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Early diagnosis Æ
specialized early intervention
Specialized intervention Æ
improved social, behavioral,
cognitive, & language functioning
Alleviate parental
uncertainty
Provide access to
resources & support
Delineate developmental
pathways & sequences
3 CORE FEATURES:
• Negative symptoms
- Absence of expected behaviors
relative to developmental/ cultural norms
- Social and communication symptoms
• Positive symptoms
- Presence of unusual behaviors
due to nature, intensity, interference with
family activities
- Restricted activities & interests
Early Symptoms of Autism
Behavioral symptoms
in the social and
communication
domains are the most
reliable early
indicators of autism
Early Symptoms of Autism
Behavioral symptoms
in the domain of
restricted and
repetitive interests are
not reliable indicators
of autism in very
young children
Challenges in Identifying
Social-Communicative Deficits
• Negative symptoms
• Behaviors are demonstrated
inconsistently, not totally absent
z Parents are good at scaffolding
Gestures
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Vocalizations
Communication
Red Flags
• Use of objects
• Use of body
• Use of senses
• Routines
Typical Play Activities
9 9
9 X
X 9
Research with Children
Under 24 Months
Research Approaches:
Retrospective
Parental reports
Analysis of early home videos
Record reviews
Screening
Prospective failures
Sample
Sibs-ASD Sibs-TD
(n=64) (n=42)
Sibs-ASD Sibs-TD
# Words
Understood* 118.3 (97.9) 157.2 (97.2)
# Phrases
Understood** 15.3 (8.7) 20.2 (6.1)
Social/Behavioral Results (1)
Sibs-ASD Sibs-TD
Sibs-ASD Sibs-TD
STAT Imitation*
(# passes) 2.3 (1.2) 2.7 (0.9)
* p < .05
Summary of Results
from Sibling Studies
Stage 1 Stage 2
(primary care) (referral)
Parental M-CHAT
PDDST-II PDDST-II
Report
ESAT
CHAT* STAT
Interactive
CHAT-23*
Screening
Referral
Evaluation
Specialized Intervention
Early Screening Process
CONCERNS
Stage 1 Screening
Referral Stage 2
Interactive
Screening
Evaluation
DELAY
Specialized Intervention
Screening is
important only if
something happens
next
Components of Effective
Early Intervention for Autism
• Parent involvement