Mac Integration Basics 106

Mac Integration
Basics 10.6
Adding a Mac to a Windows or other
Standards-based Environment
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Contents
5 Chapter 1:  Introduction
5 Overview
5 Prerequisite Knowledge
6 Chapter 2:  Integrating a Mac

6 Connecting to a Network Account Server
6 Overview
6 Configuring a Mac to Connect to a Network Account Server
11 Using Network Accounts
12 Summary
12 For Additional Information
12 Sharing Files Between Mac OS X and Windows Computers
12 Overview
12 Connecting to File Servers
15 Personal File Sharing
19 Summary
19 Email, Calendars, & Contacts
19 Overview
19 Email
22 Contacts
24 Calendars
27 Summary
28 Security
28 Overview
28 User Account Security
34 System Security
35 Network Security
41 Summary
3
42 Printing
42 Overview
42 Connecting to a USB Printer
45 Printing to a Network Printer
49 Working with PPD files
50 Summary
51 Instant Messaging
51 Overview
51 Configuring iChat
54 Other Instant Messaging Services
60 Summary
60 Data Management and Backup
60 Overview
60 Migrating Data from Windows to a Mac
61 Backing Up Data
65 Summary
66 Cross-platform Compatibility
66 Overview
66 Cross-platform Compatibility
67 Running Windows on a Mac
71 Summary
72 Chapter 3:  Additional Resources

72 Mac OS X Training & Certification
73 Books
74 Support
4 Contents
Introduction 1
Overview
This course is designed for individuals bringing a Mac computer into a small business
environment that is predominantly Windows-based. Windows Small Business Service
is most likely the server being used. The course is also for users replacing a Windows
computer with a Mac, and for reference by system administrators supporting the
above users.
During this course you’ll learn all the different ways you can integrate a Mac within
your organization’s network environment including how to configure your Mac
to work with Active Directory, and how to take advantage of network services, file
sharing, printing, instant messaging, emailing, calendars and contacts.
You’ll also learn about security at the user, local network, and remote networking
levels. You’ll learn about data management, both migrating your data from a Windows
computer as well as backing up your important data. Finally you’ll learn how to
run Windows programs directly on your Mac, giving you total compatibility and
interoperability with colleagues using Windows.
Prerequisite Knowledge
This material assumes you have a basic understanding of Mac OS X skills and
terminology. If you are new the Mac, you should review one of two online Apple
Support resources that provide an introduction to using the Mac:
Switch 101 Designed for a PC user who has just switched to the Mac and wants to
find out how to adapt old working habits to the Mac OS. Switch 101 is located online
at http://www.apple.com/support/switch101/.
Mac 101 Written for those that are new to computers or simply need a refresher
course on how to get the most out of a Mac. Mac 101 is located online at
http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/.
5
Integrating a Mac 2
Connecting to a Network Account Server
Overview
Microsoft Small Business Server and Windows Server use Active Directory to provide
accounts, authentication and shared services for network users. Open Directory is
another directory server implementation which enables the use of LDAP directory
services. Whatever directory service protocol your organization uses, Mac users
can effortlessly join existing networks and adhere to enterprise policies for strong
authentication and password-protected access to network resources. Adding a Mac to
a network with directory services is a simple process thanks to the network account
support built into Mac OS X Snow Leopard..
Configuring a Mac to Connect to a Network Account Server

To allow your Mac to use a network account, you must first configure it to connect to
a directory server. This configuration process is known as binding.
Binding is accomplished in the Accounts pane of System Preferences. You’ll need to

authenticate as an administrator user to initiate the process. In the next steps you'll
learn how to bind to an Active Directory server and an Open Directory/LDAP server.
To bind to an Active Directory server:

To bind a Mac to an Active Directory server, you'll need the following pieces of
information from the server administrator:
• The domain name, typically expressed in the format: example.com.
• An administrator user name.
• An administrator password.
Note: Your server administrator may also specify the ID your computer should use.
To bind a Mac to an Active Directory server, follow these steps:
6
1 Open System Preferences by either clicking the System Preferences icon in the Dock,
or choosing System Preferences from the Apple menu.
2 Click Accounts.
3 Click Login Options.
4 Click the Join button.
Chapter 2    Integrating a Mac 7

If you've previously joined a directory server, click the Edit button instead of the
Join button. In the dialog that appears, click the Add (+) button beneath the list of
previously joined servers.
5 Enter the Active Directory domain name provided by your server administrator.
The dialog window will expand to include the Active Directory settings.
6 Enter the Active Directory user name and password provided by your server
administrator.
8 Chapter 2    Integrating a Mac

7 Optionally edit the ID you want Active Directory to use for your server.
The Client Computer ID is preset to the name of the computer. (This is the same
name the Mac uses in the Sharing preferences.) You can change this to conform to
your organization’s established scheme for naming computers in the Active Directory
domain. If you’re not sure, consult the server administrator.
8 Click OK.
This creates a record for your Mac in the Active Directory domain.
To bind to an Open Directory/LDAP server:

When adding an Open Directory server, you must know the server name or IP address
and whether the server requires the secure sockets layer (SSL) protocol.
To add an LDAP server, follow these steps:

1 Open System Preferences and click Accounts.
2 If the Lock icon is locked, unlock it by clicking it and entering the name and password
of an administrator account.

4 Click the Join button.

If you've previously joined a directory server, click the Edit button instead of the
Join button. In the dialog that appears, click the Add (+) button beneath the list of
previously joined servers.
5 You can choose a server from the pop-up menu or manually enter the server’s domain
name (or IP address).

6 If your server administrator said SSL is required, select the “Require secure connection
(SSL)” checkbox.
7 Click Done to return to the Accounts pane.
You've bound your Mac to an LDAP server.
Using Network Accounts

Now that you’ve configured the Mac to connect to a directory server, you can log into
your Mac using your network user account.
Before you can log in, you’ll need to get a network account user name and password
from the server administrator. For Active Directory accounts, user name can be in one
of three formats:
• shortname
• shortname@domain.com
• DOMAIN\shortname
To log in using a network account:

1 If you're currently logged in on your Mac, log out by choosing Log Out from the
Apple menu.
Mac OS X will log out and a login window will list all of the local user accounts,
followed by “Other.”
2 Click Other and enter the network account user name and password as provided by
your server administrator.
3 Click the Log In button.
You're now logged into your Mac using the account you provided by the directory
server. Your Mac system is now fully integrated into the network.

Summary
In this section you've learned the steps for setting up a Mac to connect to a directory
server. Based on what you've learned in this section, you should be able to perform
these tasks:
• Obtain the information from the directory server administrator necessary to bind a
Mac to a directory server.
• Bind a Mac to a directory server.
• Log into a Mac with a network user account.
After completing these steps, your Mac can take advantage of user authentication
and network resources that are provided by your organization's directory server.
Mac OS X's built-in support makes this process simple and easy.
For Additional Information

The following resources provide more information about configuring Mac OS X to
connect to directory servers:
• “Managing Directory Clients Using Accounts Preferences” in Mac OS X Server:
Open Directory Administration at http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources/
documentation.html
• “Network Services” in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010
Sharing Files Between Mac OS X and Windows Computers

Overview
Organizations constantly share files and resources across networked computers.
Mac OS X Snow Leopard supports a wide variety of the most popular file server
protocols. In this section you'll learn first how to connect your Mac to file servers on
different networks. Then you'll learn how to configure Personal File sharing to allow
other network users to access files on your Mac.
Connecting to File Servers

You can connect to Mac and Windows computers that have file sharing turned on, as
well as file servers using the AFP, SMB/CIFS, NFS, WebDAV, and FTP protocols. To access
shared files stored on file servers on your network, you can either browse for the server
by name in a Finder window, or enter its IP address directly.
In some cases, you may also need to know the network area or workgroup the
server is located in. To connect directly to a file server, you'll also need the server's IP
address. You'll need to obtain an authorized user name and password from the server
administrator to access network file servers.

To browse for file servers:
To connect to a file server by browsing, follow these steps:
1 In the Finder, choose Go > “Connect to Server,” and then click Browse.
2 Search for the server’s name.

3 When you locate the desired shared computer or server, select it and click Connect As.
4 Choose to Connect as a Registered User and enter the user name and password you
were provided by the server administrator.

Note: To make it easier to connect to the server in the future, select “Remember this
password in my keychain” to add your user name and password for the computer to
your keychain. This adds the authorized user name and password for the file server
to your keychain on your Mac. Next time you want to connect to this file server, your
authorization information will be remembered, and you'll gain access automatically.
To connect directly to Windows file servers:

To connect directly to a file server by entering its network address, follow these steps:
1 In the Finder, choose Go > “Connect to Server.”
2 Type the network address for the computer or server in the Server Address field using
one of these formats:
smb://DNSname/sharename
smb://IPaddress/sharename
where DNSname is the domain name of the server, IPaddess is the server’s IP address,
and sharename is name of the shared volume to be mounted.
Note: SMB stands for the Server Message Block protocol used mainly by Windows
computers to provide shared network access. SMB is also known as the Common
Internet File System or CIFS.
If you have connected to the file server recently, you can also choose it from the
Recent Servers pop-up menu. To add a computer or server to your Favorite Servers list,
click the Add (+) button after entering the address. If you have added a server to the
Favorite Servers list, you can double-click the server’s address in the list.
3 Click Connect.

4 Choose to Connect as a Registered User and enter the user name and password you
were provided by the server administrator.
You've now configured your Mac to access files stored on network file servers. You
may also want to set up your Mac to allow other network users to access your files
with Personal File sharing. The next section will show you how to enable Personal File
sharing on your Mac.
Personal File Sharing

To allow other network users to connect to your Mac, you have to turn on file sharing
in System Preferences. You may want to create a special file sharing account on your
Mac, to maintain the security of your unshared files. You'll need to give these pieces of
information to the users who you want to authorize to share your files:
• The IP or Bonjour ((Mac’s auto network discovery feature) address of your Mac
• The user account name on your Mac for which you've turned on file sharing
• The user account password for the file sharing account on your Mac
Note: If you want to use a user account that existed before you installed the latest
version of Mac OS X, you may need to reset the password for the account in Accounts
preferences.
Before you set up sharing you should choose which folders to share with network
users and which permissions they'll have. By default, the Mac administrator account
has full read and write access while all others have only read access.

To choose which folders to share:
To set specific shared folders and user access, follow these steps:
1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Sharing.
2 Select File Sharing in the list.
3 Click the Add (+) button under Shared Folders to select folders you want other
network users to be able to access.
You may want to begin by sharing your Public folder.

4 Click the Add (+) button under Users to choose which users have specific privileges for
shared folders.
5 Next to each user to whom you've granted access, click the default Read Only privilege
to view other privilege options. You can change users' privileges to Write Only or
Read & Write.
6 Give authorized users your computer’s IP or Bonjour address and the user name
address and the user name and password they should use to share files with your
computer. Your computer’s Bonjour address is visible in the Sharing pane.

Now that you've granted access to users and configured your folder permissions, you
can enable file sharing over File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or SMB. Mac OS X uses to share
files with Windows users and FTP sharing for non-Windows users. In the following
section you'll learn how to enable SMB sharing on your Mac, then you'll learn how to
enable FTP sharing.
To enable Personal File sharing for Windows users:

To set up Windows file sharing, follow these steps:
2 Select File Sharing in the list, then click Options.
3 Select “Share files and folders using SMB.”
4 Select the checkbox next to the user account that will be used to share files with
Windows users, then enter the password for that user and click OK.
To help keep your computer secure, you may want to create a special account for
Windows users in Accounts preferences.
Note: Because the passwords of user accounts used for Windows sharing may be
stored in a less secure manner, turn off the account when it is not being used. Before
you turn off Windows sharing, turn off all the accounts you enabled. Otherwise the
passwords are still stored less securely.
5 Click Done.
You've now enabled access to your files for Windows users using the SMB protocol.
You may also want to share files with non-Windows computers. For those users you
can use your computer’s built-in FTP server to provide an alternate way for people to
access your computer.

To enable FTP access to your computer:
To turn on FTP access, follow these steps:
2 Select File Sharing in the list, then click Options.
3 Select the “Share files and folders using FTP” checkbox.
When FTP access is turned on, users with accounts on your Mac can access files and
folders on it using a web browser or FTP client software.

Note: When users log in or transfer files using FTP, these connections are not
encrypted, so they are less secure.
Congratulations, you've enabled Personal File sharing on your Mac for Windows and
non-Windows computers. Authorized network users can now access the files and
volumes you chose to share.
Summary
In this section you've learned the steps for sharing files to and from a Mac with
network file servers.
Based on what you've learned in this section, you should be able to perform
these tasks:
• Access shared files on a network using a Mac via browsing and direct connection.
• Set up folder and user permissions for Personal File sharing.
• Enable Personal File sharing over SMB and FTP on a Mac.
• Provide network users with a user name and password allowing them to access files
that are on your Mac.

The following resource provides more information about configuring Mac OS X to
connect to file servers and share files:
• “Network Services” in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010
Email, Calendars, & Contacts

Overview
Mac OS X has out-of-the-box support for email, contacts, and calendar using
standards-based servers including Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, POP, SMTP and
more. Mac OS X Snow Leopard lets you easily connect directly to shared services such
as email, calendar invitations, and Global Address Lists. You’ll use Mail, iCal, and Address
Book and take advantage of powerful Mac features including Spotlight, Quick Look,
data detectors, and more.
In this section, you'll learn how to configure the Mac OS X Mail application to send and
receive email via common server types. Then you'll learn how to configure Address
Book to access shared contacts. Finally, you'll learn how to configure iCal to access
shared calendar services.
Email
In this section you'll learn how to set up Mac OS X Mail to connect directly to an
Exchange server, then you'll learn how to connect to common non-Windows
mail servers.

Connecting to an Exchange 2007 Server
To connect a Mac to an Exchange server, you'll need the following pieces of
information from the server administrator:
• The fully qualified domain name for the organization's Client Access Server (CAS),
typically expressed in the format: exchange01.example.com.
• The Exchange user name, which is generated by the administrator for each
individual user.
• The Exchange password, which is also generated for each user.
Once you have the required information from the server administrator, you can
proceed to the next step and configure your Mac for use with Exchange. You can
accomplish this either via the Autodiscover service, if it’s been enabled, or manually.
To connect to an Exchange server with Autodiscover enabled:

The easiest way to set up Mail, Address Book, and iCal to access Exchange is the
Exchange Autodiscover service. If this feature is enabled, simply open the Add Account
pane in Mail and enter your Exchange email address and password.
Mail uses the Autodiscover service in Exchange to obtain the relevant information and
you can start using Exchange services immediately. If Autodiscover is not enabled on
the Exchange Server, use the following steps to manually configure your account.
To manually configure Mail for an Exchange account:

To manually configure Mail to connect to an Exchange 2007 server, follow these steps:
1 In Mail, choose Mail > Preferences, then click Accounts.
2 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner to add a new account.
3 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pop-up menu.

4 Enter a description for the account (for example, Work or Exchange).
5 Enter the fully qualified domain name for the organization's Exchange Client
Access Server.
6 Enter the Exchange user name and password provided by the server administrator.
7 Make sure the Address Book and iCal checkboxes are selected to automatically set
up those applications.
If you were not able to configure Address Book and iCal automatically during this
process, see the upcoming sections for additional manual configuration steps.
Note: To access an Exchange 2007 server with a Mac from outside the organization's
network, confirm with the server administrator that port 443 is open and Exchange
Web Services (EWS) is enabled.
You've now configured Mail for use with Exchange 2007. You can confirm this by
checking your email and sending email to a colleague from your newly enabled
Exchange account.
Email with POP and IMAP Servers

If your organization uses a non-Windows server to administer email services you
can also easily configure Mail for access. Common mail server protocols include, Post
Office Protocol (POP) and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) which allow client
computers to access messages on the mail server, and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) for sending messages. Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes the "Automatically
set up account" option. This option configures email settings for many popular email
service providers.
Note: If this option is not present, that means the email service provider you have
entered is not recognized. Make sure the domain (the part after the "@" symbol) is
spelled correctly. If the domain is spelled correctly, you will need to manually configure
the account in Mail.
To configure Mail to automatically connect:

To automatically configure Mac OS X Mail to connect to common email services, follow
these steps:
1 Open Mail.
2 If the "Welcome to Mail" assistant does not appear, choose Add Account from the File
menu.
3 Fill in the full name, email address, and password you should have received from your
email service provider.
4 Select "Automatically set up account."
5 Click "Create" to complete the process.

To manually configure Mail:
Before proceeding with manual email setup, you'll need to obtain your user name,
password, account type, security settings, and incoming and outgoing mail servers
from your email service provider.
To manually configure Mac OS X Mail to connect to common email services, follow

these steps:
1 Open Mail.
2 If the "Welcome to Mail" assistant does not appear, choose File > Add Account.
3 Fill in the full name, email address, and password from your email service provider.
4 Deselect "Automatically set up account" if it is enabled. Click Continue to proceed.
5 Choose the proper Account Type. This is the protocol the email service uses such as
IMAP, POP, etc.
6 Give the account a useful description.
7 Enter your Incoming Mail Server, User Name and Password. Click Continue to proceed.
8 If prompted, enter your Incoming Mail Security settings. Click Continue to proceed.
9 For Outgoing Mail Server, choose a useful description.
10 Enter the Outgoing Mail Server details.
11 If necessary, select "Use Authentication" and enter your user name and password. Click
Continue to proceed.
12 If prompted, enter your Outgoing Mail Security settings. Click Continue to proceed.
13 Verify your settings in the Account Summary. Check "Take account online."
14 Click "Create" to complete the process.
Congratulations, you've configured Mail for use with a variety of common mail server
protocols. You can confirm this by checking your email as well as sending a test email
to yourself or a colleague.
Contacts
Address Book contacts can be automatically set up for use with Exchange as part
of the Mail configuration steps described in the Email section, but you might need
to configure them manually. This may be necessary, for example, if you're not using
Mac OS X Mail with Exchange but you still want to synchronize your contacts with
Exchange.

To set up an Exchange account in Address Book:
To configure Address Book for use with Exchange 2007, follow these steps:
1 Open Address Book, go to Address Book > Preferences and then click the Accounts tab.
2 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner to add an account.
3 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pop-up menu and enter the Exchange
user name and password provided by the server administrator.
4 Click the Create button to create the account and return to the Accounts window.
You've configured Address Book for use with Exchange. Having access to your
pre-existing contacts can greatly increase your productivity and ease your transition
to the Mac. The next section explains how to configure iCal for use with shared
calendar services.

Calendars
iCal on your Mac includes the ability to view real-time availability of co-workers and
conference rooms in the Global Address List, and to autocomplete their names when
you invite them to meetings. You can also receive and act on meeting invitations in
email, and you can send invitations to people outside your organization using email.
In this section you'll learn how to set up an Exchange account in iCal. Then you'll learn
how to configure iCal for use with other calendar services including Google and Yahoo.
To set up an Exchange account in iCal:

iCal can be automatically set up for use with Exchange 2007 as part of the Mail
configuration steps described in the Email section, but you might need to do
this manually.
1 Open iCal.
2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click Accounts.
3 To add a new account, click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner.

4 Choose Exchange 2007 from the Account Type pull down menu and enter the
Exchange user name and password provided by the server administrator.
To configure iCal for Google Calendar:

To use iCal with Google Calendar, you'll first need to sign up for a free Google account.
After you've established a Google account and created a calendar, confirm that sharing
is enabled in the online calendar settings before proceeding to the following steps.
To configure iCal for use with Google Calendar, follow these steps:
1 Open iCal.
2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click Accounts.

3 To add a new account, click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner.
4 Choose Google for the account type and enter the email address and password you
use to access your Google account.
5 Click the Create button to create the account and return to the Accounts window.
6 Click the Delegation tab and select any desired additional calendars from your
Google account.
To configure iCal for Yahoo! Calendar:

To use iCal with Yahoo Calendar, you'll first need to sign up for a free Yahoo! account.
After you've established a Yahoo! account and created a calendar, confirm that sharing
is enabled in the online calendar settings before proceeding to the following steps.
To configure iCal for use with Yahoo! Calendar, follow these steps:
1 Open iCal.
2 Choose iCal > Preferences and click the Accounts tab.
3 Click the Add (+) button in the lower-left corner.

4 Choose Yahoo! for the account type and enter the email address and password you
use to access Yahoo! Calendar.
Congratulations, you've configured iCal for use with a variety of standards-based

calendar services. Test out the configuration by selecting Calendar > Refresh All, which
which initiates a download of the latest versions of all your shared calendars.
Summary
In this section you learned how to configure a Mac to access server-based mail,
calendar, and address book services. Based on what you've learned in this section,
you should be able to perform the following tasks:
• Configure the Mac OS X Mail application to send and receive email using various
types of mail servers.
• Configure the Address Book application to access shared contacts on an
Exchange 2007 server.
• Configure the iCal application to access shared calendar services including
Exchange, Google Calendar and Yahoo.

The following resource provides more information about configuring Mac OS X to
connect to a network server to access mail, calendar, and address book services:
• Additional information about setting up Yahoo email accounts,
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3376.

Security
Overview
Mac OS X Snow Leopard offers strong, easy to use tools for all key aspects of network
and computer security. Strong security is important to maintain at every level
including protecting your user data, protecting the Mac system as a whole, and
network security. Security is a complex topic and this is not a comprehensive guide, so
please consult the additional resources at the end of the section for more information.
In this section you’ll secure your user data by choosing a strong password, configuring
your Mac's home folder permissions, and enabling File Vault. Next you’ll protect your
Mac system by setting a firmware password and enabling antivirus software. Finally,
you'll enable network security by configuring the Mac OS X firewall and VPN access
services.
User Account Security

Choosing a Password
It’s important for everyone to create strong passwords in a corporate work
environment. A weak password can be compromised and allowing access to your
Mac, your files, your personal email account as well as sensitive company data. The
password you choose is very important for your computer’s security, as it will be
used to install software, set up accounts, access the keychain utility, and log onto
your computer.
The most secure passwords are created from a combination of random uppercase
letters, lowercase letters, special characters (such as $@!#) and numbers. For example,
L1quid$m0ke is a good password because it’s a long, easily remembered, uncommon
phrase with letters replaced by special characters and numbers.
Snow Leopard includes Password Assistant, an application that analyzes the

complexity of a password or generates a complex password for you. You can specify
the length and type of password you’d like to generate.
You can choose from the following methods for setting a password:
Manual You enter a password, and then Password Assistant reports the robustness
of that password to you on a Quality bar. If the password is weak, Password Assistant
offers tips for increasing the quality of the password.
Memorable You adjust the password's Length setting, and then Password Assistant
generates a list of memorable passwords in the Suggestion menu.
Letters & Numbers You adjust the password's Length setting, and then Password
Assistant generates a list of passwords with a combination of letters and numbers.
Numbers Only You adjust the password's Length setting, and then Password Assistant
generates a list of passwords containing only numbers.

Random You adjust the password's Length setting, and then Password Assistant
generates a list of passwords containing random characters.
FIPS-181 compliant You adjust the password's Length, and then Password Assistant
generates a password that is FIPS-181 compliant (which includes mixed upper and
lowercase, punctuation, and numbers). For example, you can create a randomly-
generated password or a FIPS-181 compliant password that is 12 characters long.
To use Password Assistant while changing a password:

To use Password Assistant, follow these steps:
1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Accounts, and then click the Change
Password button.
2 Open the Password Assistant by clicking the key button to the right of the New
Password field.
3 From the Type pop-up menu, choose Memorable, Manual, or the type of password that
most closely aligns with your company’s security standards.
You can also choose the number of characters you’d like for an automatically generated
password by moving the Length slider to the left or right" to the end of the sentence.
4 Click the the Change Password button.
By setting a strong password you've protected your personal data from

unauthorized access.

Locking the Computer Screen
If you want to stay logged in to your computer while you are away from it, but need
to prevent others from using it, you can lock the screen. When you return to the
computer, type your login name and password to continue working.
To require authentication to wake your computer:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Security, and then click General.
2 Select “Require password... after sleep or screen saver begins.”
You can adjust the length of the delay before a password is required in the
pop-up menu.
People with administrator accounts can use their names and passwords to unlock
the screen.
Locking the screen doesn’t prevent other users from turning off the computer and
restarting it, and then logging in to their own account. If you think this could happen,
be sure to save your work before you leave your computer.
To lock your screen quickly when fast user switching enabled, choose Login Window
from the menu with your user name. Your applications will remain open and
undisturbed, but your computer will be locked.
Disabling Automatic Login

If your computer starts up without displaying the login window, it’s set up to log in to
a specified user account automatically. When a computer is shared by multiple users,
it is best to set up a unique account for each user and disable automatic login. Using
separate accounts protects each user's information and makes the computer more
secure.

Important: Because automatic login allows anyone to access your Mac simply by
restarting it, disable automatic login to keep your computer secure. If automatic login
is enabled, make sure the computer does not automatically log in to an account with
administrator privileges.
To turn off automatic login:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Accounts.
2 Click the lock icon to unlock it, and then type an administrator name and password.
4 Choose Off from the “Automatic login” pop-up menu.
The next time you start up your computer, the login window will appear and a user
name and password will be required to log in.
FileVault
FileVault stores your home folder in an encrypted disk image. Encryption scrambles
the data in your home folder so that unauthorized users, applications, or utilities can’t
access your data without your password or the master password.
In this section, you’ll configure FileVault during which you’ll set a master password, a
password used to reset the login password of any account. To configure FileVault, you
must be logged into an administrator account.
Before you begin, make sure you have enough free space on the hard disk that
contains your home folder. You need as least as much free space as your home folder
currently occupies. For example, if your home folder uses 20 MB, make sure you
have at least 20 MB of available space. This space is needed temporarily during the
encryption process.
To set up FileVault:
To configure FileVault for enhanced security, follow these steps:
1 Log in with the account you want to protect using FileVault.
Note: FileVault can encrypt the home folder for standard and administrator accounts.

2 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Security.
3 Open the FileVault pane of Security preferences.
4 If the Security preferences pane is locked, click the lock icon, and then authenticate as
an administrator.

5 If the Security preferences pane shows that a master password hasn’t been set, click
Set Master Password, and then type a password in the Master Password field.
The master password is used to reset the login password of any account, even if the
account is protected by FileVault.
6 Type the password again in the Verify box.
7 Type a hint in the Hint box to help you remember the password.
WARNING: Don’t forget your master password. If you turn on FileVault and then
forget both your login password and your master password, you won’t be able to log
in to your account, and your files and settings will be lost forever.
8 Click OK.
9 Click “Turn On FileVault.”

You’ve set up FileVault and secured the contents of your home folder. With FileVault's
encryption and a strong master password, your home folder data will be useless to
unauthorized users even if they've gained physical access to your computer and
hard drive.
System Security
Security goes beyond settings passwords and encrypting data. Mac OS X supports
additional methods to secure the system itself. Setting a firmware password helps
prevent circumvention of the OS-level security through an unauthorized boot device.
Antivirus protection helps insure that any viruses that might come from other
operating systems on the network won't threaten your data.
Firmware Password
You can configure a firmware password to enable low-level hardware protection for
your Mac. A firmware password helps prevent unauthorized users from booting your
Mac from an external hard disk, optical disc, or USB key drive. In order to complete
this process you’ll need the Snow Leopard Install DVD.
To set a firmware password:

To set a firmware password, follow these steps:
1 Log in with an administrator account and open the Firmware Password Utility
(located on the Mac OS X installation disc in /Applications/Utilities/).
2 Click the "Require password to change Open Firmware settings" checkbox.
3 Enter a password in the Password and Verify fields.
4 Click OK. A confirmation appears.
5 Click the lock icon to prevent further changes.
You can test your settings by attempting to start up in single-user mode. Restart
the Mac while holding down the Command and S keys. If the Mac displays the
login window after starting up, changes made by the Firmware Password Utility
were successful.
To reset a firmware password:

To reset a lost or forgotten Firmware Password, access to the inside of the Mac is required
(just like resetting a PC BIOS password requires removing the on-board battery).
To reset a firmware password, follow these steps::

1 Shut down the Mac.
2 Change the memory configuration by adding or removing RAM.
3 Start up the Mac.

This will clear the firmware password.
4 Shut the Mac down again.
5 Return the RAM to its original configuration.
6 Start up the Mac.
Note: For information on recovering a lost firmware password on a MacBook Air (Late

2010), refer to http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3554.
Antivirus Protection
With virtually no effort on your part, Mac OS X offers a multilayered system of defenses
against viruses and other malicious applications, or malware. For example, it prevents
hackers from harming your programs through a technique called “sandboxing” —
restricting what actions programs can perform on your Mac, what files they can access,
and what other programs they can launch. Other automatic security features include
Library Randomization, which prevents malicious commands from finding their
targets, and Execute Disable, which protects the memory in your Mac from attacks.
Viruses are uncommon in Mac OS X, but it's good policy to remain vigilant, especially
when exchanging files with computers using other operating systems. Regular use of
commercial antivirus software such as Norton Antivirus or Intego VirusBarrier can help
prevent forwarding of viruses.
Network Security
In addition to user account and system security, network security is also very
important to organizations. The Mac OS X firewall protects your Mac from
unauthorized incoming access from other systems on both a local network and the
Internet. The virtual private networking (VPN) service provides a secure method for
your computer to remotely access networks.
Mac OS X Firewall
The Mac OS X personal firewall can be used to block unwanted incoming connections
to your computer. A firewall protects the services on your computer from other
computers on the network or Internet. Services that were turned on in Sharing
preferences already appear in the list of services to which other computers can
connect. To prevent incoming connections from one of these services, you must turn
off the service in Sharing preferences.
To enable the Mac OS X firewall:

To enable the Mac OS X firewall, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Security.
2 Click the Firewall tab.

3 Click the lock in the lower-left corner and enter the administrator user name
and password.
4 Click Start to enable the firewall.
To configure advanced firewall options:

To enable advanced firewall options, follow these steps while in the Firewall tab:
1 Click Advanced.

2 You'll have 3 advanced firewall options you can choose:
• Select the "Block all incoming connections" checkbox to allow incoming
connections for basic Internet functions only. You’ll still be able to check email and
browse the web but this mode will prevent all sharing services, such as File Sharing
and Screen Sharing found in the Sharing pane of System Preferences, from receiving
incoming connections. To use these services, disable this option.
• Select the ”Automatically allow signed software to receive incoming connections”
checkbox to allow applications that are already signed by a valid certificate
authority to be automatically added to the list of allowed applications, rather than
prompting you to authorize them. For example, since iTunes is already signed by
Apple, it will automatically be allowed to receive incoming connections through
the firewall.
• Select the "Enable stealth mode" checkbox to prevent unauthorized or unexpected
incoming probes from receiving a response from your Mac. Your computer will
still answer requests coming in for authorized applications, but other unexpected
requests, such as network pings from other computers attempting to discover your
Mac, will not get a response.
3 Click OK when you’re done making changes to the advanced settings.
You’ve configured your Mac’s built-in firewall service and increased the security of
incoming network connections.
Virtual Private Network

Virtual private network (VPN) access enables you to take advantage of network
services while you are offsite, and simultaneously prevents access by unauthorized
individuals. Mac OS X supports standards-based L2TP over IPSec, PPTP, and Cisco iPSec
protocols to provide encrypted VPN connections with a built-in VPN client. In order to
connect to a VPN, you’ll need to obtain the VPN server address, VPN type, VPN account
name, and user authentication information from the network administrator.

To set up a VPN connection:
To configure a VPN connection, follow these steps:
1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Network.
2 Click the Add (+) button at the bottom of the network connection services list, and
then choose VPN from the Interface pop-up menu.
3 Choose what kind of VPN connection you want to set up from the VPN Type pop-up
menu and give the VPN service a name.

4 Enter the server address and the account name for the VPN connection.
5 Click Authentication Settings, and enter the user authentication information.

6 Click OK, and then click Connect.
7 Select “Show VPN status in menu bar” to use the VPN status icon to connect to the
network and switch between VPN services.
You’ve configured your Mac to access a VPN, enabling you to connect remotely to your
organization's network while maintaining enhanced security.
Summary
In this section you’ve learned the steps for securing a Mac at the user data, system and
network levels. Based on what you've learned in this section, you should be able to
perform the following tasks:
• Enable User Account security for your Mac using strong passwords.
• Configure FileVault and set a master password to prevent unauthorized access to
the data within your home folder.
• Set the Mac's firmware password for low-level system protection.
• Configure the Mac OS X firewall to restrict incoming network access to services and
data by other computers.
• Configure a Mac to securely access a remote network using the VPN service.

The following resources provide more information about Mac security:
• Setting up firmware password protection in Mac OS X,
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1352
• “User Accounts” in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010
• “Virtual Private Networks,” Mac OS X Security and Mobility v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010
• Mac OS X Security Guide for Mac OS X Version 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple Inc., 2010
at http://www.apple.com/support/security/guides/
Printing
Overview
Mac OS X Snow Leopard enables you to quickly connect and share local printers
as well as use remote printers on the network. Mac computers can share printing
resources with Windows computers with relative ease, making it much easier to ensure
that printers can be accessed by multiple platforms.
In this section you'll learn how to configure your Mac to print to a locally connected
printer. Then you'll learn how to share the printer with Windows and other network
users. Finally, you'll learn how to set up your Mac to connect to network printers using
a variety of common printer protocols as well as how to optimize network printers.
Connecting to a USB Printer

By default, Mac OS X Snow Leopard installs software supporting the printers currently
connected to your Mac, nearby printers on your network, and popular printer
and scanner models. To print to a locally connected printer, you'll first confirm it’s
connected to your computer, and then add it to your list of available printers. For most
USB printers, the printer is added to the list automatically when you connect it.
To add a USB printer to your list of printers:

To print to a USB printer, first make sure it’s connected to your computer, and then add
it to your list of available printers. For most USB printers, the printer is added to the list
automatically when you connect it.
1 Follow the instructions that came with the printer to set it up and connect it to your
computer.
2 Open a document to print, and then choose File > Print.
3 Open the Printer pop-up menu and choose your printer.


4 If you don’t see your printer, choose Add Printer, and then click the More Printers
button.
If you don’t see the More Printers button, contact your printer’s manufacturer for more
information.
5 Choose your printer’s type from the pop-up menu.
For example, if you’re using an Epson USB printer, you may be able to choose Epson
USB.
6 In the Printer Name column, select the printer, and then click Add.
To share your printer with Windows users using SMB:

You can share your USB printer with networked Windows users over the same SMB/
CIFS protocol you use to share files.
To share a printer connected to your Mac, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Sharing.
2 Select the Printer Sharing checkbox.

3 Select the printers you want to share.

4 Select the File Sharing checkbox.
5 If you don’t want to share a folder, select it in the Shared Folders list, and then press
the Delete (-) button below the list.
You can delete all the folders if you only want to share your printer.
6 Click Options.
7 Select “Share files and folders using SMB.”
8 Select the name of the account that will share the printer, and then enter the
password for that account.
9 Click the Done button and close the Sharing window.
You've shared your local printer with Windows and other users.

To print to your printer using SMB/CIFS, a user must be logged in to an administrator
account on a Windows computer, and then configure an SMB/CIFS network printer
to use the PostScript printer driver, even if the printer isn’t a PostScript printer. Your
Mac will translate the PostScript data into data that is compatible with the printer. The
Windows user should see the Windows documentation for information about adding a
network printer.
Printing to a Network Printer

In addition to connecting to local printers, Mac OS X can easily connect to a variety
of popular network printers. Many network printers offer built-in support for Bonjour
(Mac’s auto network discovery feature), enabling you to automatically add a network
printer using the same steps you used for adding a local printer in the previous section.
To add an IP printer to your list of printers, you need to know the IP address or DNS
name of your network printer. You can also enter other helpful information about the
printer, such as its location and queue name. In this section you'll first learn how to
connect to a shared network printer. Then you'll learn how to work with PostScript
Printer Description (PPD) files to get the most out of shared network printer features.
To connect to a network printer with LPR:

In mixed operating system organizations, Line Printer Remote (LPR) is one of the most
common network printer protocols. You can use Print & Fax preferences to add an LPR
printer to a computer’s printer list. Make sure you have the printer's IP address or DNS
name before proceeding.
To connect to an IP printer with LPR, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Print & Fax.

2 Click the Add (+) button to add a new printer.
3 Click the IP tab and choose "Line Printer Daemon - LPD" from the Protocol
pop-up menu.

4 Enter the printer's host name or IP address in the Address field.
5 Enter the printer's name.
Optionally, you can enter where the printer is located in the Location field.
6 Click the Add button.
7 Open any document and select File > Print.
You should see your new printer listed in the Printer pop-up menu.

To print to a printer shared by a Windows computer:
You can also print to a printer connected to a Windows computer if it supports SMB/
CIFS. The printer’s owner must set it up to be shared and use only the following
characters in the name of the printer and computer: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, !, $, *, (, ), _, +, -, ‘,
and . (period). If required, be sure to obtain the printer's user name and password
before proceeding.
To connect to a Windows printer with SMB/CIFS, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Print & Fax.
2 Click the Add (+) button to add a new printer.

3 Click the Windows tab.

4 Select the printer from the browser.
5 If prompted, enter the user name and password for the printer.
6 Enter the printer's name and location.
7 Click the Add button.
8 Open any document and select File > Print.
You should see the shared Windows printer listed in the Printer pop-up menu.
Working with PPD files

A PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file contains specialized information about a
specific printer model. You need the PPD file to take advantage of a printer’s special
features and capabilities. Without the correct PPD file, you can’t do things such as
choose from multiple paper trays, use special paper sizes, or print on both sides of the
page. Mac OS X comes with PPD files already installed for most popular printers.
When you add a printer, Mac OS X chooses a PPD file for the printer automatically. You
can change the PPD file to one that you believe better describes your printer. You can
use a PPD that came with Mac OS X or download a PPD from the Internet.
To choose a PPD file:

To change the PPD file for a printer you’ve already added, follow these steps:
1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Print & Fax.

2 Select the printer from the list at the left, click Options & Supplies, and then
click Driver.
3 From the Print Using pop-up menu, choose one of the following:
• To choose a PPD file that you downloaded, choose “ Other.”
• To choose a PPD file that came with Mac OS X, choose “Select Printer Software.”
4 Choose the PPD file and click OK or Open
5 Make sure the options under the Print Using pop-up menu match your printer’s
features, and then click OK.
Summary
In this section you've learned the different ways you can use a Mac with local and
network printers. Mac OS X includes full support for most popular printers. You can
usually add a USB printer just by connecting it to your Mac. Connecting to shared
network printers, including Windows printers is also simple and intuitive. Windows
users can print to a USB printer shared over a network by a Mac using Mac OS X's
built-in printer sharing capabilities. Based on what you've learned in this section, you
should be able to perform the following tasks:
• Configure a Mac to print to a USB printer.
• Share a local printer with network and Windows users.
• Configure a Mac to print to a network or Windows printer.
• Configure a PPD file for use with a network printer.

The following resources provide more information about printing documents with a
Mac:
• “Peripherals and Printing” in Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010
• Enterprise Printing with Mac OS X at http://images.apple.com/business/solutions/it/docs/
L418078A-US_Enterprise_Printing_with_Mac_OS_X_Technical_White_Paper-1.pdf
• Print Server Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple Inc., 2010 at
http://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Print_Server_Admin_v10.6.pdf

Instant Messaging
Overview
Organizations use instant messaging to to keep local and remote team members
and leaders in contact with each other. iChat is the Mac OS X instant text messaging
application which includes support for MobileMe, .Mac, AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk
accounts. Your instant message appears in a window on your colleague’s screen almost
as soon as you send it, so your colleague can respond right away. You can use iChat to
send files to people across the Internet or on your local network. You can also set up
audio and video chats to keep in touch with colleagues around the world.
iChat supports the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) protocol
(also known as Jabber), enabling it to communicate directly with a variety of popular
messaging services. It also supports Bonjour for automatically discovering fellow iChat
users on your organization's network. iChat supports the high quality H.264/AVC codec
for video chats.
In this section you'll learn how to set up a Mac for instant messaging with iChat and
MobileMe. Then you'll learn how to use iChat with other popular instant messaging
services like AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk.
Configuring iChat
The MobileMe service enables you to exchange instant messages using iChat with
other MobileMe and .Mac users. You'll also be able to communicate with users of
America Online Instant Messenger (AIM).
To set up iChat:
To set up iChat for instant messaging with MobileMe, follow these steps:
1 Open iChat from the Dock or the Applications folder

2 Choose iChat > Preferences and then click Accounts.
3 Click the Add (+) button.

4 Choose MobileMe from the Account Type menu.
5 If you don't have a MobileMe account already, click the "Get an iChat Account" button
to sign up for one.
6 Enter your MobileMe account name and password.
7 Click Done.
iChat should connect to the iChat service and you may see contacts with AIM or iChat
accounts from your Address Book already listed in your Buddies list. If you don't have
any contacts with AIM or iChat accounts, your Buddy list will be empty.
You've configured iChat for instant messaging with MobileMe, enabling you to stay in
touch with your colleagues in the same building or anywhere in the world.

Other Instant Messaging Services
In this section, you'll configure iChat for use with a variety of other instant messaging
services, such as AIM, Jabber, and Google Talk.
To configure an AIM account in iChat:

To set up iChat for instant messaging with AIM, follow these steps:
1 Open iChat from the Dock or the Applications folder.
2 Choose Preferences > Accounts and click the Add (+) button.

3 Choose AIM from the Account Type menu.
4 If you don't have an AIM account already, click the "Get an iChat Account" button to
sign up for one. You'll be taken to the AOL website.
5 Enter your AIM Screen Name and password and click Done.
iChat should log into the iChat service and you'll see contacts with AIM or iChat
accounts from your Address Book automatically listed in your Buddies list.

To configure a Jabber account in iChat:
A Jabber account can be configured to work with users of additional instant
messaging services such as Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger and ICQ. For more
information on enabling your Jabber account for use with these messaging systems,
visit www.jabber.com. Your organization may also have its own Jabber server.
To configure iChat for use with Jabber users, follow these steps:

3 Choose Jabber from the Account Type menu.
4 If you don't have a Jabber account already, visit www.jabber.com to sign up for one.
5 Enter your Jabber account name and password.
6 If required, click the disclosure triangle next to Server Options and enter the Server
and Port you received with your Jabber registration.
7 Click Done.
Try adding other Jabber contacts to your Buddies list with Buddies > Add a Buddy to
confirm that the account is working.

To configure a Google Talk account in iChat:
To set up iChat for instant messaging with Google Talk, follow these steps:

3 Choose Google Talk from the Account Type menu.
4 If you don't have a Google Talk account already, visit www.google.com to sign up
for one.
5 Enter your Google account and password and click Done.
Try adding Google Talk contacts to your Buddies list with Buddies > Add a Buddy to
confirm that the account is working.

Summary
In this section you've learned how to use instant messaging with your Mac, allowing
you to collaborate instantly with your colleagues. iChat offers support for leading
messaging services such as MobileMe and AIM. It can also be used with a variety of
additional popular services such as Jabber and Google Talk. Mac OS X's comprehensive
messaging support ensures you'll be able to communicate instantly with your
colleagues regardless of which operating system or messaging service they use.
Based on what you've learned in this section, you should be able to perform the
following tasks:
• Configure iChat instant messaging for use with MobileMe.
• Configure iChat for use with other messaging services like AIM, Jabber, and
Google Talk.

The following resource provides more information about instant messaging with
a Mac:
• Helpful iChat articles and information, http://support.apple.com/kb/ht2008/
Data Management and Backup

Overview
When you switch from a Windows computer to a Mac, you can transfer over many
of your PC files and use them just like you did before. Common Windows file formats
including text and PDF documents, images, audio and video files can be easily
opened in Mac OS X. The first step is migrating your files from the Windows machine
to your Mac.
In addition to migrating your data, it's also important to protect your data. You should
make regular backups of your system and keep multiple backups of important files.
Your organization may have a specific backup policy you should adhere to, but even
if it doesn't, a personal backup strategy is always a good practice.
In this section you'll learn how to migrate your Windows data to a Mac through
various transfer methods. Then you'll learn how to set up a backup strategy to protect
your important data from potential loss.
Migrating Data from Windows to a Mac

You can copy files from your PC onto external or removable storage media and then
use the media in your Mac. You can also send Windows files to your Mac over the
Internet via email or connect the Mac and PC together through a network and use
file sharing.

Copying Files to External Storage
An external storage device or disc is useful for migrating a large amount of data from a
Windows computer to your Mac. If your Windows computer has a CD or DVD drive, or
a USB port, choose from these options:
• Copy the files from the PC to an external hard drive or storage device, then
reconnect the drive to your Mac and transfer the files to your Mac hard drive.
Make sure the disk is initially formatted on the PC. Your Mac can read disks natively
formatted on a Windows computer, but not vice-versa.
• Burn the files to a CD or DVD on your PC, and then use the discs in your Mac to
transfer the files to your computer’s hard drive.
Migrating Files Via Email

If you have 5 MB or less of of data to transfer from your Windows computer, you can
send it over email.
To migrate files via email:

Follow these steps to migrate files from from a Windows computer to your Mac
via email:
1 Create zip files for larger groups of files on the PC.
2 Mail all of your desired files from Windows to yourself.
3 Pick up the files you emailed using Mail on the Mac.
Backing Up Data
Frequent backing up is the best way to protect your data against loss that may
occur as a result of hardware failure, user error, data corruption, or even equipment
theft. Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes Time Machine, an application that can
automatically back up your system and your important, irreplaceable files to a hard
disk or network volume.
Backing Up Data with Time Machine

Time Machine has an intuitive interface for restoring your files or your entire system.
In its default configuration, Time Machine keeps an up-to-date copy of the important
data on your Mac—applications, digital photos, music, movies, documents, etc.
You can easily go "back in time" to restore files if you ever need to. Some file types
are ignored by Time Machine by default, such as Safari caches and certain basic
system files.
Setting up Time Machine is as easy as connecting an external USB, FireWire, or eSata

hard drive to your Mac. You can also use a secondary internal disk if your desktop Mac
has one (that is, a disk that your Mac computer doesn't use as a startup disk).

To configure Time Machine:
To set up Time Machine for the first time, follow these steps:
1 Connect a FireWire or USB hard drive to the computer.
If you haven't specified a backup disk yet, Time Machine asks if you would like to use
the newly connected disk as a backup drive.
2 Click "Use as Backup Disk" to confirm you want to use the disk for Time Machine
backups.
Time Machine preferences will then open with this disk selected as your backup device.
That's all you have to do for Time Machine to automatically back up your Mac. The
first backup may take a while. You may want to set up Time Machine in the evening so
that the initial backup can be done overnight. By default, Time Machine keeps hourly
backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups
until your backup drive is full.

To manually select a Time Machine backup disk:
You can manually select a Time Machine backup disk with the following steps:
1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Time Machine.
2 Click "Select Backup Disk."

All suitable volumes, other than your startup disk, will be listed.
3 Choose a disk where backups will be stored, then click “Use for Backup.”

Alternate Backup Methods
In addition to hard drives, you can also use alternate methods to back up your data,
including backing up to a networked server or to a cloud-based service such as
MobileMe.
To back up to a server:
To back up to a disk on a network, the network server must use Apple File Protocol
(AFP) file sharing and both your computer and the network backup disk should
have Mac OS X 10.5.6 or later installed. To make the network server available to Time
Machine, make sure you have mounted it as a shared volume on your Mac with the
Go > Connect to Server command from the Finder before proceeding.
To back up to a network server, follow these steps:

1 Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and then click Time Machine.
2 Click "Select Backup Disk."

3 Choose a network server where backups will be stored, then click “Use for Backup.”

An alternate method can be used if you have a network home folder set up at your
organization. Any files you store in your network home folder will get backed up, since
the server’s files get backed up as network home folders reside on the server, not on
your local drive.
To back up to MobileMe:
As a MobileMe subscriber, you can use the application "Backup" to back up important
files in your Home folder, such as files/folders on your desktop, or in your Documents,
Movies, Music, and Pictures folders. If you don't have Backup installed, you can
download it to your Mac from your iDisk's Software folder.
Note: MobileMe Backup isn't intended for backing up your entire hard drive or files
that aren't within your home folder. Usually, your home folder is where your most
important files are. Mac OS X and third-party applications can be reinstalled from
original discs or source image files if necessary.
Summary
In this section you learned about data management and how to migrate your files
from a Windows computer in a variety of ways. You also learned how to back up your
information with your Mac and protect against data loss and potential financial risk.
Time Machine makes the process highly intuitive.
these tasks:
• Migrate data from a Windows computer to your Mac using external storage, email
or file sharing.
• Migrate data from a Windows computer to your Mac using other methods.
• Configure Time Machine for use with an external hard drive.
• Back up data on a regular basis with Time Machine.
• Back up data to a server or to cloud-based services such as MobileMe.

The following resources provide more information about data management and
backup with a Mac:
• Mac 101: Time Machine, http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427
• Switch 101: Migrate your files or your Windows system, http://support.apple.com/
kb/HT2518
• MobileMe: Backup troubleshooting tips, http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1716

Cross-platform Compatibility
Overview
Mac OS X enables you to seamlessly integrate your Mac into Windows and mixed
operating system network environments. You can use Microsoft Office, connect to
most printers and cameras, join PC networks, and even run and even run Windows on
your Mac. With Snow Leopard, the Mac is the only computer with built-in support for
the latest version of Microsoft Exchange Server. So you can use your Mac with all the
features and applications you love—at home and at work, and have all your messages,
meetings, and contacts in one place.
A native version of Microsoft Office is available for Mac OS X, and it features a Mac-
friendly interface that lets you create documents with Word, presentations with
PowerPoint, and spreadsheets with Excel just like on a Windows PC. Your Mac is
compatible with Microsoft Office for Windows, so you can easily share documents with
friends and colleagues. Even if you don’t have Office installed on your Mac, you can use
Quick Look to take a peek at Office documents without having to open an application.
Mac OS X also offers OS-level support for key file types like PDF, TXT, JPEG, PNG and
even PSD.
Every new Mac lets you install Windows operating systems such as Vista and Windows
7 and run them at native speeds, using a built-in utility called Boot Camp. Setup is
simple and safe for your Mac files. After you’ve completed the installation, you can
start up your Mac using either Mac OS X or Windows. Or if you want to run Windows
and Mac applications at the same time without restarting, you can install Windows
within Mac OS X using VMware or Parallels software.
In this section you'll learn about applications available for both Mac and Windows.
You'll also learn about Mac applications with built-in support for Windows files. Then
you'll learn how to set up your Mac to run Windows operating systems natively with
Boot Camp, and virtually with VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop.
Cross-platform Compatibility
You can work with Windows files within Mac OS X using applications that are available
for both operating systems. Alternatively, many Mac-only applications can import files
formatted with Windows file formats.
Cross-platform applications
Software developers offer versions of their applications for both Windows and
Mac OS X, in consideration of the mixed operating system environments deployed by
many organizations.

Available cross-platform productivity applications include:
• Microsoft Office, including Word, Excel, Entourage, Messenger and PowerPoint
• Adobe Acrobat, Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, After Effects, Premiere Pro
• QuickBooks from Intuit
• FileMaker
Cross-platform file types

Many native Mac applications can import files created in Windows. They also let you
view the most common file types, including Office documents, PDFs, images, text files,
MP3s, videos, ZIP files, and more.
Mac applications with support for Windows files include:

• Pages can import Microsoft Word and most other Windows text formats.
• Numbers can import Excel as well as Open Financial Exchange files from Quicken,
comma-separated-value and tab-delimited files.
• Keynote can import PowerPoint presentations.
• Any QuickTime-compatible application can import .AVI video and .WAV audio files.
Running Windows on a Mac

An Intel-based Mac uses the same processor as computers running Windows, enabling
it to directly run Windows software in a variety of ways. You can boot Windows
operating systems natively on a Mac by installing Apple's Boot Camp software, which
is included with Mac OS X. You can also run Windows directly in Mac OS X with
virtualization applications such as VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop, which create
virtual Windows machines running on your Mac desktop. In this section you'll learn
how to configure Boot Camp and then learn about virtualization.
Boot Camp
You can run the Windows operating system on your Mac at native speed with Boot
Camp. Windows applications have full access to multiple processors and multiple
cores, accelerated 3D graphics, and high-speed ports and networking such as USB,
FireWire, Wi-Fi, AirPort, and Gigabit Ethernet. Boot Camp drivers for Windows that let
you use these features are on the Mac OS X installation DVD, as well as drivers for
audio and Bluetooth. The drivers are automatically installed when you insert the disc
into your Mac after installing Windows. In addition to your installation DVD, you'll also
need a Windows installation disc with the version of Windows that you want to use.

To set up Boot Camp:
To set up Windows with Boot Camp, follow these steps:
1 Log in to an administrator account on your computer, quit all open applications, and
log out any other users.
2 Open Boot Camp Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/) and follow the onscreen
instructions.
Next you'll create a partition for Windows.

3 Set the size of your Windows partition.
Refer to your Windows installer documentation to help you determine the best
partition size for your system.

4 Click Partition.
Boot Camp Assistant creates the new Windows partition. Your original Mac OS
partition, with all your software and information, remains intact. You can use Boot
Camp Assistant later to remove the partition if you want to restore the disk to a single-
partition Mac OS X volume.
5 Select “Start the Windows installer.”
6 If you are using a computer with more than one internal disk, select the disk on which
you want to install Windows, and then click Continue.
7 Insert your Windows installation disc and click Start Installation.

Your Mac will start up from the Windows installation disc. Follow the onscreen
instructions.
8 Select a Windows partition.
For Windows XP, Select “C: Partition3 <BOOTCAMP> [FAT32].” For Windows Vista Select
“Disk 0 Partition 3 BOOTCAMP.”
9 Format the Windows partition.
• For Windows XP, choose NTFS for better reliability and security, though you will
not be able to save files to the Windows partition from Mac OS X. Choose FAT for a
partition writable by Mac OS X, though limited to 32GB.
• For Windows Vista/7, click “Drive options (advanced).” Click Format, then click OK and
then Next. (Windows Vista and Windows 7 require NTFS.)
Note: Mac OS X includes support for reading and writing to FAT partitions, but can
only read NTFS partitions.
Next, you'll install Mac-specific drivers and other software for Windows using your
Mac OS X Snow Leopard installation disc.

10 Eject the Windows installation disc and insert your Mac OS X installation DVD.
11 Follow the onscreen instructions. Your Mac should restart and Windows will launch a
Found New Hardware Wizard. Follow the instructions for any other wizards
that appear.
Once you’ve installed Windows and the Boot Camp drivers, you can start using
Windows on your Mac. Boot Camp makes it easy to start up your computer using
either Mac OS X or Windows. You can set the default operating system for your
computer using Startup Disk preferences (Mac OS X) or the Boot Camp control panel
(Windows). You can also select an operating system as your computer is starting up.
Virtualization
If you only need to run Windows applications occasionally or you don't require the
increased performance of Boot Camp, virtualization offers instant access to Windows
without having to leave Mac OS X. VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop are two
popular 3rd party Windows virtualization solutions.
VMware Fusion
To download and purchase VMware Fusion, visit http://www.vmware.com/products/
fusion/. In addition to a copy of the Fusion application with a valid serial number, you'll
also need a full-install Windows installation disc with the Windows version you want
to use.
VMware Fusion installs Windows, which can take up to 45 minutes. After installing
Windows, VMware Fusion installs VMware Tools and powers on the virtual machine.
You'll then be able to install and run Windows applications natively without leaving
your Mac OS X desktop.
Parallels Desktop
To download and purchase Parallels Desktop, visit http://www.parallels.com/products/
desktop/. In addition to a copy of the Desktop application with a valid serial number,
you'll also need a full-install Windows installation disc of the Windows version you
want to use.

Summary
In this section you've learned about your Mac's cross-platform compatibility, enabling
you to work seamlessly with Windows users. Many Windows programs like Microsoft
Word and Adobe Photoshop are also available for the Mac. Mac OS X applications like
iWork offer support for common Windows file formats. You can run Windows natively
on a Mac via Boot Camp or in a window in Mac OS X with virtualization applications
like VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop.
these tasks:
• List applications that are available on both Windows and Mac OS X.
• List native Mac applications that support Windows file formats.
• Configure a Mac to run Windows natively with Boot Camp.
• List 3rd party virtualization options for running Windows.

The following resources provide more information about using Windows files and
applications with a Mac:
• Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide, Apple Inc., 2010 at
http://manuals.info.apple.com/en/boot_camp_install-setup.pdf
• Mac 101: Using Windows on your Mac via Boot Camp, http://support.apple.com/
kb/HT1461
• “Applications and Boot Camp,” Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6, Peachpit Press, 2010

Additional Resources
3
Mac Integration Basics Exam
Add Apple Certified Associate - Mac Integration 10.6 to your credentials. Instructions
for taking the online exam are at: http://training.apple.com/itpro/macinteg/exam.
Mac OS X Training & Certification

Apple offers comprehensive certification programs for IT professionals in business,
education, and other fields. Review the Apple Training and Apple Certification options
below to find the path best suited to your goals.
Mac OS X Courses
Courses are taught by Apple Certified Trainers through a worldwide network of
Apple Authorized Training Centers (AATCs).
Mac OS X Support Essentials 10.6: Provides an intensive and in-depth exploration
of troubleshooting on Mac OS X, touring the breadth of functionality of Mac OS X
systems.
Mac OS X Server Essentials 10.6: Gives technical coordinators and entry-level system
administrators the knowledge to implement a Mac OS X Server-based system.
Mac OS X Directory Services 10.6: Teaches the skills to configure Mac OS X computers
to access directory services, and to configure Mac OS X Server to provide directory
services in a mixed-platform environment.
Mac OS X Deployment 10.6: Focuses on solutions for deploying and maintaining
software, from the installation of individual files to the deployment of complete system
images to multiple computers.
Mac OS X Security and Mobility 10.6: Teaches the skills to configure Mac OS X Server
to provide network services so mobile computers and devices such as the iPhone can
access private networks and services in a secure manner.

Mac OS X Certifications
Apple's Mac OS X Certifications are designed for IT professionals who:
• Support Mac OS X users in a business, education institution or school district
• Manage networks of Mac OS X systems in an organization — for example, a teacher
or a technology specialist who manages classroom networks or computer labs
• Manage complex, multi-platform networks that include Mac OS X systems
Apple Certified Associate - Mac Integration certification verifies an understanding

of the different ways to integrate a Mac within a Windows or other standards-
based network.
Apple Certified Support Professional (ACSP) is next on the Mac OS X certification path,
validating basic Mac OS X support and troubleshooting skills.
Apple Certified Technical Coordinator (ACTC) certification builds on ACSP by certifying

essential Mac OS X Server support and troubleshooting skills.
Apple Certified System Administrator (ACSA) is Apple's premier Mac OS X certification,

endorsing the skills of professional system administrators and engineers who manage
networks of systems in complex multi-platform deployments.
Technical professionals who specialize in particular aspects of system administration

can earn Apple Certified Specialist certifications in Directory Services, Deployment,
and Security and Mobility.
For more information about all available Apple Certifications, visit

http://training.apple.com.
Books
The Apple Training Series books constitute a key part of Apple's official curriculum,
covering Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server. These books offer an independent approach
to training and certification, guiding students step-by-step through real world projects.
The books are also excellent references for providing assistance with performing
specific tasks and technologies.
There are five titles in the Apple Training Series, written for IT support and system
administration personnel:
• Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6
• Mac OS X Server Essentials v10.6
73
• Mac OS X Directory Services v10.6
• Mac OS X Deployment v10.6
• Mac OS X Security and Mobility v10.6
For more information about the books, visit Peachpit Press at http://www.peachpit.com.
Support
In addition to the AppleCare Product Plans, Apple provides online support at
http://www.apple.com/support where you can access technical articles, download
manuals, and join discussion forums.
The Apple Support site also provides some online training materials for those who are
new to Mac OS X:
Switch 101: Learn how to get around and access everything on your Mac; find out how
to move your old PC files to the Mac OS environment; figure out how to connect your
printer, iPod, digital camera, or other device; learn how to do those tasks you did on a
PC on a Mac; learn how to use the software that came with your Mac; or even find out
what to do when things don't go as planned. Switch 101 is located online at
http://www.apple.com/support/switch101/
Mac 101: Learn how to get around your Mac desktop (or find out what a desktop is,
for that matter); figure out how to connect your printer, iPod, digital camera, or other
device; discover email and the Internet; learn how to do various tasks; learn how to use
the software that came with your Mac; or even find out what to do when things don't
go as planned. Mac 101 is located online at http://www.apple.com/support/mac101/
74 Chapter 3    Additional Resources

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Mac Integration

6 Chapter 2: Integrating a Mac

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Configuring a Mac to Connect to a Network Account Server

Binding is accomplished in the Accounts pane of System Preferences. You’ll need to

To bind to an Active Directory server:

To bind a Mac to an Active Directory server, follow these steps:

3 Click Login Options.

4 Click the Join button.

Chapter 2 Integrating a Mac 7

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To bind to an Open Directory/LDAP server:

To add an LDAP server, follow these steps:

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4 Click the Join button.

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7 Click Done to return to the Accounts pane.

You've bound your Mac to an LDAP server.

Using Network Accounts

To log in using a network account:

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For Additional Information

Sharing Files Between Mac OS X and Windows Computers

Connecting to File Servers

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2 Search for the server’s name.

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To connect directly to Windows file servers:

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Personal File Sharing

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You may want to begin by sharing your Public folder.

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To enable Personal File sharing for Windows users:

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3 Select the “Share files and folders using FTP” checkbox.

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For Additional Information

Email, Calendars, & Contacts

Chapter 2 Integrating a Mac 19

To connect to an Exchange server with Autodiscover enabled:

To manually configure Mail for an Exchange account:

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Email with POP and IMAP Servers

To configure Mail to automatically connect:

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To manually configure Mac OS X Mail to connect to common email services, follow

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To set up an Exchange account in iCal:

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To configure iCal for Google Calendar:

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To configure iCal for Yahoo! Calendar:

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Congratulations, you've configured iCal for use with a variety of standards-based

For Additional Information

Chapter 2 Integrating a Mac 27

User Account Security

Snow Leopard includes Password Assistant, an application that analyzes the

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To use Password Assistant while changing a password:

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