c

 

c  c   


 



 

? ? ? ?
?
?
 (March 22, £? Ñas a Filipino general, politician, £? ›guinaldo·s presidential term £? he played an instrumental role

1869 - February 6, 1964) and independence leader. formally began in 1898 and ended during the Philippines' revolution
?
£? ›guinaldo became the Philippines' on ›pril 1, 1901, Ñhen he took an against Spain, and the
?
? first President. oath of allegiance to the United subsequent Philippine-›merican
?
? £? he Ñas also the youngest (at age States a Ñeek after his capture in War that resisted ›merican
?
? 29) to have become the country's Palanan, Isabela. occupation.
? president, and the longest-lived £? ›guinaldo is best remembered
?
£? His term also featured the setting
? (having survived to age 94) for the proclamation of
? up of the Malolos Republic, Ñhich
? £? he Ñas 29 years old Ñhen he Philippine Independence on June
? has its oÑn Congress, Constitution,
became Chief of State, first as 12, 1898, in KaÑit, Cavite.
?
and national and local officialdom -
? head of the dictatorship he
? - proving Filipinos also had the ?
? thought should be established
? capacity to build.
? upon his return to Cavite in May
? 1898 from voluntary exile in
? ?
? Hongkong, and then a month later
?
? as President of the Revolutionary
?
Government that ›polinario Mabini
?
? had persuaded him should instead
?
? be instituted.
?
?
? ? ? ?
a? (›ugust £? *uezón established an exiled
£? served as president of
£? he returned to the Philippines government in the US Ñith the
19, 1878 - ›ugust 1, 1944) theCommonÑealth of the
to become President of the outbreak of the Ñar and the
? Philippines from 1935 to 1944
? Philippine Senate, created by threat of Japanese invasion
? £? he Ñas the first Filipino to the Jones LaÑ 
?
head a government of the £? *uezon·s term (1935 - 1944),
?
? Philippines. £? he Ñas also top man of the though chiefly knoÑn for making
? ruling Nacionalista Party. Pilipino the national language,
? £? *uezón is considered by most
tried to solve nagging problems
? Filipinos to have been the
inherited from the Spanish and
? £? during his presidency, *uezón
secondpresident of the ›merican administrations
?
Philippines, after Emilio tackled the problem of
? 
? ›guinaldo (1897²1901). landless peasants in the
£? Represented the Philippines in
? countryside the International Congress of
? £? *uezón Ñas the first Senate
?  Navigation in St. Petersburg,
president elected to the
? £? other major decisions include Russia in 1908.
? presidency, the first president
reorganization of the islands 
? elected through a national
military defense, approval of £? ›fter the Japanese Regime, he
?
election, and the first fled to the United States Ñhere
? recommendation for
? incumbent to secure re- he governed the Philippines up'
government reorganization,
? election (for a partial second to the last days of his life.
? promotion of settlement and
term, later extended, due to 
? development in Mindanao,
? amendments to the 1935 ?
tackling foreign strangle-hold
? Constitution)
? on Philippine trade and
? £? he is knoÑn as the "Father of commerce, proposals for land
?
the National Language". reform and the tackling of
?
? ? graft and corruption Ñithin
? the government
? ? ? ?
o? ü!"c#(March 9, £? Ñas the president of theRepublic £? |uring Laurel's tenure as £? ›s the Nationalista Party's

1891 - November 5, 1959) of the Philippines, a Japanese- President, hunger Ñas the main nominee for the presidency of
?
sponsored administration during Ñorry the Republic of the Philippines
?
? World War II, from 1943 to £? |uring his presidency, the in 1949, he Ñas narroÑly
?
? 1945. Philippines faced a crippling food defeated by the incumbent
? shortage Ñhich demanded much president, Elpidio *uirino, a
? £? he Ñas born on March 9, 1891 in
? the toÑn of Tanauan, Batangas. of Laurel's attention. nominee of the Liberal Party.
?
? His parents Ñere Sotero Laurel, £? Laurel also resisted in vain
? Japanese demands that the
? Sr. and Jacoba García
? Philippines issue a formal
? £? his father had been an official in
declaration of Ñar against
? the revolutionary government
? the United States. There Ñere
? ofEmilio ›guinaldo and a
? also reports during his presidency
signatory to the 1898 Malolos
?
of the Japanese military carrying
? Constitution.
? out rape and massacre toÑards
? £? Ñhile a teen, Laurel
? the Filipino population.
? Ñas indicted for
?
attemptedmurder Ñhen he almost
?
? killed a rival suitor of his
?
? girlfriend.
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
£? Ñas born in Cebu on the island of £? Ñas a notable figure in the £? Osmeña Ñent on a mission to
G?# !$(September
9, 1878 - October 19, 1961) Cebu on Sept. 9, 1878 struggle for independence the US to ask for the
? Philippines' independence. The
£? he entered the San Carlos £? › laÑyer, he espoused the cause
?
? Seminary in Cebu in 1889 and of independence through peaceful mission Ñas called OSROX,
?
? then earned his bachelor's means as editor of the Cebu coined from combining the first
? degree from San Juan de Letran neÑspaper El Nuevo Dia (NeÑ letters of their family names.
?
? College Day), Ñhich he founded in 1900 The mission Ñas successful. The
?
£? his schooling Ñas interrupted by Philippines Ñas granted its
?
? the 1896 revolution and the independence.
?
? Filipino-›merican War
?
£? during the revolution he edited
?
? the militantly nationalistic
?
? periodical El Nuevo Dia
?
£? after the revolutionary struggles
?
? he continued his studies until he
?
? passed the bar examination on
? Feb. 20, 1903.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
†? %! (January 1, £? he Ñas popularly knoÑn as the £? his political career started Ñhen £? the short-lived Roxas

1892 - ›pril 15, 1948) ´First President of the Third he Ñas appointed as a member of administration (1946 - 1948)

Republic.µ the Capiz municipal council. In embarked on a course that

?
? £? he Ñon the elections by a slim 1919, he Ñas elected as governor resulted in Ñhat Ñere
? margin. He Ñas inaugurated on of Capiz considered as his greatest
?
? July 4, 1946, the day the U.S. £? he Ñas elected as congressman in achievements, namely: the
?
? government granted political 1922, and in 1935, he Ñas chosen ratification of the Bell Trade
? independence to its colony. as a delegate to the ›ct; the inclusion of the Parity
?
? £? Roxas Ñas born in Capiz (noÑ Constitutional Convention ›mendment in the Constitution;
?
Roxas City), studied laÑ at UP £? he Ñas elected as a senator in and the signing of the 1947
?
? and graduated Ñith honors in 1941 and eventually became Military Bases ›greement`??
?
? 1913 Senate president. ?
? ?
£? he topped the Bar examinations
?
? in the same year, Ñas employed
?
? as private secretary to Chief
? Justice Cayetano ›rellano, and
?
? taught laÑ in 1915-1916.??
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
£? Ñas born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, £? his political career started Ñith £? The *uirino administration
¦?
&#(November
16, 1890 - February 28, finished laÑ studies at UP in 1915, his election as a representative of (1948 - 1953) focused on tÑo

1956) and hurdled the Bar examinations Ilocos Sur in 1919, then as a objectives: 1) to regain faith
?
in the same year senator in 1925, and again and confidence in the
?
? reelected in 1931. President government; and 2) to restore
?
? *uezon appointed him as peace and order
?
secretary of finance and then £? he Ñas more successful in the
?
? secretary of the interior in the second objective ² breaking the
?
? CommonÑealth Government back of the Hukbalahap
? Movement in Central Luzon
?
? £? in addition, he Ñas credited
?
? Ñith sponsoring the groÑth of
? industrial ventures, expanding
?
? irrigation, improving the road
?
system, and setting up the
?
? Central Bank and rural banking
?
? £? it Ñas also during his term that
?
the RP-US Mutual |efense
?
? Treaty Ñas approved on ›ugust
?
? 30, 1951.
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
£? popularly knoÑn as ´the guy,µ £? he Ñas elected tÑice as a £? he Ñas instrumental in having
X? !'!'(›ugust
31, 1907 - March 17, 1957) Magsaysay Ñas born in Iba, congressman after the Ñar the U.S. Congress pass the G.I.

 Zambales £? Ñas decisively elected president Bill of Rights, Ñhich accorded

? £? he took up mechanical engineering over the incumbent Elpidio benefits to the Filipino Ñar
?
? at UP but ended up Ñith a *uirino veterans
?
? commerce degree from Jose Rizal £? as president, he Ñas a close £? he toured the barrios, opened
? College friend and supporter of up Malacanang to the public,
?
? £? he took a job as a mechanic in the the United States and a vocal solicited and acted upon their
?
bus company Try-Tran and rose spokesman complaints, built artesian Ñells
?
? to become its branch manager. against communism during and roads. He had Congress
?
? He attained fame as an able the Cold War pass the ›gricultural Tenancy
? ?
guerilla leader in World War II ›ct of 1954, providing greater
?
? and Ñas subsequently named by protection to tenants.
?
? Mac›rthur as military governor ?
? of Zambales during the
?
? liberation.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
?#!c
#((November £? Ñas a Filipino teacher, poet, £? he started his political career in £? President Garcia's greatest
orator, laÑyer, public official, and
4, 1896 - June 1, 1971) 1925, scoring an impressive achievement Ñas the
? guerrilla leader
victory running for congressman strengthening of democracy in
? £? he became the eighth President
? of the Philippines knoÑn for his representing the third district the country
?
"Filipino First" policy, Ñhich put of Bohol £? he Ñas fair-minded, respected
?
? the interests of the Filipino
£? he Ñas elected for another human rights and Ñas never
? people above those of foreigners
? and of the ruling party. term, but served only until 1941 vindictive in his dealings Ñith
?
£? Ñas born in Talibon, Bohol to Ñhen he successfully ran for his political enemie
?
? Policronio García and ›mbrosia
earth and died by shooting him £? his other achievements Ñere
? Polestico (Ñho Ñere both natives
? of Bangued, ›bra). in his face and did nothing as a the adoption of the "Filipino
?
£? he pursued his college education house keeper? First Policy", the revival of
?
? at Silliman
Filipino culture, and the
? University in|umaguete
? City, Negros Oriental, and later
creation of the Jose Rizal
?
studied at the Philippine LaÑ Centennial Commission in
?
? School (noÑ Philippine College of preparation for the first Jose
? Criminology) Ñhere he earned his
? Rizal Centennial held on June
laÑ degree in 1923
? 19, 1971.
£? he Ñas among the top ten in the
?
? bar examination
? £? he became famous for his poetry
? in Bohol, Ñhere he earned the
?
nickname "Prince
?
? of Visayan Poets" and the "Bard
? from Bohol"
? ? ? ?
½?!(& £?Mapacagal ² Ñho styled himself as £? in 1949, he Ñas elected as the £??his achievements include the

(September 28, 1910 - the ´poor boyµ from Lubao congressman of the first district spreading of the National Language
November 14, 1961) (Pampanga) ² completed pre-laÑ and of Pampanga and reelected in 1953 by using it in diplomatic credentials,
?
? ›ssociate in ›rts at UP; hoÑever, he £? in 1958, he Ñas elected as Vice passports, stamps and traffic signs,
? Ñas a laÑ graduate of the University President of the Philippines. giving tycoons (mostly Chinese)
?
? of Santo Tomas Macapagal·s administration (1961 - Filipino names, and the changing of
?
? £? he Ñas the topnotcher of the Bar 1965) is best remembered for the Philippine Independence |ay
? examinations in 1935 resetting the date of the from July 4 to June 12. He filed
?
? £? he then entered into a private laÑ celebration of Philippine the Philippine claim over Sabah on
?
practice, teaching laÑ at the side. In Independence |ay ² from July 4 June 22, 1962 and joined the
?
? 1946, he Ñas appointed Chief of the Ñhen the U.S. turned over the reins M›PILIN|O, a confederation
?
? Legal |ivision of the |epartment of of government in 1946 to the more betÑeen Malaysia, the Philippines
?
Foreign ›ffairs and Ñas eventually correct date of June 12 Ñhen and Indonesia
?
? sent to the Philippine Embassy in ›guinaldo declared independence in £?he Ñas responsible for the
?
? Washington as Second Secretary. 1898 ›gricultural Land Reform Code
? (R.›. No. 3844) signed on ›ugust 8,
?
? 1963?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
)?ë##(! £? Ñas born on September 11, 1917 in £? his first term saÑ a number of £? alarmed, he placed the Ñhole

(September 11, 1917 - Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to |on socio-economic development country under Martial LaÑ
September 28, 1989) Mariano Marcos and Josefa Edralin programs aimed at improving the Ñhich eventually saÑ a

£? He Ñas a consistent scholar, took national economy and raised the disciplined society although his
?
? up LaÑ at UP, and graduated cum livelihood standards of the political enemies Ñere jailed or
?
? laude in 1939 Filipinos killed and abuses by the
? £? he Ñas a member of the House of £? he Ñon his second term on military and his cronies Ñere
?
? Representatives and the Philippine November 11, 1969 but Ñas rampant
?
Senate and claimed to be a rocked by violent student £? the assassination of Senator
?
? decorated guerrilla leader during demonstrations. Benigno ›quino Jr. on ›ugust
?
? the Ñar. £? a break doÑn in peace and order, 21, 1983 Ñas the turning point
? ? a deteriorating economy, graft for the end of the Marcos
?
? and corruption, and communists dictatorship
?
? and subversive elements greÑ in £? he Ñon again as president in the
? number during these period controversial snap election of
?
? 1986 against Ninoy's ÑidoÑ,
?
Corazon ›quino
?
? £? the greatest achievement of
?
? the Marcos presidency Ñas in
?
the field of infrastructure
?
? development and international
?
? diplomacy`
?
? ? ? ?
?# *(January £? no one could have imagined that £? she is associated Ñith the £? her greatest legacy to the

25, 1933) Cory ›quino Ñould become a E|S› Revolt. Filipinos Ñas the restoration of
?
president of the Philippines. £? her presidency saÑ democracy. In the 1992
?
? £? although she Ñas born to the unsuccessful coups instigated by Presidential Elections, she
?
? landed class in Tarlac, her disgruntled military officers supported Ramos,
? background Ñas so disparate from £? she declared her candidacy for
?
? the patterns that cut presidential president against President Marcos
?
? figures. In 1946, her family left for in the 1986 elections
? the U.S. and she enrolled at £? she sat as president under the
?
? Ravenhill ›cademy in Philadelphia Freedom Constitution, a temporary
?
£? she finished her junior and measure until a neÑ constitution
?
? senior years at Notre |ame College could be Ñritten. In 1987, a neÑ
?
? in NeÑ York. In 1949, she entered constitution Ñas approved
?
Mount Saint Vincent College also in
?
? NeÑ York Ñhere she finished a ?
?
? Bachelor of ›rts course, major in
? French
?
? £? in 1953, she returned to the
?
? Philippines to take up laÑ at the Far
? Eastern University.
?
? £? but, the folloÑing year, she met
?
and married Benigno Ninoy ›quino
?
?
 ? ? ? ?
a? ë ! (March £? he Ñas the military hero of the £? Ramos administration has £? his presidency saÑ a period

18, 1928). February 1986 Philippine People anchored its governance on the of political and economic stability
?
PoÑer Revolution and victor of the philosophy of ´People £? it accomplished the peaceful
?
? first multiparty presidential EmpoÑermentµ as the engine to solution of the MNLF Ñar in
?
? elections in 1992, thus becoming the operationalize economic groÑth, Mindanao and neutralized the CPP-
? 12th President of the Republic of social equity, and national NP›.
?
? the Philippines. solidarity £? there Ñere no coup de etats,
?
? £? Ramos Ñas born on March 18, £? it is focusing on a five-point and the country became ›sia's
? 1928, and greÑ up in Lingayen, program: peace and stability; neÑest economic tiger
?
? Pangasinan. His father - Narciso economic groÑth and sustainable
?
Ramos - Ñas a laÑyer, a crusading development; energy and poÑer
?
? journalist, a five-term legislator of generation; environmental
?
? the House of Representatives, and protection; and a streamline
?
later, secretary of foreign affairs. democracy.
?
? £? › soldier by profession and a £? six-year term of Ramos (1992 -
?
? hero in the Korean and Vietnam 1998) is looked upon Ñith much
? Wars, Ramos rose to the military hope and optimism not only
?
? hierarchy being a distant cousin of because of his clear vision of the
?
? President Ferdinand Marcos. He Ñas future but also because of his
? the Chief of the Philippine hands-on leadership style in
?
? Constabulary during Martial LaÑ` meeting the challenges faced by
?
the country.?
?
?
? ? ? ?
o?ü!&+
!,# (›pril 19, £?Joseph Marcelo Ejercito £? Estrada presidency Ñas £? he assumed office amid

1937) Estrada Ñas born on ›pril 19, accused of plunder and corruption. the ›sian Financial Crisis and
?
1937, in Tondo, Manila. His ›fter his impeachment trial in the Ñith agricultural problems due
?
? parents, Engr. Emilio Ejercito Senate Ñas aborted, anti-Estrada to poor Ñeather conditions,
?
? and Maria Marcelo, moved to protesters gathered at E|S› and thereby sloÑing theeconomic
? San Juan Ñhere he greÑ up and rose in numbers in days that groÑth to -0.6% in 1998 from
?
? Ñhere he continues to reside to folloÑed. On January 20, 2001, a 5.2% in 1997.
?
? this day. His primary education the Supreme Court declared the £? the economy recovered by
? Ñas obtained at the Jesuit-run seat of the presidency vacant 3.4% in 1999 and 4% in 2000
?
? ›teneo de Manila University £? in 2000 he declared an "all-
?
£? he later took up an Engineering out-Ñar" against the Moro
?
? course at the Mapua Institute Islamic Liberation Front and
?
? of Technology. captured it's headquarters
?
£? is the first president to be a and other camps
?
? celebrity. He is also the first
?
? moustached president. Estrada is
? married to (the former |octor
?
? and first lady-turned-senator)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ? ? ?
£? Ñas in San Juan to Philippine £? she Ñas sÑorn in as president £? in the 2009 rankings of Most
G?
#(&-##' President |iosdado Macapagal and on January 20, 2001 after PoÑerful Women by Forbes, she
(›pril 5, 1947)
Evangelina Macaraeg President Estrada's removal from Ñas ranked as the 44th most

? £? she Ñas a professor of office by the Second Edsa poÑerful Ñoman in the Ñorld.
?
economics and became assistant Revolution. She Ñas elected to a President Gloria Macapagal-
?
? secretary and undersecretary of full six year term and took her ›rroyo stepped doÑn from the
?
? the |epartment of Trade and oath of office on June 30, 2004. presidency after her term ended
? Industry during President £? ›rroyo's presidency Ñas on June 30, 2010?
?
? ›quino's term continuously harassed by questions £? during the May 10, 2010
?
? £? she served as senator and Ñas of legitimacy, graft and corruption elections, she ran for a
? cabinet secretary and vice scandals, impeachment threats, Congressional seat for the second

president under President military adventurisms by rebel district of Pampanga and Ñas

Estrada. soldiers, peace and order proclaimed Ñinner by a landslide

problems, the CPP-NP› communist victory on May 12, 2010`?????

insurgency, the ›bu Sayyaf terror

threat and the economic crisis

that hounded the country

£? inspite of it all, the ›rroyo

presidency has shoÑn a strong

leadership by Ñeathering the

storm in all issues.