c


 



The observed frequency for this 1st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

100 50 50 2500 50
0 50 50 2500 50
100
c




Since the calculated value 100 is greater than the table value at 1%=6.64 level of
significance. The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 2nd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

19 50 31 961 19.22
81 50 31 961 19.22
38.44
c




Since the calculated 38.44 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 3rd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

18 50 32 1024 20.48
82 50 32 1024 20.48
40.56
c




Since the calculated value 40.56 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 4th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

98 50 48 2304 46.08
2 50 48 2304 46.08
92.16
c




Since the calculated value 92.16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 5th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

69 50 19 361 7.22
31 50 19 361 7.22
14.44
c




Since the calculated value 14.44 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 6th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

90 50 40 1600 32
10 50 40 1600 32
64
c




Since the calculated value 64 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 7th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

92 50 42 1764 35.28
8 50 42 1764 35.28
70.56
c




Since the calculated value 70.56 is lesser than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 8th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

97 50 47 2209 44.18
3 50 47 2209 44.18
88.36
c




Since the calculated value 88.36 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 9th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

34 50 16 256 5.12
66 50 16 256 5.12
10.24
c




Since the calculated value 10.24 is lesser than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 10th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

57 50 7 49 0.98
43 50 7 49 0.98
1.86
c




Since the calculated value 1.86 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is excluded.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 11th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

97 50 47 2209 44.18
3 50 47 2209 44.18
88.36
c




Since the calculated value 88.36 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 12th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

69 50 19 361 7.22
31 50 19 361 7.22
14.44
c




Since the calculated value 14.44 is lesser than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 13th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

53 50 3 9 0.18
47 50 3 9 0.18
0.36
c




Since the calculated value 0.36 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 14th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

66 50 16 256 5.12
34 50s 16 256 5.12
10.24
c




Since the calculated value 10.24 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 15th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

59 50 9 81 1.62
41 50 9 81 1.62
3.24
c




Since the calculated value 3.24 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 16th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

98 50 48 2304 46.08
2 50 48 2304 46.08
92.16
c




Since the calculated value 92.16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 17th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

52 50 2 4 0.08
48 50 2 4 0.08
0.16
c




Since the calculated value 0.76 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 1st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

89 50 39 1521 30.42
11 50 39 1521 30.42
60.84

c




Since the calculated value 60.84 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 19th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

72 50 22 484 9.68
28 50 22 484 9.68
19.36
c




Since the calculated value 19.36 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 20th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

88 50 38 1444 28.88
12 50 38 1444 28.88
57.76
c




Since the calculated value 57.76is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 21st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

91 50 41 1681 33.62
9 50 41 1681 33.62
67.24
c




Since the calculated value 67.24 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 1st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

31 50 19 361 7.22
69 50 19 361 7.22
14.44
c




Since the calculated value 14.44 is greater than the table value at 5% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 23rd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

92 50 42 1764 35.28
8 50 42 1764 35.28
70.56
c




Since the calculated value 70.56 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 24th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

98 50 48 2304 46.08
2 50 48 2304 46.08
92.16

c




Since the calculated value 92.16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 25th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

31 50 19 361 7.22
69 50 19 361 7.22
14.44
c




Since the calculated value 14.44 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 26th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

81 50 31 961 19.22
19 50 31 961 19.22
38.44
c




Since the calculated value 38.44 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 27th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

69 50 19 361 7.22
31 50 19 361 7.22
14.44
c




Since the calculated value 14.44 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 28th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

84 50 34 1156 23.12
16 50 34 1156 23.12
46.24
c




Since the calculated value 46.24 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 29th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

98 50 48 2304 46.08
2 50 48 2304 46.08
92.16
c




Since the calculated value 92.16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 30th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

49 50 1 1 0.02
51 50 1 1 0.02
0.04
c




Since the calculated value 0.04 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 31st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

15 50 35 1225 24.5
85 50 35 1225 24.5
49.0
c




Since the calculated value 49 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 32nd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

30 50 20 400 8
70 50 20 400 8
16
c




Since the calculated value 16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 33rd item is not by choice but by chance.

Fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

57 50 7 49 0.98
43 50 7 49 0.98
1.96
c




Since the calculated value 1.96 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 34th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

93 50 43 1849 36.98
7 50 43 1849 36.98
73.96
c




Since the calculated value 73.96 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 35th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

90 50 40 1600 32
10 50 40 1600 32
64
c




Since the calculated value 64 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 36th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

62 50 12 144 2.88
38 50 12 144 2.88
5.76
c




Since the calculated value 5.76 is greater than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 37th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

88 50 38 1444 28.88
12 50 38 1444 28.88
57.76
c




Since the calculated value 57.76 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 38th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

60 50 10 100 2
40 50 10 100 2
4
c




Since the calculated value 4 is greater than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 39th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

82 50 32 1024 20.48
18 50 32 1024 20.48
40.96

c




Since the calculated value 40.96 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 40th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

92 50 42 1764 35.28
8 50 42 1764 35.28
70.56
c




Since the calculated value 70.56 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 41st item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

82 50 38 1444 28.88
12 50 38 1444 28.88
57.76
c




Since the calculated value 57.76 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 42nd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

82 50 32 1024 20.48
18 50 32 1024 20.48
40.96
c




Since the calculated value 40.96 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
c


 



The observed frequency for this 43rd item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

53 50 3 9 0.18
47 50 3 9 0.18
0.36
c




Since the calculated value 0.36 is lesser than the table value at 5% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence the item is excluded.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 44th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

93 50 43 1849 36.98
7 50 43 1849 36.98
73.96
c




Since the calculated value 73.96 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.

c


 



The observed frequency for this 45th item is not by choice but by chance.

fo fe fo-fe (fo-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe

30 50 20 400 8
70 50 20 400 8
16
c




Since the calculated value 16 is greater than the table value at 1% level of significance. The
null hypothesis is rejected. Hence the item is retained.
 




The observed frequencies for these item are not by choice but by chance.

Ite frequenc Œ
   Table

m y Yes No  value(5%) Hypothesis
no
1 Observed 100 0 100 6.64
Expected 50 50 Rejected
2 Observed 81 19 8.44 6.64
Expected 50 50 Rejected
3 Observed 18 82 40.56 6.64
Expected 50 50 Rejected
4 Observed 98 2 92.16 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
5 Observed 69 31 14.44 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
6 Observed 90 10 64 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
7 Observed 92 8 70.56 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
8 Observed 97 3 88.36 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
9 Observed 34 66 10.24 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
10 Observed 57 43 1.86 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
11 Observed 97 3 88.36 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
12 Observed 69 31 14.44 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
13 Observed 53 47 0.36 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
14 Observed 66 34 10.24 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
15 Observed 59 41 3.24 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
16 Observed 98 2 92.16 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
17 Observed 52 48 0.16 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected
18 Observed 89 11 60.84 9.49
Expected 50 50 Rejected


19 Observed 72 28 19.36 9.49

expected 50 50 Rejected
20 Observed 88 12 57.76 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
21 Observed 91 9 67.24 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
22 Observed 31 69 14.44 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
23 Observed 92 8 9.49
expected 50 50 70.56 Rejected
24 Observed 98 2 9.49
expected 50 50 92.16 Rejected
25 Observed 31 69 9.49
expected 50 50 14.44 Rejected
26 Observed 81 19 9.49
expected 50 50 38.44 Rejected
27 Observed 69 31 9.49
expected 50 50 14.44 Rejected
28 Observed 84 16 9.49
46.24 Rejected
expected 50 50
29 Observed 98 2 9.49
expected 50 50 92.16 Rejected
30 Observed 49 51 9.49
expected 50 50 0.04 Rejected

31 Observed 15 85 9.49
49 Rejected
expected 50 50
32 Observed 30 70 9.49
expected 50 50 16 Rejected

33 Observed 57 43 9.49
expected 50 50 1.96 Rejected
34 Observed 93 7 9.49
expected 50 50 73.96 Rejected
35 Observed 90 10 9.49
64 Rejected
expected 50 50
36 Observed 62 38 9.49
expected 50 50 5.76 Rejected
37 Observed 88 12 57.76
 expected 50 50
38 Observed 60 40 4 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
39 Observed 82 18 40.96 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
40 Observed 92 8 70.56 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
41 Observed 88 12 57.76 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
42 Observed 82 18 40.96 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
43 Observed 53 47 0.36 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
44 Observed 93 7 73.96 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected
45 Observed 30 70 16 9.49
expected 50 50 Rejected