LZ[YVLZ[\KPVWYL[LUKLTVZPKLU[PÄJHYJ\mSLZZVUSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZTmZYLH
SPaHKHZ`]HSVYHKHZWVYLSWYVMLZVYHKVWHYHZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS7HYHLSSVOLTVZJHSJ\SHKVSHZTLKPHZ
KL[VKHZSHZ]HYPHISLZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZHKPMLYLU[LZHJ[P]PKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}U,SYHUNVKLJHKH]HYPHISL
VZJPSH LU[YL LS WVJH MYLJ\LUJPH KL YLHSPaHJP}U H T\JOH MYLJ\LUJPH KL YLHSPaHJP}U 3VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ
=tHZL;HISHL]PKLUJPHUX\LOH`HJ[P]PKHKLZJ\`HZTLKPHZZVUZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LTmZHS[HZKLTLUVY
HTH`VY!SVZWYV`LJ[VZKL-VYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZ SHZIZX\LKHZLUPU[LYUL[ SHYLH
SPaHJP}UKLJ\YZVZMVYTH[P]VZKLTLUVZKLOVYHZ SVZWYV`LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}U
SVZNY\WVZKL[YHIHQV SHYLÅL_P}UWLYZVUHSZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH SHYLÅL_P}U
JVU JVSLNHZ KLS JLU[YV ZVIYL SH L_WLYPLUJPH KPHYPH SH LSHIVYHJP}U KL YLJ\YZVZ WHYH LS H\SH
( `LSPU[LYJHTIPVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ ,Z[HZHJ[P]PKHKLZ[PLULUSVZxUKPJLZKLWYLMLYLUJPH
TmZHS[VZ7VYV[YVSHKVSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZX\LWYLZLU[HUxUKPJLZYLSH[P]VZH\UHTLUVYMYLJ\LUJPHKLYLH
SPaHJP}UZVU!SHPU[LYHJJP}ULUYLKLZKLWYVMLZVYHKV SHIZX\LKHLUYLWVZP[VYPVZKLYLJ\YZVZ
HIPLY[VZ SVZTLKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}U SHZJVU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUMHTPSPHYLZ
( SHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUYLKLZZVJPHSLZKPNP[HSLZ `ÄUHSTLU[LSHYLHSPaHJP}UKLJ\YZVZ
HIPLY[VZTHZP]VZLUSxULH466*Z
Tabla 3. Estadísticos descriptivos - Actividades de formación informal.
N Mínimo Máximo Media Desviación Asimetría Curtosis

típica
*\YZVZKLTLUVZKLOVYHZ 4
*\YZVZKLTmZKLOVYHZ 4
;HSSLYLZ 4
*VUMLYLUJPHZ 4
Congresos 4
Encuentros 4
.Y\WVZKL[YHIHQV 4
1VYUHKHZ 4
:LTPUHYPVZ7LYTHULU[LZ 4
*VSVX\PVZ 4
7YV`LJ[VZKL-VYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZ 4
7YV`LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}U 4
9L\UPVULZWYVMLZVYHKV 4
9LÅL_P}UJVUJVTWH|LYVZKLJLU[YV
ZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH 4
9LÅL_P}UJVUJVTWH|LYVZKLV[YVZJLU[YVZ 4
9LÅL_P}UWLYZVUHSZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH 4
9LKLZKLWYVMLZVYHKV 4
=PZP[HZHL_WVZPJPVULZ 4
=PZP[HZHT\ZLVZ 4
=PZP[HZHV[YHZH\SHZ`VJLU[YVZ 4
0UMVYTLZHJHKtTPJVZ 4
3PIYVZPTWYLZVZKLJVU[LUPKVZJPLU[xÄJVZ
J\S[\YHSLZVSP[LYHYPVZ 4
3PIYVZPTWYLZVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ 4
WLYP}KPJVZYL]PZ[HZKLKP]\SNHJP}UJPLU[xÄJH 4
7LYP}KPJVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ 4
4LKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}U 4
*VU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUMHTPSPHYLZ 4
*VU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUJVSLNHZ 4
+PZL|VKLWSHULZKL[YHIHQVLZWLJxÄJVZ 4
,SHIVYHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZWHYHLSH\SH 4
0U[LYJHTIPVZKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ 4
)ZX\LKHLU0U[LYUL[ 4
;\[VYPHSLZKL0U[LYUL[ 4
*VUZ\S[HLUIPISPV[LJHZKPNP[HSLZ 4
;YHIHQVJVUSPIYVZKPNP[HSLZ 4
*VUZ\S[HTH[LYPHSLZKPNP[HSLZ 4
7HY[PJPWHJP}ULUYLKLZZVJPHSLZKPNP[HSLZ 4
,SHIVYHJP}UKLISVNZ 4
*VUZ\S[HISVN 4
)ZX\LKHLUYLWVZP[VYPVZKLYLJ\YZVZHIPLY[VZ 4
466* 4
DISCUSIÓN
;HS JVTV HW\U[mIHTVZ LU SH PU[YVK\JJP}U LS JVUJLW[V KL LJVSVNxHZ KLS HWYLUKPaHQL PTWSPJH \UH
YLÅL_P}UHJLYJHKLJ}TVHWYLUKLTVZ`HIHYJHKP]LYZVZJVU[L_[VZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLxUKVSLMVYTHSUV
MVYTHS L PUMVYTHS ` KL JHYmJ[LY [HU[V MxZPJV JVTV ]PY[\HS )HYYVU 3H KLZJYPWJP}U KL SVZ KH[VZ
YLHSPaHKHLULSHWHY[HKVHU[LYPVYUVZWLYTP[LSSLNHYHKPMLYLU[LZJVUJS\ZPVULZHJLYJHKLSHJVUÄN\YHJP}U
KLSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLSWYVMLZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH,ULZ[HWYPTLYHYHKPVNYHMxHKLSH
ZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSWVKLTVZVIZLY]HYJ}TVSHTVKHSPKHKKLMVYTHJP}UWYLMLYPKHWVYSVZKVJLU[LZLZSHWYL
ZLUJPHS[HU[VWHYHSHMVYTHJP}UMVYTHSJVTVWHYHSVUVMVYTHS(\UX\LSHVMLY[HKLMVYTHJP}UHKPZ[HUJPH
`ZLTPWYLZLUJPHSLZ[mZPLUKVJHKH]LaTmZHTWSPHSVZKVJLU[LZZLPUJSPUHUWVY\UHMVYTHJP}UWYLZLUJPHS
,U YLMLYLUJPH H SH MVYTHJP}U MVYTHS V UV MVYTHS SVZ KH[VZ L]PKLUJPHU X\L SH YLHSPaHJP}U KL J\YZVZ
MVYTH[P]VZKLTLUVZKLOVYHZSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUWYV`LJ[VZKLMVYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZ`SHWHY[PJPWHJP}U
LUWYV`LJ[VZKLPUUV]HJP}UOHUZPKVKL[LYTPUHKVZJVTVHJ[P]PKHKLZWYLMLYPKHZKLMVYTHJP}U,Z[VYLÅLQH
\UH[LUKLUJPHOHJPH\UHMVYTHJP}UKLJHYmJ[LYWYLZLUJPHS`NY\WHS3HZWYLMLYLUJPHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVUV[YH
TVKHSPKHKKLMVYTHJP}UJVTVSHZLTPWYLZLUJPHSVHKPZ[HUJPH`LULZWLJPHSSHYLHSPaHJP}UKL466*Z
M\LYVU SHZ X\L VI[\]PLYVU TLKPHZ TmZ IHQHZ ` WVY [HU[V ZL LU[PLUKLU JVTV WVJV H[YHJ[P]HZ WHYH LS
WYVMLZVYHKV
3HZHJ[P]PKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UPUMVYTHSZVUSHZX\LOHUVI[LUPKVxUKPJLZTmZHS[VZKLWYLMLYLUJPH`
WYLKVTPUHUSHZTVKHSPKHKLZKLJHYmJ[LYWYmJ[PJVJVTV!SH\[PSPaHJP}U`LSHIVYHJP}UKLTH[LYPHSLZWHYHLS
H\SHSHYLÅL_P}UWLYZVUHSVNY\WHSZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPHSVZNY\WVZKL[YHIHQVVLSPU[LYJHTIPVKL
L_WLYPLUJPHZ7VYV[YVSHKVSHZVWJPVULZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVUSHZWVZPIPSPKHKLZX\LVMYLJL0U[LYUL[[VKH]xHUV
ZVU\[PSPaHKHZJVUHZPK\PKHKJVTVWVYLQLTWSV!SHIZX\LKHLUYLWVZP[VYPVZKLYLJ\YZVZHIPLY[VZSHLSH
IVYHJP}UKLISVNZSVZTLKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}UVSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUYLKLZZVJPHSLZKPNP[HSLZHL_JLWJP}U
KLSHIZX\LKHNLULYHSLUSHYLKX\LWYLZLU[H\UHTLKPHLSL]HKH
+HKHZSHZPUTLUZHZWVZPIPSPKHKLZX\LVMYLJLSH[LJUVSVNxH`SHYLKYLZ\S[HSSHTH[P]VX\LSHMYLJ\LUJPH
KLYLHSPaHJP}UKLLZ[L[PWVKLHJ[P]PKHKLZZLH[HUIHQH,Z[LOLJOVW\LKLKLZ]LSHYX\LSHZ\[PSPaHJPVULZKL
OLYYHTPLU[HZ[LJUVS}NPJHZUVZVU\[PSPaHKHZWVYSVZKVJLU[LZWVYX\LUVJ\LU[HUJVUMVYTHJP}UZ\ÄJPLU[L
WHYHLSKLZLTWL|VKL[HSLZHJ[P]PKHKLZ,ZWVYLSSVX\LZLWYVWVULJVTVM\[\YHSxULHKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULS
KPZL|V`SHL]HS\HJP}UKL\UWSHUKLMVYTHJP}UX\LZLHQ\Z[LHLZ[HZULJLZPKHKLZX\LWYLZLU[HLSWYVML
ZVYHKVKLOV`LUKxHLUYLSHJP}UHLS\ZVKLSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZWHYHZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS`MVYTHJP}U
)HYYVU)3LHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZMVY[LJOUVSVNPJHSÅ\LUJ`!NLUKLYHUKL_WLYPLUJLKPќLYLUJLZJournal
of Educational Computing Research, 31+60! 5==9)=(
)HYYVU ) 0U[LYLZ[ HUK ZLSM Z\Z[HPULK SLHYUPUN HZ JH[HS`Z[Z VM KL]LSVWTLU[! H SLHYUPUN LJVSVN`
WLYZWLJ[P]LHuman development, 49
)YVÛ1.YV^PUN\WKPNP[HS!/V^[OL^LIJOHUNLZ^VYRLK\JH[PVUHUK[OL^H`ZWLVWSLSLHYU
Change: The Magazine of HigherLearning, 32+60!
)\YI\SLZ5,SHWYLUKPaHQL\IPJ\V`LSM\[\YVKLSHLUZL|HUaHEncountersoneducation, 13
.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4:HUNYn(:V\[V:LPQV(`,Z[t]La0,JVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLLUSH
,YH+PNP[HS!KLZHMxVZWHYHSH,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVYPublicaciones, 48,
/LYUmUKLa:LSStZ5.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4`4\|Va*HYYPS7,SYVSKVJLU[LLUSHZLJVSVNxHZ
KLHWYLUKPaHQL!HUmSPZPZKL\UHL_WLYPLUJPHKLHWYLUKPaHQLJVSHIVYH[P]VLULU[VYUVZ]PY[\HSLZRevista
de currículum y formación del profesorado, 19,9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^\NYLZeYLJMWYV
YL] (9; YLZWKM
1HJRZVU5;OLJVUJLW[VMSLHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZ,U51HJRZVU`)*VVWLYLKZLifewide Learning,
Education & Personal Development JOHW[LY ( 9LJ\WLYHKV KL! O[[W!^^^SPML^PKLLIVVRJV\R
JVUJLW[\HSO[TS
4HPUH4`.HYJxH0(Y[PJ\SHJP}UKLWLKHNVNxHZWLYZVUHSLZH[YH]tZKLSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLU
KPaHQL,U).YVZ2PUZO\R`4HPUH4LKZEl futuro del aprendizaje ubicuo: aprender diseños para
pedagogías emergentesWW 5V[HZKLSH*VUMLYLUJPHLU[LJUVSVNxHLK\JH[P]H)LYSxU/LPKLS
ILYN!:WYPUNLY+60!
:HSPUHZ10UUV]HJP}UKVJLU[L`\ZVKLSHZ;0*LUSHLUZL|HUaH\UP]LYZP[HYPHRevista Universidad
y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 1,
:HUNYn(.\P[LY[47tYLa4H[LV4`,YULZ[7Lifelong Learning Ecologies and Teachers’
Professional Development: A Roadmap for Research,U7H\SZLU4-`:aJZ(3LHYUPUNHUK:\Z
[HPUHIPSP[`;OL5L^,JVZ`Z[LTVM0UUV]H[PVUHUK2UV^SLKNL0U7YVJVM[OL,+,5(UU\HS*VU
MLYLUJL+\ISPU0YLSHUK
;HI\LUJH);LYUPLY:`:WLJO[47H[YVULZJV[PKPHUVZLULZ[\KPHU[LZKLMVYTHJP}UJVU[PU\H
WHYHSHJYLHJP}UKLLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLRevista de Educación a Distancia, 37.9LJ\WLYHKVKL!
O[[W!^^^\TLZLHKYLK
;ÙLY2.\[PtYYLa(;VYYLNV(¸4\S[PHSMHIL[PaHJP}U¹ZPUT\YVZLUSHLYHKLSHJVU]LYNLUJPH3H
JVTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HS`SH¸J\S[\YHKLSOHJLY¹JVTVYL]\SZP]VZWHYH\UHLK\JHJP}UJVU[PU\H7YVMLZVYH
do. Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 19
AGRADECIMIENTOS
,Z[LHY[xJ\SVZLOHLSHIVYHKVLULSTHYJVKLSWYV`LJ[V,*63,(95/,ÄUHUJPHKVWVYLS405,*6
`-,+,99LMLYLUJPH,+< 9

Paula Gil Ramos
Instituto do Emprego
L-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS07
Formar para a
qualidade de vida
e desenvolvimento
sustentável
¶-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
e Desenvolvimento
Humano
1. O contexto social e económico atual

– a sociedade de informação e a globalização
=P]LTVZU\TJLUmYPVKLWLYTHULU[LT\KHUsHJVT
UV]HZ KPUoTPJHZ LJVU}TPJHZ ZVJPHPZ L KLTVNYmÄJHZ
JVT HS[LYHsLZ UV T\UKV KV [YHIHSOV L KHZ YLSHsLZ
SHIVYHPZ YLZ\S[HU[LZ KH PU[YVK\sqV KHZ [LJUVSVNPHZ KL
PUMVYTHsqV L JVT\UPJHsqV UVZ WYVJLZZVZ WYVK\[P]VZ
X\LPTWSPJHT\THJYLZJLU[LULJLZZPKHKLKL[YHIHSOHKV
YLZJVTX\HSPÄJHsLZTHPZLSL]HKHZ
(ZZPZ[PTVZ PN\HSTLU[L OVQL HV JYLZJPTLU[V LJVU}
TPJV KL ]mYPVZ ZL[VYLZ KH H[P]PKHKL LJVU}TPJH JVTV V
[\YPZTVLHZ[LJUVSVNPHZKLWVU[HX\LJYPV\UVZS[PTVZ
HUVZTHPZKLWVZ[VZKL[YHIHSOVTHZHVTLZTV
[LTWV]LYPÄJHZLX\LKHZLTWYLZHZHUx]LST\UKPHS
UqV LUJVU[YH VZ [YHIHSOHKVYLZ ULJLZZmYPVZ WHYH VJ\WHY
LZZLZWVZ[VZKL[YHIHSOV
5VJVU[L_[VWVY[\N\vZWVYZL\[\YUVKHWVW\
SHsqVWVY[\N\LZHHWYLZLU[HIHP_HZOHIPSP[HsLZPUMLYPVYLZ
HV ¢HUVKVZX\HPZTHPZKLZqVQV]LUZ/mHPUKH
UV]VZMLU}TLUVZJVTVVZ5,,;V\ZLQHQV]LUZ
X\LUqVLZ[\KHTULT[YHIHSOHTULTLZ[qVPU[LNYHKVZ
LTULUO\TZPZ[LTHKLMVYTHsqVKHKVZVÄJPHPZYLSH[P]VZ
HV¢[YPTLZ[YLKL,H[\KVPZ[VtPTWVY[HU[LX\L
ZLHJYLZJLU[LX\LWVY[\N\LZLZZqVHUHSMHIL[VZ
,Z[HYLHSPKHKLTVZ[YH\TKtÄJLKVPU]LZ[PTLU[VLK\
JH[P]VLTNLYHSLWVKLJVSVJHYZLHOPW}[LZLX\LYL]LSH
\TKLZHQ\Z[LLU[YLHVMLY[HLHWYVJ\YHV\ZLQHHZX\H
SPÄJHsLZ WYVK\aPKHZ WLSVZ ZPZ[LTHZ KL LK\JHsqV L MVY
THsqVULTZLTWYLYLZWVUKLTnZULJLZZPKHKLZZLU[PKHZ
WLSVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOV
4HZ HZ T\KHUsHZ UV TLYJHKV KL [YHIHSOV [VYUHT
LZ[L HQ\Z[HTLU[V JVTWSL_V L [YHaLT UV]VZ KLZHÄVZ
JVTVHZUV]HZWYVÄZZLZLTLYNLU[LZLHPTWYL]PZPIPSPKH
KLKVZWLYJ\YZVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ7VYV\[YVSHKVJHKH]La
THPZHZLTWYLZHZWYVJ\YHTHZZVJPHYVZWLYÄZWYVÄZZPVUHPZHQ\Z[HKVZnZX\HSPÄJHsLZL_PNPKHZnZJVT
WL[vUJPHZWLZZVHPZLYLSHJPVUHPZWYP]PSLNPHUKVHZWLZZVHZX\LTHPZJHWHaLZKLSPKHYJVTVZWYVISLTHZ
HZX\LHWYLZLU[HTH[P[\KLZWVZP[P]HZWLYHU[LVZKLZHÄVZHZX\LJVUZLN\LTYLZVS]LYVZWYVISLTHZ
,Z[HTVZWLYHU[L\THLYHKHYL]VS\sqVKPNP[HSLKHH\[VTHsqVKLUVTPUHKHKLPUKZ[YPHX\L
JVUZ[P[\P\THHS[LYHsqVUHZTLU[HSPKHKLZHUx]LSLTWYLZHYPHS6JVUJLP[VKLLTWYLNVLZ[mHZLYZ\IZ[P
[\xKVWLSVKL[YHIHSOV(H[P]PKHKLWYVK\[P]HWHZZHHKLWLUKLYKLJVUOLJPTLU[VZLV[YHIHSOHKVYKL]LYm
ZLY\TZ\QLP[VJYPH[P]VJYx[PJVLWLUZHU[LWYLWHYHKVWHYHHNPYLHKHW[HYZLYHWPKHTLU[LnZT\KHUsHZKH
ZVJPLKHKL:PS]HL*\UOH
( ]LSVJPKHKL H X\L ZL KLZLU]VS]L V JVUOLJPTLU[V JPLU[xÄJV L [LJUVS}NPJV H X\HU[PKHKL KL PUMVY
THsqVKPZWVUx]LSHPUJLY[LaHHPUZLN\YHUsHHZ\Z[LU[HIPSPKHKLKVWSHUL[HLKHO\THUPKHKLJVSVJHT
KLZHÄVZM\UKHTLU[HPZHVZZPZ[LTHZLK\JH[P]VZLMVYTH[P]VZ
2. Educação/Formação versus Mercado de Trabalho
6JVUOLJPTLU[V[tJUPJVtT\P[VPTWVY[HU[LTHZJHKH]LaTHPZ]VSm[PS7VYV\[YVSHKVHZJOHTHKHZ
ZVM[ZRPSSZJVTVHZH[P[\KLZ]HSVYLZJ\S[\YHLH\[VJVUOLJPTLU[VZqVPU[LTWVYHPZ
(JHIHYHTZLVZ[LTWVZKHZJHYYLPYHZWYVÄZZPVUHPZLZ[m]LPZLLU[YHTVZUHLYHKVZP[PULYmYPVZWYVÄZ
ZPVUHPZPTWYL]PZx]LPZ(aL]LKV
,ZLVZP[PULYmYPVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZZqVPTWYL]PZx]LPZLU[qVWHYHX\LZLY]LHLZWLJPHSPaHsqVKLQV]LUZL
HK\S[VZULZ[LV\UHX\LSLKVTxUPVKLMVYTHsqV&
5qVKL]LYqVVZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqVJLU[YHYZLUHZ\HUVIYLTPZZqVKLWYV]PKLUJPHY
\THMVYTHsqVKLIHZLJVUZPZ[LU[LImZPJHLWVSP]HSLU[LX\L]HSVYPaLHJ\S[\YHNLYHSHZH[P[\KLZHt[PJH
LHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZVJPHS&
(JLU[YHSPaHsqVKHHWYLUKPaHNLTUVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ[tJUPJHZUqVKL]LYmZLYYLKP
YLJPVUHKH WHYH V KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V KHZ JVTWL[vUJPHZ ZVJPHPZ L LTVJPVUHPZ& 7YLWHYHY HZ WLZZVHZ WHYH
[VTHYKLJPZLZSPKHYJVTZP[\HsLZPTWYL]PZ[HZ[LYYHJPVJxUPVS}NPJVH\[VUVTPHJYPH[P]PKHKLLPUV]HsqV&
(LTWYLNHIPSPKHKLLZ[mJHKH]LaTHPZYLSHJPVUHKHJVTHZX\HSPÄJHsLZWLZZVHPZ±ZJVTWL[vUJPHZ
[tJUPJHZKL]LYqVLZ[HYHZZVJPHKHZHJHWHJPKHKLKLKLJPZqVKLHKHW[HsqVHUV]HZZP[\HsLZKLJVT\
UPJHsqVVYHSLLZJYP[HKL[YHIHSOVLTLX\PWH6ZWYVÄZZPVUHPZZLYqV]HSVYPaHKVZWLSHZ\HOHIPSPKHKLLT
LZ[HILSLJLYYLSHsLZLHZZ\TPYSPKLYHUsHZUHZ\HPU[LYHsqVJVTVZZPZ[LTHZJVNUP[P]VZHY[PÄJPHPZ
3. A outra missão da educação e da formação – o desenvolvimento humano
(ZZVJPLKHKLZKLOVQLYLX\LYLTKHLK\JHsqVLZJVSHYUqV\THTLYHHZZPTPSHsqVJLY[PÄJHKHKLZHIL
YLZTHZHWYVTVsqVKLJHWHJPKHKLZUV]HZWHYHVZJYP[PJHYHILY[\YHnT\KHUsHUV]HZJVTWL[vUJPHZUV
KVTxUPVKVZHILYLZ[HYKVZHILYJVU]P]LYJVTVZV\[YVZLKVZHILYL]VS\PY
(ZO\THUPKHKLZOVQL[vTKLSPNHYLK\JHsqVJ\S[\YHLJPvUJPHZHILYLZHILYMHaLY4HY[PUZ
6WYVJLZZVKHJYPHsqVLKHPUV]HsqV[LTKLZLYJVUZPKLYHKVMHJLnWLZZVHJVUJYL[HX\LtJHKH\TKL
U}ZZLQHLTX\LWYVÄZZqVMVY
7HYLJLLU[qVULJLZZmYPVX\LVZ:PZ[LTHZKL,K\JHsqVL-VYTHsqVWYVWVYJPVULTHJHKHLK\JHUKV
HHX\PZPsqVKVZZHILYLZM\UKHTLU[HPZLVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKVZKP]LYZVZ[PWVZKLPU[LSPNvUJPHHJHWHJP
KHKLKLZLJVUOLJLYKLZLYL]LSHYLKLZLYLJVUOLJLYJVTVZ\QLP[VZVJPHSLTYLSHsqVHVZV\[YVZJVU
]P]LUKVJVTLSLZKLTVKVHX\LZLWVZZHVYPLU[HYUVT\UKVLTX\L]P]L[VYUHUKVZLJHKH]LaTHPZ
¸Z\QLP[VH[P]VKHZ\HWY}WYPHL_PZ[vUJPH¹-LYUHUKLZ
6JVUOLJPTLU[VLZ[mZLTWYLPUJVYWVYHKVWVY\THWLZZVHtJYPHKVHTWSPHKVV\HWLYMLPsVHKVWVY
\THWLZZVHtHWSPJHKVLUZPUHKVWVY\THWLZZVHLt\ZHKVILTV\THSWVY\THWLZZVH+Y\JRLY

(ZVJPLKHKLKVJVUOLJPTLU[VJVSVJHHWLZZVHUVJLU[YVLPZZVL_PNLHVZH[\HPZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\
JHsqVLMVYTHsqVUV]HZKLZHÄVZZVIYLJVTVKV[HYVZPUKP]xK\VZKLJVTWL[vUJPHZKLZHILYLZ[HYLKL
ZHILYJVU]P]LYJVTVZV\[YVZKLH[P[\KLWVZP[P]HKLLZ[xT\SVnJYPH[P]PKHKLLnPUV]HsqVKLWYVH[P]PKHKL
KLJVTWYLLUZqVKVV\[YVLKLHJLP[HsqVKHZKPMLYLUsHZU\THWLYZWL[P]HKLJPKHKHUPHPUJS\ZP]H
5qVZL[YH[HWVYPZZVKLYLK\aPYV\LUJLYYHYHTPZZqVKHZPUZ[P[\PsLZKLLUZPUVLKLMVYTHsqVTHZ
HKLHSHYNHYLYLJLU[YHYHJLP[HUKVYLZWVUKLYH\THWS\YHSPKHKLKLTHUKH[VZZVJPHPZKLPUZ[Y\sqVKL
ZVJPHSPaHsqVKLWYVÄZZPVUHSPaHsqVKLWHY[PJPWHsqVJx]PJHKLMVYTHsqVt[PJHKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VLZ[t
[PJV¯Z\IVYKPUHUKVZLUqVHVYLMLYLU[LLJVU}TPJVMVYTHYYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZMH[VYLZKLWYVK\sqV
THZHVWYPTHKVKVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZWLZZVHZX\LTVYHTUVZHS\UVZX\HSX\LYX\LZLQHHZ\HPKHKL
LX\HSX\LYX\LZLQHVTVTLU[VLTX\LWYVJ\YHTHMVYTHsqV
(TLSOVYLK\JHsqVtHX\LZLKLZLU]VS]LJVTVJVUZ[Y\[VYHKLWVZ[\YHUVT\UKV/VQLTHPZKV
X\LU\UJHHLZJVSHKL]LWYLWHYHYWHYHVPTWYL]PZ[VVUV]VHJVTWSL_PKHKLLZVIYL[\KVKLZLU]VS]LY
LTJHKHPUKP]xK\VH]VU[HKLHJHWHJPKHKLLVJVUOLJPTLU[VX\LSOLWLYTP[PYmHWYLUKLYHVSVUNVKH
]PKH(X\LSLX\LYLJVUOLJLV]HSVYKHLK\JHsqVLZ[\KHZLTWYLLX\LYZLTWYLHWYLUKLYTHPZ.VTLZ
)YVJHYKVL[HS
(LK\JHsqVLZJVSHYUqVKL]LYmKLÄUPYZLLTM\UsqVKHWYLWHYHsqVKVZPUKP]xK\VZWHYHVL_LYJxJPV
KHZM\UsLZZVJPHPZKHHKHW[HsqVKVZPUKP]xK\VZnZVWVY[\UPKHKLZZVJPHPZL_PZ[LU[LZJVTVVKLZLT
WYLNVLHWYLJHYPLKHKLKVLTWYLNVLKHTLYHHWYLUKPaHNLTKHZUVYTHZX\LUVZNV]LYUHTTHZHU[LZ
WH\[HYZLWLSVYLMVYsVKHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZX\LKmH[VKVZLHJHKH\THKHZWLZZVHZWHYHZLYLTZ\QLP[VZ
KHZ\HL_PZ[vUJPH(aL]LKV
1mLT UV9LSH[}YPVWHYHH<5,:*6KH*VTPZZqV0U[LYUHJPVUHSZVIYL,K\JHsqVWHYHV:tJ\SV
??0LYHMLP[HHHK]LY[vUJPHKLX\L!¸tWYLJPZVHZZPUHSHYUV]VZVIQL[P]VZnLK\JHsqVLWVY[HU[VT\KHYH
PKLPHX\LZL[LTKHZ\H\[PSPKHKL,Z[HKL]LYPHHZZLU[HYHU[LZKLTHPZUHJVUJLsqVKHLK\JHsqVJVTV
WYVJLZZVKLYL]LSHsqVKV[LZV\YVLZJVUKPKVLTJHKH\TKLU}Z¹
(PUKHZLN\UKVLZ[LYLSH[}YPVHLK\JHsqVKL]LJVU[YPI\PYWHYHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VNSVIHSKHWLZZVHL
¸[VKVVZLYO\THUVKL]LZLYWYLWHYHKVWHYHLSHIVYHYWLUZHTLU[VZH\[}UVTVZLJYx[PJVZLWHYHMVYT\SHY
VZZL\ZWY}WYPVZQ\xaVZKL]HSVYKLTVKVHWVKLYKLJPKPYWVYZPTLZTVJVTVHNPYUHZKPMLYLU[LZJPYJ\UZ
[oUJPHZKH]PKH¹
6ZZPZ[LTHZLK\JH[P]VLMVYTH[P]V[vTWVPZHS[LYHKVVZZL\ZWHYHKPNTHZJLU[YHKVZLZZLUJPHSTLU
[LUVJVUOLJPTLU[VWHYHV\[YVZX\LZLMVJHTUVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZTVIPSPaHKVYHZKL
JVUOLJPTLU[VZJHWHJPKHKLZLH[P[\KLZJHWHaLZKLPUK\aPYUVZQV]LUZLHK\S[VZHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZULJLZ
ZmYPHZnHKHW[HsqVnZVJPLKHKLWLUZHTLU[VJYx[PJVJYPH[P]PKHKLH\[VUVTPHLWHY[PSOHU\TT\UKVNSVIHS
LX\LZLX\LYZ\Z[LU[m]LS<5,:*6
(ZHS[LYHsLZX\LLZ[HZSPUOHZKLWLUZHTLU[VL]PKLUJPHTUqVWVKLYLZPKPYZ}UHZPUZ[P[\PsLZX\L
MVYTHT V ZPZ[LTH LK\JH[P]V" [LT [HTItT KL ZL THUPMLZ[HY UHZ H\[HYX\PHZ SVJHPZ UHZ LTWYLZHZ THPZ
KPUoTPJHZUVZ]HYPHKVZHNLU[LZLK\JH[P]VZSVJHPZLUVZKP]LYZVZZLY]PsVZWISPJVZKLIHZLSVJHS
5L\YV*PvUJPHL,K\JHsqV
(UL\YVJPvUJPH[LT]PUKVHZLYJHKH]LaTHPZHWSPJHKHUHLK\JHsqVZ\NLYPUKV\THHS[LYHsqVHVZ
Tt[VKVZL[tJUPJHZ[YHKPJPVUHPZKLLUZPUV
6*tYLIYVWYLJPZHKLZLLTVJPVUHYWHYHHWYLUKLYKPa-LYUHUKV4VYH,LZ[LtVWYPUJxWPV
Z\IQHJLU[LH[VKHZHZ[LVYPHZH]HUsHKHZWLSVZLZWLJPHSPZ[HZLTUL\YVLK\JHsqV
*VTVtX\LVJtYLIYVHWYLUKL&
8\HPZZqVVZLZ[xT\SVZX\LKLZWLY[HTHH[LUsqV&
*VTVtX\LHH[LUsqVWYV]VJHZLU[PTLU[VZ&
*VTVtX\LVZZLU[PTLU[VZKLZWLY[HTLTVsLZ&
*VTVtX\LLZZHZLTVsLZKLZWVSL[HTVWYVJLZZVKL]mYPHZX\LZ[LZ&
7VKLHÄYTHYZLX\LUPUN\tTHWYLUKLZLUqVLZ[P]LYTV[P]HKV
iWYLJPZVKLZWLY[HYUVJtYLIYVTLJHUPZTVZJHWHaLZKLKL[L[HYHS[LYHsLZHX\PSVX\LZqVHZTVUV
[VUPHZKPmYPHZ+LZWLY[HYHJ\YPVZPKHKLKLZWVSL[HYZLU[PTLU[VZLLTVsLZZqVHIHZLWHYHVZWYVJLZZVZ
KLH[LUsqVTLTVYPaHsqVLHWYLUKPaHNLT
*VTVYLMLYL(U[}UPV+HTmZPVVZZLU[PTLU[VZZqVYLWYLZLU[HsLZX\HSPÄJHKHZKVLZ[HKVKH
UVZZH]PKH,ZZHX\HSPÄJHsqVMHaHNYHUKLKPZ[PUsqVLU[YLHPU[LSPNvUJPHO\THUHLHHPU[LSPNvUJPHHY[PÄJPHS
¸6X\LHPU[LSPNvUJPHHY[PÄJPHSMHat\THZPT\SHsqVKHPU[LSPNvUJPHO\THUHJVTJHWHJPKHKLZT\P[VZ\WL
YPVYLZHX\LSHZX\L[LTVZ¹
6ZZLU[PTLU[VZZqVHL_WLYPvUJPHTLU[HSX\LZLWHZZHUVVYNHUPZTVX\HUKVOmZLUZHsqVLLTVsqV
:LUqVKPZW\ZtZZLTVZKLZLU[PTLU[VZWVKLYxHTVZ[HS]LaZLY[YLPUHKVZJVTLUVYTLLZMVYsVWHYHJSHZ
ZPÄJHYLZ[t[PJHV\TVYHSTLU[LVZVIQL[VZV\VZHJVU[LJPTLU[VZX\LUVZYVKLPHTnTHULPYHKL\TYVI&
¯;LVYPJHTLU[LZLYxHTVZVIYPNHKVZHKLWLUKLYKL\THHUmSPZLKLSPILYHKHKLJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZLJVU[L_
[VZU\TLZMVYsVIY\[HSKLHWYLUKPaHNLT4HZ[HSHWYLUKPaHNLTtKPMxJPSKLJVUJLILYZLTHZWYVWYPLKHKLZ
KHYLJVTWLUZHLKVZZLU[PTLU[VZX\LHHJVTWHUOHT+HTmZPV(
5\UJHJVTVOVQLL_PZ[P\[HU[HX\HU[PKHKLKLPUMVYTHsqVTHZPZZVUqVZPNUPÄJHX\HSPKHKLULT]HYPL
KHKLKHPUMVYTHsqV4HZJVU[PU\HTVZHKLKPJHYWV\JV[LTWVnSLP[\YH+LHJVYKVJVT\TYLSH[}YPVKH
6*+,HSLP[\YHZLYm\THKHZWYPUJPWHPZJVTWL[vUJPHZX\LVZQV]LUZKL]LTKVTPUHYU\THZVJPL
KHKLKPNP[HSLTWLYTHULU[LT\KHUsH(PU[LYUL[[LTJVU[YPI\xKVWHYHHZLNTLU[HsqVZVJPHSLUqVWHYH
HJVLZqVWVPZKmHJHKH\THX\PSVX\LLSLX\LYJVUZ\TPY+VTPUPX\L>VS[VULTLU[YL]PZ[HHV1VYUHSKL
5V[xJPHZQ\UOV
(SP[LYH[\YHtL_[YHVYKPUHYPHTLU[L[PSWVYX\Lt\THLU[YHKHT\P[VYPJHUHTLU[L\THLU[YHKHX\L
\[PSPaHH]PKHZ\IQL[P]HVZZLU[PTLU[VZKPa+HTmZPVU\THLU[YL]PZ[HHV1VYUHS7ISPJVHKLUV]LTIYV
KL¸8\HUKVTLWLYN\U[HTX\HStVTHPVYJPLU[PZ[HKLZLTWYLYLZWVUKV!UHTPUOHmYLHt:OHRLZ
WLHYL¹
5. Os atuais sistemas de Educação e Formação
8\HPZZqVLU[qVHZWYPUJPWHPZHS[LYHsLZX\LVZH[\HPZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqVKL]LT
ZVMYLY&
:HILTVZ X\L HZ HKTPUPZ[YHsLZ UHJPVUHPZ KVZ ZPZ[LTHZ WISPJVZ KL LK\JHsqV L MVYTHsqV ZLYqV
WVY]LU[\YHHZWYPTLPYHZHKHYZLJVU[HLHJVU]P]LYTHSJVTHZKPZM\UJPVUHSPKHKLZL_PZ[LU[LZUVH[\HS
TVKLSVKLLK\JHsqV
(SN\THZPKLPHZJOH]LX\LLZ[qVWYLZLU[LZUVZKPZJ\YZVZWVSx[PJVZWISPJVZLJPLU[xÄJVZ!
¶5qVOmWHxZLZKLZLU]VS]PKVZZLTIVUZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqV*VTVYLMLYL.\PSOLYTL
KL6SP]LPYH4HY[PUZVX\LKPZ[PUN\LVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKVH[YHZVtHHWYLUKPaHNLT6X\L
KPZ[PUN\L\THZVJPLKHKLKLZLU]VS]PKHtHZ\HJHWHJPKHKLKLHWYLUKLYTHPZLTLSOVY"
¶6ZZPZ[LTHZKLLK\JHsqVLMVYTHsqV[vTKLLZ[HYU\THKPUoTPJHJVU[xU\HLZLTWYLLTPU[LYHsqV
JVTVZPZ[LTHLTWYLZHYPHSYLZWVUKLUKVnZZ\HZULJLZZPKHKLZ!JVSVJHUKVZLHTVU[HU[LKHL]V
S\sqV[LJUVS}NPJHU\THYLZWVZ[HWYL]PZPVUHSHX\PSVX\LZqVHZX\HSPÄJHsLZJVTWL[vUJPHZL_PNPKHZ
HVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZLK\YHU[LYLZWVUKLUKVnZULJLZZPKHKLZKLHWLYMLPsVHTLU[VJVU[xU\VKLZZHZ
X\HSPÄJHsLZJVTWL[vUJPHZ
¶iWYLJPZVX\LHZLTWYLZHZLU[LUKHTHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKVWVU[VKL]PZ[HKVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[V
L YLJVUOLJPTLU[V KVZ 9LJ\YZVZ /\THUVZ ( HWVZ[H UV KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V KHZ WLZZVHZ WYVTV]L
\T JSPTH VYNHUPaHJPVUHS WVZP[P]V H\TLU[H H TV[P]HsqV KVZ JVSHIVYHKVYLZ HQ\KH H JVUZ[Y\PY \T
ZLU[PTLU[VKLWLY[LUsHLYLMVYsHHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKL
¶(LK\JHsqVLHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKL]LTLZ[HYWVZPJPVUHKHZUVJLYULKLZZLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[V
WYVTV]LUKV\THZVJPLKHKLJLU[YHKHUHWLZZVHLUHKPNUPKHKLO\THUHU\THWLYZWL[P]HPUJS\ZP]H
¶(ZHWYLUKPaHNLUZKL]LTZLYJVUZPKLYHKHZJVTVVJLU[YVKVWYVJLZZVLK\JH[P]VHPUJS\ZqVJVTV
L_PNvUJPH H JVU[YPI\PsqV WHYH V KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V Z\Z[LU[m]LS JVTV KLZHÄV ]PZHUKV ]HSVYPaHY V
ZHILY4HY[PUZ
(,K\JHsqVLH-VYTHsqVWYLJPZHTKLZLYLPU]LU[HY!
5HJYPHsqVKLHTIPLU[LZWY}WYPVZWHYHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZUV]HZJVTWL[vUJPHZ"
5HHS[LYHsqVPUV]HsqVKVZTt[VKVZL[tJUPJHZ\[PSPaHKHZ!LUZPUHYVX\vJVTVLWHYHX\v&
5HÅL_PIPSPaHsqVJ\YYPJ\SHY
:}HZZPT[LYLTVZ\THLZ[YH[tNPHKL,K\JHsqVL-VYTHsqVX\L!
¶:LQHJLU[YHKHUH(WYLUKPaHNLTHV3VUNVKH=PKH"
¶;LUOHZ\IQHJLU[L\THWYLVJ\WHsqVJVTHWLZZVHUVZL\[VKV"
¶7YVTV]H\TJVUOLJPTLU[VX\LJVU[YPI\HWHYHHJVUZ[Y\sqVKL\THZVJPLKHKLTHPZQ\Z[H"
¶:LQH0UJS\ZP]H¶PUJS\PY[VKVZLZLYWHYH[VKVZ7VYX\LHL_JS\ZqVtPUJVTWH[x]LSJVTVZJVUJLP[VZ
KLLX\PKHKLLKLTVJYHJPH"
¶;LUOH\THJ\S[\YHKLYPNVYLL_PNvUJPH
)PISPVNYHÄH
:PS]H,3KH"*\UOH4=(MVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSUVZtJ\SV??0!KLZHÄVZLKPSLTHZ*PvUJPHKH0UMVYTH
sqV)YHZxSPH]U
(aL]LKV1=VVZKLIVYIVSL[H!LZJVSH[YHIHSOVLWYVÄZZqV7VY[V!,KPsLZ(ZH
.VTLZ)YVJHYKVL[HS7LYÄSKVZ(S\UVZWHYHV:tJ\SV??04PUPZ[tYPVKH,K\JHsqV
4HY[PUZ.KL67LYÄSKVZ(S\UVZWHYHV:tJ\SV??04PUPZ[tYPVKH,K\JHsqV
-LYUHUKLZ(;A escola e a sociedade. Saber Educar
+Y\JRLY7Sociedade pós-capitalistaLK:qV7H\SV!7PVULPYH
>VS[VU + O[[WZ!^^^QUW[HY[LZLZWLJPHSPU[LYPVYVQVYUHSPZTVLZ[HLTIYPNHKVJVTH[LJUVSVNPH
O[TS
6*+,9LSH[}YPVKV.Y\WVKL7LYP[VZKL(S[V5x]LSKH<UPqV,\YVWLPH4(J[5V^
<5,:*6 Educação, um tesouro a descobrir 9LSH[}YPV WHYH H <5,:*6 KH *VTPZZqV 0U[LYUHJPVUHS
ZVIYL,K\JHsqVWHYHV:tJ\SV??07VY[V!,KPsLZ(ZH
4VYH-Neuroeducación,ZWHUOH!(SPHUaH,KP[VYPHS
+HTmZPV ( ( ,Z[YHUOH 6YKLT KHZ *VPZHZ ¶ ( ]PKH VZ ZLU[PTLU[VZ L HZ J\S[\YHZ O\THUHZ 3PZIVH!
*xYJ\SVKL3LP[VYLZ
+HTmZPV(O[[WZ!^^^W\ISPJVW[JPLUJPHLU[YL]PZ[HHU[VUPVKHTHZPV
Olaya Queiruga Santamaría
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
Skills 4.0 Retos
VSH`HX\LPY\NHZHU[HTHYPH'\ZJLZ
María Carmen Santos González
para a nova industria
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
TJHYTLUZHU[VZ'\ZJLZ
Resumo
5VZ S[PTVZ [LTWVZ MVYVU _\YKPUKV UV]HZ VJ\WH

JP}UZKLPN\HSMVYTHX\LV\[YHZZLMVYVU[YHUZMVYTHUKV
LV\[YHZPUJS\ZVKLZHWHYLJLUKV0Z[VWYV]VJH\UOHULJL
ZPKHKL KL HKHW[HJP}U KHZ JVTWL[LUJPHZ WYVMLZPVUHPZ H
LZ[LZUV]VZYLX\PYPTLU[VZKV[LJPKVWYVK\[P]V
7HYHSLSHTLU[L [HTtU _VYKL \UOH MVY[L KLTHUKH KL
JVTWL[LUJPHZ [YHUZ]LYZHPZ UVZ [YHIHSSHKVYLZ JVTV HZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZ KP_P[HPZ X\L ZVU PTWYLZJPUKPISLZ ULZ[L
UV]VWHUVYHTHSHIVYHS
,UKLÄUP[P]HLZ[HTVZHU[L\UUV]VTVKLSVWYVK\[P]V
X\L WYLJPZH KL [YHIHSSHKVYLZ J\HSPÄJHKVZ [HU[V LU JVT
WL[LUJPHZLZWLJxÄJHZKLVJ\WHJP}UZJVUJYL[HZJVTVLU
JVTWL[LUJPH [YHUZ]LYZHPZ X\L SSLZ WLYTP[H HKHW[HYZL L
THU[LYZLULZ[LUV]VLZJLUHYPV7HYHWVKLYHJHKHYLZ[L
KVIYL VI_LJ[P]V t WYLJPZV HJ[\HSPaHY H MVYTHJP}U WHYH
V LTWYLNV HU[PJPWHUKV UV]HZ [LUKLUJPHZ UVZ ZLJ[VYLZ
LZ[YH[t_PJVZLWYV]LYHZHJJP}UZKLJHWHJP[HJP}ULLZWL
JPHSPaHJP}UX\LZLYLX\PYLU
5V JHZV KVZ JLY[PÄJHKVZ KL WYVMLZPVUHSPKHKL HJYL
KP[HJP}U VÄJPHS KV Z\IZPZ[LTH KL MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS
WHYH V LTWYLNV KLUKL St]HUZL H JHIV LZ[\KVZ
YLSHJPVUHKVZJVH0UK\Z[YPHWYLZLU[HUKVHX\LSLZZLJ
[VYLZ JVUZPKLYHKVZ LZ[YH[t_PJVZ L HX\LSLZ JVUZPKLYHKVZ
LTLY_LU[LZLKLHS[VWV[LUJPHS
5LZ[H JVT\UPJHJP}U PTVZ MHJLY \UOH HUmSPZL ZVIYL
Skills 4.0 Retos para a nova industria;Ym[HZLK\UOHPUP
JPH[P]H _\YKPKH H WHY[PY KV WYV_LJ[V JVÄUHUJPHKV WVSV
Igape e o Fondo Social Europeo X\L MVP YLHSPaHKV WVSH
JVUZ\S[VYHPwC(WHY[PYKLZ[L[YHIHSSVHXunta de Galicia
presentou Skills 4.0 Retos para a nova industria;Ym[HZL
K\UOHZLYPLKLWYVWVZ[HZKHmYLHKL,TWYLNVLUTH[LYPH
KLMVYTHJP}U,Z[HZWYVWVZ[HZH[}WHUZLJVU[L_[\HSPaHKHZ
UV7SHU,Z[YH[t_PJVKL.HSPJPHLULSHZ[HTtU
ZLPKLU[PÄJHUHZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZLVZJLY[PÄJHKVZKL
WYVMLZPVUHSPKHKL X\L JVUÄN\YHU LZ[H PUK\Z[YPH L X\L ZL
JVUZPKLYHU WYPVYP[HYPVZ LU TH[LYPH KL MVYTHJP}U WHYH V
emprego.
1. Introdución
O Instituto Gallego de Promoción Económica0NHWL

H_LUJPHHKZJYP[Hm*VUZLSSLYxHKL,JVUVTxH,TWYLNVL
Industria, JVVI_LJ[VKLKL[LJ[HYLKLSPTP[HYHX\LSHZOHIP
SPKHKLZLKLZ[YLaHZX\LZVUKLTHUKHKHZUVZKPMLYLU[LZ
ZLJ[VYLZWYVK\[P]VZSL]V\HJHIV\ULZ[\KVUVJHSJVU
Z\S[V\HKPMLYLU[LZH_LU[LZYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKLKP[VZZLJ[V
YLZZVIYLJHSLZZVUHZJVTWL[LUJPHZTmPZKLTHUKHKHZ
6ZYLZ\S[HKVZKLZ[L[YHIHSSVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULHUmSPZLMVPWYLZLU[HKVUH_VYUHKH[tJUPJHSkills 4.0:
retos formativos para a nova industriaLUZL[LTIYVKLJVVI_LJ[P]VKLVYPLU[HYHSHIVYKH?\U[HKL
.HSPJPHULZ[LLPKV
5LZ[H JVT\UPJHJP}U PTVZ WYLZLU[HY HZ WYPUJPWHPZ JVUJS\ZP}UZ KV WYV_LJ[V Nuevos requerimientos
competenciales ligados a la Industria 4.0 en Galicia LHJVU[PU\HJP}UJLU[YHYtTVUVZUHZHJ[\HJP}UZWYV
WVZ[HZWVSH?\U[HKL.HSPJPHUVmTIP[VKH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSWHYHV,TWYLNV
2. Skills 4.0: retos formativos para a nova industria
:RPSSZMVP\UWYV_LJ[VJ\_VVI_LJ[P]VWYPUJPWHSLYH[YH[HYKLHWVPHY}0.(7,UHPKLU[PÄJHJP}UKL
YLX\PYPTLU[VZSHIVYHPZUVZKPMLYLU[LZZLJ[VYLZKLHJ[P]PKHKLLTWYLZHYPHSSPNHKVZmPUK\Z[YPHLU.HSPJPH
JVHÄUHSPKHKLKLWVKLYMHJLY\UOHHUmSPZLKHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSLMHJLYJVTWHYHJP}UZX\LWLYTP[HUKLZ
LU]VS]LYWYVJLKLTLU[VZV\MVSSHZKLY\[HHJVY[VTLKPVLSVUNVWYHaV7HYHHJHKHYVVI_LJ[P]V_LYHS
MVYT\SHKVUVWYV_LJ[VKLZLU]VS]tYVUZLHZZLN\PU[LZ[HYLMHZ7^*!
0KLU[PÄJHJP}UKLJHTIPVZKLJV|LJLTLU[V[HU[V[LJUVS}_PJVZJVTVOHIPSPKHKLZX\LULJLZP[HUHZ
LTWYLZHZNHSLNHZWHYHNHYHU[PYHZHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKL
0KLU[PÄJHJP}U KHZ ULJLZPKHKLZ MVYTH[P]HZ KVZ [YHIHSSHKVYLZ KHZ LTWYLZHZ NHSLNHZ } SVUNV KH
WPYmTPKLKL[YHIHSSHKVYLZ
(UmSPZLKHVMLY[HKLMVYTHJP}UL_PZ[LU[LUHYL_P}U
(UmSPZLILUJOTHYRKLYL_P}UZKLYLMLYLUJPHLU,ZWH|H7HxZ=HZJV4HKYPK*H[HS\|HLWHxZLZ
KLYLMLYLUJPHLU,\YVWH(SLTH|H0UNSH[LYYHL-YHUJPH
,SHIVYHJP}UK\UOHMVSSHKLY\[HWHYHYLMVYaHYHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLKL.HSPJPHUVmTIP[VKHPUK\Z[YPH
JVUPKLU[PÄJHJP}UKLHJ[\HJP}UZHJVY[VTLKPVLSVUNVWYHaV
,SHIVYHJP}UK\UJHKYVKLTHUKVJVUPUKPJHKVYLZJSH]LKLZLN\PTLU[V
*VTVPUKPJH7^*WHZHJ[\HJP}UZWYVWVZ[HZLUTHYJHUZLKLU[YVKV7SHULZ[YH[t_PJVKL
.HSPJPHH3LP LH,Z[YH[L_PH90:X\LWYVJ\YHU\UJYLJLTLU[VWHYH.HSPJPHJVUJHYmJ[LYPUUV]HKVY
LZVZ[PISL
((_LUKHKL*VTWL[P[P]PKHKL0UK\Z[YPHSKL.HSPJPHLUJmYNHZLKLKPYP_PYH0UK\Z[YPHNHSLNHUVOVYPaVU[L
,UTH[LYPHKL-VYTHJP}UHWVZ[HWVYYLMVYaHYHZJHWHJPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZH[}KVSVZUP]LPZKH
LTWYLZHLKLMVYTHJP}U
2.1. Resultados
6ZZLJ[VYLZHUHSPaHKVZUVWLYxVKVZVUVZX\LZLWYLZLU[HUUHZLN\PU[L[mIVH!
Táboa 1. 7YPUJPWHPZZLJ[VYLZHUHSPaHKVZ
Nº de Nº de
Sector Actividade
empresas traballadores
-HIYPJHJP}ULYLWHYHJP}UKLTV[VYLZLWYPUJPWHPZZ\IJVU_\U[VZ
(\[VTVJP}U
LUZHTISH_LKLZL|VKL]LOxJ\SVZKLTV[VYYLTVSX\LZLZLTPYYLTVSX\LZ
7YVK\JP}UKLÄIYHZLWYVK\[VZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVHJVUMLJJP}U
;t_[PS
KLYV\WHLJHSaHKV
(J\PJ\S[\YH 7YVK\JP}UKLTH[LYPHZWYPTHZKLVYP_L]L_L[HS
7YVJLZHTLU[VKHTHKLPYHKLUKLHZHWSHU[HJP}UH[HHZH
4HKLPYH
[YHUZMVYTHJP}ULUVI_LJ[VZKL\ZVWYmJ[PJV
.YHUP[V ;VKHZHZHJ[P]PKHKLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJV[YH[HTLU[VKLNYHUP[V
5H]HS *VUZ[Y\JP}UUH]HS
;VKVZVZWYVJLZVZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVHJHKLHHSPTLU[HYPH[HTtUZLPUJSLU
(SPTLU[HJP}U
VZZLY]PaVZKLOVZ[HSHYxH
;VKHZHZHJ[P]PKHKLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVHZ;LJUVSV_xHZKH0UMVYTHJP}U
TICs
LH*VT\UPJHJP}U
7YVK\JP}UKLJVU[PKVZWHYHTLKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}UH\KPV]PZ\HPZ
(\KPV]PZ\HS
ZVIYL[VKVJPULL[LSL]PZP}U
*VT\UPJHJP}U
;VKHZHZHJ[P]PKHKLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVHZ;LSLJVT\UPJHJPVULZ
NYmÄJH
3V_xZ[PJHL ;VKHZHZHJ[P]PKHKLZYLSHJPVUHKHZJV[YHUZWVY[LLHSTHJLUHTLU[V

transporte KLTLYJHUJxHZ

Fonte: (KHW[HKVKL7^*W
5LZ[LLZ[\KVWYLN\U[V\ZLSSLZmZLTWYLZHZZVIYLHZHWLYJLWJP}ULUYLSHJP}UHKPMLYLU[LZHZWLJ[VZ
YLMLYPKVZmPUKZ\[YPH(JVU[PUHJP}UWYLZtU[HUZLVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[PKVZWHYHJHKH\UOHKHZ]HYPHISLZ
X\LJVUÄN\YHULZ[HKPTLUZP}U!
*UÀðFD*V|LJLTLU[VKVJVUJLW[VKL0UK\Z[YPH
Coñeces con claridade

o concepto de Industria 4.0?
Fonte:7^W
*UÀðFD0TWHJ[VKH0UK\Z[YPH
Tedes unha idea clara

do impacto da Industria 4.0
no voso sector?
Fonte:7^W
*UÀðFD5P]LSKLPTWHJ[V
Que nivel de impacto

considerades que ten a
Industria 4.0 sobre
o voso sector?
Fonte:7^W

*UÀðFD.YHVKLHKHW[HJP}Um0UK\Z[YPH
Grao de adaptación
do voso sector
á Industria 4.0?
Fonte:7^W
5LZ[L[YHIHSSV[HTtUZLPKLU[PÄJHYVU[YLZNY\WVZLUM\UJP}UKVZL\WVZPJPVUHTLU[VMYVU[LHPUK\Z[YPH
KLZ[HJHUKVVZZLJ[VYLZKL automoción, téxtil, naval, TICs e audiovisual polo maior impacto esperado
do concepto de Industria a curto prazo.
Figura 1.7VZPJPVUHTLU[VKHZPUK\Z[YPHZNHSLNHZMYVU[LmPUK\Z[YPH
Fonte:7^.W
*HUKVZLSSLZWYLZN\U[V\LUYLSHJP}UmZ[LJUVSV_xHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVH0UK\Z[YPHKLTHPVYPTWHJ[V
HZYLZWVZ[HZWVYZLJ[VYLZYLZTLUZLUHZLN\PU[L[mIVH!
Táboa 2. ;LJUVSV_xHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVH0UK\Z[YPH
Sensorización masiva
Sistemas ciberfísicos
Realidade virtual/au-
Reducción consumo
Interacción ers/maq
Manufactura aditiva
Robótica avanzada
Big Data & analisis
Cloud technology
de enerxía
mentada
Sector
Automoción
Téxtil
TICs
Naval
Audiovisual
Madeira
&RPXQLFDFLŉQJUÀðFD
Granito
Alimentación
Loxística e transporte
Acuicultura
Fonte:HKHW[HKVKL7^*W
(ZmYLHZKLULNVJPVUHZX\LZLWYL]tX\L]HP[LYTHPVYPTWHJ[VZVUWYVK\JP}ULTVU[H_LSV_xZ[PJHL
]LU[HZ_HX\LKLZLJ[VYLZHZxVJVUZPKLYHU
,UTH[LYPHKLULJLZPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZKLZ[HJHH]PZP}U_LYHSKLX\LVZKPYLJ[P]VZJV|LaHUHPUK\Z[YPH
L HZ ZHZ HWSPJHJP}UZ UV ZL\ ZLJ[VY ;HTtU t \UOH VWPUP}U IHZ[HU[L JVTWHY[PKH H ULJLZPKHKL KL
TLSSVYHYHZJHWHJPKHKLZ[tJUPJHZKVZVWLYHYPVZ:LULTIHYNVUVJHZVKVZ[tJUPJVZUVUJVUZPKLYHUX\L
L_PZ[HUNYHUKLZJHYLUJPHZMVYTH[P]HZHJ[\HSTLU[L
3. Plan de actuación por parte da Xunta de Galicia
*VTVPUKPJH7^*W LU.HSPJPHHHWVZ[HWVSHPTWSHU[HJP}UKH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLU
TVKHSPKHKLK\HSLHWYVJ\YHK\UOHTHPVYJLYJHUxHLU[YLHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLVTLYJHKVSHIVYHS[YH
[HUKVKLKHYYLZWVZ[HmZULJLZPKHKLZKHZLTWYLZHZPKLU[PÄJHUZLJVTVHZWYPUJPWHPZWHSHUJHZKLHJ[\H
JP}ULUTH[LYPHMVYTH[P]H5HZLN\PU[L.YmÄJHWYLZtU[HUZLHZYLZWVZ[HZKHKHZLUYLSHJP}UmZWYPUJPWHPZ
TLKPKHZX\LJVUZPKLYHUX\LHZ(KTPUPZ[YHJP}UZ7ISPJHZKLILUKLZLU]VS]LYWHYHHWVPHYHPTWSHU[HJP}U
KHPUK\Z[YPH
*UÀðFD 7YPUJPWHPZTLKPKHZX\LHZ((77KLILUKLZLU]VS]LYWHYHHWVPHYHPTWSHU[HJP}UKHPUK\Z[YPH
Fonte:HKHW[HKVKL7^*W
6THYJVLZ[YH[t_PJVKLHWVPV}MVY[HSLJLTLU[VLHWVZ[HWVSHPUUV]HJP}UKL.HSPJPH]LZLYLÅL_HKVUV
7SHULZ[YH[t_PJVKL.HSPJPHH3LP LH,Z[YH[L_PH90:X\LHWVZ[HUWVY\UJYLJLTLU[VPUUV]HKVY
LZVZ[PISL!
Figura 2. 7YPUJPWHPZWSHUZLWVSx[PJHZKLHWVPVm0UK\Z[YPH0
Fonte:(KHW[HKVKL7^*W
*VTVPUKPJH7^*WH(_LUKHKL*VTWL[P[P]PKHKL0UK\Z[YPHSKL.HSPJPHJVUZ[P[LV7SHU
+PYLJ[VY KH 0UK\Z[YPH YL_PVUHS UV OVYPaVU[L ( ZH TPZP}U t ZLY V PUZ[Y\TLU[V X\L WLYTP[H
H\TLU[HY V WLZV KH HJ[P]PKHKL PUK\Z[YPHS UH LJVUVTxH NHSLNH ,U TH[LYPH KL -VYTHJP}U H (_LUKH KL
*VTWL[P[P]PKHKLHWVZ[HWVYYLMVYaHYHZJHWHJPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZH[}KVSVZUP]LPZKHLTWYLZHLKLMVYTH
JP}UKLZ[HJHUKVHHWVZ[HWVSH-7LUTVKHSPKHKLK\HS
6ZYL[VZKH(_LUKHWHYHVLTWYLNVZVU!
9,;6!
6LTWYLNVKLJHSPKHKLJVTVLSLTLU[VJSH]LKHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKL
9,;6!
-VYTHJP}ULJHWHJP[HJP}UJVTVWHUJHZKLJHTIPV
9,;6!
6YPLU[HJP}UHZLY]PaVZUHH[LUJP}UmZWLYZVHZKLTHUKHU[LZLmZLTWYLZHZ
5LZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UxTVUVZJLU[YHYZVHTLU[LUVYL[VKLMVYTHJP}ULJHWHJP[HJP}UJVTVWHUJHZKL
JHTIPV_HX\LJVTVHKPHU[mIHTVZUVYLZ\TVPKLU[PÄJHYLTVZUVmTIP[VKHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHYH
VLTWYLNVHZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZLVZJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLX\LJVUÄN\YHULZ[HPUK\Z[YPHL
X\LZLJVUZPKLYHUWYPVYP[HYPVZ
ÍTIP[VZKLHJ[\HJP}UHZVJPHKVZ}9L[V?\U[HKL.HSPJPH!
9-VYTHJP}ULJHWHJP[HJP}UHVSVUNVKH]PKHSHIVYHS
0TW\SZHY H JYLHJP}U KL <UPKHKLZ KL -VYTHJP}U UH ,TWYLZH WHYH PTW\SZHY KLU[YV KV [LJPKV
LTWYLZHYPHSHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}ULJHWHJP[HJP}UJVUJVTWYVTPZVKLJVU[YH[HJP}U
9LMVYaHYLTVKLYUPaHYVZ*LU[YVZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSWHYHVLTWYLNVKLWLUKLU[LZKH
*VUZLSSLYxHKLZLU]VS]LUKV]xUJ\SVZJVZL\JVU[VYUVZLJ[VYPHSLSVJHS
0TWSHU[HYUV]VZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UH[LUKLUKVmZULJLZPKHKLZKVTLYJHKVLZWLJPHSTLU[L
WVSH0UK\Z[YPHJ\UW\SVLZWLJPHSm-7+\HSLLUJVVYKPUHJP}UJV7YVNYHTH*HWHJP[HKV
Igape.
95V]VZPZ[LTHKLMVYTHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLNV
7YV_LJ[VWPSV[V¸JOLX\LMVYTHJP}U¹WHYHX\LHZWLYZVHZ[YHIHSSHKVYHZKLZLTWYLNHKHZ[L|HU
SPILYKHKLKLLSLJJP}ULSSLZHJYLKP[LWHYHYLHSPaHYHJJP}UZMVYTH[P]HZJVUJYL[HZKPYP_PKHZHTLSSV
YHYHZHLTWYLNHIPSPKHKL
7YVNYHTH KL MVYTHJP}U L LTWYLNV UV Y\YHS H[LUKLUKV HZ ZHZ ULJLZPKHKLZ LZWLJPÄJHZ L
PTW\SZHUKVVLTWYLNVUVPU[LYPVYKL.HSPJPH
9(]HSPHJP}UKHZWVSx[PJHZWISPJHZKLMVYTHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLNV
(J[P]HY\UWSHUKLH]HSPHJP}UKL7VSx[PJHZ7ISPJHZKL-VYTHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLNVLU[VKHZHZ
ZHZTVKHSPKHKLZJVHWHY[PJPWHJP}UKVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZHWVPHKVU\UZPZ[LTHKLPUMVYTHJP}U
PU[LNYHKVX\LJVU[LTWSH!
+LZLU]VS]LY\UYL_PZ[YVKLJLU[YVZKLMVYTHJP}UÅL_PISLm_PSLHJJLZPISL
,Z[HISLJLYUV]HZTLKPKHZKLJVU[YVSKHL_LJ\JP}UKHMVYTHJP}U
(-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSWHYHV,TWYLNV!0KLU[PÄJHJP}UKHZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZ
:LN\UKVH(_LUKHKL*VTWL[P[P]PKHKLVZZLJ[VYLZLZ[YH[t_PJVZULZ[HPUK\Z[YPHZVU!HNYVHSPTLU[HYPV
WYVK\[VZ KV THY L KH HJ\PJ\S[\YH H\[VTVJP}U LULY_xHZ YLUV]HISLZ THKLPYHMVYLZZ[HS UH]HSPUK\Z[YPH
THYx[PTHWLKYHUH[\YHS[t_[PSTVKH6ZZLJ[VYLZLTLY_LU[LZLKLHS[VWV[LUJPHSZVU!HLYVUm\[PJVHLYVLZ
WHJPHSPUK\Z[YPHKHZHKLLKVILULZ[HYIPV[LJUVSV_xHUV]VZTH[LYPHPZLJVPUK\Z[YPHL;PJ,UIHZLHPZ[V
HWYPVYPaHJP}UX\LZLMHPWHYHHVMLY[HKLMVYTHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLNVt!
,SLJ[YPJPKHKLLLSLJ[Y}UPJH
-HIYPJHJP}UTLJmUPJH
0UZ[HSHJP}ULTHU[LTLU[V
;YHUZWVY[LLTHU[LTLU[VKL]LOxJ\SVZ
,UYLSHJP}UHLZ[HZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZVZJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLPKLU[PÄJHKVZJVTV*LY[P
ÄJHKVZKL7YVMLZVUHSPKHKLKH0UK\Z[YPH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH!
Táboa 3. *LY[PÄJHKVZKL7YVMLZPVUHSPKHKLWYPVYPaHKVZ
&HUWLðFDGRGH3URIHVLRQDOLGDGH Código Prioridade Axenda
4VU[H_LWVZ[HLUZLY]PaVTHU[LTLU[VLPUZWLJJP}ULYL]PZP}U
,5(: (3;(
KLPUZ[HSHJP}UZYLJLW[VYHZLHWHYLSSVZKLNHZ
4HU[LTLU[VKVZZPZ[LTHZLStJ[YPJVZLLSLJ[Y}UPJVZKL]LOxJ\SVZ ;4=. (3;(
:VSKHK\YHJVULStJ[YVKVYL]LZ[PKVL;0. -4,* (3;(
4HU[LTLU[VKLLZ[Y\[\YHZKLJHYYVaHYxHZKL]LOxJ\SVZ ;4=3 4,+0(
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLPUMYHLZ[Y\[\YHZKL[LSLJVT\UPJHJP}UZ
,3,: (3;(
LULKPÄJPVZ
7PU[\YHKL]LOxJ\SVZ ;4=3 4,+0(
4LJHUPaHKVWVYHYYHUX\LKLSHIYH -4,/ (3;(
4VU[H_L L WVZ[H LU THYJOH KL ILUZ KL LX\PWHTLU[V L

-4,, (3;(
THX\PUHYPHPUK\Z[YPHS
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLZPZ[LTHZKVT}[PJVZLPUT}[PJVZ ,3,4 (3;(
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZMYPNVYxÄJHZ 04(9 (3;(
4HU[LTLU[VKVTV[VYLVZZL\ZZPZ[LTHZH\_PSPHYLZ ;4=. (3;(
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLZPZ[LTHZKL[LSLMVUxHLPUMYHLZ[Y\[\
,3,: (3;(
YHZKLYLKLZSVJHPZKLKH[VZ
4HU[LTLU[V KL ZPZ[LTHZ KL [YHUZTPZP}U KL MVYaH L [YLUZ KL
;4=. (3;(
YVKH_LKL]LOxJ\SVZH\[VT}IPSLZ
7HUHKLYxHLIVSSLYxH 05(- )(0?(
4HU[LTLU[VLTVU[H_LTLJmUPJHKLLX\PWHTLU[VPUK\Z[YPHS 04(8 (3;(
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLPUMYHLZ[Y\[\YHZKL[LSLJVT\UPJHJP}UZ
,3,: (3;(
LULKPÄJPVZ
4VU[H_L L THU[LTLU[V KL PUZ[HSHJP}UZ LStJ[YPJH KL IHP_H
,3,, (3;(
[LUZP}U
7YVK\JP}UJ\UxJ\SHPU[LUZP]H (.(. )(0?(
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZKLJSPTH[PaHJP}U
04(9 (3;(
L]LU[PSHJP}UL_[YHJJP}U
4VU[H_LLTHU[LTLU[VKLZPZ[LTHZKL[LSLMVUxHLPUMYHLZ[Y\[\
,3,: (3;(
YHZKLYLKLZSVJHPZKLKH[VZ
-mIYPJHLTVU[H_LKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZKL[\IHYPHPUK\Z[YPHS -4,* (3;(
Fonte:HKHW[HKVKL?\U[HKL.HSPJPH
+LUKLH*VUZLSSLYxHKL,JVUVTxH,TWYLNVL0UK\Z[YPHJVUZPKLYHZLX\LWHYHKHYYLZWVZ[HHZULJLZP
KHKLZ_\YKPKHZtWYLJPZVWVYLUTHYJOHHZZLN\PU[LZPUPJPH[P]HZ?\U[HKL.HSPJPH!
(UmSPZL KHZ ULJLZPKHKLZ MVYTH[P]HZ KVZ ZLJ[VYLZ LZ[YH[t_PJVZ LTLY_LU[LZ L KL HS[V WV[LUJPHS KH
(_LUKHKL*VTWL[P[P]PKHKL.HSPJPH0UK\Z[YPH®
;Ym[HZLKLSL]HYHJHIVLZ[\KVZWVYZLJ[VYLZWHYH[YH[LUKLKHYYLZWVZ[HmMVYTHJP}UKHZLTWYLZHZ
LTLSSVYHYHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKHZWLYZVHZ6VI_LJ[P]VWYPUJPWHStSL]HYHJHIV\UOHK\L[LJJP}UKLULJLZP
KHKLZWHYHHKHW[HYHZJHWHJPKHKLZHVZYLX\PYPTLU[VZKVUV]VTVKLSVPUK\Z[YPHS
+LZL|VKLJVU[PKVZMVYTH[P]VZHKHW[HKVZmZUV]HZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
;Ym[HZL KL KLZL|HY JVU[PKVZ MVYTH[P]VZ LUMVJHKVZ mZ OHIPSPKHKLZ ULJLZHYPHZ WHYH H HWSPJHJP}U KL
UV]HZ[LJUVSV_xHZLHVJV|LJLTLU[VKHMHIYPJHJP}UPU[LSP_LU[L
0TWSHU[HJP}UKLWSHUZKLMVYTHJP}ULZWLJxÄJVZ
;Ym[HZL KL JVTWSL[HY H MVYTHJP}U PTWHY[PKH H UP]LS ZLJ[VYPHS JVU WSHUZ KL MVYTHJP}U LZWLJxÄJV LU
0UK\Z[YPH
&RQFOXVLŉQV
*VTVILUPUKPJH7^*WL_PZ[L\Ucrecente desaxuste entre a capacitación de profe-

sionais e a demanda de estos debido mYHWPKLaKV cambio tecnolóxico e as principais tendencias que lle
afectan. ;HTtUZPUHSHUX\LH0UK\Z[YPHvai a provocar un crecemento da demanda de perfís multidis-
JPWSPUHYLZJ\UOHZ}SPKHIHZL[LJUVS}_PJHX\LZVWVY[LULÅL_PIPSPKHKLKHZLTWYLZHZHU[L\ULU[VYUVKL
hipercompetencia e constante cambio tecnolóxico.
,UIHZLHPZ[VH?\U[HKL.HSPJPHJVUZPKLYV\X\LVUVZV[LYYP[VYPVUVUWVKxHWLYTHULJLYWHZP]VHU[L
LZ[HZP[\HJP}ULKLJPKP\ZLWV|LYLUTHYJOHHJ[\HJP}Us JLU[YHKHZUVmTIP[VKVLTWYLNV*VUZLSSLYxHKL
,JVUVTxH,TWYLNVL0UK\Z[YPHLUHJ[\HSPaHYHMVYTHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLNVHU[PJPWHUKVUV]HZ[LUKLUJPHZ
UVZZLJ[VYLZLZ[YH[t_PJVZLWYVTV]LYHZHJJP}UZKLJHWHJP[HJP}ULLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UX\LYLX\PYHUmZWLY
ZVHZZVIYL[VKVHZKLTHUKHU[LZKLLTWYLNVPUJPKPKUVUHZX\LX\LWYLZLU[LUTHPVYLZKPÄJ\S[HKLZKL
PUZLYJP}U7HYHHJHKHYLZ[LVI_LJ[P]VJVUZPKLYHYVUX\LLYHWYLJPZVSL]HYHJHIV\UOHZLYPLKLWYVWVZ
[HZV\YLHSPaHJP}UZJLU[YHKHZUHHUmSPZLKHZULJLZPKHKLZKHX\LSLZZLJ[VYLZJVUZPKLYHKVZLZ[YH[t_PJVZ
KLZL|VKLJVU[PKVZHKHW[HKVZHLZ[HZULJLZPKHKLZLPTWSHU[HJP}UKLWSHUZKLMVYTHJP}ULZWLJxÄJVZ
7HYHÄUHSPaHYtPTWVY[HU[LPUKPJHYX\LWLZLHX\LtJLY[VX\LH0UK\Z[YPHt\UOHYLHSPKHKLmX\L
OHPX\LKHYYLZWVZ[HLZVIYLHX\L[YHIHSSHYHJ[P]HTLU[LUVUtTLUVZJLY[VX\L[HTWV\JVWVKLTVZ
KLP_HYKLSHKVLLZX\LJLYUVZKLV\[YVZZLJ[VYLZX\LWLZLHUVUWLY[LUJLYHLZ[HPUK\Z[YPHWVYZLYTmPZ
[YHKPJPVUHPZZVUPN\HSTLU[LPTWVY[HU[LZLULJLZHYPVZiKPJPY[HTWV\JVWVKLTVZPU]LY[PY[}KVSVZLZMVY
aVZUVZZLJ[VYLZJVUZPKLYHKVZLZ[YH[t_PJVZLKLP_HYPUKLMLUZVZHV\[YVZZLJ[VYLZ[HSLZJVTVVZLJ[VY
KHJVUZ[Y\JP}UV\VKLOVZ[HSHYxHL[\YPZTVX\LZLN\LUZLUKVKV\ZKVZWPHYLZX\LJVTWV|LUV[LJPKV
PUK\Z[YPHSNHSLNVLX\LPN\HSTLU[LZLN\LUKLTHUKHUKVTHUKLVIYHJ\HSPÄJHKH
9LMLYLUJPHZ
7^*0KLU[PÄJHJP}UKLSWVZPJPVUHTPLU[VKL.HSPJPHHU[LSVZU\L]VZYLX\LYPTPLU[VZJVTWL[LUJPHSLZ
ligados a la Industria 4.09LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!^^^PNHWLLZPTHNLZPUK\Z[YPHZRPSSZ(;*
:RPSSZ0.(7,0UK\Z[YPHWKM
7^* Nuevos requerimientos competenciales ligados a la Industria 4.0 en Galicia. 9LJ\WLYHKV
KL! O[[W!^^^PNHWLLZPTHNLZPUK\Z[YPHZRPSSZ:2033:569),9;6
7,5,+6WKM
?\U[HKL.HSPJPHSkills 4.0. Retos para a nova industria. Propostas en materia de formación. 9LJ\WL
YHKV KL! O[[W!^^^PNHWLLZPTHNLZPUK\Z[YPHZRPSSZ:2033:(3-65:6
4(956;,:WKM
Larissa Goulart
Rodrigues Cardoso
0UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ
Cursos Técnicos
KL*VTWVZ[LSH Integrados ao Ensino
António Florencio Rial Sánchez
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV Médio: Proposta de
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
Elena Fernandez Rey uma Formação Integral
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
,Z[L[YHIHSOV[LTJVTVVIQL[P]VKPZJ\[PYHMVYTHsqV
VMLYLJPKHUVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZPU[LNYHKVZHVLUZPUVTtKPV
KV0UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ0-.5LZZLZJ\YZVZVLZ[\
KHU[LYLJLIL\THLK\JHsqVImZPJHKLX\HSPKHKLX\LV
OHIPSP[HnJVU[PU\PKHKLKLZL\ZLZ[\KVZLTUx]LSZ\WLYPVY
L\THX\HSPÄJHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSUHmYLH[tJUPJHLZJVSOPKH
HÄTKLX\LZL[VYULTJPKHKqVZJHWHaLZKLH[\HYLPU[LY
]PYUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOVLTI\ZJHKHTH[LYPHSPaHsqVKL
\TH ZVJPLKHKL KLTVJYm[PJH L Q\Z[H (ZZPT JVUÄN\YHZL
H WYVWVZ[H KL \TH MVYTHsqV PU[LNYHS WLSV 0-. ;HS WYV
WVZ[HJVTWHYLJLLTKP]LYZVZKVJ\TLU[VZPUZ[P[\JPVUHPZ
[HPZJVTV7SHUVKL+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V0UZ[P[\JPVUHSL7YV
QL[VZ 7LKHN}NPJVZ KVZ *\YZVZ ;tJUPJVZ ,UJVU[YHTVZ
WVY[HU[VUV0-.\TLZWHsVWYVMxJ\VWHYHVKLZLU]VS]P
TLU[VO\THUVX\LZLKL]PKHTLU[LHWYV]LP[HKVOmKL
JVU[YPI\PYJVT[YHIHSOVKPNUVLLTWYLNVZ\Z[LU[m]LS
Palavras-chave: *\YZVZ ;tJUPJVZ 0U[LNYHKVZ HV
,UZPUV4tKPV"0-."-VYTHsqV0U[LNYHS
INTRODUÇÃO
5V KLIH[L WYVWVZ[V WLSV ¢ *VUNYLZZV 0U[LYUHJPV

UHS-VYTHsqVWHYHV;YHIHSOV¶5VY[LKL7VY[\NHS.HSPaH
ZVIYLVZLU[PKVZPNUPÄJHKVLVIQL[P]VZKHMVYTHsqV
WHYHV[YHIHSOVI\ZJHTVZJVU[YPI\PYHWYLZLU[HUKVHWYV
WVZ[H KL VMLY[H KL \TH MVYTHsqV PU[LNYHS WLSV 0UZ[P[\[V
-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ0-.WVYTLPVKL*\YZVZ;tJUPJVZ0U[L
NYHKVZHV,UZPUV4tKPV
,ZZLZLJVUZ[P[\PLT\TLZWHsVKLHJLZZVHVJVUOL
JPTLU[VJPLU[xÄJV[LJUVS}NPJVL[HTItTKLHÄYTHsqVKL
JPKHKHUPHLKLHX\PZPsqVKLMLYYHTLU[HZImZPJHZLHWYLU
KPaHNLUZLZZLUJPHPZWHYHH]PKHLWHYHV[YHIHSOV
O INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE GOIÁS
60UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL,K\JHsqV*PvUJPHL;LJUVSVNPH
KL.VPmZ0-.t\THPUZ[P[\PsqVKLLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS
ImZPJHLZ\WLYPVYWS\YPJ\YYPJ\SHYLT\S[PJoTW\ZLZWLJPHSP
aHKHUHVMLY[HKLLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSL[LJUVS}NPJHLT
KPMLYLU[LZTVKHSPKHKLZKLLUZPUV)YHZPSi\THPUZ[P[\PsqVWISPJHLNYH[\P[HJHYHJ[LYPaHKHJVTV
H\[HYX\PH MLKLYHS KL[LU[VYH KL H\[VUVTPH HKTPUPZ[YH[P]H WH[YPTVUPHS ÄUHUJLPYH KPKm[PJVWLKHN}NPJH L
KPZJPWSPUHYLX\PWHYHKHnZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZMLKLYHPZ
-VPJYPHKVWLSH3LP-LKLYHSU¢ KL KLKLaLTIYVKLHWHY[PYKH[YHUZMVYTHsqVKVZ
*LU[YVZ-LKLYHPZKL,K\JHsqV;LJUVS}NPJH*,-,;ZLT0UZ[P[\[VZ-LKLYHPZKL,K\JHsqV*PvUJPHL;LJ
UVSVNPH:\H[YHQL[}YPHOPZ[}YPJHHZZLTLSOHZLHZZPTHVZKLTHPZ0UZ[P[\[VZ-LKLYHPZX\L[P]LYHTPUxJPVUHZ
,ZJVSHZKL(WYLUKPaLZL(Y[xÄJLZJYPHKHZLT WLSVLU[qVWYLZPKLU[L5PSV7LsHUOH
(Z,ZJVSHZKL(WYLUKPaLZL(Y[xÄJLZ[PUOHTJVTVÄUHSPKHKLLK\JHJPVUHSMVYTHYVWLYmYPVZLJVU[YH
TLZ[YLZWVYTLPVKVJVUOLJPTLU[V[tJUPJVLWYm[PJVLUZPUHKVHVZTLUVYLZX\LX\PZLZZLTHWYLUKLY\T
VMxJPV,ZZLLUZPUVVJVYYPHLTVÄJPUHZKL[YHIHSOVZTHU\HPZV\TLJoUPJVZKLHJVYKVJVTVZPU[LYLZZLZ
KVLZ[HKVV\KHZPUKZ[YPHZ¶X\HUKVWHZZx]LPZKLJVUZ\S[H¶UVZSVJHPZLTX\LM\UJPVUH]HTHZLZJVSHZ
5VLU[HU[VVZVMxJPVZULSHZVMLYLJPKVZ¶THYJLUHYPHHSMHPH[HYPHLZHWH[HYPH¶ZL]VS[H]HTTHPZHVHY[LZH
UH[VKVX\LnTHU\MH[\YHYL]LSHUKV\TKPZ[HUJPHTLU[VKVZWYVW}ZP[VZPUK\Z[YPHSPZ[HZKLZL\ZJYPHKVYLZ
LKLZ\H]PUJ\SHsqVJVTV[YHIHSOVMHIYPS*\UOHH
( ,ZJVSH KL (WYLUKPaLZ L (Y[xÄJLZ KL .VPmZ MVYH M\UKHKH LT =PSH )VH JHWP[HS KV ,Z[HKV n tWVJH
H[\HSTLU[L *PKHKL KL .VPmZ :LN\UKV 4VYL`YH VZ VMxJPVZ VMLYLJPKVZ LYHT SPNHKVZ n WYm[PJH
HY[LZHUHS[HPZJVTV!ZLSLPYV[LSOLPYVJHSOLPYVWLKYLPYVLZHWH[LPYV
,T T\KV\ZLHJHWP[HSKV,Z[HKVLHLZJVSHMVYH[YHUZMLYPKHWHYHHUV]HJPKHKLWHZZHUKVH
UVTLHYZL,ZJVSH;tJUPJHKL.VPoUPH5LZZLTVTLU[VMVYHTJYPHKVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZUHmYLHPUK\Z[YPHS
(WHY[PYKH3LPU¢ HPUZ[P[\PsqVWHZZV\HJVUÄN\YHYZLJVTVH\[HYX\PHMLKLYHSWVYtTJVT
YLZ[YP[HH\[VUVTPHKPKm[PJHHKTPUPZ[YH[P]HLÄUHUJLPYH
+LZ[HY[LWVYTLPVKH3LPU¢ WHZZV\HKLUVTPUHYZL,ZJVSH;tJUPJH-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ
,Z[HZLVYNHUPaH]HLTX\H[YVTVKHSPKHKLZKLLUZPUV[tJUPJV!.PUmZPV0UK\Z[YPHS*VStNPV;tJUPJV0UK\Z[YPHS
VMLYLJPHVZJ\YZVZKL(NYPTLUZ\YH,KPÄJHsLZ,SL[YV[tJUPJHL,SL[YVTLJoUPJH(WYLUKPaHNLT0UK\Z[YPHS
LJ\YZVZPU[LUZP]VZKLWYLWHYHsqVKLTqVKLVIYHPUK\Z[YPHS5HKtJHKHKL MVYHTPTWSHU[HKVZVZ
J\YZVZKL4PULYHsqVL:HULHTLU[V"LUVZHUVZ VZJ\YZVZKL;LSLJVT\UPJHsLZL4LJoUPJH,T
H,ZJVSH;tJUPJH-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ[LTZ\HH[\HsqVHTWSPHKHJVTHJYPHsqVKH<UPKHKLKL,UZPUV
+LZJLU[YHSPaHKH<5,+KL1H[Hx:HU[VZ
*YLZJPTLU[V HPUKH THPVY ]LPV JVT H [YHUZPsqV WHYH *LU[YV -LKLYHS KL ,K\JHsqV ;LJUVS}NPJH KL
.VPmZ *,-,;.6 LT JVT H ]LY[PJHSPaHsqV KVZ Ux]LPZ KL LUZPUV WHZZHUKV H VMLY[HY [HTItT
J\YZVZZ\WLYPVYLZZVIYL[\KV[LJUVS}NPJVZILTJVTVKLZLU]VS]LYWLZX\PZHZLL_[LUZqV
5VHUVKL\THZLN\UKH<UPKHKLKL,UZPUV+LZJLU[YHSPaHKHMVYHJYPHKHUHJPKHKLKL0UO\THZ
H[YH]tZKV7YVNYHTHKL,_WHUZqVKH9LKL-LKLYHSKL,K\JHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS*PLU[xÄJHL;LJUVS}NPJH,T
JVU[PU\HsqVHVWYVQL[VUV]VZJoTW\ZMVYHTJYPHKVZ!0[\TIPHYHL<Y\Hs\LT"(UmWVSPZ-VYTVZHL
3\aPoUPHLT"(WHYLJPKHKL.VPoUPHL*PKHKLKL.VPmZLT".VPoUPH6LZ[L:LUHKVY*HULKV
ÍN\HZ3PUKHZL=HSWHYHxZVLT
60-.LT[VKVZVZZL\ZJoTW\ZVMLYLJLJ\YZVZLTKP]LYZVZUx]LPZLTVKHSPKHKLZ!J\YZVZ[tJUPJVZ
KLUx]LSTtKPV¶UHZMVYTHZ!PU[LNYHKVHVLUZPUVTtKPVZ\IZLXLU[LL,K\JHsqVKL1V]LUZL(K\S[VZ"
J\YZVZZ\WLYPVYLZ¶KL[LJUVSVNPHIHJOHYLSHKVZLSPJLUJPH[\YHZ"LZWLJPHSPaHsLZlato sensuTLZ[YHKVZ
HStTKLJ\YZVZKLL_[LUZqVKLTLUVYK\YHsqVJVTV7YVUH[LJMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKL[YHIHSOHKVYLZ
LKHJVT\UPKHKLL-0*-VYTHsqV0UPJPHSL*VU[PU\HKHLJ\YZVZKLLK\JHsqVnKPZ[oUJPH5LZZHZKP]LY
ZHZTVKHSPKHKLZLZVTHUKVVZJoTW\ZLTM\UJPVUHTLU[VV0-.H[LUKLH[\HSTLU[LTHPZKLTPS
HS\UVZ0-.ZK
OS CURSOS TÉCNICOS INTEGRADOS AO ENSINO MÉDIO
+LU[YL[VKHZLZZHZTVKHSPKHKLZKLJ\YZVZVMLY[HKVZWLSV0-.KLZ[HJHTVZVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZPU[L
NYHKVZHVLUZPUVTtKPVWLSHZJVU[YPI\PsLZX\LWVKLTVMLYLJLYWHYHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVNYHsHZ
nWYVWVZ[HKL\THMVYTHsqVPU[LNYHS,ZZLTVKVKLLUZPUVHSPHLK\JHsqVImZPJHKLUx]LSTtKPVHVLUZPUV
WYVÄZZPVUHS[LUKVLT]PZ[HHMVYTHsqVKLJPKHKqVZJHWHaLZKLH[\HYLPU[LY]PYUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOV
4PUPZ[YHYJ\YZVZULZZLUx]LSLTVKHSPKHKLKLLUZPUVJVUZ[P[\PZLLT\TKVZVIQL[P]VZKHPUZ[P[\PsqV
:\HZKPYL[YPaLZ]VS[HKHZnLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS[tJUPJHKLUx]LSTtKPV0-.LZ[HILSLJLTUHJVTV
WYPVYPKHKLKLVMLY[H;HTItTKLSPTP[HTLT[LYTVZKLVYNHUPaHsqVKVZJ\YZVZ!\THLZ[Y\[\YHJ\YYPJ\SHY
PUZ[P[\xKHLTYLNPTLZLYPHKVHU\HSJVTPUNYLZZVUVPUxJPVKLJHKHHUVSL[P]V"\THTH[YPaJ\YYPJ\SHYVYNH
UPaHKHWVYKPZJPWSPUHLJHYNHOVYmYPHPUMVYTHKHLTOVYHZ"KPTLUZPVUHTLU[VKL[\YTHZJVTHS\UVZUV
ato de ingresso no curso.
( MVYTHsqV HJHKvTPJH VMLYLJPKH t JVTWSLTLU[HKH WLSV ]PtZ KH WLZX\PZH LUX\HU[V Tt[VKV KL
LUZPUVLWYPUJxWPVWLKHN}NPJVKHHWYLUKPaHNLTLKHJVUZ[Y\sqVKVJVUOLJPTLU[VWH\[HKHZVIYL[\KV
LTWYVNYHTHZKLPUPJPHsqVJPLU[xÄJHL[LJUVS}NPJH70)0*L70)0;HStTKV,Z[mNPV:\WLY]PZPVUHKV¶JVTV
JVTWVULU[LJ\YYPJ\SHYVIYPNH[}YPV¶L([P]PKHKLZ*VTWSLTLU[HYLZ¶JVTJHYNHOVYmYPHTxUPTHVIYPNH[}YPH
KLOVYHZ0-.
( HY[PJ\SHsqV KVZ JVTWVULU[LZ J\YYPJ\SHYLZ KV LUZPUV TtKPV L KH LK\JHsqV WYVÄZZPVUHS KL]L ZLY
VYNHUPaHKHJVUMVYTLWYL]PZ[VUHZKPYL[YPaLZWHYHHLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS[tJUPJHKLUx]LSTtKPVUV7+0
0-.UVoTIP[VKLJHKHJ\YZVMVYTHSPaHKHUHZLTLU[HZKLKPZJPWSPUHZLLML[P]HKHWVYTLPVKL
HsLZLWYVQL[VZKLZLU]VS]PKVZWLSVZKPZJLU[LZZVIVYPLU[HsqVKVJLU[L
(ZLSLsqVKLJVU[LKVZUHLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS[tJUPJHKLUx]LSTtKPVUV0-.H[LUKLVZWYPUJxWPVZ
KPZWVZ[VZ UH 3LP KL +PYL[YPaLZ L )HZLZ KH ,K\JHsqV 5HJPVUHS 3LP U¢ H ZHILY! KPM\ZqV KL
]HSVYLZZVJPHPZImZPJVZKLYLZWLP[VHVV\[YVHVILTJVT\TLnVYKLTKLTVJYm[PJH"JVUZPKLYHsqVKHZ
JVUKPsLZKLLZJVSHYPKHKLKVZHS\UVZLTJHKHLZ[HILSLJPTLU[V"VYPLU[HsqVWHYHV[YHIHSOVLWYVTVsqV
KVKLZWVY[VLK\JHJPVUHS
(ZZPT[LUKVJVTVIHZL[VKVZLZZLZJYP[tYPVZHJPTHZqVVMLYLJPKVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZPU[LNYHKVZHV
LUZPUV TtKPV UV 0-. UHZ ZLN\PU[LZ mYLHZ! (NYVPUKZ[YPH *oTW\Z (WHYLJPKH KL .VPoUPH )PV[LJUVSV
NPH*oTW\Z-VYTVZH*VU[YVSL(TIPLU[HS*oTW\Z.VPoUPH,KPÄJHsLZ*oTW\Z(UmWVSPZ(WHYLJPKH
KL .VPoUPH *PKHKL KL .VPmZ .VPoUPH 1H[Hx 3\aPoUPH L <Y\Hs\ ,SL[YUPJH *oTW\Z .VPoUPH ,SL[YV
[tJUPJH *oTW\Z .VPoUPH 1H[Hx L 0[\TIPHYH 0UMVYTm[PJH *oTW\Z 0UO\THZ L <Y\Hs\ 0UMVYTm[PJH WHYH
0U[LYUL[*oTW\Z*PKHKLKL.VPmZ-VYTVZHL3\aPoUPH0UZ[Y\TLU[V4\ZPJHS*oTW\Z.VPoUPH4PULYH
sqV*oTW\Z.VPoUPH8\xTPJH*oTW\Z(WHYLJPKHKL.VPoUPH(UmWVSPZ0UO\THZ0[\TIPHYH3\aPoUPHL
<Y\Hs\L=PNPSoUJPHLT:HKL*oTW\ZÍN\HZ3PUKHZ
PROPOSTA DE FORMAÇÃO INTEGRAL
6IZLY]HTVZWVY[HU[VUHJVUZ[P[\PsqVKVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZPU[LNYHKVZHVLUZPUVTtKPVKV0-.\TH
WYVWVZ[HKLMVYTHsqVPU[LNYHSX\LYLZZHS[HMLYYHTLU[HZImZPJHZWHYHH]PKHLWHYHV[YHIHSOVHVI\ZJHY
\THMVYTHsqVTHPZJVTWSL[HX\LUqVZLYLZ[YPUNLn[YHUZMLYvUJPHKLJVUOLJPTLU[VJPLU[xÄJV[LJUVS}NPJV
,ZZLHZWLJ[VZLL]PKLUJPHUHZWVSx[PJHZLK\JHJPVUHPZL_WVZ[HZUV7SHUVKL+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V0UZ[P[\
JPVUHSKV0-.HZX\HPZLZ[HILSLJLTVZZLN\PU[LZVIQL[P]VZLTI\ZJHKLPUJYLTLU[HYHVMLY[HKLJ\YZVZ
[tJUPJVZPU[LNYHKVZHVLUZPUVTtKPV!
HTWSPHYHH[\HsqVPUZ[P[\JPVUHSUVH[LUKPTLU[VnLK\JHsqVImZPJHKLX\HSPKHKLWISPJHLNYH
[\P[H WHYH UV TxUPTV KV [V[HS KL ]HNHZ VMLY[HKHZ WVY [VKVZ VZ *oTW\Z KH 0UZ[P[\PsqV"
WYVWVYJPVUHY\THMVYTHsqVPU[LNYHSJVTHHY[PJ\SHsqVKVJVUOLJPTLU[VnWYm[PJHZVJPHSnZ
YLSHsLZKL[YHIHSOVLHVZWYVJLZZVZJPLU[xÄJVZL[LJUVS}NPJVZ"PU[LNYHYH[LVYPHnWYm[PJHUV
KVTxUPVKHZ[tJUPJHZKLWYVK\sqVUHZmYLHZKLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKVZJ\YZVZ"JVU[L_[\HSPaHY
HLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSHVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOVLnZ[YHUZMVYTHsLZ[tJUPJVJPLU[xÄJHZLHY[xZ[PJV
J\S[\YHPZ HIVYKHKHZ WLSHZ mYLHZ KL JVUOLJPTLU[V UH LK\JHsqV ImZPJH" MVYTHY KL THULPYH
PU[LNYHKH[tJUPJVZKLUx]LSTtKPVJVTJHWHJPKHKLKLPU[LY]LUsqVX\HSPÄJHKHUV[YHIHSOVLUH
]PKHWISPJH0-.W
(M\UsqVZVJPHSKV0-.YLMVYsHPN\HSTLU[LLZZLZWYLJLP[VZ\TH]LaX\LZLKLZ[PUHHTLKPHYHTWSPHY
LHWYVM\UKHYHMVYTHsqVPU[LNYHSVTUPSH[LYHSKLWYVÄZZPVUHPZJPKHKqVZX\LZLQHTJHWHaLZKLH[\HYL
PU[LY]PYUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOVLTI\ZJHKHTH[LYPHSPaHsqVKL\THZVJPLKHKLKLTVJYm[PJHLQ\Z[H¶ZVJPHS
LLJVUVTPJHTLU[L0-.
(ZWYm[PJHZLK\JH[P]HZUV0-.ZLWH\[HTLU[qVUVZZLN\PU[LZWYPUJxWPVZLU\UJPHKVZLTZL\7YVQL[V
7VSx[PJV7LKHN}NPJV0UZ[P[\JPVUHS770!PU[LNYHsqVLU[YLJVUOLJPTLU[VNLYHSLJVUOLJPTLU[VLZWLJxÄJV
[LVYPHLWYm[PJH"MVYTHsqV[tJUPJHL[LJUVS}NPJHX\LI\ZJHKLZLU]VS]LYHJHWHJPKHKLPU]LZ[PNH[P]HYLÅL
_P]HLJYx[PJH"MVYTHsqVImZPJHZ}SPKHLMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSHIYHUNLU[L¸JHWHJP[HUKVVJPKHKqVQV]LT
LHK\S[VKLTHULPYHH\[UVTHUHZ\HYLSHsqVJVTHZKLTHUKHZKLJVUOLJPTLU[VZVYP\UKVZUqVZ}KL
Z\HmYLHWYVÄZZPVUHSTHZ[HTItTKLZ\HYLSHsqVZVJPHS¹0-.W
iWYLJPZVSL]HYLTJVU[HX\LLZZLQV]LTV\HK\S[VLTMVYTHsqVLZ[mPUZLYPKVLT\THZVJPLKHKL
KPUoTPJHX\LSOLKLTHUKHLUX\HU[VWYVÄZZPVUHSOHIPSPKHKLZKLJVT\UPJHsqVYHJPVJxUPVS}NPJVMVYTHS
[YoUZP[V PU[LY L [YHUZKPZJPWSPUHY L JHWHJPKHKL KL [VTHY KLJPZLZ L KL [YHUZMLYPY ZHILYLZ HU[LYPVYLZ WHYH
ZP[\HsLZUV]HZ0-.

(StTKLZZLZHZWLJ[VZX\LZ[LZYLSHJPVUHKHZHV[YHIHSOV¶HX\HSPÄJHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSLVJV[PKPHUV
KV[YHIHSOHKVYHL_JS\ZqVWLSVKLZLTWYLNVHWYLJHYPaHsqVKHZJVUKPsLZKL[YHIHSOVL[J¶WYLJPZHTZLY
JVUZPKLYHKHZUHJVUZ[Y\sqVKHLK\JHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSL[LJUVS}NPJH
7HYHHLK\JHsqVJVT]PZ[HZnMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSL[LJUVS}NPJHV[YHIHSOVt\THJH[LNVYPHJLU
[YHSWHYHHJVTWYLLUZqVLHWYm[PJHLK\JH[P]H\UPÄJHKVnMVYTHsqVO\THUxZ[PJHLHY[xZ[PJVJ\S[\YHSX\L
LU]VS]L[VKHHMVYTHsqVHJHKvTPJHKVQV]LTLKVHK\S[V6[YHIHSOVtHMVYTHWHY[PJ\SHYKLWYVK\sqVKH
WY}WYPH]PKHO\THUHLLU]VS]LHJVUZ[Y\sqVKLTLPVZKLZ\IZPZ[vUJPHMxZPJHLJ\S[\YHSJVSVJHUKVZLLT
JVU[H[VJVTV\[YVZPUKP]xK\VZLUX\HU[VZLYZVJPHSJVTJVUZJPvUJPHKLZPKVZV\[YVZLKHZVJPLKHKL(
MVYTHsqVHJHKvTPJHLLZJVSHYULZZHWLYZWLJ[P]HWYLZZ\WLVYLJVUOLJPTLU[VLHL_PNvUJPHKV[YHIHSOV
JVTVS}J\ZKLWYVK\sqVKVJVUOLJPTLU[VLJVTVWYPUJxWPVLK\JH[P]V(LK\JHsqVPU[LNYHKHYLÅL[L\TH
JVUJLWsqV[L}YPJHM\UKHTLU[HKHLT\THVWsqVWVSx[PJHHKLVMLYLJLYHVLK\JHUKV\THMVYTHsqVX\L
JVU[YPI\HWHYHZ\HLTHUJPWHsqV0-.W
,ZZLZ WYPUJxWPVZ ]VS[HKVZ H \TH WYVWVZ[H KL MVYTHsqV PU[LNYHS JSHYHTLU[L L_WSxJP[VZ UV 7SHUV KL
+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V0UZ[P[\JPVUHSKV0-.JVTWHYLJLT[HTItTLTHSN\THTLKPKHUVZ7YVQL[VZ7LKHN}NP
JVZKVZ*\YZVZ;tJUPJVZ0U[LNYHKVZHV,UZPUV4tKPV
;VTHUKV JVTV L_LTWSV V 0-. ¶ *oTW\Z .VPoUPH ZP[\HKV UH JHWP[HS KV ,Z[HKV" V THPVY KVZ
JoTW\ZLT\THIYL]LHUmSPZLKVZ7YVQL[VZ7LKHN}NPJVZKVZZL[L*\YZVZ;tJUPJVZ0U[LNYHKVZHV,UZPUV
4tKPVHSPVMLY[HKVZVIZLY]HTVZX\LUV7YVQL[VKV*\YZVKL,SL[YV[tJUPJHTLUJPVUHH¸ULJLZZPKHKLKL
MVYTHsqVPU[LNYHSKVJPKHKqV¹"V\[YVZ7YVQL[VZ¶KVZ*\YZVZKL4PULYHsqV,SL[YUPJHL;LSLJVT\UPJHsLZ
¶YLZZHS[HTHPTWVY[oUJPHKHPU[LNYHsqVLU[YL[LVYPHLWYm[PJHLKHPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYPKHKL
67YVQL[V7LKHN}NPJVKV*\YZVKL,KPÄJHsLZHStTKLZHSPLU[HYHPU[LNYHsqV[LVYPHLWYm[PJHLHPU[LY
KPZJPWSPUHYPKHKLL_WLHYLSL]oUJPHKHMVYTHsqVKL\TZ\QLP[VH\[UVTV!¸HWYm[PJHLK\JH[P]H[HTItT
KL]LZLYLU[LUKPKHJVTV\TL_LYJxJPVJVUZ[HU[LLTMH]VYKHWYVK\sqVLKVJVUOLJPTLU[VKHH\[VUVTPH
KLLK\JHKVYLZLLK\JHUKVZJVU[YPI\PUKVWHYHX\LVHS\UVZLQHVHY[xÄJLKLZ\HMVYTHsqVJVTHHQ\KH
ULJLZZmYPHKVWYVMLZZVY¹+LZ[HJHHPUKHX\LHLK\JHsqVKL]LWVZZPIPSP[HY¸HVZHS\UVZLZ[HILSLJLYJVY
YLZWVUKvUJPHJVTV\[YVZJVUOLJPTLU[VZLJVTZ\HWY}WYPH]PKH¹YLZWLP[HUKVZLZL\ZPU[LYLZZLZLKL
sua comunidade.
67YVQL[V7LKHN}NPJVKV*\YZVKL*VU[YVSL(TIPLU[HSHWYLZLU[HVTLZTVWYLJLP[VKL\THWYm[PJH
LK\JH[P]H X\L JVU[YPI\H JVT H H\[VUVTPH KL LK\JHKVYLZ L LK\JHUKVZ +PZJ\[L H YLSL]oUJPH KL \TH
WVZ[\YHPU]LZ[PNH[P]HWVYWHY[LKVWYVMLZZVYLKL\THYLÅL_qVJYx[PJHZVIYLHWYm[PJH9LP[LYHX\L\TH
LK\JHsqVKLX\HSPKHKLKL]L¸LZ[HYLTZPU[VUPHJVTHZULJLZZPKHKLZHZL_WLJ[H[P]HZLHMVYTHsqVPU[L
NYHSKVHS\UVWYVJ\YHUKVH[LUKLYHVKLZHÄVKVUVZZVZPZ[LTHLK\JHJPVUHS![VYUHYWVZZx]LSH[VKVZVZ
KPZJLU[LZVHJLZZVHVZHILYnJ\S[\YHLnHY[L¹-PUHSTLU[LKLZ[HJHX\LHVMLY[HKVJ\YZV]PZHJVU[YPI\PY
¸WHYHMVYTHsqVKVWYVÄZZPVUHSJPKHKqVJVUZJPLU[LKVZKPYLP[VZLKL]LYLZUHZVJPLKHKLLTX\L]P]LLUV
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VZVJPVLJVUTPJVKVLZ[HKV¹
,ZZHPKtPHKLJVSHIVYHYWHYHMVYTHsqVKVWYVÄZZPVUHSJPKHKqVWLYWHZZH[HTItTV7YVQL[V7LKHN}
NPJVKV*\YZVKL0UZ[Y\TLU[V4\ZPJHS(WYLZLU[HVVIQL[P]VKLJVU[YPI\PYJVTHMVYTHsqVt[PJHWVSx[PJHL
J\S[\YHSKVZHS\UVZ"JVTZL\HWYPTVYHTLU[VJVTVWLZZVHO\THUH"VKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLZ\HH\[VUVTPH
PU[LSLJ[\HSLZL\WLUZHTLU[VJYx[PJV"LWVYÄTZ\HWYLWHYHsqVWHYHH[LUKLYnZKLTHUKHZKVT\UKVKV
[YHIHSOVLKHWYm[PJHZVJPHS
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
+PHU[LKL[VKVVL_WVZ[VVIZLY]HTVZX\LV0-.WVZZ\P\THWYVWVZ[HKLMVYTHsqVPU[LNYHSWVYTLPV
KVZJ\YZVZ[tJUPJVZPU[LNYHKVZHVLUZPUVTtKPV,ZZHWYVWVZ[HtJSHYHTLU[LLS\JPKHKHUVZKVJ\TLU[VZ
HUHSPZHKVZ¶V7SHUVKL+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V0UZ[P[\JPVUHSLVZ7YVQL[VZ7LKHN}NPJVZKVZ*\YZVZ;tJUPJVZ
0U[LNYHKVZKV*oTW\Z.VPoUPH
-PJH JSHYV WVY[HU[VX\L VZ WYPUJxWPVZ ÄSVZ}ÄJVZ L [L}YPJVTL[VKVS}NPJVZ X\L UVY[LPHT HZ WYm[PJHZ
HJHKvTPJHZKHPUZ[P[\PsqVHPTW\SZPVUHTWHYHHStTKL\THMVYTHsqVTLYHTLU[LWYVÄZZPVUHSTHZUV
ZLU[PKVKLJVU[YPI\PYJVTVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVKHX\LSLZX\LULSHI\ZJHTPUZ[Y\sqV+LZZHMVYTH
V0-.KPYLJPVUHZ\HMVYTHsqVUqVHWLUHZWHYHV[YHIHSOVTHZWHYHH]PKH
REFERÊNCIAS
)YHZPSLei nº 11.892, 29 de dezembro de 20080UZ[P[\PH9LKL-LKLYHSKL,K\JHsqVKL,K\JHsqV

7YVÄZZPVUHS*PLU[xÄJHL;LJUVS}NPJHJYPHVZ0UZ[P[\[VZ-LKLYHPZKL,K\JHsqV*PvUJPHL;LJUVSVNPHL
KmV\[YHZWYV]PKvUJPHZ)YHZxSPH!4,*
*\UOH 3 ( H 6 LUZPUV PUK\Z[YPHSTHU\MH[\YLPYV UV )YHZPS 9L]PZ[H )YHZPSLPYH KL ,K\JHsqV :qV
7H\SVUTHPQ\UQ\SHNV
0UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL.VPmZB0-.DPlano de Desenvolvimento Institucional – 2012 a 2016.VPoUPH!
(\[VY
0UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL.VPmZB0-.DZKUma instituição repleta de oportunidades.VPoUPH!(\[VY
4VYL`YH04,6T\UKVKV[YHIHSOVVLUZPUVWYVÄZZPVUHSLV*LML[.V+PZZLY[HsqV4LZ[YHKV
LT,K\JHsqV)YHZPSLPYH¶-HJ\SKHKLKL,K\JHsqVKH<UP]LYZPKHKL-LKLYHSKL.VPmZ.VPoUPH
:HU[VZ570UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL,K\JHsqV*PvUJPHL;LJUVSVNPHKL.VPmZ!<TWH[YPTUPVJ\S[\YHS
HZLY]HSVYPaHKV;YHIHSOVKL*VUJS\ZqVKL*\YZV*\YZV:\WLYPVYKL;LJUVSVNPHLT7SHULQHTLU[V
;\YxZ[PJV ¶ *VVYKLUHsqV KL ;\YZPTV L /VZWP[HSPKHKL KV +LWHY[HTLU[V KL ÍYLHZ (JHKvTPJHZ 0 KV
0UZ[P[\[V-LKLYHSKL,K\JHsqV*PvUJPHL;LJUVSVNPHKL.VPmZ.VPoUPH
Olaya Queiruga Santamaría
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
A inserción laboral
VSH`HX\LPY\NHZHU[HTHYPH'\ZJLZ
María Carmen Santos González
dunha acción formativa
KL*VTWVZ[LSH pertencente á Industria
TJHYTLUZHU[VZ'\ZJLZ
4.0: Estudo de caso
Resumo
(ZHJJP}UZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHYHVLTWYLNV
JVUMVYTHU\UKVZLSLTLU[VZTmPZZHSPLU[HISLZKHZWVSx
[PJHZ HJ[P]HZ KL LTWYLNV JVTV TLKPKH KL TLSSVYH KH
LTWYLNHIPSPKHKLKHZWLYZVHZKLZLTWYLNHKHZKLU[YVKH
,Z[YH[L_PH,\YVWLHKL,TWYLNVLHUP]LSLZ[H[HSKLU[YV
KV7SHU5HJPVUHSKL(JJP}UWHYHV,TWYLNV
67SHULZ[YH[t_PJVKL.HSPJPHHWYVIHKVLU
THPVKLWVSV7HYSHTLU[V.HSLNVÄ_HJVTVLP_L
H,TWYLNHIPSPKHKLLJYLJLTLU[VPU[LSP_LU[L®5LZ[LLP_L
LZ[HIStJLZLJVTVWYPVYPKHKLKLHJ[\HJP}UVH\TLU[VKH
LTWYLNHIPSPKHKLLWYVK\[P]PKHKLKHZWLYZVHZ[YHIHSSHKV
YHZ KL .HSPJPH H [YH]tZ KH MVYTHJP}U L PUUV]HJP}U JVUZ
[HU[LX\LHZH]LaTHYJHJVTV\UKVZZL\ZVI_LJ[P
]VZLZ[YH[t_PJVZV\WYPVYP[HYPVZ}KHTLSSVYHKHJHSPKHKLKH
MVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHYHVLTWYLNVLHKLTHPZJVTV
\UKVZLP_LZX\LHNY\WHVZVI_LJ[P]VZLZ[Y\[\YHPZVKH
MVYTHJP}ULVKHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLLTWYLNV
5LZ[H JVT\UPJHJP}U PTVZ WYLZLU[HY VZ KH[VZ KL
PUZLYJP}U L VJ\WHJP}U K\UOH HJJP}U MVYTH[P]H WLY[LU
JLU[LmPUK\Z[YPHWHYHHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKL¸,ULY_xH
LH\NH¹WLY[LUJLU[LHmYLHWYVMLZPVUHSKLLULY_xHZYLUV
]HISLZ;Ym[HZLK\UOHHJJP}UMVYTH[P]HPTWHY[PKHH[YH]tZ
KV7SHU(-+UVJVUJLSSVKL;LVWLY[LUJLU[LmJVTHYJH
KL:HU[PHNVUHJVU]VJH[VYPHJVYYLZWVUKLU[L}HUV
1. Introdución
;HSLJVTVPUKPJHTVZ[YH[HYLTVZKLHUHSPaHYVKLZLU
]VS]LTLU[V KH JHYYLPYH WYVMLZPVUHS KVZ [YHIHSSHKVYLZ KH
MHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKL,ULY_xHLH\NHJVUJYL[HTLU[LKH
LZWLJPHSPKHKLMVYTH[P]HJVUK\JLU[LmVI[LUJP}UKLJLY[P
ÄJHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLENAE0208 Montaxe e mante-
mento de instalacións solares térmicas.
;Ym[HZL K\UOH LZWLJPHSPKHKL MVYTH[P]H KL UP]LS KL
J\HSPÄJHJP}UtKPJPY[LUJVTVYLX\PZP[VKLHJJLZVX\L
VHS\TUHKVJVU[LJVH,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH6IYPNH[VYPH
V\V\[YHZ[P[\SHJP}UZLX\P]HSLU[LZ7LY[LUJLU[LmmYLHWYV
MLZPVUHSKLLULY_xHZYLUV]HISLZLHK\YHJP}UKHMVYTHJP}U
HZVJPHKHtKLOVYHZ
(JVTWL[LUJPH_LYHSX\LZLHKX\PYLH[YH]tZKHYLHSP
aHJP}UZH[PZMHJ[VYPHKLZ[LJLY[PÄJHKVtKPJPY[YHSHZ\WLYH
JP}UKL[}KVSVZT}K\SVZMVYTH[P]VZX\LJVUÄN\YHULZ[L
JLY[PÄJHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLtZHILYYLHSPaHYHTVU[H_L
WVZ[HLUZLY]PaVVWLYHJP}ULTHU[LTLU[VKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZ
ZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZJVHJHSPKHKLLZLN\YPKHKLYLX\PYPKHZLJ\TWYPUKVHUVYTH[P]H]P_LU[L
(Z<UPKHKLZKL*VTWL[LUJPH<*X\LJVUÄN\YHULZ[LJLY[PÄJHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLZVUHZZLN\PU
[LZ!
%<*F!9LWSHU[LHYPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZ
%<*F!4VU[HYJHW[HKVYLZLX\PWVZLJPYJ\x[VZOPKYm\SPJVZKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZ
%<*F!4VU[HYJPYJ\x[VZLLX\PWVZLStJ[YPJVZKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZ
%<*F!7V|LYLUZLY]PaVLVWLYHYPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZ
%<*F!4HU[LYPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZ
<UOH]LaYLTH[HKHJVUt_P[VHMVYTHJP}UWVKLUKLZLU]VS]LYHZHHJ[P]PKHKLWYVMLZPVUHSUHZWLX\L
UHZTLKPHUHZLNYHUKLZLTWYLZHZWISPJHZV\WYP]HKHZKLKPJHKHZHYLHSPaHYHTVU[H_LHL_WSV[HJP}UL
VTHU[LTLU[VKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZWHYHHWYVK\JP}UKLH\NHX\LU[LZHUP[HYPHV\WHYHVHWVPV
HZPZ[LTHZKLJHSLMHJJP}ULV\[YVZ\ZVZ
:P[HZLUVZLJ[VYLULY_t[PJVZ\IZLJ[VYKLLULY_xHZYLUV]HISLZUHZHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVK\[P]HZLUX\L
ZLYLHSPaHHTVU[H_LHL_WSV[HJP}ULVTHU[LTLU[VKLPUZ[HSHJP}UZZVSHYLZ[tYTPJHZWHYHHWYVK\JP}UKL
H\NHX\LU[LZHUP[HYPHV\WHYHVHWVPVHZPZ[LTHZKLJHSLMHJJP}ULV\[YVZ\ZVZ
2. Método
1.1. Características da mostra
(Z JVU]VJH[VYPHZ X\L HX\x HUHSPaHTVZ ZVU [YLZ HZ JHSLZ JVYYLZWVUKLU HVZ J\YZVZ PTWHY[PKVZ UVZ
HUVZL
6UTLYVKLJ\YZVZPTWHY[PKVZUHJVTHYJHKL:HU[PHNVUHZJVU]VJH[VYPHZX\LHIHYJHUVWLYxVKV
[LTWVYHSWHYHLZ[HLZWLJPHSPKHKLtKLJH[YV!\ULU\ULULKV\ZLU(UVZH
TVZ[YHJVTWVUZLKL[YLZ!\UKL\UKLL\UKL
*UÀðFD 7VIVHJP}ULTVZ[YH
7HY[PUKV KV Z\WVZ[V KL X\L [}KVSVZ J\YZVZ JVU[HZLU JV UTLYV Tm_PTV KL HS\TUVZ HKTP[PKVZ
t KPJPY HS\TUVZHZ H WVIVHJP}U LU JHU[V H HS\TUHKV ZLYxH KL HS\TUVZHZ 6 UTLYV [V[HS KL
HS\TUHKVX\LJVTW}UHUVZHTVZ[YHKLHS\TUHKVtKL5HZLN\PU[L[mIVHW}KLZL]LYVUTLYVKL
HS\TUHKVWHY[PJPWHU[LLUJHKHJVU]VJH[VYPH!
Táboa 1. +PZ[YPI\JP}UKH7VIVHJP}ULHTVZ[YHWVYJVU]VJH[VYPHZ
2013 2014 2016 Total

Poboación
Mostra
7HYHHHWSPJHJP}UKVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKLH]HSPHJP}UKHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSKVHS\TUHKVJVU[HJ[HTVZJVZ
HS\TUVZLHS\TUHZWHZHKVZZLPZTLZLZKLUKLVYLTH[LKHMVYTHJP}U6ZTLKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}UWHYH
HJVYKHYHHWSPJHJP}UKVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVMVYVUV[LStMVUVLVJVYYLVLSLJ[Y}UPJV
+PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHZLN\UKVZL_V
5HZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHWVKLTVZ]LYHKPZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHWVYZL_VVUKL]LTVZX\LHTHPVYxHZVU
OVTLZJVU[HUKVJ\UOHYLWYLZLU[HJP}UKV
*UÀðFD +PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHWVYZL_V
+PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHZLN\UKVPKHKL
*VTVWVKLTVZVIZLY]HYUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHVYHUNVKLPKHKLX\LWYLKVTPUHtKLHHUVZ
J\UOHYLWYLZLU[HJP}UKV
*UÀðFD+PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHWVYYHUNVKLPKHKL
+PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHZLN\UKVUP]LSKLLZ[\KVZKLHJJLZVHVJ\YZV
,UJHU[VHVZLZ[\KVZKLTHPVYUP]LSJVZX\LHJJLKLU}J\YZVJVTV]LTVZUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHH
THPVYxHJVU[HUJVH,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH6IYPNH[VYPHV\J\U[x[\SVKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKL
NYHVTLKPVV\LX\P]HSLU[L
*UÀðFD ,Z[\KVZWYL]PVZKLTHPVYUP]LSJVZX\LHJJLKLUmMVYTHJP}U
+V[V[HSKHTVZ[YHZVHTLU[LVJVU[HIHJVUMVYTHJP}UWYL]PHMVYTHSLV\UVUMVYTHSYLSH
JPVUHKHJVHLZWLJPHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKH
*UÀðFD -VYTHJP}UWYL]PHYLSHJPVUHKHJVHLZWLJPHSPKHKLMVYTH[P]HJ\YZHKH
6 PUKPJV\X\LJVU[HIHJVUMVYTHJP}UWYL]PHMVYTHSLV\UVUMVYTHSUVUYLSHJPVUHKHJVH

LZWLJPHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKH
*UÀðFD -VYTHJP}UWYL]PHUVUYLSHJPVUHKHJVHLZWLJPHSPKHKLMVYTH[P]HJ\YZHKH
+PZ[YPI\JP}UKHTVZ[YHZLN\UKVVZYLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZÄUHPZ
*VTV WVKLTVZ ]LY UH ZLN\PU[L NYmÄJH H THPVYxH KV HS\TUHKV MVP JVUZPKLYHKV HW[V LU
[}KVSVZT}K\SVZX\LJVUÄN\YHUHLZWLJPHSPKHKLMVYTH[P]HYLHSPaHKVWVSVX\LW\PKLYVUZVSPJP[HYVJLY[PÄ
JHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKL\UOH]LaYLTH[HKV
*UÀðFD 9LZ\S[HKVKVJ\YZVLU[LYTVZKLHW[VUVUHW[V
3. Inserción laboral do alumnado
7HYH]HSVYHYHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSPTVZ[LYLUJVU[HHZJVUKPJP}UZX\LZLKL[LYTPUHUUHUVYTH[P]HX\L
YLN\SHV7SHU(-+HY[PNV7YVJLKLTLU[VJHUKVMHSHUKVJVTWYVTPZVKLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSLZ[HISLJLUKV
VX\LJVUZPKLYHUL]HSVYHUJVTVPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS,Z[HZJVUKPJP}UZZVUHZZLN\PU[LZ!
·(PUZLYJP}UKLILYZLYWVY\UWLYxVKVTxUPTVKLTLZLZH_VYUHKHJVTWSL[HV\[LTWVLX\P]HSLU[L
UVJHZVKLX\LUVUZL_HH_VYUHKHJVTWSL[H
·(PUZLYJP}UKLZLYU\UOHVJ\WHJP}UYLSHJPVUHKHJVHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSmX\LWLY[LUJLHLZWLJPH
SPKHKLPTWHY[PKH
;HTtUPUKPJHUX\LUVUZLJVUZPKLYHPUZLYJP}UHZIHP_HZWVYJVSVJHJP}UX\L[P]LZLUS\NHYHVSVUNVKV
J\YZVZHS]VX\LVHS\TUVV\HS\TUHYLTH[HZL[VKHHMVYTHJP}U[L}YPJH
(KLTHPZKLWYLZLU[HYVZKH[VZYLMLYPKVZmPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSPTVZWYLZLU[HY[HTtUVZKH[VZYLMLYPKVZ
mVJ\WHJP}USHIVYHS5VJVU[L_[VKLZ[L[YHIHSSVPTVZMHSHYKLVJ\WHJP}USHIVYHSWHYHYLMLYPYUVZHHX\LS
HS\TUHKVX\LZLH[VWHJVU[YH[HKVPUKLWLUKLU[LTLU[LKHK\YHJP}UKVJVU[YH[VLKLZLHVJ\WHJP}U
KLZLTWL|HKHNHYKHYLSHJP}UJVHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSmX\LWLY[LUJLHLZWLJPHSPKHKLJ\YZHKH
6TV[P]VWVSVJHSWYLZLU[HTVZHTIVZKH[VZtWHYHWVKLYKLTVZ[YHYHTVKVJVTWHYH[P]VHZKPML
YLUaHZLUJHU[VHYLZ\S[HKVZ
3.1. Resultados
5VTVTLU[VLUX\LMVPWHZHKVVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVVYLZ\S[HKVNSVIHSKLHS\TUHKVVJ\WHKVJVTVWVKL
TVZ]LYUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHtTVPLSL]HKH
*UÀðFD 6J\WHJP}USHIVYHS
+VHS\TUHKVVJ\WHKVJVTV]LTVZUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHHSNVTmPZKHTL[HKL KLZLTWL|H
\UOHVJ\WHJP}UYLSHJPVUHKHJVJLY[PÄJHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKV
*UÀðFD 9LSHJP}ULU[YLHVJ\WHJP}ULV*LY[PÄJHKVKL7YVMLZPVUHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKV
:LULTIHYNVJVTV]LTVZUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHKL[VKVVHS\TUHKVVJ\WHKVZVHTLU[LJVTWYLU
VZYLX\PZP[VZKLPUZLYJP}UVJHSYLWYLZLU[HKVHS\TUHKVX\LJVTW}UHTVZ[YH
.YmÄJH(S\TUHKVPUZLYPKV
6ZZLPZHS\TUVZX\LZLH[VWHUPUZLYPKVZZVUOVTLZ5VUZLUKVUPUNUKLSLZJVU[YH[HKVUHLTWYLZH
UHJHSYLHSPaV\V4}K\SVKL-VYTHJP}U7YmJ[PJHLU*LU[YVZKL;YHIHSSV:LULTIHYNV[VKVZLSLZPUKPJHU
X\LHZHVJ\WHJP}ULZ[mYLSHJPVUHKHJVHLZWLJPHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKHX\LJVTV]PTVZLYHYLX\PZP[VULJLZHYPV
WHYHJVUZPKLYHSVPUZLYJP}UL[HTtUHÄYTHUX\LHZZHZM\UJP}UZZLH_\Z[HUmMVYTHJP}UYLJPIPKH
7VYV\[YHWHY[LVKVHS\TUHKVPUZLYPKV_HJVU[HIHJVUL_WLYPLUJPHSHIVYHSUVZLJ[VYHVX\L
WLY[LUJLHLZWLJPHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKH
.YmÄJH(_\Z[LLU[YLHZM\UJP}UKLZLTWL|HKHZLHMVYTHJP}UYLJPIPKH
( [V[HSPKHKL KV HS\TUHKV PUZLYPKV JVU[HIH HKLTHPZ JVU L_WLYPLUJPH SHIVYHS UVU YLSHJPVUHKH JVH
LZWLJPHSPKHKLYLHSPaHKH
6KVHS\TUHKVPUZLYPKV[YHIHSSHWVYJVU[HHSSLH5VTVTLU[VLUX\LMVYVUHWSPJHKVZVZJ\LZ
[PVUHYPVZVJVU[HIHJ\UJVU[YH[VKLLU[YLZLPZLKVJLTLZLZLVJVU[HIHJ\UJVU
trato de entre un ano e dous.
.YmÄJH+\YHJP}UKVJVU[YH[VKVHS\TUHKVPUZLYPKV
9LZWLJ[VHVZL\[PWVKLJVU[YH[VVKLSLZLZ[mJVU[YH[HKVH_VYUHKHJVTWSL[HLV
HTLKPH_VYUHKH
*UÀðFD ?VYUHKHSHIVYHSKVHS\TUHKVPUZLYPKV
(U[L H J\LZ[P}U UH X\L ZL SSLZ WYLN\U[HIH ZVIYL H ZH ZH[PZMHJJP}U SHIVYHS V PUKPJV\ X\L
LZ[HIHTVPZH[PZMLP[VJVHZHVJ\WHJP}ULVPUKPJV\X\LLZ[HIHZH[PZMLP[V
*UÀðFD :H[PZMHJJP}USHIVYHSKVHS\TUHKVPUZLYPKV
6 HS\TUHKV X\L J\YZV\ LZ[H LZWLJPHSPKHKL MVYTH[P]H X\L ZL H[VWH KLZLTWYLNHKV YLWYLZLU[H V

6ZYLZ\S[HKVZLUJHU[VHV[LTWVX\LSL]HIHULUZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWYLNVJHUKVYLZWVUKLYVUHV
J\LZ[PVUHYPVZVUVZX\LZLTVZ[YHUUHZLN\PU[LNYmÄJH*VTVWVKLTVZVIZLY]HYVSL]HLU[YLZLPZ
LKVJLTLZLZKLZLTWYLNHKVVSL]HTmPZKLKVJLTLZLZLVSL]HTLUVZKLZLPZTLZLZ
LUZP[\HJP}UKLKLZLTWYLNV
*UÀðFD (S\TUHKVKLZLTWYLNHKV![LTWVLUKLZLTWYLNV

5HZLN\PU[LNYmÄJHWVKLTVZ]LYHTVKVJVTWHYH[P]VHL]VS\JP}UKVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLVJ\WHJP}UL
PUZLYJP}UHVSVUNVKHZJVU]VJH[VYPHZVI_LJ[VKLLZ[\KV!
*UÀðFD *VTWHYH[P]HLUYLSHJP}UHL]VS\JP}UHVSVUNVKHZJVU]VJH[VYPHZ!
HS\TUHKVPUZLY[HKVLHS\TUHKVVJ\WHKV
4. Conclusións
*VTVHJHIHTVZKL]LYVZKH[VZYLMLYPKVZmVJ\WHJP}ULmPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSKPÄYLUIHZ[HU[LVJHS
WVKLTVZPU[LYWYL[HYX\LPZ[VZLKLILmLZP_LUJPHKVZYLX\PZP[VZMVYT\SHKVZWHYHHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS
(PUZLYJP}USHIVYHSLULYHU\SHL]VS\JPVUHUKVSLU[HTLU[LUVZZLN\PU[LZHUVZZLULTIHYNVH
VJ\WHJP}UKVMVPIHZ[HU[LZH[PZMHJ[VYPHHWLZHYKHJYPZLX\LLZ[mIHTVZH]P]PYLUWYHJ[PJHTLU[L[VKVZVZ
ZLJ[VYLZWYVK\[P]VZ
7VYV\[YHWHY[LWVKLTVZKPJPYX\LHTHPVYxHKVHS\TUHKVVJ\WHKVKLZLTWL|H\UOHWYVMLZP}UYLSH
JPVUHKHJVHLZWLJPHSPKHKLJ\YZHKHHxUKHX\LVZJVU[YH[VZUVUZVUKLSVUNHK\YHJP}U_HX\LHK\YHJP}U
KLJVU[YH[VULZ[LZLJ[VYJHYHJ[LYxaHZLWVYJVU[YH[VZKLVIYHLZLY]PaViKPJPYJVU[YH[VZKLZJVU[PU\VZUVZ
X\LHZHK\YHJP}ULZ[mKL[LYTPUHKHWVSHHTWSP[\KLKHVIYHHL_LJ\[HY(WLZHYKPZ[VVHS\TUHKVX\L
LZ[mPUZLYPKVSHIVYHSTLU[LZxU[LZLZH[PZMLP[VJVZL\[YHIHSSV
:LU LTIHYNV WVKLTVZ JVUJS\xY X\L H (JJP}U -VYTH[P]H KLZLTWL|V\ \U WHWLS M\UKHTLU[HS UH
LTWYLNHIPSPKHKLKHZWLYZVHZX\LHYLHSPaHYVUWLYVKLZ[HJHY[HTtUX\LHZLTWYLZHZUHZJHSLZYLHSPaHU
HZWYmJ[PJHZUVUWHYLJLUTVZ[YHYNYHUPU[LYLZLWVYJVU[YH[HYHVHS\TUHKVHVJHSMVYTHYVUVJHSUVZMHP
YLÅL_PVUHYJHYHVM\[\YVLPUKHNHYUHYHa}UWVSHJHSZLLZ[mKHUKVLZ[HJPYJ\UZ[HUJPH
Referencias
6YKLUKLKLQ\UPVKLWVYSHX\LZLLZ[HISLJLUSHZIHZLZYLN\SHKVYHZ`ZLWYVJLKLHSHJVU]V
JH[VYPH KL Z\I]LUJPVULZ WHYH SH JVUJLZP}U KPYLJ[H KL ILJHZ ` H`\KHZ WHYH WLYZVUHZ [YHIHQHKVYHZ
KLZLTWSLHKHZX\LWHY[PJPWLULUHJJPVULZMVYTH[P]HZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHYHLSLTWSLVJVYYLZ
WVUKPLU[LZHSLQLYJPJPVKLJ}KPNVKLWYVJLKPTPLU[V;9=+6.®UTKL
6YKLU,:: KLKLVJ[\IYLWVYSHX\LZLKLZHYYVSSHLS9LHS+LJYL[VKLKL
LULYVWVYLSX\LZLYLN\SHUSVZJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHK`SVZYLHSLZKLJYL[VZWVYSVZX\LZL
LZ[HISLJLUJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKKPJ[HKVZLUZ\HWSPJHJP}U)6,®UT KL
7SHU LZ[YH[tNPJV KL .HSPJPH 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[W!^^^WSHULZ[YH[L_PJVNHSKVJ\TLU[Z
7,.7YLZLU[HJPVUJHZWKMMHILII
KILLLJ-LJOHKLJVUZ\S[H
7YVNYHTHJP}U(-+¶*VY\|H(9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!LTWYLNVJLLP_\U[HNHSL_WVY[ZP[LZKLMH\S[
)PISPV[LJH+VJ\TLU[VZ*VU[PKVZF,Z[HUKHYMVYTHJPVUFLFJ\HSPMPJHJPVUZHMKHMK*VY\UHWKM
-LJOHKLJVUZ\S[H
-LJOHKLJVUZ\S[H
-LJOHKLJVUZ\S[H
-LJOHKLJVUZ\S[H
9LHS+LJYL[V KLKLUV]PLTIYLWVYLSX\LZLLZ[HISLJLUJ\H[YVJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSP
KHKKLSHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKLLULYNxH`HN\HX\LZLPUJS\`LULULS9LWLY[VYPV5HJPVUHSKLJLY[PÄJHKVZ
KLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHK)6,®UTKL
9LHS+LJYL[V KLKLTHYaVWVYLSX\LZLYLN\SHLSZ\IZPZ[LTHKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHYH
LSLTWSLV)6,®UTKL
9LHS+LJYL[VKLKLHNVZ[VWVYLSX\LZLLZ[HISLJL\UJLY[PÄJHKVKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKKLSH
MHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHS,ULYNxH`HN\HX\LZLPUJS\`LLULS9LWLY[VYPV5HJPVUHSKLJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPV
UHSPKHK`ZLHJ[\HSPaHUSVZJLY[PÄJHKVZKLWYVMLZPVUHSPKHKLZ[HISLJPKVZJVTVHUL_V0KLS9LHS+LJYL[V
KLKLUV]PLTIYL`JVTVHUL_V0KLS9LHS+LJYL[VKLKLHNVZ[V)6,®
UT KL
M. Carmen Sarceda-Gorgoso
+LWHY[HTLU[VKL7LKHNVNxH
`+PKmJ[PJH<:*
De 1911 A 2013:
JHYTLUZHYJLKH'\ZJLZ
Mari Carmen Caldeiro-Pedreira
Una Revisión de la
`+PKmJ[PJH<:* Legislación en
TJHYTLUJHSKLPYV'\ZJLZ
M. Luisa Rodicio-García, Materia de Formación
+W[V+PKmJ[PJHZ,ZWLJxÄJHZ
`4t[VKVZKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U`
+PHNU}Z[PJVLU,K\JHJP}U<+*
Profesional
TYVKPJPV'\KJLZ
From 1911 to 2013:
A Review of the
Legislation on
Vocational Training
RESUMEN
,Z[L[YHIHQVWYVM\UKPaH[VTHUKVJVTVYLMLYLUJPHLS
THYJV UVYTH[P]V ` SLNPZSH[P]V LU SH L]VS\JP}U KL SH -VY
THJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS LU SVZ ZPNSVZ ?? ` ??0 WHY[PLUKV KLS
H|V OHZ[H3HTL[VKVSVNxHLTWSLHKHZLIHZH
LU \U HUmSPZPZ KL JVU[LUPKV KL SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ KPZWVZPJPV
ULZSLNHSLZX\LYLN\SHYVULSZ\IZPZ[LTHKLSH-VYTHJP}U
7YVMLZPVUHS YLNSHKH ,S KLZHYYVSSV KLS [YHIHQV ZL WYLZLU[H
WHY[PLUKV KL \UH PU[YVK\JJP}U UVYTH[P]H JVU \UH JVU
[L_[\HSPaHJP}UOPZ[}YPJHÌYL]LKLZJYPWJP}UKLSVZTHYJVZ
SLNHSLZ LU IHZL H JH[LNVYxHZ ZLSLJJPVUHKHZ ÄUHSPaHUKV
JVU \U HUmSPZPZ JVTWHYH[P]V KL SH UVYTH[P]H ]PUJ\SHKH H
LZ[HWHY[LKLSHMVYTHJP}U,Z[VWLYTP[PYmHWYV_PTHYZLH
SHZWLJ\SPHYPKHKLZKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLUKPMLYLU
[LZTVTLU[VZZ\JVUJLWJP}UZVJPHS`HSVZÄULZX\LZLSL
H[YPI\`LU`X\LKLYP]HULU\UKL[LYTPUHKVTVKLSVVYNHUP
aH[P]VKLLZ[HMVYTHJP}U,Z[HHWVY[HJP}UKLHYN\TLU[VZ
[L}YPJVZ IHZHKVZ LU SV X\L KPJ[HU SHZ SL`LZ VMYLJL \UH
WLYZWLJ[P]HOPZ[}YPJHKLSHUVYTH[P]HWHYHWVZPISLZPU[LY
]LUJPVULZVYLÅL_PVULZX\LJ\HSX\PLYWLYZVUHVPUZ[P[\JP}U
X\PLYHOHJLYWHYHSHTLQVYHKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
Palabras clave: -VYTHJPVUWYVMLZPVUHSLZ[\KPVZKL
SH MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS VYNHUPaHJP}U KL SH MVYTHJP}U
WYVMLZPVUHS
ABSTRACT
;OPZ^VYRKLLWLUZ[HRPUNHZHYLMLYLUJL[OLYLN\SH[VY`HUKSLNPZSH[P]LMYHTL^VYRPU[OLKL]LSVWTLU[
VM]VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUNPU[OL[OHUKZ[JLU[\YPLZZ[HY[PUNMYVT[OL`LHY \U[PS;OLTL[OVKV
SVN`\ZLKPZIHZLKVUHJVU[LU[HUHS`ZPZVM[OLKPќLYLU[SLNHSWYV]PZPVUZÔPJOYLN\SH[LKYLN\SH[LK]VJH[PV
UHS[YHPUPUNZ\IZ`Z[LT;OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL^VYRPZWYLZLU[LKVU[OLIHZPZVMHZ[HUKHYKPU[YVK\J[PVU
^P[OHOPZ[VYPJHSJVU[L_[\HSPaH[PVUHUKIYPLMKLZJYPW[PVUVMSLNHSMYHTL^VYRZVU[OLIHZPZVMZLSLJ[LKJH[L
NVYPLZLUKPUN^P[OHJVTWHYH[P]LHUHS`ZPZVM[OLSLNPZSH[PVUYLSH[LK[V[OPZWHY[VM[OL[YHPUPUN;OPZHSSV^Z
HWWYVHJOPUN[OLWLJ\SPHYP[PLZVM]VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUNH[KPќLYLU[[PTLZOPZJVUJLW[PVUMVY[OLW\YWVZLZÔPJO
HYL H[[YPI\[LK [V OPT HUK ÔPJO KLYP]L PU H WHY[PJ\SHY VYNHUPZH[PVUHS TVKLS VM [OPZ MVYTH[PVU HUK ZVJPHS
;OPZJVU[YPI\[PVUVM[OLVYL[PJHSHYN\TLU[ZIHZLKVUÔPJOKPJ[H[L[OLSH^ZVќLYZHOPZ[VYPJHSWLYZWLJ[P]L
VM[OLYLN\SH[PVUZMVYWVZZPISLPU[LY]LU[PVUZVYYLÅLJ[PVUZ[OH[HU`WLYZVUVYPUZ[P[\[PVU^HU[Z[VKVMVY[OL
PTWYV]LTLU[VM]VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUN
Key words: =VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUNKVTHPUZWLJPÄJYLZLHYJOPU]VJH[PVUHSLK\JH[PVUKLZPNUVM]VJH[PVUHS
education.
Introducción
:VUT\JOVZSVZX\LZP[HULSMVJVKLKLIH[LLUSHSLNPZSHJP}ULK\JH[P]H`LUSHZJVUZPN\PLU[LZWVSx[PJHZ
KLLK\JHJP}UQ\Z[PÄJHUKVLZ[LWVZPJPVUHTPLU[VKLZKLSHTm_PTHKLX\LLSJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSVZYLMLYLU[LZ
UVYTH[P]VZLZLZLUJPHSWHYHLS[YHIHQVKLSWYVMLZVYHKV`WHYH[VKVZHX\LSSVZX\L]HUHMVYT\SHYLPU[LU[HY
YLZWVUKLYHSHZJ\LZ[PVULZKLKLIH[LZVIYLLSM\UJPVUHTPLU[VKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V:HYJLKH.VYNVZV`
7LUHKV3VZJHTIPVZSLNHSLZHMLJ[HUKLTHULYHKL[LYTPUHU[LHSLQLYJPJPVWYVMLZPVUHSKLSHKVJLU
JPH ` KL SH LK\JHJP}U H J\`V VIQL[V ZL YLX\PLYL KL \UH M\UKHTLU[HJP}U UVYTH[P]H X\L PKLU[PÄX\L SVZ
WYPUJPWPVZTL[VKVS}NPJVZ`VYNHUPaH[P]VZSVZYLMLYLU[LZKLSVZKVJ\TLU[VZKLJLU[YV`SVZHNLU[LZX\L
KLILYmUZLYYLZWVUZHISLZKLZ\LSHIVYHJP}UHWYVIHJP}U`HWSPJHJP}U
3HZSL`LZLK\JH[P]HZUVZVUZ\ÄJPLU[LZWHYHJHTIPHYTVKPÄJHYVTLQVYHYSHLK\JHJP}UZPULTIHYNV
KLILUZLYHJLW[HKHZZVJPHSTLU[LKLILUZLYJVUVJPKHZ`YLZWL[HKHZWVYSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZLUJHYNHKVZKL
WVULYSHZLUWYmJ[PJH`KLILUZ\ZJP[HYSHJVSHIVYHJP}UKLSHZMHTPSPHZ`KLSWYVMLZVYHKVLUSH[HYLHLK\JH
[P]H7LYVWHYH[VKVLZ[VLZULJLZHYPVLZ[\KPHYSHZ`ZP[\HYSHZLUZ\JVU[L_[VOPZ[}YPJVWHYHWVKLY]HSVYHYSHZ
JVUJVUVJPTPLU[VKLJH\ZHWHYHL_WSV[HYZ\Z]PY[\KLZ`WHYHL_PNPYZxLZWYLJPZVZ\J\TWSPTPLU[V
,Z[L [YHIHQV MHJPSP[HYm LZ[H SHIVY JVUZ[P[\`LUKV \UH KPZLJJP}U J\PKHKH KL SHZ KPZ[PU[HZ UVYTH[P]HZ
ZLSLJJPVUHKHZ KL SH -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS LU LS JVU[L_[V LZWH|VS! SH 3L` KL (WYLUKPaHQL 0UK\Z[YPHS LS
,Z[H[\[VKLLUZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHSLS,Z[H[\[VKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSSH3L`KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
0UK\Z[YPHSSH3L`.LULYHSKL,K\JHJP}USH36.:,SH36,`SHHJ[\HS364*,
:LWHY[LKLSHWYLTPZHKLX\LLULSWVKLYWVSx[PJVWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LLULSSLNPZSH[P]V`LULSLQLJ\[P]V
ZLHKVW[HUKLTHULYHSLNx[PTHSHZKLJPZPVULZZVIYLHZ\U[VZJVTVSHZWYPVYPKHKLZ`VIQL[P]VZKLSHLK\
JHJP}USHVYKLUHJP}UKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VSVZJVU[LUPKVZJ\YYPJ\SHYLZSHZTL[VKVSVNxHZKPKmJ[PJHZVSH
MVYTHJP}U`ZLSLJJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKVKLSVZKPZ[PU[VZUP]LSLZ7VY[VKVLZ[VKLILTVZKHYUVZJ\LU[HKL
SHPTWVY[HUJPH`\[PSPKHKKLSHOPZ[VYPHWVSx[PJHKLSHLK\JHJP}U`KLSPU[LYtZX\L[PLULWHYHSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U
LK\JH[P]HLS\ZVKLM\LU[LZJVTVSVZKVJ\TLU[VZSLNHSLZUVYTH[P]HZKPZWVZPJPVULZ`SL`LZX\LWLYTP[LU
JVUVJLYSHZJH\ZHZVYPNLU`KLZHYYVSSVKLT\JOHZKLSHZYLHSPKHKLZ`WYVISLTm[PJHZX\LOV`LUJVU[YHTVZ
LUSHLK\JHJP}UHZxJVTVHUHSPaHYJVYYLJ[HTLU[LZ\ZJVUZLJ\LUJPHZ`WYL]LYZ\ZKLTHUKHZ7VYSV[HU[V
LZWYLJPZVWSHU[LHYZLLSZLU[PKV`SHVYPLU[HJP}UKLSVZJHTIPVZLK\JH[P]VZZPUTPLKVHHWYLUKLYKLSHZ
PUZ\ÄJPLUJPHZKLSWHZHKV`HJVUZPKLYHYYLZW\LZ[HZ,UWHSHIYHZKL.VUamSLa`:HUa
LSLZ[\KPVOPZ[}YPJVKLSHLK\JHJP}U`LUJVUJYL[VKLZ\ZYLMVYTHZWVSx[PJHZW\LKLUH`\KHYUVZ
H PU[LYWYL[HY T\JOHZ KL SHZ WYVISLTm[PJHZ HJ[\HSLZ LU [VYUV HS MLU}TLUV LK\JH[P]V ` HUHSPaHY
JVYYLJ[HTLU[LZ\ZJVUZLJ\LUJPHZ+LLZ[HTHULYHUVZWLYTP[LPU[LYWYL[HY`HUHSPaHYSHZJH\ZHZ
TV[P]VZ`YLHSPKHKLZX\LUVZJVUK\JLUHJVTWYLUKLYLSTVTLU[VHJ[\HSKLSHLK\JHJP}U`SHZ
KLTHUKHZLUSHMVYTHJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKVW
,Z[L[YHIHQVHZ\TLLZ[LWYPUJPWPVWHY[PLUKVKLX\L\UJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHL]VS\JP}UOPZ[}YPJHLK\
JH[P]H`LUJVUJYL[VKLZ\ZYLMVYTHZWVSx[PJHZJVUZ[P[\`L\UHWYLTPZHPUKPZWLUZHISLWHYHJVTWYLUKLYL
PU[LYWYL[HYJVYYLJ[HTLU[LSVZWYVJLZVZ`HJVU[LJPTPLU[VZJVU[LTWVYmULVZ`X\LSHM\[\YHJVUZ[Y\JJP}U
KLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSZ}SVZLSVNYHZPZLHWV`HLUZ\ZHU[LJLKLU[LZOPZ[}YPJVZ
Antecedentes
,SmTIP[VLK\JH[P]VX\LJVTWYLUKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS]HL_WLYPTLU[HUKV\UHYmWPKH`WYV
M\UKHL]VS\JP}ULUWHYHSLSVHSVZNYHUKLZJHTIPVZZVJPVLJVU}TPJVZSHIVYHSLZ,JOL]LYYxH 7VY\U
SHKVLZ[HISLJL\UHLZ[YLJOHJVYYLSHJP}UJVU\UHZVJPLKHKKLJHYmJ[LYKPUmTPJVZVIYL[VKVJVUZ\KLZH
YYVSSVZVJPVLJVU}TPJV`Z\ZMVYTHZKLHJJP}UKLSHLK\JHJP}UHJ\`VVIQL[VZ\JVUJLWJP}UUVKLILZLY
SHKL\ULSLTLU[VPUTV]PSPaHKVLULS[PLTWVZPUVX\LKLILZLY\UHHJJP}ULUJVU[PU\VJHTIPVHSZLY]PJPV
KLSHZVJPLKHKX\LHWVY[LOLYYHTPLU[HZLK\JH[P]HZ`MVYTH[P]HZHJHYHKLZJ\IPLY[HLSH]HUJLKLSHWYVK\J
JP}U`WYVK\J[P]PKHKWYVWVYJPVUHUKVMVYTHJP}UPU[LNYHSHSHZWLYZVUHZWHYHX\LSVNYLUZ\PUJVYWVYHJP}U
HSH]PKHHJ[P]H7VYV[YHWHY[L[YHKPJPVUHSTLU[LL_PZ[P}ZPLTWYL\UHJVUL_P}ULU[YLLK\JHJP}U`[YHIHQV
HÄYTmUKVZLX\L¸LSH]HUJLKLSHZVJPLKHKZLWYVK\QVH[YH]tZKLSNLZ[VTHU\HSPUKP]PK\HSHSWYPUJPWPV
WVYPTP[HJP}U`WVZ[LYPVYTLU[LWVY[YHUZTPZP}UKLZHILYWYVWPVZKL\UVÄJPVX\LSHWYVWPHZVJPLKHKZL
LUJHYN}KL[YHUZTP[PYHJ[\HUKVJVTVZxKL\UHLZJ\LSHZLOHIxH[YH[HKV¹9PHS !+LLZ[HTHULYH
SH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLZWHY[LPUZLWHYHISLKLSHOPZ[VYPHKLS[YHIHQVLZ[HUKVKL\UHMVYTHTmZVTLUVZ
L_WSPJP[HKHWLYVZPLTWYLWYLZLU[LOHZ[HSSLNHYU\LZ[YHHJ[\HSPKHKLU[VKHZSHZtWVJHZZPLUKVWHY[LKLS
T\UKVKLS[YHIHQV`HSTPZTV[PLTWVZPLUKV\UZPZ[LTHWYVWPVKLMVYTHJP}U=LTVZX\L¸ZP\UVZPN\L
U\LZ[YHOPZ[VYPHZPU}W[PJHKLS[YHIHQVKLZKLVJJPKLU[L`HUHSPaHLUWHYHSLSVSHZKLTHUKHZ`YLZW\LZ[HZMVY
TH[P]HZLUJHKH\UHKLSHZL[HWHZLZWYVIHISLX\LZLLU[PLUKHTLQVYSHYLSHJP}ULU[YL[YHIHQV`MVYTHJP}U¹
,JOL]LYYxH ! X\LWYVT\L]LX\LH\UX\LSVZZPZ[LTHZKLWYVK\JJP}UÙLJLZPKHKLZKLLTWSLV
UVW\LKLUTHYJHYSVZVIQL[P]VZKLSHHJJP}ULK\JH[P]H[HTWVJVSHHJJP}ULK\JH[P]HHSTHYNLUKLLZ[VZ
KPMxJPSTLU[LW\LKLHSJHUaHYZ\WSLUVZLU[PKV
(WLZHYKLLZ[HY]PUJ\SHKHHSJHTIPVKLSHZVJPLKHK`KLS[YHIHQVSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSUVZPLTWYL
KLZWLY[}PU[LYtZ*VTVZL|HSH:HYJLKHLU,ZWH|HZPLTWYLWYPT}SHTm_PTHKLX\L\UVÄJPVJVTV
TLQVYZLHWYLUKLLZ[YHIHQHUKVSVJ\HSWYVTV]P}X\LSHMVYTHJP}UKLS[YHIHQHKVYM\LYHKLZH[LUKPKHWLY
THULJPLUKVK\YHU[LT\JOV[PLTWVLU\UZLN\UKVWSHUV`ZPLUKVJVUZPKLYHKH\UHMVYTHJP}UKLZLN\UKV
UP]LS
,ULSH|V \UJVU[L_[VZVJPVLJVU}TPJVJHYLU[LKL\UHTxUPTHMVY[HSLaHL_JLW[VLU*H[HS\|H
`7HxZ=HZJVLULSX\LSHZLTWYLZHZMVYTHIHUSHTHUVKLVIYHX\LULJLZP[HIHUZLNUZ\ZULJLZPKH
KLZZPN\LUKVLSTVKLSVKLSHWYLUKPaIHQVLSJVU[YVSKLSTHLZ[YV`WYmJ[PJHTLU[LJHYLU[LKL[VKVTHYJV
YLN\SHKVY7HYLKLZZLHWY\LIHSH3L`KLKL1\SPVKL KL*VU[YH[VKL(WYLUKPaHQLTmZ
JVUVJPKH JVTV 3L` KL (WYLUKPaHQL 0UK\Z[YPHS ,Z[H KPZWVZPJP}U VYKLUH WVY WYPTLYH ]La LS JVU[YH[V KL
HWYLUKPaHQL`JSHYPÄJHSVZKLYLJOVZ`KLILYLZ[HU[VKLHWYLUKPJLZJVTVKLWH[YVUVZ:PULTIHYNVZ\
LÄJHJPHM\LWYmJ[PJHTLU[LU\SHKLIPKVHSMYLJ\LU[LPUJ\TWSPTPLU[VWVYHTIHZWHY[LZ
(SN\UVZH\[VYLZX\L[YHIHQHULS[LTH:HYJLKH",JOL]LYYxH "*HIYLYH JVPUJPKLULU
HÄYTHYX\LOHZ[HSHWYVT\SNHJP}UKLSVZ,Z[H[\[VZKLLUZL|HUaHPUK\Z[YPHS`KLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKL
`KL YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[LUVL_PZ[LU]LYKHKLYVZLZM\LYaVZWHYHJYLHY\UZPZ[LTHKLMVYTHJP}U
WYVMLZPVUHSX\L]H`HTmZHSSmKLSHWYLUKPaHQLLULSW\LZ[VKL[YHIHQVVHSTHYNLUKLSUH[\YHSHWYLUKPaHQL
LULS[YHIHQV,Z[LS[PTV,Z[H[\[VHKLTmZKL\UZPZ[LTHKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKLZHYYVSSHSHZIHZLZKL
SH6YPLU[HJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSX\LJVUZVSPKHSHZLWHYHJP}ULU[YLLK\JHJP}UNLULYHS`LZWLJxÄJHZPLUKVKLZKL
LZ[L,Z[H[\[VJ\HUKVLST\UKVHJHKtTPJV`LZJVSHY`LST\UKVSHIVYHS`WYVMLZPVUHSYLJ\YYLUKPMLYLU[LZ
JHTPUVZJVU[LU\LZHJLYJHTPLU[VZ9PHS
7LZLHLZ[VZLHÄYTHX\LOHZ[HSHKtJHKHKLSVZVJOLU[HSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWHZ}JVUTmZ
WLUH X\L NSVYPH ` X\L HU[LZ KL WYmJ[PJHTLU[L UV L_PZ[xH *HIYLYH 0UJS\ZV SVZ LZM\LYaVZ
SSL]HKVZHJHIVLULSH|V YLZ\S[HUKLZPS\ZPVUHKVYLZ9PHS ,JOL]LYYxH :HYJLKH
W\LZ[VX\LZLTHU[PLULSHWVZPJP}UTHYNPUHSKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSHSUVZLYJVUZPKLYHKHJVTV\UV
SVZUP]LSLZLK\JH[P]VZX\LZLJVU[LTWSHU`KLÄUPtUKVZLJVTV\UHZHSPKHHLSSVZ
/HIYmX\LLZWLYHYOHZ[HSHKtJHKHKLSVZ WHYHX\LZLPUPJPLSHLKHKKLVYVKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YV
MLZPVUHS*VUSH36.:,ZLPU[YVK\JLUJHTIPVZPTWVY[HU[LZUVZ}SVLULSmTIP[VLZ[Y\J[\YHSVKLJVU
[LUPKVZZPUV`LUSVX\LLZTmZPTWVY[HU[LLUSHJVUJLWJP}UPU[LNYHSKLLZ[HLU[LUKPtUKVSHJVTV\U
ZPZ[LTHJVUÄN\YHKVWVYKPZ[PU[VZZ\IZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSPU[LNYHKVLULSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V
:\KLZHYYVSSVJ\STPUHYmJVUSH3L`6YNmUPJHKL KLQ\UPVKLSHZ*\HSPÄJHJPVULZ`SHMVYTHJP}U
WYVMLZPVUHSX\LKHYmLSWHZVLMLJ[P]VWHYHSHPU[LNYHJP}ULMLJ[P]HKLSVZ[YLZZ\IZPZ[LTHZ
,ULSH|VJVUSH36,SHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSTmZX\LJYLJLYZLWLYÄSHYmTLQVYW\LZLZ[H3L`
Z}SVZ\WVULJHTIPVZT\`WYLJPZVZLULSMVYTH[VL_PZ[LU[LKLSH36.:,3HPUJVYWVYHJP}UKLSHPKLHKL
HWYLUKPaHQLHSSHYNVKLSH]PKHWYVIHISLTLU[LZLH\UVKLSVZHZWLJ[VZTmZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVZKLLZ[LU\L]V
WLYÄS3HS[PTH3L`LK\JH[P]HHWYVIHKHLULSH|V364*,UVZ\WVUKYmNYHUKLZJHTIPVZWHYHSH
MVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSHKVW[HUKV\ULUMVX\LJVU[PU\PZ[HJVUSVLZ[HISLJPKVLUSH36,
Método
Objetivos
*VUVJLY`HWYV_PTHYZLHSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZM\UKHTLU[HSLZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHUSHZUVYTH[P]HZSLNHSLZ
X\LLZ[HISLJLULSZPZ[LTHKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
9LÅLQHYSHL]VS\JP}UOPZ[}YPJHKLSHZSL`LZX\LM\LYVUVYPLU[HUKVLZ[LUP]LSLK\JH[P]V
9LHSPaHY\UHUmSPZPZJVTWHYH[P]VKLZKL OHZ[H
Metodología
3HTL[VKVSVNxH\[PSPaHKHWHYHHUHSPaHYSHZUVYTH[P]HZLK\JH[P]HZJVYYLZWVUKLSH\UHMVYTHWHY[PJ\SHY
KLHUmSPZPZKLKVJ\TLU[VZ!LSHUmSPZPZKLJVU[LUPKV*VUZPZ[LLUJSHZPÄJHYSVZKP]LYZVZLSLTLU[VZKL\U
TLUZHQLLUJH[LNVYxHZJVULSÄUKLOHJLYHWHYLJLYKLSHTLQVYTHULYHZ\ZLU[PKV
,S TVKLSV KL PU]LZ[PNHJP}U LUJ\HKYHYH LU LS WHYHKPNTH KL PU]LZ[PNHJP}U J\HSP[H[P]V JLU[YHKV LU
HZWLJ[VZ KLZJYPW[P]VZ WYL[LUKPLUKV KLZJ\IYPY SVZ JVTWVULU[LZ ImZPJVZ ` L_[YHLYSVZ KL \U JVU[LUPKV
KHKVLZWLJPHSTLU[LH[YH]tZKLSHUmSPZPZKLJVU[LUPKVTt[VKVWHYHLZ[\KPHY`HUHSPaHYSHZJVT\UPJHJPV
ULZKL\UHMVYTHZPZ[LTm[PJHVIQL[P]H`J\HU[P[H[P]H`SHTL[VKVSVNxHJVTWHYHKH3}WLa
3HZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ`MHZLZKLSTVKLSVKLHUmSPZPZKLJVU[LUPKV[PLULUX\LPYPK}ULHZHSJHTWVJVU
JLW[\HS`KLWLUKLUKLS[PWVKLKPZJ\YZV`KLS[PWVKLPU[LYWYL[HJPVULZX\LZLWLYZPNHUHJ\`VVIQL[V
[VTHUKVJVTVIHZLSHZWYVW\LZ[HZKL3}WLa`7VY[H`:PS]HZLWYLZLU[HLSWYVJLZVZLN\PKV
LULZ[LLZ[\KPV!
+LÄUPJP}U KLS \UP]LYZV X\L ZL WYL[LUKL LZ[\KPHY :L SSL]H H JHIV \UH ZLSLJJP}U KL KVJ\TLU[VZ
X\LJVUZ[P[\`LULSJ\LYWVKL\UPKHKLZKLJVU[LUPKV`KLU[YVKLLZHSPZ[HKLUVYTH[P]HYLMLYLU[LSH
-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSZLLSPNLHTmZKLZ[HJHISLVYLSL]HU[LOHIPKHJ\LU[HU\LZ[YVTHYJV[L}YPJV!
3H3L`KL(WYLUKPaHQL0UK\Z[YPHSKL LS,Z[H[\[VKLLUZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHSKL LS,Z[H[\[V
KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKL SH3L`KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHSKL SH3L`.LUL
YHSKL,K\JHJP}UKL SH3L`KL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]VKL SH3L`
6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}UKL`SH3L`6YNmUPJHWHYHSH4LQVYHKLSH*HSPKHK,K\JH[P]HKL
Determinación de las unidades de análisisLZKLJPYSVX\LZLZLSLJJPVUH`KPZWVULULUJHKHJH[L
NVYxHKLHUmSPZPZ7HYHU\LZ[YVLZ[\KPVLZSH\UPKHKKLIHZLNYHTH[PJHSJVUJYL[HTLU[LLSHUmSPZPZKL
WmYYHMVZVNY\WVKLWHSHIYHZJVUJYL[HKVZLUHY[xJ\SVZ3H\UPKHKKLHUmSPZPZX\LK}JVUÄN\YHKHKL
SHZPN\PLU[LMVYTH!<UPKHKKLYLNPZ[YVMYHZLZVWmYYHMVZJVUJYL[HKVZLUHY[xJ\SVZ<UPKHKKLJVU
[L_[VKPZWVZPJPVULZSLNHSLZLK\JH[P]HZUHJPVUHSLZ`<UPKHKKLLU\TLYHJP}UWYLZLUJPHVH\ZLUJPH
KL[LTHYLSH[P]VHSHZJH[LNVYxHZ
*SHZPÄJHJP}U JH[LNVYPHS! LSHIVYHJP}U KL \UH ZLYPL KL JH[LNVYxHZ X\L L_[YHLU \UHZ UVJPVULZ KLS
KVJ\TLU[VWHYHJVUZLN\PYSVZVIQL[P]VZ[YHaHKVZYLWYLZLU[HYSV`MHJPSP[HYZ\HJJLZV7HYHSHJYLH
JP}U KLSHZ KPMLYLU[LZJH[LNVYxHZ ZLN\PTVZ H 7VY[H ` :PS]H WYVJ\YHUKV X\L LZ[HZ M\LZLU
OVTVNtULHZL_OH\Z[P]HZL_JS\ZP]HZVIQL[P]HZ`HKLJ\HKHZVWLY[PULU[LZ+HKVX\LLZ[LLZ[\KPV
ZLLUJ\HKYHLULSmYLHLK\JH[P]HZL[\]PLYVULUJ\LU[HSVZKP]LYZVZLSLTLU[VZKPKmJ[PJVZVLSL
TLU[VZImZPJVZKLSHLUZL|HUaH`HWYLUKPaHQLHZxJVTVLSTLKPVNLVNYmÄJVLJVU}TPJVJ\S[\YHS
`ZVJPHSLULSX\LZLLUJ\HKYHU!LSHS\TUHKVLSWYVMLZVYHKVLSJVU[LUPKVKLSHZLUZL|HUaHZZ\
K\YHJP}USVZLZ[\KPVZWYL]PVZSHZWYmJ[PJHZSHIVYHSLZSHPUZ[P[\JP}USHÄUHUJPHJP}USHSLNPZSHJP}U`
LSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VX\LLZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLUSHZSL`LZ
7HYHÄUHSPaHY\[PSPaHTVZJVTVJYP[LYPVKLÄHIPSPKHKSH¸YLWYVK\JPIPSPKHK¹,UU\LZ[YVJHZVLSTH[LYPHS
M\LJVKPÄJHKVKVZ]LJLZWVYLSTPZTVJVKPÄJHKVYJVU[YHZ[HUKVZ\ZWLYJLWJPVULZ`KPÄJ\S[HKLZKL
PU[LYWYL[HJP}U,UJ\HU[VH]HSPKLaKLSLZ[\KPVUVZHJVNPTVZHSH]HSPKLaKLJVU[LUPKVWVYSHJ\HSLS
PU]LZ[PNHKVYYHaVUHSVZTV[P]VZKLSHJH[LNVYPaHJP}UYLHSPaHKHVIZLY]HUKVSHZYLNSHZKLZLSLJJP}U
KLJH[LNVYxHZWYVW\LZ[HZ
;YHZYLHSPaHYLS[YH[HTPLU[VKLSVZKH[VZSVZYLZ\S[HKVZZLVYNHUPaHYVULUMVYTHKLJ\HKYVZ`[HISHZ
X\LYLWYLZLU[HUHSHZKPZ[PU[HZJH[LNVYxHZ`HSHZKPZ[PU[HZSL`LZHUHSPaHKHZSVX\LWVZPIPSP[}YLHSPaHYPUML
YLUJPHZ`JVTWHYHJPVULZ
Resultados
,SW\U[VWYPUJPWHSKLLZ[LHWHY[HKVZVUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZL_[YHxKVZKLSHUmSPZPZKLJHKH\UHKLSHZYLML
YLUJPHZSLNPZSH[P]HZVIQL[VKLLZ[\KPV,Z[VZZLWYLZLU[HUWYPTLYVJVU\UHPU[YVK\JJP}U`JVU\UHIYL]L
JVU[L_[\HSPaHJP}UOPZ[}YPJHKLJHKH\UHKLSHZUVYTH[P]HZ`LUZLN\UKVS\NHYZLL_WVULUJVU\UHKLZ
JYPWJP}UKLJHKHTHYJVSLNHSKP]PKPKVLUSHZKPLaKPTLUZPVULZLZ[PW\SHKHZLUSHTL[VKVSVNxH,SHWHY[HKV
ÄUHSPaHJVUSHJVTWHYH[P]HNSVIHSKL[VKHZSHZKPZWVZPJPVULZHUHSPaHKHZ
3L`KL(WYLUKPaHQL0UK\Z[YPHS
,S KLQ\SPVKL ZLW\ISPJHSH3L`KLKL1\SPVKL KL*VU[YH[VKL(WYLUKPaHQLTmZ

JVUVJPKHJVTV3L`KL(WYLUKPaHQL0UK\Z[YPHS,Z[mMVYTHKHWVYWHY[LZKLT\ÌYL]LJVU[LUPKVZVIYL
Z\UH[\YHSLaH`VIQL[VSHZWHY[LZJVU[YH[HU[LZLSWH[YVUVLSHWYLUKPaZ\ZKLILYLZ`KLYLJOVZSHMVYTH
KLSJVU[YH[VSHYLZJPZP}UKLSJVU[YH[V`SH[LYTPUHJP}UKLSJVU[YH[V3HMLJOHKLW\ISPJHJP}UKLLZ[H3L`
JVPUJPKLJVU\UHtWVJHJVU]\SZHWHYH,ZWH|H[YHZSH:LTHUH;YmNPJHKL `LSKLZHZ[YLKLS
Tabla 1. (ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`KL(WYLUKPaHQL0UK\Z[YPHS
Alumnado Profesorado Enseñanzas Duración Estudios previos
Comercio
,U[YLH|VZ
H|VZ
6WLYHJPVULZ
#H|VZ *\HSX\PLYWLYZVUH 5VZLULJLZP[HU
HNYxJVSHZJVU
YLWYLZLU[HJP}U TLZLZKLWY\LIH
uso de motores
SLNHS
TLJmUPJVZ
Prácticas labo-
Reconocimiento Institución Financiamiento Regulación
rales
:LLZ[PW\SHVUV
YLT\ULYHJP}UHS
5VZLLZ[PW\SH
*LY[PÄJHKVÄYTHKV 5VUZLJVU[LT HWYLUKPaVWH[Y}U 4PUPZ[LYPVKLSH
*LU[YVKL[YHIHQV
WVYLSWH[Y}U WSHU .VILYUHJP}U
KLSWH[Y}U
*HTIPVKLZLY
]PJPVZ
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L`KLKLQ\SPVKL
,Z[H[\[VKL,UZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHS
,S9LHS+LJYL[VKLSKLVJ[\IYLKL HWY\LIHLS,Z[H[\[VKL,UZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHS`LUVJ[\IYL
KL HWHYLJLSH3LNPZSHJP}UWHYHZ\HWSPJHJP}U,S,Z[H[\[VZLJVTWVULUKLJHWx[\SVZYLSH[P]VZHSH
LUZL|HUaHPUK\Z[YPHSZ\HKTPUPZ[YHJP}UJLU[YHS`WYV]PUJPHS`Z\PUZWLJJP}U"[HTIPtUHSHLUZL|HUaHLSL
TLU[HSVIYLYHHSHZLZJ\LSHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZHSHZLUZL|HUaHZMHJ\S[H[P]HZHSVZLZ[\KPVZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`
HTWSPHJP}UHSHVYPLU[HJP}U`ZLSLJJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSHSYtNPTLUKLSWYVMLZVYHKV`HSYtNPTLUKLSHZLZJ\L
SHZHZVJPHJPVULZLZJVSHYLZJLY[PÄJHKVZ`[x[\SVZ,S,Z[H[\[VHWHYLJLJVU\UJVU[L_[VOPZ[}YPJVLZWLJxÄJV!
SH+PJ[HK\YHKL7YPTVKL9P]LYH
Tabla 2.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLS,Z[H[\[VKL,UZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHS
Concurso de
7LYZVUHSVIYLYV 0UZ[Y\JJP}U
TtYP[VZYLZ\LS[V ,UZL|HUaH6IYLYH J\YZVZ
[YHIHQVTHU\HS WYPTHYPHLSLTLU[HS
WVYSH1\U[H3VJHS
4H[LYPHZKL
7YVMLZVYLZ LUZL|HUaH
7LYZVUHSVIYLYV ,UZL|HUaH
PUK\Z[YPHSLZ J\YZVZ secundaria o
[YHIHQVPU[LSLJ[\HS 7YVMLZPVUHS
numerarios estudios de
THLZ[YxHVIYLYH
*H[LKYm[PJVZ ,UZL|HUaH ;x[\SVKL

Ingenieros J\YZVZ
numerarios -HJ\S[H[P]H )HJOPSSLYH[V
Prácticas labo-
rales
5VZLLZ[PW\SH
*LY[PÄJHKVLZJVSHY
*LU[YVKL[YHIHQV
VIYLYV ,Z[HKV
KLSWH[Y}U
4HUJVT\UPKHKLZ
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
Diputaciones
;YHIHQV*VTLYJPV
`4\UPJPWPVZ
e Industria
*LY[PÄJHKVVÄJPHS
KLTHLZ[YVVIYLYV ,ZJ\LSHZ0UK\Z 5VUZL 4PUPZ[LYPVKL
1\U[HZSVJHSLZ
`[x[\SVKLWLYP[V [YPHSLZ JVU[LTWSHU ;YHIHQV*VTLY
YLNPVUHSLZ
PUK\Z[YPHS JPVL0UK\Z[YPH
`WYV]PUJPHSLZKL
4HUJVT\UPKHKLZ
,UZL|HUaH
+PW\[HJPVULZ`
0UK\Z[YPHS
4\UPJPWPVZWHYH
,ZJ\LSHZKL ILJHZ
;x[\SVVÄJPHSKL
Ingenieros
0UNLUPLYV0UK\Z[YPHS
0UK\Z[YPHSLZ
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLS,Z[H[\[VKL,UZL|HUaH0UK\Z[YPHS
Estatuto de Formaci}U7YVMLZPVUHS
,S,Z[H[\[VKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSZLHWYVI}H[YH]tZKLS9LHS+LJYL[VKLSKLKPJPLTIYLKL
JVTVYLMVYT\SHJP}U`JVTWSLTLU[VHSHU[LYPVY,Z[H[\[VHUHSPaHKV,Z[mJVTW\LZ[VWVYSPIYVZX\L[YH[HU
KL SH 6YNHUPaHJP}U KL SH MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS KL SH 6YPLU[HJP}U ` ZLSLJJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS SH -VYTHJP}U
VIYLYHSH-VYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKLSHY[LZHUVSHZ,ZJ\LSHZ0UK\Z[YPHSLZ`LS7LYMLJJPVUHTPLU[VWYVMLZPVUHS
LPU]LZ[PNHJP}U3HJVU[L_[\HSPaHJP}UKLLZ[L,Z[H[\[VLZZPTPSHYHSHHUHSPaHKHWHYHSHUVYTHHU[LYPVY`H
X\LZVSVTLKPHUH|VZLU[YLHTIVZ,Z[H[\[VZ
Tabla 3.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLS,Z[H[\[VKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
Conocimientos
6ÄJPHSV4HLZ[YV -VYTHJP}U ;PLTWVX\L
preparatorios
KL[HSSLYVMmIYPJH 7YVMLZPVUHS6IYLYH ULJLZP[LLSVIYLYV
ZLNUTVKHSPKHK
-VYTHJP}U
6ÄJPHS`4HLZ[YV 7YVMLZVYLZ
7YVMLZPVUHS(Y[L 5VZLLZ[PW\SH 5VZLLZ[PW\SH
artesano U\TLYHYPVZ
sana
H\_PSPHYLZ`
LZWLJPHSLZ
-VYTHJP}U[tJUPJH
-VYTHJP}U KL4HLZ[YV
7LYZVUHSH\_PSPHY
7YVMLZPVUHSKL H|VZ 0UK\Z[YPHSV
KLSPUNLUPLYV
;tJUPJV0UK\Z[YPHS (Y[LZHUVV;x[\SV
KL)HJOPSSLYH[V
Prácticas labo-
rales
5VZLLZ[PW\SH
*LY[PÄJHKVKLHW[P
*LU[YVKL[YHIHQV ,Z[HKV
[\KWYVMLZPVUHS
KLSWH[Y}U 4HUJVT\UPKHKLZ
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
Diputaciones
;YHIHQV*VTLYJPV
`4\UPJPWPVZ
e Industria
*LY[PÄJHKVKLHW[P ,ZJ\LSHZ
[\KWYVMLZPVUHS 0UK\Z[YPHSLZ 5VUZL 4PUPZ[LYPVKL
1\U[HZSVJHSLZ
JVU[LTWSHU ;YHIHQV*VTLYJPV
YLNPVUHSLZ`
L0UK\Z[YPH
WYV]PUJPHSLZ
4HUJVT\UPKHKLZ
KL,UZL|HUaH
+PW\[HJPVULZ`
,ZJ\LSHZKL 0UK\Z[YPHS
4\UPJPWPVZWHYH
(\_PSPHY0UK\Z[YPHS Ingenieros ILJHZ
0UK\Z[YPHSLZ
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLS,Z[H[\[VKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS

3L`KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHS
,SKLQ\SPVKL HWYVIHYHSH3L`KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHS)6, MVYTHKH

WVYZPL[LJHWx[\SVZJLU[YHKVZLUSHZ1\U[HZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHSLUSVZYLJ\YZVZLJVU}TP
JVZSVZJLU[YVZLPUZ[P[\JPVULZKVJLU[LZSVZWSHULZKLLZ[\KPVSHZLUZL|HUaHZPTWHY[PKHZLSWYVMLZVYHKV
LSNVIPLYUVKLSVZJLU[YVZ`SHPUZWLJJP}U3H3L`HWHYLJLKLZW\tZKLSH.\LYYH*P]PSLZWH|VSHPUZ[H\YHKH
SHKPJ[HK\YHKL-YHUJV`JHZP[YLPU[HH|VZKLZKLSHWYVT\SNHJP}UKLS,Z[H[\[VKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
Z\WVUPLUKV\UH[V[HSYLLZ[Y\J[\YHJP}UKLLZ[LUP]LSLK\JH[P]V
Tabla 4.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHS
HH|VZ 7YLHWYLUKPaHQL J\YZVZ Estudios primarios
;P[\SHYLZ`
4HLZ[YVZKL[HSSLY
,Z[\KPVZWYPTHYPVZ
6WLYHYPVZLU[YL (WYLUKPaHQL
J\YZVZ WZPJV[tJUPJV`
`H|VZ (KQ\U[VZ `4HLZ[YxH
WY\LIHZKLHW[P[\K
LZWLJPHSLZ
(`\KHU[LZKL[HSSLY
`WYmJ[PJHZ (WYLUKPaLU
H|VZ 4HLZ[YxH 4 cursos WYmJ[PJHZ6ÄJPHS
KL¡V)HJOPSSLYH[V
Prácticas
laborales
*LY[PÄJHKV
,ZJ\LSHZKL 7YLZ\W\LZ[VZKLS
HJHKtTPJVKL
7YLHWYLUKPaHQL Estado
7YLHWYLUKPaHQL
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
,K\JHJP}U
,K\JHJP}U5H
5HJPVUHS
(WYLUKPaLUWYmJ ,ZJ\LSHZKL JPVUHS
ticas (WYLUKPaHQL
5VUZL 1\U[H*LU[YHSKL
*HQHZKL(OVYYV
JVU[LTWSHU -VYTHJP}U
WVW\SHYLZ
7YVMLZPVUHS
dependientes de
SH)HUJH`*HQH
6ÄJPHS0UK\Z[YPHSLU Patronatos
7VZ[HSKL(OVYYVZ
WYmJ[PJHZ ,ZJ\LSHZKL4HL 5HJPVUHSLZ
4HLZ[YV0UK\Z[YPHS Z[YxH :VJPLKHKLZ
LUWYmJ[PJHZ *VVWLYH[P]HZ
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L`KLKL1\SPVKL KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHS
Ley General de Educaci}U
3H3L` KLKLHNVZ[V.LULYHSKL,K\JHJP}U`-PUHUJPHJP}UKLSH9LMVYTH,K\JH[P]H)6,
LZ[mJVTW\LZ[HWVYJPUJV[x[\SVZX\LHIVYKHULSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VSVZJLU[YVZKVJLU[LZLS
WYVMLZVYHKVLSLZ[H[\[VKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ`SHHKTPUPZ[YHJP}ULK\JH[P]H(WHYLJLLUSVZS[PTVZH|VZKLS
YtNPTLUMYHUX\PZ[HZPLUKV`HKLZPNUHKV\UZ\JLZVYH[x[\SVKL9L`
,ULS[x[\SVWYLSPTPUHYLULSHY[xJ\SVZLN\UKVHWHY[HKV\UVSH3L`KLJSHYHX\L[VKVZSVZLZWH|VSLZ
[PLULUKLYLJOVHYLJPIPY`LS,Z[HKVLSKLILYKLWYVWVYJPVUHY\UHLK\JHJP}UNLULYHS`\UHMVYTHJP}UWYV
MLZPVUHSX\LSLZJHWHJP[LWHYHSVKLZLTWL|VKL\UH[HYLH[PSWHYHSHZVJPLKHK`WHYHZxTPZTVZ,UZ\
HWHY[HKVZLN\UKVLZWLJPÄJHX\LX\PLUUVWYVZPNHZ\ZLZ[\KPVZLUUP]LSLZLK\JH[P]VZZ\WLYPVYLZYLJPIPYmU
VISPNH[VYPH`NYH[\P[HTLU[L\UHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKLWYPTLYNYHKV(KLTmZSH3L`KLKPJH\U[x[\SV
LU[LYVLS[x[\SVJ\HY[VKLUVTPUHKV,Z[H[\[VKLSLZ[\KPHU[LHYLTHYJHYLSKLILYZVJPHSKLSLZ[\KPV`SVZ
KLYLJOVZKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ
7DEOD(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`.LULYHSKL,K\JHJP}U
,K\JHJP}U.LULYHS
;x[\SVKL-70 FP I H|VZ
)mZPJH
;VKVZSVZ
LZWH|VSLZWHYH +PWSVTHKV
LSKLZLTWL|VKL (WHYLQHKVYV FP II H|VZ )HJOPSSLYH[VV-70
\UH[HYLH[PSWHYH 0UNLUPLYV;tJUPJV
SHZVJPLKHK`LSSVZ
mismos
.YHK\HKVZ
3PJLUJPHKV(YX\P
FP III H|VZ \UP]LYZP[HYPVZV
tecto o Ingeniero
FP II
Prácticas
laborales
¢H|VKL-70
;tJUPJV(\_PSPHY Centros de FP I
]VS\U[HYPHZ
,U[PKHKLZWISP 4PUPZ[LYPVKL
;tJUPJV ¢H|VKL-70
Centros de FP II JHZWYP]HKHZ ,K\JHJP}U`
,ZWLJPHSPZ[H ]VS\U[HYPHZ
`WHY[PJ\SHYLZ Ciencia
;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY
Centros de FP III
+PWSVTHKV
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L` .LULYHSKL,K\JHJP}U
`-PUHUJPHJP}UKLSH9LMVYTH,K\JH[P]H
3L`KL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKL6YKLUHJP}UKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]V
3H3L`6YNmUPJH KLKLVJ[\IYLKL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]V)6,
ZLVYNHUPaHLUJPUJV[x[\SVZ`\UWYLSPTPUHYLZ[Y\J[\YHKVZLUJHWx[\SVZX\LHIVYKHUSHZLUZL|HUaHZ
KLYtNPTLUNLULYHSKLYtNPTLULZWLJPHSSHLK\JHJP}UKLSHZWLYZVUHZHK\S[HZSHJHSPKHKKLSHLUZL|HUaH
`SHJVTWLUZHJP}UKLSHZKLZPN\HSKHKLZLUSHLK\JHJP}U(WHYLJLJ\HUKV,ZWH|HLZ\UWHxZKLTVJYm[PJV
`SVZZVJPHSPZ[HZYLHSPaHU\UHHTWSPHSHIVYKLNVIPLYUV3HHWYVIHJP}UKLSH*VUZ[P[\JP}ULU X\LLZ[P
T\SHSHZIHZLZKL\UHYLMVYTHLK\JH[P]HVSHPU[LNYHJP}ULUSH*VT\UPKHK,JVU}TPJH,\YVWLHLU
X\LVISPNHIHH\UHTxUPTHOVTVNLULPKHKKL[x[\SVZ`LZ[\KPVZM\LYVUHJVU[LJPTPLU[VZX\LOHISHUKL\UH
WYVM\UKH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UZVJPHS`LJVU}TPJH\UPKVZHSVZJHTIPVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZWYVK\JPKVZ[LUPLUKVLS
ZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VLZWH|VSHKHW[HYZLSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ`KLTHUKHZKLLZ[HU\L]HZVJPLKHK
Tabla 6.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`.LULYHSKL6YKLUHJP}UKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]V
3PJLUJPHKVZ .YHK\HKV
(YX\P[LJ[VZL -7,ZWLJxÄJHKL LU,K\JHJP}U
Ingenieros .YHKV4LKPV :LJ\UKHYPHV
WY\LIHKLHJJLZV
+PWSVTHKV
(YX\P[LJ[VL
1}]LULZKL[VKHZ 0UNLUPLYV;tJUPJV
=HYPHISL
SHZLKHKLZ
;x[\SVKL
LZWLJPHSPaHJP}U )HJOPSSLYH[VV
KPKmJ[PJH -7,ZWLJxÄJHKL WY\LIHKL
.YHKV:\WLYPVY HJJLZVJVU
7YVMLZVYLZ H|VZJ\TWSPKVZ
LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ
Prácticas
laborales
;tJUPJV Centros de
,K\JHJP}U
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
:LJ\UKHYPH`
,K\JHJP}U
)HJOPSSLYH[V -VYTHJP}U7YmJ
3VZWVKLYLZW `*\S[\YH`
tica en Centros de
ISPJVZ }YNHUVZKLSHZ
Centros de ;YHIHQV
Técnico Superior Comunidades
-VYTHJP}U
(\[}UVTHZ
7YVMLZPVUHSLZWL
JxÄJH
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L` KL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]V
3L`6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}U
3H3L`6YNmUPJHKLKLTH`VKL,K\JHJP}U)6,LZ[mJVTW\LZ[HWVY[x[\SVZ
VYNHUPaHKVZLUJHWx[\SVZX\L]LYZHUZVIYLSHZLUZL|HUaHZ`Z\VYKLUHJP}USHLX\PKHKLUSHLK\JHJP}ULS
WYVMLZVYHKVSVZJLU[YVZKVJLU[LZSHWHY[PJPWHJP}UH\[VUVTxH`NVIPLYUVKLSVZJLU[YVZSHL]HS\HJP}UKLS
ZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VSHPUZWLJJP}UKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V`SVZYLJ\YZVZLJVU}TPJVZ,SJVU[L_[VLULSX\LZL
HWY\LIHLZ[H3L`LZ[mJHYHJ[LYPaHKVWVY\UU\L]VVYKLULJVU}TPJVT\UKPHSWYVK\J[VKLSHNSVIHSPaHJP}U
`SHZWYVM\UKHZPUUV]HJPVULZLULSmTIP[VJPLU[xÄJV`[LJUVS}NPJVX\LKHUS\NHYSHZ[YHUZMVYTHJPVULZLU
SHZYLSHJPVULZLJVU}TPJHZWVSx[PJHZZVJPHSLZ`WYVK\J[P]HZU\L]HZMVYTHZKLVYNHUPaHJP}UKLS[YHIHQV`
LSZ\YNPTPLU[VKLSHZVJPLKHKKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`LSJVUVJPTPLU[V3HZHS[HZ[HZHZKLMYHJHZVLZJVSHYLS
PUJYLTLU[VKLSHPUTPNYHJP}U`SHJVUÅPJ[P]PKHKLUSHZH\SHZQ\Z[PÄJHUSHYLMVYTH
Tabla 7.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}U
3PJLUJPHKVZ .YHK\HKVLU
(YX\P[LJ[VZL ,K\JHJP}U
0UNLUPLYVZV;x[\SV *PJSVMVYTH[P]VKL :LJ\UKHYPHV
1}]LULZKL[VKHZ KL.YHKV .YHKV4LKPV WY\LIHKL
SHZLKHKLZ LX\P]HSLU[L HJJLZVJVU
independiente H|VZJ\TWSPKVZ
=HYPHISL
mente de sus -VYTHJP}U
JVUKPJPVULZ` WLKHN}NPJHKL
circunstancias postgrado )HJOPSSLYH[VV
*PJSVMVYTH[P]VKL WY\LIHKL
7YVMLZVYLZ .YHKV:\WLYPVY HJJLZVJVU
LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ H|VZJ\TWSPKVZ
Prácticas
laborales
;tJUPJV*LY[P
ÄJHKVHJHKtTPJV
KLSVZT}K\SVZ
superados Institutos de
,K\JHJP}U ,Z[HKVH[YH]tZ
-VYTHJP}U7YmJ
:LJ\UKHYPH0,: 3VZWVKLYLZW KLSHZ
tica en Centros de
*LU[YVZWYP]HKVZ ISPJVZ (KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ
;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY ;YHIHQV
*LU[YVZWYP]HKVZ LK\JH[P]HZ
*LY[PÄJHKV concertados
HJHKtTPJVKLSVZ
T}K\SVZZ\WLYH
dos
Fuente: ,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L`,K\JHJP}U
Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa
3H3L`6YNmUPJHKL KLKPJPLTIYLWHYHSHTLQVYHKLSHJHSPKHKLK\JH[P]H)6,
LZ\UH3L`X\LZLWYLZLU[HJVTV\UHTVKPÄJHJP}UKLKL[LYTPUHKVZHY[xJ\SVZKLSH3L`HU[LYPVYTLU[LHUH
SPaHKH3VZZLZLU[H`JPUJVHY[xJ\SVZTVKPÄJHKVZZLMVYT\SHUJ}TVHY[xJ\SVZ)PZVU\L]HZKPZWVZPJPVULZLU
\UUPJVHY[xJ\SV(KLTmZJ\LU[HJVUJPUJVKPZWVZPJPVULZHKPJPVUHSLZKVZ[YHUZP[VYPHZ`ZLPZÄUHSLZLZWL
JxÄJHZKLSU\L]V[L_[V3HUVYTHUHJLLUWSLUHJYPZPZZVJPHSJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHJYPZPZLJVU}TPJHÄUHU
JPLYH,SKLZLTWSLV`SH[HZHKLWHYVQ\]LUPSH\TLU[HUJHKHKxHSHYLU[HTLKPHKLSVZLZWH|VSLZH\TLU[H
SHKLZPN\HSKHKSVZZLY]PJPVZWISPJVZJVTPLUaHUHZ\MYPYYLJVY[LZ`Z\IPKHKL[HZHZSHZLTWYLZHZ`SVZ
IHUJVZZVUH`\KHKVZTLKPHU[LU\L]HZYLMVYTHZSHIVYHSLZ`ZLKLZJ\IYLUTS[PWSLZJHZVZKLJVYY\WJP}U
3HPUKPNUHJP}UJYLJLLU[YLSHZVJPLKHK*VULZ[LWHUVYHTHLSNVIPLYUVJVTPLUaH\UHZLYPLKLYLMVYTHZ
YmWPKHZLUI\ZJHKLSHZHSPKHKLLZ[HJYPZPZ\UHKLLSSHZSHU\L]HYLMVYTHLK\JH[P]H
Tabla 8.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSH3L`6YNmUPJHWHYHSH4LQVYHKLSH*HSPKHK,K\JH[P]H
7YPTLYJPJSVKLSH
*PJSVZ
J\YZVZJVU\U ,:6WYVW\LZ[VZ
KL-VYTHJP}U
Tm_PTVKL WVYLSLX\PWV
7YVMLZPVUHS)mZPJH
docente)
,:6-7)mZPJH
)HJOPSSLY
3PJLUJPHKVZ
\UP]LYZP[HYPVV
(YX\P[LJ[VZL
;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY
0UNLUPLYVZV;x[\SV
*LY[PÄJHKV
KL.YHKV *PJSVMVYTH[P]VKL
HJYLKP[H[P]VKL
LX\P]HSLU[L .YHKV4LKPV
)HJOPSSLYH[V

,U[YLLHUVZ *\YZVLZWLJxÄJV
-VYTHJP}U
de acceso
WLKHN}NPJHKL
7Y\LIHKLHJJLZV
postgrado
H|VZ
=HYPHISL
7YVMLZVYLZ
LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ
)HJOPSSLYH[V
\UP]LYZP[HYPVV
;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY
*PJSVMVYTH[P]VKL *LY[PÄJHKV
.YHKV:\WLYPVY HJYLKP[H[P]VKL
)HJOPSSLYH[V
7Y\LIHKLHJJLZV
H|VZ
Prácticas
laborales
7YVMLZPVUHS)mZPJV
Institutos de
,K\JHJP}U ,Z[HKVH[YH]tZ
-VYTHJP}U
:LJ\UKHYPH0,: 3VZWVKLYLZW KLSHZ
;tJUPJV 7YmJ[PJHLU
*LU[YVZWYP]HKVZ ISPJVZ (KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ
*LU[YVZKL;YHIHQV
*LU[YVZWYP]HKVZ LK\JH[P]HZ
concertados
;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSH3L`WHYHSH4LQVYHKLSH*HSPKHK,K\JH[P]H
A modo de síntesis
-PUHSTLU[LZLWYLZLU[H\UJ\HKYVZxU[LZPZJVTWHYH[P]VX\LLUNSVIH[VKHZSHZKPZWVZPJPVULZHUHSPaH
KHZ,UtSWVKLTVZ]LYKLMVYTHYmWPKH`]PZ\HSSHL]VS\JP}U`SVZJHTIPVZKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS`
VIZLY]HUKVHUHSx[PJHTLU[LWLYTP[LPKLU[PÄJHYHZWLJ[VZYLSL]HU[LZ!
Tabla 9.(ZWLJ[VZImZPJVZKLSHZ3L`LZHUHSPaHKHZ
Ley de Estatuto de Estatuto de Ley de Formación

aprendizaje Enseñanza Formación Profesional
industrial Industrial Profesional Industrial
6IYLYVTHU\HS 4HLZ[YVKL;HSSLY HH|VZ
H|VZ
Alumnado 6IYLYVPU[LSLJ[\HS 4HLZ[YV(Y[LZHUV 6WLYHYPVZ`
#H|VZ
Ingenieros (\_PSPHY0UNLUPLYV H|VZHUVZ
5\TLYHYPVZ
5\TLYHYPVZ 4HLZ[YVZ(KQ\U[VZ
H\_PSPHYLZ
Profesorado *\HSX\PLYWLYZVUH H\_PSPHYLZ ,ZWLJPHSLZ
`LZWLJPHSLZ
`LZWLJPHSLZ (`\KHU[LZ
*H[LKYm[PJVZ
,UZL|HUaHVIYLYH
-7VIYLYH-7HY[L 7YLHWYLUKPaHQL
*VTLYJPV6WLYH ,UZL|HUaHWYVML
Enseñanzas ZHUH-7[tJUPJV (WYLUKPaHQL4HL
JPVULZHNYxJVSHZ ZPVUHS,UZL|HUaH
PUK\Z[YPHS Z[YxH
MHJ\S[H[P]H
3VX\LLSVIYLYV
Duración H|VZ J\YZVZ J\YZVZ
ULJLZP[LH|VZ
Conocimientos
7YPTHYPHLSLTLU[HS 7YPTHYPVZ7YPTHYPVZ
preparatorios
Estudios :LJ\UKHYPHV `WY\LIHZ(WYLUKPa
5VZLULJLZP[HU 5VZLLZ[PW\SH
previos 4HLZ[YVVIYLYV LUWYmJ[PJHZV
4HLZ[YVPUK\Z[YPHSV
)HJOPSSLYH[V )HJOPSSLYH[V
)HJOPSSLYH[V
*LY[PÄJHKVHW[P[\K *LY[PÄJHKV
6ÄJPHS4HLZ[YV` 4HLZ[YV (WYLUKPaLU
*LY[PÄJHKVKLS
Reconocimiento 7LYP[V0UK\Z[YPHS *LY[PÄJHKVHW[P[\K WYmJ[PJHZ6ÄJPHS`
WH[Y}U
Ingeniero 4HLZ[YV 4HLZ[YV0UK\Z[YPHS
(\_PSPHY0UK\Z[YPHS LUWYmJ[PJHZ
,,SLTLU[HSLZ ,;YHIHQV,,Z
5VZLLZ[PW\SH ,7YLHWYLUKPaHQL
,0UK\Z[YPHSLZ, WLJPHSLZ6ÄJPHSLZ
Institución *LU[YVKL[YHIHQV ,(WYLUKPaHQL,
Ingenieros Indus ,ZJ\LSHZPUK\Z
KLSWH[YVUV 4HLZ[YxH
[YPHSLZ [YPHSLZ
Prácticas 5VZL
5VZLJVU[LTWSHU 5VZLJVU[LTWSHU 5VZLJVU[LTWSHU
Laborales JVU[LTWSHU
,Z[HKV ,Z[HKV+PW\[HJPV
7YLZ\W\LZ[VZ
9LT\ULYHJP}UVUV 4HUJVT\UPKHKLZ ULZ4HUJVT\UP
Financiamiento 4PUPZ[LYPV*HQHZ`
HHWYLUKPaVWH[Y}U +PW\[HJPVULZ` KHKLZ-LKLYHJPV
*VVWLYH[P]HZ
4\UPJPWPVZ ULZ¯
4PUPZ[LYPVKL
4PUPZ[LYPV
;YHIHQV`7YL]PZP}U
4PUPZ[LYPVKL;YH ,K\JHJP}U5HJPVUHS
4PUPZ[LYPVKLSH 7H[YVUH[VZ*HY[HZ
Regulación IHQV*VTLYJPVL 1\U[H*LU[YHSKH
.VILYUHJP}U -\UKHJPVUHSLZ
0UK\Z[YPH1\U[HZ -77H[YVUH[VZ
1\U[H*LU[YHSKL
5HJPVUHSLZ
SH-7
Fuente:,SHIVYHJP}UWYVWPHHWHY[PYKLSHZ3L`LZHUHSPaHKHZ
Ley de Ordenación
Ley General de Ley Orgánica Ley para la Mejora de
General del Sistema
Educación de Educación la Calidad Educativa
Educativo
;VKVLSHS\TUHKV
1}]LULZKL[VKHZSHZ ,U[YLLH|VZ
;VKVZSVZLZWH|VSLZ independientemente de
edades
sus condiciones
3PJLUJPHKV+PWSVTHKV ;x[\SVKL.YHKV-VY ;x[\SVKL.YHV

-70+PWSVTHKVV3P
;x[\SVKPKmJ[PJH`LZWL THJP}UWLKHN}NPJH` -VYTHJP}UWLKHN}NPJH
cenciado
JPHSPZ[HZ LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ `LZWLJPHSPZ[HZ
*PJSVZ-7)mZPJH*PJSV
-7.YHKV4LKPV-7 *PJSV.YHKV4LKPV
-70-700-7000 .YHKV4LKPV*PJSVZ
.YHKV:\WLYPVY *PJSV.YHKV:\WLYPVY
.YHKV:\WLYPVY
H|VZJHKHWLYxVKV =HYPHISL =HYPHISL J\YZVZ=HYPHISL
,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH .YHK\HKVVWY\LIH 7YPTLYJPJSV,:6

,.))HJOPSSLYH[VV-70
VWY\LIHKLHJJLZV HJJLZVH|VZ ;x[\SVZJ\YZVVWY\LIH
.YHK\HKVZ
)HJOPSSLYH[VVWY\LIH )HJOPSSLYH[VVWY\LIH HJJLZV;x[\SVZ
<UP]LYZP[HYPVZV-700
HJJLZVH|VZ HJJLZV H|VZ WY\LIHHJJLZV
;tJUPJV(\_PSPHY;tJUPJV ;tJUPJV*LY[PÄJHKV 7YVMLZPVUHS)mZPJV

;tJUPJV;tJUPJV
,ZWLJPHSPZ[H;tJUPJV ;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY ;tJUPJV
:\WLYPVY
:\WLYPVY+PWSVTHKV *LY[PÄJHKV ;tJUPJV:\WLYPVY
*LU[YVZKL-70*LU
*LU[YVZ:LJ\UKHYPH`
[YVZKL-700*LU[YVZ 0,:*LU[YVZPU[LNYHKVZ 0,:*LU[YVZPU[LNYHKVZ
)HJOPSSLYH[V*LU[YVZ-7
de FP III
¢H|VKL-70`-700 FCT FCT FCT
,U[PKHKLZWISPJHZ
3VZWVKLYLZWISPJVZ 3VZWVKLYLZWISPJVZ 3VZWVKLYLZWISPJVZ
WYP]HKHZ`WHY[PJ\SHYLZ
4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U ,Z[HKVH[YH]tZ ,Z[HKVH[YH]tZ

4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U
`*\S[\YHÔYNHUVZ (KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ (KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ
`*PLUJPH
**(( LK\JH[P]HZ LK\JH[P]HZ
Conclusiones
7HYHJVUJS\PY`[VTHUKVJVTVYLMLYLUJPHSH[HISH WVKLTVZOHJLYYLMLYLUJPHH\UHZLYPLKLHZWLJ[VZ
X\LTLYLJLUZLYJVTLU[HKVZ
7YPTLYVLUSH[HISHX\LYLJVNLSHZVJOVUVYTH[P]HZZLWVKLKPI\QHY\UHSxULHKP]PZVYPHPTHNPUHYPH
ZPLUKVSH3L`KLSSHX\LTHYJHLSWHZVKL,J\HKVY3HZP[\HTVZHOxWVYX\LSHZJ\H[YVUVYTH[P]HZ
WYLJLKLU[LZHSVZH|VZZL[LU[HLYHUL_JS\ZP]HZKLSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSZPUOHJLY\UPU[LU[V
OHZ[HLZLTVTLU[VWVYPUJS\PYSHLULSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V
3HWYPTLYH3L`HUHSPaHKH[YH[HZPTWSLTLU[LKLSHYLN\SHJP}UKL\UJVU[YH[VKL[YHIHQV`ZLYxHSV
X\LLU[LUKLTVZJVTVLSWYPTLYPU[LU[VKLMVYTHSPaHJP}UKL\UHMVYTHJP}UX\LJVTLUaHIHLUSHZ
LTWYLZHZYLTHYJHUKVSH]LYKHKLYHPTWVY[HUJPHX\LJVUJLKLUOV`LUKxHHSHZWYmJ[PJHZSHIVYHSLZ
,ULS,Z[H[\[VKL LSHS\TUHKV`WYVMLZVYHKVKLQHKLZLYWHY[LKL\UJVU[YH[V`HOVYHZLKPYPNL
ZVSVH[YHIHQHKVYLZ3HZLUZL|HUaHZ]HUKLZKLLSNYHKVLSLTLU[HSPUJS\ZVLSUP]LS\UP]LYZP[HYPV`
WHZHUHSSHTHYZLLUZL|HUaHZPUK\Z[YPHSLZJLU[YmUKVZLLUVJ\WHJPVULZ`[YHIHQVZKLSHZPUK\Z[YPHZ
UV PUJS\`LUKV V[YVZ VÄJPVZ 3HZ LUZL|HUaHZ ZVU KL JHYmJ[LY [L}YPJV ` THYJHU \UH QLYHYX\PaHJP}U
WYVMLZPVUHSLUIHZLHSHJSHZLZVJPHS`[LUPLUKVJHKHUP]LSZ\JVYYLZWVUKPLU[L[PWVKLLZJ\LSH`[PWV
KLHS\TUV
*\HUKV SSLNH LS ZPN\PLU[L ,Z[H[\[V SH YLVYNHUPaHJP}U KL SHZ LUZL|HUaHZ JHTIPH KL Z\LY[L X\L
WVKLTVZ ]PZS\TIYHY \UH PUZ[Y\JJP}U TmZ WYPTHYPH ZVJPHS ` WYmJ[PJH 3VZ LZ[\KPVZ LSLTLU[HSLZ `
TLKPVZKLSHU[LYPVY,Z[H[\[VWHYLJLUJVIYHY[V[HSWYV[HNVUPZTVKLQHUKVKLSHKVHSHHU[LYPVYLUZL
|HUaHMHJ\S[H[P]HHSVQmUKVZLKLSVZLZ[\KPVZZ\WLYPVYLZ(KLTmZKLQHYHKLKP]PKPYHSVIYLYVLUM\U
JP}UKLSHWYVWVYJP}UKL[YHIHQVTHU\HSVPU[LSLJ[\HSKLQHUKV]LYX\L[VKHZSHZWYVMLZPVULZ[PLULU
\UNYHKVKLPU[LSLJ[\HSPKHK`THU\HSPKHK`KLÄUPLUKVJHKHUP]LSMVYTH[P]VZLN\UKVZ\VJ\WHJP}U
7HYLJLX\LLSU\L]V,Z[H[\[VZLLUZHUJOHVZL]\LS]LTmZOVYPaVU[HSZPUHSHYNHYZL[HU[VJVTVSV
OHJxHLSHU[LYPVY
(SHWHYLJLYSH3L`KL SVZ[x[\SVZOHISHUKL\UHTH`VYWYLZLUJPHKLSHLTWYLZHLZKLJPYSH
MVYTHJP}UZPN\LKPYPNPtUKVZLHVIYLYVZWLYVLZ[H]LaLZ[mT\`SPNHKHHSZLJ[VYPUK\Z[YPHSJVTVIPLU
ZL]PZ\HSPaHLULSNYHKVKL(WYLUKPaHQLKVUKLOHISHKLQ}]LULZJVU[YH[HKVZJVTVHWYLUKPJLZWVY
SHZLTWYLZHZ
3H3L`.LULYHSKL,K\JHJP}UKLZ[HJHSHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSJVTV\UJVTWSLTLU[VKLSHLK\
JHJP}UNLULYHS;PLUL\UHWVZPJP}UHTIPN\HHSPUJS\PYZLKLU[YVKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VWLYV[YH[HYSH
HWHY[L(IHUKVUHYmSHKP]PZP}ULU[YLHWYLUKPaVÄJPHS`THLZ[YV`ZLLZ[Y\J[\YHYmLUNYHKVZWHYH
[VKVLSHS\TUHKV,SHJJLZV]PLULKL[LYTPUHKVWVYSHÄUHSPaHJP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ
HJHKHUP]LSLK\JH[P]V`Z\WVULUSHKLÄUP[P]HJLU[YHSPaHJP}UKLSZPZ[LTHLUTHUVZKLS.VIPLYUV`KLS
4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U
3H3L`KL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]VTHYJHLSUHJPTPLU[VKLSVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZ
JVU\UHVYNHUPaHJP}ULUT}K\SVZ`\UPKHKLZKLJVTWL[LUJPH`ZVIYL[VKVSHHTWSPHJP}UKLSLZJL
UHYPVMVYTH[P]VHSVZS\NHYLZKL[YHIHQV3H-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSHWHYLJLJVTV]xHKLLZWLJPHSPaH
JP}U`J\HSPÄJHJP}UWHYHLSHJJLZVHSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSWVYSV[HU[VLZ[mHKZJYP[VHSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V
JHTIPHUKVZ\YLN\SHJP}UHS4PUPZ[LYPVKL,K\JHJP}U7VSx[PJH:VJPHS`+LWVY[L`SHTH`VYWHY[LKL
Z\ZJVTWL[LUJPHZLZ[mU[YHZWHZHKHZHSHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ(\[}UVTHZ
3H3L`6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}UZ}SVOHJLJHTIPVZT\`WYLJPZVZLULSMVYTH[VKLSH3L`HU[LYPVY
+LU[YVKLSHZLUZL|HUaHZLSNYHKVTLKPVZLYmJVUZPKLYHKH,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH7VZ[VISPNH[VYPH`
SHKLNYHKVZ\WLYPVYZLYmJVUZPKLYHKH,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVY*VU[PUHU[LUPLUKVVYNHUPaHJP}UTVK\
SHY`K\YHJP}U]HYPHISL3HUV]LKHKLZ[mLUSHÅL_PIPSPaHJP}UKLSVZJYP[LYPVZKLHJJLZVX\LOHJLX\L
Z\LTWL|VLULSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHZLJ\TWSHHSWLYTP[PYSHYLPUJVYWVYHJP}UHSZPZ[LTH
3HS[PTH3L`ZL[YH[HKL\UHYmWPKHTVKPÄJHJP}UKLSH3L`HU[LYPVY,SUP]LSLK\JH[P]VVIQL[VKLLZ[\
KPVJHTIPHZVIYL[VKVJVUSHHWHYPJP}UKLSVZJPJSVZKL-7)mZPJHX\LMVYTHUWHY[LKLSH-VYTHJP}U
7YVMLZPVUHSWLYVZLPUZJYPILUKLU[YVKLSHMVYTHJP}UImZPJH`HKLTmZZLSLZLZ[PW\SH\UHK\YHJP}U
ÄQHKLKVZH|VZ
5\LZ[YVZ VIQL[P]VZ LYHU HWYV_PTHYZL H SHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ KL SHZ UVYTH[P]HZ SLNHSLZ
X\L LZ[HISLJPLYVU LS ZPZ[LTH KL SH -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS YLÅLQHY SH L]VS\JP}U OPZ[}YPJH KL SHZ SL`LZ `
YLHSPaHY\UHUmSPZPZJVTWHYH[P]VWHYHJVTWYLUKLYTLQVYSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
,SYLJVYYPKVSLNPZSH[P]VKLZKLPUPJPVZKLSZPNSV??WVZPIPSP[}[LULY\UHHTWSPHWHUVYmTPJHKLSH-VYTHJP}U
7YVMLZPVUHS`KLSPTP[HYJVUTH`VYWLYZWLJ[P]HZ\ZWYPUJPWHSLZYHZNVZKLPKLU[PKHKKLIPKVH\UHUmSPZPZX\L
J\STPUHLUJ\HKYVZX\LL_WVULUSHZJ\HSPKHKLZ`JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLSHUVYTH[P]HZLSLJJPVUHKHKLTHULYH
YLWYLZLU[H[P]H`LZX\LTm[PJH3HZ[HISHZZVUKLJHYmJ[LYL_WVZP[P]V`HX\LV[VYNHUT\JOHPUMVYTHJP}U
KLMVYTHIYL]L`MmJPSKLSLLY`LU[LUKLY`HKLTmZZPY]LUWHYHVYNHUPaHYSVZKH[VZJ\HSP[H[P]VZ3H]PZP}U
NSVIHSX\LVMYLJLUZVIYL[VKVSHS[PTH[HISHOHJLJYLHY\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HOPZ[}YPJHKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVML
ZPVUHSH[YH]tZKLSHZSL`LZX\LWLYTP[LJVU\UUPJV`YmWPKV]PZ[HaV[LULY\UJYVX\PZT\`NYmÄJVKLZ\
L]VS\JP}U`X\LW\LKLZLU[HYSHZIHZLZWHYHM\[\YVZ[YHIHQVZX\LJVU\UTH`VYUP]LSKLWYVM\UKPaHJP}U
H`\KLUHJVTWYLUKLYSH[YH`LJ[VYPHKLSHZ,UZL|HUaHZ7YVMLZPVUHSLZLU,ZWH|H
Referencias
*HIYLYH 9VKYxN\La 3 1 3H -7 LU ,ZWH|H HU[LZ KL SH 3L` .LULYHS KL ,K\JHJP}U KL
Revista de Educación
,JOL]LYYxH:HTHULZ) Formaci}U Profesional. Guía para el seguimiento de su evoluci}n. )HYJL
SVUH!77<
.VUamSLa(`:HUa9 +LSHYLSL]HUJPHKLSHZYLMVYTHZLK\JH[P]HZLUSHL]VS\JP}UKLSHMVYTHJP}U
KLSWYVMLZVYHKVKLLK\JHJP}UZLJ\UKHYPHProfesorado18
3L` KL KL HNVZ[V .LULYHS KL ,K\JHJP}U ` -PUHUJPHJP}U KL SH 9LMVYTH ,K\JH[P]H )6,

3L`KLKL1\SPVKL KL*VU[YH[VKL(WYLUKPaHQL.HJL[HKL4HKYPKUT
3L`KLKLQ\SPVKL KL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS0UK\Z[YPHS)6,
3L`6YNmUPJH KLKLVJ[\IYLKL6YKLUHJP}U.LULYHSKLS:PZ[LTH,K\JH[P]V)6,
3L`6YNmUPJHKLKLTH`VKL,K\JHJP}U)6,
3L`6YNmUPJHKL KLQ\UPVKLSHZ*\HSPÄJHJPVULZ`SHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS)6,
3L`6YNmUPJHKL KLKPJPLTIYLWHYHSH4LQVYHKLSH*HSPKHK,K\JH[P]H)6,
3}WLa5VN\LYV-,SHUmSPZPZKLJVU[LUPKVJVTVTt[VKVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UEn Clave Pedag}gica,
4,
7HYLKLZ 9 ,TWYLZH ` LZJ\LSH ¦SHZ KVZ JHYHZ KL SH TVULKH& Padres y Maestros / Journal of
Parents and Teachers,
7VY[H3L:PS]H43HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UJ\HSP[H[P]H!,S(UmSPZPZKL*VU[LUPKVLUSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULK\JH
[P]H9LJ\WLYHKVKL: O[[W!HIHJVLUYLKJVT^WJVU[LU[\WSVHKZ(U*(SPZPZKLJVU
[LUPKVLUPU]LZ[PNHJP*)ULK\JH[P]H<547<57(WKMWKM
9LHS +LJYL[V HWYVIHUKV LS ,Z[H[\[V KL ,UZL|HUaH 0UK\Z[YPHS KL .HJL[H KL 4HKYPK UT

9LHS+LJYL[VHWYVIHUKVLS,Z[H[\[VKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKL .HJL[HKL4HKYPKUT

9PHS:mUJOLa( La formaci}UWYVfesional: Introducci}UHist}rica, Dise|o de curriculum y Evalua-
ci}n. :HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH!;}YJ\SV
:HYJLKH.VYNVZV 4* Dese|V en formaci}U ocupacional e inserci}U laboral. =PNV! :LY]PaV KL
7\ISPJHJP}UZKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL=PNV
:HYJLKH.VYNVZV4*`7LUHKV93HZ9LMVYTHZLU-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKLZKLSH]VaKLZ\Z
WYV[HNVUPZ[HZ!SHOPZ[VYPHKL1HPTL9L]PZ[H,K\JHJP}U7VSx[PJH`:VJPLKHK

Alba Souto-Seijo
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H ,JVSVNxHZKL
Patricia Romero
Mercedes González-Sanmamed
aprendizaje a lo largo
Eduardo Rodríguez Machado
de la vida: un estudio
de caso
Learning ecologies
throughout life:
a case study
Resumen
+HKVX\L]P]PTVZLU\UT\UKVSSLUVKLPU[LYYVNHU[LZ
`KLZHMxVZJHKH]LaJVIYHUTH`VYPTWVY[HUJPHSVZWYVJL
ZVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHS,_PZ[L\UH
ULJLZPKHKKLJVUÅ\LUJPHLU[YLSVZKP]LYZVZTLJHUPZTVZ
PTWSPJHKVZ LU LZ[VZ WYVJLZVZ ` LS JVUJLW[V KL LJVSV
NxHZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL W\LKL H`\KHY H ]PZ\HSPaHYSVZ IHQV SH
WLYZWLJ[P]HKLHTWSPHY`WV[LUJPHYU\L]HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZ
MVYTH[P]HZ,ULSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVZLHUHSPaHLSHWYLUKPaHQL
HSVSHYNVKLSH[YH`LJ[VYPHWYVMLZPVUHSKL\UKVJLU[LKL
,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPHX\L\ZHSHZ;0*KLTHULYHPU[LUZP]H
WHYH Z\ MVYTHJP}U 3VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ T\LZ[YHU J}TV LZ[L
KVJLU[L ZL THU[PLUL HJ[\HSPaHKV NYHJPHZ HS \ZV KL SH
[LJUVSVNxH`J}TVLZVSLMVY[HSLJL`SLWVZPIPSP[HTLQVYHY
Z\Z JVTWL[LUJPHZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ ,Z[L LZ[\KPV KL JHZV
WLYTP[L PKLU[PÄJHY SHZ KPZ[PU[HZ VWVY[\UPKHKLZ KL MVYTH
JP}UX\LL_PZ[LUNYHJPHZHSVZTLKPVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZTmZ
HSSmKLSHZVMLY[HZMVYTH[P]HZKLJHYmJ[LYMVYTHS7VY[VKV
LSSVLZPTWVY[HU[LX\LSHZKPMLYLU[LZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH
[P]HZ[LUNHULUJ\LU[HSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKL
JHYmJ[LYPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHSWHYHX\LtZ[HZZLHUYLJV
UVJPKHZ`]HSVYHKHZLUSHHZ\UJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
WYVMLZPVUHSLZ
Palabras clave: LJVSVNxHZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL HWYLUKP
aHQLJVU[PU\VWYVMLZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPHKLZH
YYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`
SHJVT\UPJHJP}U
Abstract
)LJH\ZL^LSP]LPUH^VYSK^P[OTHU`JOHSSLUNLZMVYTHSUVUMVYTHSHUKPUMVYTHSSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZLZ
ILJVTL PUJYLHZPUNS` PTWVY[HU[ ;OLYL PZ H ULLK MVY JVU]LYNLUJL VM [OLT HUK [OL JVUJLW[ VM SLHYUPUN
LJVSVNPLZHSSV^Z\Z[V]PZ\HSPaLHSS[OLZLHZWLJ[Z^P[O[OLHPTVMWYV]PKPUN\Z^P[OUL^SLHYUPUNVWWVY[\UP
[PLZ0U[OPZYLZLHYJOSLHYUPUNPZZ[\KPLKHSVUN[OLWYVMLZZPVUHS[YHQLJ[VY`VMH7YPTHY`,K\JH[PVU[LHJOLY
ÔV\ZLZ0*;PU[LUZP]LS`MVY[OLPYSLHYUPUN;OLYLZ\S[ZZOVÔV^[OPZ[LHJOLYRLLWZ\WKH[LK[OYV\NO[OL
\ZLVM[LJOUVSVN`HUKOV^[OH[Z[YLUN[OLUZOPTHUKLUHISLZOPT[VPTWYV]LOPZWYVMLZZPVUHSZRPSSZ;OPZ
JHZLZ[\K`HSSV^Z\Z[VPKLU[PM`[OLKPќLYLU[SLHYUPUNVWWVY[\UP[PLZ[OH[L_PZ[K\L[V[LJOUVSVNPJHSYLZV\YJLZ
IL`VUK[OLSPTP[ZVMMVYTHSLK\JH[PVU-VYHSS[OLZLYLHZVUZP[PZPTWVY[HU[[OH[[OLKPќLYLU[LK\JH[PVUHS
PUZ[P[\[PVUZ[HRLPU[VHJJV\U[PUMVYTHSHUKUVUMVYTHSSLHYUPUNL_WLYPLUJLZZV[OH[[OL`HYLYLJVNUPaLKHUK
]HS\LKPU[OLHZZ\TW[PVUVMWYVMLZZPVUHSJVTWL[LUJLZ
Keywords:SLHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZSPMLSVUNSLHYUPUN[LHJOLYZVM7YPTHY`,K\JH[PVU[LHJOLYWYVMLZZPVUHS
KL]LSVWTLU[[LJOUVSVN`VM[OLPUMVYTH[PVUHUKJVTT\UPJH[PVU
Introducción
+LIPKVHX\L]P]PTVZLU\UT\UKVSSLUVKLPU[LYYVNHU[LZ`KLZHMxVZJHKH]La[PLULUTH`VYPTWVY
[HUJPHSVZWYVJLZVZMVYTH[P]VZ(ZxZLOH]\LS[VULJLZHYPVHZ\TPYLSJVUJLW[VHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH
]PKH,ULSJHZVKLSVZKVJLU[LZLZPUKPZJ\[PISL`HX\LtZ[VZKLILUTHU[LULYZLHJ[\HSPaHKVZWHYHKHY
YLZW\LZ[HHSHZU\L]HZKLTHUKHZÙLJLZPKHKLZLK\JH[P]HZKLSHZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSHKLTmZKLNHYHU[PaHY
HS[VZUP]LSLZKLJHSPKHKKLSHLUZL|HUaH0TILYU}U,SWYVMLZVYHKVUVZ}SV[PLULSHULJLZPKHKKL
HWYLUKLY ZPUV SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK KL LUZL|HY LU \U LU[VYUV JHTIPHU[L ` WVY LSSV Z\ MVYTHJP}U KLIL
LU[LUKLYZLJVTV\UJVU[PU\VX\LWHZHWVY]HYPHZMHZLZ
*VTVJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHPULZ[HIPSPKHKX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHHSHZVJPLKHKLUSHX\L]P]PTVZZLW\LKLHÄY
THYX\LLSJVUVJPTPLU[V[PLULMLJOHKLJHK\JPKHK`WVYLZLTV[P]VUPUNUJP\KHKHUVZLW\LKLJVUMVY
THYJVUSVZZHILYLZX\LHKX\PYP}LUZ\L[HWHKLMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSW\LZ[VX\LT\JOVZKLLSSVZYLZ\S[HYmU
VIZVSL[VZ,Z[HULJLZPKHKKLMVYTHJP}UJVU[PU\H]PLULPTW\SZHKHLUNYHUTLKPKHWVYSHPUJVYWVYHJP}U
KL SHZ [LJUVSVNxHZ KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U ` SH JVT\UPJHJP}U ;0* SHZ J\HSLZ Q\LNHU \U WHWLS M\UKHTLU[HS
9PJH\Y[L*VULSWHZVKLSVZH|VZZLOHJVTWYVIHKVX\LSHZ;0*LZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLU[VKVZSVZ
JVU[L_[VZKLSH]PKH`HTLKPKHX\LZLKLZHYYVSSHU]HUNLULYHUKVU\L]HZMVYTHZKLHWYLUKLY.VUam
SLa:HUTHTLK:HUNYm:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]LaSVJ\HSYLX\PLYL\UJHTIPVHSHOVYHKLLU[LUKLYSH
LK\JHJP}U.HYJxH(YL[PV
7VY\UHWHY[LSHZ;0*OHUWVZPIPSP[HKVSHJYLHJP}UKLU\L]VZZPZ[LTHZKLMVYTHJP}UKLIPKVHX\LSH
TVKHSPKHKTmZ[YHKPJPVUHS[HTIPtUKLUVTPUHKHMVYTHSWYLZLU[HWH\SH[PUHTLU[LTmZSPTP[HJPVULZWHYH
KHYYLZW\LZ[HHSHZULJLZPKHKLZKLSVZKVJLU[LZ*HYYPS.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK`:LSStZ(ZxJHKH
]La[PLULUTmZPTWVY[HUJPHSVZWYVJLZVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHS7LYVWVYV[YHWHY[LLZ[V
PUJYLTLU[HSHKLTHUKHKLKVJLU[LZX\LZLHUJVTWL[LU[LZKPNP[HSTLU[L`X\LZLHKHW[LUHSHZ[YHUZMVY
THJPVULZX\LVJ\YYLUKxHHKxHKLTHULYHHJLSLYHKH*HYYPS`.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK
+LHJ\LYKVJVU*VIV`4VYH]LJL_PZ[L\UHULJLZPKHKKLJVUÅ\LUJPHLU[YLSVZJVUJLW[VZ
KLLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHS`LSJVUJLW[VKLLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTP[L]PZ\HSPaHY
[VKVZLZVZHZWLJ[VZJVULSVIQL[P]VKLWYVWVYJPVUHYUVZU\L]HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL;HS`JVTV
HÄYTH)HYYVUW¸\UHLJVSVNxHKLHWYLUKPaHQLZLKLÄULJVTVLSJVUQ\U[VKLJVU[L_[VZOHSSHKVZ
LULZWHJPVZMxZPJVZV]PY[\HSLZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHUVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL*HKHJVU[L_[VJVTWYLUKL
\UHJVUÄN\YHJP}UUPJHKLHJ[P]PKHKLZYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZYLSHJPVULZWLYZVUHSLZ`SHZPU[LYHJJPVULZX\L
Z\YNLUKLLSSVZ¹
(KLTmZKLSHJHWHJPKHKKLJVULJ[HYSVZKPMLYLU[LZJVU[L_[VZWVYSVZX\L]HTVZWHZHUKVHSVSHYNVKL
U\LZ[YH]PKHSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQL[PLULUKPTLUZPVULZ[LTWVYHSLZ`LZWHJPHSLZ1HJRZVU
WVYSVX\LLZ[LLUMVX\LYLZ\S[HT\`]HSPVZVHSHOVYHKLOHISHYKLLK\JHJP}UWLYTHULU[L7VY[VKVLSSVLZ
PTWVY[HU[LX\LJHKHPUKP]PK\VZLHJVUZJPLU[LKLJ\mSLZZVUSVZJVU[L_[VZ`VLSLTLU[VZX\LJVUMVYTHU
Z\LJVSVNxHKLHWYLUKPaHQL`HX\LW\LKLZLY\UHLZ[YH[LNPHT\`[PSX\LUVZH`\KLHHJ[\HSPaHYUVZ[HU[V
HUP]LSWLYZVUHSJVTVWYVMLZPVUHS4HPUH`.HYJxH":HUNYm.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK`.\P[LY[
Objetivo
,SVIQL[P]VKLLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULZKL[LYTPUHYJ}TVHWYLUKL\UKVJLU[LX\LPTWHY[LKVJLUJPHLU
,K\JHJP}U7YPTHYPH`X\L\[PSPaHSHZ;0*KLTHULYHPU[LUZP]HWHYHZ\MVYTHJP}U
Método
,ULSWYLZLU[L[YHIHQVZLOHLTWSLHKV\UHTL[VKVSVNxHKLJVY[LJ\HSP[H[P]VSHJ\HSWYL[LUKL¸JVT
WYLUKLYLPU[LYWYL[HYSHYLHSPKHKSVZZPNUPÄJHKVZ`SHZHJJPVULZKLSHZWLYZVUHZJVULSVIQL[P]VÄUHSKL
JVUZ[Y\PYJVUVJPTPLU[VU\L]V¹(YHU[aHTLUKP3}WLa+PJHZ[PSSV`=P]HYW(ZPTPZTVSHLZ[YH[L
NPHTL[VKVS}NPJHLSLNPKHWHYHKLZHYYVSSHYLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UOHZPKVLSLZ[\KPVKLJHZV\UHLZ[YH[LNPHT\`
LTWSLHKHLUPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULK\JH[P]H@PU
7HY[PJPWHU[L
,SWHY[PJPWHU[LOHZPKV\UKVJLU[LKLH|VZKL\U*VSLNPVKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS`7YPTHYPH*,07
KL SH JP\KHK KL ( *VY\|H ,Z[L WYVMLZVY LZ[\KP} 4HNPZ[LYPV WVY SH LZWLJPHSPKHK KL ,K\JHJP}U -xZPJH `
WVZ[LYPVYTLU[L7ZPJVWLKHNVNxH(JVU[PU\HJP}UJ\YZ}\UKVJ[VYHKVYLHSPaHUKV\UH[LZPZJLU[YHKHLU
SHZ;0*(ZPTPZTVLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKLZTPLTIYVKLS,X\PWVKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U,K\JH[P]HKLSH<UP]LYZPKHKL
KH*VY\|HKVUKL[HTIPtUPTWHY[LKVJLUJPH
0UZ[Y\TLU[V
3HLU[YL]PZ[HOHZPKVSH[tJUPJHLSLNPKHWHYHYLJVNLYSVZKH[VZ4mZJVUJYL[HTLU[LZLOH\[PSPaHKVSH
LU[YL]PZ[HLZ[Y\J[\YHKHHIPLY[H[HTIPtUSSHTHKHLU[YL]PZ[HLUWYVM\UKPKHK*VYIPU`:[YH\ZZ,U
LZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLOHUYLHSPaHKVKVZLU[YL]PZ[HZ!LUWYPTLYS\NHY\UHLU[YL]PZ[HIPVNYmÄJHPUPJPHSJVU
SHÄUHSPKHKKLJVUVJLYSH[YH`LJ[VYPHKLSKVJLU[LWHYHWVKLYJVTWYLUKLYZ\OPZ[VYPHKL]PKH,UZLN\UKV
S\NHY\UHLU[YL]PZ[HHJLYJHKLSVZTLJHUPZTVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LZLWVULULUQ\LNVLULSWYVJLZVKL
HJ[\HSPaHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L,Z[HS[PTHLU[YL]PZ[HWLYTP[LPKLU[PÄJHYSVZLU[VYUVZLUSVZX\LZLWYV
K\JLLSHWYLUKPaHQLHKLTmZKLVIZLY]HYLSWHWLSX\LQ\LNHUSHZ;0*LU[VKVLZ[LWYVJLZVKLMVYTHJP}U
7YVJLKPTPLU[V
7YPTLYHTLU[LZLSLLU]P}\UHJHY[HHSKVJLU[LZLSLJJPVUHKVH[YH]tZKLSHJ\HSZLSLPU]P[}HWHY[PJPWHY
LUSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UHZLN\YHUKVZPLTWYLSHJVUÄKLUJPHSPKHK`LSHUVUPTH[VHKLTmZKLL_WSPJHYSLSHPTWVY
[HUJPHKLSLZ[\KPV`LSVIQL[P]VKLSTPZTV(JVU[PU\HJP}UZLYLZVS]PLYVUZ\ZK\KHZ`ZLÄQHYVUSVZKxHZ
WHYHYLHSPaHYSHZKVZLU[YL]PZ[HZWYVNYHTHKHZ*VUSHÄUHSPKHKKLYLNPZ[YHYJVUÄKLSPKHKSHPU[LYHJJP}ULU[YL
LSLU[YL]PZ[HKVY`LSLU[YL]PZ[HKVZLLTWSL}\UHNYHIHKVYH(J[VZLN\PKVZLWYVJLKP}HSH[YHUZJYPWJP}UKL
SHZTPZTHZ`WVZ[LYPVYTLU[LHSHUmSPZPZX\LZLSSL]}HJHIVH[YH]tZKLSTt[VKVJVTWHYH[P]VJVUZ[HU[L
.SHZLY`:[YH\ZZ +LZW\tZKL\UHSLJ[\YHLUWYVM\UKPKHKKLSVZKH[VZZLPUPJP}LSWYVJLZVKLJVKP
ÄJHJP}UTLKPHU[LSHPKLU[PÄJHJP}UKLWHSHIYHZMYHZLZVWmYYHMVZJVUZPKLYHKVZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZKLHJ\LYKV
HSVIQL[P]VKLSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U4PSLZ/\ILYTHU`:HSKH|H,Z[LLZ[LWYVJLKPTPLU[VZLLTWSL}\U
LZX\LTH KL HUmSPZPZ WHYH JHKH LU[YL]PZ[H JVU SH ÄUHSPKHK KL PKLU[PÄJHY ` VYNHUPaHY SH PUMVYTHJP}U TmZ
YLSL]HU[L
,ULSLZX\LTHWHYHSHJVKPÄJHJP}UKLSVZKH[VZIPVNYmÄJVZZLKPMLYLUJPHIHUJSHYHTLU[LSHKPTLUZP}U
WLYZVUHS`SHKPTLUZP}UWYVMLZPVUHS3HWYPTLYHKLLSSHZYL\UxH[VKHSHPUMVYTHJP}UYLSH[P]HHSH[YH`LJ[VYPH
LZJVSHYKLSZ\QL[VHIHYJHUKVKLZKLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZLZJVSHYLZOHZ[HSHZPUÅ\LUJPHZX\LSLOHUTHYJHKV
KLHSN\UHTHULYHWHZHUKVWVYZ\ZL_WLJ[H[P]HZ`TV[P]HJPVULZ,UZLN\UKVS\NHYLUSHKPTLUZP}UWYV
MLZPVUHSZLHNY\WHIHUSVZKH[VZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUZ\ZL_WLYPLUJPHZSHIVYHSLZ[HU[VKLSWHZHKVJVTVKLS
presente.
,U SV X\L YLZWLJ[H HS LZX\LTH WHYH LS HUmSPZPZ KL SH LU[YL]PZ[H ZVIYL TLJHUPZTVZ KL HWYLUKPaHQL
tZ[LZLLUJVU[YHIHKP]PKPKVLU[YLZNYHUKLZJH[LNVYxHZ!JVUJLWJPVULZZVIYLLSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[L
YLJ\YZVZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`HJJPVULZKLSHWYLUKPaHQL,SWYPTLYHZWLJ[VOHJxHYLMLYLUJPHHSH]HSVYHJP}U`
TV[P]HJP}UKLSWHY[PJPWHU[LKLJHYHHSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[L,USHZLN\UKHJH[LNVYxHZLYLJVNPLYVUSVZ
TLKPVZÒLYYHTPLU[HZX\LLTWSLHIHLZ[LKVJLU[LWHYHZH[PZMHJLYZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZKP]PKPtU
KVSVZLUYLJ\YZVZWLYZVUHSLZ`YLJ\YZVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZ7VYS[PTVLULSHWHY[HKVKLHJJPVULZKLSHWYLU
KPaHQLZLVYNHUPaHYVU[VKVZSVZKH[VZYLSH[P]VZHSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZX\LLZ[LWYVMLZPVUHSYLHSPaHIHKLJHYHH
TLQVYHYZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS`WVYSV[HU[VLQLYJLYZ\WYVMLZP}UKLTHULYH}W[PTH(Zx`KHKVX\LSHZ
PUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ`HUVZVUSVZUPJVZS\NHYLZKVUKLVJ\YYLLSHWYLUKPaHQLSHPUMVYTHJP}UZLKP]PKP}
LU[YLZZ\IJH[LNVYxHZ!MVYTHJP}UPUZ[P[\JPVUHSPaHKHVMVYTHS[PLULS\NHYLUJLU[YVZLK\JH[P]VZ`KLTHULYH
LZ[Y\J[\YHKHMVYTHJP}UPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHSOHJLHS\ZP}UHSHWYLUKPaHQLX\LZLHKX\PLYLH[YH]tZKLSHZ
HJ[P]PKHKLZKLSH]PKHJV[PKPHUHLULS[YHIHQVLUSHMHTPSPH`H\[VMVYTHJP}UHJJPVULZX\LSVZKVJLU[LZ
SSL]HUHJHIVWVYZ\WYVWPHPUPJPH[P]HWHYHTHU[LULYZLHJ[\HSPaHKVZ
Resultados
3VZYLZ\S[HKVZT\LZ[YHUJ}TVLSWHY[PJPWHU[LLZ[mT\`JVUJPLUJPHKVJVULSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKL
SH]PKH`HX\LHÄYTHX\LHWLZHYKLX\LSHMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSLZSHIHZLSHMVYTHJP}UWLYTHULU[LLUNSVIH
[VKHU\LZ[YH]PKH*VUYLZWLJ[VHZ\WYVJLZVKLHJ[\HSPaHJP}ULZ[LKVJLU[LV[VYNHT\JOHPTWVY[HUJPH
HSVZYLJ\YZVZWLYZVUHSLZWLYVHSTPZTV[PLTWVYLJVUVJLX\LSVZYLJ\YZVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZZ\WLYHUHSVZ
HU[LYPVYLZWVYX\LLZ[LmTIP[VSLNLULYH\UTH`VYPU[LYtZ`TV[P]HJP}UWHYHZLN\PYHWYLUKPLUKVKxHHKxH
,Z[LWYVMLZVYL_WSPJHX\LSHHJ[\HSPaHJP}UH[YH]tZKLSHZPU[LYHJJPVULZJVUZ\ZJVTWH|LYVZLZ\UV
KL SVZ TLJHUPZTVZ TmZ PTWVY[HU[LZ H SH OVYH KL MVYTHYZL `H X\L SHZ L_WLYPLUJPHZ JVU SVZ KLTmZ SL
H`\KHU`SLHWVY[HUT\JOV(ZxHSOHISHYKLSVZLU[VYUVZX\LMVYTHUWHY[LKLZ\LJVSVNxHKLHWYLUKPaHQL
JVTVKVJLU[LHÄYTHX\L[VKVZSVZJVTWVULU[LZZVUM\UKHTLU[HSLZWVYX\LH\UX\LT\JOHZ]LJLZUV
LZJVUZJPLU[L[HTIPtULZ[mHWYLUKPLUKV,ULZ[LW\U[VKLZ[HJHZ\YLSHJP}UJVUWLYZVUHZX\LKVTPUHIHU
SHZ;0*`X\LSLH`\KHYVUHHKLU[YHYZLLULZ[LT\UKV,Z[LLZ\UHZWLJ[VKLNYHUYLSL]HUJPH`HX\LLZ[L
KVJLU[LLZ[mT\`JVTWYVTL[PKVJVUSHZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLZKLX\LWYLZLU[}Z\Z[LZPZHJLYJHKLLZ[H
[LTm[PJHiSYLSH[HX\LSLN\Z[HLZ[HYJVUZ[HU[LTLU[LHWYLUKPLUKVHTLKPKHX\LSHZWSH[HMVYTHZVYLJ\Y
ZVZKPNP[HSLZLK\JH[P]VZ]HUH]HUaHUKV`HX\LLZ\UHTHULYHKLTHU[LULYZLHJ[\HSPaHKV
(KLTmZKLWHY[PJPWHYLU]HYPVZJ\YZVZMVYTH[P]VZZVIYL[LJUVSVNxH[HTIPtUSVZPTWHY[L`HX\LJYLL
X\LLZLZLUJPHSX\LSVZKVJLU[LZ[LUNHU\UKVTPUPVImZPJVWHYHZ\LTWSLVLULSH\SH(ZPTPZTVLU[YL
V[YHZJVZHZtSWHY[PJPWHLU]HYPVZWYV`LJ[VZLK\JH[P]VZKPNP[HSLZSSL]H]HYPHZWmNPUHZ^LIZJVSHIVYHLU
KPMLYLU[LZISVNZLK\JH[P]VZJYLHTH[LYPHSLZLK\JH[P]VZKPNP[HSLZLPTWHY[LKVJLUJPHVUSPULLU\UH<UP]LY
ZPKHK,STH`VYILULÄJPVX\LLZ[LTHLZ[YVKLZ[HJHKLSLTWSLVKLSHZ;0*LZSHJVUZ[HUJPHKLYLJPJSHYZL
WYVMLZPVUHSTLU[L `H X\L LZ[L [PWV KL OLYYHTPLU[HZ ZL Z\LSLU HJ[\HSPaHY JVUZ[HU[LTLU[L ` WHYH tS LZ
PTWVY[HU[LTHU[LULYZLHSKxH
-PUHSTLU[LLUSVX\LZLYLÄLYLHSHZHJJPVULZKLHWYLUKPaHQLLZ[LWYVMLZVY\[PSPaHPUKPZ[PU[HTLU[LSHZ
WVZPIPSPKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHSHKLTmZKLSHH\[VMVYTHJP}USHJ\HSJVUZPKLYH
X\LOHZPKV`LZPUKPZWLUZHISLLUZ\WYmJ[PJHJVTVKVJLU[L(KLTmZKLOHJLYJ\YZVZZLMVYTHH[YH]tZ
KL]PKLV[\[VYPHSLZX\LtSTPZTVI\ZJHH[YH]tZKLPU[LYUL[7VYLSSVZLW\LKLVIZLY]HYJ}TVLZ\UHWLY
ZVUHX\LHWYLUKLKLTHULYHIHZ[HU[LH\[}UVTHN\PmUKVZLWVYHX\LSSVX\LX\PLYLHWYLUKLYÌ\ZJHUKV
PUMVYTHJP}UKLTHULYHJVU[PU\HKHWHYHX\LZ\MVYTHJP}UZLHSVTmZL_OH\Z[P]H`WLYZVUHSPaHKHWVZPISL
Conclusiones
([YH]tZKLLZ[LLZ[\KPVKLJHZVZLOHVIZLY]HKVJ}TVLS\ZVKLSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`SH
JVT\UPJHJP}UMVY[HSLJLUSVZWYVJLZVZMVYTH[P]VZ`WVZPIPSP[HU\UHTLQVYHKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUH
SLZ(ZxLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UOHWLYTP[PKVPKLU[PÄJHYSHZKPMLYLU[LZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHJ[\HSPaHJP}UX\LL_PZ[LU
NYHJPHZHSVZTLKPVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZTmZHSSmKLSHZVMLY[HZMVYTH[P]HZKLJHYmJ[LYMVYTHS
7VYLSSVZLJVUZPKLYHPTWVY[HU[LX\LSHZKPMLYLU[LZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ[LUNHULUJVUZPKLYHJP}U
SHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLKLJHYmJ[LYPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHSWHYHX\LtZ[HZZLHUYLJVUVJPKHZ`]HSV
YHKHZLUSHHZ\UJP}UKLSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
Referencias
(YHU[aHTLUKP4"3}WLa+PJHZ[PSSV6 =P]HY*.Investigación cualitativa. Manual para princi-

piantes.7HTWSVUH!,\UH[L
)HYYVU)3LHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZMVY[LJOUVSVNPJHSÅ\LUJ`!NLUKLYHUKL_WLYPLUJLKPќLYLUJLZ1V\Y
UHSVM,K\JH[PVUHS*VTW\[PUN9LZLHYJOKVP!O[[WZ!KVPVYN 5==9)
=(
*HYYPS7.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4`:LSStZ57LKHNVNPJHSYVSLZHUK*VTWL[LUJPLZVM<UP]LYZP[`
[LHJOLYZWYHJ[PJPUNPU[OLLSLHYUPUNLU]PYVUTLU[The International Review of Research in Open and
Distributed Learning
*HYYPS7`.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK43HPU[LNYHJP}UKLSHZ;0*LUSH\UP]LYZPKHK!-VYTHJP}U`\ZV
KLHWSPJHJPVULZKLPUMVNYHMxH`T\S[PTLKPH7LYÄSLZLK\JH[P]VZ
*VIV*`4VYH]LJ1>(WYLUKPaHQLPU]PZPISL/HJPH\UHU\L]HLJVSVNxHKLSHLK\JHJP}U)HYJL
SVUH!7\ISPJHJPVUZP,KPJPVUZKLSH<UP]LYZP[H[KL)HYJLSVUH
*VYIPU1 :[YH\ZZ(Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing
grounded theory.3VUKVU!:HNL
.HYJxH(YL[PV3LKSociedad del Conocimiento y Educación.4HKYPK!<5,+
.SHZLY)`:[YH\ZZ( The Discovery of Grounded Theory,*OPJHNV!(SKPUL7\ISPZOPUN*VTWHU`
.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4:HUNYm(:V\[V:LPQV(`,Z[t]La0,JVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLLU
SH LYH KPNP[HS! KLZHMxVZ WHYH SH LK\JHJP}U Z\WLYPVY 7\ISPJHJPVULZ KVP! O[[W!K_KVP
VYNW\ISPJHJPVULZ]P
0TILYU}U-Calidad de enseñanza y formación del profesorado: un cambio necesario. )HYJLSVUH!
6J[HLKYV
1HJRZVU 51 ;OL JVUJLW[ VM SLHYUPUN LJVSVNPLZ ,U 51 1HJRZVU ` ) *VVWLY LKZ 3PML^PKL
3LHYUPUN,K\JH[PVU 7LYZVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[JOHW[LY(9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^SPML^PKLLIVVR
JV\RJVUJLW[\HSO[TS
4HPUH 4 ` .HYJxH 0 (Y[PJ\SH[PUN WLYZVUHS WLKHNVNPLZ [OYV\NO SLHYUPUN LJVSVNPLZ ,U ) .YVZ
2PUKZO\R`4HPUHLKZ;OLM\[\YLVM\IPX\P[V\ZSLHYUPUN!SLHYUPUNKLZPNUZMVYLTLYNPUNWLKHNVNPLZ
WW 3LJ[\YL5V[LZPU,K\JH[PVUHS;LJOUVSVN`)LYSPU/LPKLSILYN!:WYPUNLY+60!

4PSLZ 4) /\ILYTHU (4 :HSKH|H 1 Qualitative Data Analysis. A Methods Sourcebook.
;OV\ZHUK6HRZ*(!:HNL
9PJH\Y[L77LKHNVNPLZMVY[OLVWLURUV^SLKNLZVJPL[`0U[LYUH[PVUHS1V\YUHSVM,K\JH[PVUHS;LJO
UVSVN`PU/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU+60!Z `
:HUNYm(.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4`.\P[LY[43LHYUPUNLJVSVNPLZ!0UMVYTHSWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]L
SVWTLU[VWWVY[\UP[PLZMVY[LHJOLYZ0UEducational Media (ICEM), 2013 IEEE 63rd Annual Conference
International Council for0,,,
@PU 92 Case Study Research and Applications. Design and Methods [O LKP[PVU ;OV\ZHUK
6HRZ!:HNL7\ISPJH[PVUZ
Agradecimientos
,Z[LLZ[\KPVZLOHLSHIVYHKVLULSTHYJVKLSWYV`LJ[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U,*63,(95/,X\LOH
JVU[HKVJVUMVUKVZKLS405,*6`KL-,+,99LMLYLUJPH,+< 9
3. TRABALHO DIGNO
E A DIGNIDADE DE TRABALHAR
Nádia Catarina Lima
UHKPHSPTHWZPJVHJO'NTHPSJVT Prevenção de Riscos
Psicossociais no
Trabalho – do Assédio
e Mobbing à Formação
Humana, em variáveis
como Stress,
Ansiedade e Depressão
Palavras-Chave: 9PZJVZ 7ZPJVZZVJPHPZ ;YHIHSOV

-VYTHsqV:[YLZZ(UZPLKHKL+LWYLZZqV
6Z YPZJVZ WZPJVZZVJPHPZ HZZVJPHKVZ HV [YHIHSOV ZqV

\T[LTHKLNYHUKLPU[LYLZZLX\L[LTSL]HKVHVHIZLU
[PZTVLV\[YHZX\LZ[LZKLZHKLMxZPJHLWZPJVS}NPJHHV
SVUNVKLZ[LZtJ\SV+LHJVYKVJVT1HJPU[VL;VSMV
LZ[HZ ]HYPm]LPZ [vT ]PUKV H [LY THPVY WYLWVUKLYoUJPH
KLZKLVHUV]PZ[VX\LJVUZ[P[\LTNYHUKLMH[VYKL
Z\PJxKPV ,Z[LZ H\[VYLZ HSLY[HT WHYH H WYL]LUsqV L WYV
TVsqV KH ZHKL +LU[YV KVZ YPZJVZ WZPJVZZVJPHPZ Om H
KLZ[HJHYVTVIIPUN,YKVNHUL@PSKPYPTVHZZtKPV
LHMVY[LULJLZZPKHKLKLMVYTHsqVO\THUHWVYMVYTHH
YLK\aPYVZUx]LPZKLZ[YLZZHUZPLKHKLLKLWYLZZqVX\LZL
LUJVU[YHTUqVZ}KPYL[HTLU[LYLSHJPVUHKVZJVTVNYH\
KLZH[PZMHsqVUV[YHIHSOVJVTV[HTItTJVTVJVTWYV
TPZZVKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZMHJLnZVYNHUPaHsLZ6[YHIHSOV
LHMVYTHsqVZLQHLSH[tJUPJHV\UqVLZ[qVPU[LYSPNHKVZ
LHMVYTHsqVKLUHKHZLY]LZLUqV[P]LYLT]PZ[HHZ\H
HWSPJHIPSPKHKL,_PZ[LUVLU[HU[VUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOV
\TH ULJLZZPKHKL JHKH ]La THPZ JYLZJLU[L KL PU[LNYHY
THPVY MVYTHsqV UV [YHIHSOV JVTV [HTItT HKLX\HY
H MVYTHsqV O\THUH HV TLZTV JVT ]PZ[H H \T THPVY
LX\PSxIYPVKHMVYsHKL[YHIHSOVNLYHUKVTHPVYZH[PZMHsqVL
TLUVYHIZLU[PZTViULJLZZmYPVX\LZLLTWYLN\LHYLLZ
[Y\[\YHsqV UHZ WVSx[PJHZ KL [YHIHSOV ZLUZPIPSPaHUKV WHYH
H PTWVY[oUJPH KV WZPJ}SVNV KV [YHIHSOV UH H[\HsqV HVZ
Ux]LPZKHWYL]LUsqVLTHU\[LUsqVKHZIVHZWYm[PJHZKL
ZHKLTLU[HSLTVJPVUHSLMxZPJH

Prevention of Psychosocial Risks at Work - from Harassment and Mobbing to Human
Formation, in variables such as Stress, Anxiety and Depression
Keywords: 7Z`JOVZVJPHS9PZRZ>VYR;YHPUPUN,K\JH[PVU:[YLZZ(U_PL[`+LWYLZZPVU
;OLWZ`JOVZVJPHSYPZRZHZZVJPH[LK[V^VYRHYLHZ\IQLJ[VMNYLH[PU[LYLZ[[OH[OHZSLK[VHIZLU[LLPZT
HUKV[OLYPZZ\LZVMWO`ZPJHSHUKWZ`JOVSVNPJHSOLHS[O[OYV\NOV\[[OPZJLU[\Y`(JJVYKPUN[V1HJPU[V ;VSMV
[OLZL]HYPHISLZOH]LJVTL[VOH]LNYLH[LYWYLWVUKLYHUJLZPUJL[OL`LHYZPUJL[OL`JVUZ
[P[\[LHNYLH[Z\PJPKLMHJ[VY;OLZLH\[OVYZ^HYUVM[OLWYL]LU[PVUHUKWYVTV[PVUVMOLHS[O7Z`JOVZVJPHS
YPZRZPUJS\KPUNTVIIPUN,YKVNHUHUK@PSKPYPTOHYHZZTLU[HUK[OLZ[YVUNULLKMVYO\THU[YHPUPUN
HUKLK\JH[PVUPUVYKLY[VYLK\JLSL]LSZVMZ[YLZZHU_PL[`HUKKLWYLZZPVUÔPJOHYLUV[VUS`KPYLJ[S`YLSH[LK
[V[OLKLNYLLVMQVIZH[PZMHJ[PVUHZ^LSSHZ[OL^VYRLYZ»JVTTP[TLU[[VVYNHUPaH[PVUZ>VYRHUK[YHPUPUN
ÔL[OLY[LJOUPJHSVYUV[HYLPU[LYJVUULJ[LKHUK[YHPUPUNPZ\ZLSLZZPMP[PZUV[LUMVYJLK/V^L]LY[OLYL
PZHUPUJYLHZPUNULLKPU[OL^VYSKVM^VYR[VPU[LNYH[LTVYL[YHPUPUNHUKLK\JH[PVUPU^VYRHZ^LSSHZ[V
HKHW[O\THU[YHPUPUN[VP[^P[OH]PL^[VHIL[[LYIHSHUJLVM[OL^VYRMVYJLNLULYH[PUNNYLH[LYZH[PZMHJ[PVU
HUKSLZZHIZLU[LLPZT0[PZULJLZZHY`[VLTWSV`YLZ[Y\J[\YPUNPU^VYRWVSPJPLZYHPZPUNH^HYLULZZVM[OL
PTWVY[HUJLVM[OL^VYRWZ`JOVSVNPZ[PU[OLWYL]LU[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJLVMNVVKTLU[HSLTV[PVUHSHUK
WO`ZPJHSOLHS[OWYHJ[PJLZ
Revisão da Literatura
(WYLZLU[LW\ISPJHsqVMVPYLKPNPKHJVTIHZLUqVZ}UVLUMVX\LKHL_[YLTHPTWVY[oUJPHKHULJLZ
ZPKHKLKHPUZLYsqVKV7ZPJ}SVNVKV;YHIHSOVUHZVYNHUPaHsLZTHZ[HTItTUVPU[LYLZZLLTZ\ISPUOHY
HZ TV[P]HsLZ X\L SL]HT n L_PZ[vUJPH KH WYLJHYPKHKL KH ZHKL TLU[HS UVZ TLYJHKVZ SHIVYHPZ 5LZ[H
KPUoTPJH LT YL]PZqV KH SP[LYH[\YH LU[YLJY\aHYHTZL VZ [LTHZ KL (ZZtKPV L 4VIIPUN H 7YL]LUsqV KL
9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZHZZVJPHKVZHV;YHIHSOVJVTH:HKL4LU[HSHVUx]LSKHZ]HYPm]LPZ:[YLZZ(UZPL
KHKLL+LWYLZZqV7YL[LUKLZLJVTLZ[HW\ISPJHsqVKLTVZU[YHYHPTWVY[oUJPHKH-VYTHsqV/\THUH
LT\KHUsHKLWHYHKPNTHZUHZWVSx[PJHZVYNHUPaHJPVUHPZWVYMVYTHHKHYYLZWVZ[HH\TPUJYLTLU[VKH
:HKL 4LU[HS LT 7VY[\NHS WYVTV]LUKV \TH IHP_H UH PUJPKvUJPH L WYL]HSvUJPH KHZ 7LY[\YIHsLZ KL
:[YLZZ(UZPLKHKLL+LWYLZZqV6ZLMLP[VZnL_WVZPsqVHYPZJVZWZPJVZZVJPHPZZqVKP]LYZVZZLUKVX\LZL
KLZ[HJHTTmZWYm[PJHZKLSPKLYHUsHJVTV[LUKVLMLP[VZHK]LYZVZUH]PKHKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZPUÅ\LUJPHUKV
VHTIPLU[LWZPJVZZVJPHSLHZHKLKVZPUKP]xK\VZ-LYUHUKLZL7LYLPYHZLUKVX\LHZIVHZWYm[PJHZ
KLNLZ[qVHZZVJPHKHZnJVYKPHSPKHKLKLSPKLYHUsHLHTIPLU[LHZZPTJVTVJVTWVY[HTLU[VZUqVHNYLZ
ZP]VZWVYWHY[LKHZJOLÄHZZLYL]LSHYHTJVTVZLUKVWLYJLIPKVZWLSVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZJVTVJVUZ[P[\PU[LZ
KLHTIPLU[LZKL[YHIHSOVZH\Km]LPZ-VPWLYJLIPKVWLSHZH\[VYHZX\LVHTIPLU[LSHIVYHSLHZJVUKPsLZ
KLZ[LX\HUKVKL[LYPVYHKHZWYVTV]LTX\HKYVZJSxUPJVZJVTLMLP[VZULMHZ[VZUHZHKLTLU[HSUVTLH
KHTLU[LLT]HYPm]LPZJVTVZ[YLZZWYVTV[VYLZKLHIZLU[PZTV5\TLZ[\KVMLP[VWVY9L`LZ,ZWPUVZHL
9VTLYVVI[P]LYHTZLYLZ\S[HKVZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVTVHZZtKPVUV[YHIHSOVX\LKLTVUZ[YHYHTX\L
VJSPTHSHIVYHSPUÅ\LUJPHKPYL[HTLU[LHZHKLKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZZLUKVX\LWZPJVKPUoTPJHZLTHTIPLU[LZ
VUKLL_PZ[HVTVIIPUNJVTVZLU[PKVLWLYJLWJPVUHKVWLSVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZH[YH]tZKLJVT\UPJHsqVOVZ[PS
L WLYZ\HZqV JVT ]PZ[H H LSPTPUHY V [YHIHSOHKVY HJVTWHUOHKVZ KL HI\ZV LTVJPVUHS @HTHKH +\ќ` L
)LYY`SL]HTHX\LVZ[YLZZVJ\WHJPVUHSVHZZtKPVLVTVIIPUNZLQHTWV[LUJPHKVYLZKLHUZPLKHKL
LKLWYLZZqVWWZLUKV\TWV[LUJPHKVYVYNHUPaHJPVUHSLUqVPUKP]PK\HS1\UX\LPYH
(ZWVW\SHsLZTHPZHML[HKHZZLN\UKVHYL]PZqVIPISPVNYmÄJHLML[\HKHHWVU[HTJVTVZLUKVVZWYVÄZ
ZPVUHPZKLZHKLKVJLU[LZL_WVZ[VZHX\HKYHU[LZKLHS[HL_PNvUJPHJVTIHP_VZWLYxVKVZKLKLZJHUZVL
WVY[HU[VZ\QLP[VZHTHPVYLZYPZJVZKLHKVLJPTLU[V6.\PH;LTm[PJVKL9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZ*HY]HSOV
(KPZWVUx]LSUVZP[LKH+.:MHa\TLUX\HKYHTLU[VKLJVTVV(ZZtKPV4VYHSL:L_\HSV:[YLZZ
6J\WHJPVUHSLV4VIIPUNPUÅ\LUJPHTHJHWHJPKHKLWHYHV;YHIHSOV
Método
+LTVKVHHSJHUsHYVVIQL[P]VWYVWVZ[VWHYHLZ[LHY[PNVMVP\[PSPaHKVVTt[VKV(93TVKHSPKHKLKL
(Y[PNV KL 9L]PZqV KL 3P[LYH[\YH WYVJLKLUKV H YL]PZqV IPISPVNYmÄJH *VUZPKLYHKV WLSH (7( (TLYPJHU
7Z`JOVSVNPJHS(ZZVJPH[PVUJVTVZLUKV\THTL[VKVSVNPHKLKLZJYPsqVLLZJSHYLJPTLU[VKL\TH
[LTm[PJHZ\THYPaHUKVHY[PNVZWYt]PVZ-VPLU[qVWHYHVLMLP[VYLHSPaHKV\TSL]HU[HTLU[VKL3P]YVZHY[PNVZ
Qm W\ISPJHKVZ KPZZLY[HsLZ L [LZLZ UHZ mYLHZ KL 9PZJVZ 7ZPJVZZVJPHPZ 4VIIPUN (ZZtKPVOHYHZZTLU[
:HKL4LU[HSL-VYTHsqV/\THUH

Procedimento:
-VYHTJVUZ\S[HKHZHZZLN\PU[LZIHZLZKLKHKVZ!:JPLSV.VVNSL:JOVVSHY7\I4LK,1V\YUHSZ,<
6:/(W\ISPJHsLZWLZX\PZHLZ[HX\L]P\VZL\PUxJPVLT[LUKV[PKVS\NHYHS[PTHYLJVSOHLU[YL
4HPVL1\UOVKL
6ZKLZJYP[VYLZ\[PSPaHKVZUHZIHZLZKLKHKVZMVYHT!9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZ4VIIPUN(ZZtKPV/HYHZ
ZTLU[)\S`PUNH[^VYR-VYTHsqV/\THUHUV;YHIHSOV:[YLZZ(UZPLKHKL+LWYLZZqV:[YLZZ6J\WHJPV
UHS5\T[V[HSKLHY[PNVZLYLMLYvUJPHZKHSP[LYH[\YHMVYHTZLSLJPVUHKVZX\LJ\TWYPYHTVZJYP[tYPVZ
KLPUJS\ZqVWHYHLZ[LLZ[\KV\TH]LaX\LVWYPUJPWHSPU[LYLZZLLYHHWYLZLU[HYKHKVZLKPZJ\ZZqVJYx[PJH
KV[LTHnLZJHSHKVZS[PTVZHUVZTHU[LUKVHH[\HSPKHKLKVTLZTV-VPMLP[H\THI\ZJHWVYHY[PNVZ
LT PUNSvZ L WVY[\N\vZ JVT YLZ\TVZ L [L_[VZ KPZWVUPIPSPaHKVZ VUSPUL HZZPT JVTV SP]YVZ YLSL]HU[LZ HV
[LTHLIHZLZKLKHKVZWVY[\N\LZHZJVTVH+.:+PYLsqV.LYHSKL:HKL¶YLWVZP[}YPVLWVYS[PTV
YL]PZ[V V 7SHUV 5HJPVUHS KL :HKL [LUKV ZPKV YLJVSOPKVZ KHKVZ HJLYJH KH :HKL 4LU[HS LT 7VY[\NHS
H[YH]tZ KL YLSH[}YPVZ KPZWVUx]LPZ UV ZP[L KH +.: YLMLYLU[LZ HV 7SHUV 5HJPVUHS KL :HKL KVZ S[PTVZ
HUVZ-VYHTHPUKHJVUZ\S[HKVZLZ[\KVZHJLYJHKVZ\PJxKPVLKV:[YLZZ6J\WHJPVUHSJVTVPUKPJHKVYKL
Z\PJxKPVUVLU[HU[VVZTLZTVZUqVMVYTHPUJS\xKVZULZ[LLZ[\KV\TH]LaX\LUqVLYH\THKHZ]HYPm]LPZ
LTLZ[\KVTHZ\TWYVK\[VKLZ[HZ5qVMVYHT[HTItTJVUZPKLYHKVZVZLZ[\KVZX\LWYP]PSLNPH]HTV
:[YLZZ6J\WHJPVUHSLH7YL]LUsqVKL9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZHZZVJPHKVZHWLUHZH0KLU[PKHKLKL.tULYV
WVYMVYTHHWVKLYZPZ[LTH[PaHYHSP[LYH[\YHU\ToTIP[VNSVIHSLTKL[YPTLU[VKVPUKP]PK\HS
Resultados:
(SP[LYH[\YHYL]PZ[HM\UKHTLU[HHMVY[LULJLZZPKHKLKHT\KHUsHKHZWVSx[PJHZLTWYLZHYPHPZLVYNHUP
aHJPVUHPZWISPJHZWYP]HKHZLW\ISPJVWYP]HKHZHZZPTJVTVHPTWVY[oUJPHKVWHWLSKV7ZPJ}SVNVKV;YH
IHSOVLHZ\HPUZLYsqVUHZTLZTHZiKLJVT\THJVYKVUHSP[LYH[\YHX\LVZYPZJVZWZPJVZZVJPHPZX\LZL
LU[LUKLTWVY!JHYNHLVJVU[LKVKL[YHIHSOVVZLZJHZZVZ[LTWVZKLKLZJHUZVLKPJV[VTPH[YHIHSOV
MHTxSPHHWLYJLWsqVKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZHJLYJHKHH\[VUVTPHM\UJPVUHSLWLYJLWsqVKLJVU[YVSVX\L[vT
ZVIYLVYP[TVKL[YHIHSOVLML[\HKVVZPUKPJHKVYLZJ\S[\YHPZVYNHUPaHJPVUHPZLHZZ\HZWZPJVKPUoTPJHZV
WHWLSX\LV[YHIHSOHKVYHZZ\TLLHJSHYLaHKVTLZTVHZYLSHsLZZVJPHPZPU[LYWLZZVHPZLVHTIPLU[L
ZVJPHSWLYJLIPKVJOLÄHZOVZ[PZHWYLJHYPKHKLLPUJLY[LaHJVU[YH[\HSLYLT\UH[}YPHHZZPTJVTVHWVZZP
IPSPKHKLPTWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLWYVNYLZZqVUHJHYYLPYHLHVUx]LSKVZX\HKYVZVYNHUPaHJPVUHPZPU[LYMLYLTJVT
VILTLZ[HYNLYHTV:[YLZZVJ\WHJPVUHSLZqVWV[LUJPHKVYLZX\LYKVHIZLU[PZTVX\LYKLX\LIYHZUH
WYVK\[P]PKHKLWLSVHIHUKVUVWYLJVJLLWYLQ\xaVZNYH]LZHVUx]LSKH:HKL4LU[HS(SP[LYH[\YHJVYYVIVYH
X\L VZ YPZJVZ WZPJVZZVJPHPZ [vT PUÅ\vUJPH KPYL[H UV HWHYLJPTLU[V KL +LWYLZZqV (UZPLKHKL L LZNV[H
TLU[VI\YUV\[JVUK\aPUKVT\P[HZ]LaLZHVZ\PJxKPVLHIZLU[PZTVHJHYYL[HUKVJ\Z[VZLSL]HKVZWHYHHZ
VYNHUPaHsLZZLUKVX\LQmL_PZ[LLUX\HKYHTLU[VSLNHSX\LWYL]v\TYLNPTLQ\YxKPJVJVU[LTWSHUKVH
:LN\YHUsHL:HKLUV;YHIHSOV3LPU¢ KLKL-L]LYLPYV3LPU¢KLKL:L[LTIYV3LPU¢
KLKL1HULPYVHSxULHZKLLKVU¢KVHY[PNV¢¶6:/(¶(NvUJPH,\YVWLPHWHYHH:LN\YHUsH
L :HKL UV ;YHIHSOV 5V LUX\HKYHTLU[V KLZ[H [LTm[PJH L_PZ[LT HSN\UZ WYVNYHTHZ JVTV V /LHS[O`
>VYRWSHJLZLV\[YVZX\LWYVTV]LTUqVZ}H:HKL4LU[HS6J\WHJPVUHSJVTVWYL]vLTH7YL]LUsqVKVZ
9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZHZZVJPHKVZHV;YHIHSOVZ\NLYPUKVTLKPKHZJVTVHT\KHUsHKLWVSx[PJHZVYNHUPaH
JPVUHPZLLTWYLZHYPHPZJVUZJPLUJPHSPaHsqVKHZJOLÄHZWHYHLZ[HWYVISLTm[PJHPUZLYsqVKV7ZPJ}SVNVKV
;YHIHSOVUHZVYNHUPaHsLZZLUKVH-VYTHsqV/\THUHHX\PJVU[LTWSHKHJVTV\TLUX\HKYHTLU[VM\U
KHTLU[HSHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZLTWYLZHZHZZPTJVTVKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZ6ZHY[PNVZPUKPJHKVZULZ[L
LZ[\KVM\UKHTLU[HTHPUKHX\L\YNLMHSHYKL:HKL4LU[HSX\HUKVMHSHTVZKL-VYTHsqVLKL-VYTHsqV
WHYH V ;YHIHSOV ZLUKV HX\P H -VYTHsqV /\THUH V WPSHY KHZ PUZ[P[\PsLZ L VYNHUPaHsLZ JVT ]PZ[H H
YLK\sqVKLJ\Z[VZV[PTPaHsqVKV[YHIHSOVLKHZJHWHJPKHKLZMxZPJHZTLU[HPZLLTVJPVUHPZKLWYVK\sqV
KV[YHIHSOHKVY7YVWLZLHPUKHX\LL_PZ[HHHWSPJHsqVKLX\LZ[PVUmYPVZKLJVU[YVSLLYHZ[YLPVKH:HKL
4LU[HS[YPTLZ[YHSWHYHH]HSPHsqVKLYPZJVZTLUVYPaHUKVVZZPUPZ[YVZHZZPTJVTVWV[LUJPHUKVHJVUZ
JPvUJPHYLHSKH:HKL4LU[HSKVZ;YHIHSOHKVYLZ7YVWLZLHPUKHHS[LYHsLZUHSLPX\LWLYTP[HT[YHaLY
THPVYWYV[LsqVHV[YHIHSOHKVYWVPZMVP[HTItTWLYJLIPKVX\LT\P[VZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZZVMYLTLTZPSvUJPV
J\STPUHUKVWVY]LaLZHWYLZZqVZLU[PKHLTZ\PJxKPVHIHUKVUVPZVSHTLU[V=vZLWVY[HU[VULJLZZmYPV
KLZLU]VS]LYHsLZHVUx]LSKH-VYTHsqV/\THUHV\ZVKLLU[YL]PZ[HZKLNY\WVLPUKP]PK\HPZPU[YVK\aPY
J}KPNVKLt[PJHLTWYLZHYPHSLTWVKLYHYVJVUJLP[VKL:\Z[LU[HIPSPKHKL:VJPHSPU[YVK\aPY]HSVYLZJVTVV
HS[Y\xZTVLTKL[YPTLU[VKHJVTWL[PsqVPUZLYsqVKHZLTWYLZHZLKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZLTWYVNYHTHZJVTV
V/LHS[O`>VYRWSHJLZ

9LMLYvUJPHZ)PISPVNYmÄJHZ
(TLYPJHU7Z`JOVSVNPJHS(ZZVJPH[PVU4HU\HSKLW\ISPJHsqVKH(7(¡LK7VY[V(SLNYL!7LUZV
*HY]HSOV(+LWYLZZqVLV\[YHZWLY[\YIHsLZTLU[HPZJVT\UZ!LUX\HKYHTLU[VNSVIHSLUHJPVUHS
LYLMLYvUJPHKLYLJ\YZVLTJHZVZLTLYNLU[LZ>/6
,<¶6:/(9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZUV;YHIHSOV!9PZJVZ,MLP[VZUH:HKLL7YL]LUsqV+PZWVUx]LS
LTO[[WZ!VZOHL\YVWHL\W[[VVSZHUKW\ISPJH[PVUZW\ISPJH[PVUZYLWVY[Z]PL^
,YKVNHU = @PSKPYPT (/LHS[OJHYL WYVMLZZPVUHSZ» L_WVZ\YL [V TVIIPUN ILOH]PVYZ HUK YLSH[PVU VM
TVIIPUN ^P[O QVI ZH[PZMHJ[PVU HUK VYNHUPaH[PVUHS JVTTP[TLU[ 7YVJLKPH *VTW\[LY :JPLUJL
WW +PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!^^^ZJPLUJLKPYLJ[JVTZJPLUJLHY[PJSLWPP:
,ZJHY[PU1:HSPU+ 9VKYPN\La*HYIHSSLPYH(,SHJVZVSHIVYHSVTVIIPUN!:PTPSSP[\KLZ`KPMLYLU
JPHZKLNtULYV`Z\ZL]LYPKHKWLYJLIPKH9L]PZ[HKL7ZPJVSVNPH:VJPHS
-LYUHUKLZ* 7LYLPYH(,_WVZPsqVHMH[VYLZKLYPZJVWZPJVZZVJPHSLTJVU[L_[VKL[YHIHSOV!YL]PZqV
ZPZ[LTm[PJH9L]PZ[HKL:HKL7ISPJH+H[HKLJVUZ\S[H!KLQ\UOVKLD+PZWVUx]LSLT
O[[W!^^^YLKHS`JVYNHY[PJ\SVVH&PK$ %0::5
1HJPU[V ( ;VSMV : 9PZJVZ 7ZPJVZZVJPHPZ UV ;YHIHSOV! *VUJLP[VZ ]HYPm]LPZ L PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ KL
WLZX\PZH7LYZWLJ[P]HZLT7ZPJVSVNPHWW +PZWVUx]LSLTO[[W!^^^ZLLY\M\IYPUKL_
WOWWLYZWLJ[P]HZLTWZPJVSVNPHHY[PJSL]PL^
1HJPU[V(;VSMV:-H[VYLZWZPJVZZVJPHPZKLYPZJVUV[YHIHSOVL;YHUZ[VYUV4LU[HS*VT\T!\TH
YL]PZqVZPZ[LTm[PJHKLLZ[\KVZX\L\[PSPaHYHTVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ1*81::L:989L]PZ[HKL7ZPJV
SVNPHKH04,+7HZZV-\UKV WWKLa0::5+PZWVUx]LSLT!#O[[WZ!
ZLLYPTLKLK\IYPUKL_WOWYL]PZ[HWZPJVHY[PJSL]PL^%(JLZZVLT! Q\U
1\UX\LPYH.6JJ\WH[PVUHS:[YLZZHZHWYPUJPWHSMHJ[VYVM7Z`JOVSVNPJHS9PZR9L]PZ[H7VY[\N\LZH
KL:HKL6J\WHJPVUHSWW
2OH]PZ12YPZOUHU1,TWSV`LL:H[PZMHJ[PVUPU(JJV\U[PUN-PYTZ>VYR¶3PML)HSHUJL;\YUV]LY
HUK(\KP[8\HSP[`+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!ZZYUJVTHIZ[YHJ[$
3L^PZ+4LNPJRZ7 1VULZ7)\SS`PUNLHZZtKPVLLZ[YLZZVYLZYLSHJPVUHKVZHV[YHIHSOV!L]PKvU
JPHZKLWLX\LUHZLTtKPHZLTWYLZHZIYP[oUPJHZ0U[LYUH[PVUHS:THSS)\ZPULZZ1V\YUHSWW

6:/(9PZJVZ7ZPJVZZVJPHPZUH,\YVWH!7YL]HSvUJPHL,Z[YH[tNPHZKL7YL]LUsqV+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!
VZOHL\YVWHL\W[[VVSZHUKW\ISPJH[PVUZW\ISPJH[PVUZYLWVY[ZL_LJ\[P]LZ\TTHY`WZ`JOVZVJPHS
YPZRZPUL\YVWLWYL]HSLUJLHUKZ[YH[LNPLZMVYWYL]LU[PVU
7L[YPUP4:JOLYLY7 )HJR3)\ZPULZZTVKLS^P[OHZVJPHSPTWHJ[9L]PZ[HKL(KTPUPZ[YHsqVKL
,TWYLZHZ+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[W!K_KVPVYN :
9L`LZ4,ZWPUVZH( 9VTLYV9,TV[PVUHS*VUZLX\LUJLZPU/HYHZZLK>VTLUMYVTH7\ISPJ
.V]LYUTLU[0UZ[P[\[PVU,\YVWLHU:JPLU[PÄJ1V\YUHSW
9VKYPN\LZ5,K\JHsqV!KHMVYTHsqVO\THUHnJVUZ[Y\sqVKVZ\QLP[Vt[PJV,K\JHsqV :VJPL
KHKLWW+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!K_KVPVYN :
:OHRPR(:OHOPK,/HYHZZTLU[H[>VYR7SHJL(UUHSZ(IIHZP:OHOLLK/VZWP[HS 2HYHJOP4LKP
JHS +LU[HS*VSSLNL+PZWVUx]LSLTO[[WZ!^^^HUUHSZHZORTKJVYNWKMZWKM
:PV : *LKYVUL - :HUP[n + 9PJJP 7 *HYIVZPLYV 7 ;YHNSPH 4 .YLJV , :[HUZMLSK :
8\HSP[` VM 3PML PU >VYRLYZ HUK :[YLZZ! .LUKLY +PќLYLUJLZ PU ,_WVZ\YL [V 7Z`JOVZVJPHS 9PZRZ HUK
7LYJLP]LK >LSS)LPUN )PV4LK 9LZLHYJO 0U[LYUH[PVUHS W +PZWVUx]LS LT O[[WZ!KVP
VYN
@HTHKH++\ќ`4 )LYY`7>VYRWSHJL)\SS`PUNHUK4VIIPUNPU[OL<UP[LK:[H[LZ

Serxia Lage-Arias
ZLY_PHSHNLH'\KJLZ
Quero un traballo
decente! Revisión das
WVSx[PJHZKLLK\JHJP}U
para o emprendemento
na Unión Europea.
Resumo:
6 WYVW}ZP[V KLZ[H JVT\UPJHJP}U t PKLU[PÄJHY HZ

JSH]LZ KV KPZJ\YZV ZVIYL V LTWYLUKLTLU[V X\L Z\I_H
JLU [YHZ HZ WVSx[PJHZ LK\JH[P]HZ PUZ[P[\JPVUHPZ L WYVWVY
\UOHHS[LYUH[P]HKLUKLHLK\JHJP}UWHYHH_\Z[PaHZVJPHS
5V KPZJ\YZV SPILYHS ZVIYL LK\JHJP}U X\L t HKVW[HKV
WVSH<UP}U,\YVWLHHLK\JHJP}Ut\UPU]LZ[PTLU[V\UOH
WYPVYPKHKLWVSx[PJHZVZ[PKHJVUMVUKVZWISPJVZ7VYtUt
YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKL KVZ MVYTHUKVZ H\TLU[HY V ZL\ JHWP[HS
O\THUVZLYTmPZJVTWL[P[P]VZLJVU[YPI\xYHLSL]HYHWYV
K\[P]PKHKLKHZLJVUVTxHZ+LUKLHSL_PZSHJP}ULK\JH[P]H
LU LZWLJPHS UV YLSH[P]V HV LTWYLUKLTLU[V Z\I_HJL H
PKLHKLX\LHZWLYZVHZZVUHZWYPUJPWHPZYLZWVUZHISLZKV
ZL\MYHJHZVWVPZHZPUZ[P[\JP}UZ_HLZ[mUHWYV]LYSSLZKL
VYPLU[HJP}UÄUHUJPHTLU[VLYLJ\YZVZWISPJVZ(LK\JH
JP}UWHYHH_\Z[PaHZVJPHSJVUZ[YL\UKPZJ\YZVHS[LYUH[P]V
X\LJVU[LTWSHHVPUKP]PK\VJVTV\UZLYZVJPHSPU[LYYLSH
JPVUHKV L KLWLUKLU[L KL V\[YVZ (Zx WVPZ YLHSPaHY \UOH
HUmSPZLUVYTH[P]HKHZWVSx[PJHZWISPJHZKLUKLHWLYZWLJ
[P]HKVZ+LYLP[VZ/\THUVZHJOLNHV\[YVZJVUKPJPVUHU[LZ
TVP WVKLYVZVZ X\L SPTP[HU HZ WVZPIPSPKHKLZ KL LSLJJP}U
L KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V UHZ ]PKHZ KHZ WLYZVHZ 5V KPZJ\YZV
ZVIYL H LTWYLNHIPSPKHKL TKHZL H UVJP}U KV Z\_LP[V
SPILYHSWVSVZ\_LP[V]\SULYHISLPU[YVKJLUZLHZUVJP}UZKL
PU_\Z[PaHZVJPHSLZ[Y\[\YHSLHVWYLZP}UKHZLZ[Y\[\YHZKL
WVKLYX\LYLJVUZPKLYHVWHWLSKHLK\JHJP}ULVZZL\Z
YLZ\S[HKVZ ZVJPHPZ JVU YLZWLJ[V m YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKL L H
_\Z[PaHNSVIHSLÄUHSTLU[LLUJVU[YHWVZPJP}UmZ[LVYxHZ
KVJHWP[HSO\THUVJVU[tTWSHZLVLUMVX\LKHZJHWHJPKH
KLZYLZHS[HUKVHSPILYKHKLX\L[LUHWLYZVHWHYHHSJHUaHY
HX\LSVX\L]HSVYH6JLYULKVKPZJ\YZVZVIYLLK\JHJP}U
[YHZSmKHZLKLUKL\UOHWVZPJP}UPUZ[Y\TLU[HSH\UOHPU[YxU
ZLJHmZWLYZVHZ
Palabras clave: ,TWYLUKLTLU[V,K\JH[P]V-VYTH
JP}U7YVMLZPVUHS?\Z[PaH:VJPHS=\SULYHIPSPKHKL

Abstract: I want a decent job! Revision of Educative Entrepreneurship Policies in the EU.
;OL W\YWVZL VM [OPZ WHWLY PZ [V PKLU[PM` [OL RL` WVPU[Z VU [OL KPZJV\YZL VU LU[YLWYLUL\YZOPW
[OH[HYLILOPUKPUZ[P[\[PVUHSLK\JH[PVUHSWVSPJPLZHUK[VWYVWVZLHUHS[LYUH[P]LVULMYVT[OLZVJPHSQ\Z[PJL
LK\JH[PVU WLYZWLJ[P]L 0U [OL SPILYHS KPZJV\YZL VU LK\JH[PVU ÔPJO PZ HKVW[LK I` [OL ,\YVWLHU <UPVU
LK\JH[PVUPZHUPU]LZ[TLU[HWVSP[PJHSWYPVYP[`Z\WWVY[LKI`W\ISPJM\UKZ/V^L]LYP[PZ[OL[YHPULL»ZYLZWVU
ZPIPSP[`[VPUJYLHZL[OLPYO\THUJHWP[HS[VILTVYLJVTWL[P[P]LHUK[VJVU[YPI\[L[V[OLLJVUVT`»ZNYV^[O
0ULK\JH[PVUHSSLNPZSH[PVULZWLJPHSS`PUÔH[JVUJLYUZ[V,U[YLWYLUL\YZOPW[YHUZJLUKZ[OLPKLH[OH[WLVWSL
HYL[OLTHPUYLZWVUZPISLMVY[OLPYJHYLLY»ZMHPS\YLZPUJL[OLPUZ[P[\[PVUZHYLHSYLHK`WYV]PKPUNN\PKHUJLM\UK
PUNHUKW\ISPJYLZV\YJLZ:VJPHSQ\Z[PJLLK\JH[PVUI\PSKZHUHS[LYUH[P]LKPZJV\YZL[OH[JVU[LTWSH[LZPUKP
]PK\HSZHZZVJPHSILPUNZPU[LYYLSH[LKHUKKLWLUKLU[VUV[OLYZ;OLYLMVYLJVUK\J[PUNHUVYTH[P]LHUHS`ZPZ
VMW\ISPJWVSPJPLZMYVT[OLWLYZWLJ[P]LVM/\THU9PNO[ZOPNOSPNO[Z]LY`WV^LYM\SJVUZ[YHPU[Z[OH[SPTP[[OL
WVZZPIPSP[PLZVMJOVPJLHUKKL]LSVWTLU[VUWLVWSL»ZSP]LZ0U[OLKPZJV\YZLVMLTWSV`HIPSP[`[OLUV[PVUVM
SPILYHSZ\IQLJ[PZYLWSHJLK^P[O[OH[VM]\SULYHISLZ\IQLJ[[OLUV[PVUZVMZVJPHSZ[Y\J[\YHSPUQ\Z[PJLHUK[OL
VWWYLZZPVU VM WV^LY Z[Y\J[\YLZ HYL PU[YVK\JLK ÔPJO YLJVUZPKLYZ [OL YVSL VM LK\JH[PVU HUK P[Z ZVJPHS
YLZ\S[ZYLNHYKPUN[VYLZWVUZPIPSP[`HUKNSVIHSQ\Z[PJLHUKÄUHSS`PUJVU[YHZ[[VO\THUJHWP[HS[OLVYPLZ[OL
*HWHIPSP[PLZ(WWYVHJOPZJVU[LTWSH[LKLTWOHZPaPUN[OLWLVWSL»ZMYLLKVT[VHJOPL]LÔH[[OL`]HS\L;OL
JVYLVM[OLKPZJV\YZL[OLUTV]LZMYVTHUPUZ[Y\TLU[HSHWWYVHJO[VHUPU[YPUZPJVUL
Key words:,K\JH[P]L,U[YLWYLUL\YZOPW=VJH[PVUHS;YHPUPUN=,;:VJPHS1\Z[PJL=\SULYHIPSP[`
*VTV_VYKLHLK\JHJP}UWHYHVLTWYLUKLTLU[V&
1.1. A educación para o emprendemento nas políticas educativas globais.
5VUL_PZ[L\UOHKLÄUPJP}U\Ux]VJHZVIYLVX\LtVLTWYLUKLTLU[VLK\JH[P]VHLK\JHJP}UWHYHV
LTWYLUKLTLU[VV\HZJHWHJPKHKLZLTWYLUKLKVYHZ7VYtUKVKPZJ\YZVZVIYLLK\JHJP}UX\LTHU[L|LU
HZPUZ[P[\JP}UZPU[LYUHJPVUHPZWVKLUL_[YHLYZL\UOHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZX\L[YHaVH[YHaV]HUKLZL|HUKV\U
JVUJLW[VKLLTWYLUKLTLU[VHWSPJHKVHVJVU[VYUVLK\JH[P]V
(xUKHX\LVZLU[PKVKHPUPJPH[P]HLVLZWxYP[VKLLTWYLZHt\UOHKHZJVTWL[LUJPHZJSH]LWHYHHHWYLU
KPaH_L WLYTHULU[L LU ,\YVWH LUJVU[YHTVZ WYLJLKLU[LZ KPZJ\YZP]VZ UV\[YVZ PUMVYTLZ L KVJ\TLU[VZ
KLPUZ[P[\JP}UZPU[LYUHJPVUHPZiLZWLJPHSTLU[LZPNUPÄJH[P]VVMVTLU[VKHPUPJPH[P]HWYP]HKHUHLK\JHJP}U
X\LZLVIZLY]HUVZPUMVYTLZKV)HUJV4\UKPHS(ZxUVPUMVYTLKL ZVIYLHJHWHJP[HJP}U[tJUPJHLH
MVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWYVWVUZLHZ\I]LUJP}UJVUMVUKVZWISPJVZmMVYTHJP}UWYV]PZ[HKLUKLVZLJ[VY
WYP]HKV
7VYtUHK]xY[LZLX\LHVMLY[HWISPJHKLMVYTHJP}UWVKLZLYJVUZPKLYHKH\UOHZVY[LKLJVTWL[LUJPH
KLZSLHSmVMLY[HWYP]HKH!
¸:LILUHZPTWLYMLJJP}UZKVTLYJHKVLVZILULÄJPVZL_[LYUVZWVKLU_\Z[PÄJHYVHWVPVÄUHUJLPYV
KVZLJ[VYWISPJVmJHWHJP[HJP}UUVUJVUZ[P[LUHWVPVZ\ÄJPLU[LWHYHX\LVNVILYUVIYPUKLLZ[H
MVYTHJP}U*HUKVVZLJ[VYWISPJVVMYLaHJHWHJP[HJP}UKLILYmWYVJ\YHYVMVY[HSLJLTLU[VKH
JHWHJPKHKLWYP]HKHLKVZLTWYLNHKVYLZULZ[HLZMLYH.¹W
7VYLZ[HYHa}UV)HUJV4\UKPHS HWVZ[HWVY\UOHWVSx[PJHKLTxUPTVZUVHWVPVWISPJVmMVY
THJP}USPTP[HKHHKL[LYTPUHKVZJVSLJ[P]VZ!
¸(Z\I]LUJP}UWISPJHKHJHWHJP[HJP}UWHYHVZWVIYLZHZT\SSLYLZLVZNY\WVZTPUVYP[HYPVZWVY
YHa}UZKLLX\PKHKLWVKL_\Z[PÄJHYZLJHUKVVZWYVNYHTHZZLVYPLU[LUJVPKHKVZHTLU[LHÄUKL
HZLN\YHYX\LZ}VZULJLZP[HKVZZLILULÄJPLUKLSLZ:LULTIHYNVHZZ\I]LUJP}UZ_LYHPZV\H
VMLY[HWISPJHKLMVYTHJP}U[tJUPJHV\JHWHJP[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSWYL]PHHVLTWYLNVJVHYN\TLU[V
KLX\LLZ[LZWYVNYHTHZ_LYHSTLU[LILULÄJPHUHVZWVIYLZV\HVZKLZMH]VYLJPKVZtWYVIHISLX\L
ZL_HUHU[PLJVU}TPJHZLPULÄJHJLZ¹W

9LJVTLUKHJP}U KV 7HYSHTLU[V ,\YVWLV L KV *VUZLSSV ,* ZVIYL JVTWL[LUJPHZ JSH]L UH HWYLUKPaH_L
permanente.

)HUJV4\UKPHS ,K\JHJP}U[tJUPJH`MVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS>HZOPUN[VU+*)HUJV0U[LYUHJPVUHSKL9LJVUZ[Y\JJP}U
`-VTLU[V

<UZ HUVZ THPZ [HYKL V TLZTV )HUJV 4\UKPHS LTWYLNH H LJVUVTxH KV JV|LJLTLU[V JVTV LP_V
[YHUZ]LYZHSUHVYPLU[HJP}UKHZZHZWVSx[PJHZLK\JH[P]HZ(ZxUV 1HTLZ>VSMLUZVOUWYLZPKLU[LKV
)HUJV 4\UKPHS YLMLYP\ZL m HWYLUKPaH_L WLYTHULU[L JVTV \UOH WHY[L M\UKHTLU[HS KV X\L ZPNUPÄJH H
MVYTHJP}UJVTVTLKPVKLYLK\JPYHWVIYLaHUVT\UKV)HUJV4\UKPHSW(HWYLUKPaH_LWLY
THULU[LtWVPZJHYHJ[LYPaHKHJVTVVMHJ[VYJY\JPHSX\LWYLWHYHYmmMVYaHSHIVYHSWHYHX\LWVKHJVTWL[PY
UHLJVUVTxHT\UKPHSW
5LZ[LW\U[VHZWLYZVHZ]L|LUHJVUZPKLYHYZLJHWP[HSO\THUVHZxLUJVU[YHTVZHWYLVJ\WHJP}UKH
6*+,LUKLZJYPIPYHZWVSx[PJHZKLPU]LZ[PTLU[VZLYL[VYUVZUVJHWP[HSO\THUVLYLSHJPVUHSVJVJYLJLTLU[V
LJVU}TPJV(ZxUV H6*+,JVTLaV\VWYV_LJ[V+L:L*V4X\LKL[LYTPUHIHVJVUJLW[VKLJVT
WL[LUJPHLTHPZLUJVUJYL[VHZ¸*VTWL[LUJPHZ*\YYPJ\SHYLZWHYHH=PKH¹***UHZZHZZPNSHZLUPUNStZ
LVZ0UKPJHKVYLZKL*HWP[HS/\THUVJVTV_LP[VKLLZ[HUKHYPaHY\UZZHILYLZX\LWLYTP[PYmUSL]HY]PKHZ
YLZWVUZHISLZLL_P[VZHZU\UOHZVJPLKHKLTVKLYUHLKLTVJYm[PJH
7VKLTVZHWYLJPHYJVTVZLJVU[HIPSPaHUVZZHILYLZKHZWLYZVHZLZLJSHZPÄJHULUHWYLUKPaH_LZMVY
THPZUVUMVYTHPZLPUMVYTHPZ,Z[LZZHILYLZZVUHJOH]LX\LSSLIYPUKHYmWVZPIPSPKHKLZHVPUKP]PK\VKL
JVU]LY[LYZLU\ULSLTLU[V]HSPVZVKHZVJPLKHKL
1.2. A educación para o emprendemento na Unión Europea.
(0UPJPH[P]H,TWYLUKLKVYHUVZL\ZLU[PKVTmPZHTWSVt\UOHKHZJVTWL[LUJPHZImZPJHZ_\U[VJVHZ
[LJUVSV_xHZKHPUMVYTHJP}UHZSPUN\HZLZ[YHU_LPYHZLHZOHIPSPKHKLZZVJPHPZ5.
6PU[LYLZLWVYMVTLU[HYH0UPJPH[P]H,TWYLUKLKVYHUVmTIP[VLK\JH[P]VLJVUJYL[HTLU[LUH-VYTH
JP}U7YVMLZPVUHS_VYKLK\UVI_LJ[P]VLZ[YH[t_PJVKH<UP}U,\YVWLHYLJVSSPKVLUKP]LYZVZKVJ\TLU[VZL
KLJSHYHJP}UZKLUKLV*VUZLSSV,\YVWLVKL3PZIVHYLHSPaHKVLUTHYaVKLX\LKLZL|HIHHLZ[YH[L_PH
,\YVWH K\UOH LJVUVTxH IHZLHKH UV JV|LJLTLU[V H[L H THPZ YLJLU[L ,Z[YH[L_PH ,\YVWH
_\YKPKHKH*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHUVVUKL[YHaH\UOHLZ[YH[L_PHWHYH\UJYLJLTLU[VPU[LSP_LU[LZVZ[PISL
e integrador para Europa.
67SHUKL(JJP}UZVIYLV,TWYLUKLTLU[VW\ISPJHKVWVSH*VTPZP}U,\YVWLHUVWYV
WVUZL YLSHUaHY V LZWxYP[V LTWYLUKLKVY LU ,\YVWH 5LZ[L WSHU YLJ}SSLUZL [YLZ WPHYLZ WHYH V LTWYLUKL
TLU[V! LK\JHY L MVYTHY WHYH V LTWYLUKLTLU[V JYLHY \UOH JVU[VYUH MH]VYHISL HVZ LTWYLUKLKVYLZ L
LZ[HISLJLYTVKLSVZLJOLNHYHNY\WVZLZWLJxÄJVZWHYHLTWYLUKLY
<UOHKHZJPUJVWYPVYPKHKLZWVSx[PJHZUVmTIP[VKH,K\JHJP}UL-VYTHJP}ULU,\YVWHX\LYLJVSSLV
WYVNYHTH,YHZT\ZtH0UPJPH[P]H,TWYLZHYPHS(JVTWL[LUJPHLTWYLUKLKVYHKLILYmKLZLU]VS]LYZL[HU[V
UHHKX\PZPJP}UKLJV|LJLTLU[VZZVIYLHZLTWYLZHZJVTVUVMVTLU[VKLHW[P[\KLZLHJ[P[\KLZLZLUJPHPZ
[HSLZJVTVHJYLH[P]PKHKLHPUPJPH[P]HH[LUHJPKHKLV[YHIHSSVLULX\PWVVJV|LJLTLU[VKVYPZJVLV
ZLU[PKVKHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKL
1.3. Introdución do emprendemento no currículo educativo: o caso español.
(3LP6YNmUPJHKHZJ\HSPÄJHJP}UZLKHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSZLN\PUKV\UOHLZ[YH[L_PHJVVYKP
UHKHWHYHVLTWYLNVWYVTV]PKHWVSH<UP}U,\YVWLHMx_HZLJVTVWYVW}ZP[VLZWLJxÄJVHJYLHJP}UK\UZPZ
[LTHUHJPVUHSKL*\HSPÄJHJP}UZL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSJ\UOHMLYYHTLU[HLZWLJxÄJHV*H[HSVNV5HJPV
UHSKL*\HSPÄJHJP}UZ7YVMLZPVUHPZL\UZÄUZLZWLJxÄJVZLU[YLVZX\LJVU[H!0UJVYWVYHYmVMLY[HMVYTH[P]H
HX\LSHZHJJP}UZKLMVYTHJP}UX\LJHWHJP[LUWHYHVKLZLTWL|VKLHJ[P]PKHKLZLTWYLZHYPHPZLWVYJVU[H
WYVWPHHZxJVTVWHYHVMVTLU[VKHZPUPJPH[P]HZLTWYLZHYPHPZLKVLZWxYP[VLTWYLUKLKVYX\LJVU[LTWSHYm
[}KHSHZMVYTHZKLJVUZ[P[\JP}ULVYNHUPaHJP}UKHZLTWYLZHZ_HZL_HULZ[HZPUKP]PK\HPZV\JVSLJ[P]HZL
LULZWLJPHSHZKHLJVUVTxHZVJPHSHY[PNV
(3LP6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}UKLKLTHPV36,LZ[HISLJLUVZL\HY[PNVOX\LH-VYTH
JP}U7YVMLZPVUHSUVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VJVU[YPI\PYmHX\LVHS\TUHKVHJHKLVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLHWYLUKPaH_L
X\L SSL WLYTP[HU HÄHUaHY V LZWxYP[V LTWYLUKLKVY WHYH V KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V KL HJ[P]PKHKLZ L PUPJPH[P]HZ
empresariais.

)HUJV4\UKPHSPUMVYTL(WYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[LLUSHLJVUVTxHNSVIHSKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V)VNV[m!(SMHVTLNH
*VSVTIPHUH
4
6,*++L:L*V)HJRNYV\UKWHWLYYLJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^VLJKVYNLK\JH[PVUZRPSSZIL`VUKZJOVVS WKM
JVUZ\S[HKVV
5
¸,+<*(*0Ô5@-694(*0Ô5¹<9.,53(:9,-694(:7(9(*6965(9*65i?0;63(,:;9(;,.0(+,
30:)6( 0UMVYTL PU[LYTLKPV JVU_\U[V KV *VUZLSSV L KH *VTPZP}U ,\YVWLH KL KL THYaV KL O[[W!YLNPZ[LY
JVUZPSP\TL\YVWHL\KVJZY]&S$,: M$:; 050;*VUZ\S[HKVV

(LU[YHKHLU]PNVYKLZ[H36,]L\Z\JLKPKHWVY\UOHHTWSHTVKPÄJHJP}UJ\YYPJ\SHYKVZ*PJSVZ-VYTH
[P]VZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKL.YHV4LKPVL:\WLYPVYWHYHHKHW[HYHZ[P[\SHJP}UZWYLL_PZ[LU[LZLHZKL
UV]HPTWSHU[HJP}UHVZYLX\PYPTLU[VZKV:PZ[LTHKL*\HSPÄJHJP}UZ7YVMLZPVUHPZKV*H[mSVNVKL*\HSPÄJH
JP}UZ7YVMLZPVUHPZLKHTLZTH36,,U[YLV\[YHZUV]PKHKLZPU[YVK\JP\ZL\UT}K\SV[YHUZ]LYZHSmTHPVY
WHY[LKHZ[P[\SHJP}UZKL-7KLUVTPUHKV¸,TWYLZHL0UPJPH[P]H,TWYLUKLKVYH¹,Z[LT}K\SVKLJHYmJ[LY
VIYPNH[VYPVLJVUH[YPI\JP}UKVJLU[LHVWYVMLZVYHKVKL-VYTHJP}UL6YPLU[HJP}U3HIVYHSLZ[mVYPLU[HKV
WLKHN}_PJHTLU[LHX\LVHS\TUHKVHJHKLHMVYTHJP}UULJLZHYPHWHYHKLZLU]VS]LYHWYVWPHPUPJPH[P]HUV
LPKVLTWYLZHYPHS[HU[VJHYHVH\[VLTWYLNVJVTVJHYHmHZ\UJP}UKLYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZLM\UJP}UZUV
LTWYLNVWVYJVU[HHSSLH
+LHJVYKVJVKPZWVZ[VUVZ9LHPZ+LJYL[VZX\LVYKLUHUVZ[x[\SVZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSULZ[L
T}K\SVKL,TWYLZHL0UPJPH[P]H,TWYLUKLKVYHtWYLJLW[P]VYLHSPaHY\UWYV_LJ[VKLWSHUKLLTWYLZHYLSH
JPVUHKVJVHHJ[P]PKHKLWYVWPHKV[x[\SVLX\LPUJSH[VKHZHZMHJL[HZKLWVZ[HLUTHYJOHK\UULNVJPVHZx
JVTVH_\Z[PÄJHJP}UKHZHULJLZPKHKLZVJPHS
2. Teorías da formación de capital a través da educación e a relación entre capital humano,

capacidades emprendedoras e competitividade.
(JVUÄN\YHJP}UKVZ\_LP[VKLKLYLP[VZUVKPZJ\YZVSPILYHS
(PKLHKLWYVTV]LYHMVYTHJP}ULUOHIPSPKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHPZVYPLU[HKHZHVLUJHP_LKVPUKP]PK\VUHZ
KLTHUKHZKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSSVJVU[HJ\UOHSVUNH[YHKPJP}UUHHUmSPZLKHZWVSx[PJHZLK\JH[P]HZKLUKL
\UOH WLYZWLJ[P]H LJVU}TPJH 5V PKLHS KLTVJYm[PJV TVKLYUV LU[tUKLZL X\L V Z\_LP[V KL KLYLP[V t \U
Z\_LP[VSPILYHS6KPZJ\YZVWVSx[PJVKHTVKLYUPKHKLHWHY[PYKVZPKLHPZPS\Z[YHKVZLKPMxJHZLZVIYLHPKLHKL
X\LHZVJPLKHKLLZ[mJVUMVYTHKHWVYZ\_LP[VZSPIYLZLMVYTHSTLU[LPN\HPZWLYHU[LHSLPX\LPU[LY]L|LUUH
JVTWVZPJP}UKVZPZ[LTH_\YxKPJVWVSx[PJV8\LKHWH[LU[LKHX\LSHHPKLHK\UOHYVI\Z[HWHY[PJPWHJP}UKVZ
PUKP]PK\VZUHLZMLYHWISPJHLZWHaVX\LJVUK\JLHVYLJV|LJLTLU[VKVZZL\ZKLYLP[VZ
9H^SZ JVUÄN\YH V Z\_LP[V SPILYHS LU [LYTVZ KL reasonable citizen \U JPKHKmU YHaVHISL X\L
X\LYLJVVWLYHYJVZV\[YVZJPKHKmUZLZ[HISLJLUKVYLNYHZX\LZL_HUHJLW[HISLZWHYH[VKVZWLYVZLUJHLY
UVLNVxZTVWVPZJVU[LTWSHX\LZLZHJYPÄJHYmUVZPU[LYLZLZWYVWPVZLUMH]VYKVILUJVTU6ZJPKHKmUZ
YHaVHISLZLZ[PTHYxHUSL_x[PTVV\ZVKVWVKLYJVLYJP[P]VZLTWYLX\LLZ[P]LYHH_\Z[HKVHVZWYPUJPWPVZHJVY
KHKVZ+LZ[HTHULPYH9H^SZLZ[HISLJL\UOHPKLHKH_\Z[PaHSPILYHSHZLU[HKHUVZZLN\PU[LZWYPUJPWPVZ!
<UOHJVUJLWJP}USPILYHSKH_\Z[PaHHZLU[HKHZVIYLVJV|LJLTLU[VLHZ\UJP}UWHYH[VKVZVZJPKH
KmUZKVZZL\ZKLYLP[VZLSPILYKHKLZPUKP]PK\HPZJVTVVKLYLP[VHLSP_PYSPIYLTLU[LHWYVMLZP}U
<UOH JVUJLWJP}U WVSx[PJH X\L KLYH \UOH WYPVYPKHKL H LZLZ KLYLP[VZ L SPILYKHKLZ LZWLJPHSTLU[L
ZVIYLKLTHUKHZWHYHWYVTV]LYVILU_LYHSWVYL_LTWSVH\TLU[HYHYPX\LaHUHJPVUHSV\]HSVYLZ
WLYMLJJPVUPZ[HZ WVY L_LTWSV WYVTV]LY \UOH ]PZP}U WHY[PJ\SHY KH WYVZWLYPKHKL O\THUH human
ÅV\YPZOPUN)
<UOHJVUJLWJP}UWVSx[PJHX\LHZLN\YHYHTLKPVZZ\ÄJPLU[LZWHYHMHJLYLMLJ[P]HZHZSPILYKHKLZKL
[VKVZVZJPKHKmUZ
iKPJPYHJVUK\[HKVZ\_LP[VYHJPVUHS[HSLJVTVHKLZJYPIL9H^SZ LZ[HIStJLZLH[LUKLUKVH
WHYmTL[YVZ LTPULU[LTLU[L LJVU}TPJVZ V\ ZL_H X\L V JVTWVY[HTLU[V KV PUKP]PK\V LZ[HYm KPYP_PKV H
LTWYLNHYVZTLKPVZTmPZLMLJ[P]VZWHYHVI[LYVZÄUZKHKVZWLYVT\[\HTLU[LKLZPU[LYLZHKVZ¸0Z[VUVU
X\LYLKPJPYX\LZL_HULNVxZ[HZtKPJPYX\LZL_HUPUKP]PK\VZX\LZ}[L|HUJLY[VZ[PWVZKLPU[LYLZLZ[HSLZ
JVTVHYPX\LaHWYLZ[P_PVLWVKLY:LULTIHYNVZLSSLZJVUJPILUJVTVZLYLZX\LUVULZ[mUPU[LYLZHKVZ
UVZPU[LYLZLZHSSLVZ¹W
,Z[LKPZJ\YZVSPILYHStJ\LZ[PVUHKVKLUKLVKPZJ\YZVKVZ+LYLP[VZ/\THUVZWVYH\[VYLZJVTV+^VY
RPU WX\LLSHIVYH\UOH[LVYxHKVZKLYLP[VZJVTVº[YP\UMVZ»UHWVSx[PJHJV[PmX\LZLKLÄULWVY
\UOH[VTHKLKLJPZP}UZIHZLHKHUH\[PSPKHKLLUHLÄJPLUJPH¸6ZKLYLP[VZTVYHPZX\L[LTVZJVU[YHVZ
NVILYUVZKLILYxHULZ[HYJVUZHNYHKVZU\UOHJVUZ[P[\JP}UWHYHL]P[HYX\LHZHKTPUPZ[YHJP}UZWYVT\SN\LU
SLPZV\HKVW[LUWVSx[PJHZX\LKV\[YV_LP[VWHYLJLYxHUH[YHJ[P]HZW

>LUHY3LPM¸1VOU9H^SZ¹;OL:[HUMVYK,UJ`JSVWLKPHVM7OPSVZVWO`:WYPUN,KP[PVU,K^HYK5AHS[HLK<93$
#O[[WZ!WSH[VZ[HUMVYKLK\HYJOP]LZZWYLU[YPLZYH^SZ%9LJ\WLYHKVV

7VYV\[YHIHUKH+L3\JHZ WHSLNHX\LHWYL[LUZP}UKLHSJHUJL\UP]LYZHSKVZKLYLP[VZ
UVKPZJ\YZVSPILYHSLZJVUKLHSN\UOHZYLK\JP}UZX\LVKLZTLU[LULULZLUJPHX\L¸VZ[P[\SHYLZWYL[LUKPKH
TLU[L\UP]LYZHPZ[VKVZVZOVTLZLUYLHSPKHKLUVUVZVU¹
2.2. Relación entre capital humano, capacidades emprendedoras e competitividade.
(ZxWVPZHZ[LVYxHZKHJVUÄN\YHJP}UKVJHWP[HSO\THUV[VTHUVTVKLSVKPZJ\YZP]VKVZ\_LP[VSPILYHS
WHYHJVUÄN\YHY\UJVU_\U[VKLJHWHJPKHKLZPU[LSLJ[\HPZOmIP[VZLOHIPSPKHKLZX\LVPUKP]PK\VHKX\PYLL
LZ[mU]PUJ\SHKVZmWYVK\[P]PKHKL)LJRLY :JO\S[a ,Z[LH\[VYLZZVZ[L|LUX\LHWYVZWLYPKHKL
LJVU}TPJHKLPUKP]PK\VZLUHJP}UZLZ[mYLSHJPVUHKHJVUTLYVKLHUVZWHZHKVZLUMVYTHJP}UHL_WL
YPLUJPHWYVMLZPVUHSLVZZHILYLZHKX\PYPKVZWVYKPZ[PU[HZ]xHZ(ZxHLK\JHJP}UKLILZLYJVUZPKLYHKHJVTV
\UPU]LZ[PTLU[VX\LYLHSPaHUVZPUKP]PK\VZLX\LSSLZWLYTP[LH\TLU[HYHZHKV[HJP}UKLJHWP[HSO\THUV
X\LJVU[YPILKL_LP[VKL[LYTPUHU[LHVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJVKVZWHxZLZLU]PY[\KLKVZL\UL_VKPYLJ[V
JVHWYVK\[P]PKHKL
)LJRLY HÄYTV\!
¸6JVU[PU\VJYLJLTLU[VUVZPUNYLZVZWLYJmWP[HKLTVP[VZWHxZLZK\YHU[LVZZtJ\SVZ?0?L??
tLUWHY[LKLIPKVmL_WHUZP}UKVJV|LJLTLU[VJPLU[xÄJVL[tJUPJVX\LPUJYLTLU[HHWYVK\[P]P
KHKL KV [YHIHSSV L KV\[YVZ MHJ[VYLZ KH WYVK\JP}U¯ , H JYLJLU[L KLWLUKLUJPH KH PUK\Z[YPH UV
JV|LJLTLU[VZVÄZ[PJHKVYLHSaHKLNYHUTHULPYHV]HSVYKHLK\JHJP}UKHLK\JHJP}U[tJUPJHLKH
MVYTHJP}UUVS\NHYKL[YHIHSSV¹W
<JIHZHYHU YLSHJPVUH HZ [LVYxHZ KV JHWP[HS O\THUV KL )LJRLY L :JO\S[a JVHZ OHIPSPKHKLZ L
JHWHJPKHKLZLTWYLUKLKVYHZJVUÄN\YHUKVVJHWP[HSO\THUVLTWYLUKLKVY(Zx<JIHZHYHUKPZ[PUN\LUHZ
WLYZVHZ LTWYLUKLKVYHZ HZ JHWHJPKHKLZ _LYHPZ LTWYLUKLKVYHZ general capabilities) e as capacidades
LZWLJxÄJHZKVWLYÄSLTWYLUKLKVY(ZWYPTLPYHZLZ[mU]PUJ\SHKHZmZ[LVYxHZJSmZPJHZKVJHWP[HSO\THUV
WVYL_LTWSVHMVYTHJP}UV\HL_WLYPLUJPHSHIVYHSLHZZLN\UKHZLZ[mUYLSHJPVUHKHZJVUJHWHJPKHKLZ
PU[YxUZLJHZHVLTWYLUKLTLU[VWVYL_LTWSVOHIPSPKHKLZKPYLJ[P]HZL_WLYPLUJPH_LZ[PVUHUKV\UULNVJPV
(ZxWVPZVPUKP]PK\VX\LKLZL_LTH_PTPaHYVZL\YLUKLTLU[VUVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSV\LJVU}TPJVKLILYm
PU]LZ[PYUVZL\JHWP[HSO\THUVV_LYHSLVLZWLJxÄJVLTWYLUKLKVY
¸*VUZPKtYHUZLKV\ZYLZ\S[HKVZKVWYVJLZVLTWYLUKLKVY6ZLZ[\KVZWYL]PVZ_LYHSTLU[LZLJLU[YHYVU
U\UUPJVYLZ\S[HKV9LJV|LJLTVZX\LVWLYÄSKLJHWP[HSO\THUVX\LZLWV[LUJPHWHYHPKLU[PÄJHYVWVY[\
UPKHKLZJVTLYJPHPZWVKLUVUZLYVTLZTVX\LVYLX\PYPKVWHYHI\ZJHYVWVY[\UPKHKLZJVTLYJPHPZ0KLU
[PMxJHUZLVZLSLTLU[VZKVJHWP[HSO\THUVK\ULTWYLUKLKVYHZVJPHKVZJVHPU[LUZPKHKLKLPKLU[PÄJHJP}U
KLVWVY[\UPKHKLZtKPJPYHJHU[PKHKLKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZPKLU[PÄJHKHZLVZHZVJPHKVZJVHPU[LUZPKHKLKH
WYVJ\YHKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZtKPJPYVUTLYVKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZPKLU[PÄJHKHZ¹W
,Z[LKPZJ\YZVKVJHWP[HSO\THUVHZtU[HZLZVIYLHPKLHKHWYVK\[P]PKHKLVJYLJLTLU[VLHJVTWL
[P[P]PKHKLJVTVMHJ[VYLZKLt_P[VUVZPUKP]PK\VZLUVZWHxZLZ=LYLTVZX\LL_PZ[LUYLZWVZ[HZHS[LYUH[P]HZ
KLUKLH(JHKLTPHWHYHJVUZ[Y\xYV\[YVKPZJ\YZVUHLK\JHJP}ULUVZKLYLP[VZM\UKHTLU[HPZ
3. Marco teórico para a investigación da educación para o emprendemento.
*VUÄN\YHJP}UKV[YHIHSSVUHZVJPLKHKLWVZ[TVKLYUHLWVZ[PUK\Z[YPHS
*VTV]PTVZVIZLY]HUKVH<UP}U,\YVWLHHK_\KPJH\UOHNYHUKLPTWVY[HUJPHmLK\JHJP}ULmMVYTH
JP}UUHJYLHJP}UKLLTWYLNVLUVJYLJLTLU[V6Z*VUZLSSVZ,\YVWLVZKL,Z[VJVSTV4HYaV
L )HYJLSVUH 4HYaV LZ[HISLJLYVU VZ VI_LJ[P]VZ JVUJYL[VZ WHYH V M\[\YV KVZ ZPZ[LTHZ KL
LK\JHJP}ULMVYTHJP}ULU,\YVWHHZxJVTVVWYVNYHTHKL[YHIHSSV;OL,K\JH[PVUHUK;YHPUPUN^VYR
WYVNYHTTLWHYHHSJHUaHSVZUV,ZLZVI_LJ[P]VZPUJS\xHUVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKLJVTWL[LUJPHZWHYH
HZVJPLKHKLKVJV|LJLTLU[VLLU[YLV\[YVZVVI_LJ[P]VLZWLJxÄJVKLKLZLU]VS]LYVLTWYLUKLTLU[V
WHYHWYVTV]LY\UOHKPTLUZP}UL\YVWLHKHLK\JHJP}U
( ]PUJ\SHJP}U LU[YL OHIPSPKHKLZ L JHWHJPKHKLZ LTWYLUKLKVYHZ JYLJLTLU[V LJVU}TPJV L ILULZ[HY
ZVJPHS [HTtU LZ[m TVP WYLZLU[L UV KPZJ\YZV ZVIYL LK\JHJP}U UH <UP}U ,\YVWLH 5V PUMVYTL KV NY\WV
KL L_WLY[VZ KH *VTPZP}U ,\YVWLH ZVIYL Emprendemento na Formación Profesional en Europa
L_WYLZHU!

¸0MP[PZ[VTHRLHZ\JJLZZVM[OL3PZIVUZ[YH[LN`MVYNYV^[OHUKLTWSV`TLU[,\YVWLULLKZ[V
Z[PT\SH[LLU[YLWYLUL\YPHSTPUKZL[ZHTVUN`V\UNWLVWSLLUJV\YHNLPUUV]H[P]LI\ZPULZZZ[HY[\WZ
HUKMVZ[LYHJ\S[\YL[OH[PZMYPLUKSPLY[VLU[YLWYLUL\YZOPWHUK[V[OLNYV^[OVMZTHSSHUKTLKP\T
ZPaLKI\ZPULZZLZ;OLPTWVY[HU[YVSLVMLK\JH[PVUPUWYVTV[PUNTVYLLU[YLWYLUL\YPHSH[[P[\KLZHUK
ILOH]PV\YZZ[HY[PUNL]LUH[WYPTHY`ZJOVVSPZUV^^PKLS`YLJVNUPZLK¹W
,Z[H]PUJ\SHJP}ULU[YLHKX\PZPJP}UV\YLMVYaVKLJVTWL[LUJPHZTHPVYLTWYLNHIPSPKHKLLLUKLÄUP[P]H
\UOHTHPVYLZ[HIPSPKHKLZVJPHSLZ[mIHZLHKVU\UTVKLSVLJVU}TPJVLZVJPHSVUKLUVUZLJ\LZ[PVUHH
JHWHJPKHKLKLJYLJLTLU[VLUWYPUJPWPVPUÄUP[VKVZLZ[HKVZLHZLJVUVTxHZ,Z[LKPZJ\YZVLZ[mZLUKV
MVUKHTLU[LKLIH[PKVWVY[L}YPJVZKVKLJYLJLTLU[V;HPIVX\LZVZ[L|LUX\LVTVKLSVKLJYLJL
TLU[VPUÄUP[VtPUZVZ[PISLLUVUYLZWVUKLmYLHSPKHKLK\UWSHUL[HJVUYLJ\YZVZSPTP[HKVZX\L_HL_JLKL\
HZHJHWHJPKHKLKLYLJ\WLYHJP}UHIVJHUKVmZVJPLKHKLH\UJVSHWZV
<UOH ]PZP}U JYx[PJH KH WYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}U KH LK\JHJP}U t HJOLNHKH KLUKL ;VYYLZ :HU[VTt
JHUKVZPUHSHHTLYJHU[PSPaHJP}UKVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V7HYHLZ[LH\[VYHZVWJP}UZPKLVS}_PJHZULVSPILYHPZ
[YH[HU KL PTWV|LY \U TVKLSV KL ZVJPLKHKL VUKL H LK\JHJP}U HJHIL YLK\JPKH H \U ILU KL JVUZ\TV
THPZYLK\JPKHH\UOHTLYJHUJxHVUKLHZWLYZVHZLSP_LUVZJLU[YVZLZJVSHYLZ[P[\SHJP}UZLWYVMLZVYHKV
KVTLZTV_LP[VX\LZLLSP_LULJVTWHYHUV\[YVZWYVK\[VZLULLU[YLKPMLYLU[LZZ\WLYTLYJHKVZW
7VYV\[YHIHUKHLUJVU[YmTVUVZJVHJLU[YHSPKHKLKV[YHIHSSVLHJVUÄN\YHJP}UKHZPKLU[PKHKLZZVJPHPZ
KVZTVaVZLTVaHZUVTHYJVKHZHJ[\HPZYLSHJP}UZSHIVYHPZ+\U[LTWVHLZ[HWHY[LLZ[HUZLHWYVK\JPY
WYVM\UKVZJHTIPVZUVWYVJLZVKLPUJVYWVYHJP}UHVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSSVLUVZJVU[VYUVZSHIVYHPZ6[YH
IHSSVMVPVZVWVY[LUVX\LZLJVUZ[P[\xYVUTV]LTLU[VZZVJPHPZJSH]LJVTVVZPUKPJHSPZTVV\VTV]LTLU[V
VIYLPYV0N\HSTLU[LMVP\UMHJ[VYKLZVJPHSPaHJP}ULPKLU[PÄJHJP}UZVJPHS(U[}UW
(U[}UZVZ[tUX\LHPKLU[PÄJHJP}UKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZJVZPUKPJHSPZTVLVX\LL_WSPJH[HTtUV
JYLJLU[LKLZHWLNVKHZUV]HZ_LYHJP}UZJVZTV]LTLU[VZZPUKPJHPZLVIYLPYVZLZ[mYLSHJPVUHKHJVHZH
WVZPJP}UUVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSSV(ZxV[YHIHSSVt\U_LYHKVY[HU[VKLPKLU[PKHKLJVSLJ[P]HJYLHUKV\UOH
JVUJPLUJPHKLJSHZLLUVUZ}JPKHKmUZPUKP]PK\HPZJVTHKLPKLU[PKHKLPUKP]PK\HSJVTVTLKPVKL]PKHL
JVTVH\[VHÄYTHJP}ULKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VWLYZVHS+LLZ[L_LP[VHWYLJHYPaHJP}UJYLJLU[LKHZ[YH_LJ[VYPHZ
SHIVYHPZKVZTVaVZLTVaHZSL]HHKLZLU]VS]LY\UWYVJLZVKLYLH_\Z[LKHZL_WLJ[H[P]HZHKHW[HJP}UL
UV]VZLZMVYaVZPUKP]PK\HPZ(U[}UW
5HVWPUP}UKL)L]LYS`:PS]LYZLULTIHYNVHJSHZLVIYLPYHUVULZ[mKLZ[PUHKHHKLZHWHYLJLYUVZtJ\SV
??0ZLUVUX\LLZ[mLUWYVJLZVKLHKHW[HJP}UHVZJHTIPVZZLUKVVTmPZPTWVY[HU[LHYLJVUÄN\YHJP}U
KVWVKLYKLULNVJPHJP}UUVS\NHYKL[YHIHSSVKVZUV]VZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZ:PS]LYW
(PYY\WJP}UKVJVUJLW[VKLWYLJHYPHKV:[HUKPUNZLU[H\UUV]VTHYJVJVUJLW[\HSWHYHLU[LU
KLYHZYLSHJP}UZSHIVYHPZWVZ[TVKLYUHZ:[HUKPUNJVTLaHHÄYTHUKVX\LHWYLJHYPaHJP}UtH[LUKLUJPH
SHIVYHSKVTPUHU[LUHZWYPUJPWHPZLJVUVTxHZLJVPUJPKPUKVJVU;VYYLZ:HU[VTtWZVZ[tUX\L
VZ WYVJLZVZ KL KLZYLN\SHJP}U MVTLU[HU V JYLJLTLU[V KLZ[H JVUKPJP}U ,Z[H KLZYLN\SHJP}U [YHKJLZL
UVKLZTHU[LSHTLU[VK\UZPZ[LTHJVUZ[Y\xKVLU[VYUVmJPKHKHUxHPUK\Z[YPHSX\LNHYHU[xHZLN\YPKHKLUV
TLYJHKVSHIVYHSUVLTWYLNVUVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSVMYVU[LHHJJPKLU[LZLLUMLYTPKHKLZUHYLWYVK\JP}U
KLOHIPSPKHKLZUVZPUNYLZVZLUHYLWYLZLU[HJP}U8\LKHYM}YHKLZ[HZNHYHU[xHZLX\P]HSLHJHLYUHWYLJH
YPLKHKLSHIVYHSLU[LUKPKHJVTH\UOHPUHJHIHISLZP[\HJP}UKL[LTWVYHSPKHKLKLZLTWYLNVZ\ILTWYLNV
X\LZPNUPÄJHWHYH\UPTWVY[HU[LZLJ[VYKHWVIVHJP}U]P]PYU\ULZ[HKVKLPSSHTLU[VLKLIPSPKHKLMYVU[LHV
JHWP[HSKVX\LZLKLYP]H\UOHJVUZ[HU[LPUZLN\YPKHKLLU[VKHZHZVYKLZKH]PKH:[HUKPUNW
<UOHHJOLNHPU[LYLZHU[LHLZ[LKPZJ\YZVtHUVJP}UKLJVNUP[HYPHKV4H`VZX\LZVZ[tUX\L
HZVJPLKHKLKLJV|LJLTLU[VYLX\PYL[YHIHSSHKVYLZX\LLUS\NHYKLSL]HYVTVUVHa\SLMHJLY[YHIHSSVZ
THU\HPZ[L|HUTHPVYLZJV|LJLTLU[VZLLZ[LHUTLSSVYMVYTHKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZJVNUP[P]VZJVNUP[HYPHKV
7HYHAHMYHHYLHSPKHKLKLTVP[VZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHY[xZ[PJVZJYLHKVYLZPU[LSLJ[\HPZV\HJHKtTPJVZ
tX\LVZL\JVU[L_[V]LUKLÄUPKVWVSH¸PUÄS[YHJP}ULU[YHIHSSVZV\WYmJ[PJHZ[LTWVYHPZLLU]PKHZWLYMLJ[H
TLU[LJVULJ[HKHZ:\_LP[VZLU]VS]PKVZLUWYLJHYPLKHKLL[YH]LZ[PKVZK\ULU[\ZPHZTVÄU_PKV\ZHKVWHYH
H\TLU[HYHZHWYVK\[P]PKHKLHJHTIPVKLWHNVZZPTI}SPJVZLKLLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHWVZWVZ[H¹W
(ZWYVWVZ[HZKL4H`VZLAHMYHJVNUP[HYPHKVLSLJJP}UKH]xHWYLJHYPHWHYHWYVZLN\PY\UJHTP|VJYLH
[P]V]VJHJPVUHSWHYLJLUJVU[YHWV|LYZLJVKPZJ\YZVSPILYHSX\LVIZLY]HHVZ\_LP[VJVTVZLYYHJPVUHSL
sensato (o reasonable citizenKL9H^SZX\L[VTHKLJPZP}UZLTWYLNHUKVHS}_PJHLJVU}TPJHKLTH_PTPaHY
VZL\ILULÄJPVLTWYLNHUKVVZTLKPVZULJLZHYPVZWHYHVI[LYHÄUKLZL_HKH
7VY X\L t JVT\UTLU[L HJLW[HKV X\L UH PUJVYWVYHJP}U m ]PKH HJ[P]H MVYTHU WHY[L KV WYVJLZV HZ
WYmJ[PJHZUVUYLT\ULYHKHZV[YHIHSSVvoluntarioHZJVUKPJP}UZPUJLY[HZVZOVYHYPVZX\LUVUWLYTP[LUH
ZVJPHSPaHJP}UHWLYTHULU[LKPZWV|PIPSPKHKLLJVULJ[P]PKHKL&*VTVJOLNHYVUHMHJLYWHY[LKVJVU[YH[V
UVULZJYP[VWHYHHPUJVYWVYHJP}UHVTLYJHKVSHIVYHS&
(SN\UOHZKHZYHa}UZWVKLU[LYX\L]LYJVX\L(KLSH*VY[PUHKLUVTPUV\aporofobiaVYL_LP[HTLU[V
KVWVIYL*VY[PUH ZVZ[tUX\LtWVZPISLJVUZ[H[HY\UOH[LUKLUJPHHPUMYHO\THUPaHYHV¸WVIYL¹JVSV
JmUKVVUVZJHU[VZKHZVJPLKHKLWVYX\LLUKLÄUP[P]HtWLYJPIPKVJVTV\UOHTVZ[YHKVMYHJHZVV\TLSSVY

KP[VKHY\W[\YHUVJVU[YH[VWVSx[PJVLJVU}TPJVLZVJPHSX\LZLJVUZ[Y\x\ZVIYLV_VNVKL¸KHY¹L¸YLJPIPY¹
*VY[PUHWVPZJVSVJHUVJLYULKHWYVWPHJVUÄN\YHJP}UZVJPHSHJ[\HS\UOHZVJPLKHKLJVU[YHJ[\HSPZ[HLZ[L
WYPUJPWPVKLPU[LYJHTIPV@V\UNWPKLU[PÄJHUVKPZJ\YZVneoconHTLUZH_LKLX\LHZJH\ZHZ
KHWVIYLaH[L|LUVYP_LUVZTLZTVZWVIYLZX\LUVUZLYLZWVUZHIPSPaHUKHZH]PKHJHLUKVLUJVUK\[HZ
THY_PUHPZLKLZ[Y\[P]HZ+LUKLWVZPJP}UZJVUZLY]HKVYHZKPMUKLZLHPKLHKLX\LVZWYVNYHTHZKLH_\KHZ
LZ[H[HPZLTWLVYHUVWYVISLTHHVWLYTP[PYX\LZLNTLU[VZTHY_PUHKVZLZWLYLU\UOHH_\KHWVSHX\LUVU
MHUUHKHLUJVTWLUZHJP}U
3.2. Proposta dun marco teórico no estudo da educación para o emprendemento.
(KLJPZP}UKLLTWYLUKLYHZxJVTVHJHYHJ[LYPaHJP}UKHWLYZVHLTWYLUKLKVYHZVUKLÄUPKHZJVTV
HZWLJ[VZZ\I_LJ[P]VZKHHJJP}UK\UPUKP]PK\VYLZ\S[HKVK\UKPMxJPSWYVJLZVKLKLJPZP}UZUVZX\LVZPUKP
]PK\VZ[VTHUHZVWJP}UZKVZL\M\[\YVWYVMLZPVUHSLU[YLKP]LYZHZHS[LYUH[P]HZ)H\TVS
3PNHUKVLTWYLUKLTLU[VSPKLYHKVLJVUKPJP}UKL]\SULYHIPSPKHKLOHPH\[VYLZX\LHÄYTHUX\LPU[YV
K\JPYHLK\JHJP}ULTWYLUKLKVYHUHL[HWHKVLUZPUVTLKPVWVKLH_\KHYHVZTVaVZLUZP[\HJP}UKL]\SUL
YHIPSPKHKLHPUJYLTLU[HYVZL\PU[LYLZLUHZJSHZLZBYLK\JPUKVVHIZLU[PZTVDLLZ[HISLJLYVZZL\ZWYVWPVZ
ULNVJPVZNH|HUKVZLN\YPKHKLÄUHUJLPYH:HIVL392HU[VY1 >HSZO1
+LUKLHWLYZWLJ[P]HKH_\Z[PaHZVJPHSOHPH\[VYLZX\LKLMLUKLUHPTWVY[HUJPHKHJVU[VYUHZVJPHSL
VPTWHJ[VKVJVU[L_[VLHJ\S[\YHUHZJHWHJPKHKLZLK\JH[P]HZK\UPUKP]PK\VUVKLIH[LZVIYLVZVI_LJ
[P]VZKHLK\JHJP}UL[HTtUUVYLJV|LJLTLU[VKVZSxTP[LZKVPUKP]PK\VWHYHJVUÄN\YHYVZZL\ZWSHULZKL
]PKH(ZxVIZLY]HUJYP[PJHTLU[LVKPZJ\YZVKH<UP}U,\YVWLH,*ZVIYLH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
X\LLU_HSaHHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLPUKP]PK\HSLUHJPVUHSL_WV|LUKVHPKLHKLX\LVZ\_LP[V[LUm-7JVTV
TLKPVWHYHL]P[HYVKLZLTWYLNVLWVIYLaHWVYX\LH-7WYVWVYJPVUHHZJHSPKHKLZX\LULJLZP[HVTLYJHKV
SHIVYHS3}WLa-VN\tZ
-PULTHUPU[YVK\JL\UJHTIPVUVKPZJ\YZVKHLTWYLNHIPSPKHKLP[LYHUKVKVZ\_LP[VSPILYHSHV
Z\_LP[V]\SULYHISLVUKLJHKHPUKP]PK\VZLLUJVU[YHU\UOHYLKLKLYLSHJP}UZLJVU}TPJHZLPUZ[P[\JPVUHPZ
5HTLZTHSP|HPKLU[PÄJHTVZVJVUJLW[VKHVWYLZP}UUVKPZJ\YZVKL@V\UNWJHUKVHÄYTH
X\L¸(ZWLYZVHZ]P]LUKLU[YVKLLZ[Y\[\YHZKLKVTPUHJP}UZLV\[YHZWLYZVHZV\NY\WVZWVKLUKL[LYTPUHY
ZLUYLSHJP}UKLYLJPWYVJPKHKLHZJVUKPJP}UZKHZZHZHJJP}UZKPYLJ[HTLU[LV\LU]PY[\KLKHZJVUZLJ\LU
JPHZLZ[Y\[\YHPZKHZZHZHJJP}UZ¹
(ZxWVPZVPUKP]PK\VtVIZLY]HKVJVTV\UZLYZVJPHSPU[LYYLSHJPVUHKVLKLWLUKLU[LKV\[YVZ*VUZP
KLYHUKVVWHWLSKHLK\JHJP}ULVZZL\ZYLZ\S[HKVZZVJPHPZJVUYLZWLJ[VmYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLLm_\Z[PaH
NSVIHS@V\UNWYLWYLZLU[HHPKLHKLJVTV\UOHLK\JHJP}UWHYHH_\Z[PaHZVJPHSKPÄYLKVZ
WHYHKPNTHZHJ[\HPZLHZPTWSPJHJP}UZX\L[LU!
¸7VSH JVU[YH \U TVKLSV KL YLZWVUZHIPSPKHKL KLYP]HKV KH JVTWYLUZP}U KH JVUL_P}U LU[YL VZ
H_LU[LZLHZPU_\Z[PaHZLZ[Y\[\YHPZBDJ\LZ[PVUHWYLJPZHTLU[LHZJVUKPJP}UZKLMVUKVX\LH[YP
ILUJ\SWHZV\MHS[HZHZ\TPKHZJVTVUVYTHPZ*HUKV_\SNHTVZX\LL_PZ[L\UOHPU_\Z[PaHLZ[Y\
[\YHSX\LYLTVZKPJPYX\LHSVTLUVZHSN\UOHZKHZJVUKPJP}UZKLMVUKV_LYHPZLHJLW[HKHZUVU
ZVUTVYHSTLU[LHJLW[HISLZ(THPVYxHKLU}ZJVU[YPILLUTHPVYV\TLUVYNYHVmWYVK\JP}UL
YLWYVK\JP}UKHPU_\Z[PaHLZ[Y\[\YHSWYLJPZHTLU[LWVYX\LZLN\PTVZHZYLNYHZLJVU]LUJP}UZHJLW
[HKHZLLZWLYHKHZKHZJVT\UPKHKLZLPUZ[P[\JP}UZUHZX\LHJ[\HTVZ¹
i WVZPISL L_WV|LY \U UV]V THYJV [L}YPJV UV LZ[\KV KV LTWYLKLTLU[V LK\JH[P]V [YHZJLUKLUKV H
]PZP}U\[PSP[HYPZ[HLPUKP]PK\HSPZ[HWYLJVUPaHKHUHZ[LVYxHZKVJHWP[HSO\THUV5}]VH3}WLa-VN\tZ
WYVW}U\UTHYJVHS[LYUH[P]VWHYHHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UUH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSHWVPmUKVZLUV,UMVX\L
das Capacidades ou Capability ApproachCAKL:LUWWX\LWVUVHJLU[VUHSPILYKHKL
X\L[LUHWLYZVHWHYHHSJHUaHYHX\LSVX\L]HSVYHLJVTWSLTtU[HVJVTHYJVKLPU_\Z[PaHZVJPHSLZ[Y\[\YHS
LH[LVYxHKHVWYLZP}UKHZLZ[Y\[\YHZKVWVKLYLU@V\UNWX\LWYVW\NUHHL_PZ[LUJPHKLMVYaHZ
Z\WLYPVYLZHVZPUKP]PK\VZX\LSPTP[HULKL[LYTPUHUHZHJJP}UZLLSLJJP}UZX\LLZ[LZ[VTHU
3VWLa-VN\tZWZVZ[tUX\LVLTWYLNVKVLUMVX\LKHZJHWHJPKHKLZUHLK\JHJP}Ut\U
WHZVTmPZHS}KH[LVYxHKVJHWP[HSO\THUV[YHZSHKmUKVZLKLUKL\ULUMVX\LPUZ[Y\TLU[HSKHLK\JHJP}U
HJ\T\SHJP}U LJVU}TPJH JHYH H \U PU[YxUZLJV V H\TLU[V KHZ WYVWPHZ JHWHJPKHKLZ (Z JHWHJPKHKLZ
ZLN\UKV :LU W ZVU HZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ WLYZVHPZ YLSL]HU[LZ X\L YL_LU H JVU]LYZP}U KL ILUZ
WYPTHYPVZUHJHWHJPKHKLKHWLYZVHKLWYVTV]LYVZZL\ZÄUZ
(ZxWVPZVZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZLULK\JHJP}UX\LZLHJVSSHUHLZ[LLUMVX\L3}WLa-VN\tZW
KLILYmUPYTmPZHS}KHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UUHZOHIPSPKHKLZLJHWHJPKHKLZKVZLZ[\KHU[LZTHPZHS}KHKLZP
N\HSKHKL KLZJYP[P]H KH HUmSPZL KL YLZ\S[HKVZ WHYH [LY LU JVU[H V WHWLS KHZ PUZ[P[\JP}UZ LK\JH[P]HZ UH
JYLHJP}U KL JHWHJPKHKLZ L UV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V KH ZH WYVWPH H_LUKH ;HTtU t WYLJPZV JVUZPKLYHY V

WHWLSKVZWYVMLZPVUHPZLK\JH[P]VZX\LKLILUPYTHPZHS}KHPTWHY[PJP}UK\UJ\YYxJ\SV[tJUPJVVUKLLK\JHU
WHYHVLTWYLNVL[VTHYVYVSHJ[P]PZ[HKLLK\JHYWHYHHZVJPLKHKLWHYHMVYTHYJPKHKmUZJYx[PJVZ;VYYLZ
:HU[VTtW
BIBLIOGRAFIA
(U[}U(El devenir del sindicalismo y la cuestión juvenil, 4HKYPK;HSHZH

)HUJV4\UKPHSPUMVYTL Educación técnica y formación profesional,>HZOPUN[VU+*)HUJV0U[LY
UHJPVUHSKL9LJVUZ[Y\JJP}U`-VTLU[V
)HUJV4\UKPHSPUMVYTLAprendizaje permanente en la economía global del conocimiento)VNV[m
(SMHVTLNH*VSVTIPHUH
)H\TVS>1 ¸-VYTHSLU[YLWYLUL\YZOPW[OLVY`PULJVUVTPJZ!,_PZ[LUJLHUKIV\UKZ¹1V\YUHSVM
I\ZPULZZ]LU[\YPUN
)LJRLY.: Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Edu-
cation. 5L^@VYR!*VS\TIPH<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZMVY5),9UK,K
+^VYRPU9 Taking Rights Seriously,*HTIYPKNL4(!/HY]HYK<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZ
+^VYRPU9Is Democracy Possible Here?: Principles for a New Political Debate7YPUJL[VU">VVKZ
[VJR!7YPUJL[VU<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZ
-PULTHU4(;OL=\SULYHISL:\IQLJ[!(UJOVYPUN,X\HSP[`PU[OL/\THU*VUKP[PVUYale Journal
of Law & Feminism!=VS!0ZZ(Y[PJSL9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!KPNP[HSJVTTVUZSH^`HSLLK\`QSM
]VSPZZ
3}WLa-VN\tZ((ZVJPHSQ\Z[PJLHS[LYUH[P]LMVYMYHTPUNWVZ[JVTW\SZVY`LK\JH[PVU!HO\THUKL]L
SVWTLU[WLYZWLJ[P]LVM=,;PU[PTLZVMLJVUVTPJKVTPUHUJL Journal of Vocational Education & Trai-
ning!
3\JHZKL1 El desafío de las fronteras. Derechos humanos y xenofobia frente a una sociedad
pluraS;LTHZKL/V`:(4HKYPKWWL
4H`VZ:VSZVUH.¸*VNUP[HYPHKVLZWYLJHYPHKV,SJHTIPVLUSHZVJPLKHKKLSJVUVJPTPLU[V[\YIV
NSVIHSPaHKH¹*HTIPVZVJPHS`JVVWLYHJP}ULULSZPNSV??0B=VSD,SYL[VKLSHLX\PKHKKLU[YVKLSVZ
SxTP[LZLJVU}TPJVZ9VTmU)`KL*HZ[YV.JVVYKWW
5}]VH(;OLISPUKULZZVM,\YVWL!UL^MHIYPJH[PVUZPU[OL,\YVWLHU,K\JH[PVUHS:WHJLSisyphus
– Journal of EducationWW
6,*+ Human Capital Investment: An international Comparison6,*+7\ISPZOPUN7HYPZO[[WZ!
KVPVYN LU*VUZ\S[HKVV
6,*+ +L:L*V )HJRNYV\UK WHWLY YLJ\WLYHKV KL O[[W!^^^VLJKVYNLK\JH[PVUZRPSSZIL`VUKZ
JOVVS WKMJVUZ\S[HKVV
9H^SZ1Teoría de la justicia¡LKPJP}U[YHKKL4+.VUamSLa-VUKVKL*\S[\YH,JVU}TPJH4t_PJV

:HIVL 3 9 2HU[VY 1 >HSZO 1 *\S[P]H[PUN LU[YLWYLUL\YZOPW Educational Leadership
¶
:JO\Sa[; *HWP[HS-VYTH[PVUI`,K\JH[PVUJournal of Political Economy!
:LU(Desarrollo y Libertad)HYJLSVUH7SHUL[H
:LU(!La idea de la justicia4HKYPK!;H\Y\Z9LZL|HKVWVY9PmKPNVZ4VZX\LYH*9LZL|HZ,K\
JH[P]HZ9LJ\WLYHKVO[[W!^^^LKYL]PUMVYL]PL^ZYL]ZWKM
:PS]LY)1 Fuerzas de trabajo. Los movimientos obreros y la globalización desde 1870, Madrid,
Akal.
:[HUKPUN.El precariado: una nueva clase social)HYJLSVUH7HZHKV`7YLZLU[L
;HPIV*Colapso. Capitalismo terminal, transición ecológica, ecofascismo4HKYPK3H*H[HYH[H
;VYYLZ:HU[VTt1\YQVEducación en tiempos de neoliberalismo4HKYPK4VYH[H
;VYYLZ:HU[VTt1\YQVPolíticas educativas y construcción de personalidades neoliberales y neoco-
lonialistas4HKYPK4VYH[H
<JIHZHYHU L[ HS 6WWVY[\UP[` 0UKLU[PÄJH[PVU HUK 7\YZ\P[! +VLZ HU ,U[YLWYLUL\Y»Z /\THU *HWP[HS
4H[[LY&Small Business Economics!¶+60Z
>PUJO*OEducation, Work and Social Capital: Towards a new conception of vocational training.
3VUKVU!9V\[SLKNL
@V\UN04 La justicia y la política de la diferencia, 4HKYPK*m[LKYH.
@V\UN04¸9LZWVUZPIPSP[`HUK.SVIHS3HIVY1\Z[PJL¹1V\YUHSVM7VSP[PJHS7OPSVZVWO`!¶
KVP!Q _
@V\UN04Responsabilidad por la justicia,4HKYPK4VYH[H
AHMYH9El entusiasmo. Precariedad y trabajo creativo en la era digital, )HYJLSVUH(RHS
Bernardo Almeida
-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHL
KL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqVKH
O processo de
<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Catarina Brandão
transição para uma
-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHL
KL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqVKH posição de liderança:
<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
sistema de autodefesa
e estratégias
de exploração
Objetivos: L_WSVYHYH ]P]vUJPHKVWYVJLZZVKL[YHU

ZPsqVWHYH\TWVZ[VKLSPKLYHUsH
(\KPvUJPH ;PWV! 0U]LZ[PNHKVYLZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ X\L
PU[LY]LUOHT Q\U[V KL SxKLYLZ LN WZPJ}SVNVZ L [tJUPJVZ
KL 9LJ\YZVZ /\THUVZ PUKP]xK\VZ X\L VJ\WHT \TH
WVZPsqVKLSPKLYHUsH
Resumo
,Z[LLZ[\KVMVJHH]P]vUJPHKVWYVJLZZVKL[YHUZPsqV
WHYH\TWVZ[VKLSPKLYHUsHL_WSVYHUKVHH[P]HsqVKVZPZ
[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHKVZSxKLYLZLHZLZ[YH[tNPHZX\LLZ[LZ
HKV[HT WHYH THU[LY H[P]V V ZL\ JVTWVY[HTLU[V L_WSV
YH[}YPV (KV[V\ZL \T KLZPNU X\HSP[H[P]V YLHSPaHUKVZL
LU[YL]PZ[HZ KL OPZ[}YPH KL ]PKH H JPUJV PUKP]xK\VZ X\L ZL
encontram no processo de transição para uma posição de
SPKLYHUsH6ZKHKVZYL]LSHTZLPZWYPUJPWHPZZP[\HsLZH[P
]HKVYHZKVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHKVZSxKLYLZ!L_WLJ[H[P
]HZKLÄUPKHZ"PUJLY[LaH"WVZZPIPSPKHKLKLLYYHY"PTWSLTLU
[HsqVKLT\KHUsHZ"UqVLU]VS]PTLU[VKVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZ"
L JVUÅP[VZ 6Z SxKLYLZ HKVW[HT HZ ZLN\PU[LZ LZ[YH[tNPHZ
WHYH THU[LY H[P]V V ZL\ JVTWVY[HTLU[V L_WSVYH[}YPV!
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ"YLSH_HTLU[V"H\[VYYL
ÅL_qV"LZ[HYWY}_PTVKVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZ"LZ\WVY[LZVJPHS
6LZ[\KVZ\ISPUOHHPTWVY[oUJPHKHHUmSPZLKHZKPUoTPJHZ
L_WSVYH[}YPHZLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[HPZKVZSxKLYLZLKVZZL\Z
JVU[L_[VZJVT]PZ[HHWV[LUJPHYHX\HSPKHKLKHSPKLYHUsH
UHZ VYNHUPaHsLZ 0TWVY[H ]HSVYPaHY UHZ VYNHUPaHsLZ
LZWHsVZ VUKL [VKVZ ZL WVZZHT YLHSPaHY KL \T TVKV
JVLYLU[L L KPNUV UVTLHKHTLU[L H[YH]tZ KH MVYTHsqV
LUX\HU[V HSPJLYJL LZZLUJPHS WHYH V KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V L H
JVUZVSPKHsqVKLHWYLUKPaHNLUZLZZLUJPHPZWHYHH]PKHL
WHYHHZVYNHUPaHsLZ,Z[L[YHIHSOVWYVJ\YHH]HUsHYJVT
JVU[YPI\[VZHLZZLUx]LS
Introdução
:qVTS[PWSVZVZKLZHÄVZX\L\TSxKLYLUMYLU[HILTJVTVZqVPUTLYVZVZLZ[\KVZX\LZLKLIY\sHT
ZVIYLLZZLZLN.HP[LY".VYKVU @\RS"0SPLZ5HOYNHUN 4VYNLZVU"=PUJL
,U[YLVZKLZHÄVZX\LVZSxKLYLZZLKLWHYHTYLZZHS[HZLVTVKVJVTVLZ[LZSPKHTJVTVTLKVUHZ\H
TPZZqV:LUKVLZJHZZVZVZLZ[\KVZX\LZLKLIY\sHTZVIYLLZ[L[LTH)HYRV\SP")YHUKqV/LUYP
X\L 4PN\LaWYL[LUKLZLJVTLZ[L[YHIHSOVJVSTH[HYLZZHMHSOH(ZZPTX\LZP[\HsLZH[P]HTV
ZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHKVZSxKLYLZ&8\LLZ[YH[tNPHZVZSxKLYLZHKV[HTWHYHTHU[LYH[P]VVZL\JVTWVY[H
TLU[VL_WSVYH[}YPV&/LHYK 3HRL "4J*S\ZRL`(YLZWVZ[HHLZ[HZX\LZ[LZWVKLYmMHJPSP[HY
HJVTWYLLUZqVLVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKL\TTVKVPU[LNYHKVLJVLYLU[LKVZWYVJLZZVZKLSPKLYHUsHUHZ
VYNHUPaHsLZ,Z[LLZ[\KV]HSVYPaHHZPU[LYYLSHsLZLHZLTVsLZUHZVYNHUPaHsLZHWHY[PYKHWY}WYPH
L_WLYPvUJPHYLSH[HKHWLSVZSxKLYLZ
Teorias de liderança
7LYZPZ[LTPUTLYVZLKPZ[PU[VZTVKVZKLLU[LUKLYHSPKLYHUsH:LN\UKV5VY[OV\ZLL_PZ[LT
WLSVTLUVZKPMLYLU[LZJSHZZPÄJHsLZWHYHKLÄUPYHSPKLYHUsHZLUKVX\LKLHJVYKVJVTHSN\UZH\[V
YLZHSPKLYHUsHUHZVYNHUPaHsLZtHPUKHTHYJHKHWLSVZJVUJLP[VZKHPKHKLPUK\Z[YPHSJVTVVZ]HSVYLZ
[YHKPJPVUHPZHI\YVJYHJPHVHSPUOHTLU[VLVJVU[YVSV/HUUHOL[HS*LY[VtX\LUVZS[PTVZHUVZH
SPKLYHUsHMVPJVTWYLLUKPKHZLN\UKV\TJVUQ\U[VWYPUJPWHSKL[LVYPHZLU[YLHZX\HPZZLKLZ[HJHTX\H[YV
X\LZLKPZ[PUN\LTZVIYL[\KVWLSVYLZWL[P]VMVJVKLHIVYKHNLT!HZ[LVYPHZKVZ[YHsVZX\LYLZZHS[HTHZ
X\HSPKHKLZWLZZVHPZKVSxKLYJYLUKVVZJVTVKVUZPUH[VZHZ[LVYPHZKVZLZ[PSVZX\LWYVJ\YHTKLZJVY
[PUHYVTVKVJVTVVIVTSxKLYKL]LWYVJLKLYHZ[LVYPHZZP[\HJPVUHPZJLU[YHKHZUVJVTWVY[HTLU[VLT
JVU[L_[VLHZ[LVYPHZKHJOHTHKHUV]HSPKLYHUsHX\LYLULHZHIVYKHNLUZTHPZYLJLU[LZPUJVYWVYHUKV
KP]LYZVZTVKLSVZ@\RS ,TWV\JHZWHSH]YHZtL]PKLU[LHPTWVY[oUJPHKHZYLSHsLZUVWYVJLZZV
KL SPKLYHUsH L LU[YL LZZHZ H YLSHsqV LU[YL SxKLY L Z\IVYKPUHKV 5LZ[L ZLU[PKV H [LVYPH KH ]PUJ\SHsqV
NHUOHWHY[PJ\SHYPTWVY[oUJPHHVJVU[YPI\PYWHYHHJVTWYLLUZqVLWYVTVsqVKVZWYVJLZZVZKLSPKLYHUsH
Teoria da vinculação e TABEIS
*HKH \T KL U}Z UHZJL\ JVT H ULJLZZPKHKL KL WYV[LsqV WYVJ\YHUKV X\LT UVZ HZZPZ[H L LZWL
YHUKV LUJVU[YHY HSN\tT X\L J\PKL KL U}Z WHYH KLWVPZ WVKLYTVZ JVT H\[VUVTPH HWYLUKLY JYLZJLY
HNPYLHQ\KHYVZV\[YVZULZZLTLZTVWYVJLZZVX\LPTWSPJH\TJYLZJLUKVKLPKLU[PKHKLWLZZVHSLKL
KPMLYLUJPHsqV,YPJRZVU 6YHtPZ[VX\LH Theory of Attachment Based Exploratory Interest Sharing
;(),0:¶4J*S\ZRL`KLZLU]VS]LPU[LNYHUKVZL[LWYPUJPWHPZZPZ[LTHZ!JHYLZLLRPUNJHYLNP]PUNWHY
[PSOHKLPU[LYLZZLZHML[VLZL_\HSPKHKLH\[VKLMLZHHTIPLU[LPU[LYUVLL_[LYUVKLZ\WVY[LUqVZ\WVY[L
)YHUKqV4PN\La 4J*S\ZRL`
*VTLMLP[VZLUKVH[P]HKVVZPZ[LTHL_WSVYH[}YPVLZ[HTVZLTJVUKPsLZWYVWxJPHZWHYHYLHSPaHYUV]HZ
HWYLUKPaHNLUZ L]VS\PY JVTV O\THUVZ L HV TLZTV [LTWV L_WHUKPY H UVZZH QHULSH KL [VSLYoUJPH (
QHULSHKL[VSLYoUJPHYLMLYLZLnmYLHKLH[P]HsqVLTVJPVUHSX\LMH]VYLJLVILTLZ[HYLVM\UJPVUHTLU[V
L_WSVYH[}YPV[LUKVJVTVMYVU[LPYHZHOPWVH[P]HsqVLHOPWLYH[P]HsqV(VL_WHUKPYZLLZZHmYLHH[YH]tZKH
TVK\SHsqVKHLULYNPHLKHPUMVYTHsqVKL\TTVKVPU[LNYHKVJYPHTZLJVUKPsLZMH]VYm]LPZWHYHVKLZ
LU]VS]PTLU[VWLZZVHSVYNHUPaHJPVUHSLZVJPHS:PLNLS 5VLU[HU[VX\HUKVVZPZ[LTHKLJHYLZLLRPUN
tH[P]HKVLUqVLUJVU[YH*.LÄJHaULTVZV\[YVZZPZ[LTHZH[PUNLTVZZL\ZVIQL[P]VZtH[P]HKVVZPZ[LTH
KL H\[VKLMLZH /LHYK 3HRL 4J*S\ZRL` ,Z[L ZPZ[LTH KL[LYTPUH H YLHsqV HV WLYPNV H[YH]tZ
KL JVTWVY[HTLU[VZ KLMLUZP]VZ UVYTHSTLU[L KL \T TVKV PUJVUZJPLU[L L L_WYLZZVZ ÄZPVSVNPJHTLU[L
WVKLUKVHZZ\TPY[YvZWYPUJPWHPZMVYTHZ!ÄNO[S\[HYfreezePTVIPSPaHYZLÅPNO[L]P[HYV\M\NPY4J*S\Z
RL`7VYJVUZLN\PU[LLZ[HTVZKPHU[LKL\TWYVJLZZVKPUoTPJVLTX\LVZZPZ[LTHZVWLYHTLT
JVUQ\U[VKL\THMVYTHPUZ[PU[P]H*VUJS\PUKVH;(),0:JVSVJHHYLSHsqVKLKHYLKLYLJLILYHWVPVUV
JLU[YVKHKPUoTPJHKHL_WSVYHsqV;HU[VHZZPTtX\LH[YH]tZKL\THQ\Z[HTLU[VLTWm[PJVVYPLU[HKVWVY
VIQL[P]VZ.VHSJVYYLJ[LKLTWH[OPJH[[\ULTLU[VUVZZVZPZ[LTHUL\YVS}NPJVLU]VS]PKVUHHWYLUKPaHNLT
KHZLTVsLZWVKLL]VS\PYUHZ\HWSHZ[PJPKHKLL_WHUKPUKVHQHULSHKL[VSLYoUJPHLJYPHUKVILTLZ[HYL
JHWHJPKHKLKLHKHW[HsqV/LHYKL[HS
Vinculação e liderança
5VZS[PTVZHUVZH[LVYPHKH]PUJ\SHsqV[LT]PUKVHZLYHZZVJPHKHnYLSHsqVZ\WLY]PZVYZ\IVYKPUHKV
7VWWLY 4H`ZLSLZZ(YN\TLU[HZLX\L\TKL[LYTPUHKV[PWVKL]PUJ\SHsqVLZ[mHZZVJPHKVH\T
KL[LYTPUHKV[PWVKLSPKLYHUsHLKLJ\PKHKVZHKV[HKVZUHYLSHsqVJVTVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZ6YHPUKP]xK\VZ
JVT\TLZ[PSVKL]PUJ\SHsqVTHPZZLN\YV[LUKLTHZLYTHPZJVUÄHU[LZLWVZP[P]VZUHZZ\HZPU[LYHsLZ
)YHUKqV:LN\UKV7VWWLYL4H`ZLSLZZHZOHIPSPKHKLZZVJPHPZLZ[qVKPYL[HTLU[LHZZVJPH
KHZHVWHKYqVKL]PUJ\SHsqVZLN\YHHZX\HPZUH[\YHSTLU[LWVKLTWV[LUJPHYVKLZLTWLUOVLVKLZ
LU]VS]PTLU[VWZPJVS}NPJVKVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZ7VY[HU[VVZSxKLYLZJVTLZ[PSVZKL]PUJ\SHsqVTHPZZLN\YVZ
[LUKLTHLZ[HYTHPZX\HSPÄJHKVZKVX\LVZKLLZ[PSVKL]PUJ\SHsqVPUZLN\YVZWYV]H]LSTLU[LKL]PKVnZ
Z\HZTLSOVYLZJVTWL[vUJPHZYLSHJPVUHPZ)YHUKqVL[HS
+L MHJ[V \TH KHZ [HYLMHZ THPZ KLJPZP]HZ UH VYNHUPaHsqV t H JVUZ[Y\sqV KL YLSHsLZ KL [YHIHSOV
LML[P]HZLU[YLZ\WLY]PZVYLZ\IVYKPUHKVVX\LLU]VS]L]HSVYPaHYJHKHWLZZVHILTJVTVLX\PSPIYHYUx]LPZ
KLPUÅ\vUJPHL[YHIHSOHYLTJVUQ\U[VVIQL[P]VZWYPVYPKHKLZLL_WL[H[P]HZ;HU[VHZZPTtX\LVZSxKLYLZ
X\LHZZ\TLT\THH[P[\KL[YHUZMVYTHKVYHHML[HTVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZLT[YvZWYPUJPWHPZmYLHZ!PUZ[Y\TLU[HS
HVUx]LSKHJVTWL[vUJPHPU[LYWLZZVHSUVX\LJVUJLYULnZLN\YHUsHLJVUÄHUsHLÄUHSTLU[LTVYHSUH
TLKPKHLTX\LWLYTP[LTHHX\PZPsqVKL]HSVYLZ\UP]LYZHPZLWYVZVJPHPZ7VWWLY 4H`ZLSLZZ,T
ZxU[LZL\TH]PZqVL_WSxJP[HLPTWSxJP[HWHY[PSOHKHUVPU[LYPVYKHVYNHUPaHsqVWV[LUJPHVZxUKPJLZKLX\HSP
KHKLYLSHJPVUHSKLILTLZ[HYLKLWYVK\[P]PKHKL?PU 7LSSLK
O sistema de autodefesa em processos de liderança
5VZS[PTVZHUVZJYLZJL\VYLJVUOLJPTLU[VKHPTWVY[oUJPHKHZLTVsLZUHZVYNHUPaHsLZ(ZOMVY[O
/\TWOYL` THZZqVWV\JVZVZLZ[\KVZX\LPUJPKLTZVIYLVTLKV)HYRV\SPUVTLHKH
TLU[LHX\LSLX\LtL_WLYPLUJPHKVTHPZV\TLUVZJVUZJPLU[LTLU[LWVYPUKP]xK\VZX\LZLLU]VS]LTLT
WYVJLZZVZKLSPKLYHUsH5VX\LJVUJLYULnH[P]HsqVKVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHKVSxKLY\THKHZX\LZ[LZ
JLU[YHPZ[LTH]LYJVTVTVKVJVTVJHKHSxKLYNLYLHZZ\HZLTVsLZ/\TWOYL`7VSSHJR /H^]LY
6\[YHPTWVY[HU[LX\LZ[qV[LTH]LYJVTVJVU[YHZ[LLU[YLHZL_WL[H[P]HZWLZZVHPZKVSxKLYLHZ
L_WL[H[P]HZZVJPHPZHJLYJHKHSPKLYHUsH5VM\UKVLZ[HTVZHMHSHYKHPKLU[PKHKLKVSxKLYLKHZ\HJVUZ
[Y\sqV5\T[LTWVTHYJHKVWLSHPUZ[HIPSPKHKLLJVU}TPJHWVSx[PJHZVJPHSSHIVYHSLWLSHJVU[xU\HHKHW
[HsqVLPUV]HsqVV\[YHX\LZ[qVM\UKHTLU[HSUHH[P]HsqVKVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHtVJVU[L_[V/HUUHO
<OS)PLU(]VSPV *H]HYYL[[H,ML[P]HTLU[LWVY\TSHKVZqVPUTLYHZHZWV[LUJPHPZZP[\HsLZ
NLYHKVYHZKLTLKVUVL_LYJxJPVKHSPKLYHUsHLWVYV\[YVUVJVU[L_[VKHZVYNHUPaHsLZHZZP[\HsLZKL
PUJLY[LaHZqVTHPZKPMxJLPZKLJVU[YVSHYKVX\LHX\LSHZKVWSHUVWLZZVHS6L_LYJxJPVKHSPKLYHUsHJVT
WVY[HYPZJVZPU[YxUZLJVZJVTVHZMHZLZKLT\KHUsHVZWVU[VZKL]PZ[HKPZ[PU[VZVZKPMLYLU[LZPU[LYLZZLZ
LHZWYVIHIPSPKHKLZKLLYYHY
+LMHJ[VLZ[\KVZYLWVY[HTX\LVZSxKLYLZKLZ[HJHT[LYTLKVKL!MHSOHYT\KHYV\UqVZLYQ\SNHKV
V\JYP[PJHKVZLYWYLQ\KPJHKVUqVJVYYLZWVUKLYnZL_WL[H[P]HZLWLYKLYHJHYYLPYH6ZSxKLYLZYLMLYLTHPUKH
X\LVZWYPUJPWHPZZLU[PTLU[VZULNH[P]VZYLZ\S[HTKVPZVSHTLU[VKHMYHJHHÄYTHsqVKVYLK\aPKVJVU[YVSV
LX\LT\P[HZ]LaLZ[\KVPZZVZLPU[LYSHsHU\TTPZ[VKLKLZLQVTLKVKLZPS\ZqVYHP]HHUZPLKHKL(JYLZJL
HPUKH ZHSPLU[HY X\L T\P[VZ SxKLYLZ UqV YL]LSHT VZ TLKVZ WVY JYLYLT ZLY ZPUHS KL MYHX\LaH 6»*VUUVY
(ZZPTZLSL]HU[H\THX\LZ[qVX\L[LTH]LYJVTVTVKVJVTVVZSxKLYLZJVU]P]LTJVTHZL_WL
YPvUJPHZYLSHJPVUHKHZJVTVTLKV6X\LUVZSL]HHV\[YV[PWVKLX\LZ[LZ
Método
9LHSPaV\ZL\TLZ[\KVX\HSP[H[P]VL_WSVYH[}YPVX\HSP[H[P]V:HUKLSV^ZRP([YH]tZKL\THHUmSPZL
PUK\[P]HWYVJ\YHZLMHaLYÅVYLZJLYZPNUPÄJHKVZYLWYLZLU[HsLZLLTVsLZM\UKHTLU[HPZUVZWHY[PJPWHU
[LZ([LUKLZLHK\HZWYPUJPWHPZX\LZ[LZKLPU]LZ[PNHsqV80!808\LZP[\HsLZH[P]HTVZPZ[LTHKL
H\[VKLMLZH KVZ SxKLYLZ&" 80 8\L LZ[YH[tNPHZ VZ SxKLYLZ HKV[HT WHYH THU[LY H[P]V V JVTWVY[HTLU[V
L_WSVYH[}YPV&
Participantes
6ZWHY[PJPWHU[LZZqVJPUJVPUKP]xK\VZLTWVZPsqV[YHUZPsqVWHYH\THWVZPsqVKLSPKLYHUsHOmTLUVZ
KL\THUV]LY;HILSH6JYP[tYPVKL\THUVWYVJ\YHWVY\TSHKVJHW[HYTLT}YPHZLHZLTVsLZHPUKH
]P]HZLWVYV\[YVMVJHYVLZ[\KVUVZKLZHÄVZX\L\THUV]HTPZZqVKLSPKLYHUsHKL[LYTPUHUVJVU[L_[V
KHZVYNHUPaHsLZWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LUVX\LJVUJLYULnH[P]HsqVKVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHLnZLZ[YH[tNPHZ
HLSLHZZVJPHKHZ)YHUKqV 3VWLZ
6\ZLQHL_WSPJP[HT

Tabela 1.*HYHJ[LYPaHsqVKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ
P1 P2 P3 P4 3
Idade
Habilitações ¢HUV 3PJLUJPHKV 4LZ[YHKV 3PJLUJPHKV ¢HUV
Função (KQ.LYLU[L .LYLU[L .LYLU[L (KQ.LYLU[L .LYLU[L
Antiguid.
TLZLZ TLZLZ TLZLZ TLZLZ TLZLZ
Função
N. de

liderados
Género dos T\SOLYLZ T\SOLYLZ T\SOLYLZ T\SOLYLZ T\SOLYLZ

liderados OVTLUZ OVTLUZ OVTLUZ OVTLUZ OVTLUZ
Nota: =HYPm]LSº.tULYVSPKLYHKVZ»YLMLYLZLHVNtULYVKVZX\LPU[LNYHTHLX\PWHKVWHY[PJPWHU[L
Técnicas de recolha de dados
6W[HTVZ WLSH [tJUPJH KL OPZ[}YPH KL ]PKH LSHIVYHUKV LU[YL]PZ[HZ KL OPZ[}YPH KL ]PKH ,Z[H [tJUPJH
WLYTP[L \TH HWYV_PTHsqV n HTWSP[\KL KV MLU}TLUV LT LZ[\KV L VMLYLJL \T JVUQ\U[V PTWVY[HU[L KL
ILULMxJPVZ,K]HYKZZVU KLZ[HJHUKVZLZVIYL[\KVWLSHX\HSPKHKLKHYLSHsqVLU[YLPU]LZ[PNHKVYL
VIZLY]HKVX\LZLWYL[LUKLHSJHUsHY:PS]HL[HSJVTVTLPVWYP]PSLNPHKVWHYHKL]VS]LYHVPUKP]xK\V
HWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLYLJVUZ[Y\PYHZ\HOPZ[}YPHKL]PKH
Procedimento
9LHSPaV\ZL\THWYPTLPYHLU[YL]PZ[HTHPZLZ[Y\[\YHKHL[YHUZJYP[HWHYHX\LWVZ[LYPVYTLU[LZLY]PZZL
KLIHZLKLHUmSPZLWHYH\TZLN\UKVLUJVU[YVJVTVWHY[PJPWHU[L(ZLU[YL]PZ[HZMVYHTNYH]HKHZJVTH
KL]PKHH\[VYPaHsqVKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ7YVJ\YV\ZLX\LHWHY[PSOHKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZMVZZLHTHPZH\[vU[PJH
LKL[HSOHKHWVZZx]LSLWHYHPZZVVWHWLSKVLU[YL]PZ[HKVYMVPVKLMHJPSP[HYVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZHL_WYLZZHY
VZL\WLUZHTLU[VKPZJ\YZVLTVsqVLHsqV6JVU[L_[VLHKPUoTPJHKHZLU[YL]PZ[HZMVYHTLZWHsVZ
KLPU]LZ[PNHsqVUHTLKPKHLTX\LWVKLT[YHK\aPYV\UqVTHPZV\TLUVZVWYVJLZZVKLH[P]HsqVKV
ZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHLHZZPTMHJPSP[HYHJVTWYLLUZqVKVTLZTV
Técnicas de análise de informação
6ZKHKVZMVYHTHUHSPZHKVZJVTYLJ\YZVnHUmSPZLKVKPZJ\YZV)HYKPULVHWVPVKV5=P]V
8:9ZVM[^HYLKLZ\WVY[LHVZTt[VKVZX\HSP[H[P]VZ)YHUKqV 4PN\La(W}ZH[YHUZJYPsqVKV
TH[LYPHSWYVJLKL\ZLnSLP[\YHÅ\[\HU[LKVZKHKVZLLTZLN\PKHnSLP[\YHTHPZHWYVM\UKHKHKVZKHKVZ
X\LWLYTP[P\KLÄUPYVZPZ[LTHKLJH[LNVYPHZLJVKPÄJHYVTH[LYPHS)YHUKqV([YPI\PZL\TUVTLL
\THKLÄUPsqVVWLYHJPVUHSHJHKH\THKHZJH[LNVYPHZLYLZWL[P]HZZ\IJH[LNVYPHZ
As questões da qualidade
5VZLN\PTLU[VKVHU\UJPHKVHU[LYPVYTLU[L\THKPTLUZqVPTWVY[HU[LKVLZ[\KV[LTH]LYJVTHZ
LZ[YH[tNPHZHHKV[HYWHYHHZZLN\YHYHX\HSPKHKLKHZZ\HZPUMLYvUJPHZV\ZLQHH[LZ[HYH[tX\LWVU[VKL[LY
TPUHKHL_WSPJHsqVtZ\Z[LU[m]LSLPTWVY[HX\LZLQHJVUZPKLYHKH3PUJVSU .\IH 5LZZLZLU[PKV
H[LUKL\ZL H KVPZ NYHUKLZ JYP[tYPVZ! HX\LSLZ X\L JVUJLYULT n JVUÄHIPSPKHKL" HX\LSLZ X\L KPaLT
YLZWLP[VnH\[LU[PJPKHKL
Resultados
,TX\LZP[\HsLZZLH[P]HVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZHKVZSxKLYLZ&
-VPWVZZx]LSPKLU[PÄJHYZLPZWYPUJPWHPZ[PWVZKLZP[\HsLZX\LWHYLJLTH[P]HYVZPZ[LTHKLH\[VKLMLZH
KVZSxKLYLZ]LY-PN\YH!HZL_WL[H[P]HZKLÄUPKHZWVYZPV\WVYV\[YVZ"HPUJLY[LaHKLZJVUOLJPTLU[VKV
X\LPYmHJVU[LJLYV\ZLYMLP[V"HWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLLYYHY"HPTWSLTLU[HsqVKLT\KHUsHZ"VUqVLU]VS]P
TLU[VKVZZ\IVYKPUHKVZ"LVZJVUÅP[VZUV[YHIHSOV
Figura 1::P[\HsLZX\LH[P]HTVZPZ[LTHKLTLKVKVZSxKLYLZJVKPÄJHKVWVYWHY[PJPWHU[L
8\LLZ[YH[tNPHZVZSxKLYLZHKV[HTWHYHTHU[LYH[P]VVJVTWVY[HTLU[VL_WSVYH[}YPV&
5V X\L JVUJLYUL nZ LZ[YH[tNPHZ WHYH THU[LY H[P]V V JVTWVY[HTLU[V L_WSVYH[}YPV KLZ[HJHTZL HZ
ZLN\PU[LZ!KLZLU]VS]LYJVTWL[vUJPHZ"H[P]PKHKLZKLYLSH_HTLU[V"H\[VYYLÅL_qV"LZ[HYWY}_PTVKVZJVSH
IVYHKVYLZ"Z\WVY[LKLMHTPSPHYLZHTPNVZLWHYLZ]LY-PN\YH
Figura 2:,Z[YH[tNPHZHKV[HKHZWLSVZSxKLYLZJVKPÄJHKHZWVYWHY[PJPWHU[L
Implicações para a formação e desenvolvimento de líderes
6ZKHKVZZ\NLYLTX\LVZSxKLYLZWVKLYqVILULÄJPHYKLHWVPVZUVZLU[PKVKL\THTLSOVY]HSVYPaHsqV
KVZZL\ZLZ[HKVZLTVJPVUHPZPUJS\PUKVVTLKVLTVYKLTHH\TLU[HYHmYLHKLJVTWL[vUJPHLHZZPT
WV[LUJPHYVZL\KLZLTWLUOVUHTLKPKHLTX\LTHU[tTVJVTWVY[HTLU[VL_WSVYH[}YPVH[P]V,ZZLHWVPV
WVKLYmZ\YNPYWVYL_LTWSVUHMVYTHKLWYVNYHTHZKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VWHYHSxKLYLZHSPJLYsHKVZUVJ\P
KHKVWLZZVHSH\[vU[PJVWHYHJ\PKHYKVWY}_PTV(ZZPTZLUKVLZ[HTVZLTJYLYX\LZL]HSVYPaHVX\LOm
KLTHPZPTWVY[HU[LU\THVYNHUPaHsqV!HZWLZZVHZ,WVYX\LHZWLZZVHZZLYLHSPaHTLZLKLZLU]VS]LT
HWHY[PYKLPU[LYYLSHsLZWHYLJLPTWVY[HU[LX\LHZVYNHUPaHsLZKLZLU]VS]HTWYVNYHTHZKLKLZLU]VS]P
TLU[VX\LPU[LNYLTJVTWVULU[LZPUKP]PK\HPZLJVSLJ[P]HZ0ZZVWHYLJLZLYYLSL]HU[LWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LQ\U[V
KVZSxKLYLZX\LZLLUJVU[YHTLTWYVJLZZVKL[YHUZPsqVWHYH\TUV]VS\NHYKLJOLÄHKHKVZVZKLZHÄVZ
X\L LZ[LZ LUMYLU[HT ,ZZLZ WYVNYHTHZ KL]LYqV ZLY Z\Z[LU[HKVZ UH JVUZJPvUJPH L UV KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V
PU[LNYHKVWLZZVHSLPU[LYWLZZVHSJVTVNHYHU[LKLZ\JLZZVO\THUVLWVYPZZV[HTItTVYNHUPaHJPVUHS
+LMHJ[VLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHsqVL]PKLUJPHVX\HU[VLZZLUJPHStHHUmSPZLLH]HSVYPaHsqVKHZKPUoTPJHZL_WSV
YH[}YPHZLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[HPZKVZSxKLYLZLKVZZL\ZJVU[L_[VZUVZLU[PKVKVWY}WYPVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH
SPKLYHUsHUHZVYNHUPaHsLZ(ZZPTZLUKV\YNLWV[LUJPHYUHZVYNHUPaHsLZJVUKPsLZLHTIPLU[LZVUKL
JHKH\TL[VKVZWVZZHTJVLYLU[LLKPNUHTLU[LJVUZVSPKHYHWYLUKPaHNLUZM\UKHTLU[HPZWHYHH]PKHL
WHYHHZVYNHUPaHsLZ,Z[HTVZLTJYLYX\LHMVYTHsqV[LYmZLTWYL\TS\NHYU\JSLHYZVIYL[\KVZLMVY
MVJHKHUHZLTVsLZLUVZWYVJLZZVZPU[LYUVZLL_[LYUVZ[xWPJVZKHZPU[LYYLSHsLZLTVYKLTHVKLZLU
]VS]PTLU[VPU[LNYHSKVZPZ[LTHVYNHUPaHJPVUHSIHZLHKVUVZL\JHWP[HSTHPVYHZWLZZVHZ
9LMLYvUJPHZ
(ZOMVY[O ) /\TWOYL` 9 ,TV[PVU PU [OL ^VYRWSHJL! ( YLHWWYHPZHS Human Relations, 48

)HYKPU3Análise de conteúdo3PZIVH!,KPsLZ
)HYRV\SP(Organizational leaders’ experience with fear-related emotions: A critical incident study.
(U[PVJO!(U[PVJO<UP]LYZP[`
)YHUKqV * O desempenho individual de dirigentes de topo da Administração Pública Portu-
guesa: Um contributo para o desenvolvimento de uma taxionomia comportamental e motivacional.
7VY[V!<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
)YHUKqV*;OLNVVKWHYLU[TL[HWOVY!*VU[YPI\[PVUZ[V\UKLYZ[HUKSLHKLYZOPWWYVJLZZLZ0U:
0SPL]H494HYRV]PJ @@HUR\SV]H,KZBook of Papers of the 0U[LYUH[PVUHSZJPLU[PÄJJVUMLYLUJL
“Leadership and organization development”WW2P[[LU)\SNHYPH
)YHUKqV* 3VWLZ+*VUJPSPHUKVHSPKLYHUsHLHTH[LYUPKHKL!<TLZ[\KVJVTYLJ\YZVHOPZ[}
YPHZKL]PKHRevista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saúde, 6KVP! YWKZ
]P
)YHUKqV* 4PN\La1<ZPUN5=P]V[VL]HS\H[LHWYVNYHTVM.VHS*VYYLJ[LK,TWOH[PJ([[\
ULTLU[:RPSSZ!(JHZLZ[\K`PU[OLJVU[L_[VMOPNOLYLK\JH[PVUAdvances in Intelligent Systems and
Computing, 354KVP! F
)YHUKqV*/LUYPX\L* 4PN\La1)\PSKPUNHYLSH[PVUZOPW^P[O[OLZ\WLY]PZVY!(UL_WSVYH
[VY`Z[\K`0UÍ9VJOH(*VYYLPH/(KLSP39LPZ 44LUKVUsH;LP_LPYH,KZNew advances
in information systems and technologies. Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp.
:WYPUNLY*OHT
)YHUKqV*4PN\La1 4J*S\ZRL`<;OLKÙHTPJZVMMLHYPU[OL^VYRWSHJL!;OLJVU[YPI\[PVU
VMH[[HJOTLU[[OLVY`[VSLHKLYZOPW[YHPUPUNHUKILOH]PVYRevista E-Psi6
,K]HYKZZVU) :LY]PJLIYLHRKVÛZ!(Z[\K`VMJYP[PJHSPUJPKLU[ZPUHUHPYSPULInternational Journal
of Service Industry Management, 3 KVP!
,YPJRZVU- Qualitative methods in research on teaching4PJOPNHU!4PJOPNHU<UP]LYZP[`
.HP[LY+1-HJL[ZVMSLHKLYZOPWNeurodiagnostic Journal53
.VYKVU( @\RS.;OLM\[\YLVMSLHKLYZOPWYLZLHYJO!*OHSSLUNLZHUKVWWVY[\UP[PLZGerman
Journal of Human Resource Research, 18
.\IH,. 3PUJVSU@: *VTWL[PUNWHYHKPNTZPUX\HSP[H[P]LYLZLHYJO0U52+LUaPU @:
3PUJVSU,KZHandbook of Qualitative ResearchWW;OV\ZHUK6HRZ*(!:HNL
/HUUHO:;<OS)PLU4(]VSPV)1 *H]HYYL[[H-3 (MYHTL^VYRMVYL_HTPUPUNSLHKLYZOPW
PUL_[YLTLJVU[L_[ZThe Leadership Quarterly, 20
/LHYK+/ 3HRL) ;OLH[[HJOTLU[KÙHTPJPUHK\S[SPML British Journal of Psychiatry 149

/LHYK+ 3HRL) The challenge of attachment for caregiving3VUKVU!2HYUHJ)VVRZ
/LHYK+3HRL) 4J*S\ZRL`<Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults: Theory and
practice post Bowlby 9L]PZLK,KP[PVU3VUKVU!2HYUHJ)VVRZ
/\TWOYL`9/7VSSHJR14 /H^]LY;/3LHKPUN^P[OLTV[PVUHSSHIVYJournal of Managerial
Psychology, 23,
0SPLZ95HOYNHUN1+ 4VYNLZVU-73LHKLYTLTILYL_JOHUNLHUKJP[PaLUZOPWILOH]PVYZ!(
TL[HHUHS`ZPZJournal of Applied Psychology 92(1)
4J*S\ZRL`<To be met as a person: The dynamics of attachment in professional encounters.
3VUKVU!2HYUHJ
4J*S\ZRL`<;OL[OLYHWPZ[HZHMLHYMYLLJHYLNP]LY!:\WWVY[PUNJOHUNLPU[OLKÙHTPJVYNHUPZH
[PVUVM[OLZLSMAssociation for University & College Counselling JournalMay
5VY[OV\ZL7.Leadership: Theory and practice3VUKVU!:HNL7\ISPJH[PVUZ
6»*VUUVY,3LHKLYZOPWHUKLTV[PVUZ!(UL_WSVYH[VY`Z[\K`PU[V[OLLTV[PVUHSKPTLUZPVUVM[OL
YVSLVM[OLWVZ[WYPTHY`ZJOVVSWYPUJPWHSPU0YLSHUK9LÅLJ[P]L7YHJ[PJL!0U[LYUH[PVUHSHUK4\S[PKPZJPWSP-
nary Perspectives, 7
7VWWLY4 4H`ZLSLZZ6)HJR[VIHZPJZ!(WWS`PUNHWHYLU[PUNWLYZWLJ[P]L[V[YHUZMVYTH[PVUHS
SLHKLYZOPWThe Leadership Quarterly, 14
:HUKLSV^ZRP 4 9LHS X\HSP[H[P]L YLZLHYJOLYZ KV UV[ JV\U[! ;OL \ZL VM U\TILYZ PU X\HSP[H[P]L
YLZLHYJOResearch in Nursing & Health, 24
:PLNLS+1 The Developing Mind: Towards a neurobiology of interpersonal experience5L^@VYR!
;OL.\PSMVYK7YLZZ
:PS]H()HYYVZ*5VN\LPYH4 )HYYVZ=*VU[LTLHZ\HOPZ[}YPH!9LÅL_LZZVIYLVTt[VKV
KLOPZ[}YPHKL]PKHEstudos de Psicologia, 1
=PUJL9(J[PVUSLHYUPUNHUKVYNHUPaH[PVUHSSLHYUPUN!7V^LYWVSP[PJZHUKLTV[PVUPUVYNHUPaH[PVUZ
Action Learning: Research and Practice, 1KVP!
?PU29 7LSSLK3/:\WLY]PZVYZ\IVYKPUH[LJVUÅPJ[HUKWLYJLW[PVUZVMSLHKLYZOPWILOH]PVY!(
ÄLSKZ[\K`The Leadership Quarterly, 14
@\RS. Leadership in Organizations,UNSL^VVK*SPќZ51!7YLU[PJL/HSS

Frederico Azevedo Alvim Assis
-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPH
LKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqV
Modelos de Intervenção
KH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Catarina do Vale Brandão
psicológica aplicada às
LKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqV JHYYLPYHZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ
Victor Cláudio Paradela online: uma revisão
-HJ\SKHKLKL(KTPUPZ[YHsqV
L*PvUJPHZ*VU[mILPZ
KH<UP]LYZPKHKL
IPISPVNYmÄJH
-LKLYHSKL1\PaKL-VYH
Joaquim Luís Coimbra
Resumo
([YH]tZ KL PU[LY]LUsLZ V WZPJ}SVNV VYNHUPaHJPVUHS

tJHWHaKLH\_PSPHYT\KHUsHZHVZJVU[L_[VZKL[YHIHSOV
WHYHX\LV[YHIHSOHKVYHSJHUJLVX\LKLZLQHWHYHZPL
H[\HY JVTV \T LZWLJPHSPZ[H WVY KVTPUHY [tJUPJHZ WLYx
JPHZLTt[VKVZWY}WYPVZKLZ\HMVYTHsqVLJVSHIVYHKVY
HVWYVTV]LYHJHWHJPKHKLKLZLH]HSPHYL_WLYPvUJPHZL
despertar o senso de autonomia). Este estudo propõe
ZLHPKLU[PÄJHYTVKLSVZHWSPJHKVZWHYHÄUZKLVYPLU[HsqV
KL JHYYLPYHZ L WHYH H\_PSPHY [VTHKHZ KL KLJPZLZ ZVIYL
NLZ[qVKLJHYYLPYHZUHZVYNHUPaHsLZLZVIYLVH\[VNL
YLUJPHTLU[V KL JHYYLPYHZ HZZ\TPKV WLSVZ WY}WYPVZ [YH
IHSOHKVYLZ H]HUsHUKV JVT HSN\THZ JVU[YPI\PsLZ UV
X\L ZL YLMLYL LZWLJPÄJHTLU[L HVZ WYVÄZZPVUHPZ VUSPUL
-VYHTJVUZ\S[HKHZW\ISPJHsLZUV)YHZPSLLT7VY[\NHS
WHYHLZ[HILSLJLYJVTWHYHsLZZVIYLVX\L[LTZPKVWYV
TV]PKVUVZKVPZWHxZLZ(WHY[PYKVZSL]HU[HTLU[VZVI[P
KVZ[VYUHZLWVZZx]LSKLSPTP[HYVX\LZLQHYLSL]HU[LWHYH
H VYPLU[HsqV KL JHYYLPYHZ ZLUKV ]mYPVZ VZ TVKLSVZ [L}
YPJVZ X\L HWYLZLU[HT KPYL[YPaLZ WHYH PU[LY]LUsLZ L X\L
HWVU[HTHVIZLY]HsqVKHZPUÅ\vUJPHZX\LVZJVU[L_[VZ
PUJS\ZP]L ]PY[\HPZ L_LYsHT ZVIYL HZ L_WLJ[H[P]HZ KL \T
WYVÄZZPVUHS
Palavras-chave: PU[LY]LUsqV WZPJVS}NPJH JHYYLPYHZ
WYVÄZZPVUHPZWYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPULLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZ
Introdução
6WZPJ}SVNVVYNHUPaHJPVUHSWVKLWYVWVYH\_PSPHYLWYVTV]LYT\KHUsHZLTX\HSX\LYL[HWHKH]PKH
KL\THWLZZVHH[YH]tZKLPU[LY]LUsLZX\LVYPLU[LTVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVWHYHX\LVPUKP]xK\V
HSJHUJLVX\LKLZLQHWHYHZP*HTWVZ "*VPTIYH *HTWVZ 0ZZVZL[VYUHWVZZx]LSHWHY[PY
KLJVTV\T[YHIHSOHKVYH]HSPHHZWY}WYPHZL_WLYPvUJPHZLZLKPZWVUPIPSPaHWHYHKLZWLY[HYHVZLUZVKL
H\[VUVTPHX\LJVUZPNHYLJVUOLJLYLTZPTLZTV*VPTIYH "*VPTIYH7HYHKH 0THNPUmYPV
,TYHaqVKPZZVtYLSL]HU[LPKLU[PÄJHYX\HPZTVKLSVZ[vTZPKVHWSPJHKVZWVYWZPJ}SVNVZWHYHÄUZ
KLVYPLU[HsqVKLJHYYLPYHZLH[tTLZTVWHYHH\_PSPHY[VTHKHZKLKLJPZLZZVIYLWVSx[PJHZLWSHUVZKL
JHYYLPYHPTWSHU[HKVZUHZVYNHUPaHsLZWVYKL[LYTPUHsLZKLNLZ[VYLZLZVIYLVH\[VNLYLUJPHTLU[VKL
JHYYLPYHZHZZ\TPKVWVYSP]YLPUPJPH[P]HWLSVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZ,Z[Lt\THZZ\U[VWYLZLU[LLTWLZX\PZHZL
W\ISPJHsLZUV)YHZPSLLT7VY[\NHSKLTVKVX\LtWVZZx]LSLZ[HILSLJLYJVTWHYHsLZZVIYLVX\L[vT
ZPKVWYVTV]PKVUVZKVPZWHxZLZ(WHY[PYKVZSL]HU[HTLU[VZKVX\L[LTZPKVPU]LZ[PNHKVLHWSPJHKVUH
WYm_PZKLVYPLU[HsLZWHYHHMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHS[VYUHZLWVZZx]LSKLSPTP[HYVX\LZLQHYLSL]HU[LWHYH
HYLVYPLU[HsqVULJLZZmYPHnZUV]HZJVUÄN\YHsLZKL[YHIHSOVHL_LTWSVKVZZLY]PsVZWYLZ[HKVZH[YH]tZ
da Internet.
Modelos de intervenção psicólogica aplicados à gestão de carreiras
(WHY[PYKVWYVW}ZP[VKLH\_PSPHY[YHIHSOHKVYLZHZLJVTWYVTL[LYLTJVTVZVIQL[P]VZKL\THVYNHUP
aHsqVKLTVKVHYL]LSHYJVTWVY[HTLU[VZVYPLU[HKVZWHYHHWYVK\[P]PKHKL\TWZPJ}SVNVWVKLVYPLU[HY
H\_PSPHYLWYVTV]LYT\KHUsHZUVJV[PKPHUVKL\TPUKP]xK\VV\TLZTVUHZTHULPYHZJVTVHZPU[LYHsLZ
ZqVLZ[HILSLJPKHZUHZLX\PWLZKL[YHIHSOV¶TLZTVX\HUKVZLYLMLYPYH[HYLMHZYLHSPaHKHZWVYWYVÄZZPVUHPZ
VUSPUL
(MVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSKVWZPJ}SVNVZLJVUZ[P[\PKVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLOHIPSPKHKLZWHYHX\LJVU
ZPNH TLUZ\YHY L HUHSPZHY HZWLJ[VZ JVTWVY[HTLU[HPZ H[YH]tZ KL MLYYHTLU[HZ PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ L [tJUPJHZ
LZWLJxÄJHZWHYHKP]LYZHZÄUHSPKHKLZPUJS\ZP]LUVJVU[L_[VVYNHUPaHJPVUHSAHULSSPL(IIHK
HYN\TLU[HT X\L UV )YHZPS KHZ KtJHKHZ KL H H MVYTHsqV KV WZPJ}SVNV VYNHUPaHJPVUHS ZL
IHZLH]HL_JS\ZP]HTLU[LLTPUPJPH[P]HZWY}WYPHZKLX\LTKLZLQH]HH[\HYUHmYLH,YHULJLZZmYPVYLJVYYLY
HWYVK\sLZLIPISPVNYHÄHZLZ[YHUNLPYHZWVPZUHKHZLWYVK\aPHJVTVJVUOLJPTLU[VWY}WYPVKH7ZPJVSVNPH
6YNHUPaHJPVUHSUVWHxZ
,T7VY[\NHSHMVYTHsqVKVZWZPJ}SVNVZQmHWYLZLU[H]HVYPLU[HsLZWHYHWYm[PJHZHWSPJHKHZHVZJVU
[L_[VZKL[YHIHSOVHU[LZTLZTVKHKtJHKHKL *HTWVZ "*VPTIYH "*HTWVZ*VZ[H
4LULaLZ "0THNPUmYPV
;VKH]PH[HU[VUV)YHZPSJVTVLT7VY[\NHSWVYT\P[VZHUVZHZVYPLU[HsLZLWYVWVZPsLZKVZWZP
J}SVNVZVYNHUPaHJPVUHPZLYHTIHZLHKHZLTJVUOLJPTLU[VZLWYVK\sLZL_JS\ZP]HZKVZHKTPUPZ[YHKVYLZ
LZWLJPHSTLU[L SPTP[HKHZ n mYLH KL .LZ[qV KL 7LZZVHZ 5VZ KPHZ KL OVQL UVZ KVPZ YLMLYPKVZ WHxZLZ V
WZPJ}SVNVtJHWHaKLHWYLZLU[HYJVU[YPI\PsLZWHYHHNLZ[qVKV[YHIHSOVUHZVYNHUPaHsLZH[YH]tZKL
PU[LY]LUsLZX\LVYPLU[LTVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVWHYHKL[LYTPUHKVZVIQL[P]VZ[YHsHKVZWVY\TPUKP
]xK\VWHYHHSJHUsHYVX\LKLZLQHWHYHZPTLZTV*VPTIYH PUJS\ZP]LZVIYLVX\L\T[YHIHSOHKVY
LZWLYHYLHSPaHYLVI[LYWVYYL[VYUVKLZL\KLZLTWLUOVWYVÄZZPVUHS-YHUsH"4HJvKV9VKYPN\LZ
1VOHUU *\UOH
5LZZLZLU[PKVVWZPJ}SVNVWVKLH[\HYJVTV\TLZWLJPHSPZ[HWVYKVTPUHYJVUOLJPTLU[VZ[tJUPJHZ
WYm[PJHZKLWLYxJPHLTt[VKVZWY}WYPVZKLZ\HMVYTHsqVLJVSHIVYHKVYWVYH\_PSPHYV\[YHZWLZZVHZHYLH
SPaHYLTVX\LKLZLQHTJVTWHY[PSOHUKVYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZJVTLZ[HZJVTVPU[\P[VKLWYVTV]LYHJHWH
JPKHKLKLH]HSPHYLTHZWY}WYPHZL_WLYPvUJPHZHZZPTJVTVVZLUZVKLH\[VUVTPHX\LWVZZHTYLJVUOLJLY
LTZPWY}WYPHZ*VPTIYH "*VPTIYH 7HYHKH
O Modelo TABEIS
6WZPJ}SVNVWVY[HU[VWVKLYLWYLZLU[HYZPNUPÄJH[P]HPTWVY[oUJPHHVHWSPJHYVZJVUOLJPTLU[VZWY}
WYPVZKLZ\HMVYTHsqVWYVÄZZPVUHSWHYHVYPLU[HYV\[YVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZHPKLU[PÄJHYLTLTZ\HZWY}WYPHZ
OHIPSPKHKLZ L L_WLYPvUJPHZ V X\L YL]LSH JHWHJPKHKLZ WHYH LUMYLU[HY UV]VZ KLZHÄVZ HWYLZLU[HKVZ WLSV
TLPV4J*S\ZRL`5LZZLZLU[PKV[VYUHZLWVZZx]LSHVWZPJ}SVNVWYVWVYLPTWSLTLU[HYWYVNYHTHZ
KLPU[LY]LUsqVWVZPJPVUHUKVZLUVX\L4J*S\ZRL`KLÄULWVY¸JHYLNP]LY¹"V\ZLQHVLSLTLU[VKL
\THYLSHsqVX\LHZZ\TLHHW[PKqVWHYHKLZWLY[HYUVV\[YVWVZPJPVUHKVJVTV¸JHYLZLLRLY¹VYLJVUOL
JPTLU[VKLZL\ZWY}WYPVZYLJ\YZVZLOHIPSPKHKLZWHYHTLSOVYHWYV]LP[HYLL_LYJLYVX\LVTLPVUVX\HS
LZ[LQHPUZLYPKVWVZZPIPSP[LWHYHZLHSJHUsHYVX\LWYVTV]HVYLZWLJ[P]VILTLZ[HY4J*S\ZRL`
,TIVYH HZ WYVWVZPsLZ KL 4J*S\ZRL` UqV [LUOHT ZPKV HWSPJHKHZ UVTLHKHTLU[L
WHYHVVIQL[P]VKLZLVYPLU[HYHNLZ[qVLVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJHYYLPYHZWYVÄZZPVUHPZYLWYLZLU[HTPKLPHZ
X\LQmMVYHTHWSPJHKHZLTPU[LY]LUsLZPTWSLTLU[HKHZLTJVU[L_[VZWVY[\N\LZLZ)YHUKqV4PN\La
4J*S\ZRL`,U[YL[HU[V4J*S\ZRL`t\THYLMLYvUJPHX\LHPUKHUqVZLYL]LSHWYLZLU[LLTW\ISPJH
sLZUV)YHZPS(StTKPZZVHZUVsLZKLJVTVZLWYVJLZZHTHZKPUoTPJHZLU[YLJHYLNP]LYLJHYLZLLRLY
[HTItTHPUKHUqVZLHWYLZLU[HTLML[P]HTLU[LHWSPJHKHZWHYHJVU[L_[VZKL[YHIHSOVZKLLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZ
7VYTHPZX\LHZJVUÄN\YHsLZKLZ[L[PWVKLLX\PWLHWYLZLU[LHH\ZvUJPHKLPU[LYHsLZWLZZVHPZKPYL[HZ
tWVZZx]LSZ\NLYPYHWSPJHsLZKV4VKLSV;(),0:JVUMVYTLHWYLZLU[HKVWVY4J*S\ZRL`
((IVYKHNLT*LU[YHKHUH7LZZVH
(V ZL JVUZPKLYHY V\[YVZ TVKLSVZ HSN\UZ WLZX\PZHKVYLZ YLJVTLUKHT PU[LY]LUsLZ IHZLHKHZ UH
HIVYKHNLT JLU[YHKH UH WLZZVH WVY HIYHUNLY HZ THULPYHZ WLSHZ X\HPZ V PUKP]xK\V HZZ\TL H\[VUVTPH
WHYHYLH]HSPHY[HYLMHZLTVKVZKLL_LYJLY\THWYVÄZZqV
:LSPNTHUL*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`PWVU[\HTX\LHHIVYKHNLTJLU[YHKHUHWLZZVHJVU[YPI\P\WHYH
JVUZVSPKHYH7ZPJVSVNPH7VZP[P]H\THWLYZWLJ[P]HX\L[LTJVTV\THWLJ\SPHYPLKHKLLUMH[PaHYHH\[VUV
TPHKVPUKP]xK\VZVIYLVX\LWVKLKLÄUPYWVYVIQL[P]VZLTZ\H]PKH,Z[HYLJVTLUKHsqVZLM\UKHTLU[H
WVYX\LYLKLÄUPYTVKVZKLZL[YHIHSOHYV\H[tTLZTVWSHULQHYVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKL[YHIHSOVZWYVTV
]PKVZH[YH]tZKH0U[LYUL[PTWSPJH[VTHYKLJPZLZ7HYH*HTWVZ*VZ[HL4LULaLZ PZZVYLX\LYV
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZJVTWSL_HZKVPUKP]xK\VWHYHX\LJVUZPNHWYVTV]LYT\KHUsHZLZ[Y\[\
YHPZHL_LTWSVKHJVUKPsqVKLZLHZZ\TPYUV]VZKLZHÄVZKL[YHIHSOVLPTWSLTLU[HYLZ[YH[tNPHZUHZYLSH
sLZLZ[HILSLJPKHZJVTV\[YHZWLZZVHZJVTX\LTH[tTLZTVUqVZLQHWVZZx]LS[LYJVU[H[VMxZPJVKPYL[V
4VKLSVZ KL PU[LY]LUsqV IHZLHKVZ LT WYVWVZ[HZ KH HIVYKHNLT JLU[YHKH UH WLZZVH ZL YL]LSHT
PTWSLTLU[HKVZ[HU[VUV)YHZPSLN6SP]LPYH )HZ[VZ")LUKHZZVSSP "+\[YH"=LSVZV
+\[YH"4HNHSOqLZ )LUKHZZVSSP":PS]H;YL]PZHU=LSVZV +\[YH"=HZJVUJLSVZ)VYNLZ
(UKYHKL7VY[V -VUZLJH":PHUP6Z]HSKV *VYYvHJVTVLT7VY[\NHSLN9HMHLS
2UPNZ[LK[ " 7PU[V ;H]LPYH THZ [HTItT HPUKH UqV ZL YL]LSHT HWSPJHKVZ nZ VYPLU[HsLZ
PUKPJHKHZWHYHWYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPULJ\QHMVYTHsqVPTWSPJHLTH]HSPHYJVTVJVUZLN\PYZLJVTWYVTL[LYJVT
[HYLMHZX\LUqVZqVKPYL[HTLU[LVIZLY]HKHZWVYV\[YHZWLZZVHZ
7HYHZLWYVWVYPU[LY]LUsLZZVIYLHZJVUKPsLZ]VJHJPVUHPZ*HTWVZ HYN\TLU[HX\LtKL[LY
TPUHU[LJVUZPKLYHYVX\LVWY}WYPVPUKP]xK\VWVKLL_WSVYHYWVYH\[VJVUOLJPTLU[VLVX\L[LTWVYPU[L
YLZZLLTPU]LZ[PYUVT\UKV"V\ZLQHVX\L[LTWVYKLZLQVKLYLHSPaHYUVTLPVLTX\L]P]LWVKLUKVH[t
TLZTVZLY\THTIPLU[L]PY[\HS7HYH[HU[VVWZPJ}SVNVU\THPU[LY]LUsqVVYPLU[HKHWHYHJVU[L_[VZKL
[YHIHSOVKL]LL_WSVYHYHZYLSHsLZJVTVT\UKVH[YH]tZKHZX\HPZVPUKP]xK\VJVUZ[Y}PLYLJVUZ[Y}PZ\HZ
L_WLJ[H[P]HZKLTVKVKPUoTPJVWHYHKLJPKPYVX\LtJHWHaKLWSHULQHYLYLHSPaHYWHYHZP
+LZ[HJHZLHPU[LUsqVKLZLWYVTV]LYT\KHUsHZZVIYLVQLP[VKLZLWLYJLILYUVT\UKVLZVIYLVZ
VIQL[P]VZKLÄUPKVZWHYHZP0ZZVZLVILY]HJVTVKPYL[YPaLZHZZ\TPKHZWVYPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZX\LHWYLZLU[HT
HUmSPZLZ[HU[VLTW\ISPJHsLZIYHZPSLPYHZJVTVWVY[\N\LZHZ*HTWVZ*VZ[HL4LULaLZ KLZ[HJHT
X\LWYVWVYT\KHUsHZH\TPUKP]xK\VZVIYLHZJVUKPsLZX\L]P]LYLX\LYX\LVWZPJ}SVNVJVUZPKLYLUqV
ZVTLU[LHLZ[Y\[\YHZ}JPVJVNUP[P]HKLZ[HWLZZVHV\ZLQHHZZ\HZJHWHJPKHKLZKLHUmSPZLLYHJPVJxUPV
ZVIYLVX\L]P]LLJVTVPU[LYHNLJVTV\[YHZWLZZVHZTHZ[HTItTVX\LWVZZHL_PZ[PYKLPUÅ\vUJPHZ
ZLQHTLZ[xT\SVZV\KPÄJ\SKHKLZHWYLZLU[HKHZWLSVTLPVVUKLLZ[mPUZLYPKH(VZL[YH[HYKL[YHIHSOHKVYLZ
VUSPULLZ[HZKPÄJ\SKHKLZWVKLTZLYL]LSHYUHZSPTP[HsLZWY}WYPHZnZH[PZMHsqVJVTV[YHIHSOV\TH]La
X\LUqVOmZ\WVY[LKLPU[LYHsLZZVJPHPZJVTVZJVSLNHZKLLX\PWL-YHUsH"9VIIPUZ
+L[VKVTVKVHVZLWYVWVYPU[LY]LUsLZKL]LZLJVUZPKLYHYHYLZZHS]HKLX\LHStTKHZH[P[\KLZ
YL]LSHKHZWLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZKL\THPU[LY]LUsqVKL]LZLVIZLY]HY[HTItTHZPUÅ\vUJPHZX\LVZJVU
[L_[VZL_LYsHTZVIYLHZL_WLJ[H[P]HZKL\TPUKP]xK\VLZWLJPHSTLU[LVZTVKVZJVTVHZYLSHsLZPU[LY
WLZZVHPZZqV]P]PKHZ*VPTIYH "*HTWVZ*VZ[H 4LULaLZ "0THNPUmYPV Q\Z[HTLU[L
WVYX\LLZZHZ[HTItTHWYLZLU[HTPUÅ\vUJPHZZVIYLVX\LWVKLZLYKLÄUPKVLPKLU[PÄJHKVJVTVUV]VZ
KLZHÄVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZ=LSVZV +\[YH":PS]H;YL]PZHU=LSVZV +\[YH
5VLU[HU[VHVZLYLJVUOLJLYHZUV]HZJVUÄN\YHsLZZVIYLJVTVHZWLZZVHZZL]PUJ\SHTHV[YH
IHSOV PTWSLTLU[HKHZ [HU[V UV )YHZPS JVTV LT 7VY[\NHS Z\YNLT TVKLSVZ LTLYNLU[LZ H L_LTWSV KV
¸TVKLSVKLLZWLJPHSPaHsqVP[HSPHUH¹KVZ¸TVKLSVZKLHS[VKLZLTWLUOV¹:V\aH 7LP_V[VHStT
KVZTVKLSV¸KLJHYYLPYHZLTMYVU[LPYHZ¹¸JHYYLPYHWYV[LHUH¹¸JHYYLPYHWVY[M}SPV¹¸JYHMJHYLLY¹LKH¸JHYYLPH
T\S[PKPYLJPVUHS¹ 4HNHSOqLZ )LUKHZZVSSP X\L KLZKL V PUxJPV KH KtJHKH KL ZqV WYVWVZ
[VZ WHYH H\_PSPHY PUKP]xK\VZ X\L ZL WLYJLILT YLH]HSPHUKV V X\L KLZLQHT L WVKLT YLHSPaHY UH WYVÄZZqV
*HTWVZ Q\Z[HTLU[LWVYX\LTHU[LYZLLT\TTLZTVWHKYqVV\YV[PUH]VJHJPVUHSWVKLYL]LSHY
ZL\THJVUKPsqVX\LUqVYL]LSLTHPZ]HSVYLZZPNUPÄJHKVZV\PTWVY[oUJPHWHYHHWLZZVHPUJVYYLUKV
HZZPTUVYPZJVKLZLKLZ]PUJ\SHYKHZWVZZPIPSPKHKLZKLJVUZ[Y\PYH[YH]tZKV[YHIHSOVZLU[PKVZWHYHZP
,ZZLYPZJVWVKLKLJVYYLYKHHSPLUHsqVYLZ\S[HU[LKHHJVTVKHsqVLZ\ITPZZqVKLHJH[HYHVZZLU[PKVZ
X\LZqVKL[LYTPUHKVZWVYV\[YHZWLZZVHZJVTHZX\HPZ\TPUKP]xK\VJVU]P]LTHZX\LUqVYLWYLZLU[HT
PTWVY[oUJPHWHYHZP*VPTIYH7HYHKH 0THNPUmYPV
(\[VYLZX\LZLKLKPJHTHPU]LZ[PNHYVWHWLSHZZ\TPKVWLSVWZPJ}SVNVLTPU[LY]LUsLZWZPJVS}NPJHZ
KLSPTP[HTLZ[YH[tNPHZX\LWVZZHTZLYL_LYJPKHZ[HPZJVTV!HJVUZ\S[HWZPJVS}NPJHWHYHZLJVUOLJLYH
OPZ[}YPHKL]PKHVX\LVPUKP]xK\VWLUZHKLZPLVX\LWVKL[LYWVYL_WLJ[H[P]HZVHJVUZLSOHTLU[VWZP
JVS}NPJVHWZPJV[LYHWPHLHJVUZ\S[HKVYPHWZPJVS}NPJH*VPTIYH *HTWVZ "*HTWVZ "*VPT
IYH " *HTWVZ ( JVUZ\S[HKVYPH WZPJVS}NPJH LT LZWLJPHS WVKL ZLY HWSPJHKH LT JVU[L_[VZ
VYNHUPaHJPVUHPZLVYPLU[HKHWHYHKPZJ\ZZLZLTLKPHsLZYLSHJPVUHKHZHV[YHIHSOV*VPTIYH
(StTKLZ[HZLZ[YH[tNPHZ*VPTIYH7HYHKHL0THNPUmYPVHJYLKP[HTLTTLKPKHZLK\JH[P]HZL
MVYTH[P]HZJVTVTLPVZWHYHTLSOVYX\HSPÄJHYVPUKP]xK\VLX\LKL]LTZLYHKV[HKHZWHYHVYPLU[HYJVTV
V[YHIHSOHKVYZLWLYJLIHJHWHaKLI\ZJHYJVUZ[HU[LTLU[LUV]VZJVUOLJPTLU[VZLHWSPJmSVZLTZ\HZ
YLHSPaHsLZSHIVYHPZ,Z[HUVsqVtHWYVWYPHKHLZWLJPHSTLU[LWHYHX\HUKVZLWLYJLILX\LHZZ\TPYH\[V
UVTPHt\THJVUKPsqVKL[LYTPUHU[LWHYH\THWYVK\[P]PKHKLUVZJVU[L_[VZ]PY[\HPZ
(WLZHY KHZ WYVWVZPsLZ Z\WYHJP[HKHZ ZLYLT HWYVWYPHKHZ WHYH VZ JVU[L_[VZ KL [YHIHSOV ]PY[\HS UV
)YHZPSJVU]LYNLZL[HTItTnPKLPHKPZZLTPUHKHWLSH*VTPZZqV,\YVWtPH KLX\LVPUKP]xK\VKL]H
ZLYJHWHaKLZHILYHKX\PYPYUV]VZJVUOLJPTLU[VZLPU]LZ[PSVZKLTVKVPU[LSPNLU[LUHZVJPLKHKLVUKL
ZLtWVZZx]LSHWYPTVYHYNYHKH[P]HTLU[LVZTVKVZJVTV\T[YHIHSOVtYLHSPaHKVWHYH[YHaLYILULMxJPVZH
[VKVZPUJS\ZP]LHVWY}WYPV[YHIHSOHKVY*VUZVSPKHZLHZZPTHMVYTHsqVHVSVUNVKH]PKH]PHIPSPaHUKVV
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VLHWYVTVsqVKLILTLZ[HYLKLTHPVYPN\HSKHKLLU[YLVZJPKHKqVZ*VPTIYH7HYHKH
0THNPUmYPV,Z[HI\ZJHWLSVILTLZ[HYPTWSPJHUHH\[VLZ[PTHLtPUKPJHKHJVTV\TPKLHSHKV[HKV
WVYX\LTHZZ\TLH\[VUVTPHWHYHZLHZZ\TPYVZKLZHÄVZX\L[YHIHSOVZVUSPULYLWYLZLU[HT
O trabalho em equipes virtuais
( KP]LYZPKHKL KL KLTHUKHZ WHYH H WYLZ[HsqV KL ZLY]PsVZ L H L_PNvUJPH WLSVZ TLSOVYLZ KLZLTWL
UOVZUVZJVU[L_[VZKL[YHIHSOVWVKLTPTWSPJHYHPU[LYHsqVKLKPMLYLU[LZWYVÄZZPVUHPZX\LWVYZ\H]La
ZLYLULTLTLX\PWLZ,Z[Ht\THJVUKPsqVJVT\THX\HSX\LY[PWVKLVYNHUPaHsqVLX\LYLX\LYX\L
NLZ[VYLZZLQHTJHWHaLZKLJVVYKLUHYHZYLHSPaHsLZKVZKPMLYLU[LZTLTIYVZX\LHWLZHYKLHZZ\TPYLT
[HYLMHZLZWLJxÄJHZWYLJPZHTHWYLZLU[HYYLZ\S[HKVZLT\TWYVJLZZVKL[YHIHSOVJVT\THVJVTWHY[P
SOHYLTHYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLWLSVIVTKLZLTWLUOVNLYHSKVX\LYLHSPaHTLTJVUQ\U[V7\LU[L7HSmJPVZ
.VUamSLa9VTm(PU[LNYHsqVKLLZMVYsVZKL]LZLYWLYJLIPKHJVT\THJPYJ\UZ[oUJPHX\LWYVWPJPH
HTLSOVYPHKHZVWLYHsLZ\TH]LaX\LWVZZPIPSP[HHWYV]LP[HYVZKPMLYLU[LZ[HSLU[VZYL]LSHKVZWLSVZM\UJPV
UmYPVZKL\THTLZTHVYNHUPaHsqV7\LU[L7HSmJPVZ"9VIIPUZ
:VTLU[L UH JVUKPsqV KL [YHIHSOV LT LX\PWL [VYUHZL WVZZx]LS JVUJPSPHY KPMLYLU[LZ MVYTHsLZ WHYH
HNPSPaHYVHSJHUJLKLYLZ\S[HKVZNSVIHPZLT\THVYNHUPaHsqV,Z[HWYLTPZZHZLJVUZVSPKHUHWYLZ[HsqVKL
ZLY]PsVZH[YH]tZKH0U[LYUL[KLTVKVHJVUZ[P[\xYLTZLVX\L9VIIPUZ KLÄULWVY¸LX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZ¹
*VUZ[H[HZL X\L [HU[V V [YHIHSOV LT LX\PWL JVTV [HYLMHZ YLHSPaHKHZ VUSPUL ZqV [LUKvUJPHZ X\L Qm ZL
JVUJYL[PaHTUVJV[PKPHUVJVYWVYH[P]V
;VKH]PHV[YHIHSOVKLZLU]VS]PKVWVYLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZHWYLZLU[HWLJ\SPHYPKHKLZLZWLJPHSTLU[LWVYX\L
VZZL\ZTLTIYVZUqVL_WLYPTLU[HTJVU[H[VWLZZVHSKPYL[VJVTVZKLTHPZJVSLNHZWHYHHYLHSPaHsqV
KVZVIQL[P]VZX\LJVTWHY[PSOHT9VIIPUZ "7\LU[L7HSmJPVZ .VUamSLa9VTm(ZPU[LYHsLZ
LU[YLVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPULZLWYVTV]LTH[YH]tZKL[LJUVSVNPHZKLPUMVYTHsqVLWVKLTIHZLHYZLLT
JVU[H[VZKPZWLYZVZWVYKP]LYZHZmYLHZKL[VKVVWSHUL[H9LZZHS[HZLX\LULZ[HZJVUKPsLZVZ[YHIHSOH
KVYLZVUSPULJVUZLN\LTJVSHIVYHYLU[YLZPWHYHVTLSOVYKLZLTWLUOVTLZTVX\LÄZPJHTLU[LKPZ[HU
JPHKVZ4HJvKV9VKYPN\LZ1VOHUU *\UOH
(ZLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZWVKLTJVTWHY[PSOHYPUMVYTHsLZLU[YLZL\ZTLTIYVZMHJ\S[HUKVHVZ[YHIHSOH
KVYLZX\L[VTLTKLJPZLZZVIYLVX\L¶LJVTV¶KL]HZLYMLP[ViWVZZx]LSH[tTLZTVX\LLX\PWLZ
]PY[\HPZZLQHTJVTWVZ[HZWVYM\UJPVUmYPVZKLKPMLYLU[LZVYNHUPaHsLZHL_LTWSVKLPU[LYHsLZ]PY[\HPZ
LZ[HILSLJPKHZJVTMVYULJLKVYLZV\X\HPZX\LYV\[YVZ[PWVZKLWHYJLPYVZKLKPMLYLU[LZJVYWVYHsLZ9VI
IPUZ
,U[YL[HU[VVMH[VKVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZVUSPULUqV[LYLTTLPVZKLZLL_WYLZZHYLTNLZ[\HSTLU[LLWVY
SPUN\HNLT UqV ]LYIHS THZ ZVTLU[L H[YH]tZ KL JVT\UPJHsLZ LZJYP[HZ L MVYTHSPaHKHZ HZZPT JVTV H
SPTP[HsqV PTWVZ[H WHYH ZL JVUZVSPKHY JVU[H[VZ ZVJPHPZ ZqV MH[VYLZ X\L PTWLT J\PKHKVZ HV [YHIHSOV
KLZLU]VS]PKVH[YH]tZKH0U[LYUL[(PTWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLZLL_WYLZZHYPUMVYTHSTLU[LPUK\a[YHIHSOHKVYLZH
JVUZPKLYHYLTVYPZJVKLZLYLTPUJVTWYLLUKPKVZWLSVZKLTHPZJVSLNHZ-YHUsH*VTPZZVHZZ\TPY
J\PKHKVLTHWYLZLU[HY\THLZJYP[HVIQL[P]HWHYHVLU]PVKLTLUZHNLUZJ\QVZJVU[LKVZWYLJPZHTZLY
LU[LUKPKVZ WLSVZ KLTHPZ YLWYLZLU[H \TH JVUKPsqV X\L PTWL HVZ [YHIHSOHKVYLZ PU]LZ[PY H[LUsqV UH
LTWH[PHX\LZLQHTJHWHaLZKL[YHUZTP[PYH[YH]tZKVLU]PVKLTLUZHNLUZ4HJvKV9VKYPN\LZ1VOHUU
*\UOH
(StTKPZZVLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZWVKLTZLYJVTWVZ[HZWVY[YHIHSOHKVYLZX\LULTZLJVUOLJLTWLZZVHS
TLU[L,ZZHJVUKPsqVPUK\aX\LJHKHTLTIYVZLJVUJLU[YLYLZ[YP[HTLU[LUHJVUZLJ\sqVKHZYLZWLJ[P
]HZ[HYLMHZPTWVZZPIPSP[HUKV[YVJHZKLPUMVYTHsLZKL[LVYZVJPHSLTVJPVUHSV\H[tTLZTVHML[P]VJVTV
\THJVSOPTLU[VJVTHÄUHSPKHKLKLTV[P]HY\TJVSLNHKL[YHIHSOVWVYL_LTWSV7VYPZZV[YHIHSOHKVYLZ
VUSPUL WVKLT ]PY H ZL KLWHYHY JVT H H\ZvUJPH KL LZ[xT\SVZ TV[P]HJPVUHPZ WHYH ZL JVTWYVTL[LYLT H
SVUNVWYHaVWHYHHWYLZLU[HYLTTLSOVYLZKLZLTWLUOVZULZ[HZJVUKPsLZKL[YHIHSOV9VIIPUZ
,_LTWSVZ[YHKPJPVUHPZKLLTWYLZHZLTX\LZLVIZLY]HHJVUZ[P[\PsqVKLLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZLHNLZ[qV
KVKLZLTWLUOVKL[YHIHSOHKVYLZVUSPULZqV!/L^SL[[7HJRHYK)VLPUN-VYKL9V`HS+\J[O:OLSS9VI
IPUZ LJVU[HTJVTZLKLZLYLWYLZLU[HsLZLTKP]LYZVZWHxZLZ
(VJVUZPKLYHYHZPTWSPJHsLZX\LHML[HTVIVTKLZLTWLUOVKLLX\PWLZ]PY[\HPZ[VYUHZLYLSL]HU[L
HUHSPZHYJVTVWVKLTZLYPTWSHU[HKHZPU[LY]LUsLZWHYHVÄTKLZL]PHIPSPaHYX\LVZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZVUSPUL
JVUZPNHTHWYLZLU[HYVHSJHUJLKVZVIQL[P]VZLZWLYHKVZKLZ\HZ[HYLMHZ
Contributos para a gestão de carreiras em equipes virtuais
,TYLZWVZ[HHPTWVZZPIPSPKHKLZKLZLWYLZLY]HYZH[PZMLP[VJVT\T[YHIHSOV[HU[VUV)YHZPSJVTVLT
7VY[\NHStWVZZx]LSYLJVTLUKHYPU[LY]LUsLZJVTVVIQL[P]VKLWYVTV]LYUVZWYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPULLZ[YH
[tNPHZKLcopingX\LZLIHZLPHTLTOHIPSPKHKLZKLH\[VYYLN\SHsqVLTVJPVUHSLTYLZWVZ[HHPUÅ\vUJPHZ
ULNH[P]HZX\LVTLPVHWYLZLU[L>VY[OPUN[VU1Y :JOLYLYHPUKHX\LZLYLÄYHHWYVQL[VZKL[YHIH
SOVZKLZLU]VS]PKVZH[YH]tZKH0U[LYUL[LX\LYLX\LYLTX\LVWY}WYPVWYVÄZZPVUHSZLJVTWYVTL[HJVTVZ
VIQL[P]VZLZWLYHKVZKLZL\KLZLTWLUOV
,Z[LZLUZVKLYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLLH\[VUVTPHZqVL_LTWSVZKLH[P[\KLZX\LZLLZWLYHPKLU[PÄJHYLT
WYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPULJVTVJVUKPsqVKL[LYTPUHU[LKLZLJVTWYVTL[LYLTHHSJHUsHYVZVIQL[P]VZKL\T
[YHIHSOVX\LUqVtMxZPJHKPYL[HLWLZZVHSTLU[LJVVYKLUHKVWVY\TNLZ[VYLZWLJxÄJV9VIIPUZ1\KNL
:VIYHS
i YLJVTLUKm]LS [HTItT VYPLU[HY [YHIHSOHKVYLZ VUSPUL HJLYJH KL JVTV LZ[HILSLJLT JVT\UPJH
sLZMVYTHPZLLZJYP[HZLU[YLZPLZWLJPHSTLU[LUVLU]PVKLLTHPSZV\X\HPZX\LYTLUZHNLUZ]PH0U[LYUL[
4HJvKV9VKYPN\LZ1VOHUU *\UOH
(ZJVUKPsLZVMLYLJPKHZWLSVZJVU[L_[VZ]PY[\HPZWVKLTWYVTV]LYV\KPÄJ\S[HYVWVY[\UPKHKLZWHYH
ZL PTWSLTLU[HY HsLZ WYPUJPWHSTLU[L ZVIYL V X\L ZLQH Z\NLYPKV JVTV T\KHUsHZ ZVIYL \TH JVUK\[H
X\LZL[LUOHÄYTHKVLJVUZVSPKHKVWVYHUVZHVSVUNVKH]PKHKL\T[YHIHSOHKVY*HTWVZ ,Z[H
JVUK\[HWVKLZLYPS\Z[YHKHWLSHZTHULPYHZWHKYVUPaHKHZKLYLHSPaHYHZTLZTHZ[HYLMHZLWLSV[YHIHSOVHV
X\HSZLLZ[LQHOHIP[\HKVHYLHSPaHYiYLSL]HU[LJVUZPKLYHYX\LV[YHIHSOVVUSPULHPUKHZLHWYLZLU[HJVTV
\THPUV]HsqVUVZTVKVZKLZL]P]LYL_WLYPvUJPHZKLLTWYLNV
*VUZPKLYHsLZÄUHPZ
,TIVYHHYL]PZqVIPISPVNYmÄJHZVIYLTVKLSVZKLPU[LY]LUsqVHWSPJHKVZHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJHYYLP
YHZUV)YHZPSLLT7VY[\NHSHWYLZLU[LW\ISPJHsLZJVUJLU[YHKHZLTKPMLYLU[LZTVKLSVZHStTKLWYm[PJHZ
IHZLHKHZUHHIVYKHNLTJLU[YHKHUHWLZZVHWYVWVZPsLZX\LLZ[Y\[\YHTPKLHPZKH7ZPJVSVNPH7VZP[P]H
L HWYVWYPHKHZ HV KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V KL LZ[YH[tNPHZ KL coping t ULJLZZmYPV KLZ[HJHY X\L L_PZ[LT ]mYPVZ
TVKLSVZ[L}YPJVZX\LHWYLZLU[HTKPYL[YPaLZWHYHPU[LY]LUsLZ
+LTVKVNLYHSTVKLSVZKLPU[LY]LUsqVWZPJVS}NPJHHWVU[HTHULJLZZPKHKLKLZLVIZLY]HYHZPUÅ\vU
JPHZX\LVZJVU[L_[VZPUJS\ZP]L]PY[\HPZL_LYsHTZVIYLHZL_WLJ[H[P]HZKL\TPUKP]xK\VLZVIYLVZTVKVZ
JVTVHZYLSHsLZPU[LYWLZZVHPZZqV]P]PKHZLTLX\PWLZKL[YHIHSOV(ZL_WLJ[H[P]HZKL\T[YHIHSOHKVYL
HZPU[LYHsLZZVJPHPZLTLZWLJPHSYLWYLZLU[HTVX\LKL]HZLYJVUZPKLYHKVWHYHÄUZKLPU[LY]LUsLZKV
WZPJ}SVNVZVIYLHNLZ[qVKLJHYYLPYHZLYLZZHS[HVX\LHPUKHYLX\LYHWYVM\UKHTLU[VH[YH]tZKVKLZLU
]VS]PTLU[VKLUV]HZWLZX\PZHZWHYHKPZZLTPUHYKPYL[YPaLZHWSPJHKHZnZYLHSPaHsLZKLWYVÄZZPVUHPZVUSPUL
9LMLYvUJPHZIPISPVNYmÄJHZ
(IIHK . : 7YLMmJPV 0U! :PX\LPYH 4 4 4 VYN Medidas do comportamento organizacional:
ferramentas de diagnóstico e de gestão7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLKWW
)LUKHZZVSSP7- 9LJVTWVZPsqVKHYLSHsqVZ\QLP[V[YHIHSOVUVZTVKLSVZLTLYNLU[LZKLJHYYLPYH
Revista de Administração de Empresas-RAE:qV7H\SV49WW
)YHUKqV*4PN\La1 4J*S\ZRL`<;OLKÙHTPJZVMMLHYPU[OL^VYRWSHJL!;OLJVU[YPI\[PVUVM
H[[HJOTLU[[OLVY`[VSLHKLYZOPW[YHPUPUNHUKILOH]PV\YRevista E-Psi6WW
*HTWVZ)7 *VUZ\S[HWZPJVS}NPJHLWYVQLJ[VZKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUVCadernos de Con-
sulta PsicológicaWW
*HTWVZ ) 7 ( VYPLU[HsqV ]VJHJPVUHS U\TH WLYZWLJ[P]H KL PU[LY]LUsqV UV KLZLU]VS]PTLU[V
WZPJVS}NPJV0U!)7*HTWVZ6YNQuestões de política educativa7VY[V!,KPsLZ(ZHWW
*HTWVZ ) 7 ( PUMVYTHsqV UH VYPLU[HsqV WYVÄZZPVUHS Cadernos de Consulta Psicológica
WW
*HTWVZ)7"*VZ[H4, 4LULaLZ0 (KPTLUZqVZVJPHSKHLK\JHsqVWZPJVS}NPJHKLSPILYHKH
Cadernos de Consulta Psicológica WW
*VPTIYH13 *HTWVZ)7 *VUZ\S[HWZPJVS}NPJHLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VO\THUV*VT\UPJHsqV
apresentada no II Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia3PZIVH5V]LTIYV
*VPTIYH13 Estratégias cognitivo-desenvolvimentais em consulta psicológica interpessoal7YV]H
JVTWSLTLU[HYKHZWYV]HZKLKV\[VYHTLU[V7VY[V!-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHLKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\
cação.
*VPTIYH 1 3" 7HYHKH -" 0THNPUmYPV 3 Formação ao Longo da Vida e Gestão da Carreira.
3PZIVH!+PYLJsqV.LYHSKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
*VTPZZqV,\YVWLPH *YLZJPTLU[V*VTWL[P[P]PKHKLL,TWYLNV!¸3P]YVIYHUJV¹ZVIYLVZ+LZHÄVZL
as Pistas para Entrar no Século XXI3\_LTI\YNV:LY]PsVKHZ7\ISPJHsLZ6ÄJPHPZKHZ*VT\UPKHKLZ
Europeias.
+\[YH1:*HYYLPYHLNLZ[qVLZ[YH[tNPJHKLWLZZVHZ0U!+\[YH1:VYNGestão de carreiras na
empresa contemporânea:qV7H\SV!([SHZWW
-YHUsH(*3Comportamento organizacional: conceitos e práticas:qV7H\SV!:HYHP]H
0THNPUmYPV3 8\LZ[LZKL6YPLU[HsqVCadernos de Consulta PsicológicaWW
2UPNZ[LK[4,K\JHsqVLJHYYLPYH!LZ[\KVKLH]HSPHsqVKHLÄJmJPHKL\THPU[LY]LUsqVWZPJV-
lógica+PZZLY[HsqVKLTLZ[YHKVLT7ZPJVSVNPH0UZ[P[\[VKL,K\JHsqVL7ZPJVSVNPH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV
4PUOV
4HJvKV009VKYPN\LZ+-1VOHUU4,7 *\UOH544Aspectos comportamentais da
gestão de pessoas9PVKL1HULPYV!-.=,KP[VYH
4HNHSOqLZ46 )LUKHZZVSSP7-+LZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJHYYLPYHZUHZVYNHUPaHsLZ0U!)VYNLZ
36 4V\YqV3O trabalho e as organizações: atuações a partir da Psicologia7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLK
WW
4J*S\ZRL`<To be met as a person: The dynamics of attachment in professional encounters.
3VUKVU!2HYUHJ)VVRZ
4J*S\ZRL` < <UKLYZ[HUKPUN [OL ZLSM HUK \UKLYZ[HUKPUN [OLYHW`! (U H[[HJOHTLU[ WLYZWLJ[P]L
Context MagazineWW
4J*S\ZRL`<;OL[OLYHWPZ[HZHMLHYMYLLJHYLNP]LY!:\WWVY[PUNJOHUNLPU[OLKÙHTPJVYNHUPZH
[PVUVM[OLZLSMAUCC JournalWW
6SP]LPYH-+ )HZ[VZ(=)*HYYLPYHZWYVÄZZPVUHPZLT[YHUZMVYTHsqV!MH[VYLZX\LPU[LYMLYLT
UHZ LZ[YH[tNPHZ KL JHYYLPYH KVZ M\UJPVUmYPVZ KV )HUJV KV )YHZPS Organização & Sociedade 6
WW
7PU[V1 ;H]LPYH4*,ÄJmJPHKL\THPU[LY]LUsqVKLJHYYLPYH!\TLZ[\KVSVUNP[\KPUHS. Comu
UPJHsqVVYHSHWYLZLU[HKHUV¸=00:PTW}ZPV5HJPVUHSKL0U]LZ[PNHsqVLT7ZPJVSVNPH¹)YHNH!<UP]LYZP
KHKLKV4PUOV
7\LU[L7HSmJPVZ2,X\PWLZKL[YHIHSOV0U!:PX\LPYH444Medidas do comportamento orga-
nizacional: ferramentas de diagnóstico e de gestão7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLKWW
7\LU[L7HSmJPVZ 2 .VUamSLa9VTm = .LZ[qV KL LX\PWLZ KL [YHIHSOV 0U! )VYNLZ 3 6
4V\YqV3VYNZO trabalho e as organizações: atuações a partir da Psicologia7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLK
WW
9HMHLS4*HYLLYKL]LSVWTLU[HUKTHUHNLTLU[PUZ[JLU[\Y`HK\S[Z!YLHKPUNZ[V^HYKOHYTV
UPaH[PVUVMNSVIHSHUKPUKP]PK\HSSL]LSZElectronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology5
WW
9VIIPUZ:7 Fundamentos do comportamento organizacional:qV7H\SV!7LHYZVU7YLU[PJL/HSS
9VIIPUZ:71\KNL;( :VIYHS-Comportamento organizacional: teoria e prática no con-
texto brasileiro:qV7H\SV!7LHYZVU7YLU[PJL/HSS
:LSPNTHU4 *ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P47VZP[P]LWZ`JOVSVN`!(UPU[YVK\J[PVUAmerican Psychologist
WW
:PHUP : 9" 6Z]HSKV @ * *VYYvH + ( 7LYJLWsqV KL LZ[\KHU[LZ JVUJS\PU[LZ KV J\YZV KL
(KTPUPZ[YHsqVZVIYLWSHULQHTLU[VKHJHYYLPYH!]V\LZ[\KHYTHX\PHNLTJPULTH[VNYmÄJHUH*HSPM}YUPH
Organizações em contexto:qV)LYUHYKVKV*HTWV13WW
:PS]H9*";YL]PZHU35"=LSVZV,-9 +\[YH1:ËUJVYHZL]HSVYLZZVIKPMLYLU[LZWLYZWLJ
[P]HZKHNLZ[qVKLJHYYLPYHRevista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios. :qV7H\SV18 WW
:V\aH11 7LP_V[V(3(6ZUV]VZTVKLSVZKLNLZ[qV0U!)VYNLZ36 4V\YqV3O
trabalho e as organizações: atuações a partir da Psicologia7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLKWW
=HZJVUJLSSVZ=*")VYNLZ(UKYHKL1,"7VY[V1) -VUZLJH(46*HYYLPYHUHZVYNHUP
aHsLZ! 9L]PZqV KH WYVK\sqV IYHZPSLPYH UV oTIP[V KV TPJYVJVTWVY[HTLU[V VYNHUPaHJPVUHS Revista
Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho16WW
=LSVZV,-9 +\[YH1:*HYYLPYHZZLT-YVU[LPYHZUH.LZ[qV7LZZVHSKH;YHUZPsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS!
\T,Z[\KVJVT,_-\UJPVUmYPVZKL\TH0UZ[P[\PsqV7YP]H[PaHKHRevista de Administração Contempo-
rânea*\YP[PIH15HY[WW
>VY[OPUN[VU,31Y :JOLYLY4-VYNP]LULZZPZHULTV[PVUώMVJ\ZLKJVWPUNZ[YH[LN`[OH[JHU
YLK\JLOLHS[OYPZRZHUKWYVTV[LOLHS[OYLZPSPLUJL!;OLVY`YL]PL^HUKO`WV[OLZLZPsychology and
Health WW¶
AHULSSP1*O psicólogo nas organizações de trabalho. 7VY[V(SLNYL!(Y[TLK
Karina Vieira Martins
Antunes Lopes
<UP]LYZPKHKL,Z[HK\HS7H\SPZ[H
Como as Avaliações
¸1SPV4LZX\P[H-PSOV¹<5,:7
-HJ\SKHKLKL*PvUJPHZL de Larga Escala, como
a Avaliação Nacional
;LJUVSVNPH*HTW\ZKL
Presidente Prudente
*\YZVKL3PJLUJPH[\YH
em Pedagogia
-HσHUVRQ0DUWLQV&RVWD
da Alfabetização (ANA),
<UP]LYZPKHKL,Z[HK\HS7H\SPZ[H
¸1SPV4LZX\P[H-PSOV¹<5,:7 0UÅ\LUJPHTH
-HJ\SKHKLKL*PvUJPHZL
;LJUVSVNPH*HTW\ZKL
Presidente Prudente
Metodologia nos
*\YZVKL3PJLUJPH[\YH
em Pedagogia Anos Iniciais do Ensino
María Julia Diz López
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV Fundamental
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
THYPHQ\SPHKPa'\ZJLZ
INTRODUÇÃO
(K]PUKHZKL\THtWVJHLTX\LVWYPUJPWHSMVJVLYH
TLUZ\YHsqV KV ZHILY TLKPHU[L [LZ[LZ LK\JHJPVUHPZ HZ
H]HSPHsLZ Z\YNPYHT UVZ HUVZ VUKL H JVTWYLLUZqV
KHLK\JHsqVLZL\WHWLSZVJPHSLYHT\P[VLZ[YLP[HLJ\QV
MVJVUqVLYHKHKVHVWYVJLZZVH]HSPH[P]V+LHJVYKVJVT
)HYYL[VL[HSPHZH]HSPHsLZWVZZ\xYHTPUÅ\vUJPH
KHWZPJVSVNPHH[tÄUHSKVZHUVZWVPZHWYVISLTm[PJH
KHLK\JHsqVLZ[H]H]VS[HKHWHYHHHUmSPZLKVPUKP]PK\HS
VUKLHZKPMLYLUsHZKLKLZLTWLUOVLYHTL_WSPJHKHZKV
WVU[VKL]PZ[HIPVWZPJVS}NPJVLHHWYLUKPaHNLTLYHLU[LU
KPKHJVTVHSNVWVZZx]LSHZLYTLUZ\YHKVPUKP]PK\HSTLU[L
1m UVZ HUVZ L JVT H PUÅ\vUJPH KV JHWP[HS
O\THUVLKV[LJUPJPZTVVMVJVKHH]HSPHsqVLYHVWSH
ULQHTLU[V]VS[HKVWHYHHYHJPVUHSPaHsqVKV[YHIHSOVJ\QV
TVKLSV MVYH WYLJVUPaHKV WVY 9HSWO ;`SLY X\L [HTItT
KLMLUKPHX\LOmKPMLYLU[LZTHULPYHZKLZLH]HSPHYHSN\tT
ZLQHWVY![LZ[LZLZJHSHZKLH[P[\KLPU]LU[mYPVZX\LZ[PV
UmYPVZÄJOHZYLNPZ[YVZKLJVTWVY[HTLU[VZL[J
5VZ HUVZ JVT HZ [LVYPHZ JYx[PJVYLWYVK\[P]PZ[HZ
HH]HSPHsqVL_[YHWVSHVZT\YVZLZJVSHYLZLNHUOHHTWSH
KPTLUZqV *VUZ[Y}PZL YLMLYLUJPHPZ X\L JVU[L_[\HSPaHT H
H]HSPHsqV UV ZPZ[LTH LK\JHJPVUHS L UH ZVJPLKHKL TVZ
[YHUKVX\LVZYLZ\S[HKVZWVKLTZ\IZPKPHYHZ[VTHKHZKL
KLJPZLZ9VTWLZLLU[qV\TWHYHKPNTHJSHZZPÄJH[}YPV
LZ\YNLHWYPTLPYHH]HSPHsqVJVTJHYm[LYKPHNU}Z[PJVKV
WYVJLZZVKLLUZPUVHWYLUKPaHNLTTLKPHU[LKPZJ\ZZLZ
TL[VKVS}NPJHZ X\HSP[H[P]HZ L X\HU[P[H[P]HZ LTWYLNHKHZ
WLSHZH]HSPHsLZ
5VZHUVZ LH[tVZKPHZH[\HPZWLYJLILZLX\LH
vUMHZL LZ[m UHZ ]HYPm]LPZ KL WYVJLZZV PZ[V t H H]HSPH
sqVLUX\HU[VKPHS}NPJH]VS[HKHWHYHH[YHUZMVYTHsqVKV
PUKP]xK\VLKVZVJPHSVUKLVVIQL[P]VJLU[YHZLUVKPHN
U}Z[PJVKHZWHY[LZLU]VS]PKHZV\ZLQHKVH]HSPHKVYLKV
H]HSPHKV[VYUHUKVTHPZH\[UVTVLTHPZKLTVJYm[PJVH

YLSHsqVLU[YLVPUKP]xK\VLHZVJPLKHKL(StTKPZZVVIZLY]HZLHH]HSPHsqVJLU[YHKHUHMVYTHsqVKVWYV
MLZZVYLLTZ\HZJVUKPsLZKL[YHIHSOVILTJVTVUVJ\YYxJ\SVUHJ\S[\YHLUHMVYTHJVTVHLZJVSHLZ[m
VYNHUPaHKHKLP_HUKV\TWV\JVKLSHKVVMVJVZVTLU[LUVHS\UVJVTVtVJHZVKH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHS
KH(SMHIL[PaHsqVHWSPJHKHWLSHWYPTLPYH]LaLTLT[VKVV[LYYP[}YPVUHJPVUHSIYHZPSLPYV
3VNVJVTVPU[\P[VKLZLHWYVM\UKHYTHPZZVIYLVJVTVHZH]HSPHsLZKLSHYNHLZJHSHPUÅ\LUJPHT
UHTL[VKVSVNPHKLLUZPUVKLUVZZHZLZJVSHZLZ[LHY[PNVZLVYPNPUHKHWYVWVZ[HKHKPZJPWSPUHKL,Z[mNPV
:\WLY]PZPVUHKV TPUPZ[YHKH UV HUV KV J\YZV KL 7LKHNVNPH KH -HJ\SKHKL KL *PvUJPHZ L ;LJUVSVNPHZ
-*;¶<ULZW*\QV[LTHZLJLU[YHUHYLÅL_qVZVIYLH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVLZ\HZPTWSP
JHsLZUV,UZPUV-\UKHTLU[HS0
7HYH[HU[VVWYLZLU[L[L_[VZLLUJVU[YHKP]PKPKVLT[YvZWHY[LZ!HWYPTLPYHHIVYKHYm\THIYL]LJVU
[L_[\HSPaHsqVOPZ[}YPJHZVIYLH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqV(ZLN\UKHWHY[LHWYLZLU[HYmHPUÅ\LU
JPHKLZZHH]HSPHsqVKLSHYNHLZJHSHUHTL[VKVSVNPHKVLUZPUVM\UKHTLU[HSLWVYS[PTVHZJVUZPKLYHsLZ
ÄUHPZZVIYLV[LTHHIVYKHKV
1. SOBRE A AVALIAÇÃO NACIONAL DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO: contextualização
0UZ[P[\xKHWLSH7VY[HYPHUKLKLQ\SOVKLH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqV¶(5(t\T
JVTWYVTPZZVMVYTHSX\LMVYHHZZ\TPKVQ\U[HTLU[LJVTV7HJ[V5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVUH0KHKL*LY[H
¶75(0*JVTVPU[\P[VKLHZZLN\YHYX\L[VKHZHZJYPHUsHZZLQHTHSMHIL[PaHKHZH[tHJVUJS\ZqVKVJPJSV
KLHSMHIL[PaHsqV5LZ[LZLU[PKVH(5([LTWVYVIQL[P]V]LYPÄJHYVZUx]LPZKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVLSL[YHTLU[V
UHZKPZJPWSPUHZKL3xUN\H7VY[\N\LZHL4H[LTm[PJHKVZLZ[\KHU[LZKVHUVKV,UZPUV-\UKHTLU[HSKHZ
LZJVSHZWISPJHZKL[VKVV[LYYP[}YPVUHJPVUHS
+LJ\UOVJLUZP[mYPVH(5(t\THH]HSPHsqVVIYPNH[}YPHLHWSPJHKHH[VKVZVZHS\UVZYLN\SHYTLU[L
TH[YPJ\SHKVZ UH YLKL WISPJH KL LUZPUV i LSHIVYHKH WLSV 4PUPZ[tYPV KH ,K\JHsqV 4,* LT JVUQ\U[V
JVTV0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[\KVZL7LZX\PZHZ,K\JHJPVUHPZ(UxZPV;LP_LPYH¶05,7ZLUKVLZ[LS[PTVV
YLZWVUZm]LSWLSHJVYYLsqVLWLSHLSHIVYHsqVKVZxUKPJLZVZX\HPZÄJHTKPZWVUx]LPZKLMVYTHVUSPULWHYH
X\LHLX\PWLWLKHN}NPJHILTJVTVVZNLZ[VYLZWVZZHTHUHSPZHYVZKHKVZLHWHY[PYKHHUmSPZLI\ZJHY
Z\IZxKPVZWHYHTLSOVYHYHX\HSPKHKLKVLUZPUVKLZ\HZLZJVSHZ
((5(JVU[HJVTKVPZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZKLH]HSPHsqVZLUKV\TKLSLZVX\LZ[PVUmYPVJVU[L_[\HSKLZ[P
UHKVHVZNLZ[VYLZLHVZWYVMLZZVYLZKH\UPKHKLLZJVSHYLJ\QVMVJVZLJLU[YHUHPUMYHLZ[Y\[\YHUHMVYTH
sqVKVZWYVMLZZVYLZUHNLZ[qVLUHVYNHUPaHsqVKV[YHIHSOVWLKHN}NPJVX\LHLZJVSHWVZZ\PLVMLYLJL
HVZ LZ[\KHU[LZ 1m V [LZ[L KL KLZLTWLUOV I\ZJHY HMLYPY Ux]LPZ KL HSMHIL[PaHsqV L SL[YHTLU[V JVTV
TLUJPVUHKVUVZWHYmNYHMVZHU[LYPVYLZ"V[LZ[LtJVTWVZ[VWVYX\LZ[LZKP]PKPKHZKHZLN\PU[LMVYTH!
3xUN\H7VY[\N\LZH!X\LZ[LZKLTS[PWSHLZJVSOHLX\LZ[LZKLWYVK\sqVLZJYP[H"4H[LTm[PJH!
P[LUZKLTS[PWSHLZJVSOH
,TYLSHsqVHVZUx]LPZKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVWYVK\aPUKPJHKVYLZX\L
H\_PSPHTUVWYVJLZZVKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVJYPHUKVHZZPTJVUKPsLZKLLZJVSHYPKHKLX\LHS\UV[L]LV\UqV
WHYHZLKLZLU]VS]LY[VYUHUKVTHPZMmJPSHHUmSPZLKHZTH[YPaLZKLYLMLYvUJPHZWLSHLX\PWLLZJVSHY
2. INFLUENCIA DA ANA NA METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO NOS ANOS INICIAIS

DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
(]HSPHsqVKLHJVYKVJVT3PIoULVW ¸t\T[LYTVNLYHSX\LKPaYLZWLP[VH\TJVUQ\U[VKL
HsLZ]VS[HKHZWHYHVLZ[\KVZPZ[LTm[PJVKL\TMLUTLUV\THZP[\HsqV\TWYVJLZZV\TL]LU[V\TH
WLZZVH]PZHUKVHLTP[PY\TQ\xaV]HSVYH[P]V¹+LZ[HMVYTHZ\ILU[LUKLZLX\LH[VKVTVTLU[V[LTVZ
Q\xaVZKL]HSVYLZHJLYJHKLHSN\TLSLTLU[VX\LUVZYVKLPHPZ[VtH]HSPHTVZH[VKVPUZ[HU[LZLTX\L
WVZZHTVZWLYJLILYV\UqV
i WVY TLPV KV H[V KL H]HSPHY X\L KL[LYTPUHTVZ X\HS ZLYm V WY}_PTV WHZZV WHYH ZL HSJHUsHY \T
VIQL[P]V,LZ[HKLÄUPsqVUqVZLKPZ[HUJPHKVX\LJVUOLJLTVZZVIYLHH]HSPHsqVUHmYLHKHLK\JHsqV
5VoTIP[VKHLK\JHsqV\[PSPaV\ZLT\P[VHH]HSPHsqVJVTVPU[\P[VKLKLWYLLUKLYZVIYLHHWYLUKPaH
NLTKVLZ[\KHU[LUqVX\LPZZV[LUOHT\KHKVTLZTVWVYX\LUHJVTWYLLUZqVKLT\P[VZWYVMLZZVYLZ
HPKLPHKLH]HSPHsqVLZ[mMVY[LTLU[LSPNHKHnWYV]HHKPaLYX\LTtTLSOVYLX\LTUqVVtLULZ[LJHZV
UVZYLTL[LHTLKPYVJVUOLJPTLU[VKVLZ[\KHU[L
,Z[LJVUJLP[VKLTLUZ\YHYVJVUOLJPTLU[VUqVLZ[mKPZ[HU[LKVZVIQL[P]VZKHZPUTLYHZH]HSPHsLZ
KLSHYNHLZJHSHPZ[VtHWYPUJxWPV[VKHZHZH]HSPHsLZWVZZ\LTVWYVW}ZP[VKLH]LYPN\HYVUx]LSKLKLZLT
WLUOVKVZHS\UVZWHYHX\LZLWVZZHH]HSPHYHX\HSPKHKLKVLUZPUVLTJHKH\THKHZLZJVSHZ7VYV\[YV
SHKVVX\L[LTVZt\TNYHUKLºYHURLHTLU[V»LU[YLHZ\UPKHKLZKLLUZPUVLVX\LKL[LYTPUHZL\TH
LZJVSHtTLSOVYX\LHV\[YHtVxUKPJLHSJHUsHKVUHZH]HSPHsLZKLSHYNHLZJHSH
5VJHZVKH(5(ZLN\UKV+PJRLSW LSH¸WYVK\aLMLP[VZZVIYLVJVU[YVSLKV[YHIHSOVWLKH
N}NPJVLYLMVYsHHYLZWVUZHIPSPaHsqVKHLZJVSHLKVWYVMLZZVYWLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKHLK\JHsqVWISPJHHX\L
[LTKPYLP[VHWVW\SHsqV¹LWHYHHStTKPZZVJ\SWHVWYVMLZZVYWLSVMYHJHZZVKVKPZJLU[LUqV[LYH[PUNPKV
HUV[HULJLZZmYPH6\ZLQHVX\LKL]LYPHZLY\THH]HSPHsqVWH\[HKHUHTLSOVYPHKHX\HSPKHKLJVNUP[P]H
KHZHWYLUKPaHNLUZILTJVTVSL]HYLTJVUZPKLYHsqVVJVU[L_[VLTX\LHLZJVSHLZ[mPUZLYPKHWHYHZL
]HSLYKL\TLZ[\KVNLYHSKVUx]LSKLLUZPUVKLJHKH\THKHZPUZ[P[\PsLZHJHIHWVYZLYJVTWYLLUKPKH
JVTV THPZ \T PUZ[Y\TLU[V WHYH JH[LNVYPaHY HZ KLZPN\HSKHKLZ LU[YL HZ LZJVSHZ V\ JVTV KPa 3PIoULV
Wt
:\IVYKPUHY VZ ZPZ[LTHZ LK\JHJPVUHPZ n LJVUVTPH Qm X\L V UV]V WHYHKPNTH KL WYVK\sqV HZ
UV]HZ[LJUVSVNPHZYLX\LYLT[YHIHSOHKVYLZTHPZX\HSPÄJHKVZJVTTHPZÅL_PIPSPKHKLWYVÄZZPVUHS
WHYHH[LUKLYUV]HZKLTHUKHZKVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOVLJVTTHPZLZWxYP[VLTWYLLUKLKVYWHYH
MHaLYMYLU[LnJVTWL[P[P]PKHKLLJVUTPJHPU[LYUHJPVUHS
+LZ[HMVYTHWLYJLILTVZX\LH(5(ILTJVTV[VKHZHZH]HSPHsLZKLSHYNHLZJHSHUqVZqVMLYYH
TLU[HZWHYHX\LVWYVMLZZVY\Z\MY\HLTZHSHKLH\SHJVTHÄUHSPKHKLKLTLSOVYHYZ\HWYm[PJHKLLUZPUV
THZX\LZ\IQL[P]HTLU[LPU[LYMLYLLTZ\HTL[VKVSVNPH]PZ[VX\LZLZLUqVt[YHIHSOHKVVJVU[LKVJVT
VZHS\UVZKLMVYTHHHSJHUsHYVUx]LSLZWLYHKVUH(]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVVYLZWVUZm]LS
ZLYmVKVJLU[LWVPZJVTVKPa)YHZPSapud +0*2,3W
iZPU[VTm[PJVKVJHYm[LYKHYLZWVUZHIPSPaHsqVPTWSLTLU[HKHWLSH(5(HStTKVMH[VKLZLZ\Z
[LU[HY LT [LZ[LZ KL KLZLTWLUOV H WYL]PZqV KL TLKPKHZ KLZ[PUHKHZ HV YLJVUOLJPTLU[V KVZ
LZMVYsVZYLHSPaHKVZWLSHZLZJVSHZLKLLZ[xT\SVKVHSJHUJLKVVIQL[P]VJLU[YHSKLHSMHIL[PaHY[VKHZ
HZJYPHUsHZH[tVÄUHSKVJPJSVKLHSMHIL[PaHsqV
5LZ[LZLU[PKVH(5(PUK\aLTVUP[VYHVJ\YYxJ\SVX\LZLYmPTWSLTLU[HKVWVPZKLZ[HMVYTHtKLMmJPS
MH]VYLJPTLU[VZLN\UKV)VUHTPUVL:V\aHW¸HTVIPSPaHsqVKHZLX\PWLZLZJVSHYLZWHYHH
TLSOVYPHKHLK\JHsqVILTJVTVHWYLZZqVKVZWHPZLKHJVT\UPKHKLZVIYLHLZJVSH¹
+L]PKV VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ ZLYLT KPZWVUPIPSPaHKVZ WVY TLPV KL IVSL[PT n [VKHZ HZ LZJVSHZ H (]HSPHsqV
5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVKPZWLKL\THZxU[LZLKVZYLZ\S[HKVZKVZKLZLTWLUOVZKVZHS\UVZWHYHX\L
HLZJVSHWVZZHH]HSPHYLYLVYNHUPaHYZ\HZHsLZLLZ[HZZqVKPZWVUPIPSPaHKHZWHYHHJVT\UPKHKLLZJVSHY
WHYHX\LLZ[HHJVTWHUOL[VKVV[YHIHSOVV\ZLQHSL]HUKVnL_WVZPsqVKVZWYVMLZZVYLZKVZ[YvZWYP
TLPYVZHUVZKV,UZPUV-\UKHTLU[HSLTYLSHsqVHVZL\LUNHQHTLU[VQ\U[VHVKLZLTWLUOVKHJYPHUsH
6\[YVWVU[VPTWVY[HU[LZHSPLU[HYtHX\LZ[qVKVWYVQL[VKLMVYTHsqVKLWYVMLZZVYLZILTJVTV\T
WYVQL[VJ\YYPJ\SHYL_WSxJP[VX\LH(5([YHaJVUZPNVWVPZMHaJVTX\LYLÅP[HTVZZVIYLVZPZ[LTHKLYLZWVU
ZHIPSPaHsqV6\ZLQHVWYVMLZZVYZLIHZLPHLTZL\WSHULQHTLU[VKHHsqVWLKHN}NPJHLKHZPUMVYTHsLZ
ZVIYLJHKHLZ[\KHU[LX\LJVTWLZ\H[\YTHWHYHX\LZ\HZHsLZZLQHTJVUJYL[PaHKHZLZL\ZHS\UVZ
WVZZHTHWYLUKLYHX\PSVX\LSOLZtKLKPYLP[V7VY[HU[V]VS[HTVZHVX\LMVYHTLUJPVUHKVUVPUxJPVKV
[L_[VZLVHS\UVUqVHWYLUKL\KHMVYTHJVTVKL]LYPHHJ\SWHYLJHPZVIYLVKVJLU[L:LVKVJLU[LUqV
VZWYLWHYV\KL]PKHTLU[LSVNVHLK\JHsqVUHX\LSHLZJVSHX\LLSLSLJPVUHUqVtKLX\HSPKHKL
7HYH ,Z[LIHU HZ WVSx[PJHZ KL H]HSPHsqV LT SHYNH LZJHSH ]vT KL LUJVU[YV JVT HZ WYm[PJHZ
LZJVSHYLZnZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZHVZX\HPZVZLZ[\KHU[LZZqVZ\ITL[PKVZWVPZHZH[P]PKHKLZ
ZqVLSHIVYHKHZWYPVYPaHUKVHWYLWHYHsqVWHYHVZ[LZ[LZWHKYVUPaHKVZHÄTKLX\LVHS\UV[LUOH\TIVT
KLZLTWLUOV
,UJVU[YHTVZLT-YLP[HZPUKPJHKVYLZX\LUVZHQ\KHTHJVTWYLLUKLYVX\L,Z[LIHUUVZHWYL
ZLU[HWVPZKLHJVYKVJVTLSHHZH]HSPHsLZKLSHYNHLZJHSHLUVJHZVKH(5(JH\ZHT\TPTWHJ[V
HSHYTHU[LWVPZV[LTWVKLH\SHWHYHHWYLWHYHsqVKVZHS\UVZWHYHHZWYV]HZVJVYYLWVYTLPVKLZPT\
SHKVZLKLH\SHZKLYLMVYsVHStTKLWYPVYPaHYHSLP[\YHLHLZJYP[HKVPZWVU[VZJLU[YHPZX\LHZH]HSPHsLZ
KLSHYNHLZJHSHWYP]PSLNPHT
3. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
6 [L_[V LT X\LZ[qV WYVJ\YV\ SL]HU[HY H X\LZ[qV KL JVTV HZ H]HSPHsLZ KL SHYNH LZJHSH WVKLT
PUÅ\LUJPHYUHTL[VKVSVNPHKLLUZPUVKVZHUVZPUPJPHPZ;LUKVJVTVWHYoTL[YVPUPJPHSVMH[VYKHYLZWVUZH
IPSPaHsqVWLSVTH\KLZLTWLUOVKVHS\UVVWYVMLZZVY
7VY[HU[V JVUJS\xTVZ X\L H (5( t WHY[L PU[LNYHU[L KHZ LZ[YH[tNPHZ KVJLU[L WHYH X\L H LZJVSH ZL
ZVIYLZZHPHHVZYHURPUNZLZJVSHYLZILTJVTVHZKLTHPZH]HSPHsLZKLSHYNHLZJHSHWVPZZqVLSHZX\L
KL[LYTPUHTVX\LZLYmHWYLUKPKVV\UqVWLSVZLZ[\KHU[LZ6X\LZLVIZLY]HJVT[VKVLZZLLZ[\KVt
X\LWVY[YmZKLZZHZH]HSPHsLZLKVZKLZLTWLUOVZKHZLZJVSHZLTKL[YPTLU[VZKHX\HSPKHKLKHLK\JH
sqVLZ[qVVZMH[VYLZLJVUTPJVZ0Z[VtHZ(]HSPHsLZKL:PZ[LTHZLZ[qVMVY[LTLU[LSPNHKHZnZHNvUJPHZ
ÄUHUJLPYHZHZX\HPZLZ[qVTHPZPU[LYLZZHKHZUHX\HSPKHKLKHLK\JHsqVLZJVSHYJVTVLZ[YH[tNPHKLv_P[V
KHNSVIHSPaHsqVLJVUTPJHKVX\LUHX\HSPKHKLKLLUZPUVX\LZLYmVMLY[HKHHVZUVZZVZLZ[\KHU[LZ
(StTKPZZV[VKHKLJPZqVHYLZWLP[VKVYLWHZZLKL]LYIHZtMLP[VJVTIHZLLTJYP[tYPVZLJVUTPJVZ
LUqVJVTIHZLUVZVJPHSLUVWLKHN}NPJVKHLZJVSHSVNVZLHPUZ[P[\PsqVUqVH[PUNLZ\HTL[HWVKLYm
ÄJHYZLTVYLJ\YZVV\YLJLIvSVLTTLUVYX\HU[PHV\ZLQHUqVSL]HLTJVUZPKLYHsqVVJVU[L_[VLTX\L
VHS\UVLZ[mPUZLYPKV,WHYHHStTKVWYVISLTHKVYLJ\YZV[LTVZHPUKHVJLYJLHTLU[VKHX\LSLZHS\UVZ
X\LZqVIVUZV\Y\PUZVX\LWVKLYPHSL]HYHLZJVSHLZJVSOLYHX\LSLZX\LMHYqVHH]HSPHsqVWHYHX\LUqV
perca o recurso.
4. REFERÊNCIAS
)VUHTPUV(":V\ZH:A;YvZNLYHsLZKLH]HSPHsqVKHLK\JHsqVImZPJHUV)YHZPS!PU[LYMHJLZ
JVTVJ\YYxJ\SVKHUHLZJVSHEducação e Pesquisa
+PJRLS(((]HSPHsqV5HJPVUHSKH(SMHIL[PaHsqVUVJVU[L_[VKV:PZ[LTHKL(]HSPHsqVKH,K\
JHsqV)mZPJHLKV7HJ[V5HJPVUHSWLSH(SMHIL[PaHsqVUH0KHKL*LY[H!YLZWVUZHIPSPaHsqVLJVU[YVSL
Caderno Cedes
,Z[LIHU4;*VUZPKLYHsLZZVIYLHWVSx[PJHKLH]HSPHsqVKHHSMHIL[PaHsqV!WLUZHUKVHWHY[PYKV
JV[PKPHUVLZJVSHYRevista Brasileira de Educação
-YLP[HZ7-Usos das avaliações externas: concepções de equipes gestoras de escolas da rede
municipal de ensino de São Paulo. 2014. 194f.+PZZLY[HsqV4LZ[YHKVLT,K\JHsqV¶-HJ\SKHKLKL
,K\JHsqV<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:qV7H\SV:qV7H\SV+VJ\TLU[VUqVW\ISPJHKV
3PIoULV 1 * (]HSPHsqV KL ZPZ[LTHZ LZJVSHYLZ L KL LZJVSHZ 0U 1 * 3PIoULV Organização e
Gestão da escola: teoria e práticaW ¡LK.VPoUPH!,KP[VYH(S[LYUH[P]H
Guillén Lamas Valcarce
<UP]LYZPKHKKL(*VY\|H
N\PSSLUSHTHZ'\KJLZ
Factores personales que
KL[LYTPUHUSHHÄSPHJP}U
sindical de los/as
jóvenes en Galicia
Introducción
,SKLZJLUZVLUSHHÄSPHJP}UHSVZZPUKPJH[VZWYV]VJH
X\LLZ[VZWPLYKHUYLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKLULSTLYJHKVSHIV
YHS `H X\L KPZTPU\`LU Z\Z ZLN\PKVYLZ ` HÄSPHKVZHZ 3H
MHS[H KL iKLU[PÄJHJP}U JVU SVZ ZPUKPJH[VZ WVY WHY[L KL SH
WVISHJP}UHJ[P]HOHJLX\LKLZJPLUKHLSPU[LYtZWVYLSSVZ
`LULSJHZVLZWH|VSTmZW\LZ[VX\L[PLULUKPMLYLUJPHZ
T\`ZPNUPÄJH[P]HZJVUYLZWLJ[VHZ\YVSLUV[YVZWHxZLZKL
SH <UP}U ,\YVWLH" WVY LQLTWSV LU +PUHTHYJH -PUSHUKPH
:\LJPH ` 5VY\LNH WHxZLZ L\YVWLVZ JVU TH`VYLZ [HZHZ
KLHÄSPHJP}USVZHJ\LYKVZHSJHUaHKVZLUSHULNVJPHJP}U
JVSLJ[P]H ZVU KLZ[PUHKVZ UPJHTLU[L H Z\Z HÄSPHKVZ LU
LSJHZVKL,ZWH|HSVHJVYKHKVLUSVZJVU]LUPVZJVSLJ[P
]VZHMLJ[HH[VKVZSVZHZHSHYPHKVZ`HZHSHYPHKHZ4\|Va

,SVIQL[P]VWYPUJPWHSKLU\LZ[YV[YHIHQVOHZPKVLZ[\
KPHYSHZP[\HJP}UHJ[\HSKLSHQ\]LU[\KJVUYLZWLJ[VHZ\
HÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSLULS[LYYP[VYPVNHSSLNVLUIHZLHSHPUMVY
THJP}UWYVWVYJPVUHKHWVYSVZ[YLZZPUKPJH[VZTmZYLWYL
ZLU[H[P]VZLUSHHJ[\HSPKHK!<UP}U.LULYHSKL;YHIHQHKV
YLZ<.;*VTPZPVULZ6IYLYHZ**66`*VUMLKLYHJP}U
0U[LYZPUKPJHS.HSLNH*0.;HTIPtUHWHY[PYKLSVVI[LUPKV
KLSJVSLJ[P]VVIQL[VKLU\LZ[YVLZ[\KPV
*VUZPKLYHTVZ X\L SH HÄSPHJP}U ZPUKPJHS KL SH WVISH
JP}UQV]LULU.HSPJPHLZ[mLUKLZJLUZVZPLUKVLZ[H\UH
OPW}[LZPZX\L[PLUL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLM\[\YVLZYLSL]HU[L
ZHILY J\mSLZ ZVU SHZ YHaVULZ KL X\L LZ[V ZLH HZx V KL
SVJVU[YHYPVJ\mSLZZVUSHZJH\ZHZKLX\LLZ[HHÄSPHJP}U
LZ[tH\TLU[HUKVWHYHYLNPZ[YHYSVZW\U[VZM\LY[LZKLLZ[H
YLSHJP}UHU[LWVZPISLZWYVISLTHZHJVY[V`SHYNVWSHaV
+LTHULYHTmZLZWLJxÄJHZLOHWYL[LUKPKVLZ[\KPHY
SH YLSHJP}U HJ[\HS LU[YL SH Q\]LU[\K ` SHZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ
ZPUKPJHSLZ JVTV WYLS\KPV KL SHZ M\[\YHZ YLSHJPVULZ LU[YL
[YHIHQHKVYLZ`[YHIHQHKVYHZ`ZPUKPJH[VZHKLTmZKLPKLU
[PÄJHYSVZMHJ[VYLZX\LPUÅ\`LULUSHHÄSPHJP}UKLSJVSLJ[P]V
Q\]LUPSKLJHYHHHKVW[HYTLKPKHZWHYH[YH[HYLZ[HYLHSP
KHKLULSJHZVKLX\LSVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[LUPKVZUVZHÄY
TLUX\LLZ[HHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSZLLUJ\LU[YHLUKLZJLUZV
VLZ[HUJHKHOLJOVX\LUVLZWVZP[P]VWHYHUPUN\UHKL
SHZKVZWHY[LZ[HU[VHUP]LSNHSSLNVJVTVUHJPVUHS
(ZPTPZTVJVUZPKLYHTVZX\LSHPUMVYTHJP}UYLJVNPKHLULZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLY]PYmWHYHWVZ[LYPVYLZ
LZ[\KPVZ X\L [YH[LU LZ[L MLU}TLUV JVU \UH T\LZ[YH TmZ YLWYLZLU[H[P]H X\L UVZ HWVY[L JVUJS\ZPVULZ
ZVIYL SH YLHSPKHK ZVJPHS KL SVZ ZPUKPJH[VZ ` SH Q\]LU[\K HKLTmZ KL WVKLY HTWSPHY LS mTIP[V [LYYP[VYPHS ZP
M\LYHWYLJPZV
3H YLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHK KL SVZ ZPUKPJH[VZ KLWLUKL KL SVZ YLZ\S[HKVZ X\L VI[LUNHU LU SHZ LSLJJPVULZ
ZPUKPJHSLZ:\TH`VYVTLUVYYLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKKL[LYTPUHYmZ\ZJVTWL[LUJPHZ`KLYLJOVZ[LYYP[VYPHSLZ`
M\UJPVUHSLZWLYTP[PLUKVLZ[HISLJLYZ\JSHZPÄJHJP}ULU!
¶9LWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKHUP]LSLZ[H[HS
¶9LWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKLUSHZJVT\UPKHKLZH\[}UVTHZ
¶9LWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKLUV[YVZmTIP[VZ
,U YLSHJP}U H U\LZ[YV [YHIHQV JVU[L_[\HSPaHKV LU SH *VT\UPKHK (\[}UVTH KL .HSPJPH UVZ PU[LYLZH
KLZ[HJHYX\LSVZZPUKPJH[VZTmZYLWYLZLU[H[P]VZHUP]LSH\[VU}TPJVZVUHX\LSSVZX\L!HJYLKP[LUHSTLUVZ
LSWVYKLSVZKLSLNHKVZKLWLYZVUHSKLSVZYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKLSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZLUSVZJVTP[tZKL
empresa`LUSVZ}YNHUVZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZKLSHZ(KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZWISPJHZZPLTWYLX\LJ\LU[LUJVU
\UTxUPTVKLYLWYLZLU[HU[LZÙVLZ[tUMLKLYHKVZVJVUMLKLYHKVZJVUVYNHUPaHJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZ
KLmTIP[VLZ[H[HS.\xH3HIVYHS7VYLZVOLTVZJVUZ[L_[\HSPaHKVU\LZ[YHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULUSVZ
tres sindicatos mencionados.
2. La función social de los sindicatos.
3HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZJ\TWSLUZ\TPZP}UZVJPHS]LSHUKVWVYSVZKLYLJOVZKLSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZ
`[YHIHQHKVYHZHU[LSVZJHTIPVZKLSHLJVUVTxH`LSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSX\LW\LKHUYLWLYJ\[PYLUSHZJVUKP
JPVULZSHIVYHSLZKLSHWVISHJP}UHJ[P]H:VUPUZ[P[\JPVULZVÄJPHSLZX\L]LSHUWVYLSJHWP[HSO\THUV`X\L
[PLULJVTVPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLHJ[\HJP}UWYPUJPWHSSHULNVJPHJP}UJVSLJ[P]HKVUKLHJ\LYKHUSVTLQVYWHYHZ\Z
YLWYLZLU[HKVZHZJVT\UPJmUKVZLJVUSVZLTWYLZHYPVZ
:LNUSH<UP}U.LULYHSKL;YHIHQHKVYLZ<.;SHZJVTWL[LUJPHZX\L[PLULUSVZZPUKPJH[VZLUMH]VYKL
Z\ZYLWYLZLU[HKVZ`YLWYLZLU[HKHZZVU<.;ZMWW !
¶0UMVYTH[P]HZKLYLJOVKLPUMVYTHJP}UWHZP]H!LZSH[YHUZMLYLUJPHKLPUMVYTHJP}UKLSVZLTWYLZHYPVZH
SVZZPUKPJH[VZWHYHJVUVJLYSVZ[LTHZ[YH[HKVZ0UMVYTLÄUHUJPLYVPUMVYTHJP}U[YPTLZ[YHSKLSLTWSLV
`SHWYVK\JJP}ULUSHLTWYLZHL_[PUJP}UKLJVU[YH[VZLU[YLV[YHZ
¶*VUZ\S[P]HZKLYLJOVKLPUMVYTHJP}UHJ[P]H!PU[LYJHTIPVKLPUMVYTHJP}ULU[YLLTWYLZHYPV`JVTP[tZ
KLLTWYLZHZVIYL\UHKL[LYTPUHKHJ\LZ[P}U:LNULSHY[xJ\SVKLS,Z[H[\[VKLSVZ;YHIHQHKVYLZ!
YLLZ[Y\J[\YHJP}U ` JLZL LU SH WSHU[PSSH" YLK\JJPVULZ KL QVYUHKH" WSHULZ KL MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS"
JVU[YVSHYLS[YHIHQV`Z\VYNHUPaHJP}U"]HSVYHJP}U`WYPTHZLUSVZW\LZ[VZKL[YHIHQVLZ[\KPHUKVLS
[YHIHQVK\YHU[LSHQVYUHKHSHIVYHS"JVUZ\S[HLUJHZVZKLM\ZP}UHIZVYJP}UVTVKPÄJHJP}UKLSZ[H[\Z
Q\YxKPJVKLSHLTWYLZH
¶=PNPSHUJPH`JVU[YVS!ZLIHZHLUSHJHWHJPKHKKLKLU\UJPHKLSVZZPUKPJH[VZHU[L\UHPUZWLJJP}UKL
[YHIHQVVLUSVZ[YPI\UHSLZ
¶7YVJLZHSLZVKLKLU\UJPH!HSHOVYHKLLQLYJLYSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVWPHZKLLZ[HZJVTWL[LUJPHZSVZ
ZPUKPJH[VZ[PLULULSKLYLJOVWVYSL`KLWYV[LNLYSVZKLYLJOVZLPU[LYLZLZKLSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZ`[YHIH
QHKVYHZWVYTLKPVKLWYVJLZVZQ\KPJPHSLZZPM\LZLULJLZHYPV
¶*VSHIVYHJP}U`NLZ[P}UKPYLJ[H!\UHYLSHJP}UKPYLJ[HJVUSHZLTWYLZHZWHYHNLZ[PVUHYSHWYVK\JJP}U
WHY[PJPWHYYLZWL[HUKVSVZJVU]LUPVZJVSLJ[P]VZJVUÄULZZVJPHSLZLUILULÄJPVKLSHWSHU[PSSH`WVY
S[PTVJVSHIVYHYJVUSHZKPYLJ[P]HZLTWYLZHYPHSLZWHYHKL[LYTPUHY`HJ[P]HYTLKPKHZKLJVUJPSPHJP}U
¶5LNVJPHJP}UJVSLJ[P]H!ZLYxHSHJVTWL[LUJPHTmZPTWVY[HU[L\ZHKHWVYSVZZPUKPJH[VZWHYHKLMLUKLY
SVZPU[LYLZLZ`KLYLJOVZKLZ\ZYLWYLZLU[HKHZ`YLWYLZLU[HKVZ0UZ[Y\TLU[VYLJVUVJPKVLUSH*VUZ
[P[\JP}U`SSL]HKVHJHIVTLKPHU[LSVZJVU]LUPVZJVSLJ[P]VZLUSVZJ\HSLZZPUKPJH[VZ`LTWYLZHYPVZ
ZVUSVZ[P[\SHYLZ

¸3VZ KLSLNHKVZ KL WLYZVUHS ` SVZ TPLTIYVZ KLS JVTP[t KL LTWYLZH JVU THUKH[V WYVYYVNHKV UV ZL JVTW\[HYmU H
LMLJ[VZKLKL[LYTPUHYSHJHWHJPKHKYLWYLZLU[H[P]H¹O[[W!^^^LTWSLVNVILZLZN\PH[L_[VN\PHFJV[LUPKVZN\PHF
FFO[T
7tYLa`.VUamSLaWSHZJVUJYL[HULUSHZZPN\PLU[LZ!
¶,QLYJLYJVTVYLWYLZLU[HU[LZHU[LSH(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U7ISPJH
¶7HY[PJPWHYLUSHULNVJPHJP}UJVSLJ[P]H
¶0U[LY]LUPYJVTVPU[LYSVJ\[VYLZKLSHZJVUKPJPVULZKL[YHIHQVHU[LSH(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U7ISPJH
¶7HY[PJPWHYLUSVZZPZ[LTHZUVQ\YPZKPJJPVUHSLZKLZVS\JP}UKLJVUÅPJ[VZSHIVYHSLZ
¶7YVTV]LYLSLJJPVULZWHYHKLSLNHKVZKLWLYZVUHS`JVTP[tZKLLTWYLZH`}YNHUVZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZ
KLSH(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U7ISPJH
¶6I[LULYJLZPVULZ[LTWVYHSLZKLS\ZVKLPUT\LISLZWH[YPTVUPHSLZWISPJVZ
3. La representatividad de los sindicatos y su evolución.
¸3HZYLSHJPVULZSHIVYHSLZLU,ZWH|HZLOHUJVUÄN\YHKVZVIYLSHIHZLKL\UHYLWYLZLU[HJP}UKLSVZ
[YHIHQHKVYLZJLU[YHKHLUSHH\KPLUJPHÙVLUSHWYLZLUJPHHÄSPHJP}U¯HSSmKVUKLOH`HÄSPHJP}UOH`TmZ
YLWYLZLU[HJP}U¹(S}Z7LYL7LYL4VSPUH`=PKHSW ,U[YLSHZ[LUKLUJPHZNLULYHSLZYLJVNPKHZ
LUSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZKLSPUMVYTLZVIYL3HYLWYLZLU[HJP}UZPUKPJHSLU,ZWH|HLSHIVYHKVWVYSVZH\[VYLZ
HU[LYPVYLZWHYH-\UKHJP}U¢KLTH`VZLHÄYTHX\L
**66VI[PLULTLUVZTH`VYxHZJVUMVYTLH\TLU[HLS[HTH|VKLSHLTWYLZHT\`LULZWLJPHSLU
SHZKLTmZKL[YHIHQHKVYLZ<.;`SVZZPUKPJH[VZUHJPVUHSPZ[HZZPN\LU\UHWH\[HZPTPSHYH
SHKL**66H\UX\LTmZHJLU[\HKHLSWYPTLYV`TmZTVKLYHKHSVZZLN\UKVZ7VYZ\WHY[LSVZ
ZPUKPJH[VZNLULYHSLZVI[PLULUTmZTH`VYxHZLUSHZLTWYLZHZKL[HTH|VPU[LYTLKPV*VU[VKV
KLIL[LULYZLWYLZLU[LX\LJVUMVYTLH\TLU[HSHWSHU[PSSHKL\UHLTWYLZHZLYLK\JLSHWVZPIPSPKHK
KLX\L\UHVWJP}UZPUKPJHSVI[LUNHWVYZxZVSHTH`VYxHLULS}YNHUVKLYLWYLZLU[HJP}U\UP[HYPHKL
SVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZW
3HZLSLJJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZJLSLIYHKHZLUOHU]\LS[VHYL]HSPKHYLSSPKLYHaNVKL**66MYLU[LH
Z\YP]HS<.;
**66Z\THIH ¯SVX\LZ\WVULLSKLS[V[HSTPLU[YHZX\L<.;OHJVUZLN\PKV

KLSLNHKVZ3HKPMLYLUJPHLU[YLHTIHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZOH]\LS[VHH\TLU[HY`H
X\LZPLULYHKL KLSLNHKVZHMH]VYKL**66KLLU`KLLU
LUVJ[\IYLKLLZ[LH|VZLLSL]HIHH.VUamSLa
(KPMLYLUJPHKLI\LUHWHY[LKLSHZKLTmZ*VT\UPKHKLZ(\[}UVTHZLU.HSPJPHHTIHZVYNHUPaHJPV
ULZUVHSJHUaHYmULSKLSVZ+LSLNHKVZ
-YLU[L H SH ]VS\U[HYPLKHK KL SH HÄSPHJP}U LU ,ZWH|H LU LS JHZV KL SVZ WHxZLZ LZJHUKPUH]VZ LZ[HY
HÄSPHKVZH\UZPUKPJH[VLZULJLZHYPVWHYHWYV[LNLYZLKLU[YVKLSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSWVYSVX\LZLJYLH\UH
KLWLUKLUJPHKLLZ[HZVYNHUPaHJPVULZWHYH[YHIHQHY`KLMLUKLYZLKLH[HX\LZHKLYLJOVZ`JVUKPJPVULZ
SHIVYHSLZJYLHUKVLUSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZ`SHZ[YHIHQHKVYHZ\UHK\HSPKHKPUKP]PK\HS![YHIHQHKVYKLZ\HJ[P]PKHK
`KLMLUZVYHJ[P]VKLZ\LZ[HUJPHSHIVYHS
,U,ZWH|HUVZLJYLHLZLJVTWYVTPZVLU[YLZPUKPJH[VZ`YLWYLZLU[HKVZHZH\UX\LLZ[VZ]LSHUWVY
SVZPU[LYLZLZKLSJVSLJ[P]VWVYV[YHWHY[LUVZLMVYTHSPaH\UHWV`VX\LSLZKtTmZM\LYaHZWHYHZLN\PY
[YHIHQHUKVLUZ\MH]VYJVTVWVYLQLTWSVZVUSHZHÄSPHJPVULZ`SHZJ\V[HZJVUZPN\PLU[LZLZ[VZLKHLU
NYHUWHY[LWVYSHVWPUP}UZVJPHSX\L[PLULSHZVJPLKHKKLSVZZPUKPJH[VZX\LOHUPKVWLYKPLUKVWVW\SHYPKHK
LUSVZS[PTVZH|VZKLSZPNSV??0HWHY[PYKLSHJYPZPZKLSWYPUJPWHSTLU[L(ZPTPZTVSHZZ\I]LUJPVULZ
X\LYLJPILUSVZZPUKPJH[VZWVYWHY[LKLSNVIPLYUV[HTIPtUKLZJPLUKLUWYV]VJHUKV\UKLZJLUZVKLZ\Z
PUNYLZVZX\LSLZYLZ[HYLJ\YZVZWHYHVWLYHY
3HYLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKKLSVZZPUKPJH[VZLU,ZWH|HLZ[mKVTPUHKHWVYSH<UP}U.LULYHSKL;YHIHQHKVYLZ
<.;`SHZ*VTPZPVULZ6IYLYHZ**66HTIVZZVUSVZX\LJ\IYLUTH`VYP[HYPHTLU[LLSUTLYVKLKLSL
NHKVZWYLZLU[LZLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZ*VTP[tZKL,TWYLZH\UZLNUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZLUSHZLSLJJPVULZ
ZPUKPJHSLZ3HWYLZLUJPHKLV[YVZZPUKPJH[VZUVWHYLJLJYLHY\UHJVTWL[LUJPHWYLVJ\WHU[LWHYHLZ[VZKVZ
NPNHU[LZZPULTIHYNVZLNLULYHLU[YLLSSVZ\UHJVTWL[P[P]PKHKWVY]LYX\PtULZLSZPUKPJH[VJVUTH`VY
YLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKKLSWHxZ-OYLY
3HH\[VYH UVZKPJLX\LLUSVZWYPTLYVZJVUNYLZVZKLSH[YHUZPJP}U**66[LUxHLSTH`VYUTLYV
KLKLSLNHKVZLU[YL ` KVUKLO\IVWYVJLZVZLSLJ[VYHSLZ<.;WHZ}HX\P[HYSLLSSPKLYHaNV
*VTPZPVULZ6IYLYHZPIHWLYKPLUKVJPMYHZHIZVS\[HZ[HU[VLU JVTV TPLU[YHZX\L<.;LTWH
[HIHZ\WVYJLU[HQLLU `SVZ\WLYHIHLU \UH\TLU[HUKVZ\]LU[HQHLU LU\U
3H VWPUP}U KL SH WVISHJP}U HJLYJH KL <.; ` **66 LYH TmZ WVZP[P]H X\L SH KLS YLZ[V KL ZPUKPJH
[VZTPUVYP[HYPVZWVYKPMLYLU[LZYHaVULZ]HSPVZHZWHYH[YHIHQHKVYLZHZ!Z\TH`VYYLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHKHUP]LS
UHJPVUHS TH`VY ÄUHUJPHJP}U WVY LS UTLYV KL HÄSPHKVZ KLIPKV H SH J\V[H KL HÄSPHJP}U ` JVUZLJ\LU[L
TLU[LWVKLYSSL]HYHJHIVHJJPVULZTmZM\LY[LZHSHOVYHKLHYYLNSHYJVUÅPJ[VZLUMH]VYKLSVZPU[LYLZLZ
KLZ\ZYLWYLZLU[HKVZHZ:\HSJHUJLKLHKOLZP}ULYH[HSX\LT\JOVZZPUKPJH[VZUVW\KPLYVUTHU[LULYSH
HÄSPHJP}UHZ\WYVWPHVYNHUPaHJP}UWVYSVZILULÄJPVZ\[PSP[HYPZ[HZJVTLU[HKVZX\LVMYLJxHU"LZ[VJVUJ\LYKH
JVUSHWtYKPKHKLPKLU[PKHKZVJPHSOHJPHSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZJVUZPKLYHKHZJVTVTLYVZHWV`VZ
`HZLZVYLZ
,SZPUKPJH[VUHJPVUHSPZ[HTmZL_P[VZVLUSH*VT\UPKHK(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPHLZSH*VUMLKLYHJP}U0U[LY
ZPUKPJHS.HSLNH*0.X\LUVL_PZ[xHJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKH Z\YNP}KLSHM\ZP}ULU[YLSH*VUMLKLYHJP}U
?LYHSKL;YHIHSSHKVYLZ.HSLNVZ*?;.`SH0U[LYZPUKPJHS5HJPVUHSKVZ;YHIHSSHKVYLZ.HSLNVZ05;.HTIVZ
ZPUKPJH[VZNHSSLNVZX\LPUKLWLUKPLU[LZUVYLJPIxHULSZ\ÄJPLU[LHWV`VWHYHJVUZ[HYJVTVYLWYLZLU[HU[LZ
3HZWVZPIPSPKHKLZWVYSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UZPUKPJH[VNHSSLNVHUP]LSLZ[H[HSZLYxHX\LHTIVZZL\UPLZL
WVYLSIPLUKL.HSPJPH`HZxZ\YNLSH*0.LS KLTHYaVKL JVUZHNYHUKVLSWHJ[VKLHSPHUaHÄY
THKVLU ,Z\UZPUKPJH[VKLJSHZLX\LKLÄLUKLSHPKLU[PKHKUHJPVUHSKL.HSPJPHPU[LNYHKVWVYKVZ
Z\IKP]PZPVULZ!\UHJVTHYJHSJVTW\LZ[HWVY=PNV(*VY\|H:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH3\NV6\YLUZL
7VU[L]LKYH`-LYYVS"`V[YHZLJ[VYPHSJVTW\LZ[HWVYMLKLYHJPVULZ!(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U)HUJH(OVYYV:LN\
YVZ`6ÄJPUHZ*VUZ[Y\JJP}U`4HKLYH,K\JHJP}U0UK\Z[YPH:HS\K:LY]PJPVZ`(SPTLU[HJP}U4HY;L_[PS
`;YHUZWVY[L-.(4,;
3HHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSLUSVZ`SHZQ}]LULZ
,UWHSHIYHZKL;HIVHKLSH W¸¯SHHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSLZ\UMLU}TLUVJVTWSLQVPTWVZPISL
KL HIVYKHY ` ZLY L_WSPJHKV LU Z\ [V[HSPKHK WVY \U TVKLSV ZPTWSL¹ *HKH ZPUKPJH[V KLU[YV KLS [LYYP[VYPV
NHSSLNV[PLULJPMYHZWYVWPHZX\LKP]PKLULUM\UJP}UKLKPMLYLU[LZJYP[LYPVZ!WVYNY\WVZKLLKHKWVYNtULYV
`WVYZLJ[VYLZVMLKLYHJPVULZ,Z[HKP]PZP}UH`\KHH[VTHYTLKPKHZTmZJVUJYL[HZWHYHJHKHNY\WVKL
HÄSPHKVZX\LW\LKLU[LULYWYVISLTm[PJHZJVT\ULZKLU[YVKLZ\NY\WVKLHÄSPHJP}U
Figura 1..YmÄJVHÄSPHJP}U:PUKPJHS1V]LU
Fuente:*0.
;VTHTVZ JVTV LQLTWSV SH PUMVYTHJP}U VI[LUPKH KL SH *VUMLKLYHJP}U 0U[LYZPUKPJHS .HSLNH *0. ,S
NYmÄJVHU[LYPVYJVUZ[HKL[YLZWHY[LZJ\`VZKH[VZZVUYLJVNPKVZWHYHLS!\UHKPZ[YPI\JP}UWVY[YHTVZ
KL LKHK" \UH KPZ[YPI\JP}U WVY NtULYV KLU[YV KL JHKH [YHTV KL LKHK" ` WVY S[PTV \UH KPZ[YPI\JP}U KL
HÄSPHKVZWVY[YHTVZKLLKHKLUJHKH\UVKLSVZZLJ[VYLZLUSVZX\LZLKP]PKLUSHZMLKLYHJPVULZPU[LYUHZ
KLSZPUKPJH[V
,S WVYJLU[HQL KL HÄSPHKVZ ` HÄSPHKHZ KLS NY\WV KL Q}]LULZ TLUVYLZ KL H|VZ LZ T\` IHQV JVU
YLZWLJ[VHV[YVZNY\WVZKLLKHKQ\U[VJVUSVZTH`VYLZKLH|VZPN\HSTLU[L,Z[LKH[VUV
]HYxHLUSHZV[YHZKPZ[YPI\JPVULZUPJHTLU[LLZ[mTmZYLWHY[PKV[VKH]xH
7VYSVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSNtULYVLULSNY\WVKLHÄSPHKVZQ}]LULZ·H\U[YH[mUKVZLKL\UHKPMLYLUJPH
TxUPTH·OH`TmZOVTIYLZ X\LT\QLYLZ,Z[VLZ\UHL]PKLUJPHKLSHIHQHHÄSPHJP}UQ\]LUPS
:LHWYLJPH\UHKPMLYLUJPHKLOVTIYLZTmZLULS[YHTVKLLKHKKLHH|VZ`KL
T\QLYLZ:P[LULTVZLUJ\LU[HSVZZLJ[VYLZLJVU}TPJVZLZLU:LY]PJPVZL0UK\Z[YPHKVUKL
TmZHÄSPHJP}UQV]LUZLJVUJLU[YH3VZPN\LUWVYVYKLU!LUZL|HUaH-.(4;`*VUZ[Y\JJP}U`
4HKLYH
5. Metodología
,SVIQL[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLW\LKL[YH[HYKLZKLKVZW\U[VZKL]PZ[HWVY\USHKVSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZ
ZPUKPJHSLZ ` WVY V[YV LS JVSLJ[P]V LU J\LZ[P}U SH Q\]LU[\K *VUVJLY HTIHZ VWPUPVULZ V Q\PJPVZ ZVIYL SH
HÄSPHJP}U UVZ OH H`\KHKV H LU[LUKLY J\mSLZ ZVU SHZ ]LYKHKLYHZ YHaVULZ KL Z\ KLZJLUZV ` ZP LZ[L ZL
WYVK\JLLUYLHSPKHKVUV
(S[LULYLUJ\LU[HKVZWLYZWLJ[P]HZWYLZ[HUKVLZWLJPHSH[LUJP}UHKL[HSSLZLSLNPTVZ\UHTL[VKVSVNxH
J\HSP[H[P]HX\LUVZOHWLYTP[PKV[LULY\UW\U[VKLWHY[PKHWHYH\UHWVZ[LYPVYPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULUM\UJP}UKL
SHPUMVYTHJP}UYLJVNPKHHWHY[PYKLSHZ[tJUPJHZLSLNPKHZ
9LHSPaHTVZ\UHLU[YL]PZ[HLUWYVM\UKPKHKHSHZ[YLZYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKLSVZ[YLZZPUKPJH[VZTmZYLWYL
ZLU[H[P]VZKL.HSPJPHHU[LZTLUJPVUHKVZYLSHJPVUHKHJVUSHHÄSPHJP}UQV]LU,_WVULTVZLULZ[HJVT\
UPJHJP}UZVSHTLU[LSHPUMVYTHJP}UVI[LUPKHLULS)SVX\L00KLKPJOHLU[YL]PZ[H!¸-HJ[VYLZWLYZVUHSLZX\L
KL[LYTPUHUSHHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZQ}]LULZ¹LULSJ\HSZL[YH[HIHKLYLZWVUKLYHIPLY[HTLU[L
H SH J\LZ[P}U KL J\HSLZ KL SVZ MHJ[VYLZ WYVW\LZ[VZ JVUZPKLYHIHU JVTV MHJ[VYLZ TmZ PUÅ\`LU[LZ LU SH
HÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSKLSVZHZQ}]LULZ/LTVZYLZLY]HKVLSYLZ[VKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UYLSH[P]HHV[YVZMHJ[VYLZ
WHYHV[YV[YHIHQVWVZ[LYPVY
3VZMHJ[VYLZWLYZVUHSLZJ\`VZYLZ\S[HKVZL_WVULTVZM\LYVUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
,SZL_VKLSHWLYZVUH[YHIHQHKVYH
,SUP]LSKLLZ[\KPVZ
3HHÄSPHJP}UWVSx[PJH
3H¸OLYLUJPH¹MHTPSPHYLZHÄSPHKVZ
5\LZ[YVPU[LYtZYLZPKxHLUJVUVJLYLSPTWHJ[VKLKPJOVZMHJ[VYLZLUSHHÄSPHJP}UQV]LU
6. Resultados
3.1. El sexo de la persona trabajadora.
(STHU[LULYZLSHKP]PZP}UZL_\HSKLS[YHIHQV`Z\MYPYSHZJOPJHZWLVYLZJVUKPJPVULZSHIVYHSLZLSNtULYV
PUÅ\`LLUSHHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHSQ\]LUPSKLMVYTHKLZPN\HSLUJHKHZPUKPJH[VLUHSN\UVZLHÄSPHUTmZJOPJHZ`
ZVUTmZHJ[P]HZ**66“a ver a segregación sí que segue a existir e segue a reproducirse, ehh…desde
a propia formación que fai a persoa hasta incluso logo as ocupacións propiamente non, entón os este-
riotipos de xénero se manteñen desde a escola i se siguen reproducindo en en na formación superior,
JVJHSVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSZPN\LLZ[HUKVLZ[YH[PÄJHKVJSHYHTLU[LWVYZL_VPUVYTHSTLU[LUVYTHSTLU[L
digo xa aínda se siguen mantendo maioritariamente ese tipo de componentes, pode ser i temos casos
de traballadoras do…soldadeiras quero dicir, xente que está a soldar pois eso que está no sector naval
que son mulleres pero que pode ser esa, do mesmo xeito que hai matronas que son homes, matróns
non (…) (,"¸LZJ\YPVZVWLYV[VKVZSVZKH[VZKLZLN\PTPLU[VX\LOHJLTVZKLSHHÄSPHJP}UZLN\PTVZ
teniendo más chicas que chicos ,D
3.2. El nivel de estudios.
,SUP]LSKLLZ[\KPVZUVLZ\UMHJ[VYKL[LYTPUHU[LLUSHHÄSPHJP}UZPSVLZLULSLTWSLVH\UX\LJVU
TLUVZPUJPKLUJPHLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKB“ehh… pois… a ver está claro que nós, eso é unha realidade, a maior
WVYJLU[H_LKL_LU[LX\LZLHÄSPHtWVYX\LLZ[m[YHIHSSHUKVLWVYX\L[LU\UWYVISLTHV\SSLHJVU[LJL
un problema, entón é certo que moitas veces sí que eh… se acercan máis pois xente que xa ten un
posto de fai tempo cun (…) digo, a ver, porque a diferencia é que hoxe en día a xente está máis for-
mada” (,); “(…). El tema del nivel de estudios no incide, no incide” ,
/DDðOLDFLŉQSROķWLFD
3VZQ}]LULZZLVYNHUPaHUTmZHWHY[PYKLS4`ZLTV]PSPaHUTmZWVSx[PJH`ZPUKPJHSTLU[L,ULSJHZV
KLSHHÄSPHJP}UH\UZPUKPJH[VUHJPVUHSPZ[HZxX\LPUJPKLSHHÄSPHJP}UWVSx[PJHWVYSHJVPUJPKLUJPHKL]HSVYLZL
PKLVSVNxHKLSHVYNHUPaHJP}UZPUKPJHSB¸HZHÄSPHJP}UZWVSx[PJHZHWHY[PJPWHJP}UWVSx[PJHZxX\L[HTtUL\LZV
sí que creo que é un factor que moita xente lle leva a acercarse ou interesarse por, polos sindicatos e
KLMVYTHYWHY[LKLSLZ[HU[VKLHÄSPHYZLJVTVWHY[PJPWHUKVUHZH¯LZVZxX\LV]L_V¹,); “yo creo
que fue el gran momento del 15M ¿No? En este momento yo creo que hay una participación política de
personas muy jóvenes, te hablo de 17 o sea de ámbito instituto, porque me los encuentro que algunos
están en el instituto ya organizados, organizados políticamente ¿No? Y también a nosotros nos está
llegando jóvenes que ya están organizados políticamente y que también quieren estar organizados
sindicalmente (…) entienden que el sindicato también es útil para esta, como instrumento para cambiar
la sociedad ,D
/DìKHUHQFLDúIDPLOLDUHVDðOLDGRV
3HOLYLUJPHZPLZ\UMHJ[VYKL[LYTPUHU[LLUSHHÄSPHJP}UWVYX\LJVU[YPI\`LHPU[LYPVYPaHYLS]HSVYZVJPHS
KLSVZZPUKPJH[VZKLZKLLKHKLZT\`[LTWYHUHZB¸L\JYLVX\LLZV[HTtUPUÅLTVP[VWVYX\LZxX\LV
ves, e como no fútbol por dicilo de algunha forma” (,"¸LX\LVTHTHZUHJHZHHZTP|HZÄSSHZZVU
muy pequenas pero vamos saben perfectamente o que é a CIGA, saben perfectamente claro entón…
SVNV[PSV_PJHTLU[LWVKLZKLZ]PHY[LKPZVLTLWVKLZHSPY\UOHÄSSHWLWLYH¯,D
7. Conclusiones
3HJVUJS\ZP}UWYPUJPWHSLZX\LSHKLJPZP}UKLHÄSPHYZLH\UZPUKPJH[VLZPUKP]PK\HS`WLYZVUHSH\UX\L
L_PZ[HUMHJ[VYLZL_[LYUVZX\LHMLJ[LUHLZ[HKLJPZP}USHWYVIHIPSPKHKH\TLU[HWVYJPLY[VZMHJ[VYLZKLSH
]PKHKLSHWLYZVUH,Z[HJHZ\xZ[PJH]PLULKL\UJVUZLUZVLU[YLSHZVWPUPVULZYLJVNPKHZHSVZZPUKPJH[VZ
TLKPHU[LSHZLU[YL]PZ[HZ`HSVZHZQ}]LULZLULSNY\WVKLKPZJ\ZP}U
3H ]HSVYHJP}U KL SHZ YLWYLZLU[HU[LZ ZPUKPJHSLZ ZL [YHK\JL LU \U JVUZLUZV HJLYJH KL \UH ZLYPL KL
MHJ[VYLZX\LHZ\Q\PJPV[PLULUTH`VYWLZVLUSHKLJPZP}UKLHÄSPHYZLJVTVWVYLQLTWSVSHZZP[\HJPVULZ
WLYZVUHSLZKLYP]HKHZKL\UHZP[\HJP}USHIVYHSKL[LYTPUHKHLSPU[LYtZOHJPHSHWVSx[PJH`Z\HJ[P]PKHK`SH
JLYJHUxHKLSHZVYNHUPaHJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZLULSKxHHKxHKLSHWLYZVUH
,SYLZ[VKLMHJ[VYLZWLYZVUHSLZUVJ\LU[HJVUSHTPZTHW\U[\HJP}UWVYWHY[LKLJHKHYLWYLZLU[HU[L
HZLN\YHUKVX\LKLWLUKLUKLSHHJ[P]PKHK`ZP[\HJP}UKLZ\ZPUKPJH[VSVJ\HSLZJ\YPVZV`HX\LUVKLILYxH
OHILYKPMLYLUJPHZT\`ZPNUPÄJH[P]HZH\UX\LLZ[HZW\LKLUKHYZLWVYSHZKPMLYLUJPHZLULSWLYÄSKLSHZWLY
ZVUHZYLNPZ[YHKHZLUJHKH\UVKLSVZZPUKPJH[VZ,ULZ[LZLU[PKVSHZKPMLYLUJPHZ]PLULUKHKHZLULSNtULYV
`LSUP]LSKLLZ[\KPVZKLSHQ\]LU[\KHÄSPHKHVLUJVU[HJ[VJVUJHKHZPUKPJH[V`HX\LtZ[HZHÄYTHU[LULY
HÄSPHKVZHZ KL [VKHZ SHZ LKHKLZ ` JVU KPMLYLU[LZ UP]LSLZ KL MVYTHJP}U X\L JVUZLJ\LU[LTLU[L VJ\WHU
KPMLYLU[LZ[PWVZKLW\LZ[VZSHIVYHSLZ
(S}Z9"7LYL1)"7LYL1"4VSPUH6`=PKHS:3HYLWYLZLU[HJP}UZPUKPJHSLU,ZWH|H4HKYPK!
-\UKHJP}U ¢ KL TH`V 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[W!^^^TH`VJJVVLZUV]HÄSLZ3PIYV9LWYLZLU
[HJPVUWKM
-OYLY0 3VZZPUKPJH[VZLU,ZWH|H4HKYPK,ZWH|H!*VUZLQV,JVU}TPJV`:VJPHS
.HYJxH1KLKPJPLTIYLKL**66NHUHSHZLSLJJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZ`H\TLU[HZ\]LU[HQHZVIYL
<.;79LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^HIJLZLJVUVTPHHIJPJJVVNHUHLSLJJPVULZZPUKPJHSLZ`H\
TLU[H]LU[HQHZVIYL FUV[PJPHO[TS.
4PUPZ[LYPVKL,TWSLV`:LN\YPKHK:VJPHS.\xH3HIVYHS9LJ\WLYHKHKLO[[W!^^^LTWSLVNVILZ
LZ.\PH[L_[VN\PHFJVU[LUPKVZN\PHFFFO[T
4\|Va 3 3VZ ZPUKPJH[VZ LU ,ZWH|H! IHQH HÄSPHJP}U WVJH YLWYLZLU[H[P]PKHK Los Replicantes
VUSPUL 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[WZ!^^^SVZYLWSPJHU[LZJVTHY[PJ\SVZZPUKPJH[VZIHQHHÄSPHJPVUWVJHYL
WYLZLU[H[P]PKHK
7tYLa9`.VUamSLa1*-VYTHJP}U`6YPLU[HJP}U3HIVYHS4HKYPK!7HYHUPUMV
:PT}U/¦8\tKL[LYTPUHSHHÄSPHJP}UHSVZZPUKPJH[VZLU,ZWH|H&Revista del Ministerio de Tra-
bajo y Asuntos Sociales
;HIVHKLSH6 3HHÄSPHJP}UZPUKPJHS!OHJPH\UHHWYV_PTHJP}UKLSZPZ[LTHKLYLWYLZLU[HJP}UKL
intereses en el sindicalismo español contemporáneo;LZPZPUtKP[HKLKVJ[VYHKV<UP]LYZPKHK*VT
WS\[LUZLKL4HKYPK4HKYPK
<.; (UKHS\JPH ZM -\UJPVULZ KL SVZ YLWYLZLU[HU[LZ KL SVZ [YHIHQHKVYLZ 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[W!^^^
M\KLWHVYNM\KLWH^LI(J[P]PKHKLZ-4LKPH-\UJ9LWYLZLU[HU[LZWKM

4. DESENVOLVIMENTO E HUMANIDADE
Mª del Carmen Gutiérrez Moar
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
El Desarrollo
TKLSJHYTLUN\[PLYYLa'\ZJLZ
Teresa Mª Gutiérrez Moar
Emocional Humano:
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H Un Aprendizaje
[L[LTHN\[PLYYLa'NTHPSJVT
para La Vida
Introducción
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKOHISHYKLKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISL®OH
HSJHUaHKV \UH NYHU UV[HIPSPKHK LU LS SLUN\HQL WVSx[PJV
LJVU}TPJV`ZVJPHSHUP]LSNSVIHS`HWLZHYKLX\L[YH[HKL
KHYYLZW\LZ[HH\UHHTLUHaHWLSPNYVKLHJ[P]PKHKLZX\L
KH|HUHSHO\THUPKHK`HZLHJVU[HTPUHUKVZVIYLL_WSV
[HUKVVH\TLU[HUKVSHKLZPN\HSKHKZVJPHSJVUKLUHUKVH
SHTH`VYxHKLSHWVISHJP}UHSHWVIYLaHLSHZWLJ[VLTV
JPVUHSLZLSNYHUVS]PKHKV
(\UX\LX\LLSKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLUHJLKLSHULJL
ZPKHKKLKHYYLZW\LZ[HHSHZHTLUHaHZ`VWLSPNYVZX\L
HZVSHUHSHO\THUPKHKLSKLZHYYVSSVLTVJPVUHSZVSVLZ[m
PTWSxJP[V LU SH IZX\LKH KL WHa ` WYVZWLYPKHK WVY LSSV
LZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UOHJLOPUJHWPtLUSHULJLZPKHKKLMVY
THJP}UX\LPU[LNYLSVJVNUP[P]V`SVLTVJPVUHSWHYHX\L
SHZ WLYZVUHZ W\LKHU HJJLKLY H Z\ WYVWPH JVUZ[Y\JJP}U
KL MLSPJPKHK WHY[PJPWHUKV LU SH YLK\JJP}U KL JVUÅPJ[VZ
`V WYVISLTHZ X\L Z\MYL SH O\THUPKHK HZx JVTV HJ[\HY
KLZKLSHWYL]LUJP}UÙVZVSVKLZKLSHPU[LY]LUJP}U
9LÅL_P}UZVIYLLS+LZHYYVSSV,TVJPVUHS/\THUV!
Un aprendizaje para la vida
,S [tYTPUV LTVJP}U L[PTVS}NPJHTLU[L WYVJLKL KLS

SH[xUexmovereX\LPTWSPJHTV]LYOHJPHM\LYH)HYYHNmU
4VYHSLZ)LYPJH[)PZX\LYYH9VKYxN\La
:\[PSJVUSVJ\HSUVZWYLKPZWVULHHJ[\HY"WLYVSH
YLZW\LZ[H]HHKLWLUKLYKLSHZP[\HJP}UZVJPVHTIPLU[HS
JVUJYL[HKL[HSTVKVX\LSHZYLSHJPVULZLU[YLSHWLYZVUH`
LSHTIPLU[L]HUJHTIPHUKVHSSHKVKLSHZLTVJPVULZX\L
JVTWHY[LU`HLZ[HZS[PTHZSVZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ)LYPJH[
*O}SPaSLOHUV[VYNHKVKPMLYLU[LZM\UJPVULZ
JVTVZVUSHTV[P]HKVYHHKHW[H[P]HPUMVYTHKVYH`ZVJPHS
3HX\LTmZPUÅ\`LLU\UWYPUJPWPVLUSHJVUZLJ\JP}UKLS
KLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLLZSHHKHW[H[P]HWVYZ\MHJPSP[HJP}U
KLS LX\PSPIYPV Z\QL[VLU[VYUV HIHYJHUKV \U WYVJLZV X\L
JVUZ[H KL J\H[YV MHZLZ VYNHUPaHKHZ SPULHSTLU[L! HU[PJP
WHJP}UWYV]VJHJP}UYL]LSHJP}U`YLZ\S[HKVZ3HWYPTLYH
UVZWLYTP[L]LYLSWLSPNYVKLSHZHJJPVULZJVU[HTPUHU[LZ
ZVIYL_WSV[HJP}U ` WVIYLaH WYV]VJHKHZ ZLN\UKH WVY
SHZTHSHZHJJPVULZKLSZLYO\THUVÙVZYL]LSH[LYJLYH
X\LZPJVU[PU\HTVZJVULSSHZUVZLZ[HTVZJHYNHUKVSHZ
NLULYHJPVULZ M\[\YHZ HS UV WVKLY NVaHY KL \U LU[VYUV
ZHS\KHISL ,S YLZ\S[HKV J\HY[H LZ SH JYLHJP}U KL WVSx[PJHZ VYNHUPaHJPVULZ ` LZ[YH[LNPHZ LK\JH[P]HZ KL
KLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLX\LL_PNLU\UKLZHYYVSSVZVJPVLJVU}TPJVTmZO\THUVKVUKLKLILYmUHJ[\HYLS
MHJ[VYLTVJPVUHS`JVNUP[P]VKLMVYTHJVUJVTP[HU[LLUHYHZKLLZLKLZHYYVSSVPU[LNYHSKLSVZZ\QL[VZJVU
WYHNTm[PJHZX\LMYLULUJVYYPQHUVIZ[mJ\SVZ`SPTP[HJPVULZX\LWVUNHULUYPLZNVLSKLZHYYVSSV]P[HSKLSH
O\THUPKHK
:L[YH[HKLX\LSHZNLULYHJPVULZHJ[\HSLZWYLZLU[LUZH[PZMHJJP}UZPUJVTWYVTL[LYLSKPZMY\[LKLSHZ
NLULYHJPVULZM\[\YHZ`JVU]LY[PYSVLULSWYPUJPWPVYLJ[VYKLSKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISL5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ
<ULZJV<ULZJV<UPJLM`6_MHT0U[LYT}UJ\`VVYPNLULZMY\[VKL\UHLTVJP}UKL
WLSPNYVKLMLUZH`Z\WLY]P]LUJPHX\LOHWYVW\LZ[VLSJHTIPV[YHUZMVYTHJP}UTVKPÄJHUKVU\LZ[YVWLU
ZHTPLU[VJYLHUKVU\L]HZHJ[\HJPVULZX\LOHUW\LZ[VKLYLSPL]L\UHULJLZHYPHWYHNTm[PJHX\LJVUSSL]L
SHJVUZLJ\JP}UKLLX\PSPIYPVJVTW\LZ[HWVYSHPU[LYHJ[\HJP}UKLSH[LYUHWLUZHYZLU[PY`HJ[\HYYHa}U
JVYHa}U`]VS\U[HKWHYHHJ[\HY,Z[HLTVJP}UKLWLSPNYV4\SZV^[HTIPtUSSL]HPTWSxJP[HSHSHIVY
PUMVYTH[P]HLU[YHUKV`HLUSHKPTLUZP}UZVJPHSKLSHZLTVJPVULZSHZJ\HSLZWLYTP[LUPU[LYJVT\UPJHYUVZ
LPUÅ\PYUVZWHYHWVKLYOHJLYWSH\ZPISLLSJHTIPV(\UX\LSVZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZJVTV*O}SPa ÀLYWH
SLOHUKHKVTmZPTWVY[HUJPHHSHM\UJP}UHKHW[H[P]HVÄSVNLUt[PJHKLSHZLTVJPVULZ[HTIPtULZ[m
WYLZLU[LSHVU[VNLUt[PJHW\LZ[VX\LSHZWLYZVUHZULJLZP[HTVZJVVYKPUHYUVZJVUV[YHZLULZ[LWYVJLZV
KLKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLLULSX\LPU[LY]PLULUJVUZ[HU[LTLU[LSHZLTVJPVULZ`WY\LIHKLLSSVKLJPYX\L
HU[L SH JVU[HTPUHJP}U ZVIYLL_WSV[HJP}U L_WSV[HJP}U SHIVYHS OHTIYL WVIYLaH KLZPN\HSKHK L_WLYP
TLU[HTVZLTVJPVULZULNH[P]HZJVTV[YPZ[LaHKPZN\Z[VPYHLUMHKV]LYNLUaHWLSPNYVJ\SWHHTLUHaH
PUZLN\YPKHKWYLVJ\WHJP}U``HU[LSHS\JOHWHYHLYYHKPJHYSHZ]P]LUJPHTVZHTVYJVTWHZP}ULZWLYHUaH
VW[PTPZTVJVUÄHUaHZLN\YPKHKHS[Y\PZTVMLSPJPKHKZVSPKHYPKHK
7VY[VKVLSSVWVKLTVZKLK\JPYLSJHYmJ[LYM\UJPVUHSKLSHZLTVJPVULZSHZJ\HSLZHZ\]La[PLULU
PUÅ\LUJPH LU SVZ WYVJLZVZ JVNUP[P]VZ X\L MVYTHU WHY[L KLS HWYLUKPaHQL JVTV SH WLYJLWJP}U H[LUJP}U `
TLTVYPHYHaVUHTPLU[VJYLH[P]PKHK`YLZVS\JP}UKLJVUÅPJ[VZ.HYJxH9L[HTH"3L}U`PLYLPYH
3VNH[[4VSLPYV6[LYV`5PL]LZ
,UYLZ\TLULS KLZHYYVSSVLTVJPVUHS O\THUVLZ \U HWYLUKPaHQL WHYH SH ]PKH )PZX\LYYHX\L
JVTWSLTLU[H HS PU[LSLJ[\HS KVUKL JVUÅ\`LU SH TV[P]HJP}U HKHW[HJP}U PUMVYTHJP}U ` ZVJPHSPaHJP}U LU
HYHZ KL \U LX\PSPIYPV PU[YHPU[LYWLYZVUHS JLU[YHKV LU SH JVVWLYHJP}U T\UKPHS ` H`\KH T\[\H LU[YL Z\Z
OHIP[HU[LZWHYHJVUZ[Y\PY\ULZWHJPVZVJPVWVSx[PJVLJVU}TPJV`LTVJPVUHSTmZO\THUV`X\LUVZVSV
SVKPZMY\[LTVZLULSWYLZLU[LZPUV[HTIPtUSHZNLULYHJPVULZ]LUPKLYHZ(ZLN\YHY\UWYLZLU[L`\UHWYVZ
WLJ[P]H X\L KPZWVUNH KL SH JYLHJP}U ` JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KL \U \UP]LYZV X\L L]VS\JPVUH JVU WYmJ[PJHZ KL
KLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLLÄJPLU[LNHYHU[LZKLSIPLULZ[HYKLSHO\THUPKHKHSHYNVWSHaVX\LZL]H`HNLZ[HUKV
LU\UJVU[L_[VNSVIHSKLTL[HZSHZJ\HSLZZPLTWYLKV[LUKL]HSVYWVZP[P]VHSH]PKHMVYTHUKVWHY[LKL
\UWYV`LJ[V]P[HSX\LPTWSPX\LUVZVSV\UHYLVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSZPUV[HTIPtU\UHVYPLU[HJP}UWHYHLS
KLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`ZVJPVLTVJPVUHSHYT}UPJVJVULSTLKPVZVJPVUH[\YHSKPZWVUPLUKVKLTL[HZ\UPÄJH
KVYHZJVU\UVIQL[P]VJVTUKVUKLSVZZ\QL[VZ\UPÄJHUZ\ZHJJPVULZLU\UJVU[L_[VNSVIHSX\LKLUV[H
ZLU[PKV`JVUJPLUJPHKLJVU[YVSZVIYLSHWYVWPH]PKHWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHS,Z[LVIQL[P]V\UPÄJHKVYKLHSJHUaHY
LSKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLKHZPNUPÄJHKVHU\LZ[YHZ]PKHZWVYX\LHKLTmZKLVMYLJLYVIQL[P]VZLZWLJxÄJVZ
JSHYVZUVZV[VYNHWH\[HZKLHJ[\HJP}UZHS\KHISLZ
,SKLZHYYVSSVLTVJPVUHS4\SZV^KLILTVZLU[LUKLYSVJVTV\UJVTWSLTLU[VKLSKLZHYYVSSV
JVNUP[P]VMVYTHUKV\UIPUVTPVPUZLWHYHISLLULSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHWLYZVUHSPKHKPU[LNYHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZ`
ULJLZHYPVWHYHHMYVU[HYJ\HSX\PLYYL[VX\LZLWSHU[LLLUSH]PKHJVTVLZ[LX\LUVZHZPZ[LLULZ[HJVT\UP
JHJP}U`J\`VWYVW}ZP[VLZLSIPLULZ[HYLTVJPVUHSWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHSUVZVSVLULSTVTLU[VWYLZLU[LZPUV
TPYHUKVOHJPHLSM\[\YV`HX\LZL[YH[HKL\UHPU]LYZP}UX\LJHWHJP[HH[VKVZSVZZ\QL[VZWHYHX\LHKVW[LU
JVTWVY[HTPLU[VZKVUKL[LUNHUJHIPKHWYPUJPWPVZJVTVPU[LY]LUJP}UWYL]LUJP}U`KLZHYYVSSVO\THUV
,USHTLKPKHLUX\L[YHIHQHTVZWVY\UKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISL`LZ[HISLJLTVZSHaVZKL\UP}UJVUSHZ
V[YHZWLYZVUHZLZ[HTVZLULSJHTPUVWHYHTLQVYHYSHJHSPKHKKL]PKH`KPZMY\[HYKLSIPLULZ[HYZ\IQL[P]V
WLYZVUHS ` ZVJPHS :L [YH[H KL L_WLYPTLU[HY WHZP}U LQLYJP[HUKV IPLU LS [YHIHQV WVZPIPSP[mUKVUVZ YLHSPaHY
JVZHZYLSL]HU[LZLUSH]PKH`X\LKPJOHZLTVJPVULZZLHUWLYTLHISLZLULSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VWYVMLZPVUHS
,S[YHIHQV`SHZYLSHJPVULZZVJPHSLZZVUKVZMHJ[VYLZLZLUJPHSLZWHYHWVKLYL_WLYPTLU[HYJHSPKHKKL]PKH
WVYX\LHKLTmZKL\ULZWHJPVZHS\KHISLZLULJLZP[HKLSHMLJ[V`KLSHHWYVIHJP}UKLSVZKLTmZWHYH
YLJVUVJLYUVZMLSPJLZ"H\UX\LLUSH]PKHUVZLZMVYJLTVZWVY[YHIHQHYT\ÌPLUWVYJH\ZHZQ\Z[HZÙLJLZH
YPHZUVZPLTWYLVI[LULTVZt_P[VLUSVZYLZ\S[HKVZ"[LUPtUKVUVZX\LLUMYLU[HYHZP[\HJPVULZUVZVSVWLSP
NYVZHZZPUV[HTIPtUMY\Z[YHU[LZPUJLUKPVZZLX\xHZJVUKPJPVULZSHIVYHSLZWtZPTHZPU\UKHJPVULZWLYV
OH`X\LHMYVU[HYSHZJVUOHIPSPKHKLZ[tJUPJHZZPUVS]PKHYSHZLTVJPVUHSLZ(WLZHYKLX\LLZ[HZW\LKHU
WYV]VJHY\UM\LY[LPTWHJ[VLTVJPVUHSUV[LUKYmUX\LKPZTPU\PYUPZVJH]HYUPLSt_P[VUPSHMLSPJPKHK]LUPKL
YHZHSHYNVWSHaVWVYX\LLSWYVWPVLZM\LYaVKLHMYVU[HYSV[PLULX\LWVULYLS]HSVYLULSWYVJLZVTLKPH[V`
UVLULSt_P[VJVY[VWSHJPZ[H`VPUTLKPH[V"W\LZZPWVULTVZSHH[LUJP}ULULSWYVJLZVÙVLULSWYVK\J[V
VYLZ\S[HKVL_P[VZVUVYmWPKVZLN\PTVZJVUZLY]HUKVSHJHWHJPKHKKLKPZMY\[HYWSLUHTLU[LKLSH]PKH
:LULJLZP[HJVYHQL`YLZPZ[LUJPHWHYHYLZWVUKLYHSHZHTLUHaHZHU[LYPVYTLU[LJP[HKHZ[YHUZMVYTmU
KVSHZ LU YL[VZ X\L ZL HZ\THU JVTV JVTWYVTPZVZ LZ KLJPY S\JOHY WVY \U T\UKV TLQVY WHYH [VKVZ
[LUPLUKVZPLTWYLWYLZLU[LZSHZHJJPVULZKLJVU[YVS`KPZMY\[LLU[VKVLSWYVJLZV7HYHX\LLZ[VHJVU[LaJH
VZ\JLKHKLILTVZJVU[HYJVU[YLZLSLTLU[VZX\LUVZWLYTP[HUHIVYKHYJVUt_P[VM\[\YVSHZZP[\HJPVULZ
KLYPLZNV!
(\[VJVUÄHUaH!:LN\YPKHKLUZxTPZTV
([LUJP}U!,UMVJHYSHH[LUJP}ULULST\UKVX\LUVZYVKLH
*YLH[P]PKHK!+LZJ\IYPTPLU[VKLUV]LKVZHZZVS\JPVULZ
3HZVS\JP}UL_P[VZHKLSHZHTLUHaHZUVZLJLU[YHLULSILULÄJPVL_[YxUZLJVZPUVX\L`HWVZLL\UH
ÄUHSPKHK`]HSVYPU[YxUZLJVW\LZ[PLULU\UÄULUZxTPZTV`HX\LSHHZ\UJP}UKLSVZYL[VZHTLUHaHZ
ZVU ]P]PKHZ JVTV VWVY[\UPKHKLZ WHYH SH HJJP}U ` LS JHTIPV WVZP[P]V YLZPSPLUJPH 7HYH LS KLZHYYVSSV KL
LZ[H JVTWL[LUJPH SSHTHKH YLZPSPLUJPH ZL ULJLZP[H MVYTHJP}U X\L WLYTP[H HKX\PYPY KPJOHZ OHIPSPKHKLZ `
LSSVPTWSPJHSHULJLZPKHKKL\UHWVSx[PJHLK\JH[P]HHSYLZWLJ[VX\LUVZVSVHIVYKLSVJVNUP[P]VKLÄUPJP}U
KLKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISL[YHIHQVKPNUVKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZPUV[HTIPtUSVLTVJPVUHSH\[VJVUÄHUaH
H\[VLZ[PTHH\[VJVU[YVSTV[P]HJP}UYLZPSPLUJPHVW[PTPZTVMLSPJPKHK`HX\LLZ[HWLYTP[LLSSVNYVKL
VIQL[P]VZ`HZWPYHJPVULZKLMVYTHWYVJLZ\HSJVU\UxUKPJLIHQVKLMYHJHZVZWVYX\LZPHSNVZHSLTHSUVZL
HIHUKVUHZL]\LS]LHLTWLaHYYLZPSPLUJPH`LZ[HLZSH]xHWHYHSHMLSPJPKHKNYHJPHZHX\LZLL_WLYPTLU[H
H\[VYYLHSPaHJP}UWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHS
3HZWLYZVUHZX\LZLWYLVJ\WHU`ZLJVTWYVTL[LUZLUZPISLTLU[LHU[LSVZWYVISLTHZX\LHX\LQHUH
SHO\THUPKHK`ZLLZM\LYaHULUJVU[YPI\PYHZVS\JPVUHYSVZLZ[mUZLTIYHUKVLSJHTPUVX\LJVUK\JLHSH
MLSPJPKHKW\LZWHY[PJPWHULUSHJYLHJP}UKL\UT\UKVTLQVY
,Z[HZWLYZVUHZNVaHUKLJPUJVJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZZVJPVLTVJPVUHSLZLPU[LSLJ[\HSLZSHZJ\HSLZKLÄUPTVZ
HJVU[PU\HJP}U!
,X\PSPIYPVLUSH[LYUHWLUZHYZLU[PY`HJ[\HY
(J[P]PKHK!6J\WHYZLLU]LaKLWYLVJ\WHYZL
(ZLY[P]PKHK!:LY\UVTPZTVJVUYLZWL[VOHJPHSVZV[YVZ
6W[PTPZTV`YLZPSPLUJPH!7LUZHTPLU[VWVZP[P]V`ZLU[PYSVZMYHJHZVZJVTVVWVY[\UPKHKLZ
:VSPKHYPKHK!(J[P]PZTVZVJPHS
Conclusiones
7HYHJVUJS\PYLZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UOHJLOPUJHWPtLUSHULJLZPKHKKL\UHMVYTHJP}UX\LPU[LNYLSVJVNUP
[P]V`SVLTVJPVUHSJVTVZPM\LYHUSHJHYH`JY\aKL\UHTPZTHTVULKHWVZPIPSP[HUKVH[VKHZSHZWLYZVUHZ
LSHJJLZVHSJHTPUVKLSHMLSPJPKHKW\KPLUKVWHY[PJPWHYLUSHYLZVS\JP}UKLJVUÅPJ[VZ`VWYVISLTHZX\L
HMLJ[LUHSHO\THUPKHKHZxJVTVLSWVKLYKLHJ[\HYUVZVSVKLZKLSHPU[LY]LUJP}UZPUV[HTIPtUKLZKL
SHWYL]LUJP}U
,S[YHIHQVKPNUV`LSLTWSLVZ\Z[LU[HISLZL[YHIHQHUVYKPUHYPHTLU[LKLZKLSHWVSx[PJHVYNHUPaHJPVULZ
M\UKHJPVULZ`KPMLYLU[LZTLKPVZJVT\UP[HYPVZ`TmZIPLUKLZKL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HLJVU}TPJH`HKTPUPZ[YH
[P]HWVYLZVKLZKLU\LZ[YHHWVY[HJP}UYLJSHTHTVZSHULJLZPKHKKLPUJPKPYLULSHZWLJ[VLTVJPVUHSZHS\K
WLYZVUHS`ZVJPHSJVTVNHYHU[xHKL\U]LYKHKLYVKLZHYYVSSVPU[LNYHS
(Y[LHNH+5,S+LZHYYVSSVO\THUV`SHNLULYHJP}UKLJHWHJPKHKLZRevista Diálogos
(ZVJPHJP}U,SPZHIL[OK»6YUHUV¦8\tLZSHLK\JHJP}ULTVJPVUHS&Guía breve de educación emo-
cional para familiares y educadores4HKYPK!(\[VY
)HYYHNmU,Z[YHKH(9 4VYHSLZ4HY[xULa*07ZPJVSVNxHKLSHZLTVJPVULZWVZP[P]HZ!.LULYHSP
KHKLZÌLULÄJPVZEnseñanza e Investigación en Psicología
)LYPJH[ , ,TVJPVULZ Sociopedia.isa 9LJ\WLYHKV LU O[[W!^^^ZHNLW\IUL[PZH
YLZV\YJLZWKM,TVJPVULZWKM
)PZX\LYYH9Educación Emocional y bienestar)HYJLSVUH!7YH_PZ
)PZX\LYYH9,K\JHJP}U,TVJPVUHS`JVTWL[LUJPHZImZPJHZWHYHSH]PKHRevista de Investigación
Educativa
)PZX\LYYH9 7tYLa53HZJVTWL[LUJPHZLTVJPVUHSLZEducación XXI
)PZX\LYYH9 7tYLa5,K\JHJP}ULTVJPVUHSLZ[YH[LNPHZWHYH\UHW\LZ[HLUWYmJ[PJHRevista de
la Asociación de Inspectores de Educación de España
*O}SPa4VU[H|tZ4 3HL_WYLZP}UKLSHZLTVJPVULZLUSHVIYHKL+HY^PU,U-;VY[VZH**P]LYH
`**HSH[H`\K*VTWZPrácticas de Historia de la Psicología WW=HSLUJPH!7YVTVSPIYV
*O}SPa4VU[H|tZ47ZPJVSVNxHKLSH,TVJP}U!,S7YVJLZV,TVJPVUHS9LJ\WLYHKVLU O[[WZ!
^^^\]LZJOVSPa7YVJLZVLTVJPVUHSWKM
.HYJxH9L[HTH1Í3HLK\JHJP}ULTVJPVUHSZ\PTWVY[HUJPHLULSWYVJLZVKLHWYLUKPaHQLRevista
Educación
1\U[HKL(UKHS\JxHCreciendo en salud: Línea de intervención Educación emocional.:L]PSSH!
(\[VY
3L}U:mLUa(; Pereira PtYLaA+LZHYYVSSVO\THUVLK\JHJP}U`HWYLUKPaHQLRevista Electró-
nic@ Educare
3VNH[[.YHIULY*(¦*}TVPUÅ\`LUSHZLTVJPVULZLULSHWYLUKPaHQL&Descubriendo el Cerebro
y la Mente
4VSLPYV7tYLa6"6[LYV9HTVZ0 5PL]LZ(JO}UA(WYLUKPaHQL`KLZHYYVSSVO\THUVRevista
Iberoamericana de Educación
4\SZV^.+LZHYYVSSVLTVJPVUHS!PTWHJ[VLULSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVEducação
5HJPVULZ<UPKHZInforme de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible5\L]H@VYR!(\[VY9LJ\WLYHKV
en O[[WZ!\UZ[H[Z\UVYNZKNZÄSLZYLWVY[;OL:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[.VHSZ9LWVY[F
:WHUPZOWKM
7tYLa.VUamSLa 1 * 7LUH .HYYPKV 4 *VUZ[Y\`LUKV SH JPLUJPH KL SH LK\JHJP}U LTVJPVUHS
Revista Padres y Maestros, (P & M)
9VKYxN\La:\[PS*¦8\tLZ\UHLTVJP}U&;LVYxHYLSHJPVUHSKLSHZLTVJPVULZClínica e Investiga-
ción Relacional-
9VTLYV3SHUVZ2ZK,Z[HISLJPLUKVSHZIHZLZWHYH\UKLZHYYVSSVZVJPVLTVJPVUHSMH]VYHISLCerebrum.
Neurociencia Educación y Desarrollo Humano. 9LJ\WLYHKV LU O[[WZ!^LIVHZVYNJOPSKOVVK
,:3PZ[Z;LTHZ7YV`LJ[VZ(J[P]PKHK+VJ\TLU[V([[HJOTLU[Z )H
ZLZWHYH\UKLZHYYVSSVLTVJPVUHSMH]VYHISL2H[OLYPUL9VTLYVWKM
<ULZJV3H,K\JHJP}UWHYHLS+LZHYYVSSV:VZ[LUPISLLUHJJP}U-YHUJPH!(\[VY9LJ\WLYHKVLU
O[[W!\ULZKVJ\ULZJVVYNPTHNLZZWKM
<ULZJV Educación para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Objetivos de aprendizaje 7HYxZ!
(\[VY9LJ\WLYHKVLU O[[W!\ULZKVJ\ULZJVVYNPTHNLZZWKM
<UPJLM`6_MHT0U[LYT}UUn año de Agenda 2030 en España. Mucho por hacer. 4HKYPK!(\[VYLZ
9LJ\WLYHKV LU O[[WZ!^^^\UPJLMLZZP[LZ\UPJLMLZÄSLZ\UFHUVFKLFHNLUKHFFLUFLZWHUH
WKM
ALYWH*, :PZ[LTHZLTVJPVUHSLZ`SH[YHKPJP}UL]VS\JPVUHYPHLU7ZPJVSVNxHSumma Psicología
UST
Helena Moutinho
Inteligência Emocional,
KH<UP]LYZPKHKL
KV7VY[V-7*,<7 Felicidade e Flow:
que Relações com
)VSZLPYVZKL0UPJPHsqV
*PLU[xÄJHUH-7*,<7
UVX\HKYVKV7YVQL[V
André Monteiro
o Trabalho Académico
KH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V e o Bem-Estar Subjetivo
)VSZLPYVZKL0UPJPHsqV
*PLU[xÄJHUH-7*,<7
UVX\HKYVKV7YVQL[V
em Jovens-Adultos1
Ana Costa
)VSZLPYHKL7}Z+V\[VYHTLU[V
LT7ZPJVSVNPHKH-*;UV
*7<7-7*,<7YLM¡:-9/ RESUMO
)7+
Luísa Faria 6VIQL[P]VtL_WSVYHYHYLSHsqVLU[YL]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P
-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPH ]HZ0U[LSPNvUJPH,TVJPVUHS-LSPJPKHKLLFlow [YHIHSOV
LKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqV HJHKtTPJVLILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VKLQV]LUZHK\S[VZ
KH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V (HTVZ[YHPUJS\PLZ[\KHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[mYPVZTHPVYP
7YVM¡(ZZVJPHKHJVT [HYPHTLU[LKVUVY[LKVWHxZHMYLX\LU[HYKPMLYLU[LZJ\YZVZ
(NYLNHsqVKH-7*,<7 ¢HV¢HUVUHZ\HTHPVYPHKL*PvUJPHZ:VJPHPZ
LKVNtULYVMLTPUPUVKVZX\HPZZqV[YHIHSOH
KVYLZLZ[\KHU[LZ
6Z PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ HKTPUPZ[YHKVZ PUJS\xYHT LZJHSHZ KL
H\[VYYLSH[V LN ;,08\L:- 6/0 :/: +-: L 1(>:
HKHW[HKHZHVJVU[L_[VWVY[\N\vZLJVTIVUZPUKPJHKV
YLZWZPJVTt[YPJVZ
.SVIHSTLU[L VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ PUKPJHYHT JVYYLSHsLZ
WVZP[P]HZKLTHNUP[\KLTtKPHHMVY[LLU[YL]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P
]HZLYLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZ(UmSPZLZKLYLNYLZZqVSPULHY
KLTVUZ[YHYHTX\LVFlowLH-LSPJPKHKLMVYHTHZ]HYPm
]LPZJVTTHPVYWVKLYWYLKP[P]VKVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VL
KVZYLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZ
7YVWVYZLqV SPUOHZ KL PU[LY]LUsqV UH WYVTVsqV KH
X\HSPKHKL KL ]PKH L ILTLZ[HY Z\IQL[P]V UH ZLUKH KV
KLZLU]VS]PTLU[VLKHMVYTHsqVHVSVUNVKH]PKH

,Z[L [YHIHSOV PUZLYLZL UV WYVQL[V ¸7SH[HMVYTH 0UMVYTm[PJH 0U[L
NYHKVYHKL(WSPJHsLZ:LY]PsVZ>LIL(UmSPZLKL*HYHJ[LYxZ[P
JHZ,TVJPVUHPZLKL)LT,Z[HY¹ÄUHUJPHKVWLSV7VY[\NHS
WYVQL[V
Introdução
+LZKL H KtJHKH KL ZLZZLU[H X\L UH 7ZPJVSVNPH H WLYZWL[P]H WVZP[P]H [LT NHUOV KPUHTPZTV LT
KPMLYLU[LZmYLHZKLPU[LY]LUsqVLNJSxUPJHLK\JH[P]HLVYNHUPaHJPVUHSX\LYUVJVU[L_[VKLPU]LZ[PNHsqV
X\LYUVKLWYm[PJHWYVÄZZPVUHSL_WYLZZVUVPU[LYLZZLWLSVLZ[\KVKHYLSHsqVLU[YL]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZ
inteligência emocional, felicidade e ÅV^¶LYLZ\S[HKVZKHYLHSPaHsqVJVTVVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVV\
WYVÄZZPVUHSV\PUKPJHKVYLZZ\IQL[P]VZJVTVVZUx]LPZKLILTLZ[HYWZPJVS}NPJV
(PU[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHS0,t\T[PWVKLPU[LSPNvUJPHX\LZLKLÄULNSVIHSTLU[LJVTVHJHWHJPKHKL
WHYHYLJVUOLJLYJVTWYLLUKLYL_WYLZZHYLYLN\SHYLTVsLZUVWY}WYPVLUVZV\[YVZ\[PSPaHUKVHPUKH
JVU[LKVLTVJPVUHSUHYLZVS\sqVKLWYVISLTHZ4H`LY :HSV]L` 6YH7L[YPKLZL-\YUOHT
KPZ[PUN\PYHTULZ[LJVUJLP[VK\HZJVTWVULU[LZKP]LYZHZ!HH0,JVTVJVTWL[vUJPHTLU[HSLIH0,
JVTV[YHsVKLWLYZVUHSPKHKLTrait Emotional Intelligence;,0(WYPTLPYHHZZ\TLH0,LUX\HU[VJVUQ\U[V
KL OHIPSPKHKLZ JVNUP[P]VLTVJPVUHPZ U\TH WLYZWL[P]H KL TLKPsqV KV KLZLTWLUOV }[PTV LUX\HU[V H
ZLN\UKHLU[LUKLH0,JVTV\TJVUJLP[VT\S[PKPTLUZPVUHS7LYLYHLU]VS]LUKVH\[VWLYJLsLZL
KPZWVZPsLZHML[P]HZLTV[P]HJPVUHPZTLKPUKVZLULZ[HVKLZLTWLUOV[xWPJV
5HZ\HTL[HHUmSPZL6»)V`SL/\TWOYL`7VSSHJR/H^]LYL:[VY`]LYPÄJHYHTX\L[VKVZVZ
TVKLSVZKL0,ZLJVYYLSHJPVUHTZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LJVTVKLZLTWLUOVLTJVU[L_[VKL[YHIHSOV5VJVU
[L_[VHJHKtTPJV7LYLYHU\THYL]PZqVKHSP[LYH[\YHZVIYLHYLSHsqVLU[YLH;,0LVKLZLTWLUOV
HJHKtTPJV JVUJS\P\ X\L H WYPTLPYH WVKLYm WYL]LY V ZLN\UKV KL MVYTH WVZP[P]H H[YH]tZ KL WYVJLZZVZ
JVNUP[P]VZTV[P]HJPVUHPZLPU[LYWLZZVHPZYLSHsqVX\LMVPJVYYVIVYHKHWVY)\ROHYPL2OHUHTU\TH
HTVZ[YH KL LZ[\KHU[LZ \UP]LYZP[mYPVZ *VUZPKLYHUKV V TVKLSV KL JVTWL[vUJPH KL 0, H SP[LYH[\YH [LT
L]PKLUJPHKV KL MVYTH ZPTPSHY H HZZVJPHsqV WVZP[P]H L H JHWHJPKHKL WYLKP[P]H KH 0, ZVIYL V YLUKPTLU[V
HJHKtTPJVKVZHS\UVZ*VZ[H -HYPH
5H]LYKHKLH0,LZ[m[HTItTHZZVJPHKHJVTVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VV\MLSPJPKHKL+P-HIPV 2LUU`
" 2V`KLTPY :JO[a " :mUJOLaÍS]HYLa ,_[YLTLYH -LYUmUKLa)LYYVJHS " >HUN AV\
AOHUN /V\X\LtZLN\UKV3`\IVTPYZR`\TLZ[HKVTLU[HSV\LTVJPVUHSX\LVJVYYLLT
M\UsqVKHMYLX\vUJPHLPU[LUZPKHKLJVTX\LZL]P]LUJPHTHML[VZWVZP[P]VZLWVYVWVZPsqVTLKPHU[LH
H\ZvUJPHKLHML[VZULNH[P]VZ,Z[LLZ[HKVYLZ\S[HPN\HSTLU[LKL\TZLU[PTLU[VKLLSL]HKHZH[PZMHsqV
K\YHU[L\TKL[LYTPUHKVWLYxVKVKL[LTWV
1mZLN\UKV+PLULY HMLSPJPKHKLYLZ\S[HKL\TH¸WYVWLUZqVNLYHSWHYHZLL_WLYPLUJPHYL]LU[VZ
KL MVYTH WVZP[P]H¹ W ZLUKV LZ[L V MH[VY X\L L_WSPJH WVYX\L t X\L KPMLYLU[LZ PUKP]xK\VZ \[PSPaHT
JYP[tYPVZ KPZ[PU[VZ WHYH ZL JVUZPKLYHYLT MLSPaLZ V\ UqV 3`\IVTPYZR` HJYLZJLU[H X\L H MLSPJPKHKL
KLWLUKLUqVZ}KHL_WLYPvUJPHKLHML[VZWVZP[P]VZTHZX\LLZ[LZKL]LTJVVJVYYLYJVTHZLUZHsqVKL
X\LH]PKHKVWY}WYPVtIVH[LT]HSVYL[LTZPNUPÄJHKV
8\LYHMLSPJPKHKLX\LYVILTLZ[HYJVUM\UKLTZLWVPZVILTLZ[HYJVUZPZ[LU\TLZ[HKVKLZH[PZ
MHsqVKVPUKP]xK\VJVUZPNVTLZTVLJVTVZL\TLPV9`HU +LJPZLUKVJVUZ[P[\xKVWVY\TH
JVTWVULU[L JVNUP[P]H ¶ H ZH[PZMHsqV JVT H ]PKH L WVY \TH JVTWVULU[L HML[P]H ¶ H WVZZPIPSPKHKL KL
HWLZZVHZLU[PYLTVsLZKLWYHaLYLKLZWYHaLY+PLULY:\O 6PZOP 5VX\LKPaYLZWLP[VHLZ[H
JVTWVULU[LHML[P]H>HYY KLMLUKLJVUZPKLYHUKVHWLYZWL[P]HIPKPTLUZPVUHSKVILTLZ[HY
HML[P]V ZLN\UKV H X\HS KPMLYLU[LZ LTVsLZ ZqV JVUZPKLYHKHZ LT M\UsqV KH PU[LUZPKHKL L KV WYHaLY
X\LZ\ZJP[HTL_PZ[PYLTLP_VZWYPUJPWHPZUVLZ[\KVKVILTLZ[HY!KLZWYHaLYWYHaLYHUZPLKHKL
JVU[LU[HTLU[VLKLWYLZZqVLU[\ZPHZTVZLUKVVZZLN\UKVL[LYJLPYVLP_VZWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LYLSL]HU
[LZUVKVTxUPVVJ\WHJPVUHS5VX\L[VJHHVKVTxUPVHJHKtTPJV(U[HYHTPHUHWVU[HVILTLZ[HY
Z\IQL[P]VHWHYKHH\ZvUJPHKLZPU[VTHZWZPJVWH[VS}NPJVZJVTVZLUKV\TWYLKP[VYKVJVTWYVTL[PTLU[V
KLLZ[\KHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[mYPVZ2PT:\UN7HYRL+P[[TVYLL]PKLUJPHT[HTItTVLMLP[VWVZP[P]VKH
ZH[PZMHsqVJVTH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZLKLSHaLYUVILTLZ[HYKLLZ[\KHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[mYPVZTLSOVY
H\[VLZ[PTHTLUVZZVSPKqVLTLUVZZ[YLZZLWLYJLIPKV(ZZPT\THH[P[\KLWVZP[P]HLTYLSHsqVHLZ[HZ
H[P]PKHKLZLZ[mHZZVJPHKHH\TTHPVYILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VZLUKVLZ[H\THJVUKPsqVPTWVY[HU[LUHL_WL
YPvUJPHHJHKtTPJHKVZLZ[\KHU[LZ
6ÅV^V\L_WLYPvUJPH}[PTHJVUZPZ[LU\TLZ[HKVKLJVUZJPvUJPHLTX\LHWLZZVHLZ[mHIZVS\[H
TLU[LLU]VS]PKHUVTVTLU[VWYLZLU[LUHH[P]PKHKLX\LLZ[mHKLZLTWLUOHY*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P "
5HRHT\YH *ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P:LN\UKV*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P LZ[LLZ[HKVLU]VS]LUV]LKPTLU
ZLZ!IHSHUsVLU[YLKLZHÄVLJVTWL[vUJPHM\ZqVLU[YLHsqVLJVUZJPvUJPHJSHYLaHKLVIQL[P]VZfeed-
backYPNVYVZVJVUJLU[YHsqVUH[HYLMHWLYJLsqVKLJVU[YVSVWLYKHKHH\[VJVUZJPvUJPH[YHUZMVYTHsqV
KVZLU[PKVKL[LTWVLL_WLYPvUJPHH\[V[tSPJH*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P HWVU[HHWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLJLY[VZ
PUKP]xK\VZ [LYLT THPVY [LUKvUJPH WHYH ]P]LYLT L_WLYPvUJPHZ H\[V[tSPJHZ KV X\L V\[YVZ HÄYTHUKV X\L
WVZZ\LT\THWLYZVUHSPKHKLH\[V[tSPJH(LZ[HTHPVYWYLKPZWVZPsqVWHYHL_WLYPTLU[HYLZ[HKVZKLÅV^
PUKLWLUKLU[LTLU[LKHZP[\HsqVKmZLVUVTLKLÅV^KPZWVZPJPVUHSWVYVWVZPsqVHVÅV^LZ[HKV1HJR
ZVU ,RS\UK"1HJRZVU-VYK2PTPLJPR 4HYZO "1HJRZVU 4HYZO+LHJVYKVJVTH
SP[LYH[\YHVÅV^t\TIVTWYLKP[VYKVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJV:\TH`H +HYSPUNLJVYYLSHJPVUH
ZLZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LJVTVILTLZ[HY(ZHRH^H
*VUMVYTLZ\WYHTLUJPVUHKVVVIQL[P]VKLZ[LLZ[\KVtLU[qVVKLL_WSVYHYHYLSHsqVLU[YL]HYPm]LPZ
WVZP[P]HZPU[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHSMLSPJPKHKLLÅV^[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJVLILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VLTLZ[\
KHU[LZ\UP]LYZP[mYPVZ
Método
Participantes
( HTVZ[YH PUJS\P LZ[\KHU[LZ KV NtULYV MLTPUPUV JVT \TH TtKPH L[mYPH KL HUVZ M
$ " DP $ H MYLX\LU[HY KPMLYLU[LZ J\YZVZ \UP]LYZP[mYPVZ THPVYP[HYPHTLU[L KL *PvUJPHZ :VJPHPZ
(THPVYPHKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZMYLX\LU[HV¢HUVKLSPJLUJPH[\YHLZqV[YHIHSOHKVYLZ
LZ[\KHU[LZ8\HU[VnWHY[PJPWHsqVLTH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZKHHTVZ[YHUqVYL]LSHWHY[PJP
par (n$WHY[PJPWHTU\THH[P]PKHKLn$ LVZYLZ[HU[LZWHY[PJPWHTLTK\HZV\THPZ
H[P]PKHKLZn$
Instrumentos
0U[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHS
7HYHH]HSPHYH0,\[PSPaV\ZLV;,08\L:-Trait-Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Version

WYVWVZ[VWVY7L[YPKLZL-\YUOHTL]HSPKHKVWHYHHWVW\SHsqVWVY[\N\LZHWVY*HY]HSOV5L[VL
4H]YV]LSP5LZ[LX\LZ[PVUmYPVKLH\[VYYLSH[VKLP[LUZVYLZWVUKLU[LKL]LHZZPUHSHYVZL\NYH\
KL JVUJVYKoUJPH JVT HZ HÄYTHsLZ U\TH LZJHSH KL 3PRLY[ KL WVU[VZ ¸ +PZJVYKV [V[HSTLU[L¹ H
¸*VUJVYKV[V[HSTLU[L¹6PUZ[Y\TLU[VJVTWYLLUKLKPTLUZLZ!LTVJPVUHSPKHKLLN¸,_WYPTPYHZ
TPUOHZLTVsLZJVTWHSH]YHZUqVt\TWYVISLTHWHYHTPT¹ZVJPHIPSPKHKLLN¸*VUZPNVSPKHYLÄJHa
TLU[L JVT HZ WLZZVHZ¹ H\[VJVU[YVSV LN ¸;LUKV H T\KHY KL PKLPHZ MYLX\LU[LTLU[L¹ L ILTLZ[HY
LN ¸.LYHSTLU[L UqV HJOV H ]PKH HNYHKm]LS¹ :LN\UKV ]mYPVZ H\[VYLZ *HY]HSOV 5L[V 4H]YV]LSP
"7L[YPKLZ -\YUOHTV;,08\L:-HWYLZLU[HIVHZX\HSPKHKLZWZPJVTt[YPJHZWYV]PKLUJPHU
KVYLZ\S[HKVZÄm]LPZLJ\QHLZ[Y\[\YHKLKPTLUZLZtZ\WVY[HKHWVYLZ[\KVZKLHUmSPZLMH[VYPHS5LZ[L
LZ[\KVHLZJHSH[V[HSHWYLZLU[V\\T]HSVYL_JLSLU[LKLJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUHH[YH]tZKVHSMHKL*YVUIHJO
т$
Felicidade
6Oxford Happiness Inventory"6/0"(YN`SL4HY[PU *YVZZSHUK HKHW[HKVWHYHVJVU[L_[V

WVY[\N\vZWVY5L[VMVP\THKHZK\HZLZJHSHZ\[PSPaHKHZWHYHTLKPYVJVUZ[Y\J[VKLMLSPJPKHKLi
JVUZ[P[\xKV WVY P[LUZ ZLUKV HWYLZLU[HKHZ LT JHKH P[LT HÄYTHsLZ KPZ[PU[HZ U\TH LZJHSH KL
WVU[VZLU[YLLLN¸,\WHZZVWLSH]PKH¹¸(]PKHtIVH¹¸(]PKHtT\P[VIVH¹L¸,\
HTVH]PKH¹6WHY[PJPWHU[LKL]LHZZPUHSHYHVWsqVKLYLZWVZ[HX\LTHPZZLHWYV_PTLKHMVYTHJVTV
ZL[LTZLU[PKVUHS[PTHZLTHUHPUJS\PUKVVWY}WYPVKPH(HKHW[HsqVWVY[\N\LZHKLZ[LPUZ[Y\TLU[VKL
5L[VKLTVUZ[YV\]HSPKHKLJVU]LYNLU[LLKPZJYPTPUHU[LL]LYPÄJV\HL_PZ[vUJPHKLMH[VYLZPL
ZH[PZMHsqVJVTH]PKH[PTPKLaZVSPKqVLZVJPHIPSPKHKLX\LL_WSPJHTKH]HYPoUJPH[V[HS5VWYLZLU[L
LZ[\KVVPUZ[Y\TLU[VYL]LSV\Ux]LPZL_JLSLU[LZKLJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUHт$
(ZLN\UKHLZJHSH\[PSPaHKHWHYHHMLYPYVJVUZ[Y\J[VMLSPJPKHKLtHSubjective Happiness ScalL:/:"
3`\IVTPYZR` 3LWWLY HKHW[HKH WVY 7HPZ9PILPYV WHYH H WVW\SHsqV WVY[\N\LZH i JVT
WVZ[HWVYP[LUZLN¸*VTWHYH[P]HTLU[LJVTHTHPVYPHKVZTL\ZWHYLZJVUZPKLYVTL!¹YLZWVUKPKVZ
U\THLZJHSHKL3PRLY[KLWVU[VZLN¸4LUVZMLSPa¹H¸4HPZMLSPa¹LTX\LKVPZKVZP[LUZHWYL
ZLU[HTZP[\HsLZUHZX\HPZVYLZWVUKLU[LKL]LHZZPUHSHYVZL\NYH\KLPKLU[PÄJHsqVJVTHZTLZTHZL
UVZV\[YVZKVPZP[LUZKL]LZLYHZZPUHSHKVVX\qVMLSPaZLZLU[LX\LYKLMVYTHNSVIHSX\LYLTJVTWHYHsqV
JVTVZWHYLZ(:/:HWYLZLU[HJVYYLSHsLZZ\IZ[HUJPHPZHVUx]LSKL]HSPKHKLJVU]LYNLU[LJVTHLZJHSH
KLZH[PZMHsqVJVTH]PKH+PLULY,TTVUZ3HYZLU .YPѝU HWYLZLU[HUKV\THJVYYLSHsqVKL
JVT\THTHNUP[\KLZLTLSOHU[LnHWYLZLU[HKHUVLZ[\KVVYPNPUHSX\L]HYPH]HLU[YLL(VUx]LS
KHJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUHHLZJHSHHWYLZLU[V\IVUZ]HSVYLZKLHSMHKL*YVUIHJOт$

)LTLZ[HYUV[YHIHSOV
( LZJHSH 1VIYLSH[LK (ќLJ[P]L >LSSILPUN :JHSL 1(>:" 2H[^`R -V_ :WLJ[VY 2LSSV^H` t
IHZLHKHUVTVKLSVKLILTLZ[HYHML[P]VUV[YHIHSOV>HYY LMVPHKHW[HKHWHYHHSxUN\HWVY[\
N\LZHUV)YHZPSWVY.V\]LPH-VUZvJH3PUZ3PTHL.V\]LPH[LUKVZPKVLZ[HH]LYZqV\[PSPaHKH
ULZ[LLZ[\KV5HZ\H]LYZqVJ\Y[HHWYLZLU[HHVYLZWVUKLU[L\T[V[HSKLLTVsLZULNH[P]HZLN
¸0UJVTVKHKVH¹LWVZP[P]HZLN¸,U[\ZPHZTHKVH¹ZVSPJP[HUKVSOLX\LHZZPUHSLU\THLZJHSH3PRLY[
KLWVU[VZ¸¶5\UJH¹H¸¶:LTWYL¹HMYLX\vUJPHJVTX\LZLU[P\JHKH\THKLSHZK\YHU[LH[P]PKHKLZ
YLSHJPVUHKHZJVTVZL\[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJVUVZS[PTVZKPHZ5VWYLZLU[LLZ[\KVHHUmSPZLMH[VYPHS
L_WSVYH[}YPHYL]LSV\HL_PZ[vUJPHKL\TMH[VYLUVX\LYLZWLP[HnJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUHHLZJHSH[V[HSт
$ HZ\ILZJHSHWVZP[P]Hт$ LHZ\ILZJHSHULNH[P]Hт$HWYLZLU[HTIVUZxUKPJLZKL
ÄKLSPKHKL
Flow
Para medir o ÅV^KPZWVZPJPVUHSMVP\[PSPaHKVHDispositional Flow Scale-2+-:"1HJRZVU ,RS\UK

HKHW[HKV HV JVU[L_[V WVY[\N\vZ WVY .V\]LPH 7HPZ9PILPYV 4HYX\LZ L *HY]HSOV ,Z[H
LZJHSHKLP[LUZ]LYZqVWVY[\N\LZHMVPVYPNPUHSTLU[LKLZLU]VS]PKHWHYHHMLYPYH[LUKvUJPHKL\TPUKP
]xK\VWHYHL_WLYPLUJPHYLZ[HKVZKLÅV^K\YHU[LHH[P]PKHKLMxZPJHZLUKVX\LULZ[LLZ[\KVHZYLMLYvUJPHZ
HH[P]PKHKLMxZPJHMVYHTHKHW[HKHZWHYHYLMLYvUJPHZH[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJV(LZJHSHH]HSPHHZ KPTLUZLZ
WYVWVZ[HZWVY*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P !IHSHUsVLU[YLKLZHÄVLJVTWL[vUJPHLN¸:PU[VTLKLZHÄHKVH
THZHJYLKP[VX\LHZTPUOHZJHWHJPKHKLZLZ[qVnHS[\YHKHZL_PNvUJPHZKHZP[\HsqV¹M\ZqVLU[YLHsqVL
JVUZJPvUJPHJSHYLaHKLVIQL[P]VZfeedback YPNVYVZVJVUJLU[YHsqVUH[HYLMHWLYJLsqVKLJVU[YVSVWLYKH
KHH\[VJVUZJPvUJPH[YHUZMVYTHsqVKVZLU[PKVKL[LTWVLL_WLYPvUJPHH\[V[tSPJH(]LYZqVWVY[\N\LZH
KV PUZ[Y\TLU[V HWYLZLU[V\ X\HSPKHKLZ WZPJVTt[YPJHZ HKLX\HKHZ .V\]LPH L[ HS ZLUKV X\L UV
WYLZLU[LLZ[\KVYL]LSV\L_JLSLU[LZUx]LPZKLJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUHт$
;YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJV
6[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJVMVPH]HSPHKVKLK\HZMVYTHZKPZ[PU[HZ!KLMVYTHZ\IQL[P]HLKLMVYTHVIQL[P]H
8\HU[VnH]HSPHsqVZ\IQL[P]HVYLZWVUKLU[LLYHPUX\PYPKVZVIYLJVTVZLJVUZPKLYH]HLUX\HU[VHS\UVH
ZLUKVX\LHYLZWVZ[HLYHKHKHU\THLZJHSHKL3PRLY[KLWVU[VZ¸¶4H\Tm¹H¸¶,_JLSLU[L¹JVT
\THHTWSP[\KLKLYLZWVZ[HZLU[YLLM$ "DP$7VYZ\H]LaHH]HSPHsqVVIQL[P]HMVPJVUZL
N\PKHH[YH]tZKHYLZWVZ[HKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZHJLYJHKV]HSVYKHZ\HTtKPHHJHKtTPJHH[\HS(ZYLZWVZ[HZ
MVYHTJVTWYLLUKPKHZLU[YLL]HSVYLZM$"DP$
Procedimento
( YLJVSOH KL KHKVZ MVP YLHSPaHKH WVY X\LZ[PVUmYPV X\L PUJS\P\ VZ PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ HJPTH TLUJPVUHKVZ
L X\LZ[LZ HJLYJH KV WLYJ\YZV HJHKtTPJV ILT JVTV HSN\THZ WLYN\U[HZ KL JHYPa ZVJPVKLTVNYmÄJV
(HKTPUPZ[YHsqVKVX\LZ[PVUmYPVMVPMLP[HonlineH[YH]tZKHWSH[HMVYTHGoogle FormsH\THHTVZ[YHKL
JVU]LUPvUJPHPLYLKLZWLZZVHPZKVZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZKP]\SNHsqVHLZ[\KHU[LZKH-7*,<7WVYWHY[LKL
WYVMLZZVYLZLKP]\SNHsqVLTYLKLZZVJPHPZ6VIQL[P]VKVLZ[\KVMVPHWYLZLU[HKVHVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLV
JVUZLU[PTLU[VPUMVYTHKVHZZLN\YHKVUVPUxJPVKHWHY[PJPWHsqVZLUKVSOLZKHKHHVWsqVKLKLZPZ[PYH
X\HSX\LYTVTLU[VLZLTX\HPZX\LYJVUZLX\vUJPHZ6[LTWVTtKPVKLYLZWVZ[HMVPKLJLYJHKL]PU[L
TPU\[VZ(HUmSPZLKLKHKVZPLJVYYLSHsLZYLNYLZZLZ[LZ[LZtHUmSPZLZKL]HYPoUJPH\UP]HYPHKHHUm
SPZLZMH[VYPHPZL_WSVYH[}YPHZLHSMHKL*YVUIHJOMVPLML[\HKH\[PSPaHUKVV0)4:7::Statistics=LYZqV
Resultados
.SVIHSTLU[LHZHUmSPZLZJVYYLSHJPVUHPZL]PKLUJPHYHT\THYLSHsqVWVZP[P]HLZPNUPÄJH[P]HKLTHNUP
[\KLTVKLYHKHLU[YLHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZ0,MLSPJPKHKLLÅV^) LVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVZ\IQL[P]VL
ILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VKVZHS\UVZ(WLUHZVÅV^LZ[HILSLJL\\THJVYYLSHsqVWVZP[P]HLZPNUPÄJH[P]HJVTV
KLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVVIQL[P]VKVZHS\UVZPLHTtKPHKHZUV[HZ
Quadro 1. Correlações de Pearson entre variáveis positivas,
desempenho académico e bem-estar subjetivo
Bem-estar subjetivo
Desempenho objetivo Desempenho subjetivo
JAWS
Inteligência Emocional

TEIQue-SF
Felicidade OHI
Felicidade SHS
Flow DFS-2
W#"W#
6ZYLZ\S[HKVZKLHUmSPZLZKLYLNYLZZqVSPULHYL]PKLUJPHYHTVWVKLYWYLKP[P]VKHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZ
ZVIYLVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVLVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]V=LYPÄJV\ZLX\LVZTVKLSVZL_WSPJH[P]VZKVZ
YLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZPLKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVVIQL[P]VZ\IQL[P]VLILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VWYLKP[VZ
WLSHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZMVYHTZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ(H\[VH]HSPHsqVKVZLZ[\KHU[LZPLKLZLTWLUOVZ\IQL[P
]VLVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VMVYHTVZTVKLSVZTLSOVYL_WSPJHKVZWLSHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZ6ZYLZ\S[HKVZ
KLTVUZ[YHYHTX\LVÅV^MVPHUPJH]HYPm]LSWYLKP[VYHKVKLZLTWLUOVVIQL[P]VLKVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]V
LX\L[HSJVTVHMLSPJPKHKLMVPWYLKP[VYHKVKLZLTWLUOVZ\IQL[P]V(PU[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHSUqVMVPWYLKP
[VYHKVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVZ\IQL[P]VV\VIQL[P]VULTKVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]V
Quadro 2. Modelos de regressão linear de variáveis positivas sobre o desempenho

académico e bem-estar subjetivo
Modelo t p ` F gl p adj. R2
Desempenho obje-
4
tivo
;,08\L:-
6/0
:/:
-SV^ 0,002
Desempenho sub-
4
jetivo
;,08\L:-
6/0
:/: 0,014
-SV^ 0,000
Bem-estar subjetivo 4
;,08\L:-
6/0
:/:
-SV^ 0,000
<[PSPaHYHTZL t-testes WHYH HTVZ[YHZ PUKLWLUKLU[LZ WHYH H]LYPN\HY H L_PZ[vUJPH KL KPMLYLUsHZ LU[YL
NtULYVZLLU[YLLZ[\KHU[LZL[YHIHSOHKVYLZLZ[\KHU[LZPLLZ[H[\[V
5V X\L YLZWLP[H HV NtULYV VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ UqV L]PKLUJPHYHT KPMLYLUsHZ LU[YL VZ HS\UVZ KV NtULYV
MLTPUPUVƂLKVNtULYVTHZJ\SPUVƃX\HU[VHVZUx]LPZKLPU[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHSƂ M$"DP$"
ƃ M$"DP$"t $"p $ MLSPJPKHKL6/0!Ƃ M$"DP$"ƃ M$ "DP
$"t$"p $":/:!Ƃ M$ "DP$ "ƃ M$"DP$"t$"p $
ÅV^ (Ƃ M$"DP$"ƃ M$"DP$"t$ "p $KLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTP
JVVIQL[P]VƂ M$"DP$"ƃ M$"DP$"t$"p $ULTZ\IQL[P]VƂ M
$"DP$"ƃ M$"DP$"t$"p $ULTWHYHVILTLZ[HYƂ M$"
DP$"ƃ M$ "DP$ "t$"p $
,TYLSHsqVHVLZ[H[\[VVZYLZ\S[HKVZPUKPJHYHTX\LVMHJ[VKLVZHS\UVZ[LYLTLZ[H[\[VKLLZ[\KHU[L
V\ KL [YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[L UqV VZ KPMLYLUJPV\ UV X\L KPa YLZWLP[V nZ ]HYPm]LPZ WVZP[P]HZ PU[LSPNvUJPH
LTVJPVUHSLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"t$"p $
MLSPJPKHKL6/0!LZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$ "DP$"t
$ "p $":/:!LZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"t
$"p $ LÅV^(estudante M$"DP$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"t
$ "p $ULTX\HU[VHVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVVIQL[P]VLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"
[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"t$"p $V\Z\IQL[P]VLZ[\KHU[LM$ "DP
$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$ "t$ "p $ULTLTYLSHsqVHVZUx]LPZKL
ILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LM$"DP$"t
$"p $
7YVJLKL\ZL H \TH (56=( WHYH [LZ[HY ZL OH]LYPH KPMLYLUsHZ LU[YL VZ LZ[\KHU[LZ TLKPHU[L H Z\H
WHY[PJPWHsqVLTH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZ.SVIHSTLU[LVZYLZ\S[HKVZPUKPJHYHTX\LHX\LSLZX\LWHY
[PJPWHTLTH[P]PKHKLZHJHKtTPJHZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZ[vTTLSOVYLZWLYJLsLZKLMLSPJPKHKLX\LYH[YH]tZ
KV6/0HS\UVZZLTULUO\THH[P]PKHKL!M$DP$"HS\UVZJVTK\HZV\THPZH[P]PKHKLZ!M$
DP$"F $p $X\LYH[YH]tZKV:/:HS\UVZZLTULUO\THH[P]PKHKL!M $
DP$ "HS\UVZJVTH[P]PKHKL!M$ DP$"HS\UVZJVTK\HZV\THPZH[P]PKHKLZ!M$
DP $"F $p $4HPZHPUKH]LYPÄJV\ZLX\LLZ[\KHU[LZX\LWHY[PJPWH]HTLTTHPZKV
X\L K\HZ H[P]PKHKLZ [PUOHT TLSOVY KLZLTWLUOV HJHKtTPJV Z\IQL[P]V HS\UVZ ZLT ULUO\TH H[P]PKHKL!
M$DP$"HS\UVZJVTK\HZV\THPZH[P]PKHKLZ!M $DP$"F $ p $
Discussão
.SVIHSTLU[LLZ[L[YHIHSOVKLTVUZ[YV\HPTWVY[oUJPHKHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZJVTVHPU[LSPNvUJPHLTV
JPVUHSMLSPJPKHKLLÅVÛV[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJVX\LYJVUZPKLYHUKVYLZ\S[HKVZVIQL[P]VZKLKLZLTWLUOV
PLTtKPHKLUV[HZKVZHS\UVZX\LYZ\IQL[P]VZPLWLYJLsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHH\[VH]HSPHsqVLUX\HU[V
HS\UVX\LYVILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VKVZLZ[\KHU[LZ
,TWHY[PJ\SHYVZYLZ\S[HKVZPUKPJHYHTJVYYLSHsLZWVZP[P]HZKLTHNUP[\KLTtKPHHMVY[LLU[YL]HYPm]LPZ
WVZP[P]HZLYLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZVX\LYLMVYsHHPTWVY[oUJPHKHZJVTWL[vUJPHZJVNUP[P]VLTVJPVUHPZ
UHWLYJLsqVKLILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]V+P-HIPV 2LUU`"2V`KLTPY :JO[a":mUJOLaÍS]HYLa
L[HS">HUNL[HSLKLJVTWL[vUJPHKVZLZ[\KHU[LZILTJVTVUVZL\YLZ\S[HKVHJHKtTPJV
LML[P]V5qVZL]LYPÄJV\UVLU[HU[VX\HSX\LYYLSHsqVLU[YLH0,LVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVVIQL[P]V
UqVZLJVYYVIVYHUKVHZZPTHSP[LYH[\YHUVKVTxUPV)\ROHYP 2OHUHT"*VZ[H -HYPH"
6»)V`SLL[HS"7LYLYH
6ZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[PKVZL]PKLUJPHYHTVWVKLYWYLKP[P]VKHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZZVIYLV[YHIHSOVHJHKt
TPJV(ZZPT]LYPÄJV\ZLX\LVZTVKLSVZL_WSPJH[P]VZKVZYLZ\S[HKVZHJHKtTPJVZPLTtKPHKHZUV[HZ
H\[VH]HSPHsqVKVZHS\UVZLILTLZ[HYZ\IQL[P]VMVYHTZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LWYLKP[VZWLSHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZ
(ZHUmSPZLZKLYLNYLZZqVSPULHYKLTVUZ[YHYHTX\LVÅV^MVPH]HYPm]LSJVTTHPVYWVKLYWYLKP[P]VZVIYLV
[YHIHSOVHJHKtTPJVLT[VKVZVZTVKLSVZ[HSJVTVZLYPHLZWLYHKV(ZHRH^H":\TH`H +HYSPUN
VX\LYL]LSHHWLY[PUvUJPHKVLZ[\KVKLZ[H]HYPm]LSLTJVU[L_[VZLTX\LVKLZLTWLUOVt]HSVYP
aHKV7VYZ\H]LaHMLSPJPKHKLKLTVUZ[YV\JHWHJPKHKLWHYHWYLKPaLYZVTLU[LHH\[VH]HSPHsqVKVZHS\UVZ
PLKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVZ\IQL[P]V
*VUZPKLYHUKV WVZZx]LPZ KPMLYLUsHZ KL NtULYV VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ UqV KLTVUZ[YHYHT KPMLYLUsHZ ZPNUPÄ
JH[P]HZ7VYZ\H]LaHS\UVZX\LYLHSPaH]HT\THV\THPZH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZ[PUOHTWLYJLsLZ
THPZLSL]HKHZKLMLSPJPKHKLLLZ[\KHU[LZX\LYLHSPaH]HTTHPZKLK\HZH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZ[PUOHT
TLSOVYLZWLYJLsLZKLJVTWL[vUJPHLUX\HU[VHS\UVZPLKLZLTWLUOVZ\IQL[P]VX\HUKVJVTWHYHKVZ
JVT LZ[\KHU[LZ X\L UqV KLZLTWLUOH]HT X\HSX\LY H[P]PKHKL L_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHY ,Z[LZ YLZ\S[HKVZ WVKLT
KL]LYZL HV MHJ[V KL LZ[\KHU[LZ THPZ LU]VS]PKVZ LT H[P]PKHKLZ L_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZ [LYLT YLKLZ WLZZVHPZ
THPZHIYHUNLU[LZL\TTHPVYSLX\LKLL_WLYPvUJPHZX\LWLYTP[LTVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZ
ZVJPVLTVJPVUHPZLH\[VLZ[PTH6ZYLZ\S[HKVZKLTVUZ[YHYHTHPUKHX\LHS\UVZJVTLZ[H[\[VKLLZ[\KHU
[LLHS\UVZJVTLZ[H[\[VKL[YHIHSOHKVYLZ[\KHU[LUqVKPMLYPYHTX\HU[VnZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZLZ[\KHKHZ
ULTX\HU[VHVZYLZ\S[HKVZVIQL[P]VZLZ\IQL[P]VZKVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJV
,Z[L[YHIHSOVYLMVYsHHPTWVY[oUJPHX\LHWYVTVsqVKLJVTWL[vUJPHZZVJPVLTVJPVUHPZWVKLHZZ\TPY
UH WYLWHYHsqV WHYH V [YHIHSOV HJHKtTPJV LUX\HU[V PTWVY[HU[L JVU[YPI\[V WHYH H MVYTHsqV PU[LNYHS L
OVSxZ[PJHKVPUKP]xK\VLWHYHHWYVTVsqVKHZ\HHKHW[HsqVLX\HSPKHKLKL]PKHM\[\YHUV[YHIHSOVLUVZ
]mYPVZJVU[L_[VZKL]PKH
Conclusões
<TH]LaX\LHZ]HYPm]LPZWVZP[P]HZKLTVUZ[YHYHT[LYWVKLYWYLKP[P]VZVIYLVILTLZ[HYLVZYLZ\S[H
KVZVIQL[P]VZLZ\IQL[P]VZKVKLZLTWLUOVHJHKtTPJVKVZPUKP]xK\VZ[VYUHZLPTWVY[HU[L!
=HSVYPaHYKLZLU]VS]LYLWYVTV]LYJVTWL[vUJPHZJVNUP[P]VLTVJPVUHPZUHMVYTHsqVHJHKtTPJHX\L
WYLWHYHHPU[LNYHsqVUVT\UKVKV[YHIHSOV"
7YVTV]LYHVMLY[HLHWHY[PJPWHsqVKVZLZ[\KHU[LZLTH[P]PKHKLZL_[YHJ\YYPJ\SHYLZUVZLU[PKVKL
WV[LUJPHYVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLJVTWL[vUJPHZZVJPVLTVJPVUHPZLPU[LYWLZZVHPZHPU[LYKLWLUKvUJPH
UVNY\WVL\TTHPVYLU]VS]PTLU[VUVJVU[L_[VHJHKtTPJV"L
7YVTV]LYHVMLY[HLHWHY[PJPWHsqVKLLZ[\KHU[LZLTNY\WVZKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VWLZZVHSLLTV
JPVUHSLN[\[VYPHZLTLU[VYPHLU[YLV\[YVZ[LUKVLT]PZ[HHWYVTVsqVKL\THJVTWHUOHTLU[V
PUKP]PK\HSPaHKVKVHS\UVHVSVUNVKVZL\WLYJ\YZVHJHKtTPJV
9LMLYvUJPHZ)PISPVNYmÄJHZ
(U[HYHTPHU : (ZZLZZPUN WZ`JOVSVNPJHS Z`TW[VTZ HUK ^LSSILPUN! (WWSPJH[PVU VM H K\HSMHJ[VY
TLU[HSOLHS[OTVKLS[V\UKLYZ[HUKJVSSLNLZ[\KLU[WLYMVYTHUJLJournal of Psychoeducational Asses-
sment, 33
(YN`SL44HY[PU4 *YVZZSHUK1 /HWWPULZZHZHM\UJ[PVUVMWLYZVUHSP[`HUKZVJPHSLUJV\U[LYZ
0U7-VYNHZ 140UULZ,KZRecent advances in social psychology: an international perspective
WW (TZ[LYKHT!5VY[O/VSSHUK,SZL]PLY:JPLUJL
(ZHRH^H21HWHULZLJVSSLNLZ[\KLU[Z!/V^KV[OL`L_WLYPLUJLJOHSSLUNLZPUKHPS`SPML&Journal of
Happiness Studies5O[[WZ!KVPVYN)!16/:
)\ROHYP:9 2OHUHT:1;YHP[LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLHZHWYLKPJ[VYVMHJHKLTPJWLYMVYTHUJL
PU\UP]LYZP[`Z[\KLU[ZPakistan Journal of Psychology47
*HY]HSOV+5L[V- 4H]YV]LSP:;YHP[LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLHUKKPZWVZP[PVUMVYMVYNP]LULZZ
Psychological Reports, 107KVP! 79
*VZ[H( -HYPH3(]HSPHsqVKHPU[LSPNvUJPHLTVJPVUHS!(YLSHsqVLU[YLTLKPKHZKLKLZLTWLUOV
LKLH\[VYYLSH[VPsicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 30
*VZ[H( -HYPH3;OLPTWHJ[VM,TV[PVUHS0U[LSSPNLUJLVU(JHKLTPJ(JOPL]LTLU[!(SVUNP[\KPUHS
Z[\K`PU7VY[\N\LZLZLJVUKHY`ZJOVVS3LHYUPUNHUK0UKP]PK\HS+PќLYLUJLZ
*ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P 4 Flow. The psychology of optimal experience Z[ LK 5L^ @VYR! /HYWLY
9V^
+P-HIPV( 2LUU`4,7YVTV[PUN^LSSILPUN!;OLJVU[YPI\[PVUVMLTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLFron-
tiers in Psychology7O[[WZ!KVPVYN MWZ`N
+PLULY, :\IQLJ[P]L^LSSILPUNPsychological Bulletin, 95
+PLULY,:\O, 6PZOP: 9LJLU[ÄUKPUNZVUZ\IQLJ[P]L^LSSILPUNIndian Journal of Clinical
Psychology24O[[WZ!KVPVYN
.V\]LPH417HPZ9PILPYV14HYX\LZ4 *HY]HSOV*,Z[\KV!=HSPKP[`HUKYLSPHIPSP[`VM[OL
7VY[\N\LZL]LYZPVUVM[OL+PZWVZP[PVUHS-SV^:JHSLPUL_LYJPZL+-:0U41.V\]LPH,KFlow
disposicional e o bem-estar espiritual em praticantes de actividades físicas de inspiração oriental (pp.
3PZIVH!0UZ[P[\[V<UP]LYZP[mYPVKL7ZPJVSVNPH(WSPJHKH0:7(
.V\]LPH==-VUZvJH753PUZ:3)3PTH(= .V\]LPH9:=,ZJHSHKL)LT,Z[HY
(ML[P]VUV;YHIHSOV1(>:!,]PKvUJPHZKL]HSPKHKLMH[VYPHSLJVUZPZ[vUJPHPU[LYUH7ZPJVSVNPH!9LÅL_qV
e Crítica, 21
1HJRZVU:( ,RS\UK9*(ZZLZZPUNÅV^PUWO`ZPJHSHJ[P]P[`!;OL-SV^:[H[L:JHSLHUK
+PZWVZP[PVUHS-SV^:JHSLJournal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24
1HJRZVU:(-VYK:22PTPLJPR1* 4HYZO/> 7Z`JOVSVNPJHSJVYYLSH[LZVMÅV^PUZWVY[
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology20O[[WZ!KVPVYNQZLW
1HJRZVU:( 4HYZO/> +L]LSVWTLU[HUK]HSPKH[PVUVMHZJHSL[VTLHZ\YLVW[PTHSL_WL
YPLUJL! ;OL -SV^ :[H[L :JHSL Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 18 O[[WZ!KVP
VYNQZLW
2H[^`R7;-V_::WLJ[VY7, 2LSSV^H`,2<ZPUN[OL1VI9LSH[LK(ќLJ[P]L>LSS)LPUN
:JHSL 1(>: [V PU]LZ[PNH[L HќLJ[P]L YLZWVUZLZ [V ^VYR Z[YLZZVYZ Journal of Occupational Health
Psychology, 5 KVP!
2PT::\UN17HYR1 +P[[TVYL:>;OLYLSH[PVUZOPWHTVUNSLPZ\YLH[[P[\KLZH[PZMHJ[PVU
HUK WZ`JOVSVNPJHS ^LSSILPUN MVY JVSSLNL Z[\KLU[Z Journal of Physical Education and Sport 15

2V`KLTPY : :JO[a ( ,TV[PVUHS PU[LSSPNLUJL WYLKPJ[Z JVTWVULU[Z VM Z\IQLJ[P]L ^LSSILPUN
IL`VUK WLYZVUHSP[`! ( [^VJV\U[Y` Z[\K` \ZPUN ZLSM HUK PUMVYTHU[ YLWVY[Z The Journal of Positive
Psychology7O[[WZ!KVPVYN
3`\IVTPYZR`:The how of happiness: A new approach to getting the life you want<:(!7LUN\PU
Press.
3`\IVTPYZR` : 3LWWLY / : ( TLHZ\YL VM Z\IQLJ[P]L OHWWPULZZ! 7YLSPTPUHY` YLSPHIPSP[` HUK
JVUZ[Y\J[]HSPKH[PVUSocial Indicators Research, 46
4H`LY1+ :HSV]L`7 ;OLPU[LSSPNLUJLVMLTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLIntelligence17¶
5HRHT\YH1 *ZPRZaLU[TPOHS`P4;OLJVUJLW[VMÅV^The Handbook of Positive Psychology
13 O[[WZ!KVPVYN F
5L[V-7LYZVUHSP[`WYLKPJ[VYZVMOHWWPULZZPsychological Reports88
6»)V`SL,//\TWOYL`9/7VSSHJR14/H^]LY;/ :[VY`7(;OLYLSH[PVUIL[^LLU
LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLHUKQVIWLYMVYTHUJL!(TL[HHUHS`ZPZJournal of Organizational Behavior32

7HPZ9PILPYV 1 3 =HSPKHsqV [YHUZJ\S[\YHS KH LZJHSH KL MLSPJPKHKL Z\IQLJ[P]H KL 3`\IVTPYZR` L
3LWWLYPsicologia, Saúde & Doenças13
7LYLYH/5;OLPU[LYUHSZ[Y\J[\YLVMYLZWVUZLZ[V[OL[YHP[LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLX\LZ[PVUUHPYL
ZOVY[MVYT!(UL_WSVYH[VY`Z[Y\J[\YHSLX\H[PVUTVKLSPUNHWWYVHJOJournal of Personality Assessment
97O[[WZ!KVPVYN
7LYLYH/5;OLYVSLVM[YHP[LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLPUHJHKLTPJWLYMVYTHUJL!;OLVYL[PJHSV]LY]PL^
HUKLTWPYPJHS\WKH[LThe Journal of Psychology150 O[[WZ!KVPVYN

7L[YPKLZ 2 = -\YUOHT ( ;YHP[ LTV[PVUHS PU[LSSPNLUJL! 7Z`JOVTL[YPJ PU]LZ[PNH[PVU ^P[O YLML
YLUJL [V LZ[HISPZOLK [YHP[ [H_VUVTPLZ European Journal of Personality 15 ¶ O[[WZ!KVP
VYNWLY
7L[YPKLZ2= -\YUOHT(;OLYVSLVM[YHP[LTV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLPUHNLUKLYώZWLJPÄJTVKLSVM
VYNHUPaH[PVUHS]HYPHISLZJournal of Applied Social Psychology, 36
9`HU94 +LJP,36UOHWWPULZZHUKO\THUWV[LU[PHSZ!(YL]PL^VMYLZLHYJOVUOLKVUPJHUK
L\KHPTVUPJ^LSSILPUNAnnual Review of Psychology52
:mUJOLaÍS]HYLa5,_[YLTLYH5 -LYUmUKLa)LYYVJHS7;OLYLSH[PVUIL[^LLULTV[PVUHSPU[L
SSPNLUJLHUKZ\IQLJ[P]L^LSSILPUN!(TL[HHUHS`[PJPU]LZ[PNH[PVUJournal of Positive Psychology11
O[[WZ!KVPVYN
:\TH`H0* +HYSPUN,7YVJYHZ[PUH[PVUÅV^HUKHJHKLTPJWLYMVYTHUJLPUYLHS[PTL\ZPUN[OL
L_WLYPLUJLZHTWSPUNTL[OVK\ZPUN[OLL_WLYPLUJLZHTWSPUNTL[OVKThe Journal of Genetic Psycho-
logy Research179O[[WZ!KVPVYN
>HUN4AV\/AOHUN> /V\2,TV[PVUHSPU[LSSPNLUJLHUKZ\IQLJ[P]L^LSSILPUNPU*OP
ULZL\UP]LYZP[`Z[\KLU[Z!;OLYVSLVMO\TVYJournal of Happiness StudiesO[[WZ!KVPVYN
Z
>HYY7 Work, unemployment, and menial health6_MVYK,UNSHUK!6_MVYK<UP]LYZP[`7YLZZ
>HYY7 ;OLTLHZ\YLTLU[VM^LSSILPUNHUKV[OLYHZWLJ[ZVMTLU[HSOLHS[OJournal of Occupatio-
nal Psychology63 O[[WZ!KVPVYNQ [I_
Patrícia Marcelina Loures
Pedagoga.
7YVMLZZVYH4LZ[YLLT,K\JHsqV
O Programa de
KH7VU[PMxJPH<UP]LYZPKHKL
*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZ Educação e Cidadania
e a Alfabetização
7YVMLZZVYHKHYLKLWISPJH
KLLUZPUV4LTIYVKL7,*
7YVNYHTHKL+PYLP[VZ/\THUVZ
796,?*+,?7<*.VPmZ
4LTIYVKV+PYL[}YPVKL7LZX\PZH de Adultos
*57X7967,7<*.VPmZ
,K\JHsqV/PZ[}YPH4LT}YPH
L*\S[\YHZLTKPMLYLU[LZ
espaços sociais.
Presidente da Comissão
5V]H]LULaPUHKL-VSJSVYL
KL.VPmZ RESUMO! 6 WYLZLU[L [YHIHSOV ]PZH HWYLZLU[HY LSL
WH[YPJPHSV\YLZW\JNV'NTHPSJVT TLU[VZ PTWVY[HU[LZ HJLYJH KV 7YVQL[V KL (SMHIL[PaHsqV
KL (K\S[VZ L 0KVZVZ X\L ]LT ZLUKV KLZLU]VS]PKV WLSV
7YVNYHTHKL,_[LUZqV,K\JHsqVL*PKHKHUPH7,*]PU
J\SHKVHV7YVNYHTHKL+PYLP[VZ/\THUVZ7+/KH7VU[P
MxJPH<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZ67YVQL[V[LTJVTV
VIQL[P]V TPUPTPaHY WVY TLPV KV HJLZZV n HSMHIL[PaHsqV
VZ WYVJLZZVZ KL PUQ\Z[PsH L L_JS\ZqV ZVJPHS JHYHJ[LYPaH
KVZWLSHULNHsqVKVKPYLP[VnLZJVSH6[YHIHSOVJVUZPZ[L
LTKLZLU]VS]LYWYVJLZZVZKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVLSL[YHTLU[V
HWHY[PYKHZ]P]vUJPHZL_WLYPvUJPHZKV\UP]LYZVKHJ\S[\YH
KVZHS\UVZJVUMVYTLVZWYLZZ\WVZ[VZ[L}YPJVZLTL[V
KVS}NPJVZKL7H\SV-YLPYL:LN\PUKVHWLYZWLJ[P]HMYLPYLH
UHI\ZJHZLVWVY[\UPaHYHVZHS\UVZVZ\ZVZKHSLP[\YHL
KHLZJYP[HJVTVTLJHUPZTVZKLWHY[PJPWHsqVZVJPHSWHYH
X\L LZZLZ Z\QLP[VZ JVTWYLLUKHT V ZPZ[LTH HSMHIt[PJV L
Z\HM\UsqVUHZVJPLKHKLLL_LYJP[LTVZJVUOLJPTLU[VZ
HWYLUKPKVZ LT ZP[\HsLZ KH ]PKH JV[PKPHUH ,ZWLYHZL
JVT LZ[L WYVQL[V JVU[YPI\PY WHYH H NHYHU[PH KV KPYLP[V n
JPKHKHUPHUHWLYZWLJ[P]HKHQ\Z[PsHZVJPHS
Palavras-chave!(SMHIL[PaHsqV1\Z[PsH:VJPHS*PKH
dania.
1. O Programa de Educação e Cidadania e o compromisso com as questões sociais
67YVNYHTHKL,K\JHsqVL*PKHKHUPH7,*7<*.VPmZOVQLSPNHKVHV7+/7<*.VPmZ7YVNYHTHKL
+PYLP[VZ/\THUVZJVUZ[P[\PZ\HOPZ[}YPHKLZKLHKtJHKHKLWLYxVKVLZ[LKLKPZJ\ZZLZPTWVY[HU[LZ
WHYHHLK\JHsqVIYHZPSLPYHUVZLU[PKVKHS\[HWLSHNHYHU[PHKLKPYLP[VZLK\JHJPVUHPZLZVJPHPZUVZKP]LYZVZ
JHTWVZ JVTV WVKLZL VIZLY]HY UV [L_[V KH *VUZ[P[\PsqV -LKLYHS L KLTHPZ [L_[VZ SLNHPZ KV TLZTV
WLYxVKV*VTVILTL_WYLZZHV7YVQL[V7VSx[PJV7LKHN}NPJVKV7YVNYHTH!
67YVNYHTHKL,K\JHsqVL*PKHKHUPH7,*MVPPUZ[P[\xKVLT WVYTLPVKHWHYJLYPHKHLU[qV
<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZ<*.JVTZLNTLU[VZZVJPHPZJVTWYVTL[PKVZJVT\TWYVJLZZV
KLLK\JHsqVTHPZHTWSVJVUZJPLU[LLJYx[PJVHSPJLYsHKVUHZJVUJLWsLZMYLPYLHUHZKLLK\JHsqV
LZVJPLKHKL67YVNYHTHUHZKtJHKHZKL L H[\V\JVTV\TWYVNYHTHKLMVYTHsqV
KLWYVMLZZVYLZKHYLKLWISPJHKVZT\UPJxWPVZKH+PVJLZLKL.VPmZU\TJVU[L_[VLK\JHJPVUHS
THYJHKVWLSHH\ZvUJPHKLWVSx[PJHZWISPJHZWHYHMVYTHsqVLTUx]LSZ\WLYPVYKLWYVMLZZVYLZKHL
WHYHLK\JHsqVImZPJH5LZZLJVU[L_[VV7,*UHZJLJVTHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLJVU[YPI\PYJVTHMVY
THsqVPUPJPHSKLWYVMLZZVYLZUHYLNPqVKH+PVJLZLKL.VPmZWVZ[LYPVYTLU[LHTWSPV\Z\HZHsLZ
[HTItTWHYHVZT\UPJxWPVZKL(IHKPHKL.VPmZ/PKYVSoUKPH*HSKHZ5V]HZ4VYYPUOVZL.VPoUPH
7<*.VPmZW
,T[VKVZL\OPZ[}YPJVVWYVNYHTH]LTWYVTV]LUKVLZ[\KVZX\L]qVHVLUJVU[YVKL\THJVTWYLLU
ZqVTHPZHTWSHKVZWYVJLZZVZX\LLU]VS]LTHVYNHUPaHsqVKHZVJPLKHKLILTJVTVHTPUPTPaHsqVKHZ
KLZPN\HSKHKLZZVJPHPZWYVTV]LUKV\TJVUQ\U[VHY[PJ\SHKVKLHsLZLU]VS]LUKVVZWYPUJxWPVZKH<UP]LY
ZPKHKLIYHZPSLPYHUVX\LKPaYLZWLP[VHV,UZPUV7LZX\PZHL,_[LUZqV
(JVTWYLLUZqVKLLK\JHsqVLJPKHKHUPH[HU[VKVZWYLJ\YZVYLZKVWYVNYHTHJVTVKVZH[\HPZTLT
IYVZJVUJVYKHJVTVZWYPUJxWPVZÄSVZ}ÄJVZKL7H\SV-YLPYL VX\HSHÄYTHX\LLZZLJVTWYVTL[P
TLU[VJVTHJVUZJPvUJPHOPZ[}YPJHZPNUPÄJH\THPUZLYsqVJYx[PJHUHOPZ[}YPHUVZLU[PKVKLX\LVOVTLT
HZZ\THVWHWLSKLZ\QLP[VZX\LMHaLTLYLMHaLTVT\UKV
7VY[HU[VVIQL[P]HZLJVU[YPI\PYWHYHHMVYTHsqVKVZHJHKvTPJVZKH7<*.VPmZLKHJVT\UPKHKL
NVPHUPLUZLWVYTLPVKLKLIH[LZLKLHsLZUVJHTWVKHLK\JHsqVLK\JHsqVHX\PJVTWYLLUKPKHUV
ZLU[PKVHTWSPHKVJVTVLZ[mWYL]PZ[HUH3LPKL+PYL[YPaLZL)HZLZKH,K\JHsqV5HJPVUHSLTZL\(Y[¢!
(LK\JHsqVHIYHUNLVZWYVJLZZVZMVYTH[P]VZX\LZLKLZLU]VS]LTUH]PKHMHTPSPHYUHJVU]P]vUJPH
O\THUHUV[YHIHSOVUHZPUZ[P[\PsLZKLLUZPUVLWLZX\PZHUVZTV]PTLU[VZZVJPHPZLVYNHUPaH
sLZKHZVJPLKHKLJP]PSLUHZTHUPMLZ[HsLZJ\S[\YHPZ
(JVUJLWsqVKL-YLPYLZVIYLVKPmSVNV]HPHVLUJVU[YVKV[YHIHSOVL_[LUZPVUPZ[HUV7,*WVYX\LH
[VKVPUZ[HU[LOmH[YVJHKLZHILYLZLU[YLHJHKvTPJVZWYVMLZZVYLZLTLTIYVZKHZVJPLKHKL*HKHZ\QLP
[VWVZZ\P\THJHTPUOHKHKPMLYLU[LPTWYPTPUKVZ\HZJVU[YPI\PsLZMYLU[LnZHsLZ*VU[\KVtWYLJPZV
LZMVYsVWHYHX\LVJVYYH\TWYVJLZZVKPHS}NPJVLVKPYLP[VnWHSH]YHUqVZLQHULNHKV5LZZHWLYZWLJ[P]H
V[YHIHSOVVJVYYLJVTTHPVYÅ\PKLaZ\WLYHZLHJLU[YHSPaHsqVKLWVKLYL[VKVZZLU[LTZLYLWYLZLU[HKVZ
UHZ[VTHKHZKLKLJPZLZUVJVSL[P]V
+LZKLV7,*KLZLU]VS]L\TJVUQ\U[VHY[PJ\SHKVKLWYVQL[VZLHsLZKLL_[LUZqVLTJHYm
[LYT\S[PKPZJPWSPUHYPU[LNYHUKVH[P]PKHKLZKLWLZX\PZHLLUZPUV([\HSTLU[LV7YVNYHTHJVUZ[P[\PZLUV
oTIP[VKH7<*.VPmZLTlocusWYP]PSLNPHKVKLMVYTHsqVKLWYVMLZZVYLZKHLWHYHLK\JHsqVImZPJHWVY
TLPVKHZZLN\PU[LZHsLZ!HSMHIL[PaHsqVKLQV]LUZLHK\S[VZ"HJVTWHUOHTLU[VKLWVSx[PJHZWISPJHZKL
LK\JHsqV -}Y\UZ *VUZLSOVZ L *VTP[vZ L *VTPZZLZ L KL KPmSVNV JVT VZ TV]PTLU[VZ ZVJPHPZ ILT
JVTV KHZ VYNHUPaHsLZ WVW\SHYLZ" H L_LTWSV KHZ KPZJ\ZZLZ LU]VS]LUKV ,K\JHsqV 7VW\SHY *\S[\YH
7VW\SHYL(SMHIL[PaHsqVKL1V]LUZL(K\S[VZLU[YLV\[YHZ
( L_[LUZqV \UP]LYZP[mYPH t JVTWYLLUKPKH UH 3+) 3LP U WYPTLPYHTLU[L UV *HWx[\SV 0=
(Y[PNVX\L[YH[HKHZÄUHSPKHKLZKVLUZPUVZ\WLYPVYLLTZL\S[PTVPUJPZVHVHÄYTHYZVIYLHPTWVY[oU
JPHKLZL¸WYVTV]LYHL_[LUZqVHILY[HnWHY[PJPWHsqVKHWVW\SHsqV]PZHUKVnKPM\ZqVKHZJVUX\PZ[HZ
LILULMxJPVZYLZ\S[HU[LZKHJYPHsqVJ\S[\YHSLKHWLZX\PZHJPLU[xÄJHL[LJUVS}NPJHNLYHKHZUHPUZ[P[\PsqV¹
3+) W5LZZLZLU[PKVHZHsLZKVWYVNYHTH]vTZLUKVKLZLU]VS]PKHZV\ZLQHWYPTHZL
WLSVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLH[P]PKHKLZX\LWYVWPJPLTHWHY[PJPWHsqVKLHS\UVZKH\UP]LYZPKHKLWYVMLZZVYLZ
LJVT\UPKHKLLTNLYHS
( LSHIVYHsqV KHZ HsLZ WLYTP[L X\L [HU[V HS\UVZ KH PUZ[P[\PsqV X\HU[V WYVMLZZVYLZ WVZZHT KLSHZ
WHY[PJPWHYH[P]HTLU[LL_LYJLUKVZL\WYV[HNVUPZTVLTPUPZ[YHUKVH[P]PKHKLZHZZPTJVTVKLSHZ[HTItT
WHY[PJPWHTWLZZVHZKHJVT\UPKHKLTH[YPJ\SHKHZJVTV]VS\U[mYPVZV\TPUPZ[YHUKVH[P]PKHKLZJVUKPaLU[LZ
JVTHWYVWVZ[HWVSx[PJVWLKHN}NPJHKVWYVNYHTH
2. O Projeto de Alfabetização do Programa de Educação e Cidadania da PUC Goiás
BD(SLP[\YHKVT\UKVWYLJLKLHSLP[\YHKHWHSH]YHKHxX\LHWVZ[LYPVYSLP[\YHKLZ[HUqVWVZZH
WYLZJPUKPYKHJVU[PU\PKHKLKHSLP[\YHKHX\LSL3PUN\HNLTLYLHSPKHKLZLWYLUKLTKPUHTPJHTLU[L
(JVTWYLLUZqVKV[L_[VHZLYHSJHUsHKHWVYZ\HSLP[\YHJYx[PJHPTWSPJHHWLYJLWsqVKHZYLSHsLZ
LU[YLV[L_[VLVJVU[L_[VBD7H\SV-YLPYLW
6[YHIHSOVKLZLU]VS]PKVWLSV7,*KLZKLHZ\HJYPHsqVLT Z\Z[LU[HZL[L}YPJHLTL[VKVSV
NPJHTLU[LUVZWYLZZ\WVZ[VZKHLK\JHsqVLKHJ\S[\YHWVW\SHY-9,09, ")9(5+²6
*VTIHZLULZ[LYLMLYLUJPHSI\ZJHZLJVU[YPI\PYWVYTLPVKVLZ[\KVKVKLIH[LLKHHsqVWHYHHJVUZ
[Y\sqVKHKLTVJYHJPHLKHJPKHKHUPHJVTVM\UKHTLU[VKH]PKHZVJPHSJVU[LTWVYoULHUHJVU[YHWVZPsqV
HX\HSX\LYMVYTHKLL_JS\ZqV
:HILZLX\LUV)YHZPSOm TPSOLZKLHUHSMHIL[VZZLN\UKVH75(+7LZX\PZH5HJPVUHSKL(TVZ
[YHKL+VTPJxSPVZ0).,/mHPUKHTHPZKLTPSOLZKLHK\S[VZUVT\UKVX\LZqVHUHSMHIL[VZKL
HJVYKVJVTH<ULZJVLV)YHZPSLZ[mUVNY\WVKHX\LSLZX\LPU]LZ[LTTLUVZKVX\LKL]LYPHTULZZL
WYVJLZZV5LZZLJLUmYPVV7,*7<*.VPmZ]LTH[\HUKVKLZKLJVTVWYVQL[VKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVKL
HK\S[VZLPKVZVZWVYTLPVKL\TWYVJLZZVKL,K\JHsqVUqVMVYTHSJVTVZPUHSPaH4HYPHKH.S}YPH.OVU

6WYVQL[VKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVUqVLZ[mSPNHKVMVYTHSTLU[LHVZZPZ[LTHZWISPJVZKLLUZPUV\TH]La
X\LLZ[HKLTHUKHWVY\THL_PNvUJPHKV[LTWVKLKPJHKVHV[YHIHSOVLnWY}WYPHZ\IZPZ[vUJPHPTWLKLVZ
HS\UVZKLLZ[HYLTTH[YPJ\SHKVZUVZPZ[LTHYLN\SHYKLLUZPUV0ZZVWVKLZLY]LYPÄJHKVWVYTLPVKLKLWVP
TLU[VZKLHSN\UZHS\UVZX\LWVY]LaLZKLSLZYLSH[HTKPÄJ\SKHKLZKLSPILYHsqVLTKPHZ[LPZWHYHLZ[HYLT
UHPUZ[P[\PsqVLZJVSHY9HYVZUqVZqVVZJHZVZLTX\LMHaLTYLSH[VZWHYLJPKVZJVTVKH:YH+HUVZ!
¸WYVMLZZVYH[YHIHSOVVKPH[VKVWLNV[YvZUPI\ZWHYHJOLNHYHV[YHIHSOVLU[qVUqVJVUZPNVLZ[\KHYH
UVP[LWVPZtT\P[VJHUZHsV¹6\[YVZMHaLTYLSH[VZZLTLSOHU[LZJVTVVKV:Y9HUVZ!¸TLTH[YPJ\SLP
LUqVJVUZLN\P[LYTPUHY,YHJHUZHsVLHS\UVZQV]LUZX\LUqVX\LYLTLZ[\KHYH[YHWHSOHTX\LTX\LY¹
6\JVTVVYLSH[VKH:YH,HUVZX\LKPa!¸WYVMLZZVYHTVYH]HUHYVsHUqV[PUOHJVTVLZ[\KHY4L\
ZVUOVLYHLZ[\KHYLLZ[V\[LUKVVWVY[\UPKHKLHNVYH¹
:HILZLX\LTLZTVLZ[HUKVNHYHU[PKHUHMVYTHKHSLPIYHZPSLPYHVWYVJLZZVKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVWVY
TLPVKVLUZPUVMVYTHSWVYKP]LYZHZYHaLZLHVTLZTV[LTWVWVYYHaLZILTWHYLJPKHZUqV[LTJOL
NHKVH[VKVZL[LTZPKVKPMxJPSMHaLY]HSLYLZZLZKPYLP[VZHWLZHYKLLZ[HYHZZPTL_WYLZZV!
(Y[¢6KL]LYKV,Z[HKVJVTLK\JHsqVLZJVSHYWISPJHZLYmLML[P]HKVTLKPHU[LHNHYHU[PHKL!
0¶LUZPUVM\UKHTLU[HSVIYPNH[}YPVLNYH[\P[VPUJS\ZP]LWHYHVZX\LHLSLUqV[P]LYHTHJLZZVUH
PKHKLWY}WYPH"=00¶VMLY[HKLLK\JHsqVLZJVSHYYLN\SHYWHYHQV]LUZLHK\S[VZJVTJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ
LTVKHSPKHKLZHKLX\HKHZnZZ\HZULJLZZPKHKLZLKPZWVUPIPSPKHKLZNHYHU[PUKVZLHVZX\LMVYLT
[YHIHSOHKVYLZ HZ JVUKPsLZ KL HJLZZV L WLYTHUvUJPH UH LZJVSH" (Y[ ¢ 6 HJLZZV HV LUZPUV
M\UKHTLU[HS t KPYLP[V WISPJV Z\IQL[P]V WVKLUKV X\HSX\LY JPKHKqV NY\WV KL JPKHKqVZ HZZV
JPHsqVJVT\UP[mYPHVYNHUPaHsqVZPUKPJHSLU[PKHKLKLJSHZZLV\V\[YHSLNHSTLU[LJVUZ[P[\xKHL
HPUKHV4PUPZ[tYPV7ISPJVHJPVUHYV7VKLY7ISPJVWHYHL_PNPSV¢*VTWL[LHVZ,Z[HKVZLHVZ
4\UPJxWPVZLTYLNPTLKLJVSHIVYHsqVLJVTHHZZPZ[vUJPHKH<UPqV!0¶YLJLUZLHYHWVW\SHsqV
LTPKHKLLZJVSHYWHYHVLUZPUVM\UKHTLU[HSLVZQV]LUZLHK\S[VZX\LHLSLUqV[P]LYHTHJLZZV
(JVTWYLLUZqVX\LZL[LTtX\LVTLYJHKVKL[YHIHSOVHIZVY]LV[YHIHSOHKVYKL[HSMVYTHX\LVZ
TLZTVZZLTV\[YHLZJVSOHVW[HTWLSV[YHIHSOVWLSVZ\Z[LU[VLTKL[YPTLU[VHVZLZ[\KVZ+P]LYZVZ
HS\UVZ[vTUVZYLSH[HKVKLMVYTHLTVJPVUHKHVZTV[P]VZKHLZJVSOHLKPaLTKHLZWLYHUsHLTWVKLY
LZ[\KHYHWYLUKLYHSLYLZJYL]LYHWYLUKLYLWVKLY[LYHJOHUJLKLWHY[PJPWHYKVT\UKVKLMVYTHTHPZ
LML[P]H
([\HSTLU[LV7YVNYHTHKL,K\JHsqVL*PKHKHUPHLTZL\JVUQ\U[VKLHsLZZLTLZ[YHPZH[\HJVTV
WYVQL[VKL(SMHIL[PaHsqVKL(K\S[VZLH[LUKLUVTVTLU[VHX\PU[H[\YTH6WYVQL[VPUPJPV\ZLLT
YLJLILUKVHS\UVZHJPTHKLHUVZLZLTSPTP[LTm_PTVKLPKHKL6WISPJVPUPJPHSTLU[LLYHJVTWVZ[V
WVYM\UJPVUmYPVZLML[P]VZKHPUZ[P[\PsqVM\UJPVUmYPVZ[LYJLPYPaHKVZHS\UVZKHJVT\UPKHKLLWVYÄTHS\UVZ
KV 7YVNYHTH KL .LYVU[VSVNPH :VJPHS L <UP]LYZPKHKL (ILY[H n ;LYJLPYH 0KHKL ,T TtKPH KL PKHKL Om
H[LUKPTLU[VLU[YLHS\UVZHJPTHKLHUVZH[tLTZ\HTHPVYPHT\SOLYLZ(ZHSHLTX\LVWYVNYHTH
HJVU[LJLtHTIPLU[HKHWHYHVWYVJLZZVKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVMY\[VKLWHYJLYPHJVTHWYVMLZZVYHKVJ\YZVKL
7LKHNVNPHX\LH[\HJVTH[LTm[PJHHSMHIL[PaHsqVLSL[YHTLU[V
*VTVHWVPVKL]VS\U[mYPVZKH\UP]LYZPKHKLUVZKVPZS[PTVZZLTLZ[YLZMVPWVZZx]LSHVYNHUPaHsqV
KLK\HZ[\YTHZKPZ[PU[HZ(WYPTLPYHJVTHS\UVZX\LQmKL[PUOHTWHY[LKVWYVJLZZVKLSLP[\YHLLZJYP[HL
KLTHUKH]HTSLP[\YHWYVK\sqVLPU[LYWYL[HsqV"LHZLN\UKHJVTWVZ[HKLHS\UVZX\LLZ[H]HTUVWYV
JLZZVPUPJPHSKLHSMHIL[PaHsqV/mWVY]LaLZ]VS\U[mYPVZKHJVT\UPKHKLX\LH[\HTJVSHIVYHUKVJVTV
WYVJLZZVKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH[\YTH
67YVNYHTHKL,K\JHsqVL*PKHKHUPHLTZL\WYVQL[VKL(SMHIL[PaHsqVKL(K\S[VZWYVJ\YHWYPVYPaHY
VZWYLZZ\WVZ[VZMYLPYLHUVZWYPTHUKVWLSHKPHSVNPJPKHKLLWLSHWHY[PJPWHsqVH[P]HKVZZ\QLP[VZ]PZHUKVV
WYVJLZZVKLJVUZJPLU[PaHsqVMYLU[LnYLHSPKHKL]P]LUJPHKHVX\LUqVZLJVUZ[P[\PJVTV[HYLMHMmJPS6Z
HS\UVZ JOLNHT JVT KP]LYZHZ KLTHUKHZ L KP]LYZHZ Q\Z[PÄJH[P]HZ WHYH V HMHZ[HTLU[V KH LZJVSH ZLUKV
X\HZLZLTWYLHS}NPJHKLZ\IZPZ[vUJPHMYLU[LnZL_PNvUJPHZKV[YHIHSOVHYHaqVX\LVZHMHZ[V\KHLK\
JHsqVMVYTHS+HxVZTV[P]VZWLSVZX\HPZVZWYVJLZZVZ[YHIHSOHKVZUVWYVQL[VKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVLZ[HYLT
KPYL[HTLU[LSPNHKVZnJVTWYLLUZqVKLKPYLP[VZLUX\HU[VJPKHKqVZWYVTV]PKHZLTH[P]PKHKLZNY\WHPZ
7VY [VKV V WLYÄS HWYLZLU[HKV WLSHZ [\YTHZ H[LUKPKHZ WYPVYPaHTZL VZ WYLZZ\WVZ[VZ KH ,K\JHsqV
7VW\SHYKLMLUKPKVZWVY7H\SV-YLPYLJVTVTVSHWYVW\SZVYHWHYHHZHsLZHZLYLTKLZLU]VS]PKHZ(WHY
[PJPWHsqVLML[P]HKVJVSL[P]VJVU[H[HU[VJVTWYVMLZZVYLZKVWYVNYHTHJVTVJVT]VS\U[mYPVZLHS\UVZ
6WYVQL[VKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVKLHK\S[VZHWYLZLU[HZLJVTV\TLZWHsV[HTItTKLJ\S[P]HYHLZWLYHUsHL
WYPTHWLSHWLYTHULU[LI\ZJHWVYJVUOLJPTLU[VZX\LSOLZZqVULNHKVZHVSVUNVKLZ\HZOPZ[}YPHZJVTV
Z\QLP[VZ
+LHJVYKVJVT:HU[VZVWLUZHTLU[VKVLK\JHKVY7H\SV-YLPYLtKLZPNUPÄJH[P]HYLSL]oUJPH
ULZZL TVTLU[V L WYVWL \TH LK\JHsqV JVYHQVZH WVY TLPV KH X\HS V HUHSMHIL[V ZLYPH Z\QLP[V KL Z\H
HSMHIL[PaHsqV ,ZZH LK\JHsqV KL]L WYVWPJPHY HV LK\JHUKV \TH YLÅL_qV ZVIYL Z\HZ WV[LUJPHSPKHKLZ L
WHYHPZZVJHILHVLK\JHKVYHQ\KHYVOVTLTHHQ\KHYZL LHZZPTHKX\PYPY\THWVZ[\YHJVUZJPLU[LTLU[L
JYx[PJHKPHU[LKLZL\ZWYVISLTHZ
7HYH[HU[VVWYVNYHTHJVU[HJVTHsLZWLYTHULU[LZJVTVV.Y\WVKL,Z[\KVZL;YHIHSOVJPUL
KLIH[LZLTVTLU[VZKLWSHULQHTLU[VWHYHHZH[P]PKHKLZYLHSPaHKHZJVTVZHS\UVZKHZ[\YTHZ6ZLZ[\
KVZ YLHSPaHKVZ ZLTLZ[YHSTLU[L LU]VS]LUKV WYVMLZZVYLZ HS\UVZ KHZ SPJLUJPH[\YHZ L KLTHPZ NYHK\HsLZ
KHZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZZqVHILY[VZHVWISPJVLTNLYHSLWYPTHTWLSVWLYJ\YZVOPZ[}YPJVTHZUqV]PZS\TIYHT
ZVTLU[LLZZHHIVYKHNLTWVPZOm\THVWsqVJSHYHKVZWYLZZ\WVZ[VZKVNY\WVV\ZLQHHKPHSVNPJPKHKL
LZ[mWYLZLU[LLT[VKVZVZWYVJLZZVZ
*VTVWISPJVKL]VS\U[mYPVZX\LH[\HTKPYL[HTLU[LUV[YHIHSOVJVTHZ[\YTHZKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVZqV
KPZJ\[PKVZL_LTWSVZJVTVV4V]PTLU[VKL,K\JHsqVKL)HZL4,)JVTV\TTV]PTLU[VX\LUqVMVP
HSLH[}YPVUVWHxZZVMYLUKVHSN\THZJVUZLX\vUJPHZLTKL[LYTPUHKVZWLYxVKVZKHOPZ[}YPHKV)YHZPSQ\Z[H
TLU[LHJLYJHKHTL[VKVSVNPHKHWHY[PJPWHsqVH[P]HKVHS\UVLKLTHPZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ
(ZZPTVZTVUP[VYLZLVZ]VS\U[mYPVZX\LWHZZHTWLSV7,*SL]HTJVUZPNV\THIHNHNLTKPMLYLU
JPHKHUHH[\HsqVL_[LUZPVUPZ[HUH7<*.VPmZ5qVZqVYHYVZVZYLSH[VZKLHS\UVZ]VS\U[mYPVZJVTVVKH
HS\UH1!
¸WYVMLZZVYHZLL\[P]LZZLMYLX\LU[HKVH\UP]LYZPKHKLLUqV[P]LZZLWHY[PJPWHKVKLZ[LWYVQL[VKL
HSMHIL[PaHsqV[LUKVZVTLU[LHZSLP[\YHZL[YHIHSOVZLTZHSHL\QHTHPZWVKLYPH[LYHJVTWYLLUZqV
KHYLHSPKHKLX\L[LUOVOVQL5VLZ[mNPVJVTH,K\JHsqV0UMHU[PS,UZPUV-\UKHTLU[HSJVTJYPHU
sHZHWYLUKPT\P[VTHZUqV[PUOHUVsqVKVX\HU[VHZVJPLKHKLKL]LHLZ[LZ[YHIHSOHKVYLZX\L
HX\PLZ[qVJVUVZJVULZ[H[\YTHL[HTItTVTVKVKLSPKHYVYNHUPaHYH[\YTHLWYVK\aPYH[P]PKH
KLZZPNUPÄJH[P]HWHYHLZ[LZHS\UVZH[P]PKHKLZX\LZPY]HTWHYHH]PKHKLSLZ/VQLWLYJLIVHVÄUHS
KLZLTLZ[YLX\LVZHS\UVZZLKLZLU]VS]LYHTIHZ[HU[LLZLU[LTTHPZJVUÄHU[LZ¹
/VQLJVU[HZLJVTVHWVPVKHJVVYKLUHKVYPHKL,_[LUZqVX\L]PHIPSPaHHWVPVKVZJHUHPZKLJVT\UP
JHsqVKH7<*.VPmZQVYUHPZSVJHPZ9mKPV+PM\ZVYHL[HTItTJVTVPUJLU[P]VLHZWHYJLYPHZKLKP]LYZVZ
WYVMLZZVYLZL]VS\U[mYPVZX\LUqV[vTTLKPKVLZMVYsVZWHYHHHTWSPHsqVKVZH[LUKPTLU[VZnZ[\YTHZKL
HSMHIL[PaHsqV
7HYHVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZH[P]PKHKLZWLKHN}NPJHZI\ZJV\ZLPUPJPHSTLU[LVYPLU[HsLZKLWYVMLZ
ZVYLZX\LOH]PHTH[\HKVUVWYVQL[VKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVUHKtJHKHKL<THKLSHZJHYPUOVZHTLU[LMLa
VYPLU[HsLZWVU[\HPZHVZH[\HPZWYVMLZZVYLZL[HTItTHVZTVUP[VYLZ]VS\U[mYPVZ,Z[HWYVMLZZVYH[HTItT
NLU[PSTLU[LJLKL\TH[LYPHPZSP]YVZWHYHWLZX\PZH[VKVZSPNHKVZHVTVKVJVTV7H\SV-YLPYLH[\H]HKLZZH
THULPYHJ\S[P]HTVZT\P[HLZWLYHUsH
2.1. O MEB – Movimento de Educação de Base - Goiás
6PU[\P[VKL[YH[HYKV4,).VPmZULZ[HZLsqVUqVtHSLH[}YPV64,).VPmZHWYLZLU[V\JVTVZLTWYL
KPa *HYSVZ 9VKYPN\LZ )YHUKqV \T NYHUKL KPMLYLUJPHS :HILZL X\L V\[YVZ LZ[HKVZ IYHZPSLPYVZ [HTItT
KLZLU]VS]LYHT L_WLYPvUJPHZ L_P[VZHZ 4HZ H PU[LUsqV HX\P t KLZJYL]LY IYL]LTLU[L H LZZvUJPH KLZZL

5LZ[L[YHIHSOVLZZLHZZ\U[VZLYm[YH[HKVIYL]LTLU[L5V-}Y\T,1(6ZTHY-m]LYVYLHSPaH\TOPZ[}YPJVTHPZHWYVM\U
KHKVKHZL_WLYPvUJPHZ+PZWVUx]LSLT!#O[[W!MVY\TLQHVYNIYIVVRL_WVY[O[TS%(JLZZVLT!Q\U
TV]PTLU[VWVPZWYLaHZLWLSVZZL\ZWYPUJxWPVZHVZLYLTKLZLU]VS]PKHZH[P]PKHKLZKVWYVQL[VKLHSMHIL
[PaHsqVKLHK\S[VZ
:HU[VZZPUHSPaHX\L HZPKLPHZÄSVZ}ÄJHZLWLKHN}NPJHZKVLK\JHKVY7H\SV-YLPYLW\KLYHTZLY
JVSVJHKHZ LT WYm[PJHZ WVY TLPV KV 4V]PTLU[V KL *\S[\YH 7VW\SHY 4*7 LT 9LJPML L UV 9PV .YHUKL
KV5VY[L5LZZLWYVQL[VVZ*LU[YVZKL*\S[\YHLVZ*xYJ\SVZKL*\S[\YHLYHT\[PSPaHKVZWHYHHSMHIL[PaHY"
ULZZLZSVJHPZZ\YNPYHTTt[VKVZLHZKP]LYZHZJVU[YPI\PsLZ[L}YPJHZLWYm[PJHZH[tOVQL\[PSPaHKHZUHZJVU
JLWsLZKLLK\JHsqVKLHK\S[VZ6Tt[VKVPUH\N\YHKVWVY7H\SV-YLPYLTVKPÄJV\HLZ[Y\[\YHKVZJ\YZVZ
WHYHHK\S[VZWLYTP[PUKVJYPHY\THUV]HTHULPYHKLPU[LYWYL[HYVHK\S[VHUHSMHIL[V6HUHSMHIL[VWHZZHH
UqVZLY[YH[HKVJVT\TZLYHX\LTSOLMHS[HHSNVX\LWYLJPZHHKX\PYPYTHZJVTV\THWLZZVHULJLZZP[HKH
KLYL]LYZ\HZWVZPsLZJVUZJPLU[PaHZLKLZL\T\UKVWYVJ\YHYHUHSPZHYJVTWYLLUKLY[YHUZMVYTHYZL
6TLZTVVJVYYL\JVTV4,).VPmZLZLH[YPI\PVZ\JLZZVKVTV]PTLU[VUV,Z[HKVWVYJVU[HKV
JVTWYVTL[PTLU[VKVZWYVMLZZVYLZHUPTHKVYLZLU]VS]PKVZKHWHYJLYPHJVTHYmKPV+PM\ZVYHLWYPUJPWHS
TLU[LKVHWVPVKH0NYLQHL[HTItTKH7VU[PMxJPH<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZ
*VUMVYTL9VKYPN\LZ*VZ[HL.VTLZV4,)¶4V]PTLU[VKL,K\JHsqVKL)HZLKLZLU
]VS]PKVUVLZ[HKVKL.VPmZJVUZLN\P\[YHUZWVYVZSPTP[LZKVWYVQL[VHU[LYPVY4VIYHS\TH]LaX\LLYH
JVUKPsqVHWHY[PJPWHsqVLML[P]HKL[VKVZVZLU]VS]PKVZUVWYVJLZZV.VPmZ[L]L\TNYHUKLKPMLYLUJPHS
WVPZWYVMLZZVYHZNVPHUHZX\LOH]PHTYLHSPaHKVJ\YZVJVT7H\SV-YLPYLLT9LJPMLLZ[H]HTnMYLU[LKV
WYVJLZZVLW\KLYHTKLZLU]VS]LYJVTT\P[HYPX\LaHV[YHIHSOVKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVKLHK\S[VZLT[\YTHZUH
JHWP[HSKVLZ[HKVLUVPU[LYPVYKL.VPmZ(Z,ZJVSHZ9HKPVMUPJHZLT.VPmZMVYHTJVUZ[P[\xKHZJVTHWVPV
KH<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZOVQL7<*.VPmZKLUVTLZJVTV+VT-LYUHUKV+VT;VTmZ)H\K\x
UVWYVMLZZVYHZKHLU[qV<*.LTVUP[VYLZWLZZVHZKHJVT\UPKHKLT\P[VZKLSLZHS\UVZHSMHIL[PaHKVZ
KV4,)JVTWYVTL[PKVZJVTHS\[HJVU[YHVHUHSMHIL[PZTV<TKVZL_LTWSVZLZ[\KHKVZH[tVZKPHZ
H[\HPZtVTH[LYPHSWYVK\aPKV!)LULKP[VKL1V]LSPUHX\Lt\TJVUQ\U[VKPKm[PJVKP4,).64V]PTLU[VZ
7VW\SHYLZKH+tJHKHKL
9VKYPN\LZ*VZ[HL.VTLZYLZZHS[HTX\LLZZLMVP\T[YHIHSOVYLHSPaHKVLU]VS]LUKVVWYV
JLZZVKL(UPTHsqV7VW\SHY(576\TTV]PTLU[VX\LJVUZLN\P\ZLLML[P]HYUVPUxJPVKHKtJHKHKL
WVYTLPVKHZLZJVSHZYHKPVMUPJHZJVTYLJLWsqVVYNHUPaHKHLTJVU[H[VKPYL[VJVTHJVT\UPKHKL
(ZZPTUqVOH]PHWHKYVUPaHsqVUVWYVJLZZVKLKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKHZ[\YTHZ9LZWLP[H]HTZLHZKPMLYLU
sHZJ\S[\YHPZ
-YLU[LHV:PZ[LTHKL,UZPUVLUJVU[YHTVZKP]LYZHZPUPJPH[P]HZ7LYJLILZLX\LHLZJVSHLVZWYVÄZZPV
UHPZX\LULSHZ[YHIHSOHTZqVMHJPSTLU[LLUJVU[YHKVZTHZVZHS\UVZX\LJVTWLTVZKHKVZHWYLZLU[H
KVZTHSJVUZLN\LTJOLNHYnLZJVSHLZLJOLNHTKLZPZ[LTUVWLYJ\YZV6ZHS\UVZX\LMHaLTWHY[LKVZ
xUKPJLZKVHUHSMHIL[PZTVUV)YHZPSUqV]qVnLZJVSHWVYUqVX\LYLYLTPYV\WVYX\LVW[HTWVYUqVLZ[\KHY
;LTZL\THYLHSPKHKLHTHYNHLJVU[YHKP[}YPHLUqVZLWYL[LUKLHX\PLZNV[mSHTHZVIQL[P]HZLJVTWVY
\TYLSH[VKVWV\JVX\LZLJVUZLN\LMHaLYMYLU[LHVL_WVZ[V
/VQLVWYVNYHTHJVU[HJVTHX\PU[H[\YTHKLHSMHIL[PaHsqVX\LZLJHYHJ[LYPaHJVTVLK\JHsqVUqV
MVYTHSM\UJPVUHUKVUHZKLWLUKvUJPHZKH,ZJVSHKL-VYTHsqVKL7YVMLZZVYLZL/\THUPKHKLZ5H[\YTH
OmLTZ\HTHPVYPHT\SOLYLZLJVUZ[P[\PZLJVTV\TWYVQL[VWLYTHULU[LKLHSMHIL[PaHsqV[LUKVJVT
WISPJVHS]VM\UJPVUmYPVZWYLZ[HKVYLZKLZLY]PsVKH7<*.VHJVT\UPKHKLKLTHULPYHNLYHSLHS\UVZKL
T\UPJxWPVZ]PaPUOVZ/m\TSVUNVJHTPUOVHWLYJVYYLY
,UMH[PaHZLHX\PV]HSVYKVZ[YHIHSOVZL_[LUZPVUPZ[HZYLHSPaHKVZWLSH\UP]LYZPKHKLZVIYL[\KVVZWYV
QL[VZKLLK\JHsqVUqVMVYTHSX\LWVYZ\HUH[\YLaHWVKLTHKLX\HYZLnZULJLZZPKHKLZWVZ[HZWLSH
ZVJPLKHKLH[\HS+LPN\HSTVKVHH[\HsqVKVZTVUP[VYLZ]VS\U[mYPVZ[vTZPKVKLNYHUKLPTWVY[oUJPHWHYH
HYLHSPaHsqVKHZH[P]PKHKLZ
5LZZLZLU[PKVV7,*7<*.VPmZJVU[YPI\PLUVYTLTLU[LKLZKLHKtJHKHKLJVTWYVQL[VZLHsLZ
X\LWYVWPJPHTHPUZLYsqVKHX\LSLZX\LKLHSN\TTVKVZqVWVZ[VZnTHYNLTKHZVJPLKHKL(ZHsLZ
ZqVWLYTLHKHZWLSVZWYPUJxWPVZKH[YHUZMVYTHsqVZVJPHSJVUJLILUKVHLK\JHsqVUVZLU[PKVTHPZHTWSV
X\LNHYHU[LHVZ\QLP[VHWVZZPIPSPKHKLKLJVTWYLLUZqVLKLPU[LY]LUsqVZPNUPÄJH[P]HUVT\UKV

+LHJVYKVJVT:HU[VZV4VIYHS[PUOHVPU[\P[VKLHSMHIL[PaHYHKVSLZJLU[LZLHK\S[VZLLT\TWLYxVKV[PKVJVTV
IYL]LKLaHUVZLYYHKPJHYVHUHSMHIL[PZTVKVWHxZLZLZVIYLZZHPYKPHU[LKVWLZVKVMYHJHZZVKLKLaLUHZKLWYVNYH
THZHU[LYPVYLZ)\ZJH]HZLH[LUKLYHWVW\SHsqV\YIHUHLU[YLLHUVZJHYHJ[LYPaHKHWLSHMHP_HL[mYPHKLWLZZVHZ
X\LJVUZ[P[\PYPHTHKLTHUKHWVYTqVKLVIYH
+LZZLTVKVHWYPVYPKHKLUqVLYHWYVWVYJPVUHYLK\JHsqVKLX\HSPKHKLTHZZ\WYPYHZULJLZZPKHKLZKHPUK\Z[YPHSPaHsqV
JHYHJ[LYPaHUKVJVTV\TTt[VKV[YHKPJPVUHSX\LSL]H]HZVTLU[LnKLJVKPÄJHsqVLHUqVWHY[PJPWHsqVKVHS\UV(Z
H\SHZLYHTTPUPZ[YHKHZWLSVZWYVMLZZVYLZZLN\PUKVYPNPKHTLU[L\TTHU\HSWHKYVUPaHKVWHYH[VKVVWHxZ5qVZLMHaPH
HZZPTV\ZVKHYLÅL_qVLULTZLHKTP[PHHJVUZ[Y\sqVKL\TTH[LYPHSX\LWHY[PZZLKHYLHSPKHKLKVZHS\UVZ

4H[LYPHSKPKm[PJVKPZWVUx]LSLT!O[[WZ!HJLY]VML\MNIYPUKL_WOWJVUQ\U[VKPKH[PJVILULKP[VLQV]LSPUHTLINVTV]P
TLU[VZWVW\SHYLZKHKLJHKHKL(JLZZVLTQ\UOVKL

REFERÊNCIAS
)9(5+²6*HYSVZ96X\LtLK\JHsqV¡LK:qV7H\SV!)YHZPSPLUZL
)9(:03*VUZ[P[\PsqVKH9LWISPJH-LKLYH[P]HKV)YHZPS:LUHKV-LKLYHS!)YHZxSPH
FFFFFFF3LPKL+PYL[YPaLZL)HZLZWHYHH,K\JHsqV5HJPVUHS4PUPZ[tYPVKH,K\JHsqV!)YHZxSPH
-Í=,966ZTHY4,)¶46=04,5;6+,,+<*(h²6+,)(:,WYPTLPYVZ[LTWVZ! +PZWVUx
]LSLT!O[[W!MVY\TLQHVYNIYIVVRL_WVY[O[TS(JLZZVLTQ\UOVKL
-9,09,7H\SV (PTWVY[oUJPHKVH[VKLSLY!LT[YvZHY[PNVZX\LZLJVTWSL[HT7H\SV-YLPYL
LK:qV7H\SV!*VY[LaJVSLsqVX\LZ[LZKHUVZZHtWVJH
FFFFFFF7H\SV(WLKHNVNPHKV6WYPTPKV7L[Y}WVSPZ!=VaLZ
FFFFFFF7LKHNVNPHKH(\[VUVTPH!ZHILYLZULJLZZmYPVZnWYm[PJHWLKHN}NPJH:qV7H\SV!7HaL;LYYH

.6/54HYPHKH.S}YPH,K\JHsqVUqV-VYTHSLVLK\JHKVYZVJPHS!H[\HsqVUVKLZLU]VS]PTLU[VKLWYVQL
[VZZVJPHPZ:qV7H\SV!*VY[La*VSLsqVX\LZ[LZKHUVZZHtWVJH"]
765;0-Ð*0(<50=,9:0+(+,*(;Ô30*(+,.60Í:7961,;67,+(.Ô.0*6¶796.9(4(+,,+<*(
h²6,*0+(+(50(.VPoUPH
96+90.<,:4HYPH,TxSPHKL*HZ[YV"*6:;(*SH\KPH)VYNLZ".64,:+PUVYmKL*HZ[YV4V]PTLU[VKL
,K\JHsqVKL)HZLLT.VPmZUV*LU[YV4LT}YPH=P]H+PZWVUx]LSLT!9L]PZ[H)YHZPSLPYHKL,K\JHsqV
KL1V]LUZL(K\S[VZ]VSU¢(JLZZVLT(IYPSKL
:(5;6:3LPKL9VKYPN\LZKVZ46)9(3!HYLWYLZLU[HsqVPKLVS}NPJHKVYLNPTLTPSP[HYUHZLU[YLSPUOHZKH
HSMHIL[PaHsqVKLHK\S[VZ9L]PZ[H*Yx[PJH/PZ[}YPJH(UV=U¢KLaLTIYV
<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJHKL.VPmZ7LYÄSKH<UP]LYZPKHKL*VT\UP[mYPH!,Z[\KVKLZ\HZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZWYLKV
TPUHU[LZLVZL\KLZLTWLUOV<*.!.VPoUPH
Laura Rego-Agraso
SH\YHYLNV'\KJNHS
O Desenvolvemento
Eva M. Barreira Cerqueiras
Humano e Sustentable
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
L]HTHYPHIHYYLPYH'\ZJLZ como Contido no
Contexto da Formación
Profesional Inicial:
A Perspectiva
dos Axentes Sociais
Resumo:
;VTHUKV JVTV YLMLYLU[L V TVKLSV KL +LZLU]VS]L

TLU[V /\THUV L :\Z[LU[HISL +:/ 75<+ MVY
TSHZL\ULZ[\KVKLZJYP[P]VJLU[YHKVUHJVU[YPI\JP}UX\L
WVKLU YLHSPaHY HZ LUZPUHUaHZ KL MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS
KVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VHLZ[LTVKLSVUHJVU[VYUHJVTHY
JHS LU .HSPJPH ,ZWH|H -VP WVZPISL HWSPJHY H [tJUPJH KL
[YPHUN\SHJP}UKLMVU[LZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZLKH[VZIHP_V\UOH
TL[VKVSV_xHTP_[HWHYHJV|LJLYHWLYZWLJ[P]HKVZH_LU
[LZZVJPHPZPTWSPJHKVZUH-7KHJVTHYJHKLUVTPUHKHO
Barbanza · HS\TUHKV WYVMLZVYHKV L LNYLZHKVZHZ·
ZVIYLVZJVU[PKVZYLSHJPVUHKVZJV+:/LLUX\LTLKPKH
LZ[LZ ZL HIVYKHU V\ UVU UV JVU[L_[V KVZ JPJSVZ MVYTH
[P]VZ +P[VZ JVU[PKVZ MVYVU JSHZPÄJHKVZ LU KV\Z NYHUKLZ
ISVX\LZ X\L [L|LU X\L ]LY WVY \U SHKV JVH MVYTHJP}U
JPKHKm·HWYV]LP[HTLU[VYLZWVUZHISLKVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\
YHPZ"WHY[PJPWHJP}UZVJPHSTLKPHU[LVZYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKVZ
[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZZPUKPJH[VZV\TLKPHU[LHJ[P]PZTVZVJPHS
L JVT\UP[HYPV KLU[YV KV WYVWPV [LYYP[VYPV V\ LMLJ[VZ KH
9LZWVUZHIPSPKHKL :VJPHS *VYWVYH[P]H KHZ LTWYLZHZ UV
[LYYP[VYPVLUVZWYVWPVZLTWYLNHKVZHZLU[YLV\[YHZ·L
WVYV\[YVJVUHX\LSLZ]PUJ\SHKVZHVKLZLTWL|V[tJUPJV
K\UOHWYVMLZP}ULVYPLU[HKVZLZWLJPÄJHTLU[LmPUZLYJP}U
SHIVYHS· VYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHS"WYL]LUJP}UKLYPZJVZSHIV
YHPZ"JV|LJLTLU[VZ[tJUPJVZ]PUJ\SHKVZJVHZKLTHUKHZ
LTWYLZHYPHPZV\LTWYLUKLTLU[VLU[YLV\[YVZ·;HTtU
ZLPUKHNV\LUYLSHJP}UL_JS\ZP]HTLU[LHVWYVMLZVYHKVZL
JVU[HIHUUVZL\JLU[YVJVUHSNUKVJ\TLU[VX\LÄ_LYH
L_WSxJP[VVJVTWYVTPZVKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]HJV+:/
V\ZLUHZZHZWYVNYHTHJP}UZKLH\SHLZ[HIHUYLJVSSPKVZ
LZ[LZJVU[PKVZ,U_LYHS[}KVSVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZLUX\PZH
KVZ THUPMLZ[HU X\L VZ JVU[PKVZ ZPUHSHKVZ L ]PUJ\SHKVZ
JV+:/ZLKLZLU]VS]LUUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZHxUKHX\L
JHKHJVSLJ[P]VX\LZLMHPLUKPZ[PU[VNYHV
Palabras Chave: -VYTHJP}U 7YVMLZPVUHS" +LZLU]VS
]LTLU[V/\THUV:\Z[LU[HISL"J\YYxJ\SV"
1. Introdución
5\UOHWYPTLPYHHWYV_PTHJP}UHVJVUJLW[VWVKLTVZLU[LUKLYWVYKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VLU_LYHSHX\LSH
ZP[\HJP}UZVJPHSKLU[YVK\UWHxZUHJHSHZULJLZPKHKLZKHZHWVIVHJP}UZL]HUZH[PZMHJLYJV\ZVYHJPVUHS
LZVZ[PISLKVZZL\ZYLJ\YZVZLZPZ[LTHZUH[\YHPZ9L`LZ,Z[HKLÄUPJP}U[YHLJVUZPNV\UOHJVU
JLWJP}U\[PSP[HYPZ[HKVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHPZ_HX\LLZ[LZH[}WHUZLHKPZWVZPJP}UKVZLYO\THUVJVVI_LJ
[P]V KL HJHKHY \U THPVY UP]LS KL ILULZ[HY (xUKH HZx LZ[H JVUJLWJP}U KL KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V [LYxH JVTV
THYJVKLHJJP}UVYLZWLJ[VHVZKLYLP[VZO\THUVZLmZPKLU[PKHKLZJ\S[\YHPZKVZWVIVZ_HX\LWYVW}U
LU[YLV\[YHZTLKPKHZVHJJLZVKVZNY\WVZZVJPHPZHVZZLY]PaVZImZPJVZ·U\[YPJP}UZHKLLK\JHJP}U
L]P]LUKHWVYL_LTWSV·5VWSHUVLJVU}TPJVVMLP[VKLX\L\ULZ[HKVV\UHJP}UZLWVPKHJVUZPKLYHY
KLZLU]VS[VPTWSPJHX\LHZHWVIVHJP}U[L|HVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLLTWYLNVZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZ
ImZPJHZL\UOH[H_HWVZP[P]HKLKPZ[YPI\JP}UKHYPX\LaHUHJPVUHS5VmTIP[VKHWVSx[PJHLZ[HKLÄUPJP}UKL
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VPTWSPJHX\LVZNVILYUVZKLILU[LYSL_P[PTPKHKLSLNHSHZxJVTV[HTtUHWVZPIPSPKHKLKL
WYVWVYJPVUHYILULÄJPVZZVJPHPZWHYH\UOHTHPVYxHKHWVIVHJP}U
(xUKHHZxUVUZLTWYLZL[P]LYVULUJVU[HLZ[LZLSLTLU[VZKLxUKVSLZVJPHSmOVYHKLHS\KPYHVJVU
JLW[VKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V_HX\LLZ[L[LYTVUHJLWYVM\UKHTLU[LSPNHKVHVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJVLV
H\TLU[VKVJHWP[HSKLMVYTHL_JS\ZP]H[VTHUKVJVTVVPUKPJHKVYTmPZZPNUPÄJH[P]VKVTLZTVVH\TLU
[VKHYLUKHUHJPVUHStKPJPYV7YVK\[V0U[LYPVY)Y\[V70)+P[VPUKPJHKVY[HSLJVTVLZ[HISLJL5|La
UVU ZLTWYL PTWSPJH \U THPVY KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V ·IHP_V \UOH JVUJLWJP}U KV TLZTV JLU[YHKH
UVZKLYLP[VZO\THUVZ·_HX\LWVKLL_PZ[PY\UH\TLU[VUHYLUKHLLUJVUZLJ\LUJPH\UJYLJLTLU[V
LJVU}TPJVZLUX\LL_PZ[HKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VLU[LUKPKVLZ[LJVTVTHPVYILULZ[HYWHYHHTHPVYxHZVJPHS
;YHZYLHSPaHY\UIYL]LWLYJVYYPKVWVSHOPZ[VYPHKV[LYTVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VLHZPTWSPJHJP}UZKVTVKLSV
KL+LZLU]VS]LTLU[V/\THUVL:\Z[LU[HISLKLHX\PLUKPHU[L+:/WYLZLU[HYLTVZHWHY[LTL[VKVS}_P
JHKHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UYLHSPaHKH+P[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UYLHSPaHKHHWHY[PYK\ULZ[\KVKL[LZLKLKV\[VYHTLU[V
9LNV(NYHZV[P|HJVTVVI_LJ[P]VLZLUJPHSJV|LJLYHWLYZWLJ[P]HKVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZ]LUJLSSHKVZ
m-7KVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VZVIYLHYLSHJP}ULU[YL-7L+:/;VKVPZVLUTHYJHKVU\UOHJVTHYJHJVU
JYL[HKL.HSPJPH,ZWH|H7YLZtU[HUZLHZxULZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}U\UOHZLYPLKLYLZ\S[HKVZKHTLZTHX\L
WYL[LUKLUTVZ[YHYJVTV]HSVYHUVZKVJLU[LZVHS\TUHKVLVZ[P[\SHKVZHZKL-7V+:/JVTVJVU[PKV
J\YYPJ\SHYLJVTVLSLTLU[VJOH]LX\LWVKLZLYLU[LUKPKVKLUKL\UOHKVIYLWLYZWLJ[P]HLUYLSHJP}UHVZ
VI_LJ[P]VZKH-7!HPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSLHMVYTHJP}UJPKHKm
+VWYVNYLZVLVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJVHVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVZ\Z[LU[HISL+:/
:L HUHSPaHTVZ V [LYTV desenvolvemento KLUKL \UOH WLYZWLJ[P]H JYVUVS}_PJH WVKLTVZ HWYLJPHY
JVTVMVPL]VS\JPVUHUKVKLUKL\UOHJVUJLWJP}ULTPULU[LTLU[LLJVU}TPJHH[H\UOHJVUZPKLYHJP}UUH
X\L [HTtU ZL PUJSLU HZWLJ[VZ O\THUPZ[HZ L J\S[\YHPZ :LU LTIHYNV [YHKPJPVUHSTLU[L LZ[P]V ZLTWYL
TmPZ]PUJ\SHKVHVT\UKVLJVU}TPJVLHVPUJYLTLU[VKVJHWP[HS(L_PZ[LUJPHKLKLZPN\HSKHKLZLU[YLHZ
WLYZVHZLLUJVUZLJ\LUJPHLU[YLVZWYVWPVZLZ[HKVZt\UOHJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHX\L]LUWYLJLKLUKVHVZLY
O\THUVKLUKLZtJ\SVZH[YmZ-PS}ZVMVZJVTV7SH[}U(YPZ[}[LSLZV\1LUVMVU[LYLHSPaHYVULZJYP[VZHJLYJH
KH_\Z[PaHZVJPHSLKV\ZVX\LZLMHPKHZYPX\LaHZHWLZHYKLX\LUVUKLZ[HJHYVUWVY\UOHWYLKPZWVZPJP}U
JHYHHJVTWSL[HPN\HSKHKLKHZWLYZVHZ4H[H0[\YYHSKL*VTtaHZLHKPZ[PUN\PYHZxV[LYTVKLZLU
]VS]LTLU[VUVZtJ\SV0(*LZ[YLP[HTLU[L]PUJ\SHKVmJVUJLWJP}UKLprogresoL_PZ[LU[LUH.YLJPHJSmZP
JHHJHSZLN\UKV5PZIL[ PTWSPJHHJYLUaHKLX\LHO\THUPKHKLH]HUaHKLUKL\UOHZP[\HJP}UKL
WYPTP[P]PZTVJHYH\UOHTLSSVYHKVZL\TVKVKL]PKH,Z[HHZVJPHJP}Udesenvolvemento-progresoPTWSPJH
HL_PZ[LUJPHK\UOH[LUKLUJPHPU[YxUZLJHWVSHJHSHO\THUPKHKLWHZHWVY\UOHZLYPLKLMHZLZUHZJHSLZ
HWLZHYKHZYLNYLZP}UZHZS[PTHZZVUZ\WLYPVYLZmZWYPTLPYHZ:LN\UKVLZ[LTLZTVZVJP}SVNVÐKLTH
PKLHKLWYVNYLZVLZ[mJVUMVYTHKHWVY]HYPHZWYLTPZHZImZPJHZLU[YLHZX\LWVKLTVZKLZ[HJHYWVYL_LT
WSVHJVU]PJJP}UKLX\LHJP]PSPaHJP}UVJJPKLU[HStZ\WLYPVYmZV\[YHZV\HL_PZ[LUJPHK\UOHMLJHZLJLNH
UHYHa}ULUVJV|LJLTLU[VJPLU[xÄJVJVTVTV[VYLZKHTLSSVYHKHZZVJPLKHKLZO\THUHZ
+LZ[L_LP[VV[LYTVWYVNYLZVKPZJVYYL\PUPJPHSTLU[LWVYJHTP|VZLZ[YLP[HTLU[LSPNHKVZHVZKVKLZ
LU]VS]LTLU[V,Z[LS[PTVJVUJLW[VMVPHU[LJLKPKVWVSV[LYTVWYVNYLZVLHVTLZTV[LTWV]PUJ\SV\ZL
JVUHZWLJ[VZJVTVJP]PSPaHJP}UL]VS\JP}UYPX\LaHLJYLJLTLU[V*VWHZVKV[LTWVVWYVNYLZVMVPZL
YLSHJPVUHUKVTmPZJVT\UKVLJVU}TPJVL[HTtULTWYLZHYPHSWVZ[VX\LV[YHIHSSVLYH_LYHKVYKLIVUHU
aHLJVU}TPJHLmZH]LaKLHJJLZVHVZYLJ\YZVZLH\UTHPVYUP]LSKLILULZ[HY
(WHY[PYKVZHUVZHSNUZ[L}YPJVZJVTLaHUHYLHSPaHYLZ[\KVZ[YH[HUKVKLL_WSPJHYKLMVYTHJVOL
YLU[LVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VLJVU}TPJVJVTV\UWYVJLZVOPZ[}YPJVLKLUKL\ULUMVX\LT\S[PKPZJPWSPUHYV
JHS]HPZLY\UOHKHZHWVY[HJP}UZTmPZPU[LYLZHU[LZKHJVYYLU[LKHZKLUVTPUHKHZ[LVYxHZHS[LYUH[P]HZKV
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V(N\HKV,JOLIHYYPHL)HYY\[PH *OLNHYmUmJVUJS\ZP}UKLX\LVTLYJHKVUVU
tHWHUHJLHX\LZVS\JPVUHYmVZWYVISLTHZKLZ\IKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VWVSVX\LKLMLUKLYmUHILY[HTLU[LL
ZLU[YHIHZ\UOHPU[LY]LUJP}UKV,Z[HKVUHLJVUVTxH
(WHYLJLHZx\UOHUV]HJVYYLU[LOVSxZ[PJHLPU[LNYHKVYHX\L]HPWYV]VJHYHZ\WLYHJP}UKHJVUZPKLYH
JP}UKVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VJVTVHJ\T\SHJP}UKLJHWP[HSLJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJVWHYHLU[LUKLSVJVTV
\UTLJHUPZTVWHYHHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZtKPJPYWHZV\ZLK\Udesenvolvemento-rique-
za a un desenvolvemento-non pobreza/PKHSNV*HWP[mU W 5LZ[LZLUZVH[LVYxHKHZH[PZMHJJP}U
KHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZtJVUZPKLYHKHJVTVHWYPTLPYHPUJ\YZP}UKHZ[LVYxHZHS[LYUH[P]HZHVpensamento
únicoKHLJVUVTxHJSmZPJH,Z[H[LVYxH[VTHJVTVLSLTLU[VJLU[YHSHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZO\TH
UHZ [HU[V TH[LYPHPZ JVTV PUTH[LYPHPZ L LU M\UJP}U KH ZH L_[LUZP}U H \UOH THPVY V\ TLUVY WHY[L KH
WVIVHJP}UtWVZPISLJHYHJ[LYPaHYmZZVJPLKHKLZJVTVTmPZV\TLUVZKLZLU]VS[HZ
6X\LWVKLTVZKLUVTPUHYHMVYT\SHJP}UTmPZ\UPMVYTLKVZHUVZKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VHS[LYUH[P]V
xTVSHH[VWHYUVYLSH[VYPVKL<WWZHSHX\LSL]HWVY[x[\SVAnother Development (O outro desenvolvemento) e
X\LMVPW\ISPJHKVWVSH-\UKHJP}U;OL+HN/HTTHYZRQVPK6ZLSLTLU[VZX\L]HUKLÄUPYLZ[LKLZLU]VS]L
TLU[VHS[LYUH[P]VZLN\UKVLZ[LTLZTVYLSH[VYPVZLYmUVZZLN\PU[LZÐIPKLTW!
6desenvolvemento igualitario(ZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZ[HU[VHZTH[LYPHPZJVTVHZ
non materiais.
6desenvolvemento endóxeno<UKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VX\LUHaHKVPU[LYPVYKLJHKHZVJPLKHKLZLUKV
LZ[HHX\LKLÄUHKLMVYTHZVILYHUHZVIYLVZ]HSVYLZH[LYLUJVU[HLHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLM\[\YV
6desenvolvemento autónomo9LMxYLZLmJVUÄHUaHKLJHKHZVJPLKHKLUHZHWYVWPHMVY[HSLaHL
[HTtUUVZZL\ZYLJ\YZVZUVZZL\ZTLTIYVZLUVZL\TLKPVUH[\YHSLJ\S[\YHS
6 desenvolvemento ecolóxico ( \[PSPaHJP}U YHJPVUHS KVZ YLJ\YZVZ IPVZMtYPJVZ ZLUKV JVUZJPLU[LZ
KHZSPTP[HJP}UZKVZLJVZPZ[LTHZSVJHPZLKVZSxTP[LZL_[LYUVZNSVIHPZLSVJHPZX\LZLSSLPTWVYmU
mZ_LYHJP}UZM\[\YHZ
6desenvolvemento como transformación estrutural*VUZPZ[LUHJYLHJP}ULJVUZVSPKHJP}UKHZJVU
KPJP}UZWHYHX\LZLKLHH\[V_LZ[P}ULHWHY[PJPWHJP}UUH[VTHKLKLJPZP}UZKL[VKVZHX\LSLZHMLJ
[HKVZWVSHZTLZTHZ[HU[VUHZJVT\UPKHKLZ\YIHUHZJVTVUHZY\YHPZ
,Z[LYLSH[VYPVKL<WWZHSHWHY[LKHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZLWVSV[HU[VKVZWVZ[\SHKVZ
KLZ[L LUMVX\L OL[LYVKV_V X\L HWHYLJL LU ,Z[L ]HP ZLY V LSLTLU[V JLU[YHS KV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
HS[LYUH[P]VLUNHKxUKVZLHVTLZTV[LTWVV\[YHZKPTLUZP}UZX\L[HTtUtWYLJPZV[LYLUJVU[H!VLJV
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VVLUKVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VLVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VH\[}UVTV5VZHUVZ ]HUHWHYLJLY
UV]VZHK_LJ[P]VZWHYHV[LYTVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VX\LTHU[LUKVHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZ
JVTVLP_VJLU[YHS]HULUNHKPYV\[YVZLSLTLU[VZWYLJPZVZWHYHX\LZLWVPKHMHSHYKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
5HJLUHZx[LYTVZJVTVetnodesenvolvementodesenvolvemento localdesenvolvemento sustentable ou
desenvolvemento humano.
7VZ[VX\LVTVKLSVKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VHS[LYUH[P]VZL]HPJLU[YHYUHYLK\JP}UKHWVIYLaHLUVUUV
H\TLU[VKHYPX\LaH·[HSLJVTVMHJxHUHZWLYZWLJ[P]HZULVJSmZPJHZJLU[YHKHZUVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}
TPJV·HZHMVYT\SHJP}U]HPWHZHYKLMVJHSPaHYZLUVZWHxZLZUHJP}UH[VTHYHVPUKP]PK\VLm comuni
KHKLJVTVJLU[YVKLH[LUJP}U(KLTHPZZLN\UKV(SI\YX\LYX\LLZ[LTV]LTLU[VHS[LYUH[P]VKV
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VJVPUJPKLUHZH[V[HSPKHKLLUYL_LP[HYHZ\WVZPJP}UKLX\LVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJV
JVUK\JLHVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V;VKHZLJHKH\UOHKHZKPTLUZP}UZX\LJVTWV|LUHZ[LVYxHZHS[LYUH[P]HZ
KVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VMVYVUJVUZ[Y\xUKV\UOHUV]HWLYZWLJ[P]HKVTLZTVLUNHKxUKVSSLm]PZP}ULJVUVTP
JPZ[HUV]VZLSLTLU[VZLJLU[YHUKVHH[LUJP}UZVIYLLSLZ6\[YHKHZKPTLUZP}UZX\LKLÄULLZ[LKLZLU
]VS]LTLU[VHS[LYUH[P]VZLYxHVJ\LZ[PVUHTLU[VKHVYKLPU[LYUHJPVUHS(WHY[PYKL ]HUZLW\ISPJHY\UOH
ZLYPLKLKVJ\TLU[VZX\L]HUPUJPKPYLUX\LKP[HVYKLWYL_\KPJHZLYPHTLU[LHZWVZPIPSPKHKLZKLKLZLU]VS
]LTLU[VKVZWHxZLZZ\IKLZLU]VS[VZ(SNUZKLZ[LZKVJ\TLU[VZZVUV0UMVYTL906 V0UMVYTL
)YHUK[ LV0UMVYTL5`LYLYL ;VKVZLSLZJVPUJPKLULUX\LHVYKLPU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ[HISLJPKH
PTWPKLVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKVZWHxZLZZ\IKLZLU]VS[VZHWLZHYKLX\LKPÄYLUUVX\LYLZWLJ[HmZWVSx[PJHZ
KLJHTIPVX\LtWYLJPZVSL]HYHJHIVWHYHT\KHYLZ[HZP[\HJP}U
<UOHKHZS[PTHZHWVY[HJP}UZHLZ[HWLYZWLJ[P]HHS[LYUH[P]HtHKVdesenvolvemento humanoHJHS
LZ[mZLUKV\ZHKHHJ[\HSTLU[LWVSV7YVNYHTHKHZ5HJP}UZ<UPKHZWHYHV+LZLU]VS]LTLU[VKLHX\xLU
KPHU[L75<+LX\LtHX\L[VTHTVZJVTVYLMLYLU[LULZ[L[YHIHSSV*VULSHMHPZL\UPU[LU[VWVYMHJLY
YLMLYLUJPHmTLSSVYHKHJHWHJPKHKLKVZPUKP]PK\VZWHYHZH[PZMHJLYHZZHZWYVWPHZULJLZPKHKLZ[HSJVTV
UVZL\KxHWYVW\_V:LUZLUJVTWYVTL[LYHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJLZPKHKLZ]P[HPZKVZOHIP[HU[LZKV
M\[\YV(VTLZTV[LTWVHPUÅ\LUJPHKVLUMVX\LKHZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZ]LZLJSHYHTLU[LUVPUKPJHKVY
60UMVYTL906tVUVTLWVSVX\LZLJV|LJLmW\ISPJHJP}UKV*S\ILKL9VTHKL X\LSL]HWVY[x[\SV9LLZ[Y\

[\YHJP}UKH6YKL0U[LYUHJPVUHSLX\LJVVYKPUV\1HU;PUILYNLU 60UMVYTL)Y\UK[YLMxYLZLHVX\LSL]HWVY[x[\SV
<UWYVNYHTHWHYHHZ\WLY]P]LUJPHLX\LMVPYLHSPaHKVWVSH*VTPZP}U0UKLWLUKLU[LZVIYLWYVISLTHZPU[LYUHJPVUHPZKL
KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKPYP_PKVWVY>PSS`)Y\UK[60UMVYTL5`LYLYLMVPLSHIVYHKVWVSH*VTPZP}UKV:\YWYLZPKPKHWVY1\SP\Z
5`LYLYLLW\ISPJHKVLU IHP_VV[x[\SVKL+LZHMxVWHYHV:\Y
X\LUHJL\WHYH[YH[HYKLTLKPYVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKLUKLV75<+!VÐUKPJLKL+LZLU]VS]LTLU[V/\THUV
0+/VJHS]HPLZ[HYJVTWVZ[VWVY[YLZKPTLUZP}UZ!ZHUP[HYPH·SVU_L]PKHKL·LK\JH[P]H·HSMHIL[PaHJP}UL
LZJVSHYPaHJP}U·LLJVU}TPJH·UP]LSKLYLUKH·iHZxJVTVUVJVUJLW[VKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUV
ZL]HUPUJS\xY\UOHZLYPLKLKPTLUZP}UZZVJPHPZPUKPZVJPHISLZKV[LYTVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V\UPÄJHUKVU\UOH
ZVHHJLWJP}U[}KHSHZWYVWVZ[HZLJVYYLU[LZ[L}YPJHZ
;HSLJVTV]PTVZKLZPUHSHYVJVUJLW[VKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVMVPPU[YVK\JPKVWVSV75<+UV
HUV [VTHUKVHZWYVWVZ[HZKL(THY[`H:LUL4HOI\I\S/HXJVTVIHZLTHPZKLMVYTHWYL]PHH
[LVYxHKHZULJLZPKHKLZKL4HZSV^ KL[LYTPUHYxHX\LVZZLYLZO\THUVZZVUTV[P]HKVZmHJJP}U
LUM\UJP}UKHZH[PZMHJLYKL[LYTPUHKHZULJLZPKHKLZ·HZX\LWVZ[LYPVYTLU[LZLJVUZPKLYHYVUImZPJHZ·
X\LHIHYJHUH[}KHSHZLZWLJPLZ6JVUJLW[VKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVPTWSPJH\UKVZJHTIPVZTmPZ
WVZP[P]VZKHKtJHKHKVZUV]LU[HKHKVX\LWVYWYPTLPYH]LaYLJV|tJLZLHUP]LSPU[LYUHJPVUHSX\LVKLZ
LU]VS]LTLU[VJVU[LTWSHVI_LJ[P]VZTmPZHTWSVZX\LVZYLSH[P]VZHVJYLJLTLU[VLJVU}TPJV;HSLJVTV
UVZPUKPJH6IYLN}U+H]PZ]HUZLZP[\HYVZKLYLP[VZO\THUVZHWYVTVJP}UZVJPHSHLX\PKHKLKL
_tULYVVYLZWLJ[VmKP]LYZPKHKLt[UPJHLJ\S[\YHSLHWYV[LJJP}UKVTLKPVHTIPLU[LUHH_LUKHKL]HSVYLZ
X\LKLILTVZJVUZPKLYHYJVTVNSVIHPZ+LMLP[VLZ[HS[PTHHZ\UJP}U·HWYV[LJJP}ULJVUZPKLYHJP}UKV
TLKPVHTIPLU[L·]HPHKX\PYPYYLSL]HUJPHHUP]LSPU[LYUHJPVUHSIHP_VVJVUJLW[VKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VZ\Z[LU[H
ISL(KLÄUPJP}UJVT\UTLU[LHJLW[HKHKHZ\Z[LU[HIPSPKHKLtmWYVWVZ[HWVSHWorld Commission on Envi-
ronment and Development (Comisión Mundial sobre Medio Ambiente e DesenvolvementoKH65<UVHUV
UVSPIYVOur Common FutureWVW\SHYTLU[LJV|LJPKVJVTV0UMVYTL)Y\UK[SHUK,U[tUKLZLHX\x
X\LVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VZ\Z[LU[HISLtHX\LSX\LZH[PZMHPHZULJLZPKHKLZKVWYLZLU[LZLUJVTWYVTL[LYH
JHWHJPKHKLKHZ_LYHJP}UZM\[\YHZKLZH[PZMHJLYHZZHZWYVWPHZ+LIPKVWVSV[HU[VmZPTWSPJHJP}UZZVJPHPZ
L O\THUHZ X\L [LU LZ[L [LYTV LU[LUKLTVZ X\L WVKL ZLY HZVJPHKV HV KL KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V O\THUV
ZLN\PUKVHZxVTVKLSVKL+:/X\LLZ[HISLJL\VWYVWPV75<+ LHZVJPmUKVSSLJVUPN\HSYLSL]HUJPH
mULJLZPKHKLKLHJHKHY\UOHYLSHJP}UJVTLKPVHTIPLU[LX\LUVUJVTWYVTL[HHZH[PZMHJJP}UKHZULJL
ZPKHKLZImZPJHZKHWVIVHJP}UUVWYLZLU[LLUVM\[\YV
7VY V\[YH IHUKH KLUKL V W\U[V KL ]PZ[H KH -7 KV ZPZ[LTH LK\JH[P]V JHIL JVU[LTWSHY [VTHU
KVJVTVYLMLYLU[LLZLUJPHSVTVKLSVKV+:/X\LtWVZPISLJSHZPÄJHYVZJVU[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZJV+/:
KLU[YVKVJVU[L_[VKHZLUZPUHUaHZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLUKV\ZNYHUKLZISVX\LZ!HX\LSLZX\L[L|LU
X\L]LYJVHMVYTHJP}UJPKHKm¶HWYV]LP[HTLU[VYLZWVUZHISLKVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHPZ"WHY[PJPWHJP}UZVJPHS
TLKPHU[LVZYLWYLZLU[HU[LZKVZ[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZZPUKPJH[VZV\TLKPHU[LHJ[P]PZTVZVJPHSLJVT\UP[HYPV
KLU[YVKVWYVWPV[LYYP[VYPVV\LMLJ[VZKH9LZWVUZHIPSPKHKL:VJPHS*VYWVYH[P]HKHZLTWYLZHZUV[LYYP[VYPV
LUVZWYVWPVZLTWYLNHKVZHZLU[YLV\[YHZ¶LHX\LSLZX\LZL]PUJ\SHUKPYLJ[HTLU[LJVZJV|LJLTLU[VZ
[tJUPJVZX\LJHWHJP[HUWHYHVKLZLTWL|VK\UOHWYVMLZP}ULWHYHHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS¶VYPLU[HJP}USHIV
YHS" WYL]LUJP}U KL YPZJVZ SHIVYHPZ" JV|LJLTLU[VZ [tJUPJVZ ]PUJ\SHKVZ JVHZ KLTHUKHZ LTWYLZHYPHPZ V\
LTWYLUKLTLU[VLU[YLV\[YVZ
5VLZ[\KVX\LHX\xZLWYLZLU[HHUHSPaHYHZLHWLYZWLJ[P]HKVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZ]PUJ\SHKVZJVH-7LU
YLSHJP}UHLZ[HZLV\[YHZJ\LZ[P}UZX\LLUTHYJHUJ\YYPJ\SHYTLU[LHVTVKLSVKV+:/ULZ[LmTIP[VKHZ
LUZPUHUaHZWYVMLZPVUHSPaHKVYHZ
3. Método
5LZ[H JVT\UPJHJP}U WYLZLU[HYLTVZ \UOH ZLYPL KL YLZ\S[HKVZ WHYJPHPZ K\UOH PU]LZ[PNHJP}U KL [LZL
KLKV\[VYHTLU[VJ\_VTt[VKVKLPUKHNHJP}UtKLJHYmJ[LYKLZJYP[P]V+LZ[L_LP[VVLZ[\KVJVTIPUHH
TL[VKVSV_xHJ\HSP[H[P]HJVHJ\HU[P[H[P]HWVSVX\LZLKLZLU]VS]L\UWYVJLZVTP_[VKLVI[LUJP}ULHUmSPZL
KVZKH[VZ5VZLWxNYHMLZZLN\PU[LZKLZJYPIPYLTVZVWYVJLZVTL[VKVS}_PJVZLN\PKVJLU[YmUKVUVZUVZ
VI_LJ[P]VZLHTL[VKVSV_xH"VZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZ\[PSPaHKVZWHYHHYLJVTWPSHJP}UKVZKH[VZLVZKPZ[PU[VZ[PWVZ
KLWVIVHJP}ULTVZ[YHHWHY[PYKVZJHSLZZLVI[P]VHPUMVYTHJP}U

60UMVYTL)Y\UK[SHUKWYLZLU[HKVWVSH*VTPZP}U4\UKPHSWHYHV4LKPV(TIPLU[LLV+LZLU]VS]LTLU[VKH65<LU
JV [x[\SV VYP_PUHS KL ¸6\Y JVTTVU M\[\YL¹ 6 UVZV M\[\YV *VTU SL]H LZL HWLSH[P]V WVSH KV\[VYH .V /HYSLT
)Y\UK[SHUK KPYLJ[VYH KV WYV_LJ[V 5LS HUHSPaV\ZL H ZP[\HJP}U T\UKPHS LU JHU[V HV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V L JOLNV\ZL m
JVUJS\ZP}UKLX\LHJVTVKLSVPTWLYHU[LZLLZ[mKLZ[Y\xUKVVTLKPVHTIPLU[LLKLP_HUKVJHKH]LaTmPZWLYZVHZUH
THY_PUHJP}ULUHWVIYLaH*VTPZP}U4\UKPHSKL4LKPV(TIPLU[LKHZ5HJP}UZ<UPKHZ
3.1. Obxectivos e metodoloxía
,Z[LLZ[\KVMVPJVUZ[Y\xKV[VTHUKVLUJVUZPKLYHJP}U\UOHTL[VKVSV_xHKLZJYP[P]HTP_[H·J\HSP[H[P]H
LJ\HU[P[H[P]H·UHX\LVVI_LJ[P]V_LYHSKHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UMVPJV|LJLYHWLYZWLJ[P]HKVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZ
·HS\TUHKV KL -7" [P[\SHKVZHZ" LTWYLZHYPVZHZ L WYVMLZVYHKV KLZ[LZ LZ[\KVZ· HJLYJH KH YLSHJP}U
LU[YLH-7PUPJPHSLVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVLZ\Z[LU[HISLU\U[LYYP[VYPVJVTHYJHSJVUJYL[VKL.HSPJPH
9LNV(NYHZVULZ[LJHZVHJVTHYJHKV)HYIHUaHSVJHSPaHKHHVZ\YKHWYV]PUJPHKH*VY\|H(
WLZHYKLX\LVWYVJLZVTL[VKVS}_PJVZLN\PKVMVPHxUKHTmPZHTWSVULZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UWYLZLU[HYLTVZ
ZLULTIHYNVVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[PKVZHWHY[PYKVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVHWSPJHKVHHS\TUHKVKL-7WYVMLZVYHKVL
LNYLZHKVZHZWYVJLKLU[LZKVZJLU[YVZKL-7KV[LYYP[VYPV
,UJHU[VHVWYVJLZVZLN\PKVWHYHHVI[LUJP}ULHUmSPZLKVZKH[VZWHY[PTVZKHMVYT\SHJP}ULZX\L
Tm[PJHKVWYVISLTHWHYHKL[LYTPUHYHZMVU[LZLHPUMVYTHJP}UULJLZHYPHWHYHHYLZVS\JP}UKVTLZTVL
[HTtUVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZLTWYLNHKVZWHYH[HSÄU<UOH]LaLZ[HISLJPKVPZ[VWYVJLKL\ZLmMHZLKLYLJVSSPKH
KLPUMVYTHJP}ULHZHHUmSPZLWVZ[LYPVYUVX\LJVUMYVU[HTVZJHKH\UOHKHZWLYZWLJ[P]HZYLJVTWPSHKHZ
WHYHKHYS\NHYmZJVUJS\ZP}UZKVLZ[\KV
*VUZ[Y\xYVUZLHZxJH[YVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZKPMLYLUJPHKVZLUM\UJP}UKLJHKH\UKHPUMVYTHU[LZJSH]LLU
J\_VZYLZ\S[HKVZYLZWLJ[VKHYLSHJP}ULU[YL-7L+:/UVZJLU[YHYLTVZUVLWxNYHMLZLN\PU[L5LZ[LJHZV
WYLZLU[HYLTVZVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLYP]HKVZKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZKPYP_PKVZHHS\TUHKVWYVMLZVYHKVL[P[\SHKVZHZ
LU-76ZKL]HUKP[VZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZMVYVUHWSPJHKVZUVHUVHJHKtTPJV4.
3.2. Poboación e mostra
5VJHZVKHZ]HYPHISLZVI_LJ[VKLLZ[\KVX\LHX\xZLWYLZLU[HULTWYLNV\ZLLU[}KVSVZJHZVZ·
HS\TUHKV[P[\SHKVZHZLWLYZVHSKVJLU[L·\UOHTVZ[YH_LHSLH[VYPHWYVIHIPSxZ[PJHLZ[YH[PÄJHKHLUM\UJP}U
KVJLU[YVLK\JH[P]VJVX\LTHU[L|LUV\THU[P]LYVU]PUJ\SHJP}U5H[mIVHX\LZLWYLZLU[HHJVU[PU\HJP}U
tWVZPISLHWYLJPHYHWVIVHJP}ULHTVZ[YHLUJHKHJHZVHZxJVTVVUP]LSKLJVUÄHUaHHSJHUaHKVLH
THY_LKLLYYV
Táboa 1. 7VIVHJP}UTVZ[YHUP]LSKLJVUÄHUaHLTHY_LKLLYYV
Colectivo Poboación Mostra 1LYHOGHFRQðDQ]D Marxe de erro
(S\TUHKV
;P[\SHKVZH
7YVMLZVYHKV

(KLTHPZKV_HZPUHSHKVI\ZJV\ZLJV|LJLYHWLYZWLJ[P]HLVZTVKLSVZKLHJ[\HJP}ULZ[HISLJPKVZWVSH(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U
,K\JH[P]HH\[VU}TPJH·YLZWVUZHISLKH-7KVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V·YLZWLJ[VKH]PUJ\SHJP}ULU[YLH-7PUPJPHSLVKL
ZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVZ\Z[LU[HISL*VU[VKVPZV[YH[V\ZLKLHUHSPaHYHZWLYZWLJ[P]HZKL[}KVSVZH_LU[LZLUX\PZHKVZ
KLMVYTHJVTWHYHKHJVU[YHZ[HUKVHPUMVYTHJP}UVI[PKHJ\ULZ[\KVWYL]PVKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSLHVMLY[HMVYTH[P]HKV
territorio.
4
;HSJVTV_HZLPUKPJV\HU[LYPVYTLU[LVI[x]VZLHTVKVKLJVU[YHZ[LLLUHYHZKLHSJHUaHY\UOH[YPHUN\SHJP}UYLHSKL
Tt[VKVZ PUZ[Y\TLU[VZ L KH[VZ H WLYZWLJ[P]H KV +PYLJ[VY ?LYHS KL -7 KH ?\U[H KL .HSPJPH JVTV YLWYLZLU[HU[L KH
(KTPUPZ[YHJP}U ,K\JH[P]H (\[VU}TPJH LTWYLNHUKV WHYH PZV \UOH LU[YL]PZ[H ZLTPLZ[Y\[\YHKH 7VY S[PTV KL MVYTH
JVTWSLTLU[HYPHYLHSPaV\ZL\UOHHUmSPZLKVTLYJHKVSHIVYHSKHJVTHYJHVI_LJ[VKLLZ[\KVLUJVU[YHWVZPJP}UmVMLY[H
MVYTH[P]HL_PZ[LU[L·JPJSVZKL-7·VI[LUKVHPUMVYTHJP}UKVX\LZLKLUVTPUHMVU[LZZLJ\UKHYPHZLKVZKPYLJ[VYLZ
KVZJLU[YVZPTWSPJHKVZTLKPHU[LHYLHSPaHJP}UK\UOHLU[YL]PZ[HJVUJHKH\UKLSLZ
3.3. Instrumentos e variables obxecto de estudo
;}KVSVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZLTWYLNHKVZMVYVUKLZL|HKVZLZWLJPÄJHTLU[LWHYHHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UWHZHUKV
WVY\UKVIYLWYVJLZVKL]HSPKHJP}U!_\xaVKLL_WLY[VZHZLYLHSPaHJP}UKLWYVIHZWPSV[V;YHSHYLHSPaHJP}U
KLZ[HZ WYVIHZ VI[P]tYVUZL [YLZ J\LZ[PVUHYPVZ KPMLYLUJPHKVZ JVTWVZ[VZ WVY x[LTZ [HU[V HILY[VZ JVTV
WLJOHKVZ·KPJV[}TPJVZWVSP[}TPJVZLKLLZJHSH[PWV3PRLY[·5H[mIVHX\LZLWYLZLU[HHJVU[PU\HJP}U
WVKLTVZHWYLJPHYVUTLYVKL]HYPHISLZLx[LTZX\LJVTWV|LUJHKH\UKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZHZxJVTVV
JVLÄJPLU[LKLHSMHKL*YVUIHJOX\LKL[LYTPUHHÄHIPSPKHKLKVPUZ[Y\TLU[VLUJHKHJHZV+HKVX\L[VKVZ
LSLZZ\WLYHUVxUKPJLWVKLTVZHÄYTHYX\LVZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZWVKLUZLYJVUZPKLYHKVZJVUZPZ[LU[LZL
]mSPKVZWHYHHVI[LUJP}UKLYLZ\S[HKVZÄHISLZ
Táboa 2. 5TLYVKLx[LTZ]HYPHISLZLJVLÄJPLU[LHSMHKL*YVUIHJOKLJHKH\UKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZ
Número Número &RHðFLHQWH

Cuestionario
de ítems de variables de Cronbach
(S\TUHKV
;P[\SHKVZHZ 45
7YVMLZVYHKV 54
(Z]HYPHISLZX\LJVTWV|LUJHKH\UKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZHNYWHUZLLU[YLZISVX\LZKLJVU[PKV!KH[VZ
WLYZVHPZ L JVU[L_[\HPZ" H YLSHJP}U LU[YL H -7 V LTWYLNV L V KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V O\THUV Z\Z[LU[HISL UV
THYJVSVJHSLWVYS[PTVJ\YYxJ\SVLKVJLU[LZKL-7LHZHYLSHJP}UJVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V*LU[YHYtTVUVZ
UV ZLN\UKV L [LYJLPYV KVZ ISVX\LZ LZJVSSLUKV HX\LSHZ ]HYPHISLZ UHZ X\L ZL HIVYKL H WLYZWLJ[P]H X\L
THU[L|LUVZLUX\PZHKVZHZYLZWLJ[VKV]xUJ\SVLU[YL-7L+:/
,U[YL HZ ]HYPHISLZ VI_LJ[V KL LZ[\KV H[}WHZL WVY L_LTWSV ZL VZHZ KVJLU[LZ JVUZPKLYHU X\L UV
ZL\JLU[YVKL-7ZLHWYVIV\HSNUKVJ\TLU[VVUKLZLYLÅPJ[HVJVTWYVTPZVKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]H
JV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V O\THUV L Z\Z[LU[HISL KH JVTHYJH V\ JVUJLSSV V\ ZL JVUZPKLYHU X\L JVU[HU JVU
JVU[PKVZ L HJ[P]PKHKLZ YLSHJPVUHKHZ JVH LK\JHJP}U WHYH V KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V O\THUV L Z\Z[LU[HISL UHZ
ZHZWYVNYHTHJP}UZKLH\SH]PUJ\SHKHZm-7+LPN\HSTVKV[HTtUZL[P]LYVULUJVU[HLUYLSHJP}UHVWYV
MLZVYHKVHVHS\TUHKVLHVZ[P[\SHKVZHZ]HYPHISLZJVTVZLVZJV|LJLTLU[VZ[tJUPJVZHKX\PYPKVZLZ[mU
KPYLJ[HTLU[LYLSHJPVUHKVZJVHZKLTHUKHZX\LZLMHUKLUKLHLTWYLZHV\ZLUVJPJSVMVYTH[P]VZL[YH
IHSSHUJVU[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZHVHWYV]LP[HTLU[VYLZWVUZHISLKVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHPZLVYLZWLJ[VWVSVTLKPV
HTIPLU[LUVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSVLU[YLV\[YHZX\LHUHSPaHYLTVZUVHWHY[HKVKLYLZ\S[HKVZ
7HYHÄUHSPaHYJHILZPUHSHYX\LHHUmSPZLLZ[H[xZ[PJHKVZKH[VZJ\HU[P[H[P]VZWYVJLKLU[LZKVZJ\LZ[PVUH
YPVZSL]V\ZLHJHIVIHP_VH\[PSPaHJP}UKVWYVNYHTH7(:>:[H[PZ[PJZ
4. Resultados
(JVU[PU\HJP}U[YH[HYLTVZKLKL[LYTPUHYH[HX\LW\U[VH-7X\LZLPTWHY[LUHJVTHYJHVI_LJ[VKL
LZ[\KV]HPTmPZHSmKVVI_LJ[P]VKHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSHVSSVZKVZH_LU[LZZVJPHPZWHY[PJPWHU[LZJLU[YmUKVZL
[HTtUUVZV\[YVZVI_LJ[P]VZX\LSSLZVUWYVWPVZHLZ[HZLUZPUHUaHZLX\LZLLZ[HISLJLUUHSL_PZSHJP}U
LK\JH[P]H![...] contribuír ao desenvolvemento persoal do alumno/a e ao exercicio dunha cidadanía demo-
cráticaHY[ ¢KH36,(ZxHWHY[PYKHZ]HYPHISLZX\LPTVZHUHSPaHYHJVU[PU\HJP}UWYL[LUKLTVZ
VI[LYLSLTLU[VZWHYH]HSVYHYLUX\LTLKPKHLZ[HZLUZPUHUaHZMVYTHU[HTtUHVHS\TUHKVWHYHLUMYVU[HYZL
H\UOHZVJPLKHKLJVUPTWVY[HU[LZKtÄJP[ZHTIPLU[HPZLZVJPHZX\LZLH[VWHLUWLYTHULU[LJHTIPVLSL
TLU[VZJOH]L]PUJ\SHKVZJV+:/
9LZWLJ[VKVNYHVKLJVUMVYTPKHKLJVMLP[VKLX\LVZcoñecementos técnicos adquiridos —ou en
proceso de adquisición — están directamente relacionados coas demandas que se fan dende a
empresaHTHPVYWHY[LKVHS\TUHKVZPUHSHLZ[HYKLHJVYKV HxUKHX\L\UUVUV[LULZWLJPHS
TLU[LJSHYV·ZPUHSHUX\LUVULZ[mUUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV·TLU[YLZX\L\UOHWVYJLU[H_LTmPZ
IHP_HLUJVUJYL[VKVJVUZPKLYHX\LLZ[mLUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKV(VTLZTV[LTWV\U
LZ[HYxH[V[HSTLU[LKLHJVYKV9LZWLJ[VKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZHTHPVYWHY[LLZ[HYxH[HTtUKLHJVYKV
LZ[HUKVTVPKLHJVYKV\ULUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV\U;HUZ}\UZLTVZ[YH
TVP LU KLZHJVYKV 6Z KVJLU[LZ WVSH ZH IHUKH JVUJVYKHU [HTtU THPVYP[HYPHTLU[L ·X\PaHPZ KL MVYTH
HxUKHTmPZJSHYHX\LVZKV\ZJVSLJ[P]VZHU[LYPVYLZ·JVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}U<UT}Z[YHZLKLHJVYKVL
\UTVPKLHJVYKVL_PZ[PUKV\UPJHTLU[L\U X\LLZ[HYxHU\UOHWVZPJP}UPU[LYTLKPHV\PUKLJPZH
UPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKVLUVUJVUZ[HUKVUPUN\UOHYLZWVZ[HLUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKV
6NYHVKLJVUMVYTPKHKLYLZWLJ[VKLZLno ciclo se traballan contidos vinculados ao aproveita-
mento responsable dos recursos naturais e o respecto polo medio ambiente no posto de traballo
t]HSVYHKVTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LWVSVZHS\TUVZHZKLMVYTHK\IP[H[P]HWVZ[VX\L\UHÄYTHUVULZ[HY
UPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV:LYmU\UVZX\LHÄYTLULZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVL\U
[VKVVJVU[YHYPV!LUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKV<UOHWVYJLU[H_LZPTPSHYKL[P[\SHKVZHZT}Z
[YHZL[HTtULUKLZHJVYKV TLU[YLZX\L\UUVULZ[HYxHUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKVL
HTHPVYxH\UHÄYTHLZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV(WLYZWLJ[P]HKVZKVJLU[LZtHVPN\HSX\L
]HPVJVYYLYLU[}KHSHZ]HYPHISLZYLWYLZLU[HKHZUVNYmÄJVTVP[VTmPZVW[PTPZ[H;HUZ}\U ZLTVZ[YH
LUKLZHJVYKVJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}UTLU[YLZX\L\UHÄYTHLZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV5LZ[H
VJHZP}UZP[HUZLU\UOHWVZPJP}UPU[LYTLKPH\UKVZLUX\PZHKVZHZ
9LZWLJ[VKLZLno ciclo formativo se traballan contidos vinculados á orientación profesional
·[tJUPJHZKLWYVJ\YHHJ[P]HKLLTWYLNV"[VTHKLKLJPZP}UZUVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSVL[J·VZHS\TUVZHZ
ZPUHSHUTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LLZ[HYKLHJVYKV V\TVPKLHJVYKVHxUKHX\L\UOHJPMYHIHZ[HU[L
YLSL]HU[LT}Z[YHZLU\UOHWVZPJP}UPU[LYTLKPH!UPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV<UWVSHZH
IHUKH]HPZLJVUZPKLYHYJVU[YHYPVHLZ[HHÄYTHJP}UZPUHSHUKVLZ[HYLUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKV6Z
[P[\SHKVZHZ[HTtUZLTVZ[YHUUHZHTHPVYxHKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVHxUKHX\L\UOH
JPMYHZPTPSHYmKVZHS\TUVZHZ·\U ·T}Z[YHZLPUKLJPZV!UVULZ[mUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV
:LYm\UPJHTLU[L\UKVZTLZTVZVZX\LUVULZ[mUKLHJVYKVJVMLP[VKLX\LUVJPJSVZL[YHIHSSHU
JVU[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZJVHVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS6ZKVJLU[LZT}Z[YHUZL[HTtUKLHJVYKVV\TVP
KLHJVYKV JVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}UKLZ[HJHUKV\UPJHTLU[L\UKVZTLZTVZX\LUVULZ[mUPU
KLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKVL\UYLK\JPKVX\LZLTVZ[YHLUKLZHJVYKV
,UX\PZHKVZHZHJLYJHKLZLno ciclo se aprende como crear e xestionar unha empresa vincula-
da coa propia titulaciónHTHPVYWHY[LKVZHS\TUVZHZT}Z[YHZLPUKLJPZH!\UZPUHSHUUVULZ[HYUPU
KLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKVJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}U:LULTIHYNV]HPZLY\UWV\JVZ\WLYPVYHJPMYHKHX\LSLZ
X\LZLTVZ[YHUKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVWVZ[VX\LHTIVZJVSLJ[P]VZZ\THUVKVZLUX\PZHKVZ
HZ(VTLZTV[LTWV\UZPUHSHULZ[HYLUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKVJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}UVJHS
UVUKLP_HKLZLY\UOHJPMYHTmPZHS[HKVWYL]PHTLU[LLZWLYHKV:LHUHSPaHTVZULZ[LZLUZVHZYLZWVZ[HZ
KVZ [P[\SHKVZHZ H[VWHTVZ \UOH WYVWVYJP}U HxUKH THPVY KL LUX\PZHKVZHZ X\L ZL TVZ[YHU JVU[YHYPVZ m
]LYHJPKHKLKHHÄYTHJP}UWYVWVZ[H·LUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLUKLZHJVYKV·!YLMLYxTVUVZH\UOHWVYJLU[H_L
KV *PMYHZ\WLYPVYmKLHX\LSLZX\LZLTVZ[YHUHMH]VYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVKHKVX\LH
WVYJLU[H_LKL[P[\SHKVZHZX\LZLZP[HULZ[HJH[LNVYxHtKV(VTLZTV[LTWVHTHPVYWYVWVYJP}U
KL[P[\SHKVZHZ·\U·ZP[HZLU\U[LYTVPU[LYTLKPVUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV6ZKVJLU[LZ
ZLULTIHYNVJVUJVYKHUU\UOHWYVWVYJP}UTVPLSL]HKHJVHHÄYTHJP}UWYVWVZ[H·VZPUHSHLZ[HYKL
HJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV·TLU[YLZX\L[HUZ}\UZLTVZ[YHTVPLUKLZHJVYKVL\U[LU
KIPKHZHVYLZWLJ[V
*UÀðFR Distribución porcentual das respostas de alumnos/as, titulados/as e docentes ante as
HÄYTHJP}UZX\L]PUJ\SHUVZJVU[PKVZPTWHY[PKVZUH-7JV+LZLU]VS]LTLU[V/\THUVL:\Z[LU[HISL
Fonte: Elaboración propia.

7VYV\[YHIHUKHHWYVWVYJP}UKLHS\TUVZHZX\LJVUZPKLYHUX\Lno ciclo formativo se aprende
como previr riscos laborais no posto de traballotTmPZLSL]HKHX\LUVJHZVKVZJVU[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZ
HVH\[VTWYLNV5LZ[LJHZV\UZLTVZ[YHKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVTLU[YLZX\L[HUZ}\U
ZLZP[HUHWLYZWLJ[P]HJVU[YHYPH(VTLZTV[LTWV\UUVUZLPUJSPUHWVYUPUN\UOHKLZ[HZ
KHZVWJP}UZLZPUHSHUVULZ[HYUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV;HTtU\UKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZHÄYTHU
LZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVTLU[YLZ\UZLZP[HU\UOHWVZ[\YHPU[LYTLKPHUPUKLHJVYKV
UPULUKLZHJVYKVLZ}\UZLTVZ[YHLUKLZHJVYKV(ZJPMYHZYLSH[P]HZHVZKVJLU[LZTVZ[YHU\UOH
]LaTmPZVZL\HJVYKVJHZLTHZP]VJVHZHÄYTHJP}UZWYVWVZ[HZ!\UHÄYTHLZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVP
KLHJVYKVTLU[YLZX\L\UZLTVZ[YHUK\IP[H[P]VZ·ZPUHSHUUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV·L
UPUNUKLSLZZPUHSHUVULZ[HYKLHJVYKV
*VUYLZWLJ[VmJVUZPKLYHJP}UKVZHS\TUVZHZHJLYJHKLse no ciclo formativo se aprende como
M\UJPVUHUVZJVSLJ[P]VZKL[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZZPUKPJH[VZLJVTVZLWVKLWHY[PJPWHYULSLZKLUKL
o posto de traballo\U T}Z[YHZLKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVTLU[YLZX\L]HPZLY\UH
WVYJLU[H_LKVZX\LUVUJVUJVYKHUJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}U(VTLZTV[LTWVV\[YV]HPZLTVZ[YHY
PUKLJPZVZPUHSHUKVUVULZ[HYUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV6Z[P[\SHKVZHZWVSHZHIHUKH[HTtUZL
TVZ[YHUTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV JVHKL]HUKP[HHÄYTHJP}UZP[\mUKVZLLU
KLZHJVYKV\ULU\UOHWVZ[\YHPU[LYTLKPH\U KVZLUX\PZHKVZHZ6ZKVJLU[LZJVUJVYKHU
JHZLU\UOHWYVWVYJP}UZPTPSHYWVZ[VX\LVKVZTLZTVZHÄYTHLZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV
TLU[YLZX\L\UOHUHKHKLZWYLaHISLJPMYHKVZLZP[HU\UOHWVZ[\YHK\IP[H[P]HLU[YLTVZ[YHYZLV\
UVUKLHJVYKV<UPJHTLU[L\UKVZWYVMLZVYLZHZLUX\PZHKVZZPUHSHLZ[HYLUKLZHJVYKVJVMLP[VKL
X\LUVZJPJSVZZLHWYLUKLJVTVM\UJPVUHUVZJVSLJ[P]VZZPUKPJHPZLJVTVWHY[PJPWHYULSLZKLUKLVWVZ[V
SHIVYHS
(S\KPUKVHNVYHHZLno propio ciclo se aprenden estratexias de participación na vida social e
comunitaria do territorio comarcalHTHPVYxHKVHS\TUHKVZP[HZLU\UOHWVZPJP}UPU[LYTLKPHnon
LZ[mUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV:LULTIHYNVHX\LSLZHZX\LZLTVZ[YHULUKLZHJVYKVV\TVPLU
KLZHJVYKVZ\WLYHULUWVYJLU[H_LHVZX\LJVUJVYKHUJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}UKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV!
TLU[YLZX\LVZWYPTLPYVZHJHKHUVVZZLN\UKVZYLWYLZLU[HUV5VJHZVKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZ
LZ[HWYVWVYJP}UT\KHZ\WLYHUKVHX\LSLZHZX\LLZ[mUKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVHVZX\LZLTVZ[YHU
JVU[YHYPVZ!TLU[YLZVZWYPTLPYVZYLWYLZLU[HUHVKVZLUX\PZHKVZHZVZZLN\UKVZX\tKHUZLJV
6\[YV]HPZLTVZ[YHYUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV5VJHZVKVZKVJLU[LZ]VS]LYLWHY[PYZL
LZ[HTLZTHWYVWVYJP}UHxUKHX\LJ\UOHZJPMYHZKLHJVYKVTmPZLSL]HKHZ!]HPZLYVKVZLUX\PZHKVZ
HZVZX\LZLTVZ[YLUKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVJVMLP[VKLX\LUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZVHS\THUKVHWYLU
KLLZ[YH[L_PHZKLWHY[PJPWHJP}UUH]PKHZVJPHSLJVT\UP[HYPHTLU[YLZX\L\U ZLTVZ[YHYmPUKLJPZVL
[HUZ}\UZL]HPTVZ[YHYLUKLZHJVYKV
7VYS[PTV]HSVYHYLTVZLUX\LTLKPKHHS\TUVZHZ[P[\SHKVZHZLKVJLU[LZLZ[mUKLHJVYKVJVMLP[V
KLX\Lno ciclo formativo se aprende o que é a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e como esta
afecta ao traballador/a dentro do seu sector profesional6ZHS\TUVZHZT}Z[YHUZLTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[L
KLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVTLU[YLZX\LHX\LSLZHZX\LZPUHSHULZ[HYLUKLZHJVYKVV\TVP
LUKLZHJVYKV]HUJVUZ[P[\xYVKHTVZ[YH(VTLZTV[LTWVL_PZ[L\UX\LZLTVZ[YHU\UOH
WVZPJP}UPU[LYTLKPHUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV:\WLYPVYtHJPMYHKL[P[\SHKVZHZX\LZLTVZ[YHUKL
HJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVLUJVUJYL[V\UKV[V[HS7VSHJVU[YH\UKVZTLZTVZ]HPZLTVZ
[YHYLUKLZHJVYKVL\UUVU[LU\UOHVWPUP}UJSHYHHVYLZWLJ[VZPUHSHUUVULZ[HYUPUKLHJVYKVUPU
LUKLZHJVYKV6ZKVJLU[LZJVTV]LUZLUKVOHIP[\HSULZ[LISVX\LKL]HYPHISLZYLMLYPKVZHVZJVU[PKVZL
HWYLUKPaH_LZKVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZ]PUJ\SHKVZJV+:/JVPUJPKLULUTVZ[YHYZLU\UOHWVYJLU[H_LTmPZ
LSL]HKHX\LVZKV\ZJVSLJ[P]VZHU[LYPVYLZKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVJVHHÄYTHJP}UWYVWVZ[H,Z[mU
ULZ[HZP[\HJP}UVKVWYVMLZVYHKVLUX\PZHKVTLU[YLZX\LZ}\UPUKPJHLZ[HYLUKLZHJVYKV
L\UUVU[LU\UOHWLYZWLJ[P]HJSHYHHVYLZWLJ[V!ZPUHSHUUVULZ[HYUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV
<UOH]LaHJSHYHKHHWLYZWLJ[P]HKVZ[YLZJVSLJ[P]VZTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LPTWSPJHKVZUVJ\YYxJ\SVLUHZ
HWYLUKPaH_LZ HKX\PYPKHZ UVZ JPJSVZ MVYTH[P]VZ WYL[LUKLTVZ LUX\PZHY L_JS\ZP]HTLU[L HVZ KVJLU[LZ
acerca de se ZL[LUHWYVIHKVWVSVJLU[YVLK\JH[P]VHSNUKVJ\TLU[VVUKLZLYLÅPJ[HVJVT-
promiso da comunidade educativa co DSH da comarca ou do concelloUVX\LZLZP[HU"HZxJVTV
KLX\LKVJ\TLU[VZL[YH[HV\ZLna programación de aula aparecen tamén recollidos contidos e
actividades relacionadas coa educación para o DSH.
9LZWLJ[VKHWYPTLPYHJ\LZ[P}U]LYNYmÄJVHTHPVYWHY[LKVZKVJLU[LZVW[HUV\ILUWVYUVUJVU
[LZ[HYV\WVYZPUHSHYX\LLZ[LJVTWYVTPZVUVUL_PZ[L;HUZ}\UKVZLUX\PZHKVZ
HZZPUHSHX\LL_PZ[L\UJVTWYVTPZVWVYWHY[LKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]H·THUPMLZ[HKVUHSNUKVJ\TLU[V
HWYVIHKVWVSHTLZTH·X\LKL[LYTPUHX\LVJLU[YVJVU[YPILHV+:/KHJVTHYJHV\JVUJLSSVUVX\L
ZLZP[H(U[LHJ\LZ[P}UKLLUX\LKVJ\TLU[VHWHYLJLTHUPMLZ[HKVLZ[LJVTWYVTPZV[HUZ}YLZWVZ[H
KVZKVJLU[LZX\LUHJ\LZ[P}UHU[LYPVYHÄYTHYVUX\LZPL_PZ[xHKP[VKVJ\TLU[V,Z[HWLYZVHZPUHSHX\LV
JVTWYVTPZVKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]HJV+/:HWHYLJLZPUHSHKVUV7YV_LJ[V,K\JH[P]VKL*LU[YV
TLU[YLZX\LVZKLTHPZKVJ\TLU[VZVUKLLZ[LJVTWYVTPZVWVKLYxHHWHYLJLYUVUVI[L|LUUPUN\UOHYLZ
WVZ[HWVYWHY[LKVZKVJLU[LZ·\U WVSV[HU[VVW[HWVYUVUJVU[LZ[HYHLZ[HJ\LZ[P}U·

*UÀðFRDistribución porcentual dos docentes en función de se consideran
X\LUVJLU[YVKL-7ZLHWYVIV\HSNUKVJ\TLU[VVUKLZLYLÅPJ[HVJVTWYVTPZV
da comunidade educativa co DSH da comarca ou concello no que se sitúa.

(S\KPUKVHNVYHHse nas programacións de aula dos docentes existen contidos vinculados co
DSH ]LYNYmÄJVWVKLTVZZPUHSHYX\LHTHPVYWHY[LZPUHSHX\LZPLZ[mUJVU[LTWSHKVZ 7VSH
JVU[YH\UPUKPJH[VKVVJVU[YHYPV!X\LUVUHWHYLJLUJVU[PKVZUPUHJ[P]PKHKLZ]PUJ\SHKHZJVULZ[L
[LTHKLU[YVKHZHWYVNYHTHJP}UKLH\SH
*UÀðFRDistribución porcentual dos docentes en función de se contan ou non con contidos

e actividades relacionadas coa educación para o DSH nas súas programacións de aula.
5. Discusión e conclusións
(HWSPJHJP}UKVZWYPUJPWPVZKVTVKLSVKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VX\LKLUKLLZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLWYVW\NUH
¶KLZLU]VS]LTLU[VO\THUVLZ\Z[LU[HISL¶]HUKL[LYTPUHYHJVU[YPI\JP}UKH-70UPJPHSULZ[HJVTHYJHHV
KL]HUKP[VTVKLSV(PUJS\ZP}UUVJ\YYxJ\SVKH-7KLJVU[PKVZX\L]PUJ\SLUHMVYTHJP}UUVUZ}JVHHWYLU
KPaH_L[tJUPJHZLU}U[HTtUJVULZ[YH[L_PHZKLHUmSPZLJYx[PJHKHYLHSPKHKLT\UKPHSV\KLWHY[PJPWHJP}U
JPKHKm]HUJVUZ[P[\xYZLUVleitmotiv deste apartado
<U KVZ LSLTLU[VZ X\L TLSSVY KLILU JHYHJ[LYPaHY H ZPUN\SHYPKHKL K\U KL[LYTPUHKV JLU[YV t V ZL\
WYV_LJ[VLK\JH[P]VKVJ\TLU[VImZPJVUVX\LHJVT\UPKHKL]HPYLÅLJ[PYHZZHZPU[LUJP}UZJSH]LYLZWLJ[V
KVHS\TUHKVL[HTtUKVZKLTHPZJVSLJ[P]VZX\LZLZP[HUUVZL\YHKPVKLPUÅ\LUJPH3H]xU +LS:VSHY
5LZ[LZLUZVtKLLZWLJPHSPTWVY[HUJPHJSHYPÄJHYULZ[LWYV_LJ[VHX\LTVKLSVKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
WYL[LUKLJVU[YPI\xYVJLU[YVTVZ[YHUKVHZHWHY[PJPWHJP}UL_WSxJP[HKHX\LSLZTVKLSVZKLLUZPUVHWYLU
KPaH_LX\LKLJPKPKHTLU[LMH]VYLJLUVsaberWLYV[HTtUVsaber facer e o saber estar 9PLZJV.VUamSLa
,ZWLY[HYUVHS\TUHKVHJHWHJPKHKLH\[VKPKHJ[HLHJ\YPVZPKHKLWVSVJV|LJLTLU[VHZxJVTVH
JHWHJPKHKLKL]P]PYU\UOHJVU[VYUHKLTVJYm[PJHLWS\YHSKLILUZLYLU[LUKPKVZJVTVYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKLZ
JSH]L)HP_VLZ[HWLYZWLJ[P]HYLZ\S[HLZWLJPHSTLU[LZPNUPÄJH[P]VX\LHTHPVYWHY[LKVZKVJLU[LZLUX\P
ZHKVZ·\U[HSJVTVZLYLJVSSLUVNYmÄJV·ZPUHSLX\LUVUL_PZ[L\UJVTWYVTPZVTHUPMLZ[VWVY
WHY[LKHJVT\UPKHKLLK\JH[P]HWHYHJVU[YPI\xYHV+:/KHJVTHYJHV\JVUJLSSVUVX\LZLZP[HVJLU[YV
*VYYVIVYHUHZxX\LUVUZLHWYVIV\LUUPUNUKVJ\TLU[VKVJLU[YVHKL[LYTPUHJP}UKLJVU[YPI\xYLUJVU
JYL[VHLZ[LTVKLSVKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[V(KLTHPZV\[YVKVWYVMLZVYHKVVW[HWVYUVUJVU[LZ[HY
WVSVX\LWVKLTVZKLK\JPYX\LKLZJV|LJLUZLL_PZ[LKP[VJVTWYVTPZVV\UVU;HUZ}\UHÄYTH
X\LLZ[LJVTWYVTPZVL_PZ[LLHU[LHJ\LZ[P}UKLLUX\LKVJ\TLU[VHWHYLJLYLÅLJ[PKV\UZPUHSH
X\LUV7YV_LJ[V,K\JH[P]V6 YLZ[HU[LVW[HWVYUVUYLZWVUKLYHLZ[HJ\LZ[P}UWVSVX\LWVKLTVZ
KLK\JPYX\LUPUNUKVZJLU[YVZKVZX\LWYVJLKLUVZLUX\PZHKVZHZJVU[HJVUKVJ\TLU[VZJVTVHCarta
Escolar do Medio AmbienteV\MVYTHUWHY[LK\UForo de participación cidadáPTW\SZHKVWVSV*VUJLSSVUV
THYJVKV7YVNYHTH(_LUKH3VJHS.\[PtYYLa)HZ[PKHWVYL_LTWSV
,UYLSHJP}UKPYLJ[HJVULZ[HZP[\HJP}U]LTVZX\LLUTVP[HZKHZWYVNYHTHJP}UZKLH\SH·\U
KVZKVJLU[LZHZxVZPUHSH·UVUZLYLJVSSLUUPUJVU[PKVZUPUHJ[P]PKHKLZ]PUJ\SHKHZJV+:/]LYNYmÄJV
<UOHWVYJLU[H_LJLY[HTLU[LLSL]HKH[LUKVLUJVU[HX\LLU[VKHZLSHZKLILYxHULZ[HISLJLYZLJVU[PKVZ
KVZ[YHKPJPVUHSTLU[LKLUVTPUHKVZtransversais LX\LWYLZ\TPISLTLU[LWVKLYxHUPYLUJHTP|HKVZHHIVY
KHYHSN\UOHKHZJ\LZ[P}UZX\L]PUJ\SHUVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VWYVMLZPVUHSKVZ[tJUPJVZJV+/:
5LZ[LZLUZVLUX\PZHKVZHZVZKVJLU[LZHJLYJHKLHTIVZISVX\LZKLJVU[PKV]LYNYmÄJVHTHPVY
WHY[LHÄYTHUX\L[VKHZLZ[HZJ\LZ[P}UZ[L|LUWYLZLUaHUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZX\LZLPTWHY[LUUHJVTHY
JH;HStHZxX\LWVYL_LTWSVVKVZKVJLU[LZHÄYTHUX\LUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZZL[YHIHSSHUJVU
[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZHVHWYV]LP[HTLU[VYLZWVUZHISLKVZYLJ\YZVZUH[\YHPZLVYLZWLJ[VWVSVTLKPVHTIPLU[L
UVWVZ[VKL[YHIHSSVVJHSLU[YHLUJVU[YHKPJP}UKHSN\UOHTHULPYHJVUX\LPZ[VUVUHWHYLaHYLÅLJ[PKV
U\UKHZWYVNYHTHJP}UZKLH\SHKVZKVJLU[LZLUX\PZHKVZHZ[HSJVTVHJHIHTVZKLZPUHSHY(V
TLZTV[LTWV]HUJVUÄYTHYLZ[HWLYJLWJP}UKVZKVJLU[LZ·ZP[\mUKVZLKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKV
JVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}U·Z}VKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZLVKVHS\TUHKV*PMYHZX\LUVUYLWYLZLU[HUm
THPVYxHKVZKPZJLU[LZLX\LWV|LUKLTHUPMLZ[VHL_PZ[LUJPHKLKPMLYLUaHZUHZHWYLJPHJP}UZZPUHSHKHZLU
M\UJP}UKVJVSLJ[P]VKVX\LZL[YH[L
9LZWLJ[V KVZ JVU[PKVZ ]PUJ\SHKVZ JVH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U ZPUKPJHS KVZ [YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ H THPVY WHY[L
KVZ[P[\SHKVZHZJVPUJPKLJVL_WYLZHKVWVSHTHPVYxHKVZKVJLU[LZ·JHZLUHTLZTHWVYJLU[H_L·UVU
HZxUVJHZVKVHS\TUHKV4LU[YLZ\U KVZHS\TUVZHZJVUZPKLYHUX\LUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZZL
HWYLUKLJVTVM\UJPVUHUVZJVSLJ[P]VZKL[YHIHSSHKVYLZHZZPUKPJH[VZHJPMYHHZJLUKLHV UVJHZV
KVZ[P[\SHKVZHZLHVUVJHZVKVZKVJLU[LZ(xUKHHZxX\LKHYxHHV\[YHTL[HKLKHTVZ[YH[HU[VKVZ
[P[\SHKVZHZJVTVKVZWYVWPVZKVJLU[LZX\LUVUJVPUJPKLUJVULZ[HHÄYTHJP}UWVZ[VX\LV\ILUZPUHSHU
UVULZ[HYKLHJVYKVV\UVU[LYJSHYHHYLZWVZ[HUVULZ[mUUPUKLHJVYKVUPULUKLZHJVYKV
(U[LHJ\LZ[P}UKLZLUVZJPJSVZMVYTH[P]VZZLHWYLUKLULZ[YH[L_PHZKLWHY[PJPWHJP}UUH]PKHZVJPHSL
JVT\UP[HYPHKVWYVWPV[LYYP[VYPVJVTHYJHS]HP]VS]LYZLYVKVZKVJLU[LZVZX\LLZ[mUKLHJVYKVV\
TVPKLHJVYKVHZxJVTVVKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZLVKVHS\TUHKV(WLYZWLJ[P]HTmPZoptimista
]VS]LZLYHKVZKVJLU[LZTLU[YLZX\LHKVZHS\TUVZHZtHTmPZWLZPTPZ[HLHKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZZLZP[H
U\UW\U[VPU[LYTLKPVLU[YLHTIHZ
7VYS[PTVJVUYLZWLJ[VHVJV|LJLTLU[VKVX\LtH9LZWVUZHIPSPKHKL:VJPHS*VYWVYH[P]HKHZLTWYL
ZHZ L JVTV LZ[H HMLJ[H HVZ [YHIHSSHKVYLZHZ UV THYJV KV ZLJ[VY WYVMLZPVUHS HV X\L WLY[LUJL V JPJSV
MVYTH[P]VHVPN\HSX\LUVZJHZVZHU[LYPVYLZHTHPVYWHY[LKVZKVJLU[LZ·ULZ[LJHZV\U·]HPZL
TVZ[YHYKLHJVYKVV\TVPKLHJVYKVTLU[YLZX\LJVPUJPKLUULZ[HYLZWVZ[H\UKVZ[P[\SHKVZHZ
L\UKVHS\TUHKV(WLZHYKLX\LHTHPVYWHY[LKVZJVSLJ[P]VZLUX\PZHKVZHZZLTVZ[YHUMH]V
YHISLZUVUYLWYLZLU[HUJPMYHZTVPLSL]HKHZWVZ[VX\LZ}VJVSLJ[P]VKLKVJLU[LZZ\WLYHSP_LPYHTLU[LH
TL[HKLKHTVZ[YHTLU[YLZX\LVZKLTHPZUVUJOLNHUUPUZLX\LYHHLZ[HJPMYH(VTLZTV[LTWVZLTLSSH
KLUV]VHTWSHHKPMLYLUaHL_PZ[LU[LLU[YLHZWLYJLWJP}UZKLHS\TUHKVL[P[\SHKVZHZWVY\UOHIHUKHL
as dos docentes por outra.
;HSJVTV]PTVZZPUHSHUKVH[HVKLHNVYHUHTHPVYWHY[LKHZJ\LZ[P}UZHUHSPaHKHZVZKVJLU[LZT}Z
[YHUZLUHZHTHPVYxHTmPZVW[PTPZ[HZX\LVZKLTHPZJVSLJ[P]VZLUX\PZHKVZHZ7VKLTVZHÄYTHYWVPZ
X\L[L|LU\UOHWLYJLWJP}UKH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSLU_LYHSTmPZWVZP[P]HLUYLSHJP}UHVTVKLSVKL
+:/X\LVZJVSLJ[P]VZKLHS\TUVZHZLZVIYL[VKVX\LVZ[P[\SHKVZHZ:LULTIHYNV[HTtUtJLY[VX\L
JVTVLSLZHZTLZTVZWV|LUKLTHUPMLZ[VTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LUVUZLTLSSHL_PZ[PYUPUNUKVJ\TLU[VKV
JLU[YV·PUJS\xUKVHX\xHZWYVNYHTHJP}UZKLH\SH·UVX\LZLHS\KHKPYLJ[HTLU[LHV+:/JVTVTVKLSV
KLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VHVX\LJVU[YPILVJLU[YVLWHY[PJ\SHYTLU[LHZLUZPUHUaHZKL-70Z[VPTWSPJH[HTtU
H L_PZ[LUJPH KL JLY[HZ JHYLUJPHZ LZWLJPHSTLU[L m OVYH KL LZ[HISLJLY H UP]LS KL JLU[YV X\L TVKLSV KL
ZVJPLKHKLZLX\LYLJVU[YPI\xYHJVUZ[Y\xY
(N\HKV4VYHSLQV0,JOLIHYYPH4PN\LS*L)HYY\[PH3LNHYYL[H14 ,SKLZHYYVSSVZVZ[LUPISLHSV
SHYNVKLSHOPZ[VYPHKLSWLUZHTPLU[VLJVU}TPJVRevista de Economía Mundial
(SI\YX\LYX\L-Foro virtual sobre desarrollo territorial y economía del desarrollo. Un intento de
situar el enfoque del Desarrollo Territorial dentro de los Estudios sobre el Desarrollo9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O
[[W!^^^KLSHSI\YX\LYX\LJVTPTHNLZZ\IPKHZ+VJ\TLU[VMVYV]PY[\HSLUMVX\L
+,3WKM
)Y\UK[SHUK./ Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common
Future65<9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!JVUZWLJ[USWKM6\YF*VTTVUF-\[\YL)Y\UK[SHUKF9LWVY[F WKM
*VTPZP}U4\UKPHSZVIYL4LKPV(TIPLU[LL+LZLU]VS]LTLU[V Nuestro futuro común4HKYPK!(SPHUaH
.\[PtYYLa)HZ[PKH17YVNYHTHL,K\JHJP}U(TIPLU[HS!YHxJLZKH(_LUKH,ZJVSHYAmbien-
talMENTEsustentable_HULPYV_\|V
/PKHSNV*HWP[mU(3 Una visión retrospectiva de la economía del desarrollo/\LS]H!<UP]LYZPKHK
KL/\LS]H9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!^^^\O\LZHU[VUPVOPKHSNVKVJ\TLU[VZ,JVUVTPH+LZHYYVSSVWKM
+H[HKLJVUZ\S[H
3H]xU: +LS:VSHY:El proyecto educativo institucional como herramienta de transformación de
la vida escolar:HU[PHNVKL*OPSL!364,KPJPVULZ
3LPKVKLTHPVKL,K\JHJP}U36,)6,
4HZSV^/ La tercera fuerza. La psicología propuesta por Abraham Maslow4t_PJV+-!,KP[VYPHS
;YPSSHZ
4H[H0[\YYHSKL*Desarrollo Económico Local: Análisis del debate teórico y metodológico en Amé-
rica Latina.\H`HX\PS!-3(*:69LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!OKSOHUKSLUL[
5PZIL[9( Historia de la idea de progreso)HYJLSVUH!.LKPZH
6IYLN}U+H]PZ:(Planeación para el desarrollo humano y bases metodológicas para su ins-
trumentación. Análisis de las experiencias en Andalucía y Jalisco:L]PSSH!*LU[YVKL,Z[\KPVZ(UKHS\
JLZ*VUZLYQLYxHKLSH7YLZPKLUJPH
7YVNYHTHKHZ5HJP}UZ<UPKHZWHYHV+LZLU]VS]LTLU[V75<+ Informe sobre desarrollo humano
1990)VNV[m!;LYJLY4\UKV,KP[VYLZ
9LNV(NYHZV3A ordenación da Formación Profesional Inicial e a súa vinculación co desenvolve-
mento socioeconómico dos territorios comarcais galegos[LZLKLKV\[VYHTLU[VPUtKP[H:HU[PHNVKL
*VTWVZ[LSH!<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
9L`LZ,.7YPUJPWHSLZ;LVYxHZZVIYLLS+LZHYYVSSV,JVU}TPJV`:VJPHS5}THKHZRevista crítica
de ciencias sociales y jurídicas5T?\SSV+LJLTIYV9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!WLUKPLU[LKLTPNYH
JPVU\JTLZPUMVUVTHKHZNLYL`LZWKM+H[HKLJVUZ\S[H!
9PLZJV.VUamSLa4,SLUMVX\LWVYJVTWL[LUJPHZLULS,,,:`Z\ZPTWSPJHJPVULZLUSHLUZL|HUaH
`LSHWYLUKPaHQLTendencias pedagógicas
:LU(Desarrollo y Libertad)VNV[m!7SHUL[H
Irene Santos Almeira
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Desarrollo Humano y
4mZ[LYLU.LYVU[VSVNxH
HSTLPYHZHU[VZPYLUL'NTHPSJVT Envejecimiento Activo:
Tamara Bouzas Lampón
<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNV Un Binomio
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
[HTHYHIV\aHZSHTWVU'NTHPSJVT
de Trabajo Digno
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Introducción
,SKLZHYYVSSVO\THUV[PLULJVTVVIQL[P]VTLQVYHYSHZ
JVUKPJPVULZKL]PKHKLSVZTPLTIYVZKL\UHZVJPLKHKH
[YH]tZKL\UPUJYLTLU[VKLSVZIPLULZ`ZLY]PJPVZJVUSVZ
X\LW\LKLJ\IYPYZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZImZPJHZ`JVTWSLTLU
[HYPHZHSTPZTV[PLTWVX\LLZJHWHaKLJYLHY\ULU[VYUV
ZVJPVJ\S[\YHS KVUKL ZL YLZWL[LU SVZ KLYLJOVZ O\THUVZ
2HPS :PLUKV JVUZJPLU[LZ KLS NYHU WLZV X\L LS
NY\WVL[HYPVKLH|VZ`TmZLZ[mJVIYHUKVLUSHHJ[\H
SPKHK LZ[L KLZHYYVSSV KLIL OHJLY LZWLJPHS OPUJHWPt LU SH
L[HWHKLSH]LQLaWYVJ\YHUKVX\LSHZKLIPSPKHKLZX\LZL
W\LKHU WYVK\JPY ZLHU LYYHKPJHKHZ V HMYVU[HKHZ H [YH]tZ
KLSHZH[PZMHJJP}UKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZZPUVS]PKHYYLZHS[HYZ\
PTWVY[HUJPH ZVJPHS WHYH HMYVU[HY LS LU]LQLJPTPLU[V JVTV
\U MLU}TLUV ]P[HS" YLZHS[HUKV LS WHWLS M\UKHTLU[HS KL
SVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZNLYVU[VS}NPJVZHSHOVYHKLPUJ\SJHY\U
HWYLUKPaHQLWHYH\ULU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VLUJHKHPUKP]P
K\VVNY\WV`LUSHZVJPLKHKLUZ\JVUQ\U[V
:P LZ[VZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ KLZWPLY[HU LU SVZ PUKP]PK\VZ
NY\WVZ ` JVT\UPKHKLZ Z\Z JHWHJPKHKLZ WHYH HWYLUKLY
WVKYmU H [YH]tZ KL SHZ OLYYHTPLU[HZ TmZ HWYVWPHKHZ
TVZ[YHYSLZ LS JHTPUV OHJPH \UH L[HWH ]P[HS [HU YLSL]HU[L
JVTVSHZKLTmZKVUKLSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHUVLZ[mYL|PKH
JVUSVZH|VZX\LZL[PLULUW\LZZPSVZZ\QL[VZZVUWYV
[HNVUPZ[HZ KL Z\ LU]LQLJPTPLU[V HJ[P]V SVNYHYmU HMYVU[HY
HX\LSSHZZP[\HJPVULZKLTH`VYJVTWSPJHJP}UZHIPLUKVYLZ
WVUKLYLUWVZP[P]VHSTPZTV[PLTWVX\LHWVY[HUZHS\KH
Z\ZH|VZ
,ULZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}ULUMVYTH[VW}Z[LYYLHSPaHTVZ
\UH HWYV_PTHJP}U JVUJLW[\HS HS [tYTPUV LU]LQLJPTPLU
[V HJ[P]V LZ KLJPY HJLYJmUKVUVZ HS SLJ[VY WHYH KHYSL H
JVUVJLYJ}TVW\LKLZLY]PZ[HLZ[HL[HWHLPKLU[PÄJHUKV
SVZ JVUVJPTPLU[VZ ULJLZHYPVZ WHYH LSSV 7VZ[LYPVYTLU[L
HUHSPaHTVZLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VLUKVZWHxZLZ]LJPUVZJVTV
ZVU ,ZWH|H ` 7VY[\NHS WHYH JVTWHYHY LZ[L MLU}TLUV `
WYVM\UKPaHYLULSYVSX\LLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKLSHK\S[VTH`VY
L_WLYPTLU[H JVTV Z\QL[V HJ[P]V ZVJPHSTLU[L" YLZHS[HUKV
WHYH LSSV LS WHWLS KL SVZ WYVMLZPVUHSLZ NLYVU[VS}NPJVZ H
SH OVYH KL HWVY[HY JVUVJPTPLU[VZ Z}SPKVZ ZVIYL SH ]LQLa
KLMVYTHPUKP]PK\HS`NY\WHSHZxJVTVHSHZJVT\UPKHKLZ
JVULSÄUKLX\LW\LKHU]P]PYSH]LQLaJVUSHTH`VYJHSPKHK
KL]PKHWVZPISL`ZPUZLU[PTPLU[VZKLYLJOHaV,USHIZ
X\LKHKLLZ[VZVIQL[P]VZV[YVLSLTLU[VHKLZ[HJHYLZSH
,\YVYYLNP}U.HSPJPH5VY[LKL7VY[\NHS!<ULZWHJPVWHYHLS[YHIHQVKPNUVJVSHIVYH[P]V`[YHUZMYVU[LYPaVX\L
MH]VYLaJH\UHH[LUJP}UNLYVU[VSVNxHZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLK\JH[P]HZHUP[HYPHHKHW[HKHHSHWVISHJP}UTH`VYKL
HTIVZWHxZLZ
7HYHÄUHSPaHYHWVY[HTVZ\UHZJVUJS\ZPVULZX\LLTHUHUKLSJVU[LUPKVHX\xL_W\LZ[V
Envejecimiento Activo
3VZWYPTLYVZKVJ\TLU[VZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVULS[LTHZ\YNPLYVULUSVZH|VZ HS[YH[HYSHPTWVY[HUJPH
KLSHHJ[P]PKHKMxZPJH`LSLZ[PSVKL]PKHZHS\KHISLWHYHLU]LQLJLYTLQVY,Z[HHW\LZ[HZLYLMVYa}JVULSSLTH
KLS+xH4\UKPHSKLSHZHS\KKL El envejecimiento activo marca la diferencia®Active aging makes the
KPќLYLUJL®,ZLTPZTVH|VM\LKLJSHYHKV«(|V0U[LYUHJPVUHSKLSHZ7LYZVUHZ4H`VYLZ»WVYSH6YNHUPaH
JP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K64:JVUÄYTHUKVZ\M\LY[LPTWSPJHJP}U,SVIQL[P]VLYHKLQHYH[YmZSVZHU[PN\VZ
JSPJOtZHSYLKLKVYKLSH]LQLa`LSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHWVZ[HUKVWVY\UHWHY[PJPWHJP}UHJ[P]HK\YHU[L[VKHSH
]PKH4HY[xULa
5VM\LOHZ[HLSH|VJ\HUKVZLVMYLJP}\UHKLÄUPJP}U`[LYTPUVSVNxHJSHYHZVIYLLZ[LLZ[PSVKL
LU]LQLJPTPLU[VHZxSH64:W KLÄUP}LU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VJVTV¸LSWYVJLZVKLVW[PTPaHJP}U
KLSHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLZHS\KWHY[PJPWHJP}U`ZLN\YPKHKJVULSÄUKLTLQVYHYSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHHTLKPKH
X\LSHZWLYZVUHZLU]LQLJLU¹,Z[LJVUJLW[VLZHWSPJHISLHPUKP]PK\VZNY\WVZ`JVT\UPKHKLZKLWVISH
JP}U7LYTP[LHSHZWLYZVUHZYLHSPaHYZLHU[LZ\WV[LUJPHSKLIPLULZ[HYMxZPJVZVJPHSLTVJPVUHS`TLU[HSH
TLKPKHX\LZLKLZHYYVSSH`WHY[PJPWHLUSHZVJPLKHKKLHJ\LYKVJVUZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZKLZLVZ`JHWHJPKH
KLZZPUVS]PKHYWYVWVYJPVUHY`YLJPIPYWYV[LJJP}UZLN\YPKHK`J\PKHKVZHKLJ\HKVZJ\HUKVZLULJLZP[HU
7HY[PLUKVKLLZ[HKLÄUPJP}ULS04:,9:6PUKPJHJPUJVWH\[HZJSH]LWHYHYLMVYaHYKPJOVLU]LQL
JPTPLU[V!
;LULY\UHI\LUHZHS\KVIQL[P]H`Z\IQL[P]H!(J[P[\KLZWVZP[P]HZOHJPHSHWYL]LUJP}UPU[LY]LUJP}U`
WYVTVJP}UKLSHZHS\K
;LULY\UHKLJ\HKVM\UJPVUHTPLU[VMxZPJV!THU[LULYSHHJ[P]PKHKMxZPJHYLHSPaHUKV«LQLYJPJPVHKHW[H
do»HJHKHWLYZVUH3VZLMLJ[VZILULÄJPVZVZKLSLQLYJPJPVYLN\SHYPUKPJHUX\LLZSHHJJP}UKL[LY
TPUHU[LWHYHWYVTV]LYLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VZHS\KHISL+LILTVZZLYJHWHJLZKLJVU[YVSHYZ\
HWSPJHJP}U`J\TWSPTPLU[VJVUVJPLUKVLZ[YH[LNPHZLMLJ[P]HZ`]PHISLZ
;LULY\UM\UJPVUHTPLU[VTLU[HSHWYVWPHKV!THU[LULYSHJHWHJPKHKTLU[HS`KLHWYLUKPaHQLHJ[P]H
YLHSPaHUKVSHZHKHW[HJPVULZVWVY[\UHZ
:LY`THU[LULYZLPUKLWLUKPLU[L`H\[}UVTVJ\HU[VTmZ[PLTWVTLQVY!,Z\UHWYL]LUJP}ULZWLJx
ÄJHKLSHKPZJHWHJPKHK`SHKLWLUKLUJPH
,SVIQL[P]VKLSHWYVTVJP}UKLLZ[LLZ[PSVKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VLZL_[LUKLYSHJHSPKHKSHWYVK\J[P]PKHK`
LZWLYHUaHKL]PKHOHZ[HLKHKLZH]HUaHKHZ(KLTmZKLZLN\PYZPLUKVHJ[P]VMxZPJHTLU[HS`ZVJPHSTLU[L
WHY[PJPWHUKVLUHJ[P]PKHKLZYLJYLH[P]HZKL]VS\U[HYPHKVVYLT\ULYHKHZWLX\L|VZ[YHIHQVZV«TPUPQVIZ»
J\S[\YHSLZZVJPHSLZ`LK\JH[P]HZ,SLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VZLZP[HLUSHIHZLKLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSVZ
KLYLJOVZO\THUVZKLSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZWHYHTHU[LULYZ\PUKLWLUKLUJPHWHY[PJPWHJP}UKPNUPKHK
H[LUJP}UH\[VKLZHYYVSSV`H\[VJ\PKHKV(ZxKLZKLLZ[HWLYZWLJ[P]HSVZKL[LYTPUHU[LZKLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[V
HJ[P]VZLYxHU!LJVU}TPJVZZVJPHSLZMxZPJVZLTVJPVUHSLZZLY]PJPVZZVJPHSLZ`KLZHS\KWLYZVUHSLZWZP
JVS}NPJVZÌPVS}NPJVZ`JVTWVY[HTLU[HSLZAHTHYY}U,ZWVYLSSVX\L[HU[VSHZWVSx[PJHZJVTVSVZ
WYVNYHTHZSSL]HKVZHJHIVWVYSVZKPZ[PU[VZWHxZLZKLSHJVT\UPKHKL\YVWLHOHUKLIHZHYZLLUSVZKLYL
JOVZULJLZPKHKLZWYLMLYLUJPHZ`JHWHJPKHKLZKLSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZ(KLTmZZLYLJVTPLUKHX\L
KLZKL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLJPJSV]P[HSZLYLJVUVaJHSHPUÅ\LUJPHKLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZ]P]LUJPHKHZLUYLSHJP}U
JVUSHTHULYHKLLU]LQLJLY64:
,USVX\LJVUJPLYULHSPUKP]PK\VLSMVJVKLH[LUJP}ULZJVTVHWYLUKLYHLU]LQLJLY®SVX\LZPNUPÄJH
JHW[HYKLMVYTH}W[PTHSVX\LW\LKLVMYLJLYSH]PKHLUSHHUJPHUPKHKHJLW[HUKVSHZSPTP[HJPVULZIPVS}NP
JHZUVYTHSLZ`WV[LUJPHUKVSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZLUYPX\LJLKVYHZ(ZxLZ[LZHILYHJHIH[YHUZMVYTmUKVZLLU
HWYLUKLYH]P]PYSHZL[HWHZKLSH]PKHHMYVU[mUKVSHZUH[\YHSTLU[L-LYUmUKLa)HSSLZ[LYVZ7HYHX\L
LZ[LHMYVU[HTPLU[VW\LKHYLHSPaHYZLKLMVYTHJVYYLJ[H`JVOLYLU[LLZYLSL]HU[LX\LSHZWLYZVUHZKLZKL
IPLU[LTWYHUVHZVJPLUSVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZYLSHJPVUHKVZJVUSH]LQLaKLSHTHUVKLSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZX\L
JVUMVYTHULSJHTWVLK\JH[P]VWZPJVS}NPJVZVJPHS`NLYVU[VS}NPJVWHYHX\LWVZ[LYPVYTLU[LKLZKL\U
HWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[LWVKHTVZHTWSPHYSVZHSHZLZMLYHZMVYTH[P]HZUVMVYTHSLZ`VPUMVYTHSLZ

(SHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UNLYVU[VS}NPJHW\LKLUHJJLKLYWYVMLZPVUHSLZJVU[P[\SHJPVULZKLIHZLT\`KPZWHY7YVMLZPVUHSLZKL
SHZHS\KWZPJVSVNxHWLKHNVNxH[YHIHQVZVJPHS
El envejecimiento en España y Portugal
,U SHZ ZVJPLKHKLZ H]HUaHKHZ HJ[\HSLZ JHYHJ[LYPaHKHZ WVY \UH PU[LUZH JVUL_P}U ZVJPHS OH` LU SHZ
S[PTHZKtJHKHZ\UKLZJLUZVKLSH[HZHKLMLJ\UKPKHK<ULQLTWSVZVUSVZJHZVZKL,ZWH|H`7VY[\NHS
K}UKLSH[HZHKLMLJ\UKPKHKZLLUJ\LU[YHLU\UVZ]HSVYLZT\ÌHQVZLU[YLSVZWHxZLZKLST\UKVKLZH
YYVSSHKVZX\L[PLULU\UH[HZHIHQHKLMLJ\UKPKHKQ\U[V0[HSPHWHYHSVZS[PTVZH|VZ,U
LU,ZWH|HZLYLNPZ[YVX\LOHÙHJPTPLU[VZWVYJHKHT\QLYJVU\UHLKHKTLKPHKLH|VZWHYH
Z\WYPTLYOPQVHSPN\HSX\L0[HSPHWVYUHJPTPLU[VZWVYT\QLYLKHKTLKPHH|VZZ\WLYPVYHSHLZWH|VSH
`[YHZLZ[VZWHxZLZLZ[m7VY[\NHSJVUUHJPTPLU[VZLKHKTLKPHH|VZ,Z[VZKH[VZW\LKLUZLY
VJHZPVUHKVZ WVY MHJ[VYLZ JVTV SH PUJVYWVYHJP}U KL SHZ T\QLYLZ HS TLYJHKV SHIVYHS H\TLU[V KLS UP]LS
LK\JH[P]VMLTLUPUVKPÄJ\S[HKLZWHYHSHPUKLWLUKLUJPHLJVU}TPJH`SHWVZPIPSPKHKKLMVYTHYWHYLQHLZ[HISL
KLIPKVHSHZP[\HJP}ULUSHX\LZLLUJ\LU[YHLSTLYJHKVPUTVIPSPHYPV)HPamU`"H\UKLZWSHaHTPLU[V
KLWYPVYPKHKLZHS]HSVYHYTmZV[YVZHZWLJ[VZKLSH]PKH[YHIHQV]PKHLUWHYLQH`[PLTWVSPIYLHU[LZX\LSH
MVYTHJP}UKL\UHMHTPSPH+LSNHKV
,UJVU[YHWVZPJP}UHLZ[VZKH[VZL_PZ[L\UPUJYLTLU[VLUSHLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHSVX\LWYV]VJH\UHS[V
WVYJLU[HQLKLWVISHJP}ULULKHKH]HUaHKH(SJHUaHYLZ[HZLKHKLZLUtWVJHZHU[LYPVYLZLYHPTWLUZHISL
ZVIYL[VKVZHZSVZHZVJ[VNLULYHYPVZHZX\L`HOHU]P]PKVT\JOHZL_WLYPLUJPHZ`X\LW\LKLUHWVY[HYHSH
ZVJPLKHK\UNYHU]HSVYL_WLYPLUJPHSPU[LSPNLUJPHJYPZ[HSPaHKH`ZVJPVJ\S[\YHS
,USVZJHZVZKLSLZ[HKVLZWH|VS`WVY[\N\tZLSMLU}TLUVKLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VZLPUJYLTLU[HWVYX\L
LUSVZS[PTVZH|VZZLOHT\S[PWSPJHKVLSUTLYVKLWLYZVUHZJVULKHKLZZ\WLYPVYLZKLH|VZ
:PN\PLUKVHS05,HÌ`05,,7LU,ZWH|HL_PZ[LUTmZKLTPSSVULZKLTH`VYLZ`LS
KLLSSHZZVUVJ[VNLUHYPHZ,USHTPZTHSxULHZLLUJ\LU[YHU\LZ[YVWHxZ]LJPUVKVUKLSHZYLNPVULZ*LU[YV
`(SLU[LQVZVUSHZTmZLU]LQLJPKHZKL7VY[\NHSYLWYLZLU[HUKVLSKLSHWVISHJP}U05,05,
HÌ`05,,7,SxUKPJLKLLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHHSVZH|VZLZWHYH,ZWH|HKLS`WHYH
7VY[\NHS KLS 05,,7 :PU LTIHYNV OH` X\L KLZ[HJHY X\L \U JVU[PU\HKV LU]LQLJPTPLU[V
KLTVNYmÄJVUV[PLULWVYX\tZ\WVULY\UHHS[HJHSPKHKKL]PKHIPLULZ[HY`VTLQVYLZJ\PKHKVZVH\[V
J\PKHKVW\LZL_PZ[L\UPTWVY[HU[LWVYJLU[HQLKLWLYZVUHZX\L]P]LUZVSHZJVU\UHWLUZP}UIHQHX\LUV
W\LKLUZH[PZMHJLYZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZ`SLHWVY[LU\UUP]LSKL]PKHZVZ[LUPISLVW\LKLUZLY]xJ[PTHZKL]PV
SLUJPHZ\MYPLUKVTHS[YH[VWVYWHY[LKLWYVMLZPVUHSLZVKLZ\ZMHTPSPHYLZ`VHSSLNHKVZJ\PKHKVYLZMVYTHSLZ
LPUMVYTHSLZ(KYVOLY(KLTmZSHZ[HZHZKLZxUKYVTLZ`[YHZ[VYUVZX\LWYVK\JLUZP[\HJPVULZKL
KLWLUKLUJPHH\TLU[HUKLMVYTHJVUZPKLYHISLHWHY[PYKLSVZH|VZ
+LU[YV KL LZ[H WLYZWLJ[P]H KLTVNYmÄJH ZL HWYLJPH \UH LZ[Y\J[\YH KL SH WVISHJP}U LU KVUKL SVZ
NY\WVZKLLKHKKLLU[YLH|VZH\TLU[HUHSJHUaHUKV\U3HLZ[PTHJP}UWHYH\UM\[\YVWY}_PTV
]HPUJYLTLU[mUKVZLJVULSWHZVKLSVZH|VZLUHTIVZWHxZLZKL\UHMVYTHTmZHJLU[\HKHJVUYLZWLJ[V
HSHTLKPHKLSYLZ[VKLWHxZLZL\YVWLVZ(ILSSmU(`HSH7tYLa`7\QVS-LYUmUKLa7HYHWHY`9\xa
05,,7
,UYLSHJP}UHSYVSX\LHZ\TLSHWLYZVUHTH`VYLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKOHL_WLYPTLU[HKVNYHUKLZJHTIPVZ`
LUSVZWY}_PTVZH|VZZ\KPUmTPJHHUZLYmTH`VY`HX\LLSUTLYVKLHI\LSVZH\TLU[HYm*VTPLUaHU
OV` H ZLY KLZJ\IPLY[HZ WVY Z\Z WYV[HNVUPZ[HZ \UHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ TVKLYUHZ KL X\PLULZ ZL YLZPZ[LU H
HJLW[HYLSLZ[LYLV[PWVKLHUJPHUVZHZL_\HKVZHWm[PJVZKLQHKVZVHIHUKVUHKVZJVUMHS[HKLWYV`LJJP}U
KLM\[\YVHU[PJ\HKVZWHZP]VZZPUPU[LYLZLZWLYZVUHSLZLK\JH[P]VZZHUP[HYPVZ`VZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLZ(WHYL
JLSHÄN\YHKLSHI\LSVKLSZPNSV??0JVTV\UHWLYZVUHJVU]PKHWYVWPHPU[LYLZLZ`LQLJ\[VYKLHJ[P]PKHKLZ
JVUNYHU]HYPLKHK*HKH]LaOHIYmTmZHI\LSVZ`HI\LSHZ`TLUVZUPL[VZÙPL[HZZP[\HJP}UKLTVNYmÄJH
UPJHLUSHOPZ[VYPHKLSHO\THUPKHK/LYUmUKLa9VKYxN\La
El desarrollo humano en el trabajo gerontológico
,SKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVLZ\UWYVJLZVWVYLSX\LSHZVJPLKHKTLQVYHSHZJVUKPJPVULZKL]PKHKLSHJP\
KHKHUxH J\IYPLUKV Z\Z ULJLZPKHKLZ ImZPJHZ L PUZ[Y\TLU[HSLZ YLZWL[HUKV SVZ KLYLJOVZ O\THUVZ 5VZ
T\LZ[YH\UH]PZP}UT\S[PKPTLUZPVUHSX\LWVULHSWYVMLZPVUHSLULSJLU[YVKLZ\[YHIHQVJVTVWPSHYWHYH
JVTIH[PYSHZKLZPN\HSKHKLZKPNUPÄJHYSH]PKHKLSHZWLYZVUHZ`MVTLU[HYSHJVOLZP}U`SVZ]xUJ\SVZLU[YL
[VKVZSVZJVTWVULU[LZKLSHJVT\UPKHKLUSHX\L]P]LU=HTmZHSSmKL\UHTLKPKHX\LZLZ\Z[LU[LLU
JPMYHZLJVU}TPJHZPUNYLZVZ`WVKLYHKX\PZP[P]VZPUVX\L"ZLWYLVJ\WHWVYLSIPLULZ[HYKLSHZVJPLKHK
TH_PTPaHUKVZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}UHJ[P]HJVTIPUHUKVSVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHS\JYVZKLLK\JH
JP}ULPUNYLZVZ1HOHU
*LU[YHKVLULS[YHIHQVNLYVU[VS}NPJVZLLUJHTPUHHWV[LUJPHYLSJHWP[HSZVJPVJ\S[\YHS`LK\JH[P]VKL
SHWVISHJP}UJVULKHKTmZH]HUaHKHKLMVYTHPUKP]PK\HSMHTPSPHYNY\WHS`JVT\UP[HYPHWHYHTLQVYHYZ\
JHSPKHKKL]PKHH[YH]tZKL\UHPU[LY]LUJP}UZVJPVLK\JH[P]HZHUP[HYPHWZPJVS}NPJH`WLKHN}NPJHPU[LNYHS
(ZxZLKLZHYYVSSH\UHU\L]HJVUJLWJP}U[HU[VWHYHSHWLYZVUHNLYVU[LWVYX\LZLLUMYLU[HH\UHL[HWHKL
]PKHKPMLYLU[LJVTVWHYHLSWYVMLZPVUHSX\L[YHIHQHJVU®`WHYH®LSSVZ`X\LQ\U[VHZ\H`\KH`HWV`V
SLZMHJPSP[HYmJVTVLU]LQLJLYJVYYLJ[HTLU[LHJVYKLHSVZ[PLTWVZ60;
7HYHX\LLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZLHWVZPISLLULSJHTWVNLYVU[VS}NPJVLZULJLZHYPVJVTWYLUKLYSVX\L
ZPNUPÄJHLU]LQLJLY`SSLNHYHZLY\UHWLYZVUH]PLQH®UVZVSVWHYHZxTPZTVZZPUV[HTIPtUWHYHHX\LSSVZ
X\LLZ[mUQ\U[VHLSSVZWHYHWVKLYTLQVYHYZ\]PKH3HLK\JHJP}UKLSPUKP]PK\VSVZNY\WVZ`SHZJVT\UPKH
KLZZLYmSHIHZLLUSHX\LZLZVZ[PLUL[VKVWYVJLZV
4\|Va4VUJHKHTLUJPVUHX\LLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVK\YHU[LLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VLZ\UHYTH
T\`WVKLYVZH`X\LJVUZ[P[\`L\UNYHUJHWP[HS:LWYV`LJ[HHZx\UHVWVY[\UPKHKWHYHX\LSVZTH`VYLZ
MVY[HSLaJHU[VKVZ\WV[LUJPHS
La Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal:

Un espacio para el trabajo digno, colaborativo y transfronterizo
3H,\YVYYLNP}U.HSPJPH5VY[LKL7VY[\NHSLZ\ULZWHJPVOPZ[}YPJVLJVU}TPJVZVJPVJ\S[\YHS`SPUNxZ[PJV
KVUKLL_PZ[L\ULSL]HKVxUKPJLKLPU[LYYLSHJPVULZWHYHSHWYVTVJP}U`KLMLUZHKLPU[LYLZLZJVT\ULZ*HU
JLSHLU[YL.HSPJPH`7VY[\NHS3H]PUJ\SHJP}U[YHUZMYVU[LYPaHX\LOHZ[HLSTVTLU[VOHWYVWP
JPHKVSHJVUÄN\YHJP}UKL\ULU[VYUVWYPUJPWHSTLU[LWVSx[PJVPUZ[P[\JPVUHSHKLJ\HKVWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSV`SH
PU[LUZPÄJHJP}UKLSHJVVWLYHJP}UHZxJVTVWHYHZ\W\LZ[HLU]HSVYSSL]HLUSHHJ[\HSPKHKHSJVU]LUJPTPLU[V
JVTUHJLYJHKLSH\[PSPKHKKLLZ[LPUZ[Y\TLU[VWHYHTLQVYHYSHZJVUKPJPVULZKL]PKH`LSIPLULZ[HYKLSVZ
JP\KHKHUVZ`LULSmYLHKLSHH[LUJP}UNLYPm[YPJHMH]VYLJLYLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUV`LSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]V
KLHTIHZWVISHJPVULZ
3HTV]PSPKHK[YHUZMYVU[LYPaHHZVJPHKHHSÅ\QVKLWLYZVUHZHHTIVZSHKVZKLSHMYVU[LYHJYLH\ULZWH
JPVSPIYL®KVUKLSVZJP\KHKHUVZLZWH|VSLZ`WVY[\N\LZLZJY\aHUSHYH`HOTLKH®WVYKP]LYZVZTV[P]VZ!
,Z[\KPVZZHS\KVJPVJVTWYHZ[YHIHQV+LZKLSVZH|VZ SHPU[LNYHJP}UKLSVZSHKVZKLS4P|VKLZKLLS
W\U[VKL]PZ[HSHIVYHST\L]LHWYVMLZPVUHSLZJ\HSPÄJHKVZWLYZVUHSZHUP[HYPVLK\JH[P]VKVJLU[LZ\UP]LY
ZP[HYPVZHSWHxZ]LJPUVJVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLNLZ[PVUHYZLY]PJPVZZVJPHSLZJ\S[\YHSLZLK\JH[P]VZ`ZHUP[HYPVZ
KLZKL\U[YHIHQVLUYLKOHJPHSVZILULÄJPVZT\[\VZ:LJVUÄN\YHYxHJVTV\ULZWHJPVWYVMLZPVUHSKLSPKL
YHaNVOVYPaVU[HSX\LH`\KHHWSHUPÄJHYLZ[\KPVZWSHULZWYVNYHTHZ`WYV`LJ[VZWHYHWYVTVJPVUHYLSKLZH
YYVSSVO\THUV`LSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VJVTVVWVY[\UPKHKWHYHJYLHYZVJPLKHKLZZVZ[LUPISLZWHYH[VKHZ
SHZLKHKLZVZLHOHJPLUKVU\LZ[YHSHTm_PTHKLSHIV Conferencia sobre Envejecimiento: “Una sociedad
sostenible para todas las edades. Entendiendo el potencial de vivir más”3HÄUHSPKHKZLYmWYVTV]LYLS
LU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VZHUV`KPNUVJVTIH[PLUKVLSLKHKPZTV+LJSHYHJP}U4PUPZ[LYPHSKL3PZIVH.
Conclusiones
+L MVYTH JSHYH ` WYLJPZH OLTVZ YLHSPaHKV \UH HWYV_PTHJP}U HS IPUVTPV LU[YL KLZHYYVSSV O\THUV `
LU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VJVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLKLTVZ[YHYSHPTWVY[HUJPHX\L[PLULLSJVU[HYJVUSVZJVUVJPTPLU
[VZULJLZHYPVZWHYH]P]PY\UH]LQLaZHS\KHISL`HJ[P]HX\LUVZWLYTP[HHWVY[HYSLZHSVZH|VZJHSPKHKKL]PKH
3SLNHKVZHLZ[LW\U[VHTVKVKLJVUJS\ZPVULZYLHSPaHTVZ\UIYL]LYLZ\TLUX\LYLJVNLSHPUMVYTH
JP}UTmZYLSL]HU[LX\LOLTVZYLÅLQHKVLUSHZSxULHZHU[LYPVYLZ
,SJVUJLW[VKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]V]HTmZHSSmKLSVTLYHTLU[LJSxUPJV`MxZPJVH[YH]LZHUKVZ\Z
MYVU[LYHZLPU]VS\JYHUKVmTIP[VZKLPN\HSPTWVY[HUJPHJVTVZVULSLK\JHJPVUHSLSJ\S[\YHSVLSZVJPHSHZx
JVTVSHYLSHJP}ULU[YL[VKVZLSSVZ(KLTmZWVULZVIYLSHWHSLZ[YHLSWHWLSX\LLSZ\QL[VKLILHMYVU[HYH
SHOVYHKLYLJPIPY\UHMVYTHJP}UX\LSLWLYTP[HJVUVJLYSHZ[tJUPJHZLPUZ[Y\TLU[VZULJLZHYPVZWHYHSVNYHY
HWYLUKLYHLU]LQLJLYHJ[P]HTLU[L,Z[VZ\WVULX\LLSYVSKLWLYZVUHTH`VYHZL_\HSPUHJ[P]HPUKLMLUZHL
PU[PSX\LOHZ[HHOVYHZLTVZ[YHIHZL]LH[YHUZMVYTHKVHSWVSVJVU[YHYPVHS]PZ\HSPaHYHLZ[LJVSLJ[P]VJVTV
Z\QL[VZHJ[P]VZ`WHY[PJPWH[P]VZLUSHZVJPLKHKQ\U[VHSVZKLTmZNY\WVZWVISHJPVUHSLZ
7HYHSVNYHYX\LLSTVKLSVKLKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZPNHWVUPLUKVLZWLJPHSPU[LYtZLUYLÅLQHYSHL_PZ[LUJPH
KLWVKLYLU]LQLJLYHJ[P]HTLU[LLZKLLZWLJPHSPU[LYtZLSWHWLSX\LSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ]PUJ\SHKVZHST\UKV
NLYVU[VS}NPJVQ\LNHU`HX\LZVUSVZLUJHYNHKVZKL[YHUZTP[PYSVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZLZWLJPHSPaHKVZ`LZWL
JxÄJVZULJLZHYPVZWHYHX\LWVY\UHWHY[L[VKVZ\QL[VVNY\WVZLHJHWHaKL]P]PY\UH]LQLaHJ[P]HKVUKL

,SYxV4P|VLZSHMYVU[LYHUH[\YHSLU[YL.HSPJPH`LS5VY[LKL7VY[\NHS

9L]PZ[H,USHJLU¢+LJSHYHJP}U4PUPZ[LYPHSKL3PZIVHWW9LJ\WLYHKVKLKWWSZZZLPVHUVR
es/InterPresent2/groups/imserso/documents/binario/enl32informe.pdf
UVZLKLQLHYYHZ[YHYWVYSVZLZ[LYLV[PWVZ`MHSZHZPTmNLULZX\LH]LJLZZLHZVJPHUHLZ[HL[HWH]P[HS`WVY
V[YHX\LSHZVJPLKHKLUZ\JVUQ\U[VZLHJVUZJPLU[LKLX\LSH]LQLaLZ\UHL[HWHUH[\YHSKLSPUKP]PK\VX\L
KLILZLY]P]PKHKLMVYTHT\`KPMLYLU[LHSH]PZP}U[YHKPJPVUHS
-PUHSTLU[LLZ[VZJVUVJPTPLU[VZZVIYLJ}TV]P]PY\ULU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VKLILUZ\WVULY\UWYPTLY
LZJHS}UWHYHM\[\YHZNLULYHJPVULZWHYHX\L]LHU`X\PLYHUSSLNHYHLZ[HL[HWHKLSH]PKH`HX\LJVU]P]PYmU
LUJVTWHYHJP}UHSHHJ[\HSPKHKJVU\UTH`VYUTLYVKLNLYVU[LZX\LX\PLYHUJVU[PU\HYJVUZ\ZLZ[PSVZ
KL]PKHÙVZL]LHUMYLUHKVZWVYSHLKHK
3H ,\YVYYLNP}U .HSPJPH5VY[L KL 7VY[\NHS LZ \U LZWHJPV WHYH SH WYVTVJP}U ` KLMLUZH KL PU[LYLZLZ
JVT\ULZLU[YLWHxZLZ3HIVYHSTLU[LMHJPSP[H\USPKLYHaNVOVYPaVU[HS`LS[YHIHQVLUYLKOHJPHLSSVNYVKL
ILULÄJPVZT\[\VZLUmYLHZ`ZLY]PJPVZZVJPHSLZJ\S[\YHSLZLK\JH[P]VZ`ZHUP[HYPVZ+LZKLLSZHILYNLYVU
[VS}NPJVLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUV`LSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VZVUSHVWVY[\UPKHKWHYHJYLHYZVJPLKHKLZZVZ[LUP
ISLZWHYH[VKHZSHZLKHKLZWYVTV]PLUKVLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VZHUV`KPNUV
(ILSSmU("(`HSH("7tYLa1 7\QVS9<UWLYÄSKLSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZLU,ZWH|H
0UKPJHKVYLZLZ[HKxZ[Pcos básicos4HKYPK0UMVYTLZ,U]LQLJPTPLU[VLU9LK
(KYVOLY)PVZJH:*VVYKMayores y Familia4HKYPK!<UP]LYZPKHK7VU[PÄJPH*VTPSSHZ`4PUPZ[LYPV
KL;YHIHQV`(Z\U[VZ:VJPHSLZ04:,9:6
(TVY7HU19)PVt[PJH`+LWLUKLUJPH*HWx[\SV=0WW (*VY\|H!6IYH:VJPHS*HP_H
.HSPJPH
)HPamU7;YHUZP[PVU[V(K\S[OVVKPU:WHPU®,U4*VYPQU ,2SPQaPUN,KZTransitions to Adul-
thood in EuropeWW 3VUKVU2S\^LY(JHKLTPJ7\ISPZOLYZ
*HUJLSH6\[LKH*3H,\YVYYLNP}U.HSPJPH5VY[LKL7VY[\NHS!<ULZJLUHYPVKLJVVWLYHJP}U
[LYYP[VYPHSRazón y Palabra
+LSNHKV 4 3H MLJ\UKPKHK LU ,ZWH|H H ÄULZ KLS ZPNSV ?? Sistema. Revista. Ciencia Sociales
¶
-LYUmUKLa)HSSLZ[LYVZ9Envejecer bien: qué es y cómo lograrlo =VS4HKYPK!,KPJPVULZ7PYm
mide.
-LYUmUKLa13"7HYHWHY* 9\xa4El envejecimiento de la población,U]LQLJPTPLU[V!SxULH
LZ[YH[tNPJH KL SH -\UKHJP}U .LULYHS KLS *:0* Revista Lychnos B;L_[V VUSPULD 9LJ\WLYHKV KL!
O[[W!^^^MNJZPJLZS`JOUVZLZFLZHY[PJ\SVZLU]LQLJPTPLU[VFWVISHJPVU
/LYUmUKLa9VKYxN\La.(WVY[HJP}UKLSVZTH`VYLZLUSHMHTPSPH,U*HYP[HZMayores Solidarios
WW 4HKYPK!*mYP[HZ,ZWH|VSH
04:,9:6Libro Blanco del Envejecimiento Activo4HKYPK!4PUPZ[LYPVKL:HUPKHK7VSx[PJH:VJPHSL
0N\HSKHK:LJYL[HYxH.LULYHSKL7VSx[PJH:VJPHS`*VUZ\TVL0UZ[P[\[VKL4H`VYLZ`:LY]PJPVZ:VJPHSLZ
04:,9:6
0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[H[xZ[PJH05,*LUZVZ9LZ\S[HKVZ+LÄUP[P]VZ3PZIVH!05,
0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL ,Z[HKxZ[PJH 05, H 4V]PTPLU[V 5H[\YHS KL SH 7VISHJP}U 9LZ\S[HKVZ KLÄUP[P
]VZ 9LJ\WLYHKV KL! O[[W!^^^PULLZKÙNZ05,IHZLLZVWLYHJPVUO[T&J$,Z[HKPZ[PJHF*
JPK$ TLU\$YLZ\S[HKVZ ZLJJ$ PKW$
0UZ[P[\[V 5HJPVUHS KL ,Z[HKxZ[PJH 05, I ,Z[HKxZ[PJH KLS 7HKY}U *VU[PU\V H KL LULYV KLS
9LJ\WLYHKV KL! O[[W!^^^PULLZKÙNZ05,IHZLLZVWLYHJPVUO[T&J$,Z[HKPZ[PJHF* JPK$
TLU\$YLZ\S[HKVZ PKW$
0UZ[P[\[V5HJPVUHSKL,Z[HKxZ[PJH,ZWH|VS 7VY[\N\tZ05,,7Península Ibérica en cifras3PZIVH!
(\[VYLZ
1HOHU : +PY Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano +LZHYYVSSV O\THUV WHYH [VKVZ 5\L]H @VYR!
7YVNYHTHKLSHZ5HJPVULZ<UPKHZWHYHLS+LZHYYVSSV75<+).
2HPS9=Desarrollo humano: una perspectiva del ciclo vital4HKYPK!,KPJPVULZ7HYHUPUMV
4HY[xULa 4 H|VZ KL ,U]LQLJPTPLU[V (J[P]V \UH ]PZP}U VW[PTPZ[H KL SH ]LQLa® Apuntes de
Demografía. CSIC(WK+B;L_[VVUSPULD*VUZ\S[HKVLSKLHIYPSKL
4\|Va4VUJHKH5,Educación para el trabajo y el desarrollo humano: Una lectura desde la
formación)PSK\UN*VSVTIPH!<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU)\LUH]LU[\YH-HJ\S[HKKL,K\JHJP}U4LKLSSxU
6YNHUPaHJP}U0U[LYUHJPVUHSKLS;YHIHQV60; Informe sobre el Trabajo en el Mundo,SKLZHYYVSSVH
[YH]tZKLSLTWSLV:\PaH"(\[VY
6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K64:,U]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]V!<UTHYJVWVSx[PJVRevista Españo-
la de Geriatría y Gerontología37
AHTHYY}U4+,U]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VInfocop34
Laura Rodríguez Rodríguez
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Manteniendo el
SH\YHYYFIYPVU'OV[THPSJVT
Desarrollo Humano en
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H la Vejez. La Atención
Gerontológica Centrada
en la Persona (AGCP):
¿Un Modelo
de Trabajo Digno?
Introducción
:HILTVZX\LSHZWLYZVUHZKLZKLLSTPZTVTVTLU[V
KLS UHJPTPLU[V PUPJPHTVZ LS WYVJLZV KL LU]LQLJPTPLU[V
;VKVZLU]LQLJLTVZHSVSHYNVKLSJPJSV]P[HSKmUKVSLKPZ
[PU[HZ JVUZPKLYHJPVULZ H SH ]LQLa H TLKPKH X\L [YHUZP[H
TVZWVYtS+LIPKVHSH\TLU[VKLSHLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHZL
JVUZPN\P} ]P]PY TmZ H|VZ IPLULZ[HY ` [HTIPtU X\L JHKH
]LaZLHUTmZSHZWLYZVUHZX\LSVNYHUHSJHUaHY\UHLKHK
H]HUaHKH+LLZ[LTVKVLZKL[LYTPUHU[LOHJLYTLUJP}U
H SVZ KPZ[PU[VZ ZLY]PJPVZ X\L WLYTP[HU LU]LQLJLY ` YLJPIPY
J\PKHKVZ ZPLTWYL YLZWL[HUKV SH KPNUPKHK SH WYLZLY]H
JP}U KL KLYLJOVZ ` KLILYLZ ` ZVIYL [VKV H\TLU[HUKV
SH JHSPKHK KL ]PKH [HU[V MxZPJH JVTV TLU[HS ` LTVJPVUHS
KLSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZ,ULZ[LTLKPVX\L\ULKLZH
YYVSSV O\THUV Z\Z[LU[HISL WHYH SH JHSPKHK KL ]PKH ]LQLa
` WYVJLZV KL LU]LQLJPTPLU[V WYLZLU[HTVZ SH ([LUJP}U
.LYVU[VS}NPJH *LU[YHKH LU SH 7LYZVUH (.*7 JVTV \U
TVKLSVX\LKHJ\LYWVHSHt[PJHKLSJ\PKHKV®HSLTWV
KLYHTPLU[VKLSVZTH`VYLZ`KLZLVKLZHILYZPW\LKLZLY
YLJVUVJPKHSH(.*7JVTV\UTVKLSVKL[YHIHQVKPNUV
3H LZ[Y\J[\YH KL JVU[LUPKV KL LZ[H HWVY[HJP}U ZL
KP]PKL LU ]HYPVZ HWHY[HKVZ! 3H PU[YVK\JJP}U H U\LZ[YH
WYVW\LZ[H KL HJJP}U [tJUPJH [YLZ NYHUKLZ LQLZ [LTm
[PJVZ KLZNSVZHKVZ KLK\J[P]HTLU[L ,Z[VZ ZVU! *}TV
LZ LS KLZHYYVSSV O\THUV LU SH ]LQLa X\t JHYHJ[LYPaHJP}U
WVKLTVZ OHJLY KL SH (.*7 ` J}TV YLZWVUKLTVZ H SH
WYLN\U[HKLZPSH(.*7LZ\UTVKLSVKL[YHIHQVKPNUV
@ÄUHSTLU[LSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZ`YLMLYLUJPHZIPISPVNYmÄJHZ
El desarrollo humano también en la vejez
,SVYPNLUKLSJVUJLW[VKLKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZL\IPJH
LUSHKtJHKHKLS J\HUKVLSWYPTLY0UMVYTLKLS+LZH
YYVSSV /\THUV LSHIVYHKV WVY LS 7YVNYHTH KL 5HJPVULZ
<UPKHWHYHLS+LZHYYVSSV75<+]LxHSHS\aWHYHJVUÄN\YHY
LSIPLULZ[HYO\THUVLU[VKVZSVZHZWLJ[VZKLSH]PKH,S
TVKLSV KL +LZHYYVSSV /\THUV ZL JLU[YHYm LU [VKHZ SHZ
KPTLUZPVULZWYPVYPKHKLZULJLZPKHKLZ`ÄULZLUJHTPUH

KVZHS\JOHYWVY\UH]PKHTLQVYSHYNH`ZHUHX\LLSL]LLSUP]LSKLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLHJJLZVHIPLULZ`
ZLY]PJPVZ`H\TLU[LSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLWVZLLY\ULTWSLVLPUNYLZVZHKLJ\HKVZWHYHX\LU\LZ[YVUP]LSKL
]PKHZLHKLJLU[L
3HZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZHJ[\HSLZKLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVX\LLZ[HISLJLU4VSLPYV"6[LYV`5PL]LZZVU!
H*LU[YHYZLLUSHTLQVYHKLSH]PKH`LSIPLULZ[HYLZKLJPYLUJVTV]HSVYHTVZSH]PKH
I=PUJ\SHKVHSMVY[HSLJPTPLU[VKLSHZJHWHJPKHKLZKLSHZWLYZVUHZ
J)\ZJHYSHSPILY[HKWHYHWVKLY]P]PYJVTVUVZN\Z[HYxH
K.LULYHSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLX\L[VKVZSVZPUKP]PK\VZZLHUZ\QL[VZWYV[HNVUPZ[HZÌLULÄJPHYPVZKLZ\
KLZHYYVSSVHNLU[LZKLJHTIPV
:LKLILJVTWYLUKLYLSKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVJVTV\ULTWVKLYHTPLU[VKLSHWVISHJP}UWVYX\LLZ[m
LUMVJHKVOHJPHSHZWLYZVUHZ`Z\IPLULZ[HY
3HWYVISLTm[PJHLK\JH[P]HKLSTVKLSVKLKLZHYYVSSVZLJLU[YHLULSWHWLSHJ[P]VKLSZ\QL[VX\LHWYLUKL
HH\[VKLZHYYVSSHYZL`KLZHYYVSSHYZLLULSTHYJVKLSJPJSV]P[HS,Z\U]xUJ\SVKPHStJ[PJVLU[YLKLZHYYVSSV`
HWYLUKPaHQLJVUÄN\YHUKVWYVJLZVZLK\JH[P]VZMVYTHSLZUVMVYTHSLZLPUMVYTHSLZWHYHSH]PKHWLKHNVNxH
KLSZLY`KLSLZ[HY(ZxZLKLÄULHWYLUKLYJVTV\UWYVJLZVWLYTHULU[LKL[YHUZMVYTHJP}UPUKP]PK\HS`
NY\WHSHJ[P]VLUJVUZ[Y\JJP}U`YLJVUZ[Y\JJP}UJVU[PU\HKLJVUVJPTPLU[VZOHIPSPKHKLZ`KLZ[YLaHZ\U
LZWHJPVKLKLZJ\IYPTPLU[VZWLYZVUHSLZLTVJPVUHSLZZVJPHSLZJ\S[\YHSLZ`ZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ
3VZHWYLUKPaHQLZWHYHSH]PKHLUTHYJHKVZKLU[YVKLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSZ\QL[VX\LHWYLUKLZVUSVZZPN\PLU[LZ!
,Z[PT\SHYLSHWYLUKLYH]P]PYJVUZPNVTPZTVHHMYVU[HYSH]PKHKLZKLLSH\[VJ\PKHKV`LSJ\PKHKV
WHYHTLQVYHYSHH\[VLZ[PTHSH]VS\U[HKLSLNPY]HSVYLZ`LSHIVYHY\UWYV`LJ[VKL]PKH
(WYLUKLYHZVJPHSPaHYZLJVTVTPLTIYVHJ[P]V`WHY[PJPWHU[LKLSHZVJPLKHKKLZKLSHJVT\UPJHJP}U"
JVU]P]LUJPH`JVVWLYHJP}UJVUSVZV[YVZ
(WYLUKLYHLSLNPYLZ[PTHYKPZMY\[HY`JYLHYSVZ]HSVYLZWVZP[P]VZKLSH]PKHILSSLaHHTVYIVUKHK
]LYKHKQ\Z[PJPHKPNUPKHKMLSPJPKHKHWLUZHYZLU[PY`HJ[\HYLX\PSPIYHKHTLU[LHLUMYLU[HYZLWVZP[P
]HTLU[LHSHZZP[\HJPVULZKLSH]PKH`HZLHUSVNYVZMY\Z[YHJPVULZVMYHJHZVZ
3HUVJP}UKLKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVW\LKLZLY]PYJVTVW\LY[HKLLU[YHKHL_JLWJPVUHSWHYHYL]PZHYU\LZ
[YH HJJP}U LK\JH[P]H LU LS UP]LS \UP]LYZP[HYPV ZLUPVY .VUamSLa ` KL SH -\LU[L WVYX\L KLZKL SVZ
7YVNYHTHZ <UP]LYZP[HYPVZ WHYH 7LYZVUHZ 4H`VYLZ 7<4Z LZ PTWVY[HU[L LK\JHY LU SH YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK `
YLZWL[VKLSH\[VJ\PKHKV`J\PKHKVNLZ[HUKV\UU\L]VJVUJLW[VKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VL_P[VZVIHZHKVLU
SHIZX\LKHKLSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHÌPLULZ[HYMxZPJVZVJPHSLTVJPVUHS`TLU[HSKLSVZTH`VYLZLZKLJPY
KLZKLSHL]VS\JP}UJYLJPTPLU[V`KLZHYYVSSVX\LSHL_WLYPLUJPH]P[HSSLZMHJPSP[L
*VUJLW[VWYPUJPWPVZ`KLYLJOVZKLSH([LUJP}U.LYVU[VS}NPJH*LU[YHKHLUSH7LYZVUH(.*7
*\HUKVOHISHTVZKLSHt[PJHKLSJ\PKHKV®ZHILTVZX\LLZULJLZHYPHWHYH]P]PYJVU]P]PYZH[PZMHJLY
ULJLZPKHKLZJVUZ[Y\PYWYV`LJ[VZKL]PKHÌPLULZ[HYPUKP]PK\HS`WYV`LJ[VZJVT\UP[HYPVZ`JP\KHKHUVZLU
[VYUVHSIPLUJVTUSHPN\HSKHK`SHZVSPKHYPKHK:\JHTWVKLHJJP}UZLJLU[YH[HU[VLULST\UKVxU[PTV
`WYP]HKVJVTVLULSWISPJVJVUÄN\YHUKVPUKPJHKVYLZX\LWLYTP[LU]HSVYHYSHMVYTHLUX\LSHZWLYZV
UHZW\LKLU[VTHYZ\ZWYVWPHZKLJPZPVULZ`JVTV \UHZVJPLKHKHIVYKHLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHKPNUPKHK
O\THUHNHYHU[LKLSH\UP}ULU[YLKLYLJOVZ`KLILYLZHZxJVTVPU]LY[PYZVJPHSTLU[LLU[LYTVZKLJVZ[LZ
`LMLJ[P]PKHK
*HTWZ YLJVNLSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLSHt[PJHKLSJ\PKHKVIHQVSVZW\U[VZZPN\PLU[LZ!
,Z\UHt[PJHYLSHJPVUHSKVUKLSVYLSL]HU[LLZLS]xUJ\SVJVUSHZWLYZVUHZ
5VZLSPTP[HZVSVHJ\TWSPYSHSL`ZPUVX\LSLPU[LYLZH\UHHWSPJHJP}UZP[\HJPVUHS
*VUZPKLYHX\LSHYHJPVUHSPKHKKLILTLaJSHYZLJVUSHLTV[P]PKHK
,SJLU[YVLZ[mLUSHPTWSPJHJP}UJVTWYVTPZVKPYLJ[V`WLYZVUHSJVUSVZKLTmZ
(|HKL\ULUMVX\LWHY[PJ\SHYPaHKVJVU\UH]PZP}UKLSZLYO\THUVJVTVPUKP]PK\VH\[}UVTV`SPIYL
JVUULJLZPKHKLZ`JHWHJPKHKLZLZWLJxÄJHZ<U@V®X\L]HHZVJPHKVJVUSVZV[YVZPN\HSKHKMVYTHS
`YLJPWYVJPKHKJVTWSLTLU[HYPH
)\ZJHZ\WLYHYSHIYLJOHLU[YLSVWISPJV`SVWYP]HKV
3HJSH]LZLHZPLU[HLUSHYLJVUZ[Y\JJP}UKL\UZ\QL[VHYYHPNHKVLU\UJVU[L_[VZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLK\JH[P]V
`WVSx[PJVJVU\UHOPZ[VYPHWLYZVUHSJVUPKLU[PKHKQ\U[VHSHL_WLYPLUJPHHMLJ[P]VLTVJPVUHSJVUJYL[H3H
PU[LNYHJP}UKLLZ[VZLSLTLU[VZYLX\PLYLX\LZLKLZHYYVSSLJVU\ULUMVX\LNSVIHS`SVJHSNSVJHSHSH]La
X\LKPHJY}UPJVHU[LSHZULJLZPKHKLZX\LL_PNLUZLYL]HS\HKHZJVU[PU\HTLU[LWVYSVZJHTIPVZX\L]HU
Z\YNPLUKVHSVSHYNVKLSLZWHJPV`[PLTWVLZKLJPYHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHKLSZLYO\THUV
3HWYPVYPKHKYLZPKLLULSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLJHKHWLYZVHJVTV\UZLYZPUN\SHY`]HSPVZVMH]VYLJPLUKV
SHH\[VUVTxHKLSHZWLYZVHZTH`VYLZ`SHPU[LYKLWLUKLUJPHKLLZ[HZJVUZ\LU[VYUVZVJPHSZPUVS]PKHYSH
WVZPIPSPKHKKL\UHWV`VLUSHJVVWLYHJP}UJ\PKHKVZHX\LJVUÄN\YHYxH\UHJP\KHKHUxHNSVJHS
3H(.*7LZ\UTVKLSVHUJSHKVLUSHWLYZVUHSPaHJP}ULPU[LNYPKHKKLSHH[LUJP}ULU[LUKPLUKVX\L
JHKHPUKP]PK\VZLJVUZ[Y\`LJVTVWLYZVUHLUWYVJLZVZKLHWLY[\YH`JVT\UPJHJP}UJVUSVZKLTmZ,Z
HNLU[LJLU[YHS`HJ[P]VKLZ\]PKH,SVIQL[P]VJVUZPZ[LLULTWVKLYHYHSHWLYZVUHKLZKLSHYLSHJP}UZVJPHS
WHYHX\LLSSHTPZTHW\LKHZLN\PYNLZ[PVUHUKVZ\KL]LUPY]P[HS`[VTHUKVKLJPZPVULZX\LHMLJ[HUHSKLZH
YYVSSV]P[HS
7HYH\UP]LYZHSPaHYX\LKLILTVZLU[LUKLYWVY(.*7LZWYLJPZV[VTHYJVTVW\U[VKLWHY[PKHSHKPNUP
KHKKLSHWLYZVUH\UH[YPI\[VPU[YxUZLJVH[VKVZLUJHKH\UHKLSHZL[HWHZ]P[HSLZJVTVLQLM\UKHTLU[HS
KLSTVKLSV3HWYLZLY]HTVZLULSYLZWL[VHIZVS\[VWVYSHPU[PTPKHKJYLLUJPHZPKLU[PKHKLPTHNLULSKLYL
JOVHKLZHYYVSSHYZ\WYV`LJ[VKL]PKHL[J9LZWL[HTVZSHKPNUPKHKIHQVSHWYLTPZHKLX\L[VKVZZVTVZ
PN\HSLZLUKLYLJOVZ`KLILYLZHZxJVTVTLYLJLKVYLZKL\UI\LU[YH[V
,S TVKLSV KL SH (.*7 ZL M\UKHTLU[H LU \UH ZLYPL KL WYPUJPWPVZ ` KLYLJOVZ Q\U[V H \UVZ JYP[LYPVZ
TL[VKVS}NPJVZX\LOHJLUWVZPISLZ\J\TWSPTPLU[V,Z[VZZVU!
H7YPUJPWPVKLH\[VUVTxHIHQVSVZJYP[LYPVZKLKP]LYZPKHK`LTWVKLYHTPLU[V
I7YPUJPWPVKLPUKP]PK\HSPKHKHZVJPHKVHSVZJYP[LYPVZKLWLYZVUHSPaHJP}U`ÅL_PIPSPKHK
J7YPUJPWPVKLPU[LNYHSPKHK`JYP[LYPVKLNSVIHSPKHK
K7YPUJPWPVKLPUKLWLUKLUJPH`JYP[LYPVZKLWYL]LUJP}UL]PZPIPSPaHJP}UKLJHWHJPKHKLZ
L7YPUJPWPVKLWHY[PJPWHJP}UHZLU[HKVLUSVZJYP[LYPVZKLHJJLZPIPSPKHKLPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYPLKHK
M7YPUJPWPVKLPUJS\ZP}UZVJPHS\UPKVHSJYP[LYPVKLWYV_PTPKHKIHQV\ULUMVX\LJVT\UP[HYPV
N7YPUJPWPVKLJVU[PU\PKHKKLSHH[LUJP}UJVUJYP[LYPVZKLJVVYKPUHJP}ULJVU]LYNLUJPH
5V L_PZ[L \UH KLÄUPJP}U UPJH ` JVUZLUZ\HKH KL SH (.*7 KLIPKV H SH KP]LYZPKHK ` LS HSJHUJL X\L
HIHYJHLSJVUJLW[V/H`TS[PWSLZHJLYJHTPLU[VZHS[tYTPUVLUM\UJP}UKLSHWHYJLSHKLSHYLHSPKHKLUSH
X\LZLHWSPJH0UJS\ZVKLU[YVKL\UTPZTVLZWHJPV[tJUPJVWYVMLZPVUHSSVZ[tYTPUVZLTWSLHKVZHKX\PLYLU
KPMLYLU[LZTH[PJLZ
4HY[xULa9VKYxN\LaW WYVWVULX\LSH(.*7LZ¸\ULUMVX\LKVUKLSHWLYZVUHKLZKLZ\
H\[VKL[LYTPUHJP}ULUSHIZX\LKHKLSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHLZLSLQLJLU[YHSKLSHZPU[LY]LUJPVULZWYVWPHZ`
WYVMLZPVUHSLZ¹
3H(.*7LZ\UHWYVW\LZ[HLULSSVNYVKLSIPLULZ[HYKLSNLYVU[LKLZKLSHH[LUJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS`JVU
V[YVZHNLU[LZMHTPSPHHTPNVZ"\UTVKLSVX\LWLYTP[LNHUHYLUJHSPKHKKL]PKHHSHZWLYZVUHZX\L
ULJLZP[HUH`\KHZ`HWV`VZWLYV[HTIPtULUSHX\LSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZLJVTWYVTL[LUKxHHKxHJVU\UH
I\LUHWYH_PZ[tJUPJH
,STVKLSVKL(.*7JVUZPZ[LLULSKLZHYYVSSVKLKP]LYZHZTLKPKHZLULSLU[VYUVMxZPJVZVJPHS`VYNH
UPaH[P]VJVULSÄUKLWYVTV]LYSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHKLSHZWLYZVUHZX\LWYLJPZHUJ\PKHKVZ3HWLYZVUHLZ
WYV[HNVUPZ[HHJ[P]H`LSLU[VYUV`SHVYNHUPaHJP}UZLJVU]PLY[LULUHWV`VZWHYHKLZHYYVSSHYSVZWYV`LJ[VZ
KL]PKH`HZLN\YHYLSIPLULZ[HYKLSHZWLYZVUHZ
3HWYVTVJP}UKLSHH\[VUVTxHKLSH]PKHJV[PKPHUHLZLSWYPUJPWHSJVTWVULU[LKLSTVKLSVKLSH(.*7
:\VIQL[P]VWHY[LKLSYLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHWLYZVUHTH`VYJVTVZLYUPJVNSVIHS`JVUKLYLJOVH[VTHY
KLJPZPVULZZVIYLZ\H[LUJP}U"JVUPUKLWLUKLUJPHKLSNYHKVKLKL[LYPVYVÙP]LSKLHWV`VZX\LWYLJPZL
,SJVUJLW[VKLdignidad LZ[mIHZHKVLULS¸YLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHWLYZVUHJVTV]HSPVZHLUZPTPZTH
WVYLSTLYVOLJOVKLZ\JVUKPJP}UO\THUH¹4HY[xULa9VKYxN\LaW;VKHWLYZVUHPUKLWLU
KPLU[LTLU[LKLZ\ZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZPUKP]PK\HSLZZP[\HJP}ULJVU}TPJHZVJPHS`J\S[\YHSHZxJVTVKLZ\Z
JYLLUJPHZVMVYTHZKLWLUZHYLZWVY[HU[VTLYLJLKVYHKLYLZWL[V
3H(.*7!¦<UTVKLSVKL[YHIHQVKPNUV&
(SYLKLKVYKLSH(.*74HY[xULa9VKYxN\LaLZ[HISLJL\UHKPMLYLUJPHJP}UKL[YLZ[PWVZKLHJLW
JPVULZX\LZ\I`HJLUHSHZKP]LYZHZHWYV_PTHJPVULZJVUJLW[\HSLZ`KLÄUPJPVULZX\LM\LYVUWYVW\LZ[HZLU
J\HU[VHSVZZLY]PJPVZNLYVU[VS}NPJVZ!SH(.*7JVTVLUMVX\LTVKLSVKLH[LUJP}U`JVTVPU[LY]LUJPVULZ
VTL[VKVSVNxHZHÄULZ:LKLZJYPILUJVTV!((.*7JVTVLUMVX\LKLH[LUJP}ULZKLJPY\UHÄSVZVMxH
KLSHH[LUJP}U!+PNUPKHKZPUN\SHYPKHK`YLZWL[VHZ\ZKLJPZPVULZ`HZ\TVKVKL]PKH"((.*7JVTV
TVKLSVKLH[LUJP}UJVUWS\YHSPKHKKLKPTLUZPVULZ!([LUJP}UWLYZVUHSPaHKHHSTH`VYKLU[YVKLSHYLSHJP}U
X\LTHU[PLULJVUZ\LU[VYUVKLJ\PKHKV`H[LUJPVULZ`((.*7JVTVPU[LY]LUJPVULZ`TL[VKVSVNxHZ
HÄULZ!)\LUHZWYmJ[PJHZVYPLU[HKHZHSVZJHTIPVZKLZHYYVSSHKVZLUSVZHSVQHTPLU[VZWHYHTHPVYLZI\Z
JHUKVSHÅL_PIPSPKHKWHYHHQ\Z[HYZLHSHZY\[PUHZ"HSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZLZWVU[mULHZUVWYVNYHTHKHZOHJPHLS
NVJLWLYZVUHS`ZVJPHS+LZKLSHWYVMLZPVUHSPaHJP}UKLSZHILYOHJLY®KLSVZJ\PKHKVYLZLZKL[LYTPUHU[L
X\LZL]PUJ\SLUHMLJ[P]H`LTVJPVUHSTLU[LJVUSVZ\Z\HYPVZWLYVKVUKLSHPTWSPJHJP}UWLYZVUHSZLTHU
[LUNHLU\UVZSxTP[LZt[PJVZZPUJVTWYVTL[LYSHHJJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLULSLQLYJPJPVKLSHLTWH[xH
*VTVYLJVUVJLU=PSSHY`:LYYH[SH(.*7ZLHÄHUaHJVTV\UHH[LUJP}U}W[PTHWHYHSVZTH`V
YLZ`HLZ[tUPUZ[P[\JPVUHSPaHKVZLZWLJPHSPZ[HZLUNLYVJ\S[\YHNLYPH[YxH`NLYVU[VSVNxHHZxJVTVJ\HSX\PLY
V[YVWYVMLZPVUHSX\L[LUNHJVUVJPTPLU[VZLULZ[VZmTIP[VZVUVJ\PKHKVYLZPUMVYTHSLZMHTPSPHYLZZLY]P
JPVZKLH`\KHHKVTPJPSPVL[J
9LJVUVJPLUKV LS ]HSVY X\L SHZ HWVY[HJPVULZ KL 4HY[xULa 9VKYxN\La H ` I" ` 9VKYxN\La
9VKYxN\LaÒHJLUHSH(.*7[HTIPtULZJPLY[VX\LLULS]VJHI\SHYPVJPLU[xÄJV[tJUPJV
HTIHZ LTWSLHU PUKPZ[PU[HTLU[L SVZ [tYTPUVZ KL TVKLSV WHYHKPNTH Tt[VKV TL[VKVSVNxH ` LUMVX\L
+LU[YVKLSHKLÄUPJP}U`YLSHJP}U[LYTPUVS}NPJHKLKPJOVZ]VJHISVZOH`X\LOHJLYWYLJPZPVULZHKHW[HKHZ
HS ZHILY JPLU[xÄJV ;LUPLUKV LU J\LU[H LZ[H ULJLZPKHK WHYH UV PUJ\YYPY LU \U KLZHQ\Z[L [LYTPUVS}NPJV `
JPLU[xÄJVWYVJLKLTVZHPUKPJHYSHZKLÄUPJPVULZTmZHQ\Z[HKHZWHYHSHZPU[LUJPVULZKLU\LZ[YHHWVY[HJP}U
KLU[YVKLSH(.*7
7HYHKPNTH!*VZTV]PZP}UKLST\UKV4VKVKLJVUJLIPYSHYLHSPKHK:L[YH[HKL\ULZX\LTH[L}YPJV
¾
\UH]xHKLWLYJLWJP}U`JVTWYLUZP}UKLST\UKVX\LZLHKVW[HKLZKLKPZ[PU[VZTVKLSVZJPLU[x
ÄJVZ<UWHYHKPNTHLZ[HISLJLSxTP[LZÙVYTHZKLU[YVKLSVZWYVJLZVZZVJPHSLZX\LHZ\TLUSHZ
JVT\UPKHKLZJPLU[xÄJHZ
¾;LVYxH!,Z\UZPZ[LTHJVUJLW[\HSWHYHMHJPSP[HYSHPU[LYWYL[HJP}U`L_WSPJHJP}UKLSHYLHSPKHK
,UMVX\L!([PLUKLHSVZKPMLYLU[LZW\U[VZKL]PZ[HX\LZ\Z[LU[HUSHYLHSPKHK`VWLYHUJVTVTHYJV
¾
[L}YPJVJVUJLW[\HSLULSX\LHZLU[HYZL3VZLUMVX\LZTL[VKVS}NPJVZ KL[LYTPUHULSKPZL|VKLS[YH
IHQVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`HKLTmZYLWYLZLU[HULSWVZPJPVUHTPLU[VKLSPU]LZ[PNHKVYMYLU[LHSHYLHSPKHK
HPU]LZ[PNHY,ULZ[LZLU[PKVZLYLSHJPVUHJVULSTHYJV[L}YPJV
4VKLSV!/LYYHTPLU[HJVUJLW[\HSWHYHPU[LYWYL[HYSVX\LSH[LVYxHPU[LU[HL_WSPJHY`LSTVKVLUX\L
¾
SHZ[LVYxHZW\LKLUZVTL[LYZLHJVTWYVIHJP}ULTWxYPJH
4L[VKVSVNxH! 4HYJV JVUJLW[\HS KL YLMLYLUJPH TLKPHU[L LS J\HS ZL KLZJYPIL L_WSPJH ` Q\Z[PÄJH LS
¾
WYVJLZVKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U+L[LYTPUHYSHTL[VKVSVNxHPTWSPJH[LULYLUJ\LU[HSHZVWJPVULZVU[VS}
NPJHZWYLZLU[HJP}UKLSHYLHSPKHKJVTVLZ[m[PJH`KPUmTPJH"LZKLJPYZLYLMVYT\SHUJSHZPÄJHJPVULZ
WHYHJH[LNVYPaHYVHNY\WHYSHPUMVYTHJP}ULUJSHZLZV[PWVZ`LWPZ[LTVS}NPJHZSVZTVKVZLUSVZ
X\LWVKLTVZJVUVJLYSHYLHSPKHK+L[HSTHULYHX\LLSZ\QL[VLZ[HISLJL\UHKL[LYTPUHKHMVYTHKL
JVUVJPTPLU[VO\THUVWHYHKLZHYYVSSHYZ\WLUZHTPLU[VH[YH]tZKLJYLLUJPHZWYPUJPWPVZ`]HSVYLZ
LTWSLHUKVKPMLYLU[LZTL[VKVSVNxHZ3HLWPZ[LTVSVNxHJYLHUVJPVULZ]LYKHKLYHZJYLLUJPHZ`Q\Z[P
ÄJHJP}UKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VJPLU[xÄJVLUZ\ZKPZ[PU[HZmYLHZ3H\UP}UKLHTIVZKL[LYTPUHYmJ\mSLZ
SHMVYT\SHJP}UKLSWYVISLTHHPU]LZ[PNHYX\L[tJUPJHZZVUSHZTmZHKLJ\HKHZHZxJVTVLSHUmSPZPZ
KLSHPUMVYTHJP}UHLTWSLHY
4t[VKV!-VYTHZKL[YHIHQHYSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UTLKPHU[LSHZJ\HSLZZLKLYP]HUSHZKLJPZPVULZVPTWSP
¾
JHJPVULZWHYHSHWYmJ[PJHJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSHYLHSPKHKHJVYKLJVUSHTL[VKVSVNxH
([LUKPLUKVHSHZWYLJPZPVULZJPLU[xÄJV[tJUPJHZKLSSLUN\HQLJPLU[xÄJVSH(.*7KLILZLYLU[LUKPKH
KLTVKVNLULYHSJVTV\UWHYHKPNTHWLYJLWJP}UKLSVZSxTP[LZÙVYTHZKL\UHJVT\UPKHKJPLU[xÄJHLU
\ULZWHJPV`LU\U[LTWVX\LLUSHIZX\LKHKLZVS\JPVULZKLZKLSHH[LUJP}UKLWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZ
ZLJVU]PLY[LLU\UTVKLSVLUSHTLKPKHLUX\LHWHY[PYKLSHYLSHJP}U[LVYxHWYmJ[PJHZLW\LKLL_WSPJHYSH
(.*7
,Z[HMVYTHKL[YHIHQHYLZ\UHWYVW\LZ[HHIPLY[H`ÅL_PISLJ\`HÄUHSPKHKZLYmJYLHY\UHJ\S[\YHVYNHUP
aH[P]HJLU[YHKHLUKHY\UZLY]PJPVKLJHSPKHKHSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZKLZKLJ\H[YVNYHUKLZmYLHZ!9LJV
UVJLYLS]HSVYKLSH]PKHO\THUHWVYLUJPTHKLSHLKHK`SHZJHWHJPKHKLZLSLQLJLU[YHSLZYLZWVUKLYHSH
ZPUN\SHYPKHKKLSVZ\Z\HYPVZ`KLZKLZ\WLYZWLJ[P]HZLJVUÄN\YH\UZLY]PJPVKLJHSPKHKLU\ULU[VYUVX\L
ZH[PZMHJLJ\LZ[PVULZWLKHN}NPJHZWZPJVS}NPJHZZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLZLK\JH[P]HZ`ZHUP[HYPHZ
7HYHUVZV[YVZZPN\PLUKVH4LStSH(.*7LZ\UHMVYTHKL[YHIHQVKPNUV®LUSHTLKPKHLUX\L
SVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZX\LSHHKVW[HULUZ\ZHILY®`ZHILYOHJLY®WYVMLZPVUHSYLZWVUKLUH\UHt[PJHLUSH
VYNHUPaHJP}UKLS[YHIHQVLU[LUKPKHJVTVLSTVKVKLTLQVYHYHX\PtULZSVYLHSPaHHKLTmZKLJVU[YPI\PYHS
IPLUJVTU®[HU[VLUTHJYVJVTVLUTPJYVJVT\UPKHKLZ;YHIHQHULQLJ\[HUKV\UHHJ[P]PKHKPU[LUJPV
UHSSPIYL`JVUZJPLU[LX\LPU[LYHJ[HJVUZ\WYVWPHKPNUPKHK,ULZ[LZLU[PKVMHJPSP[HLSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS
`WYVMLZPVUHSKL[YHIHQHKVYLZZPUVS]PKHYX\LSH[PWVSVNxH`JHSPKHKKLSZLY]PJPVIPLULZTH[LYPHSLZZVJPVJ\S
[\YHSLZ¯" ÄUHSPKHKLZ LK\JH[P]HZ HZPZ[LUJPHSLZ¯ X\L WVUNHU LU THYJOH YLWLYJ\[PYm LU V[YHZ WLYZVUHZ
JVTWH|LYVZKLZ[PUH[HYPVZKLSHH[LUJP}UL[J+LZKLSHKPNUPKHKKLS[YHIHQVSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZYPUKLUTmZ
ZPSHIVYHSTLU[LYLJPILU\UI\LU[YH[V(ZxOHISHTVZKL\U[YHIHQVJVUZLU[PKV®ZPKVTPUHLSX\tOHJLY®
KLZJ\IYLTV[P]VZ]HSPVZVZLUSVX\LOHJL]L\[PSPKHKLULSZHILYOHJLY®`JVUVJLHSHZWLYZVUHZHSHZ
X\LH[PLUKL
Conclusiones
,SLU]LQLJPTPLU[VWVISHJPVUHSLZ\U[YP\UMVJ\S[\YHS`ZVJPVJVT\UP[HYPVKLSHO\THUPKHKWLYV[HTIPtU
\UKLZHMxVKLSZPNSV??0LUYLSHJP}UHS[PWVKLH[LUJP}UNLYVU[VS}NPJH`LK\JH[P]HX\LZLKLTHUKH,ULZ[L
ZLU[PKVSH(.*7ZP[HHSHWLYZVUHLULSJLU[YVKLSZLY]PJPV`KLSHH[LUJP}ULZWLJPHSPaHKHWHYHHJ[\HY
ZLNUZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZZPUN\SHYLZUVZSVPUKPX\LUTHU[LUPTPLU[VZ\H\[VUVTxHM\UJPVUHS"LZ[LTVKLSV
JVUQ\NHZPULYNPHZWVZP[P]HZLU[YLLSH\[VJ\PKHKV`LSJ\PKHKVWYVMLZPVUHSLPUMVYTHS"SHJHSPKHKKLSH]PKH
HZPZ[LUJPHSVISPNHHKLMLUKLYSHKPNUPKHKKLSHWLYZVUHHZxJVTVLSKLYLJOVHLQLYJLYLSJVU[YVSKLZ\WYVWPH
]PKHJVTV\U]HSVYU\JSLHY
,S HQ\Z[L [LYTPUVS}NPJV KLS JVUVJPTPLU[V JPLU[xÄJV[tJUPJV WHYH H (.*7 LZ \U LSLTLU[V PUUV]HKVY
WHYHNLULYHYSHJVTWL[LUJPHKLSZHILY®`ZHILYOHJLY®KLZKLSH.LYVU[VSVNxH`LSmTIP[VKLSH7LKHNVNxH
.LYVU[VS}NPJHHS\UPYLK\JHJP}U`H[LUJP}ULZWLJPHSPaHKH`LZWLJxÄJH
3H(.*7LZ\UHMVYTHKL[YHIHQVKPNUV®LUSHTLKPKHLUX\LSVZ[YHIHQHKVYLZYLJPIPLUKV\UI\LU
[YH[VW\LKLUH\[VYYLHSPaHYZLWLYZVUHS`SHIVYHSTLU[LHSH]LaX\LYLHSPaHU\U[YHIHQVJVUZLU[PKV®
(Y[LHNH+5,S+LZHYYVSSVO\THUV`SHNLULYHJP}UKLJHWHJPKHKLZRevista Diálogos
*HTWZ= El siglo de las mujeres4HKYPK!,KPJPVULZ*m[LKYH
.VUamSLa)LYUHS1`-\LU[L(U\UJPIH`9KLSH+LZHYYVSSVO\THUVLUSH]LQLa!<ULU]LQLJPTPLU[V
}W[PTVKLZKLSVZJ\H[YVJVTWVULU[LZKLSZLYO\THUV0U[LYUH[PVUHSJournal of Developmental and
Educational Psychology
4HY[xULa 9VKYxN\La;La atención gerontológica centrada en la personaÍSH]H!+LWHY[HTLU[VKL
;YHIHQV`(Z\U[VZ:VJPHSLZ.VIPLYUVKLS7HxZ=HZJV
4HY[xULa9VKYxN\La;H3HH[LUJP}UJLU[YHKHLUSHWLYZVUH!LUMVX\L`TVKLSVZWHYHLSI\LU[YH[V
HSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZSociedad y Utopía: Revista de Ciencias Sociales!
4HY[xULa 9VKYxN\La;I3HH[LUJP}UJLU[YHKHLUSHWLYZVUH(SN\UHZJSH]LZWHYHH]HUaHYLUSVZ
ZLY]PJPVZNLYVU[VS}NPJVZActas de la Dependencia
4HY[xULa 9VKYxN\La;3HH[LUJP}UJLU[YHKHLUSHWLYZVUHLUSVZZLY]PJPVZNLYVU[VS}NPJVZLZWH|V
SLZGaceta de la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
4HY[xULa;+xHa=LPNH7:HUJOV4L9VKYxN\La7 Modelo de Atención Centrada en la Per-
sona. Cuadernos prácticos.=P[VYPH!+LWHY[HTLU[VKL,TWSLV`7VSx[PJHZ:VJPHSLZ.VIPLYUV=HZJV
4HY[xULa;"+xHa=LPNH7"9VKYxN\La7":HUJOV4Modelo de atención centrada en la persona.
Presentación de los Cuadernos prácticos4HKYPK!0UMVYTLZ,U]LQLJPTPLU[VLU9LK
4LSt+i[PJHLUSHVYNHUPaHJP}UKLS[YHIHQV!;YHIHQVKLJLU[L`[YHIHQVJVUZLU[PKV5H]HYYH!0,:,
)\ZPULZZ:JOVVS6JJHZPVUHS7HWLYZ9LJ\WLYHKVLU O[[WZ!^^^PLZLLK\YLZLHYJO
WKMZ67WKM
4VSLPYV7tYLa6"6[LYV9HTVZ0 5PL]LZ(JO}UA(WYLUKPaHQL`KLZHYYVSSVO\THUVRevista
Iberoamericana de Educación
9VKYxN\La9VKYxN\La73HH[LUJP}UPU[LNYHSJLU[YHKHLUSHWLYZVUH4HKYPK!Informes Portal Mayo-
res
9VKYxN\La9VKYxN\La73HH[LUJP}UPU[LNYHS`JLU[YHKHLUSHWLYZVUH4HKYPK!-\UKHJP}U7PSHYLZ
Papeles de la Fundación Pilares para la autonomía personal
9VKYxN\La9VKYxN\La7*VVYKModelo de atención integral y centrada en la persona. Teoría y
aplicaciones en ámbitos del envejecimiento y la discapacidad. 4HKYPK!;LJUVZ
=PSSHY-`:LYYH[9/HISLJVULSSVZ!J\PKHKVZUHYYH[P]VZLULSTHYJVKL\UHH[LUJP}UJLU[YHKHLU
SHWLYZVUHRevista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Mª Paula Ríos-de Deus
+VJ[VYHLUWZPJVWLKHNVNxH
7LYZVUHSKVJLU[LLPU]LZ[PNHKVY
ONG-Mestura como
KLSH<UP]LYZPKHKKL(*VY\|H
WH\SHYPVZKLKL\Z'\KJLZ proveedora de justicia
Thais Pousada-García
+VJ[VYHLUJPLUJPHZKLSHZHS\K ocupacional para
7LYZVUHSKVJLU[LLPU]LZ[PNHKVY
KLSH<UP]LYZPKHKKL(*VY\|H
[OHPZWV\ZHKHNHYJPH'\KJLZ
personas migrantes
Liliana Rodrigues-Mota
65.4LZ[\YH
LK\JHJPVU'VUNTLZ[\YHLZ
Nerea Díez-Ríos
;LYHWL\[HVJ\WHJPVUHS
ULYLHKPLaYPVZ'\KJLZ
Objetivo: 7YLZLU[HY LS [YHIHQV KLZHYYVSSHKV WVY
65.Mestura(*VY\|HLUZ\ZLY]PJPVKL6YPLU[HJP}UL
0U[LYTLKPHJP}U3HIVYHSWYLZ[HUKVHZLZVYHTPLU[V`HWV`V
HWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZLUYPLZNVKLL_JS\ZP}UZVJPHS
Resumen: 3HZ KPMLYLUJPHZ J\S[\YHSLZ L PKPVTm[PJHZ

SHMHS[HKLL_WLYPLUJPHSHIVYHSVKLMVYTHJP}UKLZWYV[LJ
JP}U`H\ZLUJPHKLYLKLZZVJPHSLZMH]VYLJL\UHZP[\HJP}U
KL]\SULYHIPSPKHK`L_JS\ZP}UZVJPHSSPTP[HUKVSHPUZLYJP}U
SHIVYHS`WHY[PJPWHJP}ULUVJ\WHJPVULZZPNUPÄJH[P]HZ,Z[H
YLZ[YPJJP}UWVYMHJ[VYLZL_[LYUVZHSJVU[YVSKLSHZWLYZVUHZ
ZL JVUJPIL JVTV PUQ\Z[PJPH VJ\WHJPVUHS 65.Mestura
KLZHYYVSSHHJ[P]PKHKLZ`WYV`LJ[VZWHYHVYPLU[HYPUMVYTHY
` HJVTWH|HY H LZ[HZ WLYZVUHZ ZLNU Z\Z ULJLZPKHKLZ
LPU[LYLZLZWHYHSHPUJS\ZP}USHIVYHSPN\HSKHKKLNtULYV
ZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U`TLKPHJP}UPU[LYJ\S[\YHS)\ZJHWYVTV]LY
JVT\UPKHKLZPUJS\ZP]HZPN\HSKHKKPNUPKHKLTWH[xHYLZ
WL[V`NLULYHY`NHYHU[PaHYVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLWHY[PJPWHJP}U
LUVJ\WHJPVULZZPNUPÄJH[P]HZ
Palabras clave!65.4LZ[\YHWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZ
Q\Z[PJPHVJ\WHJPVUHS
1. Introducción
/PZ[}YPJHTLU[L SHZ KPMLYLU[LZ ZVJPLKHKLZ ZL OHU

PKV JYLHUKV ` TVKPÄJHUKV H [YH]tZ KL SVZ TV]PTPLU[VZ
TPNYH[VYPVZWLYVUVLZOHZ[HWYPUJPWPVZKLSZPNSV??JVU
SH 9L]VS\JP}U 9\ZH SH 0 .\LYYH 4\UKPHS ` V[YVZ JVUÅPJ
[VZHUP]LSPU[LYUHJPVUHSJ\HUKVZLJVTPLUaHHOHISHYKL
WLYZVUHZYLM\NPHKHZ`KLZWSHaHTPLU[VZTHZP]VZ(ZxLU
SH+LJSHYHJP}U<UP]LYZHSKLSVZ+LYLJOVZ/\THUVZHWYV
IHKHLU ZLJVU[LTWSHWVYWYPTLYH]LaLSMLU}TLUV
KLSHZTPNYHJPVULZ`LSYLM\NPV(*5<9
3H 00 .\LYYH 4\UKPHS WYV]VJ} TPSSVULZ KL KLZWSHaH
TPLU[VZMVYaVZVZSVX\LKPVS\NHYHSHJYLHJP}ULU
KL (*5<9 (S[V *VTPZPVUHKV KL SHZ 5HJPVULZ <UPKHZ
WHYH SVZ 9LM\NPHKVZ ,Z[H VYNHUPaHJP}U Z\YNL [YHZ JVU
ZPKLYHYX\LLSTV]PTPLU[VKLSHZWLYZVUHZYLM\NPHKHZLYH
JVTWL[LUJPH PU[LYUHJPVUHS ` ZL KLIxH SLNPZSHY ` H`\KHY H
X\PLUKLJPKxHUVYLNYLZHYHZ\WHxZKLVYPNLUWVYYHaVULZ
Q\Z[PÄJHKHZJVTVLSPUJ\TWSPTPLU[VKLZ\ZKLYLJOVZImZP
JVZ`M\UKHTLU[HSLZVZP[\HJPVULZLUSHZX\LJVYYLWLSPNYV
Z\]PKH[LUPLUKVKLYLJOVHKLJPKPYZVIYLZ\WYVWPVM\[\YV
.VYKLURLY3
:LNULZ[HISLJLLS,Z[H[\[VKLSVZ9LM\NPHKVZ LS[tYTPUV¸YLM\NPHKV¹ZLHWSPJHH[VKHWLYZVUH
X\L!
¸+LIPKVHM\UKHKVZ[LTVYLZKLZLYWLYZLN\PKHWVYTV[P]VZKLYHaHUHJPVUHSPKHKWLY[LULUJPH
HKL[LYTPUHKVNY\WVZVJPHS\VWPUPVULZWVSx[PJHZZLLUJ\LU[YLM\LYHKLZ\WHxZKLUHJPVUHSPKHK
ÙVW\LKHVHJH\ZHKLKPJOVZ[LTVYLZUVX\PLYHHJVNLYZLHSHWYV[LJJP}UKL[HSWHxZ"VX\L
JHYLJPLUKVKLUHJPVUHSPKHKÒHSSmUKVZLHJVUZLJ\LUJPHKL[HSLZHJVU[LJPTPLU[VZM\LYHKLSWHxZ
K}UKL [\]PLYH HU[LZ Z\ YLZPKLUJPH OHIP[\HS UV W\LKH V H JH\ZH KL KPJOVZ [LTVYLZ UV X\PLYH
YLNYLZHYHtS¹5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ
3HZWLYZVUHZKLZWSHaHKHZZVUNLULYHSTLU[L]xJ[PTHZKLSHPU[VSLYHUJPHWVSx[PJHZVJPHSJ\S[\YHSYLSP
NPVZH`Vt[UPJHX\LO\`LUKLSHWLYZLJ\JP}USVZJVUÅPJ[VZHYTHKVZSH]PVSLUJPHVSHZ]PVSHJPVULZKLSVZ
KLYLJOVZO\THUVZ(*5<9
2. Tendencias globales
+\YHU[L SVZ H|VZ SVZ Å\QVZ JYLJPLU[LZ KL TPNYHJPVULZ MVYaHKHZ ` ZVSPJP[\KLZ KL HZPSV LZ[HIHU
SSLNHUKVKPYLJ[HTLU[LH,\YVWHKLZKLaVUHZKLJVUÅPJ[VLU(TtYPJH3H[PUHÍMYPJH`(ZPH,USVZPUPJPVZ
KLSHKtJHKHKLSVZ ZLJVUZ[H[}\UH\TLU[VKLSHZTPNYHJPVULZ,Z[LKLZLVKLTV]PSPKHKZLW\LKL
JVUZPKLYHYJVTVWHY[LPU[LNYHSKLWYVJLZVZNSVIHSLZKL[YHUZMVYTHJP}UZVJPHS¸3HNSVIHSPaHJP}UPTWSPJHSH
WYVSPMLYHJP}UKLÅ\QVZ[YHUZMYVU[LYPaVZUVZ}SVKLJHWP[HS`TLYJHUJxHZZPUV[HTIPtUKL]HSVYLZJ\S[\YHSLZ
PKLHZ`WLYZVUHZ¹-VYaHKH*HZ[SLZ`4VYmU
3H WVISHJP}U NSVIHS KL YLM\NPHKVZ JYLJP} KL TPSSVULZ LU H TPSSVULZ LU ` H
TPSSVULZLU :LHSJHUa}\UJSxTH_JVUTPSSVULZLU ,ULSH|VSHWVISHJP}UNSVIHSKL
YLM\NPHKVZKLZJLUKP}HTPSSVULZ(*5<9
3HWVISHJP}UT\UKPHSKLKLZWSHaHKVZMVYaVZVZOHH\TLU[HKVLUSHZS[PTHZKtJHKHZ,SJYLJPTPLU[V
KLLZ[LMLU}TLUVZLJVUZVSPK}LU[YLSVZH|VZ`HJH\ZHKLSJVUÅPJ[VLU:PYPH,Z[VZÅ\QVZ
JYLJPLU[LZ UV Z}SV HSLY[HU H VYNHUPaHJPVULZ KL H`\KH 65.»Z L[J (*5<9 ZPUV X\L [HTIPtU
KLILYxH ZLY \U MHJ[VY X\L SSHTL H SH YLÅL_P}U KL SVZ KPYPNLU[LZ WVSx[PJVZ ` VYNHUPaHJPVULZ JVT\UP[HYPHZ
PU[LYUHJPVUHSLZ
3VZKH[VZTmZYLJPLU[LZPUKPJHUX\LLZ[HZP[\HJP}UUVLZWYV]PZPVUHS`ZLLZ[PTHX\LLUSVZWY}_PTVZ
H|VZLSUTLYVKLWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZZPN\HHZJLUKPLUKV,\YVWLHU*VTTPZZPVUYLZHS[HUKVSH
PTWVY[HUJPHKLLZ[LKLZHMxVZVJPHS
,SKLQ\UPVZLJLSLIYHLS+xH4\UKPHSKLS9LM\NPHKVy (*5<9OHJLWISPJVX\LTPSSVULZKL
WLYZVUHZOHUZPKVOHZ[HÄUHSLZKLKLZWSHaHKVZHSHM\LYaH
(ÄUHSLZKLOHIxHTPSSVULZKLWLYZVUHZKLZWSHaHKHZMVYaVZHTLU[LLU[VKVLST\UKVH
JVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHWLYZLJ\JP}USVZJVUÅPJ[VZSH]PVSLUJPHVSHZ]PVSHJPVULZKLKLYLJOVZO\THUVZ,Z[H
JPMYHYLWYLZLU[HIH\UH\TLU[VKLWLYZVUHZYLZWLJ[VHS año anteriorJHKHZLN\UKVZ\UHWLY
ZVUH[PLULX\LTHYJOHYZLKLZ\OVNHYZPLUKVLS[LYJLYH|VJVUZLJ\[P]VLUX\LZLZ\WLYHLSYécord de
KLZWSHaHTPLU[VZLULST\UKV`X\LLSKLSVZYLM\NPHKVZZVUUP|VZ(*5<9
3. Impacto de los desplazamientos forzosos en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud
,SH\TLU[VKLTPNYHJPVULZMVYaVZHZW\LKLPTWSPJHYX\LL_PZ[H\ULSL]HKVUTLYVKLWLYZVUHZLU
ZP[\HJP}UKL]\SULYHIPSPKHK`L_JS\ZP}UZVJPHSSVX\LYLWLYJ\[LLUZ\ZHS\KIPLULZ[HYJHSPKHKKL]PKH`
H\[VUVTxHWLYZVUHS+xLa9xVZ
:PN\PLUKVHSH6YNHUPaHJP}U0U[LYUHJPVUHSWHYHSH4PNYHJPVULZ604HSH6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH
:HS\K64:`HSH6YNHUPaHJP}UKLSHZ5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ65<SHZWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZZ\LSLUL_WLYPTLU
[HYKPZ[PU[HZ]P]LUJPHZX\LWVULULUYPLZNVZ\ZHS\KMxZPJHTLU[HSZVJPHS`Z\IPLULZ[HY7VYLQLTWSVLULS
WHxZKLVYPNLUW\LKLU]P]PYZP[\HJPVULZKLN\LYYH]PVSLUJPH[VY[\YHVHI\ZVZL_\HSLU[YLV[YVZ[YH\THZ"
SHZJVUKPJPVULZLUX\LZLYLHSPaHLS[YH`LJ[VWLSPNYVLULSTLKPVKL[YHUZWVY[LJVUKPJPVULZKLZHS\IYPKHK
`K\YHJP}U[PWVKLKLZWSHaHTPLU[VX\LW\LKLZLYTHZP]VVPUKP]PK\HSHZxJVTVL]LU[VZ[YH\Tm[PJVZKL
HI\ZVV]PVSLUJPH@HLUSHU\L]HJVT\UPKHKZLLUMYLU[HUHKPMLYLU[LZMHJ[VYLZSHZWVSx[PJHZTPNYH[VYPHZ
ZHUP[HYPHZSHPUJS\ZP}UVKPZJYPTPUHJP}ULSLZ[H[\ZSLNHSLULSX\LZLLUJ\LU[YLULSHJJLZVHSVZZLY]PJPVZ
SHKPMLYLUJPHKLPKPVTH`J\S[\YHSHZLWHYHJP}UKLZ\MHTPSPHSHK\YHJP}UKLSHLZ[HUJPHLSHI\ZVVSH]PV
SLUJPH`L_WSV[HJP}USHZJVUKPJPVULZKL]PKHVLS[YHIHQV0U[LYUH[PVUHS6YNHUPaH[PVUMVY4PNYH[PVUZM"X\L
KPÄJ\S[HULUNYHUTLKPKHX\LSHZWLYZVUHZW\LKHUWHY[PJPWHYLUSHLK\JHJP}UVMVYTHJP}U`HJJLKLYH
SVZZLY]PJPVZ`YLJ\YZVZKLSHZVJPLKHK6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K
;VKVZLZ[VZMHJ[VYLZLZ[mUM\LYHKLSJVU[YVSPUTLKPH[VKLSHWYVWPHWLYZVUHSVX\LJVUKPJPVUHX\L
LZ[VZPUKP]PK\VZ]P]HU\UHZP[\HJP}UKLPUQ\Z[PJPHVJ\WHJPVUHSHSUV[LULYSHZTPZTHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZX\L
SVZKLTmZJP\KHKHUVZWHYHPU]VS\JYHYZL`KLJPKPYZVIYLZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}ULUSHZVJ\WHJPVULZLSLNPKHZ,Z[L
MLU}TLUVLZ[mZVJPHSTLU[LJVUZ[Y\PKVZVIYLSHZIHZLZKLSVZ]HSVYLZJ\S[\YHSLZX\LNLULYHUSHL_JS\ZP}U
*YH^MVYK,L[HS">OP[LMVYK ">VSM39PWH[1+H]PZ,)LJRLY7ZM
7VYLSSVJHKH]LaLZTmZ\YNLU[LJVUZPKLYHYSVZKLZWSHaHTPLU[VZMVYaVZVZ`SHTPNYHJP}UJVTV\U
KL[LYTPUHU[LZVJPHSKLSHZHS\K!
¸,SYPLZNVKLLUMLYTLKHKVKLYLZ\S[HKVZKLZHS\KHK]LYZVZLZTH`VYLUJPLY[VZNY\WVZKLTPNYHU
[LZ4PNYHU[LZJVUVYPNLULUmYLHZKLWVIYLaHHX\LSSVZKLZWSHaHKVZWVY\UJVUÅPJ[VVKLZHZ[YL
UH[\YHSNY\WVZ]\SULYHISLZWVYLQLTWSVWLYZVUHZJVUJVUKPJPVULZKLZHS\KWYL]PHZTPNYHU[LZ
UVHJVTWH|HKVZSVZTH`VYLZSVZQ}]LULZ`SHZMHTPSPHZTVUVWHYLU[HSLZ`HX\LSSVZJVUOHIPSP
KHKLZLK\JH[P]HZSHIVYHSLZ`SPUNxZ[PJHZSPTP[HKHZ[PLULUTH`VYYPLZNVKLYLZ\S[HKVZKLZHS\K
HK]LYZVZ (KLTmZ SHZ WLYZVUHZ TPNYHU[LZ X\L ZVU Z\QL[VZ KL L_JS\ZP}U SLNHS LJVU}TPJH `V
ZVJPHS LZWLJPHSTLU[L TPNYHU[LZ LU ZP[\HJPVULZ PYYLN\SHYLZ W\LKLU ZLY KLZWYVWVYJPVUHKHTLU[L
]\SULYHISLZ H JVU[YHLY LUMLYTLKHKLZ ` KLZHYYVSSHY WYVISLTHZ KL ZHS\K TLU[HS JVTV YLZ\S[HKV
KLSHZTHSHZJVUKPJPVULZKL]PKHSHZJVUKPJPVULZHI\ZP]HZKL[YHIHQV`SHMHS[HKLHJJLZVHSVZ
ZLY]PJPVZZVJPHSLZ`ZHUP[HYPVZ¹VYPNPUHSLUPUNStZ[YHK\JJP}UWYVWPH0U[LYUH[PVUHS6YNHUPaH[PVUMVY
4PNYH[PVUZM
+PJOHZP[\HJP}UUVZ}SVHMLJ[HHSHZWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZZPUVX\LLZ[VZTV]PTPLU[VZYLWLYJ\[LUZVIYL
LSJVUQ\U[VKLSHZVJPLKHK(JOV[LN\P ,ZYLZWVUZHIPSPKHKKLSHJP\KHKHUxH[YHUZMVYTHYLZ[LKLZHMxV
LU\UHVWVY[\UPKHK7HYHX\LLZ[HZWLYZVUHZ¸BZLHUDJHWHJLZKLPKLU[PÄJHY`YLHSPaHYZ\ZHZWPYHJPVULZ
ZH[PZMHJLY Z\Z ULJLZPKHKLZ ` KL JHTIPHY V HKHW[HYZL HS TLKPV HTIPLU[L¹ 6YNHUPaHJP}U 4\UKPHS KL SH
ZHS\K LZULJLZHYPV[YHIHQHY[HTIPtUJVUSVZLU[VYUVZ`JVU[L_[VZWHYHX\LVMYLaJHUVWVY[\UPKHKLZ
KLWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUVJ\WHJPVULZZPNUPÄJH[P]HZZHS\KÌPLULZ[HY
4. ONG-Mestura
3H65.4LZ[\YHZLJYLHLUZPLUKVZ\mTIP[VKLHJ[\HJP}ULSÍYLH4L[YVWVSP[HUHKL(*VY\|H
.HSPJPH,ZWH|H:\TPZP}ULZVMYLJLY\UZLY]PJPVZVJPHSWYVMLZPVUHS`LZWLJPHSPaHKVWHYHSHZWLYZVUHZ
TPNYHU[LZ LU YPLZNV KL L_JS\ZP}U ZVJPHS `V KLWLUKLUJPH" VYPLU[HUKV PUMVYTHUKV ` HJVTWH|HUKV LU
HX\LSSVZHZWLJ[VZZVJPHSLZX\LSVZPU]VS\JYLUKPYLJ[HTLU[LHZxJVTVMHJPSP[HUKVZ\LZLUJPHSÙLJLZHYPH
PUJS\ZP}ULUU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHK;HTIPtUWYLZ[HZ\ZZLY]PJPVZHV[YVZJVSLJ[P]VZJVTV!T\QLYLZ]xJ[PTHZ
KL THS[YH[V `V L_WSV[HJP}U PUMHUJPH Q\]LU[\K WHYHKVZHZ KL SHYNH K\YHJP}U LUMLYTVZHZ ` WLYZVUHZ
TH`VYLZLU[YLV[YVZ65.4LZ[\YHX\LZVUKPYLJ[HTLU[LKLTHUKHKVZWVYSVZTPZTVZ
,Z[HZ HJJPVULZ ZL [YHK\JLU LU X\L SH LU[PKHK ZL JVU]PLY[H LU WYV]LLKVYH KL Q\Z[PJPH VJ\WHJPVUHS
WYVTV]PLUKVSHWHY[PJPWHJP}UZVJPHS`JP\KHKHUHH[YH]tZKLHJ[P]PKHKLZKLJVVWLYHJP}U`LK\JHJP}UWHYH
LSKLZHYYVSSV`KLJHTWH|HZKLZLUZPIPSPaHJP}ULUSHYLHSPKHKKLSHZWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZ`TmZKLZMH]VYLJP
KHZ+LLZ[HMVYTHSHLU[PKHKWV[LUJPHSHt[PJHLU]HSVYLZO\THUVZKLJVU]P]LUJPH[VSLYHUJPHLPN\HSKHK
KLSHZWLYZVUHZ65.4LZ[\YH
+LZKLLSH|VOHL_WLYPTLU[HKV\UH\TLU[VKL\Z\HYPVZHZHWV`HUKVLU[YL`H
[HU[VZ\Z\HYPVZJVTVLUSVZH|VZHU[LYPVYLZ65.4LZ[\YH
3H]PZP}UKLSH65.4LZ[\YHLZ]LSHYWVYSHPU[LNYPKHK`SVZKLYLJOVZKL[VKHZSHZWLYZVUHZ[YHIH
QHUKVLU[YLZmYLHZM\UKHTLU[HSLZ!SHPUJS\ZP}UZVJPVSHIVYHS`TLQVYHKLLTWSLVMH]VYLJLYLSHJJLZVHS
[YHIHQVLU[LUKPKVJVTVOLYYHTPLU[HM\UKHTLU[HSWHYHSHPUJS\ZP}U`SHKPNUPKHKO\THUHSHZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U
`TLKPHJP}UPU[LYJ\S[\YHS`LSMVTLU[VKLSHPN\HSKHKKLNtULYV,UJVUJYL[VZLH[PLUKLKLMVYTHPU[LNYHS
HSHZMHTPSPHZ[YHIHQHUKVSHZmYLHZKLTH`VY]\SULYHIPSPKHKPUMHUJPHT\QLY`Q\]LU[\K`HX\LVMYLJPLUKV
ZLY]PJPVZHSH\UPKHKMHTPSPHYLUZ\JVUQ\U[VZLW\LKLUNLULYHYJHTIPVZLMLJ[P]VZ`MH]VYLJLYSHQ\Z[PJPH
ZVJPHSH[YH]tZKLHJJPVULZKLZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U3VZWYPUJPWPVZt[PJVZ]HSVYLZZVIYLSVZX\LZLHZPLU[HSH
65.`X\LWLYTP[LUJYLHYSHZWH\[HZKLJVTWVY[HTPLU[VZVU![YHUZWHYLUJPHQ\Z[PJPHPN\HSKHKZVSPKHYP
KHKKPNUPKHKJVTWYVTPZV`JVOLYLUJPH65.4LZ[\YH
4.1. Inclusión sociolaboral y mejora del empleo
7HY[PLUKV KL SH PKLH KL X\L SH PUZLYJP}U SHIVYHS LZ SH WYPUJPWHS OLYYHTPLU[H WHYH SH PU[LNYHJP}U
65.4LZ[\YHHZLZVYH`HWV`HHSHZWLYZVUHZK\YHU[LLSWYVJLZVKLIZX\LKHKLLTWSLVH[YH]tZKLSVZ
ZLY]PJPVZKL6YPLU[HJP}UL0U[LYTLKPHJP}U3HIVYHS
7HYH JHKH PUKP]PK\V ZL WSHU[LHU P[PULYHYPVZ WLYZVUHSPaHKVZ KL PUZLYJP}U ZVJPVSHIVYHS X\L PUJS\`LU
HJJPVULZMVYTH[P]HZ`KLJHWHJP[HJP}ULPU[LYTLKPHJP}UJVULTWYLZHZ
,U[YLSHZHJJPVULZTmZKLZ[HJHKHZLULZ[HSxULHZLW\LKLULU\TLYHYSHZZPN\PLU[LZ!
4LQVYHY SH PU[LNYHJP}U ZVJPVSHIVYHS KL T\QLYLZ NLZ[HU[LZ `V JVU JHYNHZ MHTPSPHYLZ X\L LZ[tU LU
ZP[\HJP}UVYPLZNVKL]\SULYHIPSPKHK,SLQLJVUK\J[VYLZ\UZLY]PJPVKLHJVNPKHPUMVYTHJP}U`VYPLU
[HJP}UZVIYLYLJ\YZVZHSYLKLKVYKLSJ\HSZLHY[PJ\SHU\UH\UPKHKKLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS`\UWYVNYHTH
KLTLQVYHKLSHZHS\KWZPJVHMLJ[P]H,UJHKH\UHKLLZ[HZ\UPKHKLZZLWYVWVYJPVUHHSHZT\QLYLZ
WHY[PJPWHU[LZ\UHH[LUJP}UWLYZVUHSPaHKHLUIHZLH\UWYV`LJ[VPUKP]PK\HSPaHKVKLPUZLYJP}U
7YVWVYJPVUHY VYPLU[HJP}U SHIVYHS HKHW[HKH H SHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ WHY[PJ\SHYLZ KL SVZ \Z\HYPVZ :L
PTWHY[LU[HSSLYLZKLIZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLVMVYTHJP}USHIVYHS`WYLSHIVYHS`VYPLU[HJP}USHIVYHS
PUKP]PK\HS
7V[LUJPHYLS\ZVKLSHZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZLUSHIZX\LKHKLLTWSLV:LWYL[LUKLYVTWLYSHIYLJOH
KPNP[HSL_PZ[LU[LLUJVSLJ[P]VZ]\SULYHISLZTLKPHU[LSHMVYTHJP}UWYLZLUJPHSZVIYLYLJ\YZVZKPNP[HSLZ
WHYHSHIZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLV`SHKPM\ZP}UKLKPYLJ[VYPVZ`WVY[HSLZLZWLJPHSPaHKVZLUVYPLU[H
JP}USHIVYHSWHYHJVSLJ[P]VZKLZMH]VYLJPKVZ
4.2. Sensibilización y mediación intercultural
*VULSVIQL[P]VKLJVU[YPI\PYH\UHJVU]P]LUJPHJ\S[\YHSLUYPX\LJLKVYH65.4LZ[\YHZLOHLZWLJPH
SPaHKV KLZKL Z\Z PUPJPVZ LU KLZHYYVSSHY JHTWH|HZ KL ZLUZPIPSPaHJP}U PU[LYJ\S[\YHS [HU[V LK\JH[P]H JVTV
JVT\UP[HYPH`LUVMYLJLYZLY]PJPVZKLTLKPHJP}UX\LMHJPSP[LUSHJVT\UPJHJP}U`LSHJJLZVHSVZYLJ\YZVZH
SHZWLYZVUHZX\LWYLZLU[HUHSNU[PWVKLIHYYLYHSPUNxZ[PJHWLYZVUHSVZVJPHS
(SN\UVZLQLTWSVZ!
-HJPSP[HYSHPU[LNYHJP}ULULSU\L]VLU[VYUVTLKPHU[LLSHWYLUKPaHQLKLSVZPKPVTHZKLSWHxZKLHJV
NPKH!JHZ[LSSHUV`NHSSLNV7HYHLSSVZLYLHSPaHUHJ[P]PKHKLZKLPUTLYZP}USPUNxZ[PJHJVTV(9;,33(
46: JSHZLZ KL HY[LZHUxH ` THU\HSPKHKLZ ,+<*6*0j( JSHZLZ KL JVJPUH LZWH|VSH ` NHSSLNH `
,479,.(+':IZX\LKHHJ[P]HKLLTWSLV
7YVTV]LY SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL Q}]LULZ LU SHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ KL SH 65.4LZ[\YH :\ PU]VS\JYHJP}U LZ
PTWYLZJPUKPISLLULS[YHIHQVKPHYPVKLSHVYNHUPaHJP}ULUYPX\LJPtUKVSV`MVTLU[HUKVLSHWYLUKPaHQL
PU[LYJ\S[\YHSLPU[LYNLULYHJPVUHS
*HW[HY`ZLUZPIPSPaHYHWLYZVUHZ]VS\U[HYPHZWHYHKHYHWV`VHSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZKLZLUZPIPSPaHJP}UKLSH
65.X\LMVTLU[LU]HSVYLZKLPN\HSKHK`[VSLYHUJPHOHJPHSHZWLYZVUHZTPNYHU[LZKLU[YVKLSJVU
[L_[VLK\JH[P]VLUWHY[PJ\SHY`WHYHSHZVJPLKHKLUNLULYHS:LYLHSPaHUYLWYLZLU[HJPVULZKL[x[LYLZ
ZLZPVULZKLT\ZPJV[LYHWPHSLJ[\YHKLTHUPÄLZ[VZLUMLJOHZZL|HSHKHZL[J
*YLHYLZWHJPVZKLLUJ\LU[YVZVJPHSPaHJP}ULPU[LYJHTIPVKLL_WLYPLUJPHZLU[YLSHWVISHJP}UQ\]LUPS
SVJHS`TPNYHU[LZJVULSVIQL[P]VKLLTWVKLYHYHSTV]PTPLU[VQ\]LUPSJVTVWHY[LHJ[P]HKLSHZVJPL
KHK`TV[VYKLJHTIPV
6MYLJLY\UYLM\LYaVLK\JH[P]VWHYHUP|VZÙP|HZKLLK\JHJP}UWYPTHYPHWLY[LULJPLU[LZHMHTPSPHZLU
ZP[\HJP}UKL]\SULYHIPSPKHK7HYHSLSHTLU[LZLIYPUKHHSHZMHTPSPHZ\UZLY]PJPVKLH[LUJP}UPU[LNYHS
LUZHS\KMxZPJH`VLTVJPVUHSH[YH]tZKLHJ[P]PKHKLZNY\WHSLZLPUKP]PK\HSLZJVTV[HSSLYLZJOHYSHZ
HJVTWH|HTPLU[VZL[J
4.3. Fomento de la igualdad de género
,SKLYLJOVHSHUVKPZJYPTPUHJP}U`LSWYPUJPWPVKLPN\HSKHKKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZLU[YLOVTIYLZ`T\QLYLZ
LZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLUSH[V[HSPKHKKLSVZWYV`LJ[VZKL65.4LZ[\YH`ZVU\ULQLWYPVYP[HYPVKL[YHIHQV
(SN\UVZLQLTWSVZ!
-HJPSP[HYSHJVUJPSPHJP}UKLSH]PKHWLYZVUHS`SHIVYHSKLSHZWLYZVUHZX\LWHY[PJPWHULUSVZWYV`LJ[VZ
KLSH6YNHUPaHJP}U
=LSHYWVYSHPTWSLTLU[HJP}UKLTLKPKHZKLKPZJYPTPUHJP}UWVZP[P]HOHJPHSHZT\QLYLZLZWLJPHSTLU[L
HHX\LSSHZJVUJHYNHZMHTPSPHYLZUVJVTWHY[PKHZ
(JOV[LN\P1 4PNYHJP}U`ZHS\KTLU[HS,SZxUKYVTLKLSPUTPNYHU[LJVULZ[YtZJY}UPJV`TS[PWSL
ZxUKYVTLKL<SPZLZAbendua.
(*5<99LM\NPHKVZ=xJ[PTHZKLSHPU[VSLYHUJPH
(*5<93HZP[\HJP}UKLSVZYLM\NPHKVZLULST\UKV,UI\ZJHKLSHMLSPJPKHK
(*5<9;LUKLUJPHZ.SVIHSLZ+LZWSHaHTPLU[VMVYaHKVLU
*YH^MVYK,;\YWPU45H`HY::,;OLZ[Y\J[\YHSWLYZVUHSPU[LYHJ[PVU!6JJ\WH[PVUHSKLWYP]H[PVU
HUKHZ`S\TZLLRLYZPU(\Z[YHSPHJournal Occupational Science.
+xLa9xVZ5(WYV_PTHJP}UJYx[PJHHSHZVJ\WHJPVULZKLWLYZVUHZYLM\NPHKHZLU,ZWH|HKLZKL
SH WLYZWLJ[P]H KL WYVMLZPVUHSLZ! WYV`LJ[V KL PU]LZ[PNHJP}U JVTV JVU[YPI\JP}U H KLZHMxVZ ZVJPHSLZ
9LJ\WLYHKV H WHY[PY KL O[[WZ!Y\J\KJLZKZWHJLIP[Z[YLHTOHUKSL+PLa9xVZF5LYLHF
;-.FWKM&ZLX\LUJL$ PZ(SSV^LK$`
,\YVWLHU*VTTPZZPVU,\YVWLHU,JVUVTPJ-VYLJHZ[European Union9LJ\WLYHKVHWHY[PYKL
O[[W!LJL\YVWHL\LJVUVT`FÄUHUJLL\MVYLJHZ[ZFH\[\TUFMVYLJHZ[(FLUO[T
-VYaHKH3(4*HZ[SLZ: 4VYmU39(WVSx[PJHPU[LYUHJPVUHSKLSHTPNYHJP}UMVYaHKH
.VYKLURLY3 9LM\NLLPU0U[LYUH[PVUHS7VSP[PJZBeckenham.
0U[LYUH[PVUHS6YNHUPaH[PVUMVY4PNYH[PVUZM0U[LYUH[PVUHS4PNYH[PVU/LHS[OHUK/\THU9PNO[Z
5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ *VU]LUJP}UZVIYLLS,Z[H[\[VKLSVZ9LM\NPHKVZ189
65.4LZ[\YH,Z[H[\[VZKLSH(ZVJPHJP}U65.4,:;<9(WHYHSHPU[LNYHJP}UZVJPHKLWLYZVUHZ
PUTPNYHU[LZ`LTPNYHU[LZ
65.4LZ[\YH4LTVYPHCentro de Datos9LJ\WLYHKVHWHY[PYKLO[[W!^^^KH[VZKLSHUaH
YV[LJVTP[LT+L[HSSLZHZW&PK-HTPSPH$ PK0[LT$
6YNHUPaHJP}U 4\UKPHS KL SH ZHS\K *HY[H KL 6[[H^H WHYH SH WYVTVJP}U KL SH ZHS\K *VUMLYLU
JPH 0U[LYUHJPVUHS ZVIYL SH 7YVTVJP}U KL SH :HS\K .PULIYH O[[WZ!KVPVYN
*)6
6YNHUPaHJP}U 4\UKPHS KL SH ZHS\K :\IZHUHY SHZ KLZN\HSKHKLZ LU \UH NLULYHJP}U (SJHUaHY SH
LX\PKHKZHUP[HYPHHJ[\HUKVZVIYLSVZKL[LYTPUHU[LZZVJPHSLZKLSHZHS\KGlobal Health Promotion
9LJ\WLYHKVHWHY[PYKLO[[W!^^^ÔVPU[
>OP[LMVYK . , 6JJ\WH[PVUHS +LWYP]H[PVU HUK 0UJHYJLYH[PVU Journal of Occupational Science:
Australia4O[[WZ!KVPVYN
>VSM39PWH[1+H]PZ,)LJRLY741ZM(WWS`PUNHUVJJ\WH[PVUHSQ\Z[PJLMYHTL^VYR12

Tamara Bouzas Lampón
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
Desarrollo Humano
[HTHYHIV\aHZSHTWVU'NTHPSJVT en la Vejez y Educación
Irene Santos Almeira
<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNV para la Salud:
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
HSTLPYHZHU[VZPYLUL'NTHPSJVT
Un Nicho de Empleo
Interdisciplinar
Introducción
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKLU[VKVZSVZWHxZLZKLZHYYVSSHKVZLS
WVYJLU[HQLKLWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZLZHS[VWVYSVX\LYLZ\S[H
JSHYHSHPTWVY[HUJPHX\LSHZWLYZVUHZKLLKHKH]HUaHKH
[PLULULUSHZVJPLKHK`[LUKYmULULSM\[\YVPUTLKPH[VHSH
]PZ[HKLSHZWYV`LJJPVULZKLWVISHJP}U
(U[L LZ[L WHUVYHTH `H UV Z}SV LZ PTWVY[HU[L [LULY
ZHS\K ZPUV [HTIPtU LZ[HY IPLU LK\JHKV WHYH [LULY \U
}W[PTVLZ[HKVKLZHS\K\UHJ\LZ[P}UX\LH]LJLZW\LKL
WHZHY KLZHWLYJPIPKH WLYV X\L LZ M\UKHTLU[HS WHYH SH
ZVJPLKHK*\HUKVOHISHTVZKL,K\JHJP}UWHYHSH:HS\K
UVZ YLMLYPTVZ HS WYVJLZV ZVJPHS X\L PTWSPJH [YHUZTPZP}U
YLJYLHJP}UJYLHJP}U`HWYVWPHJP}UKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VJVU
SHPU[LUJP}UKLMVTLU[HY`WYLZLY]HYSHZHS\KHZxJVTVSH
WYL]LUJP}U KL WYVISLTHZ ` LUMLYTLKHKLZ X\L KPÄJ\S[HU
LSKLZHYYVSSVKL\UH]PKHZHS\KHISL`X\LPUJS\ZVW\LKLU
SSL]HYUVZHSHT\LY[LWYLTH[\YHTLU[L=PSSHZL|VY
*VUJLW[\HY ` KPTLUZPVUHY KL THULYH YLHSPZ[H LZ[L
IPUVTPV,K\JHJP}U:HS\KUVSLYLZ[HPTWVY[HUJPH"HSJVU
[YHYPVUVZWLYTP[L]LY`HUHSPaHYKLTHULYHTmZJVUZJPLU
[L SVZ TVKLSVZ LK\JH[P]VZ X\L KPÄJ\S[HYxHU V MHJPSP[HYxHU
LS KLZHYYVSSV KL Z\ ]LYKHKLYV WV[LUJPHS WHYH LS JHTIPV
,K\JHYWHYHSHZHS\KJVTVWYVJLZVNY\WHSHJ[P]VKLLUZL
|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQL I\ZJH NLULYHY SVZ LSLTLU[VZ ULJLZH
YPVZWHYHWYVWPJPHYX\LZLHZ\THLUSVPUKP]PK\HS`LUSV
JVSLJ[P]V\UHJVUJPLUJPHZVJPHS\UHWVZ[\YHYLÅL_P]HJYx
[PJH`JYLH[P]H`LSLQLYJPJPVKL\UHWYmJ[PJH[YHUZMVYTHKVYH
KLSWYVJLZVZHS\KLUMLYTLKHK
3VX\LHX\xWYL[LUKLTVZLZYLHSPaHY\UHIYL]LHWYV_P
THJP}UHSJVUJLW[VKLZHS\K`HSH[PWVSVNxHL_PZ[LU[LWHYH
HZx]PUJ\SHYLS[tYTPUVJVUSHWVISHJP}UTH`VY`K\YHU[LLS
WYVJLZVKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[V7HY[PLUKVKLLZ[HIHZLYLSH
JPVUHTVZSVZJVUJLW[VZJVUSHLK\JHJP}UWHYHSHZHS\KH
ÄUKLWVKLYYLÅLQHYSHPTWVY[HUJPHX\LtZ[H[PLULUVZ}SV
LU SVZ NLYVU[LZ ZPUV LU SH WVISHJP}U LU NLULYHS HS ZLY
JVUZJPLU[LZKLSHULJLZPKHKX\LL_PZ[LKLLZ[HYKV[HKV
KLJVUVJPTPLU[VZ]P[HSLZX\LW\LKLUKHYJHSPKHKKL]PKHH
SVZH|VZ7HYHLSSVLZULJLZHYPVYLÅLQHYLSWHWLSX\L[PLULU
SVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZWHYHKV[HYHSVZZ\QL[VZKLKPJOHMVYTH
JP}U WVY SV X\L YLZHS[HTVZ SH JYLHJP}U KL SVZ LX\PWVZ
T\S[PKPZJPWSPUHYLZULJLZHYPVZWHYH[HSÄUJLYYHUKVU\LZ[YV
[YHIHQVJVUSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZX\LK\YHU[L[VKHLZ[HSHIVY
OLTVZVI[LUPKV
El desarrollo humano y el proceso de envejecimiento
:LOHUW\LZ[VKLTHUPÄLZ[VKP]LYZVZ[tYTPUVZ`JVUJLW[VZZVIYLLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VKLUVTIYL`JVU
UV[HJP}UKPMLYLU[L"`HJYP[LYPVKLHSN\UVZPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ04:,9:6"9VKYxN\LaSHTH`VYxH
ZVUJVUJLW[VZULNH[P]VZX\L]HYxHUKLZKLSH]PZP}UWH[VS}NPJHKLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJVUJLW[VZUL\[YVZ
X\L PUJS\`LU LU]LQLJPTPLU[V WYPTHYPV V ÄZPVS}NPJV ` UVYTHS \ V[YHZ YLMLYPKHZ HS LU]LQLJPTPLU[V WVZP[P]V
VLSLU]LQLJLYIPLU®HNPUN^LSS®X\LLZ\UHL_WYLZP}UJVTU\[PSPaHKHWVYSVZUVWYVMLZPVUHSLZJVTV
ZPU}UPTVKL\UJVUQ\U[VKLL[PX\L[HZ]LYIHSLZX\LLUSHSP[LYH[\YHJPLU[xÄJHZLH[YPI\`LUH\UH[YH`LJ[VYPH
WVZP[P]H KLS LU]LQLJPTPLU[V ZHS\KHISL L_P[VZV JVTWL[LU[L }W[PTV ]P[HS HJ[P]V V WYVK\J[P]V -LYUmU
KLa)HSSLZ[LYVZ4VSPUH:JOL[[PUP`:HU[HJYL\,UVWPUP}UKLLZ[VZH\[VYLZZVU[tYTPUVZHZVJPHKVZ
HJVUJLW[VZT\S[PKPTLUZPVUHSLZJVU]HYPHKVZUP]LSLZ`YLMLYPKVZH\UHMVYTHWVZP[P]HKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHS
WYVWVULYSHHWLY[\YHH\UU\L]VWHYHKPNTHLUSHNLYVU[VSVNxHIHZHKVLULSYL[YHZVKLSHZLULZJLUJPHSH
JVTWYLZP}UKLTVYIPSPKHK`TVY[HSPKHKSHKP]LYZPKHKKLSHZMVYTHZKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[V`SHWSHZ[PJPKHKKL
SHUH[\YHSLaHO\THUH
,SKLZHYYVSSVO\THUVZLKLÄULJVTV\UWYVJLZVJVU[PU\VKVUKLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZIPVS}NPJHZWZPJV
S}NPJHZ`ZVJPVJ\S[\YHSLZWYVK\JLULSJYLJPTPLU[V`LSH]HUJLZVJPHS9VKYxN\La`LULZ[LZLU[PKV
JVTVWHY[LKLLZLKLZHYYVSSVZLLUSHaHSHHJLWJP}UKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[V,SX\LZLHUYLJVUVJPKVZJVTV
\U WYVJLZV JVU[PU\V KL[LYTPUH X\L SHZ L[HWHZ HU[LYPVYLZ JVUKPJPVUHU SHZ Z\JLZP]HZ (Zx LS KLZHYYVSSV
O\THUVLZ\UWYVJLZVKLYLSHJPVULZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ`SVUNP[\KPUHSLZJVULSVIQL[P]VKLH\TLU[HYSHJHSPKHK
KL]PKH`WV[LUJPHYSHTHK\YLaKLSHZWLYZVUHZ.YPѝU+LTVKVX\LLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VUV[PLUL
\UJVTPLUaVKLÄUPKVUP[LYTPUHTPLU[YHZ]P]LLSPUKP]PK\V`SH]LQLaLZ\ULZ[HKVJHYHJ[LYPaHKVLUJHKH
J\S[\YHWVYYHZNVZVJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZIPVWZPJVZVJPHSLZ
/H`KVZ[PWVZKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VLUWYLZLUJPHVH\ZLUJPHKLSHLUMLYTLKHK"LSKLUVTPUHKVÄZPVS}NPJV
y el patológico, X\LUVZPLTWYLZVUMmJPSTLU[LKPMLYLUJPHISLZKLZKLSHNLYPH[YxHJSxUPJH9VKYxN\La,S
LU]LQLJPTPLU[VÄZPVS}NPJVWLYTP[L\UHI\LUHOVTLVZ[HZPZVHKHW[HJP}UHSTLKPVHTIPLU[L`LSWH[VS}NPJV
Z\WVULX\LHWHYLJLUHSN\UHZKLSHZKLUVTPUHKHZLUMLYTLKHKLZVZxUKYVTLZWYVWPVZKLSH]LQLaX\LUV
ZVUV[YHZX\LSVZWYVJLZVZKLNLULYH[P]VZVZP[\HJPVULZJSxUPJHZJVT\ULZ`KLJH\ZHKP]LYZHX\LKLYP]HU
LU\UHPYYLN\SHYL]VS\JP}UM\UJPVUHSX\LKPÄJ\S[HSHHKHW[HJP}UHSTLKPVKLSHWLYZVUHTH`VY3}WLa
La Educación Permanente o Educación a lo Largo de la Vida en gerontes
3VZ HU[LJLKLU[LZ KL LZ[L JVUJLW[V ZVU YLSH[P]HTLU[L YLJPLU[LZ M\L LU SVZ H|VZ ZLZLU[H J\HUKV
ZLLTWPLaHWVJVHWVJVLUSH<UP}U,\YVWLHHOHISHYKLSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKH+LZ[HJHLU
;V\SV\ZL SHWYPTLYHNLULYHJP}UKLWYVNYHTHZZVJPVLK\JH[P]VZWHYHWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZ,U,ZWH|H
`7VY[\NHSLZ[LWYVJLZVLZKLÄUHSLZKLSZPNSV??HSWVULYZLLUM\UJPVUHTPLU[VSHZWYPTLYHZ(\SHZKLSH
;LYJLYH,KHK`T\S[P[\KKL7YVNYHTHZ<UP]LYZP[HYPVZWHYH4H`VYLZX\L[HTIPtUZL[YHUZMVYTHYVUK\YHU[L
LSU\L]VTPSLUPVWHYHNLULYHY\UHMVYTHJP}UZLUPVYHKHW[HKHHS,ZWHJPV,\YVWLVKL,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVY
HWHY[PYKLSH+LJSHYHJP}UKL)VSVUPHLULSH|V ,SPZLV
3H,K\JHJP}U7LYTHULU[LV,K\JHJP}UHSVSHYNVKLSH=PKHKLZLTWL|H\UHM\UJP}UPU[LNYHKVYH`ZPN
UPÄJH[P]HLUSHZWLYZVUHZKLLKHKZPLUKV\U[YHUZJ\YZVJVU[PU\VKLMVYTHJP}UX\LZLL_[PLUKLHSVSHYNV
KLZ\JPJSV]P[HS3HHJ[P]PKHKLK\JH[P]HHKLJ\HKHH[VKVZSVZYHUNVZKLLKHKLZLZ\UWYVJLZVHJJLZPISL
ZPLTWYLX\LLSLK\JHUKVKPZJLU[LKLZLLTLQVYHYJVUVJPTPLU[VZKLZ[YLaHZHJ[P[\KLZJVTWVY[HTPLU[VZ
JVTWL[LUJPHZ VYPLU[HKVZ H MH]VYLJLY LS WLYMLJJPVUHTPLU[V WLYZVUHS HZx JVTV SH WHY[PJPWHJP}U ZVJPHS
:HYYH[L`7tYLa:LOHJVU]LY[PKVLU\UOLJOV[YHUZJLUKLU[HSLPUKPZWLUZHISLWVYX\LSVZZ\QL[VZ
ZVUWYV[HNVUPZ[HZKLZ\WYVWPHLK\JHJP}UMVYTHJP}U`HWYLUKPaHQL7VY[HU[VHSOHISHYKL\UHWYLUKPaHQL
WLYTHULU[L3PYPVZLYLÄYPLYLHX\LHIHYX\L[VKHZSHZKPTLUZPVULZNLULYHSLZKLPU[LY]LUJP}U `JVU
[L_[VZZLHÅL_PISL`KP]LYZVLU[tJUPJHZLK\JH[P]HZ`ZPNUPÄJH[P]VWHYHSHWLYZVUHHSJVULJ[HYL_WLYPLUJPHZ
PU[LYLZLZ`LUZL|HUaHZWYL]PHZ,ULZ[LHWYLUKLYKLZJYP[VSH.LYVU[VSVNxHUVZVMYLJLU\UH]PZP}UZVIYLLS
LU]LQLJPTPLU[V`SHZWLYZVUHZX\LSV]P]LUJPHUTmZHJVYKLJVUSVZ[PLTWVZKLOV`:LWYL[LUKLJHTPUHY
OHJPH\ULU]LQLJPTPLU[VHJ[P]VJVUTH[PJLZKLJVY[LZVJPVLK\JH[P]V`ZHUP[HYPV
7HYH JYLHY \U WYVJLZV KL LUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQL HJVYKL JVU SH ULJLZPKHK KL H[LUKLY H [VKHZ SHZ KPTLUZPVULZ KLS
ZLY O\THUV 0U[LSLJ[\HSPKHK! PU[LSPNLUJPHJVNUPJP}U $ WLUZHY =VS\U[HK]VSP[P]H $ X\LYLY (MLJ[P]VLTVJPVUHS $ ZLU[PY
6WLYH[P]HPU[LUJPVUHS$LSLNPYÒHJLY7YV`LJ[P]HTVYHS$KLJPKPY`HJ[\HY`*YLH[P]H$JYLHYLUSHJVUÄN\YHJP}UKLSZLY
O\THUVX\LYLHSPaHZ\WYV`LJ[VKL]PKH
Salud, educación para la salud y personas mayores
,SH\TLU[VKLSHLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHWSHU[LHSHJ\LZ[P}UHJLYJHKLZPtZ[HLZWLYHUaHKL]PKHTmZSHYNH
YLZ\S[HLUH\TLU[HYTmZH|VZKL]PKHJVUI\LUHZHS\KVZPWVYLSJVU[YHYPVZLHZVJPHJVU\UHTH`VY
TVYIPSPKHK`TmZH|VZ]P]PKVZJVUKPZJHWHJPKHK`WYVSVUNHKHKLWLUKLUJPH
3HZHS\KZLNUSH6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K64:LZ\ULZ[HKVJVTWSL[VIPLULZ[HY
MxZPJVTLU[HS`ZVJPHSÙVZVSHTLU[LSHH\ZLUJPHKLHMLJJPVULZ,Z[HKLÄUPJP}ULZLSYLZ\S[HKVKL\UH
L]VS\JP}UJVUJLW[\HSX\LYLLTWSHaH\UHUVJP}USPULHSYLMLYPKHHSHH\ZLUJPHKLLUMLYTLKHKLZIPVS}NPJHZ
ZPNUVZ`ZxU[VTHZ3SLNHKVZSVZH|VZJPUJ\LU[HSH64:SHYLLTWSHa}WVYSHUVJP}UKLIPLULZ[HYO\THUV
X\L [YHUZJPLUKL SV TLYHTLU[L MxZPJV HS YLJVUVJLY X\L ZVTVZ LU [LTH KL ZHS\K \UH LU[PKHK IPVWZP
JVZVJPHS LTVJPVUHS ` LZWPYP[\HS ( LZ[H ZLN\UKH KLÄUPJP}U SH 6YNHUPaHJP}U 7HUHTLYPJHUH KL SH :HS\K
HWVY[}S\LNV\UKH[VTmZ!¸SHZHS\K[HTIPtU[PLULX\L]LYJVULSTLKPVHTIPLU[LX\LYVKLHHSHWLYZVUH¹
4VYLUVW
,USHHJ[\HSPKHKZLW\LKLUPKLU[PÄJHYTS[PWSLZ[PWVZKLZHS\KWLYV[VKVZLSSVZNPYHULU[VYUVHJ\H[YV
WYPUJPWHSLZISVX\LZ!
Salud física! ]PUJ\SHKH JVU SH JHWHJPKHK KL \UH WLYZVUH KL THU[LULY LS PU[LYJHTIPV ` YLZVS]LY
¾
SHZ WYVW\LZ[HZ X\L ZL WSHU[LH ,Z[V ZL L_WSPJH WVY SH OPZ[VYPH KL HKHW[HJP}U HS TLKPV X\L [PLUL
LS OVTIYL WVY SV X\L Z\Z LZ[HKVZ KL ZHS\K V LUMLYTLKHK UV W\LKLU LZ[HY HS THYNLU KL LZH
PU[LYHJJP}U9VKYxN\La
Salud mental! LS YLUKPTPLU[V }W[PTV KLU[YV KL SHZ JHWHJPKHKLZ X\L WVZLL YLSHJPVUHKHZ JVU LS
¾
mTIP[VX\LSHYVKLH3HZHS\KYHKPJHLULSLX\PSPIYPVKLSHWLYZVUHJVUZ\LU[VYUVKLLZLTVKV
SVX\LSLPTWSPJH\UHWVZPIPSPKHKKLYLZVS\JP}UKLSVZJVUÅPJ[VZX\LSLHWHYLJLU)LY[VSV[L
Salud social!YLWYLZLU[H\UHJVTIPUHJP}UKLSHZKVZHU[LYPVYLZ!LUSHTLKPKHX\LLSOVTIYLW\LKH
¾
JVU]P]PYJVU\ULX\PSPIYPVWZPJVKPUmTPJVJVUZH[PZMHJJP}UKLZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZ`[HTIPtUJVUZ\Z
HZWPYHJPVULZNVaHKLZHS\KZVJPHS9VQHZ
Salud emocional!0KLU[PÄJHKHJVTV\UHWHY[LKLSIPLULZ[HYNLULYHSJ\HUKVYLZWVUKLTVZH¦J}TV
¾
[LZPLU[LZ&¦X\tWPLUZHZ&`¦J}TVHJ[HZ&LZKLJPYOH`LZ[HKVZLTVJPVUHSLZX\LHÅPNLUÙ\[YLU
U\LZ[YHZHS\K.\[PtYYLa
3H64:LU KLÄUxH`HSHLK\JHJP}UZHUP[HYPHJVTVHX\LSSHX\LPUK\JLHSHZWLYZVUHZHHKVW[HY`
THU[LULYJVZ[\TIYLZWHYH\UH]PKHZHUH\[PSPaHYYHaVUHISLTLU[LSVZZLY]PJPVZZHUP[HYPVZW\LZ[VZHZ\KPZ
WVZPJP}U`H[VTHYKLJPZPVULZPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]HTLU[LWHYHTLQVYHYZ\LZ[HKVKLZHS\K`LSKLSTLKPV
LUX\LOHIP[HU(ZxKLJPTVZX\LSHLK\JHJP}UZHUP[HYPHZLKPYPNLHWYVTV]LYLZ[PSVZKL]PKHZHS\KHISLZ
OmIP[VZJVZ[\TIYLZJVTWVY[HTPLU[VZHWHY[PYKLSHZULJLZPKHKLZLZWLJxÄJHZKLPUKP]PK\VZMHTPSPHZ`V
comunidades.
:LNU SH *VUZ[P[\JP}U ,ZWH|VSH UVYTH ImZPJH KLS VYKLUHTPLU[V Q\YxKPJV SH ,K\JHJP}U ` SH
:HS\K ZVU KVZ KLYLJOVZ M\UKHTLU[HSLZ X\L [LULTVZ SHZ WLYZVUHZ HY[xJ\SVZ ` YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L
(TIVZKLYLJOVZZLZ\Z[LU[HU`ZLKLZHYYVSSHULUKVZSL`LZVYNmUPJHZSH3L`6YNmUPJH KLKL
Q\SPVYLN\SHKVYHKLS+LYLJOVHSH,K\JHJP}U`3L`KLKLVJ[\IYL.LULYHSKL:HS\K7ISPJH
(ZxJVTVKLYLJOVZM\UKHTLU[HSLZSH,K\JHJP}ULUSH:HS\KKLILJVUZPKLYHYZLJVTV\ULSLTLU[V
T\`PTWVY[HU[LLUSHMVYTHJP}U[HU[VKLSVZPUKP]PK\VZJVTVKL[VKHSHZVJPLKHK[HU[VHUP]LSMVYTHSUV
MVYTHSJVTVPUMVYTHS,Z[LWYVJLZVMH]VYLJLYmX\LSHJHSPKHKKL]PKHKLSHZWLYZVUHZZLHTLQVYNLULYHU
KV\UHU\L]HJVUJPLUJPHZVJPVZHUP[HYPHTmZHJ[\HS`JVUZLJ\LU[LJVUSVZ[PLTWVZKLSZPNSV??0
Educación sociosanitaria en el campo gerontológico
3H,K\JHJP}UWHYHSH:HS\KLULSJVSLJ[P]VKLSHZWLYZVUHZTH`VYLZLZ\UHULJLZPKHKX\LUVZPLTWYL
ZL]PZPIPSPaHHKLJ\HKHTLU[LLUSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZKLSH]PKHJV[PKPHUHKLU\LZ[YVZNLYVU[LZ:PULTIHYNVLZ
M\UKHTLU[HSX\LZL[YHIHQLLUPUPJPH[P]HZMVYTH[P]HZKPYPNPKHZHVW[PTPaHYSHHSMHIL[PaHJP}UZHUP[HYPHWVYX\L
KLLSSVKLWLUKLYmZ\JHSPKHKKL]PKHIPLULZ[HY
3HZWLYZVUHZZVTVZYLZWVUZHISLZKLU\LZ[YHWYVWPHZHS\K`LUJVUJYL[VJVUTmZM\LYaHSVZHUJPHUVZ
ZVU\UNY\WVWVISHJPVUHS]\SULYHISLH[LUKPLUKVHS]VJHISVKLLU]LQLJPTPLU[VHU[LYPVYTLU[LTLUJPVUH
KV8\LKPZMY\[LUKL\UHI\LUHZHS\KKLWLUKLYmKL\UHZLYPLKLMHJ[VYLZPU[LYYLSHJPVUHKVZNLUt[PJVZ
ZVJPHSLZHTIPLU[HSLZLZ[PSVKL]PKH`ZVIYL[VKVHX\LSSVZHZWLJ[VZX\LWVYTLKPVKLSHLK\JHJP}U
ZLW\LKLUTVKPÄJHY.YHJPHZHSHPUMVYTHJP}U`HSHMVYTHJP}UJHKHWLYZVUHW\LKLNLZ[PVUHYZ\ZHS\K
WVYX\LZLYmUJVUVJLKVYLZKLSHZLUMLYTLKHKLZSVZYPLZNVZX\LSLZHTLUHaHU`[LUKYmUSHZOLYYHTPLU[HZ
`SVZTLKPVZHKLJ\HKVZÙLJLZHYPVZWHYHWVKLYPU[LY]LUPY(STPZTV[PLTWVHIHYJHSHZHJJPVULZLUJH
TPUHKHZHTVKPÄJHYSHZJVUKPJPVULZX\L[PLULUPTWHJ[VLUSVZKL[LYTPUHU[LZKLSHZHS\K7LYLH
,Z[LmTIP[VLK\JH[P]V[PLULSHÄUHSPKHKKLYLZWVUZHIPSPaHYHSHJP\KHKHUxHTmZHUJPHUHHJLYJHKLSH
KLMLUZHKLSHZHS\K[HU[VPUKP]PK\HSJVTVJVSLJ[P]H(KLTmZJVUZ[P[\`L\UHH[LUJP}UPU[LNYHSX\LLUNSVIHSH
HZPZ[LUJPHSHWYL]LUJP}USHHKHW[HJP}UZVJPHS`SHWYVTVJP}UZHUP[HYPH"LZKLJPYLZ\UPUZ[Y\TLU[V[YHUZ]LY
ZHSÙLJLZHYPVX\LKH\UHYLZW\LZ[HLÄJHaHSVZWYVISLTHZZHUP[HYPVZ-PN\LYVH=PSSHZL|VY`(SMHYV
7HYHHIVYKHYSH,K\JHJP}UWHYHSH:HS\KKLZKLSHYLHSPKHKLK\JH[P]H`ZHUP[HYPHZLKLILKLYLZWVUKLY
KLMVYTHJVOLYLU[LHSHZKPZ[PU[HZULJLZPKHKLZ`JHYLUJPHZKLJHKHPUKP]PK\V0N\HSTLU[LOH`X\L[LULY
LUJ\LU[HSVZLZJLUHYPVZLUSVZX\LZLLMLJ[HSHPU[LY]LUJP}ULK\JH[P]HHUP]LSSVJHS`Z\WYHUHJPVUHSWHYH
X\LSSLN\LH[VKHSHZVJPLKHKPUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[LKLSS\NHYLULSJ\HS]P]H
El equipo interdisciplinar potenciador de cambio entre áreas técnicas
3VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZHUP[HYPVZZVJPHSLZ`KLSHLK\JHJP}U[PLULU\UWHWLST\`PTWVY[HU[LLULSWYVJLZV
HZPZ[LUJPHSKLWYL]LUJP}U[YH[HTPLU[V`YLOHIPSP[HJP}ULULSmYLHKLSHZHS\K7HYHLSSVSVZ[tJUPJVZ[PLULU
X\LLZ[HYJHWHJP[HKVZJ\HSPÄJHKVZLPTWSPJHKVZLUZ\SHIVYWHYHKHYSVTLQVYKLZxTPZTVZ
=LYKLQV TLUJPVUHX\LLSYVSX\LHZ\TLLSLX\PWVPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYLZT\`JVTWSLQV:LYmUSVZ
YLZWVUZHISLZ KL HUHSPaHY SHZ ULJLZPKHKLZ KLZKL \UH WLYZWLJ[P]H IPVWZPJVZVJPHS KLÄUPY SVZ VIQL[P]VZ
ZLSLJJPVUHYSHZLZ[YH[LNPHZYLHSPaHYLSZLN\PTPLU[V`SHL]HS\HJP}UKLSWYVJLZVLK\JH[P]V7HYHX\LLZ[V
ZLHWVZPISLSHZM\UJPVULZZLYmUJVTWSLTLU[HYPHZWHYHX\LLS[YHIHQVLUYLKZLHLMLJ[P]V+LLZ[LTVKV
ZLYLHSPaHSHJVTWVZPJP}UKLSLX\PWVJHKH[tJUPJVHWVY[HZ\ZJVUVJPTPLU[VZLZWLJPHSPaHKVZ`LZWLJxÄJVZ
X\LZVUHKQ\U[VZKLSYLZ[V;VKVZSVZJVTWVULU[LZWHY[PJPWHU`ZVUYLZWVUZHISLZKLSHZKLJPZPVULZX\L
ZL [VTHU LU JVUZLUZV WVYX\L [VKVZ [PLULU HSNV X\L KLJPY ` KHU Z\ W\U[V KL ]PZ[H [tJUPJV KL MVYTH
JVTWHY[PKH,Z[VZLYmTmZMHJ[PISLZPL_PZ[L\UJVVYKPUHKVYX\LTVKLYLHSNY\WV`HZ\THLSSPKLYHaNV
,U.LYVU[VSVNxHSVZKPZ[PU[VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZZHUP[HYPVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLSHLK\JHJP}U`[YHIHQHKVYLZ
ZVJPHSLZPU[LYJHTIPHUPUMVYTHJP}UKL\UHTHULYHZPZ[LTm[PJHWHYHJYLHY`JVTWHY[PY\UHTL[VKVSVNxHKL
[YHIHQVJVTU,ULSNY\WVHJ[HUQ\U[VZWHYHHSJHUaHYSVZVIQL[P]VZJVT\ULZ3HMVYTHJP}UKLSLX\PWV
W\LKLZLY]HYPHISLWLYVLUtSZLW\LKLULUJVU[YHY!LSWLYZVUHSKL,UMLYTLYxH`H\_PSPHYLZ;YHIHQV:VJPHS
,K\JHJP}U:VJPHS;LYHWPH6J\WHJPVUHS4LKPJPUH7ZPJVSVNxH7LKHNVNxH-PZPV[LYHWPHLU[YLV[YVZ;VKVZ
LSSVZYLWLYJ\[LUKLMVYTHWVZP[P]HLUSVZTH`VYLZLUZ\ZMHTPSPHZ`LU[VYUVTmZJLYJHUV(ZxTPZTV
JVUZPKLYHTVZ X\L LZ[L LX\PWV LZ YLZWVUZHISL KLS JHTIPV WVYX\L WVZLLU SHZ OLYYHTPLU[HZ ULJLZHYPHZ
WHYHX\LLZ[VZLHWVZPISL
Conclusiones
/LTVZYLHSPaHKVKLMVYTHWYLJPZH`JSHYH\UHHWYV_PTHJP}UHSHPTWVY[HUJPHX\L[PLULLK\JHYHSVZ
TH`VYLZ`HSHWVISHJP}UNLULYHSLULSmYLHKLSHZHS\K`HX\LLZKL]P[HSPTWVY[HUJPHZLYWVY[HKVYLZKL
\UHZOLYYHTPLU[HZ`[tJUPJHZKLJVUVJPTPLU[VZX\LUVZH`\KLUHL]P[HYM\[\YHZJVTWSPJHJPVULZ
3SLNHKVZHLZ[LW\U[VHTVKVKLJVUJS\ZP}UYLHSPaHTVZ\UIYL]LYLZ\TLUKLSHPUMVYTHJP}UTmZ
YLSL]HU[LX\LOLTVZYLÅLQHKVLUSHZSxULHZHU[LYPVYLZ!,SJVUJLW[VKLZHS\KLZ\U[tYTPUVJVTWSLQVX\L
OHZPKVTVKPÄJHKVJVULSH]HUJLKLS[PLTWV`SHHTWSPHJP}UKLJVUVJPTPLU[VZWVYSVX\LZPLSMLU}TLUV
KLTVNYmÄJVKLSLU]LQLJPTPLU[VWVISHJPVUHSJVU[PUHHJLSLYmUKVZL`SVZLZ[\KPVZZVIYLLSMLU}TLUVKLSH
]LQLaZLHTWSxHULZ[L[tYTPUVHJHILWVYJVWHY\UTH`VYZPNUPÄJHKVKLSX\LOV`LU[LUKLTVZHSZLN\YH
TLU[LHIHYJHYU\L]VZJHTWVZKLHJ[\HJP}UPU[LYYLSHJPVUHKVZJVULSWYVJLZV
:PLUKVJVUZJPLU[LZKLX\LSHZHS\K`SHLK\JHJP}UZVUKLYLJOVZM\UKHTLU[HSLZWVYLSTLYVOLJOVKL
ZLYWLYZVUHZKLILTVZZLYJVUZJPLU[LZ[HTIPtUX\LSH,K\JHJP}UWHYHSH:HS\KLZ\ULSLTLU[VKL]P[HS
PTWVY[HUJPHLU[VKHZVJPLKHK`X\LUVZ}SVZLLUTHYJHLULSmTIP[VMVYTHSZPUVX\LH[YH]PLZHSVZSxTP[LZ
KLtZ[H[LUPLUKVX\LLZ[HYWYLZLU[LLU[VKVTVTLU[VLPUKLWLUKPLU[LTLU[LKLSLU[VYUVX\LUVZYVKLH
7HYHWVKLYSVNYHYLZ[HJHWHJPKHKKLLK\JHJP}UMVYTHJP}U`HWYLUKPaHQLLU[LUKLTVZM\UKHTLU[HSLZKVZ
LSLTLU[VZ!WVY\UHWHY[L[VKVPUKP]PK\VKLILZLYZ\QL[VHJ[P]VKLZ\WYVWPVHWYLUKLYWHYHZLYJVUZJPLU[LZ
KLSHPTWVY[HUJPHX\LLZ[HLK\JHJP}U[PLUL`WVKLYYLZWVUKLYKLTHULYHLÄJHaHSVZWYVISLTHZX\LZL
SLZW\LKHUWYLZLU[HY"WVYV[YVSHKVKLILYLZHS[HYZLLSWHWLSKLSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLSJHTWVX\L\ULU
JVUVJPTPLU[VZ`[tJUPJHZJYLHUKVLX\PWVZT\S[PKPZJPWSPUHYLZJHWHJLZKLHWVY[HYJVOLYLUJPH`LZ[Y\J[\YHH
SVZU\L]VZJVUVJPTPLU[VZX\LSHZVJPLKHKHKX\PLYLZVIYLSH,K\JHJP}UWHYHSH:HS\K
)LY[VSV[L149HxJLZKLSJVUJLW[VKLZHS\KTLU[HSWorldPsychiatry6
*\HKYHZ( 9V]PYH,*HYNHKLLUMLYTLKHKLUSHJVT\UPKHKH\[}UVTHKL*H[HS\|H\[PSPaHUKV
H|VZKL]PKHHQ\Z[HKVZWVYKPZJHWHJPKHKRevista Española de Salud Pública88
*VY[LZ.LULYHSLZ *VUZ[P[\JP}U,ZWH|VSH7\ISPJHKVLULS)6,KL KL+PJPLTIYLKL
9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!UV[PJPHZQ\YPKPJHZJVTIHZLFKH[VZ(KTPUJVUZ[P[\JPVUO[TS
,SPZLV 1 Educación permanente: los programas universitarios para mayores en España como
respuesta a una nueva realidad social. Revista de la Educación Superior
-LYUmUKLa)HSSLZ[LYVZ 9 4VSPUH 4 ( :JOL[[PUP 9 :HU[HJYL\ 4 ;OL :LTHU[PJ 5L[^VYR
VM (NPUN >LSS Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 33 KVP!

.YPѝU2!0U[YVK\JJP}U+LZHYYVSSV/\THUV!VYPNLUL]VS\JP}ULPTWHJ[V,U70IHYYH 2<UJL[H
Ensayos sobre el desarrollo humano WW)HYJLSVUH,ZWH|H!0JHYPH
.\[PtYYLa4VHY4¡* (ZLTVJP}UZKVLUMLYTV]LYZ\ZJVPKHKVYJHUKVL_PZ[L\UKPHNU}Z[PJVKL
(SaOLPTLY!I\ZJHUKVHZHKLLTVJPVUHS,UAHWPJV)HYILP[V4¡/ 6\[YVZ*VVYKZO Alzheimer
e outras demencias en Galicia: unha visión interdisciplinariaWW(*VY\|H!;V_VZV\[VZ
04:,9:6Libro Blanco del Envejecimiento Activo4HKYPK!4PUPZ[LYPVKL:HUPKHK7VSx[PJH:VJPHSL
0N\HSKHK:LJYL[HYxH.LULYHSKL7VSx[PJH:VJPHS`*VUZ\TVL0UZ[P[\[VKL4H`VYLZ`:LY]PJPVZ:VJPHSLZ
04:,9:6
3L`6YNmUPJH KLKLQ\SPVYLN\SHKVYHKLS+LYLJOVHSH,K\JHJP}U7\ISPJHKVLULS)6,UT
9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!^^ÎVLLZI\ZJHYHJ[WOW&PK$)6,(
3L`KLKLVJ[\IYL.LULYHSKL:HS\K7ISPJH7\ISPJHKVLULS)6,UT9LJ\WLYHKVKL
O[[WZ!^^ÎVLLZI\ZJHYHJ[WOW&PK$)6,( W$ [U$
3PYPV 1 3H .LYVU[VSVNxH LK\JH[P]H LU ,ZWH|H! 9LHSPKHK ZVJPVKLTVNYmÄJH ` JVUJLWJPVULZ KL
aprendizaje de los alumnos de la Universidad de mayores “José Saramago” de la Sede de Talavera de
la Reina de la Universidad de Castilla La Mancha;LZPZ+VJ[VYHS4HKYPK!<UP]LYZPKHK*VTWS\[LUZL
KL4HKYPK
3}WLa 1 4 /PW}[LZPZ KLS LU]LQLJPTPLU[V ,U 1 ÍS]HYLa ` 1 - 4HJxHZ ,KZ Dependencia en
Geriatría WW:HSHTHUJH!,KPJPVULZ<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HSHTHUJH
4VYLUV.(3HKLÄUPJP}UKLZHS\KKLSH6YNHUPaHJP}U4\UKPHSKLSH:HS\K`SHPU[LYKPZJPWSPUHYPL
dad. Sapiens. Revista Universitaria de Investigación9
6YNHUPaHJP}U 4\UKPHS KL SH :HS\K 64: Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
+VJ\TLU[VZImZPJVZZ\WSLTLU[VKLSHLKPJP}U9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!^^^ÔVPU[NV]LYUHUJL
LIÔVFJVUZ[P[\[PVUFZWWKM
7LYLH9La educación para la salud, reto de nuestro tiempo.,K\JHJP}U??
9VKYxN\La 2 + Vejez y envejecimiento. .Y\WV KL 0U]LZ[PNHJP}U LU HJ[P]PKHK MxZPJH ` KLZHYYV
SSVO\THUV+VJ\TLU[VKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U,ZJ\LSHKL4LKPJPUH`*PLUJPHZKLSHZHS\K)VNV[m
*VSVTIPH!,KP[VYPHS<UP]LYZPKHKKL9VZHYPV
9VKYxN\La73Salud física en los pacientes con trastornos depresivos: estudio naturalístico. (Tesis
+VJ[VYHS6]PLKV!<UP]LYZPKHKKL6]PLKV
9VQHZ - ,S JVTWVULU[L ZVJPHS KL SH ZHS\K WISPJH LU LS ZPNSV ??0 Revista Cubana de
Salud Pública 30 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[W!ZJPLSVZSKJ\ZJPLSVWOW&ZJYPW[$ZJPFHY[[L_[ WP
K$: SUN$LZ [SUN$W[.
:HYYH[L4¡3 7tYLa4¡=Educación de personas adultas: Situación actual y propuestas de
futuro. Revista de Educación
=LYKLQV)YH]V* El equipo interdisciplinar como metodología de trabajo,U149PILYH*HZHKV 7
.PS.YLNVYPV,KZAtención al anciano en el medio sanitarioWW 4HKYPK!,KP[VYLZ4tKPJVZ:(
=HSHKLa0=PSSHZL|VY4 (SMHYV5). Educación para la Salud: la importancia del concepto. Revista
de Educación y Desarrollo
=maX\La4(Estereotipos y autoestereotipos ante el envejecimiento y la vejez;LZPZ+VJ[VYHS
=PNV!<UP]LYZPKHKKL=PNV
=PSSHZL|VY4,K\JHYWHYHSHZHS\K!YL[VKL[VKVZRevista de Educación y Desarrollo
)250$5)250$'25(6
Eva M. Barreira Cerqueiras
+LWHY[HTLU[VKL7LKHNV_xH
L+PKmJ[PJH<:*
O Curso de
0U[LNYHU[LKV.Y\WVKL,Z[\KVZ
LU-VYTHJP}UL0UZLYJP}U3HIVYHS Especialización en
Formación Pedagóxica
.,-03KH<UP]LYZPKHKL
KL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
L]HTHYPHIHYYLPYH'\ZJLZ
Laura Rego-Agraso
+LWHY[HTLU[VKL7LKHNV_xH
e Didáctica do
L+PKmJ[PJH<+*
*VSHIVYHKVYHKV.Y\WV Profesorado Técnico de
KL,Z[\KVZLU-VYTHJP}U
L0UZLYJP}U3HIVYHS.,-03
KH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV
Formación
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
SH\YHYLNV'\ZJLZ 7YVMLZPVUHS!7LYÄSKL
Acceso do Alumnado1
The Specialization
Couse in Pedagogic and
Educational Training
of Technical Teachers
of Vocational Training:
(JJLZZ7YVÄSLVM7\WPSZ
RESUMO
(VSVUNVKVJ\YZVHJHKtTPJVKLZLU]VS
]L\ZLVCurso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxi-
ca e Didáctica do Profesorado Técnico de Formación Pro-
fesional, \UOH MVYTHJP}U UHJPKH UV ZLV KH JVSHIVYHJP}U
LU[YLV.Y\WV.LÄSWLY[LUJLU[Lm<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PH
NVKL*VTWVZ[LSHLH*VUZLSSLYxHKL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}U
L6YKLUHJP}U<UP]LYZP[HYPH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH,Z[LJ\YZV
UHJL JV VI_LJ[P]V LZLUJPHS KL KHY YLZWVZ[H mZ KLTHU
KHZKVJVSLJ[P]VKL[P[\SHKVZ;tJUPJVZLU-7X\LKHKHH
ZH[YH_LJ[VYPHMVYTH[P]HL[P[\SHJP}UUVUWVKL[LYHJJLZV
HV4mZ[LYKL-VYTHJP}UKV7YVMLZVYHKVKL:LJ\UKHYPHL
-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSYLX\PZP[VPUKPZWLUZHISLWHYHWVKLY
HJJLKLYmKVJLUJPHUVZPZ[LTHWISPJVLWYP]HKVKLLK\
JHJP}U5HWYLZLU[LJVT\UPJHJP}UHUHSPaHTVZVWYVJLZV
KLJYLHJP}UKLZ[L*\YZVHZxJVTVVWLYÄSKLHJJLZVKV

,Z[H JVT\UPJHJP}U JVTWSLTtU[HZL JVU V\[YV [YHIHSSV WYLZLU
[HKV H LZ[L *VUNYLZV! ¸7LYJLWJP}U KLS M\[\YV WYVMLZVYHKV [tJ
UPJV KL MVYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS ZVIYL Z\ MVYTHJP}U WLKHN}NPJH
`KPKmJ[PJH¹

HS\TUHKVH[LUKLUKVHVZKH[VZHWVY[HKVZWVSVPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLH]HSPHJP}UJYLHKVad hoc para este Curso
KL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U
Palabras chave: -VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSMVYTHJP}UKVWYVMLZVYHKVKLZL|VKLWYVNYHTHZMVYTH[P]VZ
ABSTRACT
+\YPUN[OLHJHKLTPJ`LHY[OL:WLJPHSPaH[PVU*V\YZLPU7LKHNVNPJHUK,K\JH[PVUHS;YHPU
PUN VM ;LJOUPJHS ;LHJOLYZ VM =VJH[PVUHS ;YHPUPUN ^HZ KL]LSVWLK H [YHPUPUN IVYU MYVT [OL JVSSHIVYH[PVU
IL[^LLU[OL.LÄS.YV\WILSVUNPUN[V[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSHHUK[OL+LWHY[TLU[VM
*\S[\YL,K\JH[PVUHUK<UP]LYZP[`6YNHUPaH[PVU?\U[HKL.HSPJPH;OPZJV\YZLOHZ[OLLZZLU[PHSVIQLJ[P]LVM
YLZWVUKPUN[V[OLKLTHUKZVM[OLNYV\WVM[LJOUPJHSNYHK\H[LZPU=,;ÔPJOILJH\ZL[OLPY[YHPUPUNWH[O
HUKX\HSPÄJH[PVUJHUUV[HJJLZZ[OL;LHJOLY;YHPUPUNVM:LJVUKHY`:JOVVSHUK=VJH[PVUHS;YHPUPUN;OPZPZ
HUPUKPZWLUZHISLYLX\PYLTLU[[VILHISL[VHJJLZZ[LHJOPUNPU[OLW\ISPJHUKWYP]H[LLK\JH[PVUZ`Z[LT0U
[OPZWHWLY^LHUHS`ZL[OLWYVJLZZVMJYLH[PUN[OPZ*V\YZLHZ^LSSHZ[OLHJJLZZWYVÄSLVMZ[\KLU[Z[HRPUN
PU[VHJJV\U[[OLKH[HWYV]PKLKI`[OLL]HS\H[PVU[VVSJYLH[LKMVY[OPZ:WLJPHSPaH[PVU*V\YZL
Key Words: =VJH[PVUHS;YHPUPUN[LHJOLYZ[YHPUPUNKLZPNUVMMVYTH[P]LWYVNYHTTLZ
1. Introdución
(YLMVYTHLK\JH[P]HSL]HKHHJHIVLU,ZWH|HWVSHLei Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de maio, de Educación

36,LZ[HISLJLX\LWHYHJVU]LY[LYZLLUKVJLU[LKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS-7LU,ZWH|HZLYmWYLJPZV
KPZWV|LYHKLTHPZKH[P[\SHJP}UJVYYLZWVUKLU[LJVHWVZPIPSPKHKLKLOHIPSP[HYZLV\[YHZ[P[\SHJP}UZUVU\UP
]LYZP[HYPHZHLMLJ[VZKLKVJLUJPHWVYWHY[LKV.VILYUV¸HMVYTHJP}UWLKHN}_PJHLKPKmJ[PJHKLUP]LSKL
7VZNYHV¹HY[ 36,iKPJPYLZP_PYHZLHWVZ\xY\U;x[\SV6ÄJPHSKL4mZ[LY<UP]LYZP[HYPVX\LHJYLKP[LKP[H
MVYTHJP}UWLKHN}_PJHHY[ L 36,
5VUVIZ[HU[L[LUKVLUJVU[HX\LKL[LYTPUHKVZ;x[\SVZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSUVU[L|LUVZL\
YLMLYLU[L KL ºJVU[PU\PKHKL» UV :PZ[LTH <UP]LYZP[HYPV LZWH|VS UH disposición adicional primeira KH 36,
YLJV|tJLZLHWVZPIPSPKHKLKLHJYLKP[HYLZ[HMVYTHJP}UWLKHN}_PJHLKPKmJ[PJHWVY]xHZKLMVYTHJP}ULX\P
]HSLU[LZ L HS[LYUH[P]HZ HV 4mZ[LY ZVIYL [VKV H[LUKLUKV mZ ZP[\HJP}UZ KL KL[LYTPUHKVZ [P[\SHKVZ X\L
KLZL_HUKLKPJHYZLmKVJLUJPH
;LUKVLUJVU[HLZ[HZYLJVTLUKHJP}UZYLHSPaHKHZWVSHUVYTH[P]HLUTH[LYPHKLMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSKV
WYVMLZVYHKVLZHILUKVKHKLTHUKHKHMVYTHJP}UHS[LYUH[P]HWHYHHHJYLKP[HJP}UKPKmJ[PJHW_VZLLU
THYJOH V Curso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica do Profesorado Técnico de
Formación ProfesionalUH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
2. Aspectos lexislativos que rexen a organización da formación equivalente ao master universitario

para a formación inicial do profesorado en España
*VTVTLUJPVUHTVZJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLMVPH36,HUVYTH[P]HX\LLZ[HISLJL\HWVZPIPSPKHKLKLKL
ZL|HYMVYTHJP}ULX\P]HSLU[LmZLUZPUHUaHZKLTHZ[LYKLZ[PUHKHHHX\LSHS\TUHKVX\LWVYTV[P]VZKL
[P[\SHJP}UUVUWVPKHUHJJLKLYH\U4mZ[LYKLMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSKVWYVMLZVYHKV
5VHY[PNVKH6YKL,+<KLKLZL[LTIYVYLJ}SSLUZLVZYLX\PZP[VZX\LKLILJ\TWYPY
LZ[H[PWVSV_xHKLMVYTHJP}U(ZxUVX\LYLZWLJ[HmK\YHJP}UKLZ[HZLUZPUHUaHZKLJYtKP[VZL\YVWLVZ
ZLUKVJHKH\UOHKHZHKTPUPZ[YHJP}UZLK\JH[P]HZH\[VU}TPJHZHZX\LJVUJYL[LUKP[HK\YHJP}UWHYHVZL\
mTIP[V[LYYP[VYPHS[LUKVLUJVU[HVZ4}K\SVZ?LUtYPJVL,ZWLJxÄJVX\LZLLZWLJPÄJHUUVANEXO II da
JP[HKH6YKL
(TVKHSPKHKLKLPTWHY[PJP}UKLZ[HMVYTHJP}UWVKLYmZLYWYLZLUJPHSV\HKPZ[HUJPH5HWYPTLPYHKHZ
TVKHSPKHKLZZLYmUWYLZLUJPHPZVZLZ[\KVZX\LZLJVYYLZWVUKHUJV7YHJ[PJ\TLWVSVTLUVZVKVZ
JYtKP[VZ[V[HPZ5VJHZVKHTVKHSPKHKLHKPZ[HUJPHVZUPJVZLZ[\KVZX\LKLILYmUZLYWYLZLUJPHPZZVU
HX\LSLZ]PUJ\SHKVZJV7YHJ[PJ\T
6\[YVKVZYLX\PZP[VZLZP_PKVZWVYWHY[LKHUVYTH[P]HWHYHLZ[LZWYVNYHTHZKLMVYTHJP}UtHYLHSP
aHJP}U KV 7YHJ[PJ\T LU JVSHIVYHJP}U JVHZ PUZ[P[\JP}UZ LK\JH[P]HZ X\L PTWHY[HU HZ LUZPUHUaHZ JVY
YLZWVUKLU[LZ HZ JHSLZ KLILYmU LZ[HY YLJV|LJPKHZ JVTV JLU[YVZ KL WYmJ[PJHZ PUJS\xKVZ VZ [P[VYLZHZ
JVSHIVYHKVYLZHZ

(LZ[LZWYVNYHTHZKLMVYTHJP}UZVHTLU[LWVKLYmUHJJLKLYHX\LSHZWLYZVHZX\LWVZHU\UOH[P[\SH
JP}UYLJV|LJPKHJVTVLX\P]HSLU[LLX\LUVUWVPKHUHJJLKLYHVZLZ[\KVZKL4mZ[LY\UP]LYZP[HYPVHY[
6YKL,+<(KLTHPZZLYHSSLZLZP_PISLVKVTPUPVK\UOHSPUN\HLZ[YHU_LPYHHVUP]LSKL)KV4HY
JV*VTU,\YVWLVKL9LMLYLUJPHWHYHHZ3PUN\HZdisposición adicional segunda6YKL,+<
3. O Curso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica do Profesorado Técnico de

Formación Profesional
(WLZHYKLJVTWYVIHYX\LHUVYTH[P]HKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKLZ[L[PWVKLMVYTHJP}ULX\P]HSLU[LZL
ZP[HUVHUVLZLKLZLU]VS]LLUHUVZWVZ[LYPVYLZ"LHWLZHYKLX\LZLWLYJPIL\UOH]LYKHKLPYHULJL
ZPKHKLYLHSL\UOHKLTHUKHZVJPHSLWYVMLZPVUHSUVJVU[L_[VNHSLNVKLILYLTVZLZWLYHYH[HVWHYH
X\LUH*VT\UPKHKL(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPHZLKLZL|L\UOHVMLY[HKLMVYTHJP}UWLKHN}_PJHLKPKmJ[PJH
KPYP_PKHHVZ[tJUPJVZL[tJUPJVZZ\WLYPVYLZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSX\LKLZL_LUJVU]LY[LYZLLUKVJLU
[LZKLZ[LUP]LS!VCurso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica do Profesorado Técnico
de Formación Profesional.
3.1. Características organizativas do Curso de Especialización
(WYPTLPYHLKPJP}UKLZ[HMVYTHJP}UKLZLU]}S]LZLHVSVUNVKVcurso 2017/2018[YHSVJVYYLZWVU
KLU[LJVU]LUPVKLJVSHIVYHJP}UHZPUHKVLU[YLH*VUZLSSLYxHKL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}UL6YKLUHJP}U<UP]LYZP
[HYPHKH?\U[HKL.HSPJPHLH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
*\UOHK\YHJP}UKLJYtKP[VZ,*;:¶[HSLJVTVLZ[HISLJLHUVYTH[P]HLZ[H[HS¶HKVW[HHTVKHSP
dadeZLTPWYLZLUJPHSWHYHWLYTP[PYHZHJVTWH[PIPSPaHJP}UJVUV\[YHZHJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHPZLV\MVYTH
[P]HZWLYTP[PKHZ7VY[HU[VHTL[VKVSV_xHKVJLU[LJVTIPUHVIYHKVPYVZWYLZLUJPHPZJVLZ[\KVH\[}UVTV
KVZTH[LYPHPZX\LYLHSPaHVHS\TUHKVHWVPHKVWVSH[P[VYPaHJP}UKVLX\PWVKVJLU[L,[VKVPZ[VNYHaHZm
TLKPHJP}ULHVZYLJ\YZVZKLLSLHYUPUNX\LH7SH[HMVYTH=PY[\HSUHX\LZLPUZPYLV*\YZVUVZWYVWVYJPVUH
6ZVI_LJ[P]VZX\LZLWLYZLN\LUJVULZ[HHJJP}UMVYTH[P]HWVKLYxHUYLZ\TPYZLUVZZLN\PU[LZ!
H 7YVWVYJPVUHY\UOHHWYV_PTHJP}UmL]VS\JP}UOPZ[}YPJHKVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VLZWH|VSLmUVYTH[P]H
X\LVYLN\SH
I =HSVYHY H ULJLZPKHKL JVTV WYVMLZPVUHS KV LUZPUV KL KLZLU]VS]LY JVTWL[LUJPHZ WYVMLZPVUHPZ
]PUJ\SHKHZHVYVSKVJLU[L
J (MVUKHY UVZ WYVJLZVZ KL LUZPUV ¶ HWYLUKPaH_L L UVZ MHJ[VYLZ PUÅ\xU[LZ UV KLZLU]VS]LTLU[V
WLYZVHS
K *V|LJLYL]HSVYHYHZYLWLYJ\ZP}UZKVZWYVJLZVZLJVU[L_[VZLK\JH[P]VZUVKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKV
LUZPUV¶HWYLUKPaH_L
L 0KLU[PÄJHYVZJYP[LYPVZK\ULUZPUVKLJHSPKHKLUVZJLU[YVZKL-7
M (WYV_PTHYZLHV[YPUVTPVZVJPLKHKL¶MHTPSPH¶LK\JHJP}U
N *V|LJLYVZLSLTLU[VZKHVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLWSHUPÄJHYHJJP}UZJVUJYL[HZ
O :LYJVUZJPLU[LZKHPTWVY[HUJPHKHHJJP}U[P[VYPHS
P (MVUKHY UHZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ KHZ LUZPUHUaHZ KL -7 )mZPJH L KLZLU]VS]LY LZ[YH[L_PHZ KPYP_PKHZ H
\UOHTLSSVYH[LUJP}UHVZL\HS\TUHKV
Q *V|LJLYVZLSLTLU[VZK\UOHWYVWVZ[HMVYTH[P]HUVmTIP[VKH-7HUP]LSMVYTHSLKLJVU[PKV
R :LYJHWHaKLKLZL|HYWYVWVZ[HZKPKmJ[PJHZUVmTIP[VKHLZWLJPHSPKHKL
S (WYV_PTHYZLmZ[LJUVSV_xHZLYLJ\YZVZKP_P[HPZKLHWVPVmSHIVYKVJLU[L
T =HSVYHY VZ WYVJLZVZ KL PUUV]HJP}U L PU]LZ[PNHJP}U JVTV LSLTLU[VZ PUOLYLU[LZ HV KLZLU]VS]L
TLU[VWYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L
U (WSPJHYHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKVJLU[LZLUJVU[L_[VZYLHPZKLLUZPUV¶HWYLUKPaH_L
V :LYJHWHaKLYLÅL_HYVZJV|LJLTLU[VZLJVTWL[LUJPHZWLKHN}_PJHZLKPKmJ[PJHZU\UOHWYVWVZ
[HKLHJJP}UUVmTIP[VKHLZWLJPHSPKHKL

6ZLZ[\KVZKL4HZ[LYLU,ZWH|HZVUYLN\SHKVZTLKPHU[LH6YKL,*0WVSHX\LZLLZ[HISLJLUVZYLX\PZP[VZ
WHYHH]LYPÄJHJP}UKVZ[x[\SVZ\UP]LYZP[HYPVZVÄJPHPZX\LOHIPSP[LUWHYHVL_LYJPJPVKHZWYVMLZP}UZKL7YVMLZVYKL,K\JH
JP}U:LJ\UKHYPH6IYPNH[VYPHL)HJOHYLSH[V-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSL,UZPUHUaHZKL0KPVTHZB)6,UTKL KL
KLJLTIYVKLD

6ZT}K\SVZUVZX\LZLVYNHUPaHHMVYTHJP}UZVUKL[YLZ[PWVSV_xHZ7VY\UOHIHUKHH[VWHTVZVZ
módulos xenéricosX\LLUNSVIHHX\LSLZJVU[PKVZ]PUJ\SHKVZJVHL]VS\JP}UOPZ[}YPJHKVZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]V
WYVJLZVZLJVU[L_[VZLK\JH[P]VZHH[LUJP}UmKP]LYZPKHKLKVHS\TUHKVHZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZ
KVJLU[LZVJVU[L_[VZVJPHSJVULZWLJPHSYLSHJP}UmMHTPSPHLmLK\JHJP}ULHJHSPKHKLUVZJLU[YVZKVJLU
[LZKL-7,UZLN\UKVS\NHYH[VWHTVZVZT}K\SVZLZWLJxÄJVZYLSHJPVUHKVZTmPZKPYLJ[HTLU[LJVLUZPUV
¶HWYLUKPaH_LUHMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS-7)mZPJHL*PJSVZ-VYTH[P]VZWYVJLZVKL,(YLJ\YZVZKP_P[HPZ
LK\JH[P]VZHVYPLU[HJP}ULHHJJP}U[P[VYPHSUVZJLU[YVZ-PUHSTLU[LKLILTVZTLUJPVUHYVZmódulos de
Practicum]PUJ\SHKVZJVHZWYmJ[PJHZX\LVHS\TUHKVYLHSPaHYmUVZJLU[YVZJVU[P[VYLZJ\HSPÄJHKVZ
4. Deseño e desenvolvemento do estudo
7HYHJV|LJLYHWLYZWLJ[P]HLH]HSVYHJP}UKVHS\TUHKVJVUYLZWLJ[VHLZ[LCurso de Especialización
LSHIVYV\ZL\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPVÄUHSad hocWHYHLZ[HÄUHSPKHKL5LZ[LJHZVJLU[YHYtTVUVZU\UOHWHY[LKVZ
KH[VZYLJVSSPKVZH[YH]tZKLZ[LPUZ[Y\TLU[V
4.1. Obxectivos do traballo.
6ZVI_LJ[P]VZKLZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UZVUVZZLN\PU[LZ!
·+HYHJV|LJLYVCurso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica do Profesorado

Técnico de Formación Profesional.
·(JOLNHY HV SLJ[VY mZ JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ M\UKHTLU[HPZ KV HS\TUHKV X\L KLZLU]VS]L\ V J\YZV ULZ[H
WYPTLPYHLKPJP}UKL
·,Z[HISLJLY\UWLYÄS_LYHSKLHJJLZVKVHS\TUHKVHLZ[L*\YZVKL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U
4.2. Metodoloxía do estudo
,Z[LLZ[\KVLUTmYJHZLUHWLYZWLJ[P]HKHLZ[H[xZ[PJHKLZJYP[P]HWVPZLZ[L[YHIHSSV[YH[HKLHJOLNHYZL
¸mKLZJYPJP}UKLKH[VZL_WLYPTLU[HPZTmPZLZWLJPÄJHTLU[LKHYLJVTWPSHJP}UVYNHUPaHJP}ULHUmSPZLKL
KH[VZZVIYLHSN\UOHJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHKLJLY[VZPUKP]PK\VZWLY[LUJLU[LZmWVIVHJP}ULTVZ[YH¹*HZJVZZM
W6X\LKLZL_HTVZWVPZtV\[VYNHYSSLHVZKH[VZYLJVSSPKVZ\UOHPU[LYWYL[HJP}UH_LP[HKHKLZJYPIPUKVHZ
JHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZImZPJHZLU[VYUVH\UOHZLYPLKLKPTLUZP}UZKHZX\LZLL_[YHLYVU\UOHZLYPLKLPUMVYTH
JP}UZLUIHZLH\UPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UKVJHSMHSHYLTVZUVZLN\PU[LHWHY[HKV
(TVZ[YHWHY[PJPWHU[LJVTW}|LUHLZ[\KHU[LZX\LYLWYLZLU[HUVKV[V[HSKVHS\TUHKVTH[YP
J\SHKVUVCurso de Especialización6ZL\JHYmJ[LYMVPPUJPKLU[HSPZ[VtLUX\PZV\ZLH[VKVZVZZ\_LP[VZ
X\LZLH[VWHIHUUHH\SHUVTVTLU[VKLHWSPJHJP}UKVPUZ[Y\TLU[VJVPUJPKPUKVJVHS[PTHZLZP}UKVZ
VIYHKVPYVZWYLZLUJPHPZKLZ[HMVYTHJP}U
4.3. Instrumento de recollida de información
(YLJVSSPKHKLKH[VZZVIYLVCurso de EspecializaciónHSNUZKVZJHSLZZLWYLZLU[HUULZ[HJVT\UP
JHJP}UYLHSPaV\ZLH[YH]tZK\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPV¶JVTWVZ[VWVY\UOHJVTIPUHJP}UKLKP]LYZH[PWVSV_xHKL
x[LTZKLYLZWVZ[HTS[PWSLHILY[HLLULZJHSH3PRLY[KL]HSVYHJP}U¶VJHSZVSPJP[HHVHS\TUHKVHYLZWVZ[H
LU[VYUVH]HYPHZKPTLUZP}UZ!
·+H[VZ_LYHPZKHWLYZVHX\LYLZWVUKL
·(ZWLJ[VZTV[P]HJPVUHPZKLJHYHmWYVMLZP}UKVJLU[L
·.YHVKLKLZLU]VS]LTLU[VKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ
·*VU[YPI\JP}UKHMVYTHJP}ULKVZT}K\SVZKVJ\YZVmHKX\PZPJP}UKHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
·=HSVYHJP}ULZH[PZMHJJP}UJV*\YZVKLZLU]VS]PKVJLU[YmUKVZLUH]HSVYHJP}UKLJHKH\UKVZT}
K\SVZ
5LZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UJLU[YHYtTVUVZLUHUHSPaHYHZYLZWVZ[HZKVHS\TUHKVKHKHZLU[VYUVHVWYPTLP
YVISVX\LKLPUMVYTHJP}UZVSPJP[HKHdatos xerais,YLHSPaHUKV\UOHHUmSPZLKHPUMVYTHJP}UVMYLJPKHULZ[L
ISVX\L WVSVZ WHY[PJPWHU[LZ JLU[YHKH UH ZP[\HJP}U KL WHY[PKH KVZ HS\TUVZ UV TVTLU[V KL PUPJPHY LZ[L
WYVNYHTHMVYTH[P]VLHZZHZTV[P]HJP}UZWHYHYLHSPaHSV

4.4. Análise da información recollida a través do cuestionario
6[YH[HTLU[VLHUmSPZLKVZKH[VZMVPYLHSPaHKHLTWYLNHUKVVWYVNYHTHLZ[H[xZ[PJV:7:: WHYH
>PUKV^ZTVP\[PSPaHKVUHZJPLUJPHZZVJPHPZLHWSPJHKHZLUVmTIP[VLTWYLZHYPHSUVUZVHTLU[LWVYX\L
UVZWLYTP[L[YHIHSSHYJ\UJVU_\U[VTVPHTWSVKLJHZVZLKLKH[VZZLU}U[HTtUWVSHWVZPIPSPKHKLZX\L
V\[VYNHHVPU]LZ[PNHKVYWHYH[YH[HYHPUMVYTHJP}ULHZ]HYPHISLZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U
5. Resultados en torno á dimensión de KH[VZ_LYHPZrespondida polos enquisados
*VTVTLUJPVUHTVZJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLJLU[YHYtTVUVZUHJVUJYLJP}UKVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[PKVZUHWYP
TLPYHKPTLUZP}UKVUVZVPUZ[Y\TLU[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UVKLdatos xeraisKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZX\LMVYVU
cumprimentados.
(ZxLUWYPTLPYVS\NHYKLILTVZKLZ[HJHYX\L\UMVYVUOVTLZL T\SSLYLZVZ
WHY[PJPWHU[LZ UH H]HSPHJP}U KLZ[L *\YZV JVU[LZ[HUKV HV PUZ[Y\TLU[V ;HU[V UV JHZV KVZ OVTLZ JVTV
KHZT\SSLYLZHTHPVYWHY[LZP[HZLUVYHUNVKLPKHKLZ\WLYPVYHVZHUVZ\UKV[V[HSKHTVZ[YH
OVTLZLT\SSLYLZKVZ[V[HPZHJ\T\SHKVZWHYHHTIVZiKLKLZ[HJHYX\LVHS\TUHKVTmPZUV]V
HX\LSX\LZLZP[HUVYHUNVKLPKHKLLU[YLVZLHUVZLZ[mJVTWVZ[V\UPJHTLU[LWVYOVTLZ
KHTVZ[YH
7YLN\U[HTVZHVZUVZVZLUX\PZHKVZWVSHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSmX\LWLY[LUJLVZL\[x[\SVKLHJJLZVH
este Curso de Especialización-VYVUHZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZVI[PKHZL[HSLJVTVWVKLTVZVIZLY]HY
UH[mIVHZLN\PU[L+LZ[L_LP[VtHMHTPSPHKLHostalaría e TurismoHX\LSHX\LHJ\T\SH\UTHPVYUTLYV
KLWHY[PJPWHU[LZJ\UKV[V[HSKHTVZ[YHZLN\PKVTVPKLJLYJHWVSHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKLImaxe
PersoalJ\UKVZLUX\PZHKVZZLUKVH[V[HSPKHKLKVZX\LTHYJHULZ[HMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHST\SSLYLZ
7VYJVU[YHLUHostalaríaL_PZ[L\UOHWYLKVTPUHUJPHTHZJ\SPUHJVU]HY}UZMYVU[LHT\SSLYLZ7VY
JVUZLN\PU[LtULZ[HZKHZMHTPSPHZtVUKLZLHJ\T\SHHJHZL[V[HSPKHKLKLT\SSLYLZX\LYLZWVUKLYVU
HVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVWVPZ\UJHZVMLTPUPUVZP[\mTVSVUHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKLTransporte e Mantemento de
Vehículos(KLTHPZJVTVVIZLY]HTVZUH[mIVHZVHTLU[LH[VWHTVZ\UJHZVOVTLX\LTHYJHArtes e
ArtesaníasJVTVMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKLHJJLZVLKV\ZJHZVZ¶]HY}UZ[HTtU¶X\LLUTHYJHUHZH
[P[\SHJP}UUHMHTPSPHKLTéxtil, Confección e Pel
Táboa 1. ?tULYVL-HTPSPHZ7YVMLZPVUHPZKLHJJLZVKVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZUVJ\LZ[PVUHYPV
KL]HSVYHJP}UKV*\YZVKL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U-VU[L!LSHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH
Xénero
Frecuencia Porcentaxe Total
Home Muller
Imaxe Persoal
Turismo 4
Téxtil, Confección e Pel
Transporte e Mantemento

de Vehículos
Madeira, moble e cortiza 4 4
Fabricación mecánica
Artes e artesanías
Total 36 19 100,0
;HSLJVTVHK]LY[PTVZHU[LYPVYTLU[L\UKV[V[HSKHTVZ[YHZP[HZLUVYHUNVKLPKHKLºTHPVY
KLHUVZ»ZP[\mUKVZLLZ[HHTHPVYWHY[LKLZ[LZJHZVZLUKHZMHTPSPHZWYVMLZPVUHPZJVUJYL[HZ!0TH_L
7LYZVHSL;YHUZWVY[LL4HU[LTLU[VKL=LOxJ\SVZ
7VYV\[YHIHUKHLUJHU[VHZLUVTVTLU[VKLJ\TWYPTLU[HYVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKVJ\YZVZLH[VWHIHU
[YHIHSSHUKV\UKHTVZ[YHJVU[LZ[HIHX\LUVUMYVU[LH\UX\LZPLZ[HIH[YHIHSSHUKV+LZ[L
KLWLYZVHZX\LZLH[VWHU[YHIHSSHUKVHTHPVYWHY[LZVUOVTLZJHZVZMYVU[LHT\SSLYLZ
*HILKLZ[HJHYX\L[HTtUtTmPZHTWSVVUTLYVKL]HY}UZX\LUVULZ[mUH[YHIHSSHYUVTVTLU[VKLYLZ
WVUKLYJVUJYL[HTLU[LOVTLZMYVU[LHT\SSLYLZX\LYLZWVUKLUULNH[P]HTLU[LHU[LLZ[HWYLN\U[H

0N\HSTLU[LZLSSLZWYLN\U[V\ZLV[YHIHSSVX\LLZ[HIHUL_LYJLUKVZLJVYYLZWVUKxHJVHZH[P[\SHJP}U
KL-7LJHU[V[LTWVSL]HIHU[YHIHSSHUKV5LZ[LJHZVJVUZPKLYHTVZULJLZHYPVHK]LY[PYX\LLUX\PZH
KVZK\U[V[HSKLUVUYLZWVUKLYVUHLZ[HZKHZWYLN\U[HZ7VY[HU[VHX\xMHYLTVZHS\ZP}UHVZYLZ\S
[HKVZVI[PKVZKLKVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZUVZX\LZPZLYLZWVUKL\HLZ[LZx[LTZKV[V[HSKHTVZ[YH
+LZ[LTVKV\UKVZLUX\PZHKVZJHZVZPUKPJHUX\LV[YHIHSSVX\LKLZLTWL|HUZLJVY
YLZWVUKLJVHZH[P[\SHJP}UMYVU[LHVX\LZPUHSHUX\LUVU5LZHWVYJLU[H_LTHPVYP[HYPHX\LZPUHSH
X\LL_PZ[LJVYYLZWVUKLUJPHLU[YL[P[\SHJP}UL[YHIHSSVKLILTVZKLZ[HJHYX\LJHZLHTL[HKLZVUOVTLZ
JHZVZLVZYLZ[HU[LZJHZVZZVUT\SSLYLZYLZWVZ[HZ
4VPYLSHJPVUHKVJVUPZ[VMVYTSHZLVx[LTHJLYJHKLJHU[V[LTWVSL]HUL_LYJLUKVULZLLTWYLNV
+HZYLZWVZ[HZKHKHZH[VWHTVZX\LVSL]HUTmPZKLHUVZKLZLU]VS]LUKVVTLZTVWVZ[VKVZ
JHSLZL_PZ[LHTLZTHWYVWVYJP}UKLOVTLZX\LKLT\SSLYLZL_LYJLUKVLZ[L[LTWVPZ[VtOVTLZL
T\SSLYLZ
7VY V\[YH IHUKH X\P_LTVZ HJOLNHYUVZ mZ ZHZ TV[P]HJP}UZ WHYH YLHSPaHY LZ[L Curso de Especiali-
zación 5LZ[L ZLU[PKV WYLN\U[mTVZSSL ZL HSN\UOH ]La L_LYJLYHU JVTV WYVMLZVYH VMYLJtUKVSSLZ ]HYPHZ
WVZPIPSPKHKLZKLYLZWVZ[HYLZWVZ[HULNH[P]H"YLZWVZ[HHÄYTH[P]HKL[LYTPUmUKVZLLUX\LUP]LSKH-7¶9L
NYHKH6J\WHJPVUHSLV\*VU[PU\H¶"YLZWVZ[HHÄYTH[P]HZPUHSHUKVHJHKLTPHZJSHZLZWHY[PJ\SHYLZ
.YmÄJH7VYJLU[H_LKHTVZ[YHX\LL_LYJL\JVTHKVJLU[LHSN\UOH
]LaJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLmYLHSPaHJP}UKVJ\YZV-VU[L!LSHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH
;HSLJVTVWVKLTVZVIZLY]HYUHNYmÄJHHU[LYPVY\UOHWVYJLU[H_LHTWSHKHTVZ[YHYLZWVUKLX\L
UVUL_LYJL\KLWYVMLZVYHJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLJVUJYL[HTLU[L\ULKHX\LSLZX\LZPL_LYJLYVUVÄ
_LYVUUVmTIP[VKHZHJHKLTPHZLV\PTWHY[PUKVJSHZLZWHY[PJ\SHYLZ:LHUHSPaHTVZLZ[HJ\LZ[P}U[LUKVLU
JVU[HV_tULYVUVZH[VWHTVZX\LZVUTHPVYxHVZOVTLZX\LUVUL_LYJLYVUHKVJLUJPHOVTLZMYVU[L
HT\SSLYLZ7VSHJVU[YHZVUHZT\SSLYLZHZX\LTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[LL_LYJLYVUHKVJLUJPHLUHJHKLTPHZ
LV\JSHZLZWHY[PJ\SHYLZJVUJYL[HTLU[LT\SSLYLZMYVU[LHOVTLZKV[V[HSKHTVZ[YH
,U YLSHJP}U JV HU[LYPVY WYLN\U[mTVZSSL WVSV UP]LS KL TV[P]HJP}U JHYH H WYVMLZP}U KVJLU[L (Z YLZ
WVZ[HZ TVZ[YHU \U UP]LS KL TV[P]HJP}U HS[V V\ TVP HS[V JHYH LZ[H WYVMLZP}U JVUJYL[HTLU[L \U
YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L
6. Conclusións e valoracións
*HILTLUJPVUHYHxUKHX\LUVUZL_HVI_LJ[VKLZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UVUP]LS_LYHSKLZH[PZMHJJP}UL_PZ
tente co Curso de EspecializaciónWVYWHY[LKVHS\TUHKVULZ[HWYPTLPYHLKPJP}UKL.
([LUKLUKVHVZVI_LJ[P]VZWYVWVZ[VZULZ[L[YHIHSSVJYLTVZX\LJ\TWYPTVZJHKH\UKLSLZJVU]L
UPLU[LTLU[L,UWYPTLPYVS\NHYJVULZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}U¶LJVUV\[YHZX\LZL]HUWYLZLU[HYULZ[LmTIP[V¶
KLTVZHJV|LJLY\UOH[PWVSV_xHKLMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSKVWYVMLZVYHKVWHYHHX\LSLZ[P[\SHKVZ[tJUPJVZLU

(SNUZ KLZ[LZ YLZ\S[HKVZ ]PUJ\SHKVZ JVH ZH[PZMHJJP}U KV HS\TUHKV KV *\YZV KL ,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U WVKLU JVUZ\S[HYZL
UV\[YH JVT\UPJHJP}U WYLZLU[HKH H LZ[L *VUNYLZV [P[\SHKH “Percepción del futuro profesorado técnico de formación
profesional sobre su formación pedagógica y didáctica”.

-7;Ym[HZLK\UOHMVYTHJP}UUV]PKVZHUVmTIP[VKHJVT\UPKHKLH\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPH,UZLN\UKVS\NHY
L_W\_LTVZHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZTmPZPTWVY[HU[LZJVYYLZWVUKLU[LZHVHS\TUHKVX\LSL]V\HJHIVVCurso
de EspecializaciónLX\LHKLTHPZJ\TWYPTLU[HYVUVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKL]HSVYHJP}UKVTLZTV,U[LYJLPYVS\
NHYLZ[HISLJLTVZHULJLZPKHKLKLLZ[HISLJLY\UWLYÄS_LYHSKLHJJLZVKVHS\TUHKVHLZ[HMVYTHJP}U
;LUKVLUJVU[HHHUmSPZLKVZKH[VZLHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZHU[LYPVYTLU[LL_WVZ[HZWVKLTVZKPJPYX\LHLZ[L
Curso de EspecializaciónHJJLKL\U]HY}UJVUTmPZKLHUVZJ\UOH[P[\SHJP}UKLHJJLZVWLY[LUJLU[L
V\ILUá familia de Hostalaría e TurismoLUWYPTLPYHPUZ[HUJPHV\ILUmKLTransporte e Mantemento de
Vehículos5VTVTLU[VKLYLHSPaHYV*\YZVH[}WHZL[YHIHSSHUKVU\ULTWYLNV]PUJ\SHKVKPYLJ[HTLU[LJVH
ZH[P[\SHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSSL]HUKV\UOHHU[PNPKHKLKLTmPZKLHUVZ(ZxTLZTVHWLZHYLZKLX\LUVU
t\UOHWLYZVHX\LL_LYJLYHHKVJLUJPHJVUHU[LYPVYPKHKLHTV[P]HJP}UJHYHHYLHSPaHJP}UKLZ[LJ\YZVKL
MVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSKVWYVMLZVYHKVLHS[HV\TVPHS[H
;VKVPZ[VSt]HUVZHWLUZHYX\LZL[YH[HK\UHS\TUHKVX\LHWLZHYKLLZ[HYTHPVYP[HYPHTLU[L[YHIHS
SHUKVKLZL_HHTWSPHYHZWVZPIPSPKHKLZHJHKtTPJHZLWYVMLZPVUHPZ
9LMLYLUJPHZ)PISPVNYmÄJHZ
*HZJVZ0ZM,Z[HKxZ[PJH+LZJYPW[P]H,Z[HKxZ[PJH¶*\YZV¶ 9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!OHS^LI
\JTLZLZW7LYZVUHSWLYZVUHZPJHZJVZLZWYLZ\TLUFKLZJYPW[P]HWKM
3LP6YNmUPJHKLKLTHPVKL,K\JHJP}UB)6,UTKLKLTHPVKLD9LJ\WLYHKV
de O[[WZ!^^ÎVLLZI\ZJHYWKM)6,( JVUZVSPKHKVWKM
6YKL ,*0 WVSH X\L ZL LZ[HISLJLU VZ YLX\PZP[VZ WHYH H ]LYPÄJHJP}U KVZ [x[\SVZ \UP]LYZP[HYPVZ
VÄJPHPZX\LOHIPSP[LUWHYHVL_LYJPJPVKHZWYVMLZP}UZKL7YVMLZVYKL,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH6IYPNH[VYPH
L)HJOHYLSH[V-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSL,UZPUHUaHZKL0KPVTHZB)6,UTKL KLKLJLTIYV
KLD9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[WZ!^^ÎVLLZKPHYPVFIVL[_[WOW&PK$)6,(
6YKL,+<KLKLZL[LTIYVWVSHX\LZLLZ[HISLJLHMVYTHJP}ULX\P]HSLU[Lá MVYTHJP}U
WLKHN}_PJHLKPKmJ[PJHLZP_PKHWHYHHX\LSHZWLYZVHZX\LLZ[HUKVLUWVZLZP}UK\UOH[P[\SHJP}UKL
JSHYHKHLX\P]HSLU[LHLMLJ[VZKLKVJLUJPHUVUWVKLUYLHSPaHYVZLZ[\KVZKLTmZ[LYB)6,UT
KL KL V\[\IYV KL D 9LJ\WLYHKV KL O[[WZ!^^ÎVLLZIVLKPHZWKMZ)6,
(WKM

Iris Estévez
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H,ZWH|H Aprendizajes
Iria Mª González
Francisco Santos
Informales y Desarrollo
Mercedes González-Sanmamed
Profesional Docente
Resumen
,SHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHUVZLKLZHYYVSSHKL
MVYTHSPULHSUPUPJHTLU[LLULZWHJPVZJVUJYL[VZ`LZWL
JxÄJVZ ,_PZ[LU PUÄUPKHK KL JVU[L_[VZ MVYTHSLZ L PUMVY
THSLZLUSVZX\LZLL_WLYPTLU[HUHWYLUKPaHQLZH]LJLZ
PU[LUJPVUHKVZ`V[YHZ]LJLZJHZ\HSLZ,SHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVY
THSZLJVYYLZWVUKLJVUHX\LSX\LZ\JLKLLULSKxHHKxH
X\L VJ\YYL LU ZP[\HJPVULZ JV[PKPHUHZ JVU SH MHTPSPH JVU
SVZ HTPNVZ JVU SVZ JVTWH|LYVZ KL [YHIHQV¯ 5V LZ[m
VYNHUPaHKV`W\LKLKHYZLWVYW\YHJHZ\HSPKHKKLMVYTH
PUJPKLU[HS,Z[VL_PNLHSVZPUKP]PK\VZ[VTHYJHKH]LaTmZ
LSJVU[YVSKLZ\WYVWPVWYVJLZVKLHJ[\HSPaHJP}U3HWYL
ZLU[LPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLOHKLZHYYVSSHKVJVULSWYVW}ZP[VKL
LZ[\KPHYJ}TVLSWYVMLZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS]HSVYH
`\[PSPaHLSHIHUPJVKLWVZPIPSPKHKLZX\LZLPUJS\`LUKLU[YV
KLSVZJVU[L_[VZPUMVYTHSLZ`JVTVLSSVW\LKLJVU[YPI\PY
HZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS7HYHLSSVOLTVZPKLU[PÄJHKV
SVZTLJHUPZTVZLZ[YH[LNPHZ`YLJ\YZVZ\[PSPaHKVZWVYSVZ
KVJLU[LZ LU Z\ WYVJLZV KL MVYTHJP}U V KL H\[VMVYTH
JP}U,Z[LLZ[\KPVZLLUTHYJHKLU[YVKL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]H
LTWxYPJVHUHSx[PJHKLJHYmJ[LYJ\HU[P[H[P]V`SVZYLZ\S[HKVZ
ZL OHU VI[LUPKV TLKPHU[L HUmSPZPZ KLZJYPW[P]VZ ` KL MYL
cuencias.
Palabras clave: HWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSKLZHYYVSSVWYV
MLZPVUHSKVJLU[LZ,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS

Abstract
3PMLSVUNSLHYUPUNKVLZUV[KL]LSVWSPULHYS`VYPUZWLJPÄJHUKZWLJPÄJZWHJLZ;OLYLHYLTHU`MVYTHS
HUK PUMVYTHS JVU[L_[Z PU ÔPJO SLHYUPUN PZ L_WLYPLUJLK ZVTL[PTLZ PU[LU[PVUHS HUK ZVTL[PTLZ JHZ\HS
0UMVYTHSSLHYUPUNJVYYLZWVUKZ[VÔH[OHWWLUZVUHKH`[VKHÌHZPZÔPJOVJJ\YZPUL]LY`KH`ZP[\H[PVUZ
^P[OMHTPS`^P[OMYPLUKZ^P[OJV^VYRLYZ0[PZUV[VYNHUPaLKP[JHUILZLLUI`JOHUJLPUJPKLU[HSS`
;OPZYLX\PYLZPUKP]PK\HSZ[V[HRLTVYLHUKTVYLJVU[YVSV]LY[OLPYVÛWYVJLZZVMHJ[\HSPaH[PVU;OLWYLZLU[
PU]LZ[PNH[PVU OHZ ILLU KL]LSVWLK ^P[O [OL W\YWVZL VM Z[\K`PUN OV^ [OL [LHJOLYZ VM 0UMHU[PSL ,K\JH[PVU
]HS\L HUK \ZL [OL ZWLJ[Y\T VM [OL WVZZPIPSP[PLZ [OH[ HYL PUJS\KLK ^P[OPU [OL PUMVYTHS JVU[L_[Z MVY [OLPY
WYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[;VKV[OPZ^LOH]LPKLU[PÄLK[OLTLJOHUPZTZZ[YH[LNPLZHUKYLZV\YJLZMVY[LH
JOLYZPU[OLPY[YHPUPUNVYZLSM[YHPUPUNWYVJLZZ;OPZZ[\K`PZMYHTLK^P[OPUHULTWPYPJHSHUHS`[PJHSWLYZWLJ[P]L
VMHX\HU[P[H[P]LUH[\YLHUK[OLYLZ\S[ZOH]LILLUVI[HPULK[OYV\NOKLZJYPW[P]LHUKMYLX\LUJ`HUHS`ZPZ
2L`^VYKZ!PUMVYTHSSLHYUPUNWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[[LHJOLYZ,HYS`*OPSKOVVK,K\JH[PVU
INTRODUCCIÓN
(J[\HSTLU[LLUSH:VJPLKHKKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U[LULTVZKLHJ\LYKVJVU;ÙLY.\[PtYYLa`;VYYLNV
\UHNYHUJHU[PKHK`]HYPLKHKKLLZWHJPVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLZYLHSLZ`]PY[\HSLZSVX\LOHJLHSHWYLU
KPaHQLJVU[PU\VLULS[PLTWV`LULSLZWHJPV7VYSV[HU[VZLYxHULJLZHYPV[LULYLUJ\LU[HSHJVUZ[HU[L
PU[LYYLSHJP}ULU[YLLZWHJPVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHSWHYHWYVWVULY\UHHSMHIL[PaHJP}U
TS[PWSLJVTV[HYLHKL[VKVZ
3HZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZLZ[mUJHTIPHUKVSHZMVYTHZKLPU[LYHJ[\HYJVT\UPJHYZL[YHIHQHY`HJ[\HYLU
U\LZ[YVKxHHKxH4HPUH`.HYJxH3HYL]VS\JP}UKPNP[HSLZ[mTHYJHUKVKPMLYLU[LZJHTIPVZLUKPZ[PU
[VZmTIP[VZKLU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHK@HLZ[HYL]VS\JP}UKPNP[HS[HTIPtU[PLULX\LKHYYLZW\LZ[HSHLK\JHJP}U
,SHWYLUKPaHQLH[YH]tZKLSHZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZZLJVUZPKLYH\UNtULYVKLHWYLUKPaHQL[LJUVS}NPJH
TLU[LTLKPHKVWVYSVZTLKPVZZVJPHSLZ`SHZ[LJUVSVNxHZ^LIX\LZL\[PSPaHUWHYHWYVTV]LYJVUL_PVULZ
LU[YLHWYLUKPaHQLYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZYLJ\YZVZKLJVU[LUPKV`JVT\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQL:HHKH[THUK
` 2\TW\SHPULU (Zx TPZTV SHZ U\L]HZ [LJUVSVNxHZ OHU JVU[YPI\PKV H JYLHY VWVY[\UPKHKLZ WHYH
WYmJ[PJHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLÅL_PISLZ`H\[VVYNHUPaHKHZ+LLZ[HTHULYHLZ[HZU\L]HZ[LJUVSVNxHZ[PLULU\U
WHWLST\`PTWVY[HU[LLUSHJYLHJP}UKLLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQL:HSPUHZ
3H[LJUVSVNxHKPNP[HS`SHZU\L]HZMVYTHZKLYLJPIPYWYVJLZHYJYLHY`KPZ[YPI\PYPUMVYTHJP}UT\S[PTL
KPHX\L[LULTVZLUSHZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSOHUNLULYHKVKLHJ\LYKVJVU;ÙLY.\[PtYYLa`;VYYLNV
U\L]VZLU[VYUVZKLHWYLUKPaHQL`TVKPÄJHKVZ\Z[HUJPHSTLU[LSVZL_PZ[LU[LZ/V`LUKxHSHZ[LVYxHZKLS
HWYLUKPaHQLKLILU[LULYLUJ\LU[HSVZZPZ[LTHZYPJVZKPUmTPJVZPU[LYJVULJ[HKVZ`JVTWSLQVZLUSVZX\L
ZLJYLH`JVTWHY[LLSJVUVJPTPLU[VKLHOxLSHÅVYHTPLU[VKLJVUJLW[VZJVTVLSKLLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLU
KPaHQL:HUTHTLK:HUNYm:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]La
,Z[L[tYTPUVZ\YNP}YLJPLU[LTLU[LKLSHTHUVKLH\[VYLZ[HSLZJVTV)HYYVU:PLTLUZV
1HJRZVUX\LKLÄULUSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLJVTV\UJVUQ\U[VKLJVU[L_[VZKVUKLLUJVU
[YHTVZLZWHJPVZ]PY[\HSLZVMxZPJVZX\LWYVT\L]LUVWVY[\UPKHKLZWHYHLSHWYLUKPaHQL(TH`VYLZ)HYYVU
`1HJRZVUJVPUJPKLULUX\LJHKHJVU[L_[VJVTWYLUKL\UHJVUÄN\YHJP}UUPJHKLVIQL[P]VZ
HJ[P]PKHKLZYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZYLSHJPVULZWLYZVUHSLZ`SVZHWYLUKPaHQLZX\LZ\YNLUKLLZHJVUÄN\YHJP}U
3VVPLZ[HISLJLX\LSHTL[mMVYHLJVS}NPJHWLYTP[LKLZHYYVSSHY\ULUMVX\LTmZHTWSPVKLSHWYLU
KPaHQL`HX\L[PLULLUJ\LU[H[VKHZSHZMVYTHZLUX\LtZ[LW\LKLVJ\YYPY,Z[HTL[mMVYHKHS\NHYH\U
U\L]VLUMVX\L\UHU\L]HWLYZWLJ[P]HKLHUmSPZPZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHSVZJPTPLU[VZWHYHTVKLSVZLK\JH[P]VZ
M\[\YVZJ\`HHÄUPKHKJVULSJVU[L_[V`SHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLSJVUVJPTPLU[VHJ[\HS!JH}[PJVPU[LYKPZJPWSPUH
YPV`LTLYNLU[LLZTH`VY:PLTLUZ
:HUNYn.\P[LY[7tYLa4H[LV`,YULZ[THUPÄLZ[HUX\LSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLHWVY[HU\U
THYJVWHYHPU[LYWYL[HYSHZTS[PWSLZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LVMYLJLLSJVTWSLQVWHUVYHTHKPNP[HS
HJ[\HS,ULZ[LJVU[L_[VJ\LZ[PVULZJVTVSHPU[LNYHJP}UKLVWVY[\UPKHKLZMVYTHSLZPUMVYTHSLZÙVMVY
THSLZ`HSN\UVZTL[HLZWHJPVZPU[LYTLKPVZX\LKHUS\NHYHHWYLUKPaHQLZPU]PZPISLZW\LKLUJVU[YPI\PYHSH
TLQVYHKLSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKH`KLSKLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS:HUTHTLK:HUNYm:V\[V:LPQV
`,Z[t]La7VYZ\WHY[L;HI\LUJH;LYUPLY`:WLJO[[HTIPtUTHUPÄLZ[HUX\LSHMVYTHJP}U
JVU[PU\HLSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[LVLSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHJVTWYLUKLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZJVU
[L_[VZLUSVZX\LSVZPUKP]PK\VZHJ[HU,Z[VZJVU[L_[VZPUJS\`LU[HU[VSHLK\JHJP}UMVYTHSJVTVSHUV
MVYTHSLPUMVYTHS

/HNLY JP[HKVLU4HYJLSV ZL|HSHX\LLSHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSLZLTPULU[LTLU[LPTWSxJP[V
WVYSVX\LLSHWYLUKPaUVLZJVUZJPLU[LKLSVX\LZHILH\UX\LZxLZJVUZJPLU[LKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLLZVZ
HWYLUKPaHQLZ5VLZWSHUPÄJHKV(ZxTPZTVKPJOVH\[VYKLÄLUKLX\LHTLU\KVLSHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSLZ
JVSHIVYH[P]V`KLUH[\YHSLaHJVU[L_[\HSPaHKHUVLZWYLKLJPISLUP[HTWVJVWVZLL\UJ\YYxJ\S\TMVYTHS`
Z\tUMHZPZYLJHLLUSHWYmJ[PJHJVTVLZWHJPVKLHWYLUKPaHQL
7VY[HU[VSHMVYTHJP}UPUMVYTHSJVTWYLUKLLSHWYLUKPaHQLHSVSHYNVKLSH]PKHH[YH]tZKLSX\LZL
HKX\PLYLUJVUVJPTPLU[VZOHIPSPKHKLZ`HJ[P[\KLZHWHY[PYKLSHL_WLYPLUJPHLUSVZKP]LYZVZJVU[L_[VZLUSVZ
X\LZLPUZLY[HLSPUKP]PK\V`NYHJPHZHSHPUÅ\LUJPHLPU[LYHJJP}UJVUSHMHTPSPHHTPZ[HKLZJVSLNHZ`TLKPVZ
KLJVT\UPJHJP}U5VHJVU[LJLIHQV\UHVYNHUPaHJP}UKL[LYTPUHKHUPHWHY[PYKL\UHLZ[Y\J[\YHLZWLJxÄJH
5V[PLULJHYmJ[LYPU[LUJPVUHKVÙVZ\LSLYLJVUVJLYZLUPJVUK\JLH\UHJLY[PÄJHJP}U
OBJETIVOS
7VY [VKV SV HU[LYPVYTLU[L TLUJPVUHKV LS VIQL[P]V KLS WYLZLU[L LZ[\KPV LZ HUHSPaHY LU X\t TLKPKH
SVZKVJLU[LZYLHSPaHUKL[LYTPUHKHZHJ[P]PKHKLZLUJVU[L_[VZPUMVYTHSLZKLJHYHHMHJPSP[HYZ\HWYLUKPaHQL
`KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS,_HTPUHYLTVZJ\mSLZZVUSVZTLJHUPZTVZJVUVZPUIHZL[LJUVS}NPJHX\LLS
WYVMLZVYHKVKLSHL[HWHKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PSLTWSLHWHYHSSL]HYHJHIV\UHMVYTHJP}UWLYTHULU[L`X\L
KLLZ[LTVKVJVUMVYTHUZ\LJVSVNxHKLHWYLUKPaHQL
METODOLOGÍA
,Z[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLLUTHYJHKLU[YVKL\UHWLYZWLJ[P]HLTWxYPJVHUHSx[PJHKLJHYmJ[LYJ\HU[P[H[P]V
:LHIVYKHYmUZLN\PKHTLU[LSVZZPN\PLU[LZZ\IHWHY[HKVZJVULSÄUKLL_WSPJHYSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ`JVUKP
JPVULZKLSLZ[\KPVLTWxYPJV!WHY[PJPWHU[LZPUZ[Y\TLU[VZWYVJLKPTPLU[V`HUmSPZPZLZ[HKxZ[PJVKLSVZKH[VZ
PARTICIPANTES
([YH]tZKL\UT\LZ[YLVUVWYVIHIPSxZ[PJVPU[LUJPVUHSVKLJVU]LUPLUJPHZLZLSLJJPVU}\UHT\LZ[YH
KLWYVMLZVYLZ`WYVMLZVYHZKLSHL[HWHKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PSKL]HYPVZJVSLNPVZWISPJVZKLSHWYV]PUJPH
KL(*VY\|H:LHWSPJ}LSJYP[LYPVKLHJJLZPIPSPKHKWHYHSHZLSLJJP}UKLKPJOHT\LZ[YHLZJVNPLUKVHX\LSSVZ
WYVMLZVYLZ`WYVMLZVYHZHSVZX\LZL[LUxHTLQVYHJJLZV<UKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZM\LYVUWYVMLZVYLZ`
\UWYVMLZVYHZ=tHZLNYmÄJV,J\HU[VHSHLKHKLSKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZ[PLULULU[YL`
H|VZ=tHZLNYmÄJV,USVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSHL_WLYPLUJPHKVJLU[LLS[PLULLU[YL`H|VZKL
L_WLYPLUJPHKVJLU[LZLN\PKVKL\UKLLU[YL`H|VZ"\UX\L[PLULLU[YL`H|VZ`
WVYS[PTV\UX\L[PLULTLUVZKLH|VZKLL_WLYPLUJPHKVJLU[L
.YmÄJV! Sexo de los participantes`.YmÄJV!Edad de los participantes

INSTRUMENTOS
,SPUZ[Y\TLU[V\[PSPaHKVWHYHSHYLJVNPKHKLKH[VZM\LLSJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKLLSHIVYHJP}UWYVWPH*HILKLZ
[HJHYX\LZLOHYLJ\YYPKVHSZPZ[LTHIHZHKVLULSQ\PJPVKLL_WLY[VZWHYHSH]HSPKHJP}UKLSPUZ[Y\TLU[V,S
J\LZ[PVUHYPVZLJVTWVULKLKPTLUZPVULZH\UX\LWHYHSSL]HYHJHIVLZ[LLZ[\KPVUVZOLTVZJLU[YHKV
LU\UHZVSHKPTLUZP}UJVTW\LZ[HWVYx[LTZ3HLZJHSHKLYLZW\LZ[HLZKL[PWV3PRLY[KLHZPLUKV!
UHKHWVJVIHZ[HU[L`T\JOV
PROCEDIMIENTO
7HYHWYVJLKLYHSHYLJVNPKHKLPUMVYTHJP}ULUWYPTLYS\NHYZLPUMVYT}KLSVZWYVW}ZP[VZKLSHPU]LZ[P
NHJP}UHSVZKPYLJ[VYLZHZKLSVZKPZ[PU[VZJVSLNPVZWISPJVZLUSVZX\LZLX\LYxHHWSPJHYLSJ\LZ[PVUHYPV<UH
]LaKHKHZ\HWYVIHJP}UZLYLWHY[PLYVUKPJOVZJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZLU[YLLSWYVMLZVYHKVX\LM\LYVUHWSPJHKVZ
KLU[YVKLSOVYHYPVLZJVSHYLU\UHUPJHZLZP}U
ANÁLISIS DE DATOS
3VZHUmSPZPZKLKH[VZZLSSL]HYVUHJHIVH[YH]tZKLS:VM[^HYLLZ[HKxZ[PJV:7::7YPTLYHTLU[LZLYLH
SPa}\UHUmSPZPZL_WSVYH[VYPVKLSVZKH[VZWHYHL]HS\HYSHJHSPKHKSHKPZ[YPI\JP}UHZPTL[YxH`J\Y[VZPZKL[LY
TPUHYSHZTLKPKHZKLYLZ\TLUTVKHTLKPH`TLKPHUH`JHSJ\SHYSHZTLKPKHZKLKPZWLYZP}U]HYPHUaH`
YHUNV(JVU[PU\HJP}U`JVULSÄUKLKHYYLZW\LZ[HHU\LZ[YHZWYLN\U[HZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}UZLYLHSPaHYVU
HUmSPZPZKLMYLJ\LUJPHZ(KLTmZZLYLHSPaHYVUHUmSPZPZLZ[HKxZ[PJVZKLZJYPW[P]VZ`KLMYLJ\LUJPHZWHYHH]L
YPN\HYJ\mSLYHSHW\U[\HJP}UTLKPH`SVZWVYJLU[HQLZWVYJHKH\UHKLSHZ]HYPHISLZLZ[\KPHKHZ
RESULTADOS
7HY[PLUKVKLSHUmSPZPZKLSVZKH[VZOLTVZWVKPKVL]PKLUJPHYSVZYLZ\S[HKVZKLSH;HISH/H`]HYPVZ
x[LTZJ\`HZTLKPHZZVUZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LTmZHS[HZ!SHYLÅL_P}UWLYZVUHSZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH
SHIZX\LKHLUPU[LYUL[SHLSHIVYHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZWHYHLSH\SH `SHYLÅL_P}UJVU
JVTWH|LYVZ KL JLU[YV ZVIYL SH L_WLYPLUJPH KPHYPH ` SH JVUZ\S[H KL ISVNZ 6[YVZ x[LTZ ZPU
LTIHYNVWYLZLU[HUTLKPHZZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LTmZIHQHZJVTV!SHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUYLKLZZVJPHSLZ
SH]PZP[HHV[YHZH\SHZVJLU[YVZSHLSHIVYHJP}UKLISVNZ VSHYLHSPaHJP}UKLJ\YZVZTHZP]VZLU
SxULH466*
Tabla 1 ,Z[HKxZ[PJVZKLZJYPW[P]VZ(J[P]PKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UPUMVYTHS
N Media Asimetría Curtosis Mínimo Máximo
9LÅL_P}UWLYZVUHSZVIYLSHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH 4

9LÅL_P}UJVUJVTWH|LYVZKLJLU[YVZVIYL
4
SHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH
9LÅL_P}UJVUJVTWH|LYVZKLV[YVZJLU[YVZ
4
ZVIYLSHZL_WLYPLUJPHZKPHYPHZ
9L\UPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUV[YVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
=PZP[HHV[YHZH\SHZ`JLU[YVZ 4
=PZP[HZHT\ZLVZ 4
=PZP[HZHL_WVZPJPVULZ 4
*VUZ\S[HWLYP}KPJVZYL]PZ[HZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ 4
*VUZ\S[HWLYP}KPJVZKLKP]\SNHJP}UJPLU[xÄJH 4
*VUZ\S[HSPIYVZPTWYLZVZ 4
*VUZ\S[HSPIYVZPTWYLZVZKLJVU[LUPKVZ 4
*VUZ\S[HPUMVYTLZHJHKtTPJVZ 4
4LKPVZKLJVT\UPJHJP}UKLTHZHZ 4
*VU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUMHTPSPHYLZ 4
*VU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUHTPZ[HKLZ 4
*VU]LYZHJPVULZPUMVYTHSLZJVUJVSLNHZ 4
9LKLZKLHWYLUKPaHQLWYVMLZPVUHS 4

,SHIVYHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZ
4
WHYHLSH\SH
<[PSPaHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZWHYHLSH\SH 4
+PZL|VKLWSHULZKL[YHIHQVLZWLJxÄJV 4
0U[LYJHTIPVZKLL_WLYPLUJPHZ 4
)ZX\LKHLUPU[LYUL[ 4
;\[VYPHSLZKLPU[LYUL[ 4
*VUZ\S[HKLIPISPV[LJHZKPNP[HSLZ 4
;YHIHQVJVUSPIYVZKPNP[HSLZ 4
*VUZ\S[HTH[LYPHSLZKPNP[HSLZ 4
7HY[PJPWHJP}ULUYLKLZZVJPHSLZ 4
,SHIVYHJP}UKLISVNZ 4
*VUZ\S[HISVNZ 4

)ZX\LKHLUYLWVZP[VYPVZKLYLJ\YZVZ
4
HIPLY[VZ
*\YZHY\U466* 4
CONCLUSIONES
,SJVUJLW[VKLLJVSVNxHZLZ\U[tYTPUVYLJPLU[L`JVTWSLQVJ\`VWVKLYL_WSPJH[P]VLZ[mJVIYHUKV
JHKH]LaTmZPTWVY[HUJPH/HJLYLMLYLUJPHH[VKVZHX\LSSVZTLJHUPZTVZYLJ\YZVZ`LZ[YH[LNPHZX\L
\[PSPaHLSWYVMLZVYHKVWHYHMVYTHYZLHSVSHYNVKLZ\]PKH;LUPLUKVLZ[VLUJ\LU[HZLOHJLPTWYLZJPUKPISL
JVUVJLYJ}TVKPZL|HU`\[PSPaHUSHZLJVSVNxHZLSWYVMLZVYHKVJVULSÄUKLLU[LUKLYJ\mSLZZVUSHZULJL
ZPKHKLZ`SHZWYLMLYLUJPHZHJ[\HSLZKLMVYTHJP}UKLSVZKVJLU[LZKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS9LZ\S[HL]PKLU[L
X\LSHZ;LJUVSVNxHZKLSH0UMVYTHJP}U`SH*VT\UPJHJP}ULZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLUT\JOVZKLSVZWYVJLZVZKL
MVYTHJP}UWLYVLZ[HYLHSPKHKZLPU[LUZPÄJHLUSVZJVU[L_[VZPUMVYTHSLZKLMVYTHJP}U,ZLULZ[LJVU[L_[V
KVUKLZL\IPJHSHH\[VMVYTHJP}U`[HTIPtULSHWYLUKPaHQLLZWVU[mULVUVPU[LUJPVUHKVKLYP]HKVKL]P]LU
JPHZ`ZP[\HJPVULZHZxJVTVPU[LYJHTIPVZKLYP]HKVZKLSH[YH`LJ[VYPH]P[HSX\LLZSVX\LOLTVZHUHSPaHKV
en este estudio.
3VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ L]PKLUJPHU X\L SVZ WYVMLZVYLZ KL[LYTPUHU JVTV HJ[P]PKHKLZ X\L \[PSPaHU LU TH`VY
TLKPKHWHYHKLZHYYVSSHYZLWYVMLZPVUHSTLU[L!SHYLÅL_P}UWLYZVUHS`NY\WHSZVIYLSHWYmJ[PJHKPHYPHSHZIZ
X\LKHZLUPU[LYUL[SHLSHIVYHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZWHYHLSH\SH`SHJVUZ\S[HKLISVNZ7VKYxHTVZ
OHJLY\UHLZWLJPÄJHJP}UTmZLUKL[HSSLKLSHZWYVW\LZ[HZX\LZLKL[LYTPUHUJVTVTmZ[PSLZWHYHLS
KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSWLYVZPUIHZL[LJUVS}NPJHX\LZLYxHU!SHYLÅL_P}UWLYZVUHS`JVUJVTWH|LYVZZVIYL
SHL_WLYPLUJPHKPHYPH`SHLSHIVYHJP}UKLYLJ\YZVZTH[LYPHSLZWHYHLSH\SH:PN\PLUKVSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZX\L
TmZOHUJVU[YPI\PKVH\UTLQVYKLZLTWL|VKVJLU[L`[PLULU\UHYHxa[LJUVS}NPJHZVU!SHIZX\LKHKL
PUMVYTHJP}ULUPU[LYUL[`SHJVUZ\S[HKL)SVNZ:PULTIHYNVSHYLHSPaHJP}UKL466*Z`SHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULU
YLKLZZVJPHSLZHJ[P]PKHKLZ[HTIPtUJVUIHZL[LJUVS}NPJHZVUKLLU[YL[VKHZSHZWYVW\LZ[HZSHZTLUVZ
]HSVYHKHZWVYSVZKVJLU[LZKLJHYHHZ\TLQVYHWYVMLZPVUHS
,SPU[LYtZLUWHY[PJPWHY`ZVJPHSPaHYOHWYLJPWP[HKVLSZ\YNPTPLU[VKLZPZ[LTHZKLYLKKPMLYLUJPHKVZSVZ
J\HSLZZLLU[PLUKLUKLHJ\LYKVJVU4HPUH`.HYJxHJVTVZLY]PJPVZX\LWYVWVYJPVUHUHJ\HSX\PLY
WLYZVUHMVYTHZKLJVULJ[HY`LZ[HISLJLYYLSHJPVULZZVJPHSLZKLNY\WVZYLKLZVLZ[HISLJLYJVUÄN\YHJPV
ULZ(J[\HSTLU[LZPN\PLUKVH:HUNYm`>OLLSLYSHZVWVY[\UPKHKLZWHYHYLJVNLYJYLHY`JVTWHY[PY
JVU[LUPKV`JVUVJPTPLU[VZVUTS[PWSLZ(ZxZLJVUZPKLYHLSHWYLUKPaHQLLUYLKJVTV\UNtULYVKLHWYLU
KPaHQL[LJUVS}NPJHTLU[LTLKPHKVKVUKLSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZ`SHZ[LJUVSVNxHZ^LIZVU\ZHKHZWHYHWYV
TV]LYJVUL_PVULZLU[YLLZ[\KPHU[LZYLJ\YZVZO\THUVZYLJ\YZVZKLJVU[LUPKV`JVT\UPKHKLZKLHWYLU
KPaHQL`[VKVLSSVWLYTP[LSPKPHYJVU[PU\HTLU[LJVU\UHJHU[PKHKJHKH]LaTH`VYKLPUMVYTHJP}UKPNP[HS
:PULTIHYNVSVZYLZ\S[HKVZVI[LUPKVZWVULUKLTHUPÄLZ[VX\LSVZYLJ\YZVZTLUVZ\[PSPaHKVZWHYH
LS KLZHYYVSSV WYVMLZPVUHS KVJLU[L [PLULU \UH IHZL [LJUVS}NPJH ` ZVU! SVZ 466*Z ` SHZ 9LKLZ :VJPHSLZ
(\UX\L SHZ ;LJUVSVNxHZ KL SH 0UMVYTHJP}U ` *VT\UPJHJP}U LZ[tU WYLZLU[LZ LU U\LZ[YV KxH H KxH OH`
HSN\UHZTVKHSPKHKLZX\L[VKH]xHWHYLJLUUVZLY[HUWY}_PTHZHSWYVMLZVYHKVÙVSHZLZ[mU\[PSPaHUKV
THZP]HTLU[LWHYHMVYTHYZL
,ZWVYLZ[VX\LWYVWVULTVZJVTVM\[\YHZSxULHZKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U\ULZ[\KPVTmZHTWSPVZVIYLSVZ
YLJ\YZVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZJVTV]xHZKLMVYTHJP}U`H\[VMVYTHJP}UKLSWYVMLZVYHKV+LLZ[LTVKVWVKYLTVZ
OHJLY\UHYHKPVNYHMxHKLJ\mSLZLSWHUVYHTHHJ[\HSZVIYLSH\[PSPaHJP}UKLLZ[VZYLJ\YZVZ`KPZL|HY\UH
WYVW\LZ[HKLMVYTHJP}UHQ\Z[HKHHSHZULJLZPKHKLZYLHSLZKLSVZKVJLU[LZ
)HYYVU ) 0U[LYLZ[ HUK ZLSM Z\Z[HPULK SLHYUPUN HZ JH[HS`Z[Z VM KL]LSVWTLU[! H SLHYUPUN LJVSVN`
WLYZWLJ[P]LHuman development, 49
.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4:HUNYn(:V\[V:LPQV(`,Z[t]La0,JVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLLUSH
,YH+PNP[HS!KLZHMxVZWHYHSH,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVYPublicaciones, 48,
1HJRZVU51The concept of Learning Ecologies,U1HJRZVU5`*VVWLY.),KZ3PML^PKL
3LHYUPUN,K\JH[PVUHUK7LYZVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[,)VVRW9LJ\WLYHKVKL!O[[W!^^^SPML^P
KLLIVVRJV\R\WSVHKZJOHW[LYFHWKM
3VVP*,UOHUJPUNSLHYUPUNLJVSVN`VU[OLPU[LYUL[1ournal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17

4HPUH4`.HYJxH0(Y[PJ\SHJP}UKLWLKHNVNxHZWLYZVUHSLZH[YH]tZKLSHZLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLU
KPaHQL,U).YVZ2PUZO\R`4HPUH4LKZEl futuro del aprendizaje ubicuo: aprender diseños para
pedagogías emergentesWW 5V[HZKLSH*VUMLYLUJPHLU[LJUVSVNxHLK\JH[P]H)LYSxU/LPKLS
ILYN!:WYPUNLY+60!
4HYJLSV* -VYTHSPKHKLPUMVYTHSPKHKLULSWYVJLZVKLHWYLUKLYHLUZL|HY. Revista de Educación,
350
:HHKH[THUK4`2\TW\SHPULU2Emerging technologies and new learning ecologies: learners’
perceptions of learning in open and networked environments,U7YVJVM[OL[O0U[*VUMVU5L[^VY
RLK3LHYUPUNWW
:HSPUHZ10UUV]HJP}UKVJLU[L`\ZVKLSHZ;0*LUSHLUZL|HUaH\UP]LYZP[HYPHRevista Universidad
y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 1,
:HUNYn(`>OLLSLY:5\L]HZMVYTHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSLZ!¦6LZ[HTVZMVYTHSPaHUKVSV
PUMVYTHS&9<:*<UP]LYZP[PLZHUK2UV^SLKNL:VJPL[`1V\YUHS10
:HUNYn(.\P[LY[47tYLa4H[LV4`,YULZ[7Lifelong Learning Ecologies and Teachers’
Professional Development: A Roadmap for Research,U7H\SZLU4-`:aJZ(3LHYUPUNHUK:\Z
[HPUHIPSP[`;OL5L^,JVZ`Z[LTVM0UUV]H[PVUHUK2UV^SLKNL0U7YVJVM[OL,+,5(UU\HS*VU
MLYLUJL+\ISPU0YLSHUK
:PLTLUZ.Connectivism: creating a learning ecology in distributed environments.,U/\N;O
LK+PKHJ[PJZVMTPJYVSLHYUPUN4UZ[LY>H_THUU
;HI\LUJH);LYUPLY:`:WLJO[47H[YVULZJV[PKPHUVZLULZ[\KPHU[LZKLMVYTHJP}UJVU[PU\H
WHYHSHJYLHJP}UKLLJVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaHQLRevista de Educación a Distancia, 37.9LJ\WLYHKVKL!
O[[W!^^^\TLZLHKYLK
;ÙLY2.\[PtYYLa(;VYYLNV(¸4\S[PHSMHIL[PaHJP}U¹ZPUT\YVZLUSHLYHKLSHJVU]LYNLUJPH3H
JVTWL[LUJPHKPNP[HS`SH¸J\S[\YHKLSOHJLY¹JVTVYL]\SZP]VZWHYH\UHLK\JHJP}UJVU[PU\H7YVMLZVYH
do. Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 19
AGRADECIMIENTOS
,Z[LHY[xJ\SVZLOHLSHIVYHKVLULSTHYJVKLSWYV`LJ[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U,*63,(95/,ÄUHUJPHKV
WVYLS405,*6`-,+,99LMLYLUJPH,+< 9
Alba Souto-Seijo
<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H Aprender en la
Olalla Sande
Sara López
Era Digital: recursos que
Bibiana Regueiro
favorecen el desarrollo
profesional docente
Learning in the
Digital Age:
resources that favour
teacher professional
development
Resumen
,U SH ZVJPLKHK HJ[\HS SHZ [LJUVSVNxHZ KL SH PUMVY

THJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}U;0*WV[LUJPHUV[YHMVYTHKL
HJJLZV HS JVUVJPTPLU[V WVZPIPSP[HUKV U\L]HZ VWVY[\UP
KHKLZ KL MVYTHJP}U ` HJ[\HSPaHJP}U ,S WYLZLU[L [YHIHQV
[PLULJVTVVIQL[P]VPKLU[PÄJHYSVZYLJ\YZVZX\LLTWSLHU
SVZKVJLU[LZLUSH,YH+PNP[HSWHYHMH]VYLJLYZ\KLZHYYVSSV
WYVMLZPVUHS KVJLU[L ,Z[H PU]LZ[PNHJP}U KL JVY[L J\HSP
[H[P]V ZL KLZHYYVSSH H [YH]tZ KL \U LZ[\KPV KL JHZVZ KL
J\H[YV KVJLU[LZ KL ,K\JHJP}U 0UMHU[PS 3VZ YLZ\S[HKVZ
PUKPJHUX\LLZ[VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ\[PSPaHUSVZTLKPVZ[LJUV
S}NPJVZWHYHZ\H\[VMVYTHJP}U(ZxWVYLQLTWSVLTWSLHU
SHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZWHYHJVU[HJ[HYJVUWLYZVUHZL_WLY[HZ
LU\UKL[LYTPUHKV[LTHVWHYHPU[LYJHTIPHYL_WLYPLUJPHZ
JVU WYVMLZVYHKV KL V[YVZ JLU[YVZ LK\JH[P]VZ (KLTmZ
[HTIPtU ZL MVYTHU H [YH]tZ KL SH JVUZ\S[H KL ISVNZ KL
466*ZVKLKPMLYLU[LZWSH[HMVYTHZVUSPUL,Z[HPU]LZ[PNH
JP}UWYL[LUKLTVZ[YHYSHZNYHUKLZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLMVY
THJP}UX\L[PLULUSVZKVJLU[LZHKLTmZKLSHZVMYLJPKHZ
WVY SHZ WYVWPHZ PUZ[P[\JPVULZ LK\JH[P]HZ ,Z PTWVY[HU[L
X\LLSWYVMLZVYHKVZLHJVUZJPLU[LKLLSSV`ZLHWYV]LJOL
KLSVZKP]LYZVZYLJ\YZVZHSVZX\LW\LKLHJJLKLYZLNU
sus necesidades.
Palabras clave: KLZHYYVSSV WYVMLZPVUHS KVJLU[L
HWYLUKPaHQL JVU[PU\V ZVJPLKHK KL SH PUMVYTHJP}U WYVML
ZVYHKVKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS
Abstract
5V^HKH`Z PUMVYTH[PVU HUK JVTT\UPJH[PVU [LJOUVSVNPLZ 0*; KL]LSVW HUV[OLY ^H` VM HJJLZZ [V
RUV^SLKNLLUHISPUNUL^SLHYUPUNVWWVY[\UP[PLZ;OLHPTVM[OPZYLZLHYJOPZ[VPKLU[PM`[OLYLZV\YJLZ[OH[
[LHJOLYZ\ZLPU[OL+PNP[HS(NL[VMH]V\Y[OLPYWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[HZ[LHJOLYZ;OPZYLZLHYJOPZX\H
SP[H[P]LHUKPZKL]LSVWLK[OYV\NOHJHZLZ[\K`VMMV\Y[LHJOLYZVM,HYS`*OPSKOVVK,K\JH[PVU;OLYLZ\S[Z
ZOV^[OH[[OLZLWYVMLZZPVUHSZ\ZL[OL[LJOUVSVNPJHSYLZV\YJLZMVY[OLPYZLSMSLHYUPUNMVYL_HTWSL[OL`\ZL
ZVJPHSUL[^VYRZ[VJVU[HJ[L_WLY[ZPUHJLY[HPU[VWPJVY[VL_JOHUNLL_WLYPLUJLZ^P[O[LHJOLYZMYVTV[OLY
ZJOVVSZ0UHKKP[PVU[OL`HSZVSLHYU[OYV\NO[OLJVUZ\S[H[PVUVMISVNZ466*ZVYKPќLYLU[VUSPULWSH[MVYTZ
;OPZ YLZLHYJO L_WLJ[Z [V ZOV^ [OL NYLH[ SLHYUPUN VWWVY[\UP[PLZ [OH[ [LHJOLYZ OH]L PU HKKP[PVU [V [OVZL
VќLYLKI`[OLLK\JH[PVUHSPUZ[P[\[PVUZ0[PZPTWVY[HU[[OH[[LHJOLYZHYLH^HYLVM[OPZHUKVM[OLKPќLYLU[
YLZV\YJLZ[OH[JHUILHJJLZZLKHJJVYKPUN[V[OLPYULLKZ
Keywords: [LHJOLYWYVMLZZPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[SPMLSVUNSLHYUPUNPUMVYTH[PVUZVJPL[`[LHJOLYZVM,HYS`
*OPSKOVVK,K\JH[PVU
Introducción
3HZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}U;0*LZ[mUWYLZLU[LZLU[VKVZSVZJVU[L_[VZKL
SH]PKHLPUÅ\`LULUJ}TVUVZJVTWVY[HTVZÙVZJVT\UPJHTVZNLULYHUKVJHTIPVZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZLU
SVZmTIP[VZSHIVYHSLJVU}TPJVKLLU[YL[LUPTPLU[V`WVYZ\W\LZ[VLSLK\JH[P]V:HHKH[THUK`2\TW\
SHPULU+LHJ\LYKVJVU-LU^PJRLZ[HYL]VS\JP}U[LJUVS}NPJHOH[YHUZMVYTHKVSVZWYVJLZVZ
KLHWYLUKPaHQLMH]VYLJPLUKVSHHWHYPJP}UKLU\L]HZWVZPIPSPKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZ;HS`JVTVHÄYTHU.VUam
SLa:HUTHTLK:HUNYn:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]LaW¸ZLOHWYVK\JPKV\UH]LYKHKLYHTL[HTVYMV
ZPZLUSHZTHULYHZLUJ}TVHWYLUKLTVZKHKHZSHZU\L]HZVWVY[\UPKHKLZX\LZLNLULYHU¹
(WLZHYKLX\LOHOHIPKVTS[PWSLZJHTIPVZLZ[VZH\[VYLZZL|HSHUJ\H[YVLSLTLU[VZWYPUJPWHSLZX\L
PTW\SZHULZ[HTL[HTVYMVZPZ.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK:HUNYn:V\[V:LPQV`,Z[t]La!
·SHJVULJ[P]PKHKX\LMH]VYLJLSHPU[LYHJJP}ULU[YLPN\HSLZ"
·LSLTWVKLYHTPLU[VKLSLZ[\KPHU[LLUSVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSH[VTHKLKLJPZPVULZZVIYLZ\HWYLUKPaHQL"
·SHZ\WLYHJP}UKLSHZIHYYLYHZLZWHJPV[LTWVYHSLZ`HX\LSHZ;0*WVZPIPSP[HUX\LLSHWYLUKPaHQLZL
SSL]LHJHIVLUJ\HSX\PLYTVTLU[V`S\NHYW\KPLUKV[VKHZP[\HJP}UWV[LUJPHYLSHWYLUKPaHQL"
·SHHJLW[HJP}UKLSHL_PZ[LUJPHKL\UHWYLUKPaHQLX\LH]LJLZUVWLYJPIPTVZWLYVX\LUVZWLYTP[L
VI[LULYJVTWL[LUJPHZLZLUJPHSLZWHYHU\LZ[YVKLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS
,Z M\UKHTLU[HS ZLY JVUZJPLU[LZ KL LZ[VZ HZWLJ[VZ W\LZ LS WYVMLZVYHKV KLIL KHY YLZW\LZ[H H SHZ
KLTHUKHZX\L]HULTLYNPLUKVHYHxaKLSVZH]HUJLZX\LZLWYVK\JLUNYHJPHZHSHZ[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHPUMVY
THJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}U(THY"3VTIHYKP`(IYPSLKL=VSSTLY (ZxZLOHJLULJLZHYPVX\L
SVZJP\KHKHUVZLUNLULYHS`SVZKVJLU[LZLUWHY[PJ\SHYHZ\THUSHPKLHKLSHWYLUKPaHQLWLYTHULU[LUVZ}SV
WHYH[LULY`WYVWVYJPVUHY\UHLK\JHJP}UHJ[\HSPaHKHZPUVWHYHZLYJHWHJLZKLKLZHYYVSSHYJHWHJPKHKLZ
X\LSLZWLYTP[HUHKHW[HYZL`YLZWVUKLYHSVZJHTIPVZKLSTH|HUH*VIV`4VYH]LJ
;HS`JVTVHÄYTH*VSSSHMVYTHJP}UJVU[PU\HLZ\UHLZ[YH[LNPHM\UKHTLU[HSWHYHWVKLYHMYVU[HY
[VKVZLZVZKLZHMxVZX\LZLWYVK\JLUJHKHKxHLUU\LZ[YHZVJPLKHK<UHKLSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZTmZYLSL
]HU[LZKLSHZVJPLKHKHJ[\HSLZX\LLSHWYLUKPaHQL`HUVZ}SV[PLULS\NHYLUSVZTHYJVZMVYTH[P]VZMVYTHSLZ
ZPUVX\L[HTIPtUZLOHSSHLULZWHJPVZUVMVYTHSLZLPUMVYTHSLZ3}WLa*HTWZ`3LHS-LYUmUKLa
+LHJ\LYKVJVULS*LU[YV,\YVWLVWHYHLS+LZHYYVSSVKLSH-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS*,+,-67
LSHWYLUKPaHQLMVYTHSLZPU[LUJPVUHSZLWYVK\JLLULU[VYUVZVYNHUPaHKVZJVTVW\LKLZLY\UHLZJ\LSH
`[PLUL\UVZVIQL[P]VZK\YHJP}U`YLJ\YZVZKL[LYTPUHKVZ:PULTIHYNVLSHWYLUKPaHQLPUMVYTHSUVLZ[m
LZ[Y\J[\YHKV`LUSHTH`VYxHKLSVZJHZVZUVLZPU[LUJPVUHS,Z[LHWYLUKPaHQLLZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJVKLHJ[P
]PKHKLZJV[PKPHUHZJVTVW\LKLUZLYLS[YHIHQVLSVJPVVSVZTS[PWSLZPU[LYJHTIPVZ`VWVY[\UPKHKLZX\L
VMYLJLUSHZYLSHJPVULZMHTPSPHYLZ,USVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSHWYLUKPaHQLUVMVYTHSLZ[LUVLZZPLTWYLPU[LUJPV
UHSÒHJLYLMLYLUJPHHSHWYLUKPaHQLX\LZLWYVK\JLJVTVJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHWHY[PJPWHJP}ULUHJ[P]PKHKLZ
VYNHUPaHKHZWVYKPMLYLU[LZPUZ[P[\JPVULZWLYVM\LYHKLSVX\LZLJVUVJLJVTVMVYTHJP}UYLNSHKH
*VTVZLOHWVKPKVVIZLY]HYSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ`HUVZVULSUPJVS\NHYLULSX\LZLYLHSPaHU
HJ[P]PKHKLZMVYTH[P]HZJVIYHUKVYLSL]HUJPHV[YVZJVU[L_[VZX\LJHKH]LaZLOHJLUTmZULJLZHYPVZHSH
OVYHKLHWYLUKLY*VSHYKÙ`)QVYUH]VSK7VY[VKVLSSVLZM\UKHTLU[HSX\LL_PZ[H\UHPU[LYHJJP}U
JVUZ[HU[LLU[YLSHMVYTHJP}UMVYTHSUVMVYTHSLPUMVYTHS
Objetivo
3HWYLZLU[LPU]LZ[PNHJP}U[PLULJVTVVIQL[P]VPKLU[PÄJHYSVZYLJ\YZVZX\LLTWSLHUSVZKVJLU[LZLUSH
,YH+PNP[HSWHYHMH]VYLJLYZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L
Método
,Z[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UKLJVY[LJ\HSP[H[P]VZLKLZHYYVSSHH[YH]tZKLSHLZ[YH[LNPHKLSLZ[\KPVKLJHZV:L
OHLSLNPKVSHTL[VKVSVNxHJ\HSP[H[P]HWVYX\LtZ[HUVZWYVWVYJPVUH\UJVU[HJ[VKPYLJ[VJVUSVZWHY[PJPWHU
[LZWLYTP[PLUKV¸JHW[HYZ\WLYZWLJ[P]HWLYZVUHSHSPULmUKVZLJVUZ\WYVWPHYLHSPKHK`JVTWHY[PLUKVZ\Z
L_WLYPLUJPHZ`Z\ZHJ[P[\KLZ¹4HZZV[+VYPV`:HIHYPLNVW+LLZ[HTHULYHLZ[LLUMVX\L
UVZH`\KHHJVTWYLUKLYYLHSPKHKLZJVTWSLQHZ`HJHW[HYSVZLSLTLU[VZZ\IQL[P]VZKLSVZWYVJLZVZZVJPH
SLZ7LKYHaAHYJV9HTHZJV`7HSTHY(ZPTPZTVZLOHYLJ\YYPKVHSLZ[\KPVKLJHZVWVYX\LLZ[H
LZ[YH[LNPHUVZWYVWVYJPVUHSHVWVY[\UPKHKKLPU]LZ[PNHY\UMLU}TLUVLUWYVM\UKPKHKKLU[YVKLSJVU[L_[V
KVUKLZLKLZHYYVSSH@PU,UWHSHIYHZKL:PTVUZW ¸LSLZ[\KPVKLJHZVLZ\ULZ[\KPVKL
SVZPUN\SHYSVWHY[PJ\SHYSVL_JS\ZP]V¹
7HY[PJPWHU[LZ
3VZWHY[PJPWHU[LZZVUJ\H[YVKVJLU[LZKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS[YLZT\QLYLZ`\UOVTIYLKLLU[YL
`H|VZ+LtZ[VZ\UHWLYZVUHPTWHY[LKVJLUJPHLULSWYPTLYJPJSVH|VZJVUJYL[HTLU[LLU\UH
LZJ\LSHKLWLUKPLU[LKLSH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH`[YLZLULSZLN\UKVJPJSVH|VZZPLUKVM\UJPVUHYPVZJVU
KLZ[PUVKLÄUP[P]VLU*LU[YVZ9\YHSLZ(NY\WHKVZ*9(KLSHWYV]PUJPHKL(*VY\|H
0UZ[Y\TLU[V
+LHJ\LYKVJVU9\Pa6SHI\tUHNHLUPU]LZ[PNHJP}UJ\HSP[H[P]HOH`[YLZWYPUJPWHSLZ[tJUPJHZKL
VI[LUJP}UKLKH[VZ!SHVIZLY]HJP}USHLU[YL]PZ[H`SHSLJ[\YHKL[L_[VZ,ULZ[LLZ[\KPVZLOHLZJVNPKVSH
ZLN\UKHKLLSSHZ`HX\LJVTVHÄYTHU=LYK`3VaHYLZSHLU[YL]PZ[HLZLSWYVJLKPTPLU[VKLYLJVNPKH
KLKH[VZJ\HSP[H[P]VZWVYL_JLSLUJPH,UJVUJYL[VZLOH\[PSPaHKVSHLU[YL]PZ[HZLTPLZ[Y\J[\YHKH`HX\LtZ[H
WLYTP[LHSLU[YL]PZ[HKVYPYHKLJ\HUKVSHZWYLN\U[HZHSHZYLZW\LZ[HZVMYLJPKHZWVYSHWLYZVUHLU[YL]PZ[HKH
JVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLVI[LULYSHTH`VYPUMVYTHJP}UWVZPISL4H`VYNH-LYUmUKLa,ULZ[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}U
ZL OHU YLHSPaHKV KVZ LU[YL]PZ[HZ H JHKH WHY[PJPWHU[L! \UH LU[YL]PZ[H KL JHYmJ[LY IPVNYmÄJV WHYH WVKLY
JVU[L_[\HSPaHY[HU[VZ\[YH`LJ[VYPHWLYZVUHSJVTVWYVMLZPVUHS`\UHLU[YL]PZ[HLUSHX\LPUKHNHTVZHJLYJH
KLSVZTLJHUPZTVZKLHWYLUKPaHQLX\LLTWSLHJHKH\UVKLLSSVZWHYHTHU[LULYZLHJ[\HSPaHKVKxHHKxH
7YVJLKPTPLU[V
,UWYPTLYS\NHYLZULJLZHYPVZL|HSHYX\LWHYHLZJVNLYHSNY\WVKLKVJLU[LZX\LOHWHY[PJPWHKVLULS
LZ[\KPVZLOH\[PSPaHKV\UHT\LZ[YHPU[LUJPVUHSLUIHZLHSVZJYP[LYPVZKLPKVULPKHK`KPZWVUPIPSPKHK<UH
]LaZLSLJJPVUHKVZSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZZLOHJVU[HJ[HKVJVULSSVZH[YH]tZKL\UHJHY[HKLWYLZLU[HJP}ULUSH
X\LZLSLZL_WSPJHIHSHÄUHSPKHKKLSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}U`ZLSVZPU]P[HIHHWHY[PJPWHYLUSHTPZTHX\LKHUKVH
Z\KPZWVZPJP}UWHYHYLZVS]LYJ\HSX\PLY[PWVKLK\KHHZxJVTVWHYHÄQHYSHZMLJOHZKLSVZLUJ\LU[YVZ<UH
]LaYLHSPaHKHZSHZLU[YL]PZ[HZZLWYVJLKP}HZ\[YHUZJYPWJP}UWHYHKLZW\tZWVKLYLMLJ[\HYSVZHUmSPZPZSVZ
J\HSLZZLYLHSPaHYVUH[YH]tZKLSTt[VKVJVTWHYH[P]VJVUZ[HU[L.SHZLY`:[YH\ZZ
,Z WYLJPZV KLZ[HJHY X\L ZL LTWSL} \U LZX\LTH KL HUmSPZPZ WHYH JHKH LU[YL]PZ[H ,U SH LU[YL]PZ[H
IPVNYmÄJHZLKPMLYLUJPHYVUKVZL[HWHZ!L[HWHLZJVSHY`L[HWHWYVMLZPVUHS*VUYLZWLJ[VHSHL[HWHLZJVSHY
SHPUMVYTHJP}UM\LVYNHUPaHKHLUKVZJH[LNVYxHZ!L_WLYPLUJPHZLPUÅ\LUJPHZ,Z[VUVZWLYTP[P}PKLU[PÄJHY
J}TV[YHUZJ\YYPLYVUSHZKPMLYLU[LZL[HWHZLK\JH[P]HZX\LJ\YZHYVUSVZKVJLU[LZ`LSWHWLSX\LQ\N}Z\
LU[VYUVHSHOVYHKL[VTHYJPLY[HZKLJPZPVULZHJHKtTPJHZ,UYLSHJP}UHSHL[HWHWYVMLZPVUHSSVZKH[VZZL
HNY\WHYVULU[YLZJH[LNVYxHZ!]P]LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZPUMVYTHJP}UYLSH[P]H[HU[VHZ\ZWYPTLYHZL_WLYPLU
JPHZSHIVYHSLZJVTVHZ\W\LZ[VHJ[\HS]HSVYHJPVULZHJLYJHKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VKLSYVSKVJLU[L`KL
SHLUZL|HUaH`YLÅL_PVULZZVIYLZ\ZTPLKVZ`L_WLJ[H[P]HZ
3HZLN\UKHLU[YL]PZ[HZLVYNHUPa}HWHY[PYKL[YLZJH[LNVYxHZWYPUJPWHSLZ!MVYTHJP}UPUZ[P[\JPVUHSMVY
THJP}UPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHS`H\[VMVYTHJP}U,USHWYPTLYHKLLSSHZZLYLJVNP}SHPUMVYTHJP}UYLSH[P]HH
J}TVHJJLKLUHLZ[L[PWVKLMVYTHJP}UJ\mSLZZVUZ\ZWYLMLYLUJPHZ`J}TVSH]HSVYHU*VUYLZWLJ[V
HSHMVYTHJP}UPUMVYTHSÙVMVYTHSZLHUHSPaHYVUSHZPUÅ\LUJPHZKLSLU[VYUV`SH[YHUZMLYLUJPHKLLZ[VZ
JVUVJPTPLU[VZHZ\WYmJ[PJHKVJLU[L-PUHSTLU[LLUSHJH[LNVYxHKLH\[VMVYTHJP}UZLKPMLYLUJPHYVUSVZ
TLJHUPZTVZ`YLJ\YZVZX\LLTWSLHULULZ[LWYVJLZV
Resultados
3VZYLZ\S[HKVZPUKPJHUX\L[VKVZSVZKVJLU[LZLTWSLHUSVZTLKPVZ[LJUVS}NPJVZLUZ\WYVJLZVKL
HJ[\HSPaHJP}U(KLTmZKLMVYTHYZLH[YH]tZKLS*LU[YVKL-VYTHJP}U`9LJ\YZVZ*-9SVZ[YLZKVJLU[LZ
X\LPTWHY[LUJSHZLLULSZLN\UKVJPJSVKL,K\JHJP}U0UMHU[PS[HTIPtUI\ZJHUJ\YZVZM\LYHKLSHVMLY[HMVY
TH[P]HX\LWYVWVYJPVUHSH?\U[HKL.HSPJPHHSPN\HSX\LSHWHY[PJPWHU[LX\L[YHIHQHLULSWYPTLYJPJSVKLIPKV
HX\LSVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZKLLZ[LJPJSVUV[PLULUHJJLZVHSHZHJ[P]PKHKLZX\LZLVYNHUPaHUH[YH]tZKLS*-9
(ZxWVYLQLTWSVLTWSLHUSHZYLKLZZVJPHSLZWHYHJVU[HJ[HYJVUWLYZVUHZL_WLY[HZLU\UKL[LYTPUH
KV[LTHVWHYHPU[LYJHTIPHYL_WLYPLUJPHZJVUWYVMLZVYHKVKLV[YVZJLU[YVZLK\JH[P]VZ,Z[VZKVJLU[LZ
SLKHU\UHNYHUPTWVY[HUJPHHSHH\[VMVYTHJP}ULZKLJPYHSHIZX\LKHKLYLJ\YZVZX\LLSSVZTPZTVZ
YLHSPaHUWHYHHTWSPHYZ\ZJVUVJPTPLU[VZZVIYLKPMLYLU[LZHZWLJ[VZ`HZxWHSPHYLZHZULJLZPKHKLZMVYTH
[P]HZKLSHZX\LZVUJVUZJPLU[LZ3VZYLJ\YZVZTmZLTWSLHKVZJVULZ[LÄUZVUSHJVUZ\S[HKLISVNZSH
WHY[PJPWHJP}ULU*\YZVZ4HZP]VZ(IPLY[VZLU3xULH466*VLSYLNPZ[YVLUKPMLYLU[LZWSH[HMVYTHZVUSPUL
,USVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSVZYLJ\YZVZX\LLTWSLHULULSH\SHLZWYLJPZVZL|HSHYX\L[VKVZSVZWYVMLZVYLZ
LTWSLHUKPHYPHTLU[LLSISVN[HU[VWHYHJVT\UPJHYZLJVUSHZMHTPSPHZJVTVWHYHJVTWHY[PYZ\ZL_WLYPLU
JPHZKLH\SHJVUV[YVZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ(ZPTPZTV[VKVZSVZKVJLU[LZH\UX\LLUTH`VYTLKPKHSVZX\L
[YHIHQHULULSZLN\UKVJPJSV\[PSPaHU\UHNYHUJHU[PKHKKLYLJ\YZVZKPNP[HSLZWHYHJYLHYZ\ZTH[LYPHSLZKL
H\SHKLTHULYHWLYZVUHSPaHKH(SN\UHZKLSHZOLYYHTPLU[HZX\LKLZ[HJHUZVU!*HSHTLV304>0?0ZZ\\
7YLaP.VVNSL,HY[OVHWSPJHJPVULZKLYLHSPKHKH\TLU[HKH-PUHSTLU[LLZPTWVY[HU[LZL|HSHYX\L\UVKL
SVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZJVSHIVYHKLTHULYHHJ[P]HLU\UIHUJVKLYLJ\YZVZWHYHKVJLU[LZJYLHUKV[HU[VYLJ\Y
ZVZVUSPULJVTVHJ[P]PKHKLZWHYHPTWYPTPYSVZJ\HSLZZVUJVSNHKVZLUSHYLKWHYHX\L[VKVZSVZKVJLU[LZ
W\LKHUHJJLKLYHLSSVZ
Conclusiones
,Z[HPU]LZ[PNHJP}UWVULKLTHUPÄLZ[VSHPTWVY[HUJPHKLTHU[LULYZLHJ[\HSPaHKVZLUSH,YH+PNP[HS3HZ
[LJUVSVNxHZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U`SHJVT\UPJHJP}UQ\LNHU\UWHWLSM\UKHTLU[HSLULSWYVJLZVKLHJ[\HSPaH
JP}UKLSVZKVJLU[LZ`HX\LWVZPIPSP[HUX\LtZ[VZZLMVYTLUKLTHULYHWLYZVUHSPaHKH[HU[VLUSVX\LZL
YLÄLYLHSJVU[LUPKVJVTVHS[PLTWV`HSLZWHJPV
,Z[LLZ[\KPVUVZOHWLYTP[PKVVIZLY]HYSHZNYHUKLZVWVY[\UPKHKLZKLMVYTHJP}UX\L[PLULUSVZKVJLU
[LZHKLTmZKLSHZVMYLJPKHZWVYSHZWYVWPHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZ,ZPTWVY[HU[LX\LLSWYVMLZVYHKV
ZLHJVUZJPLU[LKLLSSV`KLSVZKP]LYZVZYLJ\YZVZHSVZX\LW\LKLHJJLKLYZLNUZ\ZULJLZPKHKLZ`HX\L
LZ[VMH]VYLJLYmZ\KLZHYYVSSVWYVMLZPVUHS
Referencias
(THY=4Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, Sociedad y Educación. 4HKYPK!

,KP[VYPHS;tIHY
*,+,-67Terminology of European education and training policy. A selection of 130 key terms.
3\_LTIV\YN!6ѝJLMVY6ѝJPHS7\ISPJH[PVUZVM[OL,\YVWLHU*VTT\UP[PLZ9LJ\WLYHKVKL!#O[[W!^^^
JLKLMVWL\YVWHL\ÄSLZFLUWKM%
*VIV * ` 4VYH]LJ 1> Aprendizaje invisible. Hacia una nueva ecología de la educación.
)HYJLSVUH!7\ISPJHJPVUZP,KPJPVUZKLSH<UP]LYZP[H[KL)HYJLSVUH
*VSHYKÙ+ )QVYUH]VSK1=HSPKH[PVUVM-VYTHS5VU-VYTHSHUK0UMVYTHS3LHYUPUN!WVSPJ`
HUKWYHJ[PJLZPU,<4LTILY:[H[LZEuropean Journal of Education, 39 9LJ\WLYHKVKLO[[W!
VUSPULSPIYHY`^PSL`JVTKVPQ_LWKM
*VSS*,SJ\YYxJ\SVLZJVSHYLULSTHYJVKLSHU\L]HLJVSVNxHKLSHWYLUKPaHQLAula de innova-
ción educativa
-LU^PJR;;PKLZVMJOHUNL5L^[OLTLZHUKX\LZ[PVUZPU^VYRWSHJLSLHYUPUN,U;-LU^PJR
LKSocio-cultural perspectives on learning through work WW:HU-YHUJPZJV!1VZZL`)HZZ
.SHZLY)`:[YH\ZZ( The Discovery of Grounded Theory,*OPJHNV!(SKPUL7\ISPZOPUN*VT
WHU`
.VUamSLa:HUTHTLK4:HUNYm(:V\[V:LPQV(`,Z[t]La0,JVSVNxHZKLHWYLUKPaH
QL LU SH LYH KPNP[HS! KLZHMxVZ WHYH SH LK\JHJP}U Z\WLYPVY Publicaciones KVP! O[[W!K_KVP
VYNW\ISPJHJPVULZ]P
3VTIHYKP.`(IYPSLKL=VSSTLY4 3HMVYTHJP}UKVJLU[LJVTVZPZ[LTH!KLSHMVYTHJP}U
PUPJPHS HS KLZHYYVSSV WYVMLZPVUHS 9LÅL_PVULZ H WHY[PY KL SH L_WLYPLUJPH HYNLU[PUH Aprendizaje y desarrollo
profesional docente
3}WLa*HTWZ1 3LHS-LYUmUKLa0Cómo aprender en la sociedad del conocimiento.)HY
JLSVUH!,KPJPVULZ.LZ[P}U
4HZZV[0+VYPV0 :HIHYPLNV4,Z[YH[LNPHZKLYLJVNPKH`HUmSPZPZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U,U9
)PZX\LYYH*VVYKMetodología de la investigación cualitativaWW . 4HKYPK!3H4\YHSSH
4H`VYNH-LYUmUKLa413HLU[YL]PZ[HJ\HSP[H[P]HJVTV[tJUPJHKLSHL]HS\HJP}UKLSHKVJLU
JPH\UP]LYZP[HYPHRevista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa, 10
7LKYHa(AHYJV19HTHZJV4 7HSTHY(4Investigación cualitativa)HYJLSVUH!,SZL
]PLY
9\Pa6SHI\tUHNH10Metodología de la investigación cualitativa.)PSIHV!7\ISPJHJPVULZ<UP]LY
sidad de Deusto.
:HHKH[THUK 4 ` 2\TW\SHPULU 2 ,TLYNPUN ;LJOUVSVNPLZ HUK 5L^ 3LHYUPUN ,JVSVNPLZ!
3LHYULYZ»7LYJLW[PVUZVM3LHYUPUNPU6WLUHUK5L[^VYRLK,U]PYVUTLU[Z,U=/VKNZVU*1VULZ4
KL3HH[+4J*VUULS;9ÌLYN`7:SVWLKLKZProceeding of the 8th International Conference on
Networked Learning WW<UP]LYZP[`VM/LSZPURP
:PTVUZ/El estudio de caso: Teoría y práctica.4HKYPK!4VYH[H
=LYK14`3VaHYLZ*Introducción a la investigación cualitativa. Fases, métodos y técnicas.
4HKYPK!:xU[LZPZ
@PU92Case Study Research and Applications. Design and Methods[OLKP[PVU;OV\ZHUK
6HRZ!:HNL7\ISPJH[PVUZ
Agradecimientos
,Z[LLZ[\KPVZLOHLSHIVYHKVLULSTHYJVKLSWYV`LJ[VKLPU]LZ[PNHJP}U,*63,(95/,X\LOH
JVU[HKVJVUMVUKVZKLS405,*6`KL-,+,99LMLYLUJPH,+< 9

,:*<3*(9LKL90,:
Variables determinantes
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H en el acceso al empleo
de los graduados
QLZ\ZNHYJPHHS]HYLa'\ZJLZ
Ana Vázquez-Rodríguez
,:*<3*(9LKL90,:
universitarios.
KL*VTWVZ[LSH,ZWH|H
HUH]HaX\La'\ZJLZ Validación de una escala
Resumen
,S ZLN\PTPLU[V KL SVZ NYHK\HKVZ LZ \U [LTH KL

YLJPLU[L HWHYPJP}U LU SHZ \UP]LYZPKHKLZ LZWH|VSHZ 5V
VIZ[HU[L LZ[HZ OHU [HYKHKV WVJV [PLTWV LU HZ\TPY
U\L]VZ WYVJLZVZ X\L SL WLYTP[PLZLU TLKPY LS KLZHYYVSSV
HJHKtTPJVSHIVYHSKLZ\ZLZ[\KPHU[LZPUJS\ZVLUHSN\UHZ
ZL OH ]\LS[V \U WYVJLKPTPLU[V YLN\SHY KL JVU[YVS H UP]LS
PUZ[P[\JPVUHS 3HZ WYPUJPWHSLZ JVUJS\ZPVULZ LU YLSHJP}U HS
UP]LS KL LTWSLHIPSPKHK KL SVZ \UP]LYZP[HYPVZ X\L ZL OHU
MVYTHKV LU IHZL HS TVKLSV Bolonia LTWPLaHU H JVUMVY
THYZLHOVYH7LYVSHIPISPVNYHMxHL_PZ[LU[LZVIYLLZ[L[LTH
JVU[PUHZPLUKVLZJHZH`LUSHTH`VYxHKLSVZJHZVZUV
JVU[LTWSHLSTHYJVKLS,,,:(KLTmZSVZHUmSPZPZYLHSP
aHKVZZVUW\YHTLU[LL_WSVYH[VYPVZSPTP[mUKVZLHKLZJYP
IPYSHZP[\HJP}UKLLZ[VZQ}]LULZLULSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV
ZPUWYVM\UKPaHYLUSHZJVUKPJPVULZKLHJJLZVWYLWHYHJP}U
WLYJPIPKH ]HSVYHJP}U KL LZ[\KPVZ V MHJ[VYLZ KL LTWSLH
IPSPKHK`VJ\WHIPSPKHK,SSVUVZOHSSL]HKVHKPZL|HY\UH
,ZJHSH[PWV3PRLY[X\LYLJVNL\UJVUQ\U[VKLx[LTZWHYH
]HSVYHY LS NYHKV KL ZH[PZMHJJP}U KLS HS\TUHKV JVU SVZ
LZ[\KPVZ J\YZHKVZ ` SH JVU[YPI\JP}U KL SH PUZ[P[\JP}U \UP
]LYZP[HYPHHZ\LTWSLHIPSPKHK*VULSSHZLWYL[LUKLHUHSPaHY
SHULJLZPKHKKLJVTWSL[HYSHMVYTHJP}UYLJPIPKHLSUP]LSKL
WYLWHYHJP}UWHYHSHPUZLYJP}UJVU[YPI\JP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZ
HSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHSNYHKVKLJVUÄN\YHJP}UKL\UP[PUL
YHYPV HJHKtTPJVWYVMLZPVUHS ` LS UP]LS KL YLSHJP}U KL SVZ
LZ[\KPVZJVULSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV7HYHZ\]HSPKHJP}UZL
YLHSPa} \U (UmSPZPZ -HJ[VYPHS ,_WSVYH[VYPV (-, KL *VT
WVULU[LZ7YPUJPWHSLZ`WVZ[LYPVYTLU[L\U(UmSPZPZ-HJ
[VYPHS*VUÄYTH[VYPV(-*VI[LUPLUKVLUHTIVZJHZVZ
YLZ\S[HKVZX\LL]PKLUJPHU\UHI\LUHJVUZPZ[LUJPHPU[LYUH
`]HSPKLaKLJVUZ[Y\J[V
Palabras clave: LTWSLHIPSPKHK" NYHK\HKVZ \UP]LYZP
[HYPVZ"MVYTHJP}U"LK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY
Introducción
3HHKHW[HJP}UKLSZPZ[LTH\UP]LYZP[HYPVLZWH|VSHS,ZWHJPV,\YVWLVKL,K\JHJP}U:\WLYPVY,,,:ZL
SSL]}HJHIVTLKPHU[LSHYLKLÄUPJP}UKLSJH[mSVNVKL[P[\SHJPVULZL_PZ[LU[L+PJOVWYVJLZV[YHQVJVUZPNV
\UH[YHUZMVYTHJP}UKLSHLZ[Y\J[\YH\UP]LYZP[HYPHJVTVJVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSHWYVT\SNHJP}UKLSVZ9LHSLZ
+LJYL[VZKLLZ[\KPVZVÄJPHSLZKLNYHKV`KLWVZNYHKV,Z[VZKLJYL[VZYLHJ[\HSPaHYVULSTHYJVQ\YxKPJV
X\LWVZPIPSP[}HSHZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZSHLZ[Y\J[\YHJP}UJVUÅL_PIPSPKHK`JPLY[HH\[VUVTxHKLSHZLUZL|HUaHZ
VÄJPHSLZWLUZHUKVLU\UHZLUKHKLHYTVUPaHJP}UTmZJVOLYLU[LLULSmTIP[VL\YVWLV
:PULTIHYNVSHVYNHUPaHJP}UKLSVZWYVNYHTHZYLX\PLYLPKLU[PÄJHYLUX\tTLKPKHZLOHUHSJHUaHKV
SVZVIQL[P]VZPUPJPHSTLU[LWSHU[LHKVZ+LZKL\UW\U[VKL]PZ[HWYmJ[PJVSH\UP]LYZPKHKHZ\TLJVTVVIQL
[P]VWHY[PJPWHYLULSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS`MVYTH[P]VKLZ\HS\TUHKVJVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLJHWHJP[HYSVWHYHZ\
PUZLYJP}USHIVYHS-\LHZxX\LSHWYVW\LZ[HKLLZ[Y\J[\YHJP}UKLSHZU\L]HZLUZL|HUaHZKL.YHKVHZ\TP}
L_WSxJP[HTLU[LX\LSVM\UKHTLU[HSWHZHIHWVYMH]VYLJLYSHLTWSLHIPSPKHK`SHVJ\WHIPSPKHKKLSVZM\[\YVZ
NYHK\HKVZ,SWYVW}ZP[VLYHPULX\x]VJV!HYTVUPaHYLSZPZ[LTHKLLK\JHJP}UZ\WLYPVY`MH]VYLJLYSHTV]PSP
KHKKLKVJLU[LZKPZJLU[LZLPU]LZ[PNHKVYLZ
+LSHZKP]LYZHZ[YHUZPJPVULZWVYSHZX\LWHZH[VKVPUKP]PK\VSH[YHUZPJP}UHSH]PKHHJ[P]HLZ\UHKLSHZ
]LYKHKLYHTLU[LJYx[PJHZTm_PTLHU[LSHZP[\HJP}UKLSHJ[\HSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV@ZPH|HKPTVZSHYLJPLU[L
HWHYPJP}UKL\UU\L]V¸ZPZ[LTHKLJHWHJP[HJP}USHIVYHS¹LSJ\HKYVZLWLYÄSHTmZJVTWSLQV,Z[H[YHUZPJP}U
ZL]PUJ\SHHJPLY[VZMHJ[VYLZVLSLTLU[VZX\LTLYLJLUYLÅL_P}U"HOxJVU[HTVZSVZHZWLJ[VZX\LKPÄJ\S[HULS
WYVJLZVKLPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSSHZWYLMLYLUJPHZHJHKtTPJVSHIVYHSLZLSNYHKVKLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLYLJ\YZVZ`
[tJUPJHZWHYHSHI\ZJHKLLTWSLVSHZP[\HJP}UHJHKtTPJVSHIVYHSSH]HSVYHJP}UKLJVTWL[LUJPHZ[YHUZ]LYZHSLZ
`LZWLJxÄJHZSHJVUZPKLYHJP}UHJLYJHKLKL[LYTPUHKVZMHJ[VYLZPTWVY[HU[LZWHYHSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKVLSTPZTV
UP]LSKLZH[PZMHJJP}UNLULYHSJVUSHMVYTHJP}U
,SZLN\PTPLU[VKLSVZNYHK\HKVZLZ\U[LTHKLYLJPLU[LHWHYPJP}ULUSHZ\UP]LYZPKHKLZLZWH|VSHZ
5V VIZ[HU[L LZ[HZ OHU [HYKHKV WVJV [PLTWV LU HZ\TPY U\L]VZ WYVJLZVZ X\L SL WLYTP[PLZLU TLKPY LS
KLZHYYVSSVHJHKtTPJVSHIVYHSKLZ\ZLZ[\KPHU[LZPUJS\ZVLUHSN\UHZZLOH]\LS[V\UWYVJLKPTPLU[VYLN\SHY
KLJVU[YVSHUP]LSPUZ[P[\JPVUHS3HZWYPUJPWHSLZJVUJS\ZPVULZLUYLSHJP}UHSUP]LSKLLTWSLHIPSPKHKKLSVZ
\UP]LYZP[HYPVZ X\L ZL OHU MVYTHKV LU IHZL HS TVKLSV Bolonia LTWPLaHU H JVUMVYTHYZL HOVYH 7LYV SH
IPISPVNYHMxHL_PZ[LU[LZVIYLLZ[L[LTHJVU[PUHZPLUKVLZJHZH`LUSHTH`VYxHKLSVZJHZVZUVJVU[LTWSH
LSTHYJVKLS,,,:
,ULZ[LZLU[PKVLSLZ[\KPVKLSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHSKLSVZNYHK\HKVZHSTHYNLUKLZ\[P[\SHJP}UYLZ\S[H
JVU[YV]LY[PKVHSHWHYX\LKLNYHUYLSL]HUJPHLU[tYTPUVZKLVW[PTPaHJP}UKLSHLTWSLHIPSPKHKTV[P]VWVYLS
J\HSOLTVZKPZL|HKV\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPVJVULSVIQL[P]VKLJVUVJLYSHVWPUP}UKLSHS\TUHKVLUYLSHJP}UJVUSH
MVYTHJP}UX\LSLOHWYVWVYJPVUHKVSH\UP]LYZPKHK`SH\[PSPKHKX\LSLHZVJPHULUZ\M\[\YVHJJLZVHSLTWSLV
+PJOVJ\LZ[PVUHYPVZLJVTWVULKLJ\H[YVLZJHSHZKLSHZJ\HSLZHUHSPaHYLTVZSHÄHIPSPKHK`]HSPKLaKLSH
YLMLYPKHHSHZWYPUJPWHSLZ]HYPHISLZKL[LYTPUHU[LZKLHJJLZVHSLTWSLV
Método
([YH]tZKL\UHTL[VKVSVNxHKLJVY[LJ\HU[P[H[P]VOLTVZLMLJ[\HKV\UHUmSPZPZKL]HSPKHJP}UKL\UH
KLSHZLZJHSHZYLJVNPKHZLU\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPVKPYPNPKVH\UP]LYZP[HYPVZLSJ\HSM\LHWSPJHKVJVUHU[LYPVYPKHK
H\U[V[HSKL LZ[\KPHU[LZKLS[PTVJ\YZV*VUKPJOVPUZ[Y\TLU[VZLWYL[LUKxHYLJVNLYPUMVYTHJP}U
HJLYJHKLL_WLJ[H[P]HZJVUVJPTPLU[VZVIYLYLJ\YZVZ`MHJ[VYLZKLPU[LYtZWHYHSHVI[LUJP}UKL\ULTWSLV
UP]LS KL WYLWHYHJP}U WLYJPIPKV WHY[PJPWHJP}U KL SH \UP]LYZPKHK LU Z\ KLZHYYVSSV WYVMLZPVUHS ` ]HSVYHJP}U
NLULYHSKLZ\ZLZ[\KPVZKLZKLSHWLYZWLJ[P]HKLSHPUZLYJP}USHIVYHS
Resultados
,U SH LZJHSH HUHSPaHKH ZL WSHU[LHU \UH ZLYPL KL x[LTZ YLSHJPVUHKV JVU LS NYHKV KL ZH[PZMHJJP}U KLS
HS\TUHKVJVUSVZLZ[\KPVZJ\YZHKVZ,U[YLV[YHZJ\LZ[PVULZZLHIVYKHSHULJLZPKHKKLJVTWSL[HYSHMVY
THJP}UYLJPIPKHUP]LSKLWYLWHYHJP}UWHYHSHPUZLYJP}UJVU[YPI\JP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZHSKLZHYYVSSVWLYZVUHS
NYHKVKLJVUÄN\YHJP}UKL\UP[PULYHYPVHJHKtTPJVWYVMLZPVUHSVUP]LSKLYLSHJP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZJVULS
TLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV(SWYPUJPWPVLYHUVUJLSVZx[LTZKLSHLZJHSHWLYV[YHZYLHSPaHYLS(-,KL*VTWV
ULU[LZ7YPUJPWHSLZM\LWYLJPZVLSPTPUHYKVZYLZ\S[HUKV\UHLZJHSHKLU\L]L x[LTZ]tHZL[HISH
Tabla 1:4H[YPaKL*VTWVULU[LZ9V[HKVZ
ITEMS Factor I Factor II
¦*VUZPKLYHZX\L[\\UP]LYZPKHK[LH`\K}HJVUVJLYSHZZHSPKHZ

WYVMLZPVUHSLZKL[\ZLZ[\KPVZ&
¦*YLLZX\LSVZJVU[LUPKVZX\LZLKLZHYYVSSHULU[\JHYYLYHZLLUJ\LU

[YHUHKHW[HKVZHSHZL_PNLUJPHZKLSTLYJHKVKL[YHIHQV&
(UP]LSNLULYHS¦WPLUZHZX\L[\ZLZ[\KPVZKL7LKHNVNxHZLLUJ\LU[YHU

LUJVUL_P}UJVUSHYLHSPKHKZVJPVSHIVYHS&
¦,UX\tTLKPKH[\ZLZ[\KPVZ[LH`\KHYVUHJVUÄN\YHY[\P[PULYHYPV

HJHKtTPJVWYVMLZPVUHS&
¦,UX\tTLKPKH[\MVYTHJP}U[LWLYTP[P}LZ[HISLJLY]xUJ\SVZLU[YLSH

YLHSPKHKHJHKtTPJH`SHZVJPHS`SHIVYHS&
¦*VUZPKLYHZX\LKLZKL[\JHYYLYHZL[YHIHQHUJVTWL[LUJPHZJSH]LWHYH

SHPUZLYJP}ULULST\UKVSHIVYHS&
¦*YLLZX\LSVZLZ[\KPVZKL7LKHNVNxHMH]VYLJLU[\HJJLZVHSLTWSLV&
¦*VUZPKLYHZX\LLZ[mZZ\ÄJPLU[LTLU[LWYLWHYHKVWHYHPUZLY[HY[LLUSH

VJ\WHJP}UX\LKLZLHZ&
¦*VUZPKLYHZX\LSVZLZ[\KPVZKL7LKHNVNxHJVU[YPI\`LYVUH[\KLZHY

YVSSVWLYZVUHS&
3HL_[YHJJP}UPUPJPHSKPZ[PUN\LKVZMHJ[VYLZZPNUPÄJH[P]VZ!JVUL_P}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZJVULSTLYJHKV
SHIVYHSx[LTZ` `H\[VL]HS\HJP}UKLSHMVYTHJP}UYLJPIPKHx[LTZ`X\LL_WSPJHU
LSKLSH]HYPHUaH;HTIPtUVIZLY]HTVZ\UHI\LUHJVUZPZ[LUJPHPU[LYUH[HS`JVTVYLJVNLUSVZ
]HSVYLZтLU[YL`*VUJYL[HTLU[LSHTH[YPaKLJVTWVULU[LZYV[HKVZUVZT\LZ[YHSVZZPN\PLU[LZ
YLZ\S[HKVZ!
-HJ[VY0!*VUL_P}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZJVULSTLYJHKVSHIVYHSт$!x[LTx[LT x[LT
x[LT x[LT Lx[LT
-HJ[VY00!(\[VL]HS\HJP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPVZт$!x[LTx[LTLx[LT
(ZPTPZTVZLWYVJLKP}HYLHSPaHY\U(-*JVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLYLHÄYTHYSH]HSPKLaKLJVUZ[Y\J[V[HS`
JVTVZLT\LZ[YHLUSHÄN\YH
Figura 1:(UmSPZPZ-HJ[VYPHS*VUÄYTH[VYPV
Tabla 2:0UKPJHKVYLZKLIVUKHKKLHQ\Z[LKLSTVKLSV
gl p /gl GFI CFI RMSEA[IC] SRMR
34.48 BD
3VZ xUKPJLZ KL SH [HISH UVZ PUMVYTHU KL \U I\LU HQ\Z[L HS TVKLSV 3H WY\LIH KL $
W$UVZPUKPJHUKL\UHKPZ[HUJPHLU[YLSHTH[YPaKL]HYPHUaHZJV]HYPHUaHZT\LZ[YHS`SHOPWV[t[PJHUV
ZPNUPÄJH[P]HZL|HSHUKVX\LKPJOV]HSVYUVKLILZLYZPNUPÄJH[P]VWHYHHÄYTHYSHUVL_PZ[LUJPHKLKPZJYLWHU
JPHLU[YLHTIHZTH[YPJLZ)LU[SLY )VUL[[ 5VVIZ[HU[LLZ\ULZ[HKxZ[PJVT\`ZLUZPISLHS[HTH|V
KLSHT\LZ[YHJVUUZ\LSLZLYZPNUPÄJH[P]V7VY[HU[VKLILHJVTWH|HYZLJVUV[YVZxUKPJLZLU[YL
SVZJ\HSLZKLZ[HJHU!
.-0;HUHRH /\IH X\L[VTH]HSVYLZLU[YL``W\LKLPU[LYWYL[HYZLJVTV\UJVLÄJPLU[L

KLKL[LYTPUHJP}UT\S[P]HYPHKV<U]HSVYZ\WLYPVYH LZPUKPJH[P]VKLI\LUHQ\Z[L
*-0)LU[SLY X\LLZ\UxUKPJLKLHQ\Z[LJVTWHYH[P]V`]HSVYLZLU[YL ` ZVUPUKPJHKVYLZ
KLI\LUHQ\Z[L

3HZLSPWZLZYLWYLZLU[HUSVZMHJ[VYLZ`SVZYLJ[mUN\SVZSHZ]HYPHISLZVIZLY]HKHZ
94:,(:[LPNLY X\LPUMVYTHKLSHKPMLYLUJPHLU[YLSHTH[YPaKLJVYYLSHJPVULZWVISHJPVUHS`SH
WYVW\LZ[HLULSTVKLSVKLSHT\LZ[YH\[PSPaHKH=HSVYLZTLUVYLZHPUKPJHU\UI\LUHQ\Z[L
:949/\ )LU[SLY X\LPUMVYTHKLSVZYLZPK\HSLZLZ[HUKHYPaHKVZ`HSPN\HSX\LLSHU[LYPVY\U
]HSVYPUMLYPVYHPUKPJH\UI\LUHQ\Z[L
;LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HSVZWHYmTL[YVZX\LSVZH\[VYLZHYYPIHJP[HKVZLZ[HISLJLUWHYHJHKH\UVKLSVZ
xUKPJLZJVTWYVIHTVZX\L[VKVZSVZ]HSVYLZVI[LUPKVZUVZPUKPJHU\UI\LUHQ\Z[L
Conclusión
(UP]LSNLULYHSSHLZJHSHT\LZ[YH[HU[V\UHI\LUHJVUZPZ[LUJPHPU[LYUHJVTV]HSPKLaKLJVUZ[Y\J[V
3VZx[LTZX\LÄUHSTLU[LSHJVTWVULUJVYYLSHJPVUHUZPNUPÄJH[P]H`WVZP[P]HTLU[LJVULS[V[HSKLSHLZJHSH
+LPN\HSTVKVSVZPUKPJHKVYLZKLIVUKHKKLHQ\Z[LT\LZ[YHUxUKPJLZX\LJVYYVIVYHULU[VKVZSVZJHZVZ
SH]HSPKLaKLJVUZ[Y\J[V
Bibliografía
)LU[SLY74 *VTWHYH[P]LÄ[PUKL_LZPUZ[Y\J[\YHSTVKLSZPsychological Bulletin

)LU[SLY74 )VUL[[+. :PNUPÄJHUJL[LZ[ZHUKNVVKULZZVMÄ[PU[OLHUHS`ZPZVMJV]HYPHUJL
structures. Psychological Bulletin
/\3; )LU[SLY74 *\[Vќ*YP[LYPHMVY-P[0UKL_LZPU*V]HYPHUJL:[Y\J[\YL(UHS`ZPZ!*VU]LU[PV
UHS*YP[LYPH=LYZ\Z5L^(S[LYUH[P]LZStructural Equation Modeling6
;HUHRH1: /\IH.1 (Ä[PUKL_MVYJV]HYPHUJLZ[Y\J[\YLTVKLSZ\UKLYHYIP[YHY`.3:LZ[PTH
tion. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology ¶
:[LPNLY1/ :[Y\J[\YHSTVKLSL]HS\H[PVUHUKTVKPÄJH[PVU!HUPU[LY]HSLZ[PTH[PVUHWWYVHJOMulti-
variate Behavioural Research
Sarceda-Gorgoso, M. Carmen
`+PKmJ[PJH<:*
Percepción del
.Y\WVKL,Z[\KPVZLU-VYTHJP}U
L0UZLYJP}U3HIVYHS.,-03 Futuro Profesorado
Técnico de Formación
KLSH<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNV
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
JHYTLUZHYJLKH'\ZJLZ
Rodicio-García, M. Luisa
+W[V+PKmJ[PJHZ,ZWLJxÄJHZ
Profesional Sobre su
`4t[VKVZKL0U]LZ[PNHJP}U`
+PHNU}Z[PJVLU,K\JHJP}U<+* Formación Pedagógica
y Didáctica
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
TYVKPJPV'\KJLZ Perception of the Future
Caldeiro-Pedreira, Mari Carmen
+LWHY[HTLU[VKL7LKHNVNxH Technical Teachers
`+PKmJ[PJH<:*
of Vocational Training
KL*VTWVZ[LSH on Their Pedagogical
TJHYTLUJHSKLPYV'\ZJLZ
Raquel Mariño Fernández and Didactic Training
`+PKmJ[PJH<:*
KL*VTWVZ[LSH RESUMEN
YHX\LSTHYPUV'\ZJLZ
,S*\YZVKLLZWLJPHSPaHJP}ULUMVYTHJP}UWLKHN}NPJH
` KPKmJ[PJH KLS WYVMLZVYHKV [tJUPJV KL MVYTHJP}U WYVML
ZPVUHS-7KHYLZW\LZ[HH\UHL_PNLUJPHSLNHSLZ[HISLJPKH
HUP]LSKLMVYTHJP}UPUPJPHSKLSWYVMLZVYHKV[tJUPJVKL-7
]PUJ\SHKHHSHULJLZPKHKKLKLZHYYVSSHYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZ
KPKmJ[PJHZWHYHSHM\[\YHSHIVYKVJLU[L(\UX\LLZ[LYLX\P
ZP[VZLLZ[HISLJLJVUSH3L`6YNmUPJHKL,K\JHJP}ULULS
H|V UV ZLYm OHZ[H LS J\YZV J\HUKV H
[YH]tZKL\UJVU]LUPVÄYTHKVWVYSH*VUZLSSLYxHKL*\S
[\YH ,K\JHJP}U ` 6YKLUHJP}U <UP]LYZP[HYPH ` SH <UP]LYZP
KHKKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSHZLKtYLZW\LZ[HHLZ[H
ULJLZPKHKLULSJVU[L_[VKLSH*VT\UPKHK(\[}UVTHKL
.HSPJPH
,U LZ[L [YHIHQV ZL YLHSPaH \UH L]HS\HJP}U KL LZ[L
J\YZV([YH]tZKL\UHTL[VKVSVNxHJ\HU[P[H[P]HKLJVY[L
KLZJYPW[P]V LU SH X\L LS J\LZ[PVUHYPV ZL JVUZ[P[\`L LU LS
PUZ[Y\TLU[VKLYLJVNPKHKLPUMVYTHJP}USHZ]HSVYHJPVULZ
KL SVZ WHY[PJPWHU[LZ WVULU KL THUPÄLZ[V Z\ ZH[PZMHJJP}U
NLULYHSJVULSKLZHYYVSSVKLSJ\YZV:PULTIHYNVZLHWYL
JPHU[HTIPtULZWHJPVZWHYHSHTLQVYHLZWLJPHSTLU[LLUSV
X\LYLZWLJ[HHSHK\YHJP}UKLSVZKPZ[PU[VZT}K\SVZ
Palabras clave: -VYTHJP}U WYVMLZPVUHS MVYTHJP}U

KLSWYVMLZVYHKVKPZL|VKLWYVNYHTHZ
ABSTRACT
;OLZWLJPHSPaH[PVUJV\YZLPUWLKHNVNPJHSHUKKPKHJ[PJ[YHPUPUNVM]VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUN[LJOUPJHSZ[Hќ=;
YLZWVUKZ[VHSLNHSYLX\PYLTLU[LZ[HISPZOLKH[[OLSL]LSVMPUP[PHS[YHPUPUNVM[OL[LJOUPJHSMHJ\S[`VM=;SPURLK
[V[OLULLK[VKL]LSVW[OL+PKHJ[PJ:RPSSZMVYM\[\YL[LHJOPUN^VYR(S[OV\NO[OPZYLX\PYLTLU[PZLZ[HISPZOLK
^P[O[OL6YNHUPJ3H^VM,K\JH[PVUPU[OL`LHYP[^PSSUV[IL\U[PS[OLJV\YZLÔLU[OYV\NO
HUHNYLLTLU[ZPNULKI`[OL+LWHY[TLU[VMJ\S[\YLLK\JH[PVUHUK\UP]LYZP[`WSHUUPUNHUK[OL<UP]LYZP[`
VM:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSHPZPUYLZWVUZL[V[OPZULLKPU[OLJVU[L_[VM[OLH\[VUVTV\ZJVTT\UP[`VM
.HSPJPH
;OPZWHWLYJHYYPLZV\[HUL]HS\H[PVUVM[OPZJV\YZL;OYV\NOHX\HU[P[H[P]LTL[OVKVSVN`VMKLZJYPW[P]L
J\[PUÔPJO[OLX\LZ[PVUUHPYLPZ[OLPUZ[Y\TLU[MVYJVSSLJ[PUNPUMVYTH[PVU[OLTHUPMLZ[H[PVUZVM[OLWHY[P
JPWHU[ZOPNOSPNO[[OLV]LYHSSZH[PZMHJ[PVU^P[O[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OLJV\YZL/V^L]LYHYLHZMVYPTWYV]L
TLU[PZHSZVLZWLJPHSS`HWWYLJPH[L^P[OYLZWLJ[[V[OLK\YH[PVUVM[OLKPќLYLU[TVK\SLZ
Key words: =VJH[PVUHS[YHPUPUN[LHJOLY[YHPUPUNKLZPNUVMWYVNYHTZ
Introducción
3H3L`6YNmUPJHKLSKLTH`VKL,K\JHJP}ULULSHY[xJ\SV LZWLJPÄJHX\LWHYHPTWHY[PY
LUZL|HUaHZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSZLL_PNPYmUSVZTPZTVZYLX\PZP[VZKL[P[\SHJP}U`MVYTHJP}ULZ[HISL
JPKVZWHYHSH,K\JHJP}U:LJ\UKHYPH6ISPNH[VYPH`LS)HJOPSSLYH[VJVU[LTWSmUKVZLSHWVZPIPSPKHKKLV[YHZ
[P[\SHJPVULZUV\UP]LYZP[HYPHZX\LZLW\LKHUOHIPSP[HYHLMLJ[VZKLKVJLUJPHWHYHKL[LYTPUHKVZT}K\SVZ
KLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
,U SV X\L YLZWL[H H SH MVYTHJP}U WLKHN}NPJH ` KPKmJ[PJH ZLYm ULJLZHYPV WVZLLY \U [x[\SV VÄJPHS KL
4mZ[LYX\LSHHJYLKP[LJVUMVYTLHSVL_PNPKVLUSVZHY[xJ\SVZ ` KLSHJP[HKHSL`,USHKPZWVZPJP}U
HKPJPVUHS WYPTLYHLZ[HISLJL X\L SHMVYTHJP}U WLKHN}NPJH ` KPKmJ[PJH KLS WYVMLZVYHKV X\L WVY YHaVULZ
KLYP]HKHZ KL Z\ [P[\SHJP}U UV W\LKH HJJLKLY H SVZ LZ[\KPVZ KL 4mZ[LY ZLYm HJYLKP[HKH TLKPHU[L \UH
MVYTHJP}ULX\P]HSLU[L
,USH6YKLU,+<KLSKLZLW[PLTIYLZLLZ[HISLJLUSVZYLX\PZP[VZKLLZ[HMVYTHJP}U
LZWLJPÄJmUKVZLLULSHY[xJ\SVSVZZPN\PLU[LZHZWLJ[VZYLSH[P]VZHSHWSHUPÄJHJP}UKLLZ[HZLUZL|HUaHZ
;LUKYmU\UHK\YHJP}UKLJYtKP[VZL\YVWLVZ`ZLYmJVUJYL[HKHWHYHJHKHmTIP[V[LYYP[VYPHSWVY
SHJVYYLZWVUKPLU[L(KTPUPZ[YHJP}ULK\JH[P]HPUJS\`LUKVSVZT}K\SVZLZWLJPÄJHKVZLULS(UL_V00
KLSH6YKLU
3VZLZ[\KPVZZLWVKYmUPTWHY[PYLUTVKHSPKHKWYLZLUJPHSVHKPZ[HUJPH,ULSWYPTLYVKLSVZZ\W\LZ
[VZOHUKLZLYWYLZLUJPHSLZSVZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZHS7YmJ[PJ\T`HSTLUVZLSWVYJPLU[VKLSVZ
JYtKP[VZ[V[HSLZ*\HUKVSHMVYTHJP}UZLPTWHY[HHKPZ[HUJPHLU[VKVJHZVSVZJYtKP[VZJVYYLZWVU
KPLU[LZHS7YmJ[PJ\TOHIYmUKLZLYWYLZLUJPHSLZ
,S7YmJ[PJ\TZLYLHSPaHYmLUJVSHIVYHJP}UJVUSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\JH[P]HZX\LPTWHY[HUSHZLUZL
|HUaHZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZLZ[HISLJPKHZWVYSHZ(KTPUPZ[YHJPVULZ,K\JH[P]HZ3HZPUZ[P[\JPVULZLK\
JH[P]HZWHY[PJPWHU[LZLUSHYLHSPaHJP}UKLS7YmJ[PJ\TOHIYmUKLLZ[HYYLJVUVJPKHZJVTVJLU[YVZKL
WYmJ[PJHZHZxJVTVSVZ[\[VYLZLUJHYNHKVZKLSHVYPLU[HJP}U`[\[LSHKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZ
*VU[VKVLUSH*VT\UPKHK(\[}UVTHKL.HSPJPHÒHZ[HLSH|VUVL_PZ[xH\UHVMLY[HKLMVYTH
JP}UWLKHN}NPJH`KPKmJ[PJHKPYPNPKHHLZ[VZWYVMLZPVUHSLZWYVK\JPtUKVZLWVY[HU[V\UKLZHQ\Z[LLU[YLSH
UVYTH`SHYLHSPKHKLK\JH[P]H
7VYLZ[LTV[P]V`JVUSHÄUHSPKHKKLYLZWVUKLYH\UHULJLZPKHKYLHS`H\UHKLTHUKHZVJPHS`WYV
MLZPVUHSLULSTHYJVKLSH*VT\UPKHK.HSSLNHZLÄYTH\UJVU]LUPVKLJVSHIVYHJP}ULU[YLSH*VUZLSSLYxH
KL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}U`6YKLUHJP}U<UP]LYZP[HYPHKLSH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH`SH<UP]LYZPKHKKL:HU[PHNVKL
*VTWVZ[LSH X\L WLYTP[L VMLY[HY WHYH LS J\YZV LS KLUVTPUHKV Curso de especialización en
formación pedagógica y didáctica del profesorado técnico de Formación Profesional:\ZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ
ImZPJHZZVUSHZZPN\PLU[LZ!
Duración JYtKP[VZ,*;:
:LTPWYLZLUJPHSon line`WYLZLUJPHS,SKV[HYSVKLJHYmJ[LYZLTPWYLZLUJPHSMHJPSP[H

Carácter Z\YLHSPaHJP}UWVYWLYZVUHZX\LLZ[tU[YHIHQHUKV[HU[VLUSHLUZL|HUaHJVTVLUV[YHZ
HJ[P]PKHKLZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ
e-learning`[HSSLYLZWYLZLUJPHSLZX\LMHJPSP[LUSHWYVM\UKPaHJP}U`HWSPJHJP}UWYmJ[PJHKLSVZ
Metodología JVU[LUPKVZ[YHIHQHKVZ,USHZJSHZLZVUSPULZLVMYLJP}[VKVLSTH[LYPHS[L}YPJVX\LLSHS\TUV
KLIxH[YHIHQHYH\[}UVTHTLU[LJVUSHVYPLU[HJP}UKVJLU[LULJLZHYPH
(WYV_PTHYZL H SH L]VS\JP}U OPZ[}YPJH KLS ZPZ[LTH LK\JH[P]V LU ,ZWH|H ` H SH UVYTH[P]H
ImZPJHX\LSVYLN\SH
=HSVYHY SH ULJLZPKHK JVTV WYVMLZPVUHS KL SH LUZL|HUaH KL KLZHYYVSSHY JVTWL[LUJPHZ
WYVMLZPVUHSLZ`[YHU]LYZHPZ]PUJ\SHKHZHSYVSKVJLU[L
7YVM\UKPaHYLUSVZWYVJLZVZX\LWYVT\L]LULSHWYLUKPaHQL`LUSVZMHJ[VYLZX\LPUÅ\LULU
LSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHWLYZVUHSPKHK
*VUVJLY`]HSVYHYSHYLWLYJ\ZP}UKLSVZWYVJLZVZ`JVU[L_[VZLK\JH[P]VZLULSKLZHYYVSSV
KLSVZWYVJLZVZKLLUZL|HUaHHWYLUKPaHQL
0KLU[PÄJHYSVZJYP[LYPVZX\LWYVT\L]LU\UHLUZL|HUaHKLJHSPKHKLUSVZJLU[YVZKL-VY
THJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
(WYV_PTHYZLHS[YPUVTPVZVJPLKHKMHTPSPHLK\JHJP}U
*VUVJLYSVZLSLTLU[VZJVUZ[P[\`LU[LZKLSHVYPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHSLPUPJPHYZLLUSHWSHUP
ÄJHJP}UKLHJJPVULZJVUJYL[HZ
Objetivos :LYJVUZJPLU[LKLSHPTWVY[HUJPHKLSHHJJP}U[P[VYPHSJVTVLSLTLU[VKLTLQVYHPUKP]PK\HS
`JVSLJ[P]HKLSHS\TUHKV
7YVM\UKPaHYLUSHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLSHZLUZL|HUaHZKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS)mZPJH`
KLZHYYVSSHYLZ[YH[LNPHZKPYPNPKHZH\UHTLQVYH[LUJP}UHZ\HS\TUHKV
*VUVJLYSVZLSLTLU[VZJHU}UPJVZKL\UHWYVW\LZ[HKLMVYTHJP}ULULSmTIP[VKLSHMVY
THJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS[HU[VHUP]LSMVYTHSJVTVKLJVU[LUPKV
: LYJHWHaKLKPZL|HYWYVW\LZ[HZKPKmJ[PJHZLULSmTIP[VKLSHLZWLJPHSPKHK
(WYV_PTHYZLH[LJUVSVNxHZ`YLJ\YZVZKPNP[HSLZKLHWV`VHSHSHIVYKVJLU[L
=HSVYHYSVZWYVJLZVZKLPUUV]HJP}ULPU]LZ[PNHJP}UJVTVLSLTLU[VZPUOLYLU[LZHSKLZHY
YVSSVWYVMLZPVUHSKVJLU[L
:LYJHWHaKLHWSPJHYSHZJVTWL[LUJPHZKVJLU[LZLUJVU[L_[VZYLHSLZKLLUZL|HUaHHWYL
UKPaHQL
:LYJHWHaKLYLÅLQHYSVZJVUVJPTPLU[VZ`JVTWL[LUJPHZWLKHN}NPJHZ`KPKmJ[PJHZLU\UH
WYVW\LZ[HKLHJJP}ULULSmTIP[VKLSHLZWLJPHSPKHK
,]VS\JP}UOPZ[}YPJHKLSZPZ[LTHLK\JH[P]VLULZWH|H`HWYV_PTHJP}UHSH
UVYTH[P]HImZPJHX\LSVYLN\SH
7YVJLZVZ`JVU[L_[VZLK\JH[P]VZ
.LUtYPJV (WYLUKPaHQL`KLZHYYVSSVKLSHWLYZVUHSPKHK
3HZJVTWL[LUJPHZWYVMLZPVUHSLZ`[YHUZ]LYZHSLZKLSYVSKVJLU[L
:VJPLKHKMHTPSPH`LK\JHJP}U
3HJHSPKHKLUSVZJLU[YVZKL-7
3HZLUZL|HUaHZKLMVYTHJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS!KLSH-7)mZPJHHSVZJPJSVZ
Módulos superiores
(WYLUKPaHQL`LUZL|HUaH
,ZWLJxÄJV 9LJ\YZVZKPNP[HSLZKLHWV`VHSHSHIVYKVJLU[L
0UUV]HJP}UKVJLU[LLPUPJPHJP}UHSHPU]LZ[PNHJP}ULK\JH[P]H
3HHJJP}U[\[VYPHS
6YPLU[HJP}UWYVMLZPVUHS
7YmJ[PJ\T0LUSHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}U
7YmJ[PJ\T 7YmJ[PJ\T00LUSHLZWLJPHSPaHJP}U
;YHIHQVÄUHSKLLZ[\KPVZ
Tabla 1: *HYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZKLS*\YZVKL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U

(JVYKLHLZ[VZWSHU[LHTPLU[VZLUZLW[PLTIYLKLZLPUPJPHLS*\YZVKL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}UX\LÄUH
SPaHLUTHYaVKL,ULZ[HJVT\UPJHJP}UZLHUHSPaHSHZH[PZMHJJP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZJVULSTPZTV
WHYHSVJ\HSZLKHYLZW\LZ[HHKVZVIQL[P]VZJVUJYL[VZ!
7YLZLU[HYSH]HSVYHJP}UKLSHZH[PZMHJJP}UNSVIHSKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZJVULS*\YZV
(UHSPaHYJ\mSLZOHUZPKVSVZHZWLJ[VZTLQVY`WLVY]HSVYHKVZLUSVZKPMLYLU[LZT}K\SVZ
Método
Participantes
3HT\LZ[YHWHY[PJPWHU[LSHJVTWVULULZ[\KPHU[LZX\LYLWYLZLU[HULSKLS[V[HSTH[YPJ\SHKV
LULS*\YZVKL,ZWLJPHSPaHJP}U:\JHYmJ[LYOHZPKVPUJPKLU[HSLZKLJPYZLOHULUJ\LZ[HKVH[VKVZSVZ
Z\QL[VZX\LZLLUJVU[YHIHULULSH\SHLULSTVTLU[VKLSHHWSPJHJP}UJVPUJPKLU[LJVUSHS[PTHZLZP}UKL
SVZ[HSSLYLZWYLZLUJPHSLZ
,UJ\HU[VHZ\WLYÄSJHZPKVZ[LYJLYHZWHY[LZZVUOVTIYLZJVULKHKZ\WLYPVYHH|VZ
([LUKPLUKVHSHMHTPSPHWYVMLZPVUHSKLWYVJLKLUJPHZLJVUZ[H[H\UWYLKVTPUPVKLImagen per-
sonal Hostelería y turismo `Mantenimiento de vehículos *VUTLUVYWYLZLUJPH
LUJVU[YHTVZ[P[\SHKVZKLFabricación mecánica Madera, mueble y corcho Textil, confec-
ción y piel Àrtes y Artesanías
-PUHSTLU[L`LUSVX\LYLZWLJ[HHSHZP[\HJP}USHIVYHSSHTH`VYWHY[LPUKPJHLZ[HYLUZP[\HJP}U
HJ[P]H L_PZ[PLUKV HKLTmZ LU LS KL SVZ JHZVZ JVYYLZWVUKLUJPH JVU SH [P[\SHJP}U X\L ZL WVZLL
+LZ[HJHYX\LLSKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZHÄYTHWVZLLY\UHL_WLYPLUJPHSHIVYHSZ\WLYPVYHSVZH|VZ
Instrumento
,SPUZ[Y\TLU[V\[PSPaHKVWHYHSHYLJVNPKHKLKH[VZOHZPKV\UJ\LZ[PVUHYPVLSHIVYHKVad hoc`MVYTHKV
WVYKPTLUZPVULZX\LZLYLZWVUKLULU\UHLZJHSH[PWV3PRLY[JVUJH[LNVYxHZKLYLZW\LZ[HOHIP[\HSLU
LZ[L[PWVKLLZ[\KPVZ:LJVTIPUHUJVUWYLN\U[HZHIPLY[HZX\LWLYTP[LUWYVM\UKPaHYLUSHTV[P]HJP}UKL
SH]HSVYHJP}UYLHSPaHKH
<UHKLLZHZKPTLUZPVULZX\LLZSHX\LTV[P]HLZ[L[YHIHQV[PLULX\L]LYJVUSH]HSVYHJP}UKLS*\YZV
`TmZJVUJYL[HTLU[LSHZH[PZMHJJP}UKLSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZJVU[YLZHZWLJ[VZ!
*VVYKPUHJP}U`+PYLJJP}U
4}K\SVZKLSJ\YZV
*\LZ[PVULZYLSH[P]HZHSHK\YHJP}UJVU[LUPKVZHJ[P]PKHKLZH[LUJP}UKVJLU[LZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZ
ÙP]LSKLL_PNLUJPH
Análisis de datos y resultados
:LOH\[PSPaHKVSHLZ[HKxZ[PJHKLZJYPW[P]HKLZKLSHJVUZPKLYHJP}UKLX\LLZ[L[YHIHQVZ\WVUL\UWYPTLY
HJLYJHTPLU[VHSVIQL[VKLLZ[\KPV,S[YH[HTPLU[V`HUmSPZPZKLSVZKH[VZOHZPKVLMLJ[\HKVTLKPHU[LLS
WYVNYHTHLZ[HKxZ[PJV:7::WHYH>PUKV^Z
7HYHSHWYLZLU[HJP}UKLSVZYLZ\S[HKVZZLJVUZPKLYHUJVTVLSLTLU[VZKLHUmSPZPZ!HZWLJ[VZYLSH[P]VZH
SHVYNHUPaHJP}UKPYLJJP}U`JVVYKPUHJP}USVZT}K\SVZNLUtYPJVZ`LZWLJxÄJVZLS7YmJ[PJ\T`LS;YHIHQV
-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZ*VUZPKLYHKVZLUJVUQ\U[VSHTLKPHZLZP[HLUH\UX\LZLHWYLJPHUKPMLYLUJPHZLU
SHZKPMLYLU[LZKPTLUZPVULZHUHSPaHKHZ
+PYLJJP}U`JVVYKPUHJP}U
3H SHIVY LQLYJPKH WVY SH KPYLJJP}U ` JVVYKPUHJP}U KLS J\YZV HSJHUaH \UH W\U[\HJP}U TLKPH KL
ZPLUKVLSHZWLJ[VJVULSX\LZLT\LZ[YHTH`VYZH[PZMHJJP}ULS]PUJ\SHKVHSHYLZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZ
]tHZL.YmÄJV
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLSHKPYLJJP}U`JVVYKPUHJP}U
4}K\SVZNLUtYPJVZ
3HZH[PZMHJJP}ULULSJVUQ\U[VKLSVZHZWLJ[VZ`KPTLUZPVULZX\LJVUMVYTHUSVZT}K\SVZNLUtYPJVZ
]tHZL.YmÄJVVZJPSHULU[YLSHW\U[\HJP}UTm_PTHKL4}K\SV*`SHTxUPTHKL4}K\SV-
ZP[\mUKVZLSHTLKPHLU
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLSVZT}K\SVZNLUtYPJVZ
3HZ]HSVYHJPVULZX\LKHUSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZHKPMLYLU[LZHZWLJ[VZKPKmJ[PJVZKLSVZT}K\SVZLZLUNLUL
YHSI\LUH]tHZL.YmÄJV,Sx[LTYLSH[P]VH la atención prestada por el docente LZLSTLQVY]HSVYHKV4$
ZLN\PKVKLSHsolución de problemas 4$ `KLSVZcontenidos trabajados 4$ 3VZTLUVZ
]HSVYHKVZZVU!SHduración 4$ `SHZactividades propuestas4$
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLHZWLJ[VZKPKmJ[PJVZKLSVZT}K\SVZNLUtYPJVZ
4}K\SVZLZWLJxÄJVZ
3HZH[PZMHJJP}ULULSJVUQ\U[VLZKLHWYLJPmUKVZLKPMLYLUJPHZPTWVY[HU[LZLU[YLSVZT}K\SVZ/
4$`.4$X\LHSJHUaHUSHZTLKPHZTmZLSL]HKHZ`LST}K\SV3X\LJVU\UHW\U[\HJP}U
TLKPHKLLZLSX\LWYLZLU[HSVZUP]LSLZTmZIHQVZKLZH[PZMHJJP}U
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLSVZT}K\SVZLZWLJxÄJVZ
,UJ\HU[VHSVZHZWLJ[VZKPKmJ[PJVZZLHWYLJPHJVTVKLU\L]VLZSHatención prestadaLSx[LTX\L
WYLZLU[HLSTH`VYUP]LSKLZH[PZMHJJP}U4$ ZLN\PKVKLSHsolución de problemas 4$ (SPN\HS
X\LZ\JLKxHJVUSVZT}K\SVZNtULYPJVZSHduración ZLWYLZLU[HJVTVSHKPTLUZP}UTLUVZ]HSVYHKH4$
]tHZL.YmÄJV
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLHZWLJ[VZKPKmJ[PJVZKLSVZT}K\SVZLZWLJxÄJVZ
,S7YmJ[PJ\T
3HZH[PZMHJJP}UNSVIHSLULS7YmJ[PJ\TLZKLHWYLJPmUKVZL\UHTLKPHSPNLYHTLU[LZ\WLYPVYLULS
7YmJ[PJ\T004$ LUYLSHJP}UHS7YmJ[PJ\T04$ [HS`JVTVZLT\LZ[YHLULS.YmÄJV
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLS7YmJ[PJ\T
([LUKPLUKVHJHKH\UHKLSHZKPTLUZPVULZL]HS\HKHZLULSJVU[L_[VKLS7YmJ[PJ\TSHZTHUPMLZ[H
JPVULZKLSVZWHY[PJPWHU[LZWVULUKLTHUPÄLZ[V\UHTH`VYZH[PZMHJJP}UNLULYHSKLS7YmJ[PJ\T00ZVIYLLS
7YmJ[PJ\T0]tHZL.YmÄJV,ZWLJPHSTLU[LHS[HLZSHZH[PZMHJJP}UJVULS[\[VYKLSJLU[YVLK\JH[P]VJVU
\UH]HSVYHJP}UKL`LUYLSHJP}UHSHatención `solución de problemas LULSJVU[L_[VKLS7YmJ[PJ\T
00]HSVYHKVJVU\U
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLHZWLJ[VZKPKmJ[PJVZKLSVZT}K\SVZLZWLJxÄJVZ
,S;YHIHQV-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZ
3HZH[PZMHJJP}UTLKPHKLSHS\TUHKVJVUYLSHJP}UHS;YHIHQV-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZZLZP[HLU*VTV
ZLW\LKLHWYLJPHYLULS.YmÄJVSVZUP]LSLZ]HYxHUZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LLUM\UJP}UKLSHKPTLUZP}UX\LZL
HUHSPJL(ZxTPLU[YHZSHTLKPHKLSx[LTsoluci}n a los problemasWSHU[LHKVZZLZP[HLULSSH]HSVYH
JP}UYLSH[P]HHSHduraciónKLS;YHIHQV-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZKLZJPLUKLOHZ[H
.YmÄJV!=HSVYHJP}UKLS;YHIHQV-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZ
Conclusiones
3HZWYPUJPWHSLZJVUJS\ZPVULZKLLZ[LLZ[\KPVZLJVUJYL[HULUSHZZPN\PLU[LZ!
3H]HSVYHJP}UKLSHZH[PZMHJJP}UNSVIHSKLS*\YZVKLLZWLJPHSPaHJP}UWLKHN}NPJH`KPKmJ[PJHWLYTP[L
JVUJS\PYX\LSVZLZ[\KPHU[LZSVOHU]HSVYHKVWVZP[P]HTLU[LJVUW\U[\HJPVULZZ\WLYPVYLZHSHTLKPH
([LUKPLUKVH[VKHZ`JHKH\UHKLSHZKPTLUZPVULZSHZÅ\J[\HJPVULZLUSHZW\U[\HJPVULZKHKHZ
LZL]PKLU[L(ZxSHK\YHJP}ULZLSLSLTLU[VX\LZLZP[HJVUSHZTLKPHZTmZIHQHZJ\HUKVZL[YH[H
KLS;YHIHQV-PUHSKL,Z[\KPVZVKLS7YmJ[PJ\T0,ULSWVSVVW\LZ[VLZ[mSHYLZVS\JP}UKLWYVISLTHZ
WSHU[LHKVZJVUYLSHJP}UHSHJVVYKPUHJP}U`KPYLJJP}U`SHH[LUJP}UWYLZ[HKHWVYSVZKVJLU[LZKLS
7YmJ[PJ\T00,ZLULZ[LTVTLU[VKLS*\YZVKVUKLSHZH[PZMHJJP}UHSJHUaHLSUP]LSTmZHS[V
Referencias
3L`6YNmUPJHKLKLTH`VKL,K\JHJP}U)6,U¢KLKLTH`V
6YKLU,+<KLSKLZLW[PLTIYLWVYSHX\LZLLZ[HISLJLSHMVYTHJP}ULX\P]HSLU[LHSHMVYTH
JP}UWLKHN}NPJH`KPKmJ[PJHL_PNPKHWHYHHX\LSSHZWLYZVUHZX\LLZ[HUKVLUWVZLZP}UKL\UH[P[\SHJP}U
KLJSHYHKHLX\P]HSLU[LHLMLJ[VZKLKVJLUJPHUVW\LKLUYLHSPaHYSVZLZ[\KPVZKLTmZ[LY)6,U¢
KLKLVJ[\IYL
ANEXOS
ANEXO I
COMISSÃO DE HONRA
Tiago Brandão Rodrigues¶4PUPZ[YVKH,K\JHsqV
José António Vieira da Silva¶4PUPZ[YVKV;YHIHSOV:VSPKHYPLKHKLL:LN\YHUsH:VJPHS
João Costa¶:LJYL[mYPVKL,Z[HKVKH,K\JHsqV
Miguel Cabrita¶:LJYL[mYPVKL,Z[HKVKV,TWYLNV
Rui Moreira¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*oTHYH4\UPJPWHSKV7VY[V
Fernando Freire de Sousa¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*VTPZZqVKL*VVYKLUHsqV
L+LZLU]VS]PTLU[VKH9LNPqV5VY[L
António Valadas da Silva¶7YLZPKLU[LKV*VUZLSOV+PYL[P]VKV0,-7
António Leite¶+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
José Mesquita¶+LSLNHKVKH+PYLsqVKL:LY]PsVZKH9LNPqV5VY[L
KH+PYLsqVKVZ,Z[HILSLJPTLU[VZ,ZJVSHYLZ
Román Rodrígues Gonzaléz¶*VUZLSSLPYVKL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}UL6YKLUHJP}U
<UP]LYZP[mYPHKH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH
Francisco Conde López¶*VUZLSSLPYVKL,JVUVTPH,TWYLNVL0UK\Z[YPHKH?\U[H
KH.HSPJPH
Sebastião Feyo de Azevedo¶9LP[VYKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Linda Gonçalves Veiga¶7Y}9LP[VYHKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV4PUOV
António Fontainhas Fernandes¶9LP[VYKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL;YmZ¶VZ¶4VU[LZL(S[V+V\YV
Isabel Braga da Cruz¶7YLZPKLU[LKV*LU[YV9LNPVUHSKV7VY[V
KH<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJH7VY[\N\LZH
Juan Viaño Rey¶9LP[VYKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Salustiano Mato de la Iglesia¶9LP[VYKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL=PNV
Julio Ernesto Abalde Alonso¶9LP[VYKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Miguel Ángel Santos Rego¶+PYLJ[VY+LWHY[HTLU[V7LKHNV_PHL+PKmJ[PJH
KH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Arménio Carlos¶:LJYL[mYPV.LYHSKH*.;7
Carlos Silva¶:LJYL[mYPV.LYHSKH<.;
Paulo Nunes de Almeida¶7YLZPKLU[LKH(ZZVJPHsqV,TWYLZHYPHSKL7VY[\NHS
João Vieira Lopes¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*VUMLKLYHsqVKV*VTtYJPVL:LY]PsVZ
KL7VY[\NHS
Francisco Calheiros¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*VTPZZqV,_LJ\[P]HKH*VUMLKLYHsqV
KV;\YPZTV7VY[\N\vZ
Eduardo de Oliveira e Sousa¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*(7¶*VUMLKLYHsqVKVZ(NYPJ\S[VYLZ
KL7VY[\NHS
António Saraiva¶7YLZPKLU[LKH*07¶*VUMLKLYHsqV,TWYLZHYPHSKL7VY[\NHS
Paulo Carril Vázquez¶:LJYL[mYPV.LYHS*0.
José António Gómez Gómez¶:LJYL[HYPV?LYHSKH<.;
Ramón Sarmiento Solla¶:LJYL[HYPV?LYHSKL**66
Antonio Fontenla Ramil¶?\U[HKL7YLZPKLU[LZKH*VUMLKLYHJP}U
KL,TWYLZHYPVZ.HSPJPH

ANEXO II
COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA
Presidente
1VHX\PT3\xZ*VPTIYH¶-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHLKL*PvUJPHZKH,K\JHsqV
Vice-Presidente
(U[}UPV-SVYLUJPV9PHS:mUJOLa¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Vogais
Paulo Feliciano¶=PJL7YLZPKLU[LKV*VUZLSOV+PYL[P]VKV0,-7
Elsa Teixeira¶:\IKLSLNHKH9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
Ema Gonçalo¶+PYLsqVKL:LY]PsVZKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
KH+LSLNHsqV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
Celina Geraldes¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
José Manuel Castro¶+LSLNHsqV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
José Alberto Correia¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
António Sousa Pereira¶0UZ[P[\[VKL*PvUJPHZ)PVTtKPJHZ(ILS:HSHaHY
¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Carlos Gonçalves¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Luís Imaginário¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Bártolo Paiva Campos¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Manuel António Ferreira da Silva¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKV4PUOV
José Matias Alves¶<UP]LYZPKHKL*H[}SPJH7VY[\N\LZH
Gilberto Igrejas¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL;YmZ¶VZ¶4VU[LZL(S[V+V\YV
Luís Rothes¶0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKV7VY[V
Diana Vieira¶0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKV7VY[V
Rui Alberto Martins Teixeira¶0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKL=PHUHKV*HZ[LSV
Maria José Fernandes¶0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKV*m]HKVL(]L
Filipe Gonçalves S. Macedo¶<UP]LYZPKHKL-LYUHUKV7LZZVH
Alcides Fernandes Da Moura¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Carmen Sarceda Gorgoso¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Eva Maria Barreira Cerqueiras¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Margarita Valcarce Fernández¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María del Carmen Santos González¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María del Mar Lorenzo Moledo¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María del Mar Sanjuán Roca¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María del Rosario Castro González¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María José Méndez Lois¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María Julia Diz López¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Miguel Ángel Santos Rego¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Raquel Mariño Fernández¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María Carmen Caldeiro Pedreira¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Elisa Jato Seijas¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
1osé Tejada Fernández¶<UP]LYZPKHK(\[}UVTHKL)HYJLSVUH
Delmiro Barreiros de La Torre¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL=PNV
María del Pilar González Fontao¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL=PNV
María Luisa Rodicio García¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Laura Rego Agraso¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Neves Arza Arza¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Fernando Marhuenda Fluixá¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL=HSLUJPH
Luis Carro Sancristobal¶<UP]LYZPKHKKL=HSSHKVSPK
Miguel Ángel Carretero Díaz¶<UP]LYZPKHKL*VTWS\[LUZLKL4HKYPK
María del Pilar Carnota Carneiro¶?\U[HKL.HSPJPH
Olaya Queiruga Santamaría¶-\UKHJP}U3HIVYHSKLSH*VUZ[Y\JJP}U
Ana Candreva¶<UP]LYZPKHK5HJPVUHSKL3H7SH[H(YNLU[PUH
Elsa María Fueyo Hernández¶)LULTtYP[H<UP]LYZPKHKL(\[}UVTHKL7\LISH4t_PJV
Gabriel Huerta Córdova¶)LULTtYP[H<UP]LYZPKHK(\[}UVTHKL7\LISH4t_PJV
María Refugio Plazola Díaz¶<UP]LYZPKHK7LKHN}NPJH5HJPVUHS4t_PJV
Nancy Silva Domínguez¶)LULTLYP[H<UP]LYZPKHK(\[}UVTHKL7\LISH4t_PJV
José Jaime Vázquez López¶)LULTtYP[H<UP]LYZPKHK(\[}UVTHKL7\LISH4t_PJV
ANEXO III
COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA
Presidente
Vice-Presidente
Elsa Teixeira¶:\IKLSLNHKH9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
Margarita Valcarce Fernández¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Antonio Florencio Rial Sánchez¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Vogais
Ema Gonçalo¶+PYLsqVKL:LY]PsVZKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
Paula Ramos¶5JSLVKL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKH+PYLsqVKL:LY]PsVZ
KV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKH+LSLNHsqV9LNPVUHS
KV5VY[LKV0,-7
Celina Geraldes¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZKH+LSLNHsqV
9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
José Manuel Castro¶+LSLNHsqV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0,-7
Anabela Dias¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
Sílvia Vieira¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
Marta Correia¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
Margarida Dias¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
Manuel Roboredo¶5JSLVKL(WVPV;tJUPJVL9LSHsLZ,_[LYUHZ
Joaquim Luís Coimbra¶-HJ\SKHKLKL7ZPJVSVNPHL*PvUJPHZ
KH,K\JHsqVKH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Eva María Barreira Cerqueiras¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María Julia Diz López¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
María del Rosário Castro González¶<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
ANEXO IV
PROGRAMA
28 JUNHO E 29 JUNHO DE 2018
AUDITÓRIO DO CONSERVATÓRIO DE MÚSICA DO PORTO
PROGRAMA
28 de junho – 5ª feira
8h30 RECEÇÃO AOS PARTICIPANTES
ABERTURA DO CONGRESSO
(U[}UPV3LP[L+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNV
L-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
(U[VUPV9PHS:mUJOLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
9h15 4HYxH,\NLUPH7tYLa-LYUmUKLa:\IKPYLJ[VYH?LYHSKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHSKH
*VUZLSSLYxHKL*\S[\YH,K\JHJP}UL6YKLUHJP}U<UP]LYZP[HYPH
(U[}UPV=HSHKHZKH:PS]H7YLZPKLU[LKV*VUZLSOV+PYL[P]VKV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNV
4PN\LS*HIYP[H:LJYL[mYPVKL,Z[HKVKV,TWYLNV
CONFERÊNCIA INAUGURAL
O TRABALHO, O EMPREGO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO
¸,U[YLJVU[YV]tYZPHZKVWHZZHKVLWLYZWL[P]HZTmNPJHZ®¹
10h30
Conferencista: 4HU\LS*HY]HSOVKH:PS]H*LU[YVKL,Z[\KVZ:VJPHPZ
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL*VPTIYH
Moderador: 4PN\LSÍUNLS:HU[VZ9LNV<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
11h30 PAUSA
MESA REDONDA
-694(h²67(9(6;9()(3/6¶(56:((79,5+,9(79,,5+,9
Orador: (U[VUPV9PHS:mUJOLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
12h00 Oradora: 4HYxH,\NLUPH7tYLa-LYUmUKLa:\IKPYLJJP}U?LYHSKL-VYTHJP}U7YVMLZPVUHS
KH?\U[HKL.HSPJPH
Orador: 1VZt4HU\LS*HZ[YV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
Oradora: (UH4HYPH9VKYPN\LZ*oTHYH4\UPJPWHSKL=HSVUNV
Moderador: (U[}UPV3LP[L0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
13h00 ALMOÇO
PAINÉIS SIMULTÂNEOS:
-694(97(9(6;9()(3/6!63<.(9+6:7961,;6:+,=0+(
Oradora: +PHUH=PLPYH0UZ[P[\[V7VSP[tJUPJVKV7VY[V
Oradora: ,SPZH1H[V:LPQHZ<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Relator: 1LY}UPTVKL:V\ZH*LU[YVKL9LHIPSP[HsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKL.HPH
SALA 1
*65;,?;6:+,;9()(3/6,:7(h6:+,+,:,5=63=04,5;6/<4(56
E AFIRMAÇÃO DE CIDADANIA.
Orador: 1VHX\PT3\xZ*VPTIYH<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
14h30 Oradora: 4HYxH*HYTLU*HSKLPYV7LKYLPYH<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Relatora: 4HYxH1\SPH+Pa3}WLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
SALA 2
796*,::6:+,-694(h²6¸¹
- MEDIAÇÃO HUMANA E/OU ROBOTIZAÇÃO.
Oradora: *Sm\KPH(STLPKH7PU[V*0**675*LU[YVKL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKH
0UKZ[YPHKL*VUZ[Y\sqV*P]PSL6IYHZ7ISPJHZ
Orador: 4PN\LSÍUNLS*HYYL[LYV+PHa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL4HKYPK
Relatora: ,TH.VUsHSV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
AUDITÓRIO
16h00 PAUSA
CONFERÊNCIA
-694(h²6,;9()(3/6¶3<.(9,:+,*<3;<9(&
16h30 Conferencista: 4HYNHYP[H=HSJHYJL-LYUmUKLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
Moderadora: *LSPUH.LYHSKLZ0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
COMUNICAÇÕES 30=9,::(3(:
Moderadora Auditório: *HYSH=HSL0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
Moderadora Sala 1: .PZLSH,ZWxYP[V:HU[V0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNV
17h30 L-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
Moderadora Sala 2: 4HYPHKLS9VZHYPV*HZ[YV.VUamSLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNV
KL*VTWVZ[LSH
Moderadora Sala 3: 4HYPH1VZt*VYYLPH0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
29 de junho – 6ª feira
APRESENTAÇÃO DAS CONCLUSÕES DOS PAINÉIS SIMULTÂNEOS:

Relatora: 4HYxH1\SPH+Pa3}WLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
9h00
Relator: 1LY}UPTVKL:V\ZH*LU[YVKL9LHIPSP[HsqV7YVÄZZPVUHSKL.HPH
Relatora: ,TH.VUsHSV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNVL-VYTHsqV7YVÄZZPVUHS
MESA REDONDA
DA CORRIDA PARA A HIPERESPECIALIZAÇÃO
À URGÊNCIA DOS SABERES BÁSICOS.
9h30 Oradora: 3H\YH9LNV(NYHZV<UP]LYZPKHKLKH*VY\|H
Oradora: 6Sx]PH:HU[VZ:PS]H0U]LZ[PNHKVYH
Orador: 1VZt7LKYV(TVYPT<UP]LYZPKHKLKV7VY[V
Moderadora: ,]H4HYPH)HYYLPYH*LYX\LPYHZ<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
11h00 PAUSA
CONFERÊNCIA DE ENCERRAMENTO
(.,5+(+6;9()(3/6+0.56464,5;6+,9,*64,h6
6<769;6+,7(9;0+(&
11h30
Conferencista: 3\JPUKH+oTHZV<UPqV.LYHSKL;YHIHSOHKVYLZ
Moderador: 4HYxHKLS*HYTLU:HU[VZ.VUamSLa
<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
ENCERRAMENTO
(U[}UPV4VYLPYH1VYNL+PYL[VYKV*VUZLY]H[}YPVKL4ZPJHKV7VY[V
4HYPH1VZt(ZJLUZqV+PYL[VYHKV(NY\WHTLU[VKL,ZJVSHZ9VKYPN\LZKL-YLP[HZ
4HYNHYP[H=HSJHYJL-LYUmUKLa<UP]LYZPKHKLKL:HU[PHNVKL*VTWVZ[LSH
12h30 1VZt(SMVUZV4HYUV[LZ.VUamSLa+PYLJ[VY?LYHSKL6YPLU[HJP}UL7YVTVJP}U3HIVYHS
*VUZLSSLYxHKL,JVUVTxH,TWYLNVL0UK\Z[YPH
1VHUH.VTLZ60;3PZIVH
(U[}UPV3LP[L+LSLNHKV9LNPVUHSKV5VY[LKV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNV
7H\SV-LSPJPHUV=PJLWYLZPKLU[LKV*VUZLSOV+PYL[P]VKV0UZ[P[\[VKV,TWYLNV

Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável e Desenvolvimento Humano - LIVRO - Pp213-222

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável e Desenvolvimento Humano - LIVRO - Pp213-222

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Trabalho Digno, Emprego Sustentável

XX CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO

Prefácio – (WYLZLU[HsqV+V*VUNYLZZV ....................................................................................... 

1. TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL

2. FORMAÇÃO E TRABALHO – LUGAR(ES) DE CULTURA? ...................................................... 

Formación y trabajo – lugares de cultura? .................................................................................. 

II – MESAS REDONDAS E PAINEIS ............................................................................................. 55

1. FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO – 20 ANOS A APRENDER/APREENDER ......................... 

20 Años de la formación profesional: pasado presente y perspectivas de futuro. ................... 

2. DA CORRIDA PARA A HIPERESPECIALIZAÇÃO

Da corrida para a hiperespecialização à urgência dos saberes básicos .................................. 

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

Processos de Formação “4.0” – Mediação Humana e/ou Robotização ................................... 

III – COMUNICAÇÕES .................................................................................................................. 

1. ORIENTAÇÃO, EMPREGO E EMPREGABILIDADES .............................................................. 

• La movilidad internacional y el desarrollo de competencias

2. FORMAR PARA FUTUROS QUE NOS DESAFIAM A APRENDER .......................................... 

• We need challenges: The case on Four Project-Based Learning iniciatives at portugueses

4 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

3. TRABALHO DIGNO E A DIGNIDADE DE TRABALHAR........................................................... 

• Prevenção de riscos psicossociais no trabalho - do assédio e mobbing

4. DESENVOLVIMENTO E HUMANIDADE ................................................................................... 

• El desarrollo emocional humano: un aprendizaje para la vida ................................................ 

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 5

• O Curso de Especialización en Formación Pedagóxica e Didáctica

ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................................ 

ANEXO I – Comissão de Honra ................................................................................................... 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

(ZZLN\YHY V\ JVU[YPI\PY WHYH HZZLN\YHY [YHIHSOV

<S[YHWHZZHKH H JYPZL t [LTWV KL \S[YHWHZZHYTVZ V

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

,U KPLJPU\L]L JVUNYLZVZ JLSLIYHKVZ OLTVZ W\LZ[V

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

,ZPTWVY[HU[LYLJVYKHYJVTVLU[YLSVZH|VZ ` SHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UYLSHJPVUHKHJVUSHZVYNHUP

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

2. Venimos de la fe, la obediencia, la repetición y la inmovilidad

44 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 45

3. Todo existe mucho antes de que lo descubramos.

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

5. Adquieren una gran relevancia las competencias transversales

·7H[YPTVUPV PUTH[LYPHS JHWHJPKHKLZ J\HSPKHKLZ NLZ[P}U H[YPI\[VZ HW[P[\K SVNYVZ OHIPSPKHKLZ

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

54 TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

Cambios ligados respecto de la formación y su

/HZ[H OHJL T\` WVJVZ H|VZ SVZ TVKLSVZ ]PNLU[LZ

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO 

Formación como parte del proceso de transferencia tecnológica

Formación como fenómeno educativo, articulado con los procesos productivos:

Formación para las competencias:

Prefácio – (WYLZLU[HsqV+V*VUNYLZZV .......................................................................................

2. FORMAÇÃO E TRABALHO – LUGAR(ES) DE CULTURA? ......................................................

Formación y trabajo – lugares de cultura? ..................................................................................

1. FORMAÇÃO PARA O TRABALHO – 20 ANOS A APRENDER/APREENDER .........................

20 Años de la formación profesional: pasado presente y perspectivas de futuro. ...................

Da corrida para a hiperespecialização à urgência dos saberes básicos ..................................

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

Processos de Formação “4.0” – Mediação Humana e/ou Robotização ...................................

III – COMUNICAÇÕES ..................................................................................................................

1. ORIENTAÇÃO, EMPREGO E EMPREGABILIDADES ..............................................................

2. FORMAR PARA FUTUROS QUE NOS DESAFIAM A APRENDER ..........................................

3. TRABALHO DIGNO E A DIGNIDADE DE TRABALHAR...........................................................

4. DESENVOLVIMENTO E HUMANIDADE ...................................................................................

• El desarrollo emocional humano: un aprendizaje para la vida ................................................

ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................................

ANEXO I – Comissão de Honra ...................................................................................................

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

(ZZLN\YHY V\ JVU[YPI\PY WHYH HZZLN\YHY [YHIHSOV

<S[YHWHZZHKH H JYPZL t [LTWV KL \S[YHWHZZHYTVZ V

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

,ZPTWVY[HU[LYLJVYKHYJVTVLU[YLSVZH|VZ ` SHPU]LZ[PNHJP}UYLSHJPVUHKHJVUSHZVYNHUP

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

·7H[YPTVUPV PUTH[LYPHS JHWHJPKHKLZ J\HSPKHKLZ NLZ[P}U H[YPI\[VZ HW[P[\K SVNYVZ OHIPSPKHKLZ

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

0N\HSX\LV[YVZJVUJLW[VZVWSHU[LHTPLU[VZla calidad LZ[mTLKPH[PaHKHWVY\UHWHY[LWVYSVZ

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

5VZ S[PTVZ HUVZ ]LUZL MHJLUKV LU .HSPJPH \UOH

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

O módulo profesional KLMVYTHJP}ULUJLU[YVZKL[YHIHSSV-*;tKLJHYmJ[LYVIYPNH[VYPVLU[VKVZ

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

Convocatoria Premios Innovación FP. 7HYHKHYYLZWVZ[HHVZH]HUJLZ[LJUVS}_PJVZtULJLZHYPV

3º Congreso de Innovación na FP. LUHIYPSKLWHYH]PZPIPSPaHYLW}YLU]HSVYHPUUV]HJP}UYLH

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

Plurilingüismo nos ciclos formativos +LU[YVKV7SHUKL7S\YPUSPUNPZTVUVLUZPUVUVU\UP]LYZP

0UNStZ! 7VY[\N\tZ!(SLTmU!

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

(SOV(FPA: a fábrica leccionada: aventuras dos tecnocatólicos no Ministério das Corporações.

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

i Q\Z[V HIYPY LZ[L [L_[V JVT WHSH]YHZ ]P]HZ KL MLSPJP

5V S[PTV YVTHUJL X\L LZJYL]L\ PU[P[\SHKV ¸( 0SOH¹

¸H LZWLJPHSPaHsqV t ULJLZZmYPH L PUL]P[m]LS :LT

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO

(TVYPT17O impacto da educação e formação de adultos no desenvolvimento vocacional e da

T\UZ¹W\ISPJHKVLT WLSH,TWYLZH5HJPVUHSKL7\ISPJPKHKLO[[W!W\YSW[ S]S]FP[LTS

+LZKL X\L SH +LJSHYHJP}U KL )VSVUPH O\IPLYH YLHÄY

TRABALHO DIGNO, EMPREGO SUSTENTÁVEL E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: DESAFIOS DA/PARA FORMAÇÃO