DNS Tools and Settings

DNS Tools and Settings
Updated: March 28, 2003
Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows
Server 2003 with SP2
DNS Tools and Settings

In this section
 DNS Tools
 DNS Registry Entries
 DNS Group Policy Settings
 DNS WMI Classes
 Related Information
DNS Tools
The following tools are associated with the Domain Name System (DNS).
Dnscmd.exe: Dnscmd
Category
This tool is included in the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Support Tools.
Version compatibility
This tool runs on the Microsoft Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems.
Dnscmd is used to view the properties of DNS servers, zones, and resource records. In addition, Dnscmd is
used to modify all aspects of the DNS Server service, including creating and deleting zones and resource
records. Dnscmd can also be useful for developing scripts for configuring a DNS server.
Dnslint.exe: DNSLint
Category
This tool is a free download from Microsoft.
This tool runs on Microsoft Windows XP, and the Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating
systems.
DNSLint is a Microsoft Windows utility that can be used to help diagnose common DNS name resolution
issues. It can be targeted to look for specific DNS record sets and ensure that they are consistent across multiple
DNS servers. It can also be used to verify that DNS records used specifically for Active Directory directory
service replication are correct.
Dnsmgmt.msc: DNS Console

Category
This tool is included in the Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems, and is installed
when the DNS Server service is installed. This tool is also installed with either the Windows 2000 Server or
Windows Server 2003 Administration Tools Pack (Adminpak.msi).
This tool runs on the Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. When installed from
one of the administration tools packs, this tool can also run on Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional and
Windows XP.
The DNS console is used to administer the DNS Server service. It can be used to modify all aspects of the DNS
Server service, including creating and deleting zones and resource records, and forcing replication events
between DNS server physical memory and DNS databases. The DNS console can also be used to perform
diagnostics on the DNS infrastructure of a network.
Eventvwr.exe: Event Viewer
Category
This tool is included in all Windows server and client operating systems.
This tool runs on Windows XP, and the Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems.
You can use Event Viewer to monitor events recorded in event logs. Typically, a computer stores the
Application, Security, and System logs. It could also contain other logs, depending on the computer’s role and
the applications that are installed on it. For example, DNS servers write DNS-related events, such as any errors
that occur while attempting to start the DNS Server service, to log files which can be read using Event Viewer.
Ipconfig.exe: Ipconfig
Category
This tool is included in all Windows server and client operating systems.
This tool runs on all Windows server and client operating systems.
Ipconfig displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) and DNS settings. Used without parameters, Ipconfig displays IPv6 addresses or the IPv4
address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.
Netmon.exe: Network Monitor
Category
This tool is installed along with Windows Server 2003 and the Windows Server 2003 Administration Tools
Pack.
This tool runs on all Windows operating systems.

Network Monitor captures data about the packets on a network and logs them for subsequent analysis. The
monitored data can be filtered many different ways including protocol, ports, physical addresses, and logical
addresses. Network Monitor can be useful in many situations, such as when you are troubleshooting an
environment that has a firewall between a DNS server and a client, or between two DNS servers.
Network Monitor comes in two versions: the Network Monitor that is provided as part of the Windows Server
2003 operating system, and the Network Monitor that is part of Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS).
The version of Network Monitor that is included with the Windows Server 2003 operating system only captures
data about network packets being sent to or from the server on which you run Network Monitor; it also captures
data about network broadcasts that are received. The Network Monitor that is included with SMS enables you
to monitor all network packets on a network segment.
Nslookup.exe: Nslookup
Category
This tool is included in all Microsoft Windows server and client operating systems.
This tool runs on all Windows server and client operating systems.
Nslookup is used to query DNS servers and to obtain detailed responses. The information obtained using
Nslookup can be used to diagnose and solve name resolution problems, verify that resource records are added
or updated correctly in a zone, and debug other server-related problems.
DNS Registry Entries

The following registry entries are associated with DNS.
The information here is provided as a reference for use in troubleshooting or verifying that the required settings
are applied. It is recommended that you do not directly edit the registry unless there is no other alternative.
Modifications to the registry are not validated by the registry editor or by Windows before they are applied, and
as a result, incorrect values can be stored. This can result in unrecoverable errors in the system. When possible,
modify settings though the use of policy settings or through dedicated management tools, such as the DNS
snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), to accomplish tasks, rather than editing the registry
directly. If you must edit the registry, use extreme caution.
Note
 In Windows Server 2003, the location in the registry of the settings relating to DNS zones is different
from the location used in Windows 2000 Server.
 In Windows 2000 Server, the location is:
 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS\Zones
 In Windows Server 2003, the location is:
 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\DNS Server\Zones
DNS\Parameters
The following registry entries are located under

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS\Parameters.
EDNSCacheTimeout
Registry path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS\Parameters
Version
Windows Server 2003
By default, the DNS server includes option (OPT) resource records indicating its User Datagram Protocol
(UDP) maximum in responses to queries containing OPT resource records. The value of the registry key
EDNSCacheTimeout determines how long the DNS server will keep information about the Extension
Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS) versions supported by other DNS servers that have responded to a query with a
OPT resource record. The value for the registry key is specified in seconds between 3,600 (1 hour) and
15,724,800 (182 days).
EnableDirectoryPartitions
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
If you do not want the default DNS application directory partitions to be created automatically, you must
disable the EnableDirectoryPartitions registry key. The values for this key are 0x0 (disable) and 0x1 (enable).
For more information about this registry entry, see the “Registry Reference” in the “Tools and Settings
Collection.”
EnableEDNSProbes
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
The registry entry EnableEDNSProbes enables or disables the EDNS0 response for the DNS Server service.
To configure the DNS server to include an OPT resource record only in response to EDNS0 requests containing
OPT resource records, set the registry entry to a value of 0x1 (DWORD). In Microsoft Windows Server 2003
this setting is enabled by default. Setting the value to 0x0 (DWORD) will disable the feature.
MaximumUdpPacketSize
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003

The registry entry MaximumUdpPacketSize specifies the maximum UDP packet size advertised by the DNS
server. The default value is 1,280 bytes. The value must be between 512 and 16,384 in decimal format (200 and
4,000 in hexadecimal format). UDP packets must travel through devices other than UDP hosts, such as routers,
and some of these devices might not support UDP packets larger than 512 bytes. The maximum UDP packet
length that is supported by all network devices should be determined, along with the path’s Maximum
Transmission Unit (MTU), before configuring this registry setting.
RoundRobin
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
By default, DNS will perform round-robin rotation for all resource record types. The default setting for round-
robin rotation is contained in the registry entry RoundRobin (REG_DWORD). By default, this entry’s value is
1, rotating all RR types except those listed in the DoNotRoundRobinTypes registry entry. If the value of
RoundRobin is set to 0, then no resource record types will be round-robin rotated.
DoNotRoundRobinTypes
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
By default, DNS will perform round-robin rotation for all resource record types. You can specify that certain
resource record types are not to be round-robin rotated in the registry. The registry entry
DoNotRoundRobinTypes (REG_SZ) allows a string value to be entered containing a list of resource record
types. By modifying this entry, you turn off round-robin rotation for specific resource record types. For
example, to prevent round-robin rotation for A, PTR, SRV, and NS record types, you would enter the following
value for the registry entry: a ptr srv ns.
DNSCache\Parameters

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters.
AlternateComputerNames
Registry path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters
Version
Windows Server 2003
The AlternateComputerNames registry entry specifies a list of alternate Fully Qualified Domain Names
(FQDNs) for the computer. When the DNS Client service registers the host address (A) and pointer (PTR)
resource records for the computer, it will also register the FQDNs specified in this key. This key is used by the
Netdom.exe utility and is not typically modified by administrators.
RegistrationRefreshInterval
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
The RegistrationRefreshInterval registry entry specifies how often the DNS Client service will register the A
DNS resource records for its host computer. The value for this registry key is specified in seconds.
UpdateTopLevelDomainZones
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4 (SP4) and Windows Server 2003-based computers never
try to dynamically update the root,“ ”., zone.
The domain members and domain controllers in a domain with a single-label DNS name usually need to
dynamically register DNS records in a single-label DNS zone that matches the DNS name of the domain. If an
Active Directory forest root has a single-label DNS name, all domain controllers in the forest usually need to
dynamically register DNS records in a single-label DNS zone that matches the DNS name of the forest root.
By default, Windows XP and Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4) and Windows Server 2003-based DNS
clients do not attempt dynamic updates of any single-label DNS zone (.com, .net, .org, corp, for example). To
enable such clients to attempt dynamic updates of a single-label DNS zones, set the
UpdateTopLevelDomainZones (REG_DWORD) registry value to 0x1.
These configuration changes should be applied to all domain controllers and members of an Active Directory
domain with single-label DNS names. If a domain with a single-level domain name is a forest root, these
configuration changes should be applied to all of the domain controllers in the forest, unless the separate zones
_msdcs.forest name, _sites.forest name, _tcp.forest name and _udp.forest name are delegated from the forest
name zone. You must restart the computer for the UpdateTopLevelDomainZones registry edit to take effect.
Tcpip\Parameters

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters.
RegistrationEnabled (This registry entry is a global setting.)
Registry path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
Version
Windows Server 2003
The RegistrationEnabled registry entry specifies that the DNS Client service should register all of the network
connections of a computer in DNS. This is a global setting that is applied to all interfaces on a computer. If the
need exists to apply this setting to an individual interface, see the registry entry for
\interfaces\[interfaceGUID}.
SearchList
Registry path
Version
Windows Server 2003
The SearchList registry entry specifies the DNS suffix search list for the network connection used by the
computer. For DNS clients, the DNS suffix search list extends or revises their DNS search capabilities. By
adding additional suffixes to the list, the DNS client searches for short, unqualified computer names in more
than one specified DNS domain. Then, if a DNS query fails, the DNS Client service can use this list to append
other name suffix endings to the original name query and then repeat DNS queries to the DNS server for these
alternate FQDNs. When the suffix search list is empty or unspecified, the primary DNS suffix of the computer
is appended to short unqualified names, and a DNS query is used to resolve the resultant FQDN. If this query
fails, the computer can try additional queries for alternate FQDNs by appending any connection-specific DNS
suffix configured for network connections.
Interfaces\{interfaceGUID}

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{interfaceGU
ID}.
NameServer
Registry path
ID}
Version
Windows Server 2003
The NameServer registry entry specifies the IP address of the DNS server that is used by the network
connection of the computer.
RegistrationEnabled (This is an interface-specific registry setting.)
Registry path
ID}
Version
Windows Server 2003
The RegistrationEnabled registry entry specifies that the DNS Client service should register the computer’s
network connection in DNS. This entry is interface specific and can be set on any interfaces on a computer. The
{interfaceGUID} portion of the registry path determines which interface the setting is applied to.
There is a global version of this setting that gets applied to all interfaces. Information about this setting can be
found under the registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\RegistrationEnabled.
For more information about this registry entry, see the “Registry Reference” in the Tools and Settings
Collection.
DNS Group Policy Settings

The following table lists and describes the Group Policy settings that are associated with the DNS Client
service.
Group Policy Settings Associated With DNS Client Service
Group Policy Name Purpose

Primary DNS Suffix Specifies the primary DNS suffix.
Specifies whether or not the DNS client should perform
Dynamic Update
dynamic updates.
DNS Suffix Search List Specifies the DNS server search list.
Specifies whether DNS name devolution should be used in
Primary DNS Suffix Devolution
resolving names.
Specifies whether reverse lookup name registrations should be
Register PTR Records
performed.
Registration Refresh Interval Specifies the default refresh interval.
Replace Addresses In Conflicts Specifies whether addresses in conflict should be replaced.
Register DNS records With Connection- Specifies whether DNS registration should be attempted for
specific DNS Suffix each network adapter.
TTL Set in the A and PTR Records Specifies Time to Live (TTL) for dynamic registrations.
Update Security Level Specifies the security level for updates.
Specifies whether the computer sends dynamic updates to top
Update Top Level Domain Zones
level domain zones.
For more information about Group Policy settings, see the “Group Policy Settings Reference” in the “Tools and
Settings Collection.”
DNS WMI Classes

The following table lists and describes the WMI classes that are associated with the DNS Server service.
WMI Classes Associated With DNS Server Service
Microsoft DNS WMI Class Description

Describes a DNS server. Every instance of this class
might be associated with one instance of class
MicrosoftDNS_Server MicrosoftDNS_Cache, one instance of class
MicrosoftDNS_RootHints, and multiple instances of
class MicrosoftDNS_Zone.
MicrosoftDNS_Domain Represents a domain in a DNS hierarchy tree.
Describes a DNS zone. Every instance of the class
MicrosoftDNS_Zone must be assigned to exactly one
MicrosoftDNS_Zone DNS Server. Zones might be associated with multiple
instances of the classes MicrosoftDNS_Domain and
MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord.
Describes a cache existing on a DNS server (do not
confuse this with a cache file that contains root hints).
This class simplifies visualizing the containment of DNS
objects, rather than representing a real object. The class,
MicrosoftDNS_Cache, is a container for the resource
records cached by the DNS server.
MicrosoftDNS_Cache
Every instance of the class MicrosoftDNS_Cache must
be assigned to exactly one DNS server. It might be
associated with multiple instances of
MicrosoftDNS_Domain and
Describes the RootHints stored in a cache file on a DNS
server. This class simplifies visualizing the containment
of DNS objects, rather than representing a real object.
Class MicrosoftDNS_RootHints is a container for the
resource records stored by the DNS server in a cache file.
MicrosoftDNS_RootHints
Every instance of the class MicrosoftDNS_RootHints
must be assigned to exactly one DNS server. It might be
associated with multiple instances of the
MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord class.
MicrosoftDNS_Statistic Represents a single DNS server statistic.
Every instance of the class
MicrosoftDNS_ServerDomainContainment might
MicrosoftDNS_ServerDomainContainment
contain multiple instances of the class
MicrosoftDNS_Domain.
Every instance of the
MicrosoftDNS_DomainDomainContainment class might
MicrosoftDNS_DomainDomainContainment
contain multiple other instances of
MicrosoftDNS_Domain.
Every instance of the class
MicrosoftDNS_DomainResourceRecordComtainment
MicrosoftDNS_DomainResourceRecordContainment
might contain multiple instances of the
MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord class.
MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord Represents the general properties of a DNS RR.
Represents an IPv6 Address (AAAA), often pronounced
MicrosoftDNS_AAAAType quad-A, RR. Subclass of
Represents an Andrew File System Database Server
MicrosoftDNS_AFSDBType (AFSDB) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_ATMAType Represents an ATM Address-to-Name (ATMA) RR.
Subclass of MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord.
Represents an Address (A) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_AType
Represents a Canonical Name (CNAME) RR. Subclass
MicrosoftDNS_CNAMEType
of MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord.
Represents a Host Information (HINFO) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_HINFOType
Represents an ISDN RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_ISDNType
Represents a KEY RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_KEYType
Represents a Mailbox (MB) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_MBType
Represents a Mail Agent for Domain (MD) RR. Subclass
MicrosoftDNS_MDType
Represents a Mail Forwarding Agent for Domain (MF)
MicrosoftDNS_MFType
RR. Subclass of MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord.
Represents an MG RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_MGType
Represents an Mail Information (MINFO) RR. Subclass
MicrosoftDNS_MINFOType
Represents a Mailbox Rename (MR) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_MRType
Represents a Mail Exchanger (MX) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_MXType
Represents a Name Server (NS) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_NSType
Represents a Next (NXT) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_NXTType
Represents a Pointer (PTR) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_PTRType
Represents a Responsible Person (RP) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_RPType
Represents a Route Through (RT) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_RTType
Represents a Signature (SIG) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_SIGType
Represents a Start Of Authority (SOA) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_SOAType
Represents a Service (SRV) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_SRVType
Represents a Text (TXT) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_TXTType
Represents a WINS-Reverse (WINSR) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_WINSRType
Represents a WINS RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_WINSType
Represents a Well-Known Service (WKS) RR. Subclass
MicrosoftDNS_WKSType
Represents an X.25 (X25) RR. Subclass of
MicrosoftDNS_X25Type
For more information about many WMI classes, see the WMI SDK documentation on MSDN.
Related Information
The following resources contain additional information that is relevant to this section.
 Microsoft Platform SDK on MSDN for more information about WMI classes that are associated with
the DNS Server service.
 “Group Policy Settings Reference” in the “Tools and Settings Collection” for information about Group
Policy settings that are associated with the DNS Client service.
 “Registry Reference” in the “Tools and Settings Collection” for information about registry entries that
are associated with DNS.

DNS Tools and Settings

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DNS Tools and Settings

Updated: March 28, 2003

DNS Tools and Settings

 DNS Registry Entries

 DNS Group Policy Settings

 DNS WMI Classes

This tool is a free download from Microsoft.

Dnsmgmt.msc: DNS Console

Eventvwr.exe: Event Viewer

Netmon.exe: Network Monitor

This tool runs on all Windows operating systems.

DNS Registry Entries

 In Windows 2000 Server, the location is:

 In Windows Server 2003, the location is:

The following registry entries are located under

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

The following registry entries are located under

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003

The following registry entries are located under

RegistrationEnabled (This registry entry is a global setting.)

Windows Server 2003

The following registry entries are located under

Windows Server 2003

RegistrationEnabled (This is an interface-specific registry setting.)

DNS Group Policy Settings

Group Policy Settings Associated With DNS Client Service

Group Policy Name Purpose

DNS WMI Classes

WMI Classes Associated With DNS Server Service

Microsoft DNS WMI Class Description

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