GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the atmosphere,

oceans and the Earth's land. Global average temperature at Earth's surface has
increased over the last hundred years.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the
increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century most likely caused
by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" through the
greenhouse effect, such feedback effects evaporation of water, the influence of clouds
that are the object of current research and loss of ability to reflect light (albedo) of ice.
There are some research results stating that the contribution of the Sun may have been
overlooked in global warming. Two scientists from Duke University estimated that
the Sun may have contributed to the 45-50% increase in average global temperature
over the period 1900-2000, and about 25-35% between 1980 and 2000.
In 2006, a team of scientists from the United States, Germany and Switzerland stated
that they did not find an increase in the level of "explanation" of the Sun in a thousand
years. Solar cycle to a small increase of 0.07% in brightness over the last 30 years.
This effect is too small to contribute to global warming.

Causes of global warming

Greenhouse effect
All energy sources that exist on Earth comes from the Sun. Most of the energy
in the form of short-wave radiation, including visible light. When it reached the
surface of the Earth's energy, he changed from light into heat that warms the Earth.
The surface of the Earth, will absorb some heat and reflect back the rest. Some of this
heat tangible long wave infrared radiation into space. However, some heat remains
trapped in Earth's atmosphere due to accumulated amount of greenhouse gases
include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane which trap the waves of this
radiation. These gases absorb and reflect back the radiation waves emitted by the
Earth and consequently the heat is stored in the Earth's surface. This situation occurs
continuously resulting in annual average temperature of the earth continues to rise.
These gases function as a greenhouse gas. With the increasing concentration of these
gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped beneath.

Feedback effect
Elements of the cause of global warming is also influenced by various
feedback processes that result. An example is the evaporation of water. In the case of
warming due to increasing greenhouse gases like CO2, warming will initially lead to
more number of water evaporates into the atmosphere. Because water vapor is itself a
greenhouse gas, warming will continue and increase the amount of water vapor in the
air until the achievement of an equilibrium concentration of water vapor. The
greenhouse effect it produces is larger than the effect of CO2 alone. (Although this
feedback to improve the absolute water content in the air, relative humidity are almost
constant or even slightly decreased because the air becomes warmer

Solar Variation
The difference between this mechanism with the warming due to greenhouse
effect is the increased activity of the Sun would heat the stratosphere reverse the
greenhouse effect will cool the stratosphere. Cooling the lower stratosphere has been
observed at least since 1960, which will not occur when the solar activity becomes the
major contributor to the current warming. (Depletion of the ozone layer can also
provide the cooling effect but the depletion occurred from the late 1970s.)
Phenomenon Solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had given the
warming effect from pre-industrial times until 1950, and the cooling effect since 1950
.
The impact of global warming
scientists have made several forecasts about the impact of global warming on
weather, higher sea levels, coastal, agricultural, wildlife and human health.

1. Start Climate Unstable

Scientists predict that during global warming, the northern regions of the
North Hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will heat up more than other regions on
Earth. As a result, icebergs will melt and the mainland will shrink. Will be less ice
will float in the waters of the North. Areas that previously experienced light snow,
probably will not experience it again. In the mountains in subtropical areas, snow-
covered part will be getting less and is quicker to melt. Planting season will be longer
in some areas. Temperatures in the winter and at night would tend to increase. High
humidity will increase rainfall, on average, about 1 percent for each degree Fahrenheit
warming. (Rainfall in the entire world has increased by 1 percent in the last hundred
years)

2. Increased sea level

Changes in average height of sea level measured from the region with a stable
geological environment.
As the atmosphere warms, the ocean surface layer will also be warm, so the
volume will expand and raise the sea level. Warming will also melt much glacier ice,
especially around Greenland, which further increase the volume of water in the sea.

Controlling global warming

Severe damage could be solved with a variety of ways. Coastal areas can be
protected by walls and barriers to prevent entry of sea water. Alternatively,
governments can help the population on the coast to move to higher ground. Some
countries, such as the United States, to save plants and animals while maintaining the
corridor (line) habitat, clearing land for construction from south to north. Species can
gradually movealon thiscorridor to go to a colder habitat.
There are two main approaches to slow down the increasing greenhouse gases.
First, prevent the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by storing the gas or its
carbon component somewhere else. This is called carbon sequestration (removal of
carbon). Second, reducing greenhouse gas production.

Eliminate carbon
The easiest way to remove carbon dioxide in the air is to maintain trees and
plant more trees. Trees, especially young and fast growing, absorb carbon dioxide
very much, break through photosynthesis and store carbon in wood. Around the
world, the rate of forest encroachment has reached an alarming level. In many areas,
plants that grow back a bit once because the soil loses its fertility when converted to
other uses, such as for agriculture or residential development. Steps to overcome this
is to reforestation that play a role in reducing the increasing greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide gas can also be eliminated directly. You do this by injecting
(injecting) the gas into oil wells to push for oil out onto the surface (refer to Enhanced
Oil Recovery). Injections can also be done to isolate this gas under the ground such as
in oil wells, coal seams or aquifer. This has been done in one of the drilling rig off the
coast of Norway, where carbon dioxide is brought to the surface with natural gas was
captured and injected back into the aquifer and so can not return to the surface.