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HAMIT Z. KOSAY:
A CONTRIBUTION TO CENTRAL-ANATOLIAN
PREHISTORIC CERAMICS
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P1.+ a) a bathingbasinfrom the (Hittite) layer Mliaof Alaca-Hoyiik b) the Hittite bath
ring again. But we also find pieces bearing red and brown lines and ribbons on a white
background. They are made with the potter's wheel. After the white or red coating was
laid on, the vessels were carefully polished still before their baking, for eliminating the
porosity of the material. On some pieces the coating is not thick at all, but the piece
has been dipped for a short time into the mass, entirely or partially.*
As far as form is considered, we find in the Hittite period very big pails, little pails,
cups with three-cornered handles, cups without handles and with round bottom, buckets,
jugs with handles overpassing the border, vessels with twisted handles, various, very smart
jugs with a round base (see pl. 3b), cosmetic boxes and many more. The beak-mouthed
jugs are very characteristic for this period, and many of them, as we know, were
employed for ritual services.
Also quadrangularbathing basins with a seat in them, were found, and it undoubtedly
proves that the Hittites loved cleanliness. These basins are the prototypes of our bath
of nowadays (pl.4).
In a Hittite kitchen vessels in form of grapes are found, and also pails with three legs
formed as the feet of animals,drinking cups in form of lions' or bulls' heads, pots with
the bottom of a sieve. A rare piece is constituted by a Hittite pot fastened to the
hearth. I cannot give here further details, this being an article whose shortness would
be impaired by comparisons with other regions, since such comparisons would be very
necessary. I would like only to point out that the forms of the ceramics of central
Anatolia have exercised their influence till Troya and the Greek isles and that on
their turn, have been influenced by these regions.
Among the Hittite pots we find some, shaped in a way which appears very strange
to our eyes; many vessels, f. i. have a pointed bottom. We understand these shapes
better, as soon as we get some knowledge about the life of that time. Such vessels were
buried into the ground of the kitchen or cellar and round ring-shaped supports served
for the maintainanceof the equilibrium;such supports of clay have been found. Generally
we are aware of a mass-production having started in Hittite time, and we learn it by
*
In an ethnographical research which will be issued before long, I will show that this technique is employ-
ed still to-day in modern Anatolian ceramics.
40
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OBSERVATIONS:
a) About the excavations of Alaca-Hoyuiikcompare above all: H. Z. Ko?ay: Excavations in Alaca-H6ytik
1936 (Turkish and German) issued by the Turkish Commission of History, Series V, Number 2 a; (Ankara
Mr.
1944); the report about the excavations in the years 1937-1939 is in print (Turkish and German);
Remzi O. Arik supplied us with the first report about the excavations in 1935. - About the excavations of
"
Pazarl cf. H. Z. Ko?ay: Les Fouilles de Pazarll (Istanbul 1938) and H. Z. Kosay in the review "Belleten
Nr. 9, p. 15-25 (1939); furthermore: Ekrem Akurgal: Pazarh'da 9ikan esserler uizerindeyeni ara?tirmalar
(Observations to the architectonic reliefs of Terracotta in Pazarli, Phrygia) in the review "Belleten" Nr. 25,
p. 1-43 (Turkish and German) (I942). (The translator).
42