World Country

Afghanistan
President: Hamid Karzai (2002)
Total area: 250,000 sq mi (647,500 sq km)
Population (2010est.): 29,121,286 (growth rate: 2.4%); birth rate: 38.11/1000; infant mortality rate:
151.5/1000; life expectancy: 44.6; density per sq mi: 128
Capital and largest city : Kabul, 2,206,300

Other large cities: Kandahar, 349,300; Mazar-i-Sharif, 246,900; Charikar, 202,600; Herat, 171,500
Monetary unit: Afghani
National name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan
Languages: Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages
Ethnicity/race: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%,
other 4%
Religion: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%
National Holiday: Independence Day, August 19
Literacy rate: 28.1% (2000 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $23.3 billion; per capita $800. Real growth rate: 3.5%
(2009 est.). Inflation: 30.5% (2009 est.). Unemployment: 35% (2008 est.). Arable
land: 12.13%. Agriculture: opium, wheat, fruits, nuts; wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins. Labor
force: 15 million; agriculture 80%, industry 10%, services 10%. Natural resources: natural gas,
petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious
stones. Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement;
handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper. Exports: $274 million; note - not including illicit exports or
reexports (2006): opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and
semiprecious gems. Imports: $3.823 billion (2006): capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum
products. Major trading partners: Pakistan, India, U.S., Germany (2006).
Transportation: Highways: total: 34,782 km; paved: 8,229 km; unpaved: 26,553 km

(2004). Waterways: 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to about 500 DWT
(2007). Ports and harbors: Kheyrabad, Shir Khan. Airports: 46 (2007).
Albania
President: Bamir Topi (2007)
Prime Minister: Sali Berisha (2005)
Land area: 10,579 sq mi (27,400 sq km); total area: 11,100 sq mi (28,748 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 3,659,616 (growth rate: 0.56%); birth rate: 15.39/1000; infant mortality rate:
Capital and largest city : Tirana, 353,400
Other large cities: Durres, 113,900; Elbasan, 97,000
Monetary unit: Lek
National name: Republika e Shqiperise
Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
Ethnicity/race: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.)
Religions: Islam 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% (est.)
National Holiday: Independence Day, November 28
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $22.9 billion; note: Albania has a large gray economy
that may be as large as 50% of official GDP (2009 est.); per capita $6,300. Real growth rate: 3.7%
(2009 est.). Inflation: 2.1% (2009 est.). Unemployment: 12% official rate, but may exceed 30% due
to preponderance of near-subsistence farming (2007 est.). Arable land: 20.1%
(2005).Agriculture: wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy
products. Labor force: 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers); agriculture 58%,
industry 15%, services 27% (2006 est.). Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber,
oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower. Natural resources: petroleum, natural
gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower. Exports: $1.19
billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables,
fruits, tobacco. Imports: $3.6 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles,
chemicals. Major trading partners: Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 447 km (2006). Highways: total: 18,000 km; paved: 5,400 km;
unpaved: 12,600 km (2002). Waterways: 43 km (2007). Ports and harbors: Durres, Sarande,
Shengjin, Vlore. Airports: 11 (2007).
Algeria
President: Abdel-Aziz Bouteflika (1999)
Prime Minister: Ahmed Ouyahia (2008)
Total area: 919,590 sq mi (2,381,741 sq km)
Capital and largest city : Algiers, 3,917,000 (metro. area), 1,742,800 (city proper)
Other large cities: Oran, 752,200; Constantine, 530,100; Batna, 278,100; Annaba, 246,700
Monetary unit: Dinar
National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
Religion: Islam (Sunni) 99% (state religion), Christian and Jewish 1%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, November 1
Literacy rate: 69.9%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $239.6 billion; per capita $7,000. Real growth

rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 4.1%. Unemployment: 12.4%. Arable land: 3.17%. Agriculture: wheat, barley,
oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle. Labor force: 9.38 million; agriculture 14%, industry
13.4%, construction and public works 10%, trade 14.6%, government 32%, other 16% (2003
est.). Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food
processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead,
zinc. Exports: $52.0 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products
97%. Imports: $39.5 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods. Major trading
partners: France, Italy, China, Germany, Spain, U.S., Turkey (2006)
Transportation: Railways: total: 3,973 km (2006). Highways: total: 108,302 km ; paved: 76,028 km;
unpaved: 32,274 km (2004). Ports and harbors: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel,
Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda. Airports: 150 (2007).
Andorra
Head of Government: Albert Pintat Santolària (2005)
Chiefs of State (Coprinces): Frederic de Saint-Sernin for France and Nemesi Marques Oste for Spain
Total area: 174 sq mi (451 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 84,525 (growth rate: 0.38%); birth rate: 10.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 3.8/1000;
life expectancy: 82.36; density per sq mi: 412
Capital and largest city : Andorra la Vella, 23,000
Monetary units: Euro
National name: Principat d'Andorra
Languages: Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Ethnicity/race: Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Religion: Roman Catholic (predominant)
National Holiday: Our Lady of Meritxell Day, September 8
Literacy rate: 100%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2008): $4.22 billion; per capita $44,900. Real growth

rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 2.3%. Unemployment: 7% (2008 est.). Arable land: 2.13%. Agriculture: small
quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep. Labor force: 42,420 (2005); agriculture 0.3%,
industry 20.3%, services 79.4%. Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
banking. Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead. Exports: $89.5 million
f.o.b. (2008): tobacco products, furniture. Imports: $1.8 billion (2008): consumer goods, food,
electricity. Major trading partners: Spain, France
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 269 km; paved: 198 km; unpaved: 71 km. Ports and
harbors: none. Airports: none.
International disputes: none.

Angola
President: José Eduardo dos Santos (1979)
Prime Minister: Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (2003)
Capital and largest city : Luanda, 2,297,200

Other large cities: Huambo, 171,000; Lubango, 136,000
Monetary unit: New Kwanza

National name: Republica de Angola
Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Ethnicity/race: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native
African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Religions: Indigenous 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $114.4 billion; per capita $8,900. Real growth rate: -
0.6%. Inflation: 13.1%. Unemployment: extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more
than half the population (2001 est.). Arable land: 2.65%. Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal,
corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish. Labor
force: 6.573 million; agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2007 est.). Industries: petroleum;
diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish
processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair. Natural
resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite,
uranium. Exports: $40.02 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas,
coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton. Imports: $12.81 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery
and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods. Major
trading partners: U.S., China, Taiwan, France, Chile (2006)
Transportation: Railways: total: 2,761 km (2006). Highways: total: 51,429 km; paved: 5,349 km;
unpaved: 46,080 km (2001). Waterways: 1,300 km (2007). Ports and harbors: Cabinda, Luanda,
Soyo. Airports: 232 (2007).
Antigua and Barbuda
Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)
Governor-General: Louise Lake-Tack (2007)
Prime Minister: Baldwin Spencer (2004)
Population (2010 est.): 86,754 (growth rate: 1.3%); birth rate: 16.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 15.1/1000;
life expectancy: 75.26; density per sq mi: 409
Capital and largest city : St. John's, 23,500

Other large cities: English Harbour, 2,900; Codrington (capital of Barbuda), est. pop. 870
Monetary unit: East Caribbean dollar
Languages: English (official), local dialects
Ethnicity/race: black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9%
Religions: Christian (predominantly Anglican and other Protestant; some Roman Catholic)
National Holiday: Independence Day (National Day), November 1
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.55 billion; per capita $18,100 (2009 est.). Real growth
rate: -6.5% (2009 est.). Inflation: 1.5% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 11% (2001 est.). Arable
land: 18.18%. Agriculture: cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes,
sugarcane; livestock. Labor force: 30,000 (1991); agriculture: 3.8%, industry: 22%, services: 74.3%
(2002 est.). Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household
appliances). Natural resources: negl.; pleasant climate fosters tourism. Exports: $84.3 million (2007
est.): petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and
live animals 4%, other 8%. Imports: $522.8 million (2007 est.): ffood and live animals, machinery and
transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil. Major trading partners: Poland, UK, Germany, Italy,
China, U.S., Singapore, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (2006).
Transportation: Highways: total: 1,165 km, paved: 384 km, unpaved: 781 km (2002). Ports and
harbors: Saint John's. Airports: 3 (2007).
International disputes: none
Argentina
President: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007)
Land area: 1,056,636 sq mi (2,736,690 sq km); total area: 1,068,296 sq mi (2,766,890 sq km)
Capital and largest city : Buenos Aires, 13,349,000 (metro. area), 2,768,772 (city proper)
Other large cities: Córdoba, 1,486,200; Rosario, 1,276,900; Mendoza, 988,600; Mar del Plata, 683,700
Monetary unit: Peso
National name: República Argentina
Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Ethnicity/race: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry),
Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing),Protestant 2%,Jewish 2%,other 4%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, May 25
2.5%. Inflation: 7.7% official rate; actual rate may be double the official
rate. Unemployment: 9.6%. Arable land: 10.03%. Agriculture: sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans,
grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock. Labor force: 16.1 million: note: urban areas only
(2007 est.); agriculture: 1%, industry: 23%, services: 76% (2007 est.). Industries: food processing, motor
vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Natural
resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum,
uranium. Exports: $55.7 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor
vehicles. Imports: $38.71 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals,
metal manufactures, plastics. Major trading partners: Brazil, Chile, U.S., China, Spain, Germany (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 31,902 km (2006). Highways: total: 229,144 km; paved: 68,809 km

(including 734 km of expressways); unpaved: 160,335 km (2004). Waterways: 11,000 km (2006). Ports
and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario,
San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas. Airports: 1,272 (2007).
Armenia
President: Serzh Sarkisyan (2008)
Prime Minister: Tigran Sarkisyan (2008)
Capital and largest city: Yerevan, 1,462,700 (metro. area), 1,267,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Vanadzor, 147,400; Gyumri (Leninakan), 125,300; Abovian, 59,300
Monetary unit: Dram
National Name: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
Languages: Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian

Ethnicity/race: Armenian 97.9%, Russian 0.5%, Kurds 1.3%, other 0.3% (2001)
Religion: Armenian Apostolic 95%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi 1%
National Holiday: Independence Day, September 21
15%. Inflation: 4.2%. Unemployment: 7.1% (2007 est.). Arable land: 16.78%. Agriculture: fruit
(especially grapes), vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 1.2 million; agriculture 46.2%, industry 15.6%,
services 38.2% (2006 est). Industries: diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-
pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks,
instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing,
brandy. Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina. Exports: $715
million f.o.b. (2009): diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy. Imports: $2.54 billion f.o.b. (2009
est.): natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds. Major trading partners: Russia,
Ukraine, Belgium, Turkmenistan, Italy, Germany, Iran, Israel, U.S.%, Georgia (2006)
Transportation: Railways: total: 839 km (2006). Highways: total: 7,700 km; paved: 7,700 km (includes

1,561 km of expressways) (2006). Waterways: n.a. Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 12 (2007).
Australia

Governor-General: Quentin Bryce (2008)
Prime Minister: Julia Gillard (2010)
Capital: Canberra
Largest cities: Sydney, 4,250,100; Melbourne, 3,610,800; Brisbane, 1,545,700; Perth, 1,375,200;
Adelaide, 1,087,600
Monetary unit: Australian dollar
National name: República Argentina
Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Ethnicity/race: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry),
Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing),Protestant 2%,Jewish 2%,other 4%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, May 25
2.5%. Inflation: 7.7% official rate; actual rate may be double the official
rate. Unemployment: 9.6%. Arable land: 10.03%. Agriculture: sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans,
grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock. Labor force: 16.1 million: note: urban areas only
(2007 est.); agriculture: 1%, industry: 23%, services: 76% (2007 est.). Industries: food processing, motor
vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel. Natural
resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum,
uranium. Exports: $55.7 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor
vehicles. Imports: $38.71 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals,
metal manufactures, plastics. Major trading partners: Brazil, Chile, U.S., China, Spain, Germany (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 31,902 km (2006). Highways: total: 229,144 km; paved: 68,809 km
(including 734 km of expressways); unpaved: 160,335 km (2004). Waterways: 11,000 km (2006). Ports
and harbors: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario,
San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas. Airports: 1,272 (2007)
Austria
President: Heinz Fischer (2004)
Chancellor: Alfred Gusenbauer (2007)
Population (2010 est.): 8,214,160 (growth rate: 0.04%); birth rate 8.6/1000; infant mortality rate:
Capital and largest city : Vienna, 2,041,300 (metro area), 1,523,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Graz, 219,500; Linz, 185,300; Salzburg, 145,500; Innsbruck, 115,600
Monetary units: Euro (formerly schilling)
National name: Republik Österreich
Languages: German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region)
Ethnicity/race: Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, Bosniaks),
Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001)
Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 5%, Islam 4%, none 12% (2001)
National Holiday: National Day, October 26
Literacy rate: 98%
3.5%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: 4.7%. Arable land: 16.59%. Agriculture: grains, potatoes,
sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber. Labor force: 3.56 million (2007 est.);
agriculture and forestry 3%, industry and crafts 27%, services 70%. Industries:construction, machinery,
vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard,
communications equipment, tourism. Natural resources: oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc,
antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower. Exports: $129 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.):
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron
and steel, textiles, foodstuffs. Imports: $136 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, motor
vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Germany,
Italy, Switzerland, Netherlands (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 6,021 km (3,552 km electrified) (2004). Highways: 133,718 km; paved:
133,718 km (including 1,677 km of expressways) (2003). Waterways: 358 km (2007). Ports and
harbors: Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna. Airports: 55 (2007).
Azerbaijan
President: Ilham Aliyev (2003)
Prime Minister: Artur Rasizade (2003)
Capital and largest city: Baku, 2,118,600 (metro area), 1,235,400 (city proper), a port on the Caspian
Sea
Other large cities (2004 est.): Ganja, 303,000; Sumgait, 280,500
Monetary unit: Manat
National Name: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Languages: Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Ethnicity/race: Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999). Note:
almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region
Religions: Islam 93%, Russian Orthodox 3%, Armenian Orthodox 2%, other 2% (1995 est.)
National Holiday: Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, May 28

rate: 9.3%. Inflation: 1.5%. Unemployment: 6% official rate (2009 est.).
Arableland: 20.62%. Agriculture: cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs,
sheep, goats. Labor force: 5.243 million (2007 est.); agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services
52% (2001). Industries: petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron
ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore,
nonferr us metals, alumina. Exports: $13.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton,
foodstuffs. Imports: $5.44 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs,
metals, chemicals. Major trading partners: Italy, Israel, Turkey, France, Russia, Iran, Georgia (2006)
Transportation: Railways: total: 2,122 km (2006). Highways: total: 59,141 km ; paved: 29,210 km;
unpaved: 29,931 km (2004). Ports and harbors: Baku (Baki). Airports: 35 (2007).
Bahamas
Governor-General: Arthur Dion Hanna (2006)
Prime Minister: Hubert Ingraham (2007)
Land area: 3,888 sq mi (10,070 sq km); total area: 5,382 sq mi 13,940 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 310,426 (growth rate: 0.9%); birth rate: 16.25/1000; infant mortality rate:
13.6/1000; life expectancy: 70.8; density per sq km: 30
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nassau, 222,200
Monetary unit: Bahamian dollar
Languages: English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Ethnicity/race: black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Religions: Baptist 35%, Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 14%, Pentecostal 8%, Church of God 5%,
Methodist 4%, other Christian 15% (2000)
National Holiday: Independence Day, July 10
4%. Inflation: 2.4% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 7.6%. Arable land: 0.58%. Agriculture: citrus,
vegetables; poultry. Labor force: 176,300 (2004); agriculture 5%, industry 5%, tourism 50%, other
services 40% (2005 est.). Industries: tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite,
pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe. Natural resources: salt, aragonite, timber, arable
land. Exports: $674 million (2006 est.): mineral products and salt, animal products, rum, chemicals, fruit
and vegetables. Imports: $2.4 billion (2006 est.): machinery and transport equipment, manufactures,
chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals. Major trading partners:U.S., Poland, Spain, Germany,
France, South Korea, Brazil, Japan, Italy, Venezuela (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 2,693 km; paved: 1,546 km; unpaved: 1,147 km
(1999). Ports and harbors: Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point. Airports: 64 (2005).
International disputes: disagrees with the US on the alignment of the maritime boundary; continues to
monitor and interdict Haitian refugees fleeing economic privation and political instability .
Bahrain
King: Hamad ibn Isa al-Khalifah (1999)
Prime Minister: Khalifah ibn Sulman al-Khalifah (1970)
Land area: 239 sq mi (619 sq km); total area: 257 sq mi (665 sq km)
14.7/1000; life expectancy: 75.4; density per sq km: 1,080
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Al-Manámah, 527,000 (metro area), 149,900 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Bahrain dinar
National Name: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
Languages: Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Ethnicity/race: Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001)
Religion: Islam (Shiite and Sunni) 81%, Christian 9%
National Holiday: National Day, December 16
Literacy rate: 89% (2003 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est): $28.0 billion; per capita $38,400. Real growth

rate: 2.9%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 15%. Arable land: 2.82%. Agriculture: fruit, vegetables;
poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish. Labor force: 380,000; note: 44% of the population in the 15–64 age
group is non-national; agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%, government 20% (1997
est.). Industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers,
offshore banking, ship repairing, tourism. Natural resources: oil, associated and nonassociated natural
gas, fish, pearls. Exports: $12.5 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum,
textiles. Imports: $10.37 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, machinery, chemicals.Major trading
partners: Saudi Arabia, U.S., UAE, Japan, Germany, UK, France (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 3,498 km; paved: 2,768 km; unpaved: 730 km
(2003). Ports and harbors: Mina' Salman, Sitrah. Airports: 3 (2005).
International disputes: none.
Bangladesh
President: Iajuddin Ahmed (2002)
Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina (2009)
57.8/1000; life expectancy: 60.6; density per sq km: 1,146
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Dhaka, 12,560,000 (metro.area), 5,378,023 (city proper)
Other large cities: Chittagong, 2,592,400; Khulna, 1,211,500
Monetary unit: Taka
Principal languages: Bangla (official), English

Ethnicity/race: Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Religions: Islam 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)
National Holiday: Independence Day, March 26

rate: 5.6%. Inflation: 5.1%. Unemployment: 2.5% (includes underemployment). Arable
land: 55.39%. Agriculture: rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices,
fruit; beef, milk, poultry. Labor force: 66.6 million; note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; agriculture 63%, industry 11%, services 26%
(FY95/96). Industries: cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical
fertilizer, light engineering, sugar. Natural resources: natural gas, arable land, timber,
coal. Exports: $15.9 billion (2009 est.): garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood
(2001).Imports: $20.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles,
foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement (2000). Major trading partners: U.S., Germany, UK, France,
Italy, India, China, Singapore, Kuwait, Japan, Hong Kong (2004).

unpaved: 216,500 km (2003). Waterways: 8,372 km; note: includes 2,635 km main cargo routes
(2005). Ports and harbors: Chittagong, Mongla Port. Airports: 16 (2005).
Barbados
Governor-General: Sir Clifford Husbands (1996)
Prime Minister: David Thompson (2008)
Land area: 166 sq mi (430 sq km); total area 166 sq mi (431 sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bridgetown, 98,900

Monetary unit: Barbados dollar
Language: English
Ethnicity/race: black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
Religions: Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic
4%, none 17%, other 12%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $5.728 billion; per capita: $18,500. Real growth rate: –
2.8%. Inflation: 5.5% (2003 est.). Unemployment: 10.7% (2003 est.). Arable
land: 37.21%. Agriculture: sugarcane, vegetables, cotton. Labor force: 128,500 (2001 est.); services
75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.). Industries: tourism, sugar, light manufacturing,
component assembly for export. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, natural gas. Exports: $385 million
(2006 est): sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical
components. Imports: $1.586 billion (2006 est.): consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction
materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, Trindad and
Tobago, St. Lucia, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Japan (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 1,600 km; paved: 1,600 km (2003). Ports and

harbors: Bridgetown. Airports: 1 (2005).
Belarus
President: Alyaksandr Lukashenka (1994)
Prime Minister: Syarhey Sidorski (2003)
Population (2010 est.): 9,612,632 (growth rate: &ndaqsh;0.3%); birth rate: 9.7/1000; infant mortality rate:
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Mensk (Minsk), 1,769,500

Other large cities: Gomel, 502,200; Mogilyov, 374,000; Vitebsk, 355,800; Grodno, 314,100; Brest,
306,300; Bobruysk, 228,100
Monetary unit: Belorussian ruble
National Name: Respublika Byelarus'
Languages: Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other

Ethnicity/race: Belorussian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999)
Religion: Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20%
(1997 est.)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $116 billion; per capita $11,600. Real growth rate: –
0.2%. Inflation: 10%. Unemployment: 1% (2009 est.) officially registered unemployed; large number of
underemployed workers. Arable land: 26.77%. Agriculture: grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets,
flax; beef, milk. Labor force: 4.3 million (Dec. 31, 2005); agriculture 14%, industry 34.7%, services 51.3%
(2003 est.). Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles,
televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators. Natural resources: forests, peat
deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel,
clay. Exports: $24.8 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals,
metals, textiles, foodstuffs. Imports: $30.4 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): mineral products, machinery and
equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals. Major trading partners: Russia, UK, Netherlands, Poland,
Germany, Ukraine (2004).
unpaved: 10,639 km (2004). Waterways: 2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and
by shallowness) (2003). Ports and harbors: Mazyr. Airports: 101 (2005).
Belgium
Sovereign: King Albert II (1993)
Prime Minister: Yves Leterme (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Brussels, 1,750,600 (metro area), 981,200 (city proper)
Other large cities: Antwerp, 952,600 (metro area), 450,000 (city proper); Ghent, 226,900; Charleroi,
201,200; Liège, 185,700; Bruges, 117,200
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Belgian franc)
National name: Royaume de Belgique—Koninkrijk België
Languages: Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)
Ethnicity/race: Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Religion: Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%
National Holiday: Ascension to the Throne of King Leopold I, July 21
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $466.9 billion; per capita $36,600. Real growth rate: –
3.1%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.3%. Arable land: 27.42%. Agriculture: sugar beets, fresh
vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk. Labor force: 4.77 million; agriculture 1.3%,
industry 24.5%, services 74.2% (2003 est.). Industries: engineering and metal products, motor vehicle
assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals,
basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum. Natural resources: construction materials, silica sand,
carbonates. Exports: $296.1 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds,
metals and metal products, foodstuffs. Imports: $315 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment,
chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products. Major trading
partners: Germany, France, Netherlands, UK, U.S., Italy, Ireland (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 3,521 km (2,927 km electrified) (2004). Highways: total: 149,757 km;
paved: 117,110 km (including 1,747 km of expressways); unpaved: 32,647 km (2003). Waterways: 2,043
km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003). Ports and harbors: Antwerp, Brussels, Gent, Liege,
Oostende, Zeebrugge. Airports: 43 (2005).
Belize
Governor-General: Sir Colville Young (1993)
Prime Minister: Said Musa (1998)
Capital (2003 est.): Belmopan, 8,700
Largest city: Belize City, 52,600
Monetary unit: Belize dollar
Languages: English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Ethnicity/race: mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%
Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7%, Anglican 5%, Seventh-Day Adventist
5%, Mennonite 4%, Methodist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%), none 9%, other 14% (2000)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.485 billion; per capita $8,100. Real growth rate: –
1.5%. Inflation: 0.3%. Unemployment: 8.1% (2006). Arable land: 3.05%. Agriculture: bananas, coca,
citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber; garments. Labor force: 90,000; note: shortage of skilled labor
and all types of technical personnel; agriculture 27%, industry 18%, services 55% (2001
est.). Industries: garment production, food processing, tourism, construction. Natural resources: arable
land potential, timber, fish, hydropower. Exports: $395 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): sugar, bananas, citrus,
clothing, fish products, molasses, wood. Imports: $616 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and transport
equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco. Major
trading partners: U.S., UK, Jamaica , Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, China, Japan (2004).
International disputes: Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of
Belize's border region; OAS is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small
adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for
disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package.
Benin
President: Yayi Boni (2006)
Capital (2003 est.): Porto-Novo (official), 231,600; Largest city and seat of government: Cotonou
734,600
Other large cities: Parakou 205,300; Djougou, 184,200
Monetary unit: CFA Franc
National name: Republique du Benin
Languages: French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages

Ethnicity/race: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba),
Europeans 5,500
Religions: indigenous 50%, Christian 30%, Islam 20%
National Holiday: National Day, August 1
Literacy rate: 34.7% (2006)

rate: 2.5%. Inflation: 4%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 25.53%. Agriculture: cotton, corn,
cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts; livestock. Labor force: n.a. Industries: textiles, food
processing, construction materials, cement. Natural resources: small offshore oil deposits, limestone,
marble, timber. Exports: $1.02 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, crude oil, palm products,
cocoa. Imports: $1.54 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products. Major
trading partners: China, India, Ghana, Niger, Indonesia, Nigeria, France, Thailand, Côte d'Ivoire (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 578 km (2004). Highways: total: 6,787 km; paved: 1,357 km (including

10 km of expressways); unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.). Waterways: 150 km (on River Niger along
northern border) (2004). Ports and harbors: Cotonou. Airports: 5 (2004 est.).
Bhutan
Prime Minister: Lyonpo Jigme Thinley (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Thimphu (official), 60,200
Monetary unit: Ngultrum
Languages: Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese)
Ethnicity/race: Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
National Holiday: National Day, December 17
Religions: Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%

rate: 5%. Inflation: 8% Unemployment: 4% (2009 est.) Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: rice, corn, root
crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs. Labor force: n.a.; note: major shortage of skilled labor;
agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5%. Industries: cement, wood products, processed
fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide. Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium
carbide. Exports: $513 million f.o.b. (2008 est.): electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber,
handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices. Imports: $533 million (2008 est.): fuel and lubricants,
grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice. Major trading partners: India, Bangladesh, Japan,
Germany, Austria (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 4,007 km; paved: 24 km; unpaved: 3,983 km

(2002). Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 2 (2004 est.).
Bolivia
President: Evo Morales (2006)
Land area: 418,683 sq mi (1,084,389 sq km); total area: 424,164 sq mi (1,098,580 sq km)
Historic and judicial capital (2003 est.): Sucre, 204,200; Administrative capital: La Paz, 1,576,100
(metro. area), 830,500 (city proper)
Other large cities: Santa Cruz, 1,168,700; Cochabamba, 815,800; El Alto, 728,500; Oruro, 211,700
Monetary unit: Boliviano
National name: República de Bolivia
Languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official)
Ethnicity/race: Quechua 30%, mestizo 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Religion: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%

rate: 2.8%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 8.5% in urban areas with widespread
underemployment. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice,
potatoes; timber. Labor force: 4.22 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services
n.a. Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing. Natural
resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber,
hydropower. Exports:$4.83 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude
petroleum, zinc ore, tin. Imports: $4.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum products, plastics, paper,
aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans. Major trading
partners: Brazil, U.S. Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, China, Japan (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 3,519 km (2004). Highways: total: 60,282 km;
paved: 3,979 km; unpaved: 56,303 km (2002). Waterways:10,000 km (commercially
navigable) (2004).
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Presidency, Chairman of the (rotating): Borjana Kristo (2007)
Prime Minister: Nikola Spiric (2007)
Population (2010 est.): 4,621,598) (growth rate: 0.3%); birth rate: 8.8/1000; infant mortality rate:
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sarajevo, 581,500 (unofficial)

Other large cities: Banja Luka, 189,700; Tuzla 119,200; Mostar, 90,800
Monetary unit: Marka
National Name: Bosna i Hercegovina
Languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Ethnicity/race: Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000)
National Holiday: National Day, November 25
Religions: Islam 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%
Literacy rate: 96.7.
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $29.07 billion (note: Bosnia has a large informal sector that
could also be as much as 50% of official GDP); per capita $6,300. Real growth rate: –
3.4%. Inflation: 0.6%. Unemployment: 40% official rate. Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: wheat, corn,
fruits, vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 1.026 million (2001); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services
n.a. Industries: steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco
products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining .Natural
resources: coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite , cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum,
salt, sand, forests, hydropower. Exports: $3.95 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): metals, clothing, wood
products. Imports: $8.8 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels,
foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Italy, Croatia, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km) (2004). Highways: total: 21,846 km;
paved: 11,424 km; unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est). Waterways: Sava River (northern border) open to
shipping but use limited because of no agreement with neighboring countries (2004).Ports and
harbors: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on
the Sava), Orasje. Airports: 27 (2004 est.).
Botswana
President: Ian Khama (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Gaborone, 195,000
Monetary unit: Pula
Languages: English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001)
Ethnicity/race: Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other (including Kgalagadi and
white) 7%
National Holiday: Independence Day (Botswana Day), September 30
Religions: Christian 72%, Badimo 6%, none 21% (2001)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $26 billion; per capita $13,100. Real growth rate: –
5.2%. Inflation: 7.3%. Unemployment: 7.5%.Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: livestock, sorghum,
maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts. Labor force: 288,400 formal sector employees (2004);
agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a.. Industries: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash;
livestock processing; textiles.Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal,
iron ore, silver. Exports: $2.96 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat,
textiles. Imports: $3.67 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport
equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal
products. Major trading partners: European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Southern African
Customs Union (SACU), Zimbabwe (2004).

unpaved: 4,598 km (1999). Ports and harbors:none. Airports: 85 (2004 est.).
Brazil
President: Dilma Rousseff (2011)
Land area: 3,265,059 sq mi (8,456,511 sq km); total area:3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km)
Capital (2003 est.): Brasília, 2,160,100

Largest cities: São Paulo, 18,333,000 (metro. area), 10,927,985 (city proper); Rio de Janeiro, 11,469,000
(metro. area), 6,094,183 (city proper); Salvador, 2,590,400; Belo Horizonte, 2,347,500; Recife,
1,485,500; Porto Alegre, 1,372,700
Monetary unit: Real
National name: República Federativa do Brasil
Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
Ethnicity/race: white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes
Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000)
Religion: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 15%, Spiritualist 1%, none 7% (2000)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $2.025 trillion; per capita $10,200. Real growth rate: –
0.2%. Inflation: 4.2%. Unemployment:7.4%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: coffee, soybeans, wheat,
rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef. Labor force: 96.34 million; agriculture 20%, industry 14%,
services 66% (2006 est.). Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel,
aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron
ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower,
timber. Exports: $158.9 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear,
coffee, autos. Imports: $136 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery, electrical and transport equipment,
chemical products, oil. Major trading partners: U.S., Argentina, China, Netherlands, Germany, Mexico,
Nigeria, Japan (2005).
Transportation: Railways: total: 29,252 km (1598 km electrified) (2005). Highways: total: 1,751,868
km; paved: 96,353 km; unpaved: 1,655,515 km (2005). Waterways: 50,000 km (most in areas remote
from industry and population) (2005). Ports and harbors: Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San
Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria. Airports: 4,276 (2006 est.).
Brunei
Sultan: Haji Hassanal Bolkiah (1967)
Land area: 2,035 sq mi (5,271 sq km);total area: 2,228 sq mi (5,770 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 395,027 (growth rate: 1.7%); birth rate: 18/1000; infant mortality rate: 11.8/1000;
life expectancy: 75.9; density per sq km: 72
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bandar Seri Begawan, 78,000
Other large cities: Kuala Belait 27,800, Seria 23,400
Monetary unit: Brunei dollar
National Name: Negara Brunei Darussalam
Languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese
Ethnicity/race: Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
National Holiday: National Day, February 23
Religions: Islam (official religion) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $19.43 billion billion; per capita $50,100. Real growth
rate: –1.9%. Inflation: 2.7%. Unemployment: 3.7% (2008). Arable land: 1%. Agriculture: rice,
vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, eggs. Labor force: 146,300; note: includes foreign workers
and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force; agriculture, forestry, and
fishing 2.9%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 61.1%, government 36% (2003
est.). Industries: petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction. Natural
resources: petroleum, natural gas, timber. Exports: $10.67 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.): crude oil, natural
gas, refined products. Imports: $2.61 billion c.i.f. (2008 est.): machinery and transport equipment,
manufactured goods, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, Australia, U.S.,
Thailand, Indonesia, China, Singapore, Malaysia, UK (2004).
Transportation: Highways: total: 2,525 km; paved: 2,525 km; unpaved: 0 km (2000). Waterways: 209 km;

navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m (2004). Ports and harbors: Lumut, Muara, Seria. Airports: 2 (2004
est.).
Bulgaria
President: Georgi Purvanov (2002)
Prime Minister-elect: Boiko Borisov (2009)
Land area: 42,683 sq mi (110,549 sq km); total area: 42,823 sq mi (110,910 sq km )
Population (2010 est.): 7,148,785 (growth rate: –0.768%); birth rate: 9.43/1000; infant mortality
rate: 17.2/1000; life expectancy: 73.3; density per sq km: 65
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sofia, 1,088,700
Other large cities: Plovdiv, 338,200; Varna, 312,300; Burgas, 192,000; Ruse, 161,000
Monetary unit: Lev
Languages: Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4%

Ethnicity/race: Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other (including Macedonian,
Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) 2% (2001)
National Holiday: Liberation Day, March 3
Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 83%, Islam 12%, other Christian 1% (2001)

rate: –4.9%. Inflation: 1.9%. Unemployment: 9.1%. Arable
land: 40%. Agriculture: vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar
beets; livestock. Labor force: 3.34 million; agriculture 11%, industry 32.7%, services 56.3%
(3rd quarter 2004 est.). Industries: electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery
and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel. Natural
resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land. Exports: $16.2 billion f.o.b.
(2009 est.): hing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels. Imports: $23.27
billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics;
fuels, minerals, and raw materials. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, Turkey, Belgium,
Greece, U.S., France, Russia (2004).
Burina faso
President: Blaise Compaoré (1987)
Prime Minister: Tertius Zongo (2007)
Population (2010 est.): 16,241,811 (growth rate: 3.1%); birth rate: 43.9/1000; infant mortality
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Ouagadougou, 962,100
Languages: French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90%

Ethnicity/race: Mossi (over 40%), Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani
National Holiday: Republic Day, December 11
Religions: Islam 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%

rate: 3.3%. Inflation: 3.7%. Unemployment: 77% Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: cotton,
peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock. Labor force: 5 million; note:
a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal
employment (2003); agriculture 90%, industry and services 10% (2000 est.). Industries: cotton
lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold. Natural
resources: manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice,
salt. Exports: $648 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, livestock, gold. Imports: $1.076 billion
f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital goods, food products, petroleum. Major trading partners: China,
Singapore, Ghana, Bangladesh, France, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 622 km (2004). Highways: total: 15,272 km km; paved: 4,766

km; unpaved: 10,506 km (2004). Ports and harbors: none. Airports: 34 (2006 est.)
Burundi
President: Pierre Nkurunziza (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bujumbura, 331,700
Other large city: Gitega, 45,700
Monetary unit: Burundi franc
National name: Republika y'u Burundi
Languages: Kirundi and French (official), Swahili

Ethnicity/race: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%
Religions: Roman Catholic 62%, indigenous 23%, Islam 10%, Protestant 5%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $3.247 billion; per capita $300. Real growth

rate: 3.2%. Inflation: 14.1%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 35%. Agriculture: coffee,
cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides. Labor
force: 2.99 million (2002); agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002
est.). Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported
components; public works construction; food processing. Natural resources: nickel, uranium,
rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land,
hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone. Exports: $79 million f.o.b.
(2009 est.): coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides. Imports: $318 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): capital
goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Germany, Belgium, Pakistan,
U.S., Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, France, Italy, Uganda, Japan (2004)
Cambodia
King: Norodom Sihamoni (2004)
Prime Minister: Hun Sen (1998)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Phnom Penh, 1,169,800
Monetary unit: Riel
National Name: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea
Languages: Khmer 95% (official), French, English

Ethnicity/race: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Religions: Theravada Buddhist 95%, others 5%

rate: —0.9%. Inflation: 7.5%. Unemployment: 3.5% (2007 est.). Arable
land: 21%. Agriculture: rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca. Labor force: 7
million (2003 est.); agriculture 75% (2004 est.). Industries: tourism, garments, rice milling,
fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles. Natural resources: oil
and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower
potential. Exports: $4.13 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco,
footwear. Imports: $6.0 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum products, cigarettes, gold,
construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products. Major trading
partners: U.S., Germany, UK, Vietnam, Canada, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore,
Taiwan (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 602 km (2005). Highways: total: 38,257 km; paved: 2,406
km; unpaved: 35,851 km (2004). Waterways: 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River)
(2004). Ports and harbors: Phnom Penh. Airports: 20 (2006 est.).
cameroon
President: Paul Biya (1982)
Prime Minister: Ephraïm Inoni (2004)
Capital: Yaoundé, 1,395,200 (metro. area), 1,154,400 (city proper)

Largest city: Douala, 1,490,500 (metro. area), 1,274.300 (city proper)
National name: République du Cameroun
Languages: French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups

Ethnicity/race: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%,
Northwest Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
National Holiday: Republic Day (National Day), May 20
Religions: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Islam 20%

rate: —1.0%. Inflation: 2.5%. Unemployment: 30% (2001 est.). Arable
land: 13%. Agriculture: coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches;
livestock; timber. Labor force: 6.86 million; agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other
17%. Industries: petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing,
light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron
ore, timber, hydropower. Exports: $3.4 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): crude oil and petroleum
products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton. Imports: $3.73 billion f.o.b. (2009
est.): machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food. Major trading
partners: Spain, Italy, UK, France, U.S., South Korea, Netherlands, Nigeria, Belgium, China,
Germany (2004).
Canada
Governor-General: David Lloyd Johnston (since 2010)
Prime Minister: Stephen Harper (since 2006)
Capital (2004 est.): Ottawa, Ontario, 1,142,700 (metro. area)

Largest cities (metropolitan areas) (2004 est.): Toronto, 5,203,600; Montreal, 3,606,700;
Vancouver, 2,160,000; Calgary, 1,037,100; Edmonton, 1,101,600; Quebec, 710,700; Hamilton,
710,300; Winnipeg, 702,400; London, 459,700; Kitchener, 450,100
Monetary unit: Canadian dollar
Languages: English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5%

Ethnicity/race: British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, indigenous
Indian and Inuit 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%
National Holiday: Canada Day, July 1
Religions: Roman Catholic 43%, Protestant 23% (including United Church 10%, Anglican 7%,
Baptist 2%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, none 16% (2001)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.29 trillion; per capita $38,400. Real growth

rate: —2.5%. Inflation: 0.2%. Unemployment: 8.5%. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: wheat,
barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish. Labor
force: 16.3 million (Dec. 2005); agriculture 2%, manufacturing 14%, construction 5%, services
75%, other 3% (2004). Industries: transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and
unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and
natural gas. Natural resources: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash,
diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas,
hydropower. Exports: $298.5 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): motor vehicles and parts, industrial
machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp,
timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum. Imports: $305.2 billion f.o.b. (2009
Cape Verde
President: Pedro Pires (2001)
Prime Minister: José Maria Neves (2001)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Praia, 99,400
Other large city: Mindelo, 66,100
Monetary unit: Cape Verdean escudo
National name: República de Cabo Verde
Languages: Portuguese, Criuolo
Ethnicity/race: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Religion: Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the
Nazarene)

rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 4.0%. Unemployment: 21% (2000 est.). Arable
land: 10%. Agriculture: bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts;
fish. Labor force: n.a. Industries: food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments,
salt mining, ship repair. Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay,
gypsum. Exports: $97.0 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): fuel, shoes, garments, fish,
hides. Imports: $767.0 million f.o.b. (2009 est.): foodstuffs, industrial products, transport
equipment, fuels. Major trading partners: Portugal, France, U.S., UK, Netherlands, Spain,
Italy, Brazil (2004).
central african republic

President: Gen. François Bozizé (2003)
Prime Minister: Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bangui, 810,000 (metro. area), 669,800 (city proper)
National name: République Centrafricaine
Languages: French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages

Ethnicity/race: Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%,
Yakoma 4%, other 2%
National Holiday: Republic Day, December 1
Religions: indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant and Roman Catholic (both with animist influence)
25% each, Islam 15%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP $3.3 billion (2009 est.); per capita $700. Real growth

rate: 2.4%. Inflation: 0.9% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001
est.). Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet,
corn, bananas; timber. Labor force: n.a. Industries: gold and diamond mining, logging,
brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles. Natural
resources: diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower. Exports: $146.7 million f.o.b.
(2007 est.): diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco. Imports: $237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.):
food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals. Major trading partners: Belgium, Italy, Spain, U.S., France, Indonesia,
Chad
President: Idriss Déby (1990)
Prime Minister: Emmanuel Nadingar (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): N'Djamena, 609,600
National name: République du Tchad
Languages: French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects
Ethnicity/race: 200 distinct groups. North and center, mostly Muslim: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou,
Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa,
Boulala, and Maba. South, mostly Christian or animist: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye),
Moundang, Moussei, Massa
Religions: Islam 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%

rate: —1.0%. Inflation: 6.0%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton,
sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels. Labor
force: n.a.; agriculture 80%; industry and services 20% (subsistence farming, herding, and
fishing).Industries: oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate),
soap, cigarettes, construction materials. Natural resources: petroleum (unexploited but
exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and
gravel, salt. Exports: $3.16 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): cotton, cattle, gum arabic,
oil. Imports: $2.1 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and transportation equipment, industrial
chile
President: Sebastián Piñera (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santiago, 5,333,100 (metro. area), 4,372,800 (city proper)
Other large cities: Viña del Mar, 303,100; Valparaíso, 274,100; Talcahuano, 252,800; Temuco,
247,200; Concepción, 217,600
Monetary unit: Chilean Peso
National name: República de Chile
Language: Spanish
Ethnicity/race: white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, small Jewish population

rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 1.7%. Unemployment: 10%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: grapes,
apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans; beef, poultry, wool;
fish; timber. Labor force: 6.3 million; agriculture 13.6%, industry 23.4%, services 63%
(2003).Industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and
wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles. Natural resources: copper, timber, iron
ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower. Exports: $48.8 billion f.o.b. (2009
est.): copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine. Imports: $40.91 billion f.o.b.
(2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications
equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan,
China, South Korea, Netherlands, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Argentina (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 6,585 km (2005). Highways: total: 79,605 km; paved: 16,080
km; unpaved: 63,525 km (2001). Waterways: 725 km. Ports and harbors: Antofagasta, Arica,
China
President: Hu Jintao (2003)
Prime Minister: Wen Jiabao (2003)
Land area: 3,600,927 sq mi (9,326,411 sq km); total area: 3,705,407 sq mi (9,596,960 sq km)1
Population (2010 est.): 1,330,141,295 (growth rate: 0.5%); birth rate: 12.1/1000; infant
mortality rate: 16.5/1000; life expectancy: 74.5; density per sq mi: 142
Capital (2003 est.): Beijing, 10,849,000 (metro. area), 8,689,000 (city proper)
Largest cities: Shanghai, 12,665,000 (metro. area), 10,996,500 (city proper); Tianjin (Tientsin),
9,346,000 (metro. area), 4,333,900 (city proper); Wuhan, 3,959,700; Shenyang (Mukden),
3,574,100; Guangzhou, 3,473,800; Haerbin, 2,904,900; Xian, 2,642,100; Chungking
(Chongquing) 2,370,100; Chengdu, 2,011,000; Hong Kong (Xianggang), 1,361,200
Monetary unit: Yuan/Renminbi
National name: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
Languages: Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese),

Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
Ethnicity/race: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol,
Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
National Holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, October 1
Religions: Officially atheist; Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%–4%, Muslim 1%–2% (2002
est.)

rate: 8.7% (official data). Inflation: –0.8%. Unemployment: 4.3% official registered
unemployment in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural
areas. Arable land: 15%. Agriculture: rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley,
Colombia
President: Juan Manuel Santos (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santafé de Bogotá, 7,594,000 (metro. area), 7,185,889
(city proper)
Other large cities: Cali, 2,283,200; Medellín, 1,957,800; Barranquilla, 1,330,400; Cartagena,

901,500
Monetary unit: Colombian Peso
National name: República de Colombia
Language: Spanish
Ethnicity/race: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%,
Amerindian 1%
Religion: Roman Catholic 90%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $401 billion; per capita $9,200. Real growth

rate: –0.1%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 12%. Arable land: 2%. Agriculture: coffee, cut
flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest
products; shrimp. Labor force: 20.81 million (2006); agriculture 22.7%, industry 18.7%,
services 58.5% (2000 est.). Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear,
beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds. Natural resources: petroleum, natural
gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower. Exports: $31.3 billion (2009
est.): petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers. Imports: $31.67 billion (2009 est.):
industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products,
fuels, electricity. Major trading partners: U.S., Venezuela, Ecuador, China, Mexico, Brazil
(2004).
Comoros
President: Ahmed Abdallah Sambi (2006)
Total area: 838 sq mi (2,170 sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Moroni (on Grande Comoro), 60,200
Monetary unit: Franc
National Name: Union des Comores
Languages: Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend)

Ethnicity/race: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Religions: Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP: (2009 est.) $761 million; per capita $1,000. Real growth

rate: 1.0%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 20% (1996 est.). Arable
land: 36%. Agriculture: vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava
(tapioca). Labor force: 144,500 (1996 est.): agriculture 80%, industry and services
20%. Industries: tourism, perfume distillation.Natural resources: negl. Exports: $32 million
(2006 est.): vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves, copra. Imports: $143 million (2006
est.): rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport
equipment. Major trading partners: U.S., France, Singapore, Turkey, Germany, South Africa,
Kenya, UAE, Italy, Pakistan, Mauritius (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 880 km; paved: 673 km; unpaved: 207 km
(1999 est.). Ports and harbors: Mayotte, Moutsamoudou. Airports: 4 (2004 est.)
congo
President:Denis Sassou-Nguesso (1997)
Prime Minister:Isidore Mvouba (2005)
Land area:131,853 sq mi (341,499 sq km);total area:132,047 sq mi (342,000 sq km)
Population (2010 est.):4,125,916 (growth rate: 2.8%); birth rate: 41.0/1000; infant mortality
Capital and largest city (2003 est.):Brazzaville, 1,169,900
Other large city:Pointe-Noire, 544,200
Monetary unit:CFA Franc
National name:République du Congo
Current government officials

Languages:French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects
Ethnicity/race:Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%
National Holiday:Independence Day, August 15
Religions:Christian 50%, animist 48%, Islam 2%
Literacy rate:84% (2003 est.)
Economic summary:GDP/PPP(2009 est.): $16.41 billion; per capita $4,100.Real growth

rate:6.6%.Inflation:4%.Unemployment:n.a.Arable land:1%.Agriculture:cassava (tapioca),
sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products.Labor
force:n.a.Industries:petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap,
flour, cigarettes.Natural resources: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper,
phosphates, natural gas, hydropower.Exports:$7.54 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): petroleum,
lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds.Imports:$2.72 million (2009 est.): capital
equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs.Major trading partners:China, Taiwan, North
Korea, U.S., France, South Korea, Germany, Italy, Netherlands (2004).
Congo, democratic republic of the
President: Joseph Kabila (2001)
Prime Minister: Adolphe Muzito (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kinshasa, 6,541,300

Other large cities: Lubumbashi, 1,105,900; Mbuji-Mayi, 938,000; Kolwezi, 832,400; Kisangani,
523,000
Monetary unit: Congolese franc
National Name: Republique Democratique du Congo
Languages: French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba

Ethnicity/race: With over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; the four largest
tribes—Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic)—make up about
45% of the population
National Holiday: Independence Day, June 30
Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Islam 10%; other syncretic
and indigenous 10%

rate: 2.7%. Inflation: 16.7% (2007 est.). Unemployment: n.a. Arable
land: 3%. Agriculture: coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, quinine, cassava (tapioca), palm oil,
bananas, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products. Labor force: n.a. Industries: mining
(diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear,
cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair. Natural
resources: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver,
zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower,
timber. Exports: $6.1 billion (2007 est.): diamonds, copper, crude oil, coffee,
cobalt. Imports: $5.2 billion (2007 est.): foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport
Costa rica
Republic of Costa Rica
President: Laura Chinchilla (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): San José, 1,527,300 (metro. area), 337,200 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Colón
National name: República de Costa Rica

Languages: Spanish (official), English
Ethnicity/race: white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other
1%
Religion: Roman Catholic 76%, Evangelical 14%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other Protestant
1%, other 5%, none 3%

rate: –1.6%. Inflation: 8.3%. Unemployment: 6.4%. Arable land: 4%. Agriculture: coffee,
pineapples, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef; timber. Labor force: 1.82 million;
agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.). Industries: microprocessors, food
processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products. Natural
resource: hydropower. Exports: $8.1 billion (2009 est.): coffee, bananas, sugar, pineapples;
textiles, electronic components, medical equipment. Imports: $10.53 billion (2009 est.): raw
materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum. Major trading partners: U.S.,
Netherlands, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Brazil (2004).
Côte d'Ivoire
President: Laurent Gbagbo (2000)
Prime Minister: Charles Konan Banny (transitional) (2005)
Capital (2003 est.): Yamoussoukro (official), 185,600; Largest city and administrative

center: Abidjan, 4,113,600 (metro. area), 3,427,500 (city proper)
Languages: French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.)

Ethnicity/race: Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques (Gur) 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%,
Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
Religions: indigenous 25%–40%, Islam 35%–40%, Christian 20%–30% (2001)

rate: 3.8%. Inflation: 2.0%. Unemployment: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a
result of the civil war. Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm
kernels, corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber. Labor
force: 6.95 million. Industries: foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus
assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair. Natural
resources: petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper,
hydropower. Exports: $8.98 billion (2009 est.): cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton,
bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish. Imports: $6.5 billion (2009 est.): fuel, capital equipment,
foodstuffs. Major trading partners: France, Netherlands, U.S., Nigeria, Italy, Thailand (2004).
crotia
President: Ivo Josipovic (2010)
Prime Minister: Jadranka Kosor (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Zagreb, 685,500
Other large cities: Split, 173,600; Rijeka, 142,500; Osijek, 89,600
Monetary unit: Kuna
Languages: Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak,

German)
Ethnicity/race: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, Bosniak 0.5%, Hungarian 0.4%, Slovene 0.3%, Czech
0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Albanian 0.1%, Montenegrin 0.1%, others 4.1% (2001)
National Holiday: Independence Day, October 8
Religions: Roman Catholic 88%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 1%, other Christian less than 1%, none
5% (2001)

rate: –5.2%. Inflation: 2.4%. Unemployment: 16.1% official rate; labor force surveys indicate
unemployment around 14% (Dec. 2004 est.). Arable land: 26%. Agriculture: wheat, corn,
sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes;
livestock, dairy products. Labor force: 1.71 million; agriculture 2.7%, industry 32.8%, services
64.5% (2004). Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics,
pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials,
textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism. Natural
resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica,
clays, salt, hydropower. Exports: $10.6 billion (2009 est.): transport equipment, textiles,
chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels. Imports: $22.1 billion (2009 est.): machinery, transport.
Cuba
President: Raúl Castro (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Havana, 2,686,000 (metro. area), 2,343,700 (city proper)
Other large cities: Santiago de Cuba, 554,400; Camagüey, 354,400; Holguin, 319,300;

Guantánamo, 274,300; Santa Clara, 251,800
Monetary unit: Cuban Peso
Language: Spanish
Ethnicity/race: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
National Holiday: Triumph of the Revolution, December 10
Religions: predominantly Roman Catholic and Santería (Afro-Cuban syncretic religion)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $111.1 billion; per capita $9,700 . Real growth
rate: 1.4%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 1.6%. Arable land: 33%. Agriculture: sugar,
tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock. Labor force: 4.82 million; note: state
sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2006 est.); agriculture 20%, industry 19.4%, services 60.6%
(2006).Industries: sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural
machinery, pharmaceuticals. Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese,
salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land. Exports: $3.25 billion (2009 est.): sugar, nickel,
tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee. Imports: $10.86 billion (2009 est.): petroleum,
food, machinery and equipment, chemicals. Major trading partners: Netherlands, Canada,
China, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, U.S., Italy, Mexico (2004).
Cyprus
President: Dimitris Christofias (2008)
Land area: 3,568 sq mi (9,241 sq km); total area: 3,571 sq mi ()
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lefkosia (Nicosia) (in government-controlled area),
197,600
Monetary unit: Euro
Languages: Greek, Turkish (both official); English

Ethnicity/race: Greek 77%, Turkish 18% (each concentrated almost exclusively in separate
areas); other 5% (2001)
National Holiday: Independence Day, October 1
Religions: Greek Orthodox 78%, Islam 18%, Maronite, other (includes Maronite and Armenian
Apostolic) 4%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP: $22.97 billion (2009 est.): $4.54 billion; $7,135 per capita
(2007 est.). Real growth rate: –0.8%. Inflation: 0.9% (2009
est.). Unemployment: 4.8%. Arable land: 10.8%. Agriculture: citrus, vegetables, barley,
grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese. Labor force: Greek Cypriot area:
380,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 95,025 (2006 est.); Greek Cypriot area: agriculture 7.4%,
industry 38.2%, services 54.4%; Turkish Cypriot area: agriculture 14.5%, industry 29%, services
56.5% (2004 est.). Industries: tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum
production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper,
stone, and clay products. Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt,
marble, clay earth pigment. Exports: $1.13 billion (2009 est.). Imports: $6.6 billion (2007
est.). Major trading partners: UK, Greece, Germany, UAE, France, Italy, Japan, Israel,
Netherlands, China (2006).
Czech Republic
President: Václav Klaus (2003)
Prime Minister-designate: Jan Fischer (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Prague, 1,378,700 (metro. area), 1,169,800 (city proper)
Other large cities: Brno, 376,400; Ostrava, 317,700; Plzen, 164,900; Olomouc, 102,900
Monetary unit: Koruna
Language: Czech
Ethnicity/race: Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001)
National Holiday: Czech Founding Day, October 28
Religions: Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 2%, unaffiliated 59% (2001)

rate: –4.1%. Inflation: 1.1%. Unemployment: 9.3%. Arable land: 38.8%. Agriculture: wheat,
potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry. Labor force: 5.31 million; agriculture 4.1%,
industry 37.6%, services 58.3% (2003 est.). Industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment,
motor vehicles, glass, armaments. Natural resources: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay,
graphite, timber. Exports: $106.4 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 52%,
chemicals 5%, raw materials and fuel 9% (2003). Imports: $99.97 billion (2009 est.): machinery
and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003). Major
trading partners:Germany, Slovakia, Austria, Poland, UK, France, Italy, Netherlands, China,
Russia (2004).
Transportation: Railways: total: 9,597 km km (2006). Highways: total: 127,865 km; paved:

127,865 km (including 633 km of expressways); unpaved: 0 km (2006). Waterways: 664 km (on
Elbe, Vltava, and Oder rivers) (2004). Ports and harbors: Decin, Prague, Usti nad
Labem. Airports: 122 (2007).
Denmark
Sovereign: Queen Margrethe II (1972)
Prime Minister: Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001)
Land area: 16,359 sq mi (42,370 sq km); total area: 16,639 sq mi (43,094 sq km)1
rate: 4.3/1000; life expectancy: 78.4; density per sq mi: 129
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Copenhagen, 1,094,400
Other large cities: Århus, 220,700; Odense, 144,600; Ålborg, 120,600
Monetary unit: Krone
Languages: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant

second language
Ethnicity/race: Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
National Holiday: Constitution Day, June 5
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%
Literacy rate: 100%

rate: –4.3%. Inflation: 1.3%. Unemployment: 4.3%. Arable land: 54%. Agriculture: barley,
wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 2.9 million; agriculture
3%, industry 21%, services 76% (2004 est.). Industries: iron, steel, nonferrous metals,
chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing,
electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment,
windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas,
fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand. Exports: $91.9 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery
and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships,
windmills. Imports: $84.07 billion f.o.b. (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, raw materials
and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods. Major
trading partners: Germany, Sweden, UK, U.S., Netherlands, Norway, France, Italy, China
(2004).
Djibouti
President: Ismail Omar Guelleh (1999)
Prime Minister: Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001)
Population (2010 est.): 740,528 (growth rate: 2.1%); birth rate: 25.58/1000; infant mortality
Capital (1995 est.): Djibouti, 383,000
Monetary unit: Djibouti franc
Languages: French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar

Ethnicity/race: Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian)
Religions: Islam 94%, Christian 6%

rate: 6.4%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007
est.). Arable land: 0.04%. Agriculture: fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal
hides. Labor force: 282,000 (2000). Industries: construction, agricultural processing,
salt. Natural resources:geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt,
diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum. Exports: $340 million (2006 est.): reexports, hides and
skins, coffee (in transit). Imports: $1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006): foods, beverages, transport
equipment, chemicals, petroleum products. Major trading partners: Somalia, Yemen, Ethiopia,
Saudi Arabia, India, China (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti

railroad) (2006). Highways: total: 2,890 km; paved: 364 km; unpaved: 2,526 km (1999
est.). Waterways: none. Ports and harbors: Djibouti. Airports: 13 (2007).
Dominica
President: Nicholas Liverpool (2003)
Prime Minister: Roosevelt Skerrit (2004)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Roseau, 20,000
Monetary unit: East Caribbean dollar
Languages: English (official) and French patois

Ethnicity/race: black, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, Carib Amerindian
Religions: Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day
Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $743 million; per capita $10,200. Real growth

rate: 1.1%. Inflation: 2.7% (2007 est.). Unemployment: 23% (2000 est.). Arable
land: 7%. Labor force: 25,000 (1999 est); agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%,
services 28%. Agriculture: bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and
fishery potential not exploited. Industries: soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement
blocks, shoes. Natural resources: timber, hydropower, arable land. Exports: $74 million f.o.b.
(2004 est.): bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges. Imports: $234 million f.o.b.
(2004 est.): manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals. Major trading
partners: UK, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S.,
China, South Korea (2004).
Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 780 km; paved: 393 km; unpaved: 393 km
(1999 est.). Ports and harbors: Portsmouth, Roseau. Airports: 2 (2004 est.).
Dominican Republic
President: Leonel Fernández (2004)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Santo Domingo, 2,851,300 (metro. area), 2,252,400 (city
proper)
Other large city: Santiago de los Caballeros, 501,800
Monetary unit: Dominican Peso
Language: Spanish
Ethnicity/race: white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
National Holiday: Independence Day, February 27

rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 1.4%. Unemployment: 15.1%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: sugarcane,
coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy
products, beef, eggs. Labor force: 3.9 million (2007 est); services and government 58.7%,
industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.). Industries: tourism, sugar processing,
ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco. Natural resources: nickel, bauxite,
gold, silver. Exports: $5.37 billion (2009 est.): ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee,
cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods. Imports: $12.14 billion (2009 est.): foodstuffs,
petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Major trading
partners: U.S., UK, Belgium, Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico (2006).
unpaved: 6,376 km (1999). Ports and harbors: Boca Chica, Puerto Plata, Rio Haina, Santo
Domingo. Airports: 34 (2007).
Ecuador
President: Rafael Correa (2007)
Land area: 106,888 sq mi (276,840 sq km); total area: 109, 483 sq mi (283,560 sq km)
Capital (2003 est.): Quito 1,780,700 (metro. area), 1,443,900 (city proper)
Largest cities: Guayaquil, 2,597,600 (metro. area), 2,013,500 (city proper); Cuenca, 285,700
Monetary unit: U.S. dollar
Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages

Ethnicity/race: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and
others 7%, black 3%

rate: –1%. Inflation: 4.3%. Unemployment: 7.9% official rate Arable
land: 6%. Agriculture: bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains,
sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp. Labor
force: 4.6 million (urban) (2007 est.); agriculture 8%, industry 24%, services 68%
(2001). Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals. Natural
resources: petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower. Exports: $13.7 billion (2009 est.): petroleum,
bananas, cut flowers, shrimp. Imports: $14.0 billion (2009 est.): vehicles, medicinal products,
telecommunications equipment, electricity. Major trading partners: U.S., Peru, Italy, Colombia,
Brazil, Chile, Panama (2006).
Transportation: Railways: total: 966 km (2006). Highways: total: 43,197 km; paved: 8,164
km; unpaved: 35,033 km (2002). Waterways: 1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003). Ports and
harbors: Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar. Airports: 406 (2007).
East Timor
President: Jose Ramos-Horta (2007)
Prime Minister: Xanana Gusmão (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Dili, 50,800
National name: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e/Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste
Languages: Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous

languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak
Ethnicity/race: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Islam 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, animist
(1992 est.)

rate: 7.2%. Inflation: 1.4%. Unemployment: 20% estimated; note: unemployment in urban
areas reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.). Arable
land: 5%. Agriculture: coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage,
mangoes, bananas, vanilla. Labor force: n.a. Industries: printing, soap manufacturing,
handicrafts, woven cloth. Natural resources: gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese,
marble. Exports: $10 million; note: excludes oil (2005 est.): coffee, sandalwood, marble; note:
potential for oil and vanilla exports. Imports: $202 million (2004 est.): food, gasoline, kerosene,
machinery. Major trading partner: Indonesia (2004).
Egypt
President: vacant; former president Hosni Mubarak
ceded control to the military in Feb. 2011
Prime Minister: Essam Sharaf (2011)
Land area: 384,344 sq mi (995,451 sq km); total area: 386,662 sq mi (1,001,450 sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Cairo, 11,146,000 (metro. area), 7,629,866 (city proper)
Other large cities: Alexandria, 3,891,000; Giza, 2,597,600 (part of Cairo metro. area); Shubra
el Khema, 1,018,000 (part of Cairo metro. area); El Mahalla el Kubra, 462,300
Monetary unit: Egyptian pound
National name: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
Languages: Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

Ethnicity/race: Egyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek, Armenian, other
European (primarily Italian and French) 1%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 23
Religions: Islam (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, Christian 1%, other 6%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP $471.2 billion (2009 est.); per capita $6,000. Real growth

rate: 4.7%. Inflation: 10.1%. Unemployment: 9.7%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton,
rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats. Labor
force: 22.5 million (2007); agriculture 32%, industry 17%, services 51% (2001
est.). Industries: textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons,
construction, cement, metals, light manufactures. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas,
iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead,
zinc. Exports: $22.91 billion (2009 est.): crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles,
metal products, chemicals. Imports: $43.9 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment.
United Kingdom
Prime Minister: David Cameron (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): London, 7,615,000 (metro. area), 7,429,200 (city proper)
Other large cities: Glasgow, 1,099,400; Birmingham, 971,800; Liverpool, 461,900; Edinburgh,
460,000; Leeds, 417,000; Bristol, 406,500; Manchester, 390,700; Bradford, 288,400
Monetary unit: Pound sterling (£)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Languages: English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic

Ethnicity/race: English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%; Northern Irish 2.9%, black 2%,
Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001)
Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%,
Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001)

rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 2.1%. Unemployment: 8.0%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: cereals,
oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish. Labor force: 30.07 million; agriculture
1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004). Industries: machine tools, electric power
equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and
parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper
and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods. Natural
resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead,
silica, arable land. Exports:$351.3 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals;
food, beverages, tobacco. Imports: $473.6 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, machinery,
Estonia
President: Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006)
Prime Minister: Andrus Ansip (2005)
Land area: 16,684 sq mi (43,211 sq km); total area: sq mi (sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tallinn, 379,000
Other large city: Tartu, 100,100
Monetary unit: Kroon
National name: Eesti Vabariik
Languages: Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000)

Ethnicity/race: Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belorussian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%,
other 2.2% (2000)
National Holiday: Independence Day, February 24
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 14%, Russian Orthodox 13%, other Christian (including
Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1%, unaffiliated 34%, none
6% (2001)
Literacy: 100% (2003 est.)

rate: –14.1%. Inflation: –0.4%. Unemployment: 14.3%. Arable
land: 12.05%. Agriculture: potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish. Labor
force: 688,000; industry 20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999
est.). Industries: engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information
technology, telecommunications. Natural resources: oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay,
limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud. Exports: $9.23 billion (2009 est.):
Fiji
President: Ratu Epeli Nailatikau (2009)
Prime Minister: Frank Bainimarama (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Suva (on Viti Levu), 177,300
Monetary unit: Fiji dollar
Languages: English (official), Fijian, Hindustani

Ethnicity/race: Fijian 51%, Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese,
and other 5% (1998)
Religions: Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Islam 8%, other
2%
National Holiday: Independence Day, 2nd Monday of October

rate: –2.5%. Inflation: 4.8%. Unemployment: 7.6% (1999). Arable
land: 11%. Agriculture: sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes,
bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish. Labor force: 137,000 (1999); agriculture 70%,
industry and services 30% (2001 est.). Industries:tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver,
lumber, small cottage industries. Natural resources: timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil
potential, hydropower. Exports: $1.2 billion (2006): sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish,
molasses, coconut oil. Imports: $3.1 billion (2006): manufactured goods, machinery and
transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals. Major trading partners: U.S.,
Australia, UK, Samoa, Japan, China, Tonga, New Zealand (2006).
Finland
President: Tarja Halonen (2000)
Prime Minister: Matti Vanhanen (2003)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Helsinki, 1,162,900 (metro. area), 582,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Espoo, 229,500; Tampere, 201,200; Vantaa, 189,200; Turku, 178,100
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly markka)
National name: Suomen Tasavalta—Republiken Finland
Languages: Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-
speaking minorities
Ethnicity/race: Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Sami (Lapp) 0.1%, Roma 0.2%, Estonian 0.2%
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 84%, Greek Orthodox 1%, other Christian 1%, none 14%
National Holiday: Independence Day, December 6

rate: –7.6%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.5%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: barley,
wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish. Labor force: 2.68 million; agriculture and
forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business
services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%. Industries: metals and
metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper,
foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing. Natural resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc,
chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone. Exports: $57.8 billion (2009 est.): machinery and
equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999). Imports: $54.1 billion (2009 est.):
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel,
France
President: Nicolas Sarkozy (2007)
Prime Minister: François Fillon (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Paris, 9,854,000 (metro. area), 2,110,400 (city proper)
Other large cities: Marseille, 820,700; Lyon, 443,900; Toulouse, 411,800; Nice, 332,000;
Nantes, 282,300; Strasbourg, 272,600; Bordeaux, 217,000
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly French franc)
National name: République Française
Languages: French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian,

Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
Ethnicity/race: Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Southeast Asian, and
Basque minorities
Religions: Roman Catholic 83%–88%, Protestant 2%, Islam 5%–10%, Jewish 1%, unaffiliated
4%
National Holiday: Fete de la Federation, July 14

rate: –2.2%. Inflation: 0.1%. Unemployment: 9.7%. Arable land: 34%. Agriculture: wheat,
cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish. Labor force: 27.76
million; services 71.5%, industry 24.4%, agriculture 4.1% (1999). Industries: machinery,
chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing;
tourism. Natural resources: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash,
feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber, fish. Exports: $456.8 billion (2009 est.).
Gabon
President: Ali Bongo Ondimba (2009)
Premier: Paul Biyoghé Mba (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Libreville, 661,600

Other large cities: Port-Gentil, 116,200; Franceville, 41,300
National name: République Gabonaise
Languages: French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

Ethnicity/race: Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings: Fang, Punu, Nzeiby, Mbede
(Obamba/Bateke); other Africans and Europeans 10.8%, including 0.8% French and 0.8%
persons of dual nationality
Religions: Christian 55%–75%, animist, Islam less than 1%

rate: –1.0%. Inflation: 3%. Unemployment: 21% (2006 est.). Arable
land: 1%. Agriculture: cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical
softwood); fish. Labor force: 582,000 (2007); agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services
25%. Industries: petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair,
food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement. Natural resources: petroleum,
natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore,
hydropower. Exports: $5.86 billion (2009 est.): crude oil 77%, timber, manganese, uranium
(2001). Imports: $2.29 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals,
Germany
President: Christian Wulff (2010)
Chancellor: Angela Merkel (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Berlin (capital since Oct. 3, 1990), 3,933,300 (metro.
area), 3,274,500 (city proper)
Other large cities: Hamburg, 1,686,100; Munich, 1,185,400; Cologne, 965,300; Frankfurt,

648,000; Essen, 588,800; Dortmund, 587,600; Stuttgart, 581,100; Düsseldorf, 568,900;
Bremen, 527,900; Hanover, 516,300; Duisburg, 513,400
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Deutsche mark)
National name: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Language: German
Ethnicity/race: German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, Italian 0.7%, Greek 0.4%, Polish 0.4%, other
4.6%
Religions: Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Islam 4%, Unaffiliated or other 28%
National Holiday: Unity Day, October 3
Economic summary GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $2.81 trillion; per capita $34,100. Real growth

rate: –5.0%. Inflation: 0%. Unemployment: 8.2%. Arable land: 34%. Agriculture: potatoes,
wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry. Labor force: 43.63 million;
industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%, services 63.8% (1999). Industries: among the world's largest
and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals.
Greece
President: Karolos Papoulias (2005)
Prime Minister: George Papandreou (2009)
Capital (2003 est.): Athens, 3,247,000 (metro. area), 747,300 (city proper)
Other large cities: Thessaloníki, 361,200; Piraeus, 179,300; Patras, 167,000
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly drachma)
National name: Elliniki Dimokratia

Languages: Greek 99% (official), English, French
Ethnicity/race: Greek 98%, other 2%; note: the Greek government states there are no ethnic
divisions in Greece
Religions: Greek Orthodox 98%, Islam 1%, other 1%

corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products. Labor
force: 4.94 million; agriculture 12%, industry 20%, services 68% (2004
est.). Industries: tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products;
mining, petroleum. Natural resources: lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel,
magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential. Exports: $21.37 billion (2009 est.): food and
beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles. Imports: $64.2 billion
(2009 est.): machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals. Major trading
Guyana
President: Bharrat Jagdeo (1999)
Prime Minister: Samuel Hinds (1999)
Population (2010 est.): 748,486 (growth rate: –0.5%); birth rate: 17.6/1000; infant mortality
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Georgetown, 227,700
Monetary unit: Guyanese dollar
Languages: English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

Ethnicity/race: East Indian 50%; black 36%; Amerindian 7%; white, Chinese, and mixed 7%
Religions: Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Islam 10%, other 5%
National Holiday: Republic Day, February 23

rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 5.2%. Unemployment: 11% (2000) (understated). Arable
land: 2%. Labor force: 418,000 (2001 est.); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services
n.a. Agriculture: sugarcane, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish,
shrimp. Industries: bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining. Natural
resources: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish. Exports: $652 million
(2009 est.): sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber. Imports: $1.06
billion (2009 est.): manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food. Major trading partners: Canada,
U.S., Netherlands, UK, Portugal, Belgium, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba (2006
Haiti
President: René Préval (2006)
Prime Minister: Jean-Max Bellerive (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Port-au-Prince, 1,764,000 (metro. area), 1,119,000 (city
proper)
Monetary unit: Gourde
National name: République d'Haïti

Languages: Creole and French (both official)
Ethnicity/race: black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Religions: Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%,
other 1%), other 3%, none 1%. Note: roughly half the population practices Vaudou
National Holiday: Independence Day, January 1

rate: 2.0%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: widespread unemployment and
underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2009
est.). Arable land: 28%. Agriculture: coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum;
wood. Labor force: 3.6 million; note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995);
agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%. Industries: sugar refining, flour milling, textiles,
cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts. Natural resources: bauxite,
copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower. Exports: $524 million (2009 est.):
manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes. Imports: $2.0 billion (2009 est.): food,
Hungary
President: László Sólyom (2005)
Prime Minister: Viktor Orban (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Budapest, 2,597,000 (metro. area), 1,769,500 (city
proper)
Other large cities: Debrecen, 210,500; Miskolc, 182,600; Szeged, 173,200; Pécs, 163,900
Monetary unit: Forint
National name: Magyar Köztársaság
Languages: Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6%

Ethnicity/race: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001)
Religions: Roman Catholic 52%, Calvinist 16%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 3%, other
Christian 1%, unaffiliated 15% (2001)
National Holiday: Saint Stephen's Day, August 20

rate: –6.7%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 10.8%. Arable land: 50%. Agriculture: wheat,
corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products. Labor
force: 4.19 million; agriculture 5.5%, industry 33.3%, services 61.2%
(2003). Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles,
chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles. Natural resources: bauxite, coal,
natural gas, fertile soils, arable land. Exports: $83.3 billion (2009 est.): machinery and
equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and
electricity 1.6% (2003). Imports: $76.9 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment 51.6%,
other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0%)
Iceland
President: Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (2004)
Prime Minister: Johanna Sigurdardottir (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Reykjavik, 184,200 (metro. area), 114,800 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Icelandic króna
National name: Lydveldid Island
Languages: Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

Ethnicity/race: homogeneous mixture of Norse/Celtic descendants 94%, population of foreign
origin 6%
Religions: Lutheran Church of Iceland 85.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.1%, Roman Catholic
Church 2%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.5%, other Christian 2.7%, other or unspecified 3.8%,
unaffiliated 2.4% (2004)

rate: –6.6%. Inflation: 12%. Unemployment: 8.2%. Arable
land: 0.07%. Agriculture: potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, dairy products; fish. Labor
force: 180,000; agriculture, fishing and fish processing 5.1%, industry 23%, services 71.4%
(2005). Industries: fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal
power, tourism. Natural resources: fish, hydropower, geothermal power,
diatomite. Exports: $4.2 billion (2009 est.): fish and fish products 70%, aluminum, animal
products, ferrosilicon, diatomite. Imports: $2.82 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment,
petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles. Major trading partners: UK, Germany, Netherlands,
U.S., China, Spain, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, Japan (2008).
India
President: Pratibha Patil (2007)
Prime Minister: Manmohan Singh (2004)
Population (2010 est.): 1,173,108,018 (growth rate: 1.3%); birth rate: 21.3/1000; infant
mortality rate: 49.1/1000; life expectancy: 66.4; density per sq km: 386
Capital (2003 est.): New Delhi, 15,334,000 (metro. area), 9,817,439 (city proper)
Largest cities: Bombay (Mumbai), 18,336,000 (metro. area), 11,914,398 (city proper); Calcutta
(Kolkata), 14,299,000 (metro. area), 4,760,800 (city proper); Bangalore, 4,461,100; Madras
(Chennai), 4,382,100; Ahmedabad, 3,653,700; Hyderabad, 3,585,600; Kanpur, 2,631,800
Monetary unit: Rupee
National name: Bharat
Principal languages: Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi,

Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official);
Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects
Ethnicity/race: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Religions: Hindu 81%, Islam 13%, Christian 2%, Sikh 2% (2001)
National Holiday: Republic Day, January 26

rate: 6.5%. Inflation: 10.7%. Unemployment: 10.7%. Arable land: 49%. Agriculture: rice,
wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats,
poultry; fish. Labor force: 516.4 million; agriculture 60%, services 12%, industry 28%
(2003). Industries: textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment,
cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software. Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest
reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas,
diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land. Exports: $165 billion (2009 est.): textile goods,
gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures. Imports: $253.9 billion
Indonesia
President: Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Jakarta, 13,194,000 (metro. area), 8,389,443 (city proper)
Other large cities: Surabaya, 3,038,800; Bandung, 2,733,500; Medan, 2,204,300; Semarang,

1,267,100
Monetary unit: Rupiah
National name: Republik Indonesia
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other
languages and dialects
Ethnicity/race: Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other
26%
Religions: Islam 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1% (1998)

rate: 4.5%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 7.7%. Arable land: 11%. Agriculture: rice,
cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork,
eggs. Labor force: 108 million (2007 est.); agriculture 43.3%, industry 18%, services 38.7%
(2004 est.). Industries:petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement,
chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism. Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural
gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver. Exports: $115.6 billion (2009
est.): oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber. Imports: $86.6 billion (2009
est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Japan,
U.S., Singapore, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Malaysia (2006).
Iran
Chief of State: Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (1989)
President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tehran, 7,796,257 (city proper)
Other large cities: Mashad, 2,061,100; Isfahan, 1,378,600; Tabriz, 1,213,400
Monetary unit: Rial
National name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%,
Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Ethnicity/race: Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%,
Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Religions: Islam 98% (Shi'a 89%, Sunni 9%); Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%
National Holiday: Republic Day, April 1

rate: 2.6%. Inflation: 16.8%. Unemployment: 11.8%). Arable land: 9%. Agriculture: wheat,
rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar. Labor
force: 28.7 million; note: shortage of skilled labor; agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45%
(2006 est.).Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction
materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal
fabrication, armaments. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper,
iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur. Exports: $70.1 billion (2009 est.): petroleum 80%,
chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets. Imports: $57.1 billion (2009
Iraq
President: Jalal Talabani (2005)
Prime Minister: Nuri al-Maliki (2006)
Land area: 167,556 sq mi (433,970 sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Baghdad, 6,777,300 (metro. area), 5,772,000 (city proper)
Largest cities: Mosul, 1,791,600; Basra, 1,377,000; Irbil, 864,900; Kirkuk, 755,700
National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah
Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian

Ethnicity/race: Arab 75%–80%, Kurdish 15%–20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%
Religions: Islam 97% (Shiite 60%–65%, Sunni 32%–37%), Christian or other 3%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 17

rate: 4.3%. Inflation: 6.8%. Unemployment: 15.2%. Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: wheat,
barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry. Labor force: 7.4 million;
agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather,
construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing. Natural
resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur. Exports: $38 billion (2009): crude oil
(83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%). Imports: $55.4
billion (2009): food, medicine, manufactures. Major trading partners: U.S., Spain, Italy,
Canada, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (2006).
Italy
President: Giorgio Napolitano (2006)
Prime Minister: Silvio Berlusconi (2008)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Rome, 3,550,900 (metro. area), 2,455,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Milan, 1,180,700; Naples, 991,700; Turin, 856,000; Palermo, 651,500;
Genoa, 602,500; Bologna, 369,300; Florence, 351,600; Bari, 311,900; Catania, 305,900;
Venice, 265,700
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly lira)
National name: Repubblica Italiana
Languages: Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities

Ethnicity/race: Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the
north and Albanian- and Greek-Italians in the south)
Religions: Roman Catholic approx. 90%, Protestant, Jewish, Islamic
National Holiday: Republic Day, June 2

rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 0.6%. Unemployment: 7.5%. Arable land: 26%. Agriculture: fruits,
vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products;
fish. Labor force: 24.86 million; services 63%, industry 32%, agriculture 5%
(2001). Industries: tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles,
motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics. Natural resources: coal, mercury, zinc, potash,
marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorospar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil
reserves, fish, arable land. Exports: $369 billion (2009 est.).
Japan
Emperor: Akihito (1989)
Prime Minister: Naoto Kan (2010)
Population (2010 est.): 126,804,433 (growth rate: -0.24%); birth rate: 7.4/1000; infant mortality
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tokyo, 35,327,000 (metro. area), 8,483,050 (city proper)
Other large cities: Yokohama, 3,494,900 (part of Tokyo metro. area); Osaka, 11,286,000
(metro. area), 2,597,000 (city proper); Nagoya, 2,189,700; Sapporo, 1,848,000; Kobe,
1,529,900 (part of Osaka metro. area); Kyoto, 1,470,600 (part of Osaka metro. area); Fukuoka,
1,368,900; Kawasaki, 1,276,200 (part of Tokyo metro. area); Hiroshima, 1,132,700
Monetary unit: Yen
National name: Nippon
Language: Japanese
Ethnicity/race: Japanese 99%; Korean, Chinese, Brazillian, Filipino, other 1% (2004)
Religions: Shintoist and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
National Holiday: Birthday of Emperor Akihito, December 23

rate: –5.3%. Inflation: –1.3%. Unemployment: 5.6%. Arable land: 12%. Agriculture: rice,
sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish. Labor force: 66.07
million; agriculture 4.6%, industry 27.8%, services 67.7% (2004). Industries: among world's
largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment,
machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods. Natural
resources: negligible mineral resources, fish. Exports: $516.3 billion (2009 est.): transport
equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, electrical machinery, chemicals. Imports: $490.6
Jordan
Ruler: King Abdullah II (1999)
Prime Minister: Samir al-Rifai (2009)
Land area: 35,344 sq mi (91,541 sq km); total area: 35,637 sq mi (92,300 sq km) excludes

West Bank
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Amman, 2,677,500 (metro. area), 1,293,200
Other large cities: Zarka, 512,200; Irbid, 267,200; As-Salt, 200,400
Monetary unit: Jordanian dinar
National name: Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniya al-Hashimiyah
Languages: Arabic (official), English

Ethnicity/race: Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Religions: Islam (Sunni) 92%, Christian 6% (mostly Greek Orthodox), other 2%
National Holiday: Independence Day, May 25

rate: 3.1%. Inflation: 1.7%. Unemployment: 13.5% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately
30% (2007 est.). Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives;
sheep, goats, poultry. Labor force: 1.563 million; services 85.8%, industry 10.5%, agriculture
3.7% (2007 est.). Industries: textiles, phosphate mining, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, petroleum
refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing, tourism. Natural
resources: phosphates, potash, shale oil. Exports: $6.99 billion (2009 est.): clothing,
phosphates, fertilizers, potash, vegetables, manufactures, pharmaceuticals. Imports: $12.31
billion (2007 est.): crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured
goods. Major trading partners: U.S., Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, China, Germany (2004).
Kenya
President: Mwai Kibaki (2002)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nairobi, 3,064,800 (metro. area), 2,411,900 (city proper)
Other large city: Mombasa, 712,600
Monetary unit: Kenya shilling
National name: Jamhuri ya Kenya

Languages: English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages
Ethnicity/race: Kikuyu 22%; Luhya 14%; Luo 13%; Kalenjin 12%; Kamba 11%; Kisii 6%; Meru
6%; other African 15%; Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Religions: Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Islam 10%, others
2% (note: estimates vary widely)
National Holiday: Independence Day, December 12

rate: 2%. Inflation: 20.5%. Unemployment: 40% (2008 est.). Arable land:
8%. Agriculture: tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef,
pork, poultry, eggs. Labor force: 11.85 million; agriculture 75%, industry and services 25%
(2003 est.). Industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap,
cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial
ship repair, tourism. Natural resources: limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc,
diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower. Exports: $4.48 billion (2009 est.): tea, horticultural
products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement. Imports: $9.03 billion (2009 est.):
Korea, North
Head of State: Kim Jong II (1994)
Prime Minister: Kim Yong-Il (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003): Pyongyang, 3,222,000 (metro. area), 2,767,900
Monetary unit: won
National name: Choson Minjujuui Inmin Konghwaguk
Language: Korean
Ethnicity/race: racially homogeneous; small Chinese community, a few ethnic Japanese
Religions: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities almost nonexistent
National Holiday: Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, September 9
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $40 billion note: North Korea does not publish any
reliable National Income Accounts data; the datum shown here is derived from purchasing
power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a
study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2007 using estimated
real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator;
the result was rounded to the nearest $10 billion; per capita $1,900. Real growth
rate: 3.7%. Inflation: n.a. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 22.4% (2005). Agriculture: rice,
corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs. Labor force: 9.6 million; agricultural
36%, nonagricultural 64%. Industries:military products; machine building, electric power,
chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals),
metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism. Natural resources: coal, lead, tungsten, zinc,
graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower. Exports: $2.06
billion (2008 est.): minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments),
Kuwait
Emir: Sheik Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (2006)
Prime Minister: Sheik Nasser Muhammad al-Ahmad al-Sabah (2006)
Capital (2003 est.): Kuwait, 1,709,800 (metro. area), 32,600 (city proper)
Largest city: as-Salimiyah, 146,900
Monetary unit: Kuwaiti dinar (KD)
National name: Dawlat al-Kuwayt
Languages: Arabic (official), English

Ethnicity/race: Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%
Religions: Islam 85% (Sunni 70%, Shiite 30%); Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%
National Holiday: National Day, February 25
Literacy rate: 93.3% (2005 census)

rate: –1.7%. Inflation: 9.9%. Unemployment: 2.2% (2004 est.). Arable
land: 1%. Agriculture: practically no crops; fish. Labor force: 1.167 million; note: non-Kuwaitis
represent about 80% of the labor force; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services
n.a. Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, desalination, food
processing, construction materials. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural
gas. Exports: $49.77 billion (2009 est.): oil and refined products, fertilizers. Imports: $20.8
billion (2009 est.): food, construction materials, vehicles and parts,
Libya
Chief of State: Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi (1969)
Prime Minister: Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh (2000)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tripoli, 2,357,800 (metro. area), 1,269,700 (city proper)
Other large city: Benghazi, 734,900
Monetary unit: Libyan dinar
National name: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma
Languages: Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities

Ethnicity/race: Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks,
Indians, Tunisians
Religion: Islam (Sunni) 97%
National Holiday: Revolution Day, September 1

rate: 3.7%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 30% (2004 est.). Arable
land: 1%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans;
cattle. Labor force: 1.64 million; agriculture 17%, industry 23%, services 60% (2004
est.). Industries: petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts,
cement. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum. Exports: $33.97 billion (2009
est.): crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas. Imports: $26.82 billion (2009 est.):
machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products. Major trading
partners: Italy, Germany, Spain, Turkey, France, South Korea, UK, Tunisia (2004).
Liechtenstein
Ruler: Prince Hans Adam II (1989)
Head of Government: Klaus Tschütscher (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Vaduz, 5,300
Monetary unit: Swiss franc
National name: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect

Ethnicity/race: Alemannic 86%; Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Religions: Roman Catholic, 77%, Protestant, 7%; unknown, 11% (2002)
National Holiday: Assumption Day, August 15
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $4.16 billion; per capita $122,100 (2007). Real

growth rate: 3.1(2007)%. Inflation: 0.5% (2009). Unemployment: 1.5% (2007). Arable
land: 25%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products. Labor
force: 29,000 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each
day (2001); industry 47.4%, services 51.3%, agriculture 1.3% (2001). Industries: electronics,
metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision
instruments, tourism, optical instruments. Natural resources: hydroelectric potential, arable
land. Exports: $3.92 billion (2008): small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video,
parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment,
optical products. Imports: $2.59 billion (2008): agricultural products, raw materials, machinery,
Malaysia
Head of State: Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud (2006)
Prime Minister: Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kuala Lumpur, 3,688,200 (metro. area), 1,403,400
Other large cities: Kelang, 683,200; Johor Bharu, 682,100
Monetary unit: Ringgit
Languages: Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin,

Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several
indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia
Ethnicity/race: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8%
(2004 est.)
Religions: Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; Shamanism (East Malaysia)
National Holiday: Independence Day/Malaysia Day, August 31

rate: –2.2%. Inflation: 0.4%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: Peninsular
Malaysia—rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah—subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts,
rice; Sarawak—rubber, pepper, timber. Labor force: 10.67 million; agriculture 14.5%, industry
36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.). Industries: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber and oil-palm
processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and
smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah—logging, petroleum production; Sarawak—
agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging. Natural resources: tin,
Mexico
Next
President: Felipe Calderón (2006)
Land area: 742,485 sq mi (1,923,039 sq km); total area: 761,602 sq mi (1,972,550 sq

km)
Population (2010 est.): 112,468,855 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 19.4/1000; infant
mortality rate: 17.8/1000; life expectancy: 76.2; density per sq km: 57
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Mexico City, 19,013,000 (metro. area), 8,591,309
(city proper)
Other large cities: Ecatepec, 1,731,900 (part of Mexico City metro. area); Guadalajara,
1,665,800; Puebla, 1,345,500; Nezahualcóyotl, 1,250,700 (part of Mexico City metro.
area); Monterrey, 1,135,000
Monetary unit: Mexican peso
Languages: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages

Ethnicity/race: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly
Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $1.48 trillion; per capita $13,500. Real

growth rate: –6.5%. Inflation: 3.6%. Unemployment: 5.6% plus underemployment of
perhaps 25%. Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans,
cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products. Labor
force: 45.38 million; agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58%
(2003). Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel,
Micronesia
President: Emmanuel Mori (2007)
Total area: 271 sq mi (702 sq km). Land area, same (includes islands of Pohnpei, Yap, Chuuk,
and Kosrae)
Population (2010 est.): 107,154 (growth rate: –0.2); birth rate: 22.5/1000; infant mortality rate:
Capital (2003 est.): Palikir 11,600
Monetary unit: U.S. Dollar
Languages: English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian,

Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Ethnicity/race: nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%
National Holiday: Constitution Day, May 10
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2008 est.): $238.1 million; note: GDP is supplemented by

grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually; per capita $2,200 (2008 est.). Real growth
land: 6%. Agriculture: black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava
(tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish. Labor force: 37,410 (2000);
agriculture: 0.9%, industry: 34.4%, services: 64.7%; note: two-thirds are government employees
Myanmar
Head of State: Senior Gen. Than Shwe (1992)
Prime Minister: Lt. Gen. Thein Sein (2007)
Land area: 253,954 sq mi (657,741 sq km); total area: 261,969 q mi (678,500 sq km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Rangoon (Yangon), 4,344,100 Naypyidaw (administrative
capital)
Other large city: Mandalay, 1,147,400
Monetary unit: Kyat
Languages: Burmese, minority languages

Ethnicity/race: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian
2%, other 5%
Religions: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Islam 4%, Animist
1%, other 2%

rate: 1.8%. Inflation: 7.7%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 15%. Agriculture: rice, pulses,
beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane; hardwood; fish and fish products. Labor force: 27.75
million; agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001). Industries: agricultural processing;
knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction
materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement; natural gas. Natural resources: petroleum,
timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious
stones, natural gas, hydropower. Exports: $6.5 billion (2009); note: official export figures are
grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products
smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh: clothing, gas, wood products, p 492
(1997). Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998). Radios: 4.2 million
(1997). Television broadcast stations: 2 (1998). Televisions: 320,000 (2000).
Nepal
Prime Minister: Pushpa Kamal Dahal (2008)
President: Ram Baran Yadav (2008)
Prime Minister: Madhav Kumar Nepal (2009)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kathmandu, 1,203,100 (metro. area), 729,000 (city
proper)
Other large cities: Biratnagar, 174,600; Lalitpur, 169,100
Monetary unit: Nepalese rupee
Languages: Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others.
English spoken by many in government and business (2001)
Ethnicity/race: Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Chetri 15.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%,
Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001)
Religions: Hindu 81%, Buddhist 11%, Islam 4%, Kirant 4% (2001)

land: 16%. Agriculture: rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo
meat. Labor force: 11.11 million; note: severe lack of skilled labor (2004 est.); agriculture 76%,
industry 6%, services 18%. Industries:tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and
oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production. Natural resources: quartz, water,
timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron
ore. Exports: $907 million (2008 est.), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India:
carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain. Imports: $3.626 billion (2009 est.): gold,
Netherlands
Sovereign: Queen Beatrix (1980)
Prime Minister: Jan Peter Balkenende (2002)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Amsterdam (official), 737,900; The Hague (administrative
capital), 465,900
Other large cities: Rotterdam, 600,700; Utrecht, 263,900; Eindhoven, 206,900
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly guilder)
National name: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
Languages: Dutch, Frisian (both official)

Ethnicity/race: Dutch 83%, other 17% (9% of non-Western origin, mainly Turks, Moroccans,
Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)
Religions: Roman Catholic 31%, Dutch Reformed 13%, Calvinist 7%, Islam 6%, none 41%
(2002)
National Holiday: Queen's Day, April 30

rate: –3.9%. Inflation: 1.2%. Unemployment: 5%. Arable land: 22%. Agriculture: grains,
potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock. Labor force: 7.5 million; agriculture 2.2%,
industry 24%, services 73.8% (2007 est.). Industries: agroindustries, metal and engineering
products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction,
microelectronics, fishing. Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum.
New Zealand
Governor-General: Anand Satyanand (2006)
Prime Minister: John Key (2008)
Capital (2003 est.): Wellington, 342,500 (metro. area), 165,100 (city proper)

Largest cities: Auckland, 369,300 (metro. area), 359,500 (city proper); Christchurch, 334,100
Monetary unit: New Zealand dollar
Languages: English, Maori (both official)

Ethnicity/race: European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Pacific Islander 4.4%, Asian 5.7%, other 0.5%,
mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001)
Religions: Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 12%, Presbyterian 11%, Methodist 3%, Pentecostal
2%, Baptist 1%, other Christian 9%, none 26% (2001)
National Holiday: Waitangi Day, February 6

barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products;
fish. Labor force: 2.23 million: services 74%, industry 19%, agriculture 7%
(2006). Industries: food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery,
transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining. Natural resources: natural
gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone. Exports: $26.25 billion (2009
est.): dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery. Imports: $24.3 billion
(2009 est.): machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics.
Norway
Sovereign: King Harald V (1991)
Prime Minister: Jens Stoltenberg (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Oslo, 791,500

Other large cities: Bergen, 211,200; Stavanger, 168,600; Trondheim, 144,000
Monetary unit: Norwegian krone
National name: Kongeriket Norge
Languages: Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-
speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities)
Ethnicity/race: Norwegian, Sami 20,000
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%,
other Christian 2% (2004)
National Holiday: Constitution Day, May 17

rate: –1%. Inflation: 2.3%. Unemployment: 3.2%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: barley,
wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish. Labor force: 2.5 million; services 74%, industry
22%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4% (1995). Industries: petroleum and gas, food
processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles,
fishing. Natural resources: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead,
fish, timber, hydropower. Exports: $122 billion (2009 est.): petroleum and petroleum products,
machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish. Imports: $64.5 billion (2009 est.):
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: UK.
Oman
Sultan: Qabus ibn Sa'id (1970)
Total area: 82,031 sq mi (212,460 sq km)1
Capital (2003 est.): Muscat, 797,000 (metro. area), 54,800 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Omani rial
National name: Saltanat Uman

Languages: Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Ethnicity/race: Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
Religions: Islam: Ibadhi 75%, Sunni, Shi'a; Hindu
National Holiday: Birthday of Sultan Qaboos, November 18

land: 0.2%. Agriculture: dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish. Labor
force: 920,000 (2002 est.); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: crude oil
production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction,
cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber. Natural resources: petroleum, copper, asbestos,
some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas. Exports: $29.34 billion (2009 est.):
petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles. Imports: $18.41 billion (2009 est.): machinery and
transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants. Major trading
partners: China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, UAE, UK, Italy, Germany, U.S. (2004).
Pakistan
President: Asif Ali Zardari (2008)
Prime minister: Yousaf Raza Gilani (2008)
Capital (2003 est.): Islamabad, 601,600
Largest cities: Karachi, 11,819,000 (metro area), 9,339,023 (city proper); Lahore, 5,756,100;
Faisalabad (Lyallpur), 2,247,700; Rawalpindi, 1,598,600; Gujranwala, 1,384,100
Monetary unit: Pakistan rupee
Principal languages: Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a
Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others
8%
Ethnicity/race: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and
their descendants)
Religions: Islam 97% (Sunni 77%, Shiite 20%); Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
National Holiday: Republic Day, March 23
Economic summary GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $449.3 billion; per capita $2,600. Real growth

rate: 2.7%. Inflation: 14.2%. Unemployment: 15.2% plus substantial
underemployment. Arable land: 25%. Agriculture: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits,
vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs. Labor force: 46.84 million; note: extensive export of
labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor; agriculture 42%, industry 20%,
services 38% (2004 est.). Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing,
pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp. Natural
resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality
Philippines
President: Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Manila, 10,677,000 (metro. area), 1,581,082 (city proper)
Other large cities: Quezon City (2000 est.), 1,669,776 (part of Manila metro. area); Cebu
(2003 est.), 761,900
Monetary unit: Peso
National name: Republika ng Pilipinas
Languages: Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog,
Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Ethnicity/race: Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000)
Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, Evangelical 3%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2%, Aglipayan 2%, other
Christian 5%, Islam 5% (2000)

rate: 0.9%. Inflation: 3.2%. Unemployment: 7.5%. Arable
land: 19%. Agriculture: sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, cassavas, pineapples,
mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish. Labor force: 36.22 million; agriculture 35%, industry 15%,
services 50% (2007 est.). Industries: electronics assembly, garments, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining,
fishing. Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt,
copper. Exports: $37.2 billion (2009 est.): electronic equipment, machinery and transport
equipment, garments, optical instruments, coconut products, fruits and nuts, copper products,
chemicals.Imports: $45.8 billion (2009 est.): raw materials, machinery and equipment, fuels,
vehicles and vehicle parts, plastic, chemicals, grains. Major trading partners: Japan, U.S.,
Poland
President: Bronislaw Komorowski (2010)
Prime Minister: Donald Tusk (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Warsaw, 2,201,900 (metro. area), 1,607,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Lodz, 778,200; Krakow, 733,100; Wroclaw, 632,200; Poznan, 581,200;
Gdansk, 456,700; Szczecin, 415,700
Monetary unit: Zloty
National name: Rzeczpospolita Polska
Language: Polish 98% (2002)

Ethnicity/race: Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belorussian 0.1% Ukrainian 0.1%, other 2.7%
(2002)
Religions: Roman Catholic 90% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1%, Protestant and
other (2002)

rate: 1.7%. Inflation: 3.4%. Unemployment: 8.9%. Arable land: 40%. Agriculture: potatoes,
fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy. Labor force: 17.1 million; agriculture
16.1%, industry 29%, services 54.9% (2007). Industries: machine building, iron and steel, coal
mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles. Natural
resources: coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable
land. Exports: $134.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment 37.8%,
intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and
live animals 7.6% (2003). Imports: $141.7 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport
equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels,
Portugal
Portuguese Republic
President: Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006)
Prime Minister: José Sócrates (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lisbon, 2,618,100 (metro. area), 559,400
Other large city: Oporto, 264,200
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly escudo)
National name: República Portuguesa
Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Ethnicity/race: homogeneous Mediterranean stock; less than 100,000 citizens of black African
descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization; East Europeans have entered since
1990
Religions: Religion Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%,
none 3.9% (2001 census)
Literacy rate: 93% (2003 est.).

rate: –2.8%. Inflation: –0.9%. Unemployment: 9.2%. Arable land: 17%. Agriculture: grain,
potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, swine, poultry, dairy products;
fish. Labor force: 5.62 million (2007 est.); services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (2001
est.). Industries:textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking;
oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and
communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship
construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism. Natural resources: fish, forests (cork),
Qatar
Emir: Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani (1995)
Prime Minister: Sheik Hamad bin Jassem al Thani (2007)
Capital (2003 est.): Doha, 550,700 (metro. area), 318,500 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Qatari riyal
National name: Dawlat Qatar

Languages: Arabic (official); English a common second language
Ethnicity/race: Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Religion: Religion Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)
Literacy rate: 89% (2004 census)

rate: 9.5%. Inflation: –3.9%. Unemployment: 0.5%. Arable land: 1.64%. Agriculture: fruits,
vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish. Labor force: 638,000 (2007
est.). Industries: crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel
reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas,
fish. Exports: $37.43 billion (2009 est.): liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products,
fertilizers, steel. Imports: $20.87 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, food,
chemicals. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India, France, U.S., Saudi
Arabia, UAE, Germany, UK (2004).
Romania
President: Traian Basescu (2007)
Prime Minister: Calin Popescu-Tariceanu (2004)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Bucharest, 2,210,800 (metro. area), 1,906,800 (city
proper)
Other large cities: Iasi, 320,000; Cluj-Napoca, 316,400; Timisoara, 316,100; Constanta,

309,000; Craiova, 301,100, Galati, 297,100; Brasov, 282,500
Monetary unit: lei
Languages: Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%
Ethnicity/race: Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma (Gyspy) 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%,
German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002)
Religions: Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various
denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other
(mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)

rate: –7.2%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 7.6%. Arable land: 39%. Agriculture: wheat,
corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep. Labor force: 9.35
million (2007 est.); agriculture 31.6%, industry 30.7%, services 37.7%
(2004). Industries: textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber,
construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining. Natural
resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land,
hydropower. Exports: $38.1 billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear, metals and metal
products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural
Russia
President: Dmitry Medvedev (2008)
Prime Minister: Vladimir Putin (2008)
Land area: 6,592,812 sq mi (17,075,400 sq km); total area: 6,592,735 sq mi (17,075,200 sq

km)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Moscow, 10,672,000 (metro. area), 10,101,500 (city
proper)
Other large cities: St. Petersburg, 4,582,300; Novosibirsk, 1,395,500; Nizhny Novgorod,

1,340,900; Yekaterinburg, 1,256,600; Samara, 1,146,800; Kazan, 1,113,600; Ufa, 1,096,600;
Chelyabinsk, 1,080,000; Perm, 998,800; Volgograd, 984,200
Monetary unit: Russian ruble (RUR)
National name: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
Languages: Russian, many minority languages

Ethnicity/race: Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other
or unspecified 12.1% (2002)
Religions: Russian Orthodox 15%–20%, other Christian 2%, Islam 10%–15% (2006 est.;
includes practicing worshippers only)

rate: –7.9%. Inflation: 11.9%. Unemployment: 8.9%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: grain,
sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk. Labor force: 75.1 million;
Saudi Arabia
Sovereign: King Abdullah (2005)
Land area: 829,995 sq mi (2,149,690 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 29,207,277 (growth rate: 1.7%); birth rate: 28.2/1000; infant
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Riyadh, 3,724,100
Other large cities: Jeddah, 2,745,000; Makkah (Mecca), 1,614,800
Monetary unit: Riyal
National name: Al-Mamlaka al-'Arabiya as-Sa'udiya
Language: Arabic
Ethnicity/race: Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Religion: Islam 100%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $585.8 billion; per capita $20,400. Real

growth rate: 0.2%. Inflation: 5%. Unemployment: 11.6% male only (local bank
estimate; some estimates range as high as 25%) (2004 est.). Arable
land: 2%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens,
eggs, milk. Labor force: 6.76 million; note: more than 35% of the population in the 15–64
age group is non-national; agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999
est.). Industries: crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals;
ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics;
metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction. Natural
resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper. Exports: $180.5 billion (2009
est.): petroleum and petroleum products 90%. Imports: $86.61 billion (2009 est.):
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles. Major trading
partners: U.S., Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Germany, UK (2004).
South Africa
President: Jacob Zuma (2009)
Population (2010 est.): 49,109,107 (growth rate: –0.05%); birth rate: 19.6/1000; infant
Administrative capital (2003 est.): Pretoria, 1,541,300 (metro. area), 1,249,700 (city

proper); Legislative capital and largest city: Cape Town, 3,140,600 (metro. area),
2,733,000 (city proper). Judicial capital: Bloemfontein, 378,000. No decision has been
made to relocate the seat of government. South Africa is demarcated into nine provinces,
consisting of the Gauteng, Northern Province, Mpumalanga, North West, KwaZulu/Natal,
Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, and Free State. Each province has its own
capital
Other large cities: Durban/Pinetown, 2,396,100; Johannesburg, 1,675,200; East Rand,

1,378,792 (part of Johannesburg metro. area, 2000 est.)
Monetary unit: Rand
Languages: IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English

8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001)
Ethnicity/race: black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001)
Religions: Zion Christian 11%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8%, Catholic 7%, Methodist 7%,
Dutch Reformed 7%, Anglican 4%, other Christian 36%, Islam 2%, none 15% (2001)
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $495.1 billion; per capita $10,100. Real

growth rate: –1.8%. Inflation: 7.2%. Unemployment: 24%. Arable
land: 12%. Agriculture: corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry,
mutton, wool, dairy products. Labor force: 15.23 million economically active; agriculture
30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.). Industries:mining (world's largest
producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery,
textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair. Natural
resources: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates,
tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural
gas. Exports: $67.93 billion (2009 est.): gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and
minerals, machinery and equipment. Imports: $70.24 billion (2009 est.): machinery and
Swaziland
Ruler: King Mswati III (1986)
Prime Minister: Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996)
rate: 66.7/1000; life expectancy: 48; density per sq mi: 171
Capital (2003 est.): Mbabane, 69,000; Royal and legislative capital: Lobamba, circa 5,000
Largest city: Manzini, 75,000
Monetary unit: Lilangeni
Languages: English, siSwati (both official)

Ethnicity/race: African 97%, European 3%
Religions: Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%; Roman
Catholic 20%; Muslim 10%; Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish, and other 30%

rate: –0.4%. Inflation: 8.5%. Unemployment: 40%. Arable
land: 10%. Agriculture: sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum,
peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep. Labor force: 155,700 (2003). Industries: mining (coal, raw
asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel. Natural
resources: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond
deposits, quarry stone, talc. Exports: $1.57 billion (2009 est.): soft drink concentrates, sugar,
wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit. Imports: $1.643 billion (2009 est.):
motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products,
chemicals. Major trading partners: South Africa, EU, U.S., Mozambique, Japan, Singapore
(2004).
Sri Lanka
President: Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005)
Prime Minister: Ratnasiri Wickremanayaka (2005)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Colombo, 2,436,000 (metro. area), 656,100 (city
proper). Legislative and judicial capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 118,300
Other large cities: Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 214,300; Moratuwa, 181,000; Kandy, 112,400
Monetary unit: Sri Lanka rupee
Languages: Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is
commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
Ethnicity/race: Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil
3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001)
Religions: Buddhist 70%, Islam 8%, Hindu 7%, Christian 6% (2001)

rate: 3.5%. Inflation: 3.4%. Unemployment: 5.9%. Arable land: 14%. Agriculture: rice,
sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef;
fish. Labor force: 8.08 million; services 45%, agriculture 38%, industry 17% (1998
est.). Industries: processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural
commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum
refining. Natural resources: limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay,
hydropower. Exports: $7 billion (2009 est.): textiles and apparel, tea and spices; diamonds,
emeralds, rubies; coconut products, rubber manufactures, fish.Imports: $9.6 billion (2009 est.):
textile fabrics, mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and transportation
equipment. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, India, Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong, China,
Iran, Japan, Malaysia (2004).
Spain
Ruler: King Juan Carlos I (1975)
Prime Minister: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Madrid, 5,130,000 (metro. area), 3,169,400 (city proper)
Other large cities: Barcelona, 1,528,800; Valencia, 741,100; Seville, 679,100
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly peseta)
National name: Reino de España
Languages: Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque
2% (each official regionally)
Ethnicity/race: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Religions: Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%

rate: –3.6%. Inflation: –0.8%. Unemployment: 18.1%. Arable land: 27%. Agriculture: grain,
vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products;
fish. Labor force: 20.67 million; agriculture 5.3%, manufacturing, mining, and construction
30.1%, services 64.6% (2004 est.). Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food
and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine
tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical
equipment. Natural resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar,
gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land. Exports: $215.7
billion (2009 est.): machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other
consumer goods. Imports: $293.2 billion (2009 est.): machinery and equipment, fuels,
chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control
Switzerland
President: Doris Leuthard (2010)
Capital (2003 est.): Bern, 122,700
Largest cities: Zurich, 971,800 (metro. area), 348,100 (city proper); Geneva, 178,900; Basel,
162,800; Lausanne, 117,400
Monetary unit: Swiss franc
National name: Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera/Svizra
Languages: German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
Ethnicity/race: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 35%, Orthodox 2%, Muslim 4%, none 11% (2000)

rate: –1.5%. Inflation: 0.1%. Unemployment: 4.4%. Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: grains,
fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs. Labor force: 3.8 million; services 69%, industry 26%, agriculture
5% (1998). Industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments. Natural
resources: hydropower potential, timber, salt. Exports: $190.1 billion (2009 est.): machinery,
chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products. Imports: $177.2 billion (2009 est.):
machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles. Major trading
partners: Germany, U.S., France, Italy, UK, Spain, Netherlands, Austria (2004).
Taiwan
President: Ma Ying-jeou (2008)
Prime Minister: Wu Den-yih (2009)
rate: 5.3/1000; life expectancy: 78.1; density per sq mi: 1,860
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Taipei, 7,871,900 (metro. area), 2,722,600 (city proper)
Other large cities: Kaohsiung, 1,514,900; Tai Chung, 1,069,900; Tainan, 755,800; Keelung,
410,500
Monetary unit: Taiwan dollar
Republic of China
National name: Zhonghua Minguo
Languages: Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

Ethnicity/race: Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
Religions: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%

corn, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish. Labor force: 10.78 million; agriculture
5.3%, industry 36.8%, services 57.9%. Industries: electronics, petroleum refining, armaments,
chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer
products, pharmaceuticals. Natural resources: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone,
marble, asbestos. Exports: $203.7 billion (2009 est.): computer products and electrical
equipment, metals, textiles, plastics and rubber products, chemicals (2002). Imports: $174.7
billion (2009 est.): machinery and electrical equipment 44.5%, minerals, precision instruments
(2002). Major trading partners: China, U.S., Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea (2005).
Thailand
Ruler: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946)
Prime Minister: Abhisit Vejjajiva (2008)
Capital and largest city (2000): Bangkok, 6,320,174 (city proper)
Other large cities: Nonthanburi, 304,700; Chiang Mai, 175,500
Monetary unit: baht
Languages: Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional
dialects
Ethnicity/race: Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Religions: Buddhist 95%, Islam 5%, Christian 1% (2000)

cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans. Labor force: 36.9 million;
agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.). Industries: tourism, textiles and
garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as
jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics,
automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest
tin producer. Natural resources: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish,
gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land. Exports: $150.9 billion (2009 est.): textiles and footwear,
fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical
appliances. Imports: $131.5 billion (2009 est.): capital goods, intermediate goods and raw
materials, consumer goods, fuels. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan, China, Singapore,
Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan (2004).
Tunisia
President: Fouad Mebazaa (interim; 2011)
Prime Minister: Beji Caid-Essebsi (2011)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tunis, 1,660,300 (metro. area), 699,700 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Tunisian dinar
Tunisian Republic
National name: Al-Jumhuriyah at-Tunisiyah
Languages: Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)

Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Religions: Islam (Sunni) 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%

rate: 0.3%. Inflation: 3.7%. Unemployment: 14.7%. Arable land: 17%. Agriculture: olives,
olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products. Labor
force: 3.593 million; note: shortage of skilled labor; services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture
22% (1995 est.). Industries: petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism,
textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages. Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron
ore, lead, zinc, salt. Exports: $14.43 billion (2009 est.): textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates
and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons. Imports: $19.04 billion (2009 est.): textiles,
machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food. Major trading partners: France,
Italy, Germany, Spain (2004).
Turkey
President: Abdullah Gul (2007)
Prime Minister: Recep Tayyip Erdogan (2003)
Capital (2003 est.): Ankara, 3,582,000 (metro. area), 3,456,100 (city proper)
Largest cities: Istanbul, 9,760,000 (metro. area), 8,831,805 (city proper); Izmir, 2,398,200;
Bursa, 1,288,900; Adana, 1,219,900; Gaziantep, 979,500
Monetary unit: Turkish lira (YTL)
Republic of Turkey
National name: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian

Ethnicity/race: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
Religions: Islam (mostly Sunni) 99.8%, other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

rate: 5%. Inflation: 6.5%. Unemployment: 14.5% (plus underemployment of 4.0%). Arable
land: 30%. Agriculture: tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus;
livestock. Labor force: 23.53 million (2007); note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad;
agriculture 35.9%, industry 22.8%, services 41.2% (3rd quarter, 2004). Industries: textiles, food
processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum,
construction, lumber, paper. Natural resources: antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper,
borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower. Exports: $102.2 billion (2009 est.): apparel,
foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment. Imports: $140.8 billion (2009
est.): machinery, chemicals, semifinished goods, fuels, transport equipment. Major trading
partners: Germany, UK, U.S., Italy, France, Spain, Russia, China (2004).
Uganda
President: Yoweri Museveni (1986)
Prime Minister: Apolo Nsibambi (1999)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Kampala, 1,461,600 (metro. area), 1,244,000 (city proper)
Monetary unit: Ugandan new shilling
Republic of Uganda
Languages: English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan

languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ethnicity/race: Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%,
Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere
2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian,
Arab) 1%, other 8%
Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Islam 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%

rate: 6.6%. Inflation: 12.6%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 22%. Agriculture: coffee, tea,
cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat,
milk, poultry. Labor force: 14.02 (2007 est.) million; agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13%
(1999 est.). Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel
production. Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable
land. Exports: $3.151 billion (2009 est.): coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers,
horticultural products; gold. Imports: $4.106 billion (2009 est.): capital equipment, vehicles,
petroleum, medical supplies; cereals. Major trading partners: Kenya, Netherlands, Belgium,
France, Germany, Rwanda, U.S., UAE, South Africa, India, China, UK, Japan (2004).
United Arab Emirates

President: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan (2004)
Prime Minister: Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid al-Maktoum (2006)
Capital (2003 est.): Abu Dhabi, 539,800
Largest city: Dubai, 1,511,700 (metro. area), 906,100 (city proper)
Monetary unit: U.A.E. dirham
National name: Al-Imarat al-'Arabiyah al-Muttahidah

Languages: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
Ethnicity/race: Emiri 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates
(includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
Religions: Islam 96% (Sunni 80%, Shiite 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%

rate: –3.5%. Inflation: 1.5%. Unemployment: 2.4% (2001). Arable
land: 1%. Agriculture: dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products;
fish. Labor force: 3.065 million; note: 73.9% of the population in the 15–64 age group is
nonnational; services 78%, industry 15%, agriculture 7% (2000 est.). Industries: petroleum and
petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction
materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles. Natural resources: petroleum, natural
gas. Exports: $174 billion (2009 est.): crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish,
dates. Imports: $141 billion (2009 est.): machinery and transport equipment, chemicals,
food. Major trading partners: Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand, China, Germany, UK,
France, U.S. (2004).
United Kingdom
Prime Minister: David Cameron (2010)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): London, 7,615,000 (metro. area), 7,429,200 (city proper)
Other large cities: Glasgow, 1,099,400; Birmingham, 971,800; Liverpool, 461,900; Edinburgh,

460,000; Leeds, 417,000; Bristol, 406,500; Manchester, 390,700; Bradford, 288,400
Monetary unit: Pound sterling (£)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Languages: English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic

Ethnicity/race: English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%; Northern Irish 2.9%, black 2%,
Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001)
Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%,
Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001)

rate: –4.8%. Inflation: 2.1%. Unemployment: 8.0%. Arable land: 23%. Agriculture: cereals,
oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish. Labor force: 30.07 million; agriculture
1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004). Industries: machine tools, electric power
equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and
parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper
and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods. Natural
resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead,
silica, arable land. Exports:$351.3 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals;
food, beverages, tobacco. Imports: $473.6 billion (2009 est.): manufactured goods, machinery,
United States
President: Barack H. Obama (2009)
Vice President: Joseph Biden (2009)
Capital (2003 est.): Washington, DC, 570,898
Largest cities (2003 est.): New York, 18,498,000 (metro area), 8,085,742 (city proper); Los
Angeles, 12,146,000 (metro area), 3,819,951 (city proper); Chicago, 8,711,000 (metro area),
2,869,121 (city proper); Houston, 2,009,960; Philadelphia, 1,479,339; Phoenix, 1,388,416; San
Diego, 1,226,753; San Antonio, 1,214,725; Dallas, 1,208,318; Detroit, 911,402
Monetary unit: dollar
The United States of America

Languages: English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
Ethnicity/race: White: 211,460,626 (75.1%); Black: 34,658,190 (12.3%); Asian: 10,242,998
(3.6%); American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,475,956 (0.9%); Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander: 398,835 (0.1%); other race: 15,359,073 (5.5%); Hispanic origin:1 35,305,818
(12.5%)
Religions: Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, none
10% (2002)
rate: –2.4%. Inflation: –0.7%. Unemployment: 9.3%. Arable land: 18%. Agriculture: wheat,
corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest
products. Labor force: 153.1 million (includes unemployed); farming, forestry, and fishing 0.6%,
manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.6%, managerial, professional, and
technical 35.5%, sales and office 24.8%, other services 16.5%; note: figures exclude the
unemployed (2007). Industries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and
technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications,
chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining. Natural
resources: coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury,
nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber. Exports: $994.7 billion
(2009 est.): agricultural products 9.2% (soybeans, fruit, corn), industrial supplies 26.8% (organic
chemicals), capital goods 49.0% (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers,
telecommunications equipment), consumer goods 15.0% (automobiles, medicines)
(2003). Imports: $1.445 trillion (2009 est.): agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9%
(crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor
vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles,
clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003). Major trading partners: Canada, Mexico, Japan,
UK, China, Germany (2004).
Vietnam
President: Nguyen Minh Triet (2006)
Prime Minister: Nguyen Tan Dung (2006)
Capital (2003 est.): Hanoi, 2,543,700 (metro. area), 1,396,500 (city proper)
Largest cities: Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), 5,894,100 (metro. area), 3,415,300 (city proper);
Haiphong, 581,600; Da Nang, 452,700; Hué 271,900; Nha Trang, 270,100; Qui Nho'n, 199,700
Monetary unit: Dong
National name: Công Hòa Xa Hôi Chú Nghia Viêt Nam

Languages: Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some
French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Ethnicity/race: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%,
Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999)
Religions: Buddhist 9%, Catholic 7%, Hoa Hao 2%, Cao Dai 1%, Protestant, Islam, none 81%

rate: 5.3%. Inflation: 6.9%. Unemployment: 2.9%. Arable land: 20%. Agriculture: paddy
rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas;
poultry; fish, seafood. Labor force: 46.42 million; agriculture 55.6%, industry 18.9%, services
25.5% (July 2005). Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining,
coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper. Natural resources: phosphates,
coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests,
hydropower. Exports: $56.55 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber,
Western Sahara (proposed state)

Population (2010 est.): 491,519 (growth rate: 3.2); birth rate: 32.5; infant mortality rate: 62; life
expectancy: 60.7; density per sq mi: 4
Largest city (2003 est.): El Aaiun 198,200
Monetary unit: Tala
Languages: Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

Ethnicity/race: Arab, Berber
Religion: Islam
Economic summary: GDP/PPP: $900 million (2007 est.)/ Inflation: n.a. Arable

land: 0.02%. Agriculture: fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats
(kept by nomads); fish. Labor force: 12,000; animal husbandry and subsistence farming
50%. Industries: phosphate mining, handicrafts. Natural resources: phosphates, iron
ore. Exports: n.a.: phosphates 62%.Imports: n.a.: fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs. Major
trading partners: Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are
included in overall Moroccan accounts.
Yemen
President: Ali Abdullah Saleh (1990)
Prime Minister: Ali Muhammad Mujawar (2007)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sanaá, 1,778,900
Other large cities: Aden, 568,700; Hodiedah, 426,100; Tiaz, 317,600
Monetary unit: Rial
Republic of Yemen
National name: Al-Jumhuriyah al-Yamaniyah
Language: Arabic
Ethnicity/race: predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
Religions: Islam (including Sunni and Shiite), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu

land: 3%. Agriculture: grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products,
livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish. Labor force: 6.316 million; most people
are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce
account for less than one-fourth of the labor force. Industries: crude oil production and
petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing;
handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair. Natural
resources: petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, copper,
fertile soil in west. Exports: $5.55 billion (2009 est.): crude oil, coffee, dried and salted
fish. Imports: $7.1 billion (2009 est.): food and live animals, machinery and equipment,
Zambia
President: Rupiah Banda (2008)
Land area: 285,994 sq mi (740,724 sq km); total area: 290,586 sq mi (sq km)
rate: 99.9/1000; life expectancy: 38.8 density per sq mi: 40
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Lusaka, 1,773,300 (metro. area), 1,265,000 (city proper)
Other large cities: Ndola, 349,300; Kitwe, 306,200; Kabwe, 219,600, Chingola, 151,100
Monetary unit: Kwacha
Republic of Zambia

Languages: English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja,
Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
Ethnicity/race: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Religions: Christian 50%–75%, Islam and Hindu 24%–49%, indigenous beliefs 1%

land: 7%. Agriculture: corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers,
tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs,
hides. Labor force: 4.989 million; agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services
9%. Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals,
textiles, fertilizer, horticulture. Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds,
gold, silver, uranium, hydropower. Exports: $4.388 billion (2009 est.): copper/cobalt 64%,
cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton. Imports: $4.131 billion (2009 est.): machinery,
transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing. Major
trading partners: South Africa, UK, Switzerland, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Zimbabwe, UAE (2004).
Zimbabwe
President: Robert Mugabe (1980)
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Harare, 2,331,400 (metro. area), 1,919,700 (city proper)
Other large cities: Bulawayo, 965,000; Chitungwiza, 411,700
Monetary unit: Zimbabwean dollar
Republic of Zimbabwe
Languages: English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects

Ethnicity/race: African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white
less than 1%
Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous
beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

rate: –6.1%. Inflation: 10, 453% official data; private sector estimates are much higher
(yearend 2007 est.). Unemployment: 80%. Arable land: 8%. Agriculture: corn, cotton,
tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs. Labor force: 4.032 million
(2007); agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996). Industries: mining (coal, gold,
platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood
products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages. Natural
resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin,
platinum group metals. Exports: $1.766 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): cotton, tobacco, gold,
ferroalloys, textiles/clothing. Imports: $2.055 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): machinery and transport
equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels. Major trading partners: South Africa,
Switzerland, UK, China, Germany, Botswana (2004).

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Afghanistan

President: Hamid Karzai (2002)

Total area: 250,000 sq mi (647,500 sq km)

Capital and largest city : Kabul, 2,206,300

National name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan

Religion: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%

National Holiday: Independence Day, August 19

Literacy rate: 28.1% (2000 est.)

Transportation: Highways: total: 34,782 km; paved: 8,229 km; unpaved: 26,553 km

President: Bamir Topi (2007)

Prime Minister: Sali Berisha (2005)

Land area: 10,579 sq mi (27,400 sq km); total area: 11,100 sq mi (28,748 sq km)

Capital and largest city : Tirana, 353,400

Other large cities: Durres, 113,900; Elbasan, 97,000

National name: Republika e Shqiperise

Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Religions: Islam 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% (est.)

National Holiday: Independence Day, November 28

Literacy rate: 98.7% (2001 est.)

President: Abdel-Aziz Bouteflika (1999)

Prime Minister: Ahmed Ouyahia (2008)

Total area: 919,590 sq mi (2,381,741 sq km)

National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah

Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

Religion: Islam (Sunni) 99% (state religion), Christian and Jewish 1%

National Holiday: Revolution Day, November 1

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $239.6 billion; per capita $7,000. Real growth

Head of Government: Albert Pintat Santolària (2005)

Total area: 174 sq mi (451 sq km)

Capital and largest city : Andorra la Vella, 23,000

National name: Principat d'Andorra

Languages: Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Religion: Roman Catholic (predominant)

National Holiday: Our Lady of Meritxell Day, September 8

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2008): $4.22 billion; per capita $44,900. Real growth

International disputes: none.

President: José Eduardo dos Santos (1979)

Prime Minister: Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (2003)

Total area: 481,350 sq mi (1,246,699 sq km)

Capital and largest city : Luanda, 2,297,200

Monetary unit: New Kwanza

Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Religions: Indigenous 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Literacy rate: 67.4% (2001 est.)

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)

Governor-General: Louise Lake-Tack (2007)

Prime Minister: Baldwin Spencer (2004)

Total area: 170 sq mi (440 sq km)

Capital and largest city : St. John's, 23,500

Monetary unit: East Caribbean dollar

Languages: English (official), local dialects

Ethnicity/race: black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9%

Religions: Christian (predominantly Anglican and other Protestant; some Roman Catholic)

National Holiday: Independence Day (National Day), November 1

Literacy rate: 85.8% (2003 est.)

President: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007)

Land area: 1,056,636 sq mi (2,736,690 sq km); total area: 1,068,296 sq mi (2,766,890 sq km)

National name: República Argentina

Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Literacy rate: 97.2% (2001 est.)

Transportation: Railways: total: 31,902 km (2006). Highways: total: 229,144 km; paved: 68,809 km

President: Serzh Sarkisyan (2008)