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Your heart, blood and blood vessels make up it. Your heart creates pressure when it
beats. This pressure moves blood throughout your body. The cardiovascular system helps maintain
homeostasis by performing many functions. It carries: nutrients, hormones, so on͙

„ — 
It͛s made mostly by cardiac muscle tissue. It͛s about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of
your chest cavity. It is separated in two, the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the
lungs. The left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. Each side has an upper chamber (atrium) a
lower chamber (ventricle).

„ Bloodl 
They are hallowing tubes that blood travels through. The three types of blood vessels are: Arteries,
Capillaries and Veins.

„ Arteries: Blood vessels that carries blood away from heart. Have thick walls, contain a layer of
smooth muscle. Heartbeat pumps blood into your arteries at high pressure= blood pressure.
Pulse: Caused by the rhythmic change in the blood pressure.

„ Capillaries: A tiny blood vessel that allows a exchange between blood and cells in other tissue.

„ Veins: Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Skeletal muscles squeeze nearby veins and
help push blood toward the heart.

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Helps maintain homeostasis by performing many functions. Regulation by carrying chemical signals
called hormones throughout the body.

„ Pulmonary: Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the arteries,
capillaries, and veins.
„ Systemic: Flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.

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Caused by smoking, high level of choresterol, stress, physical inactivity or heredity.
„ Atherosclerosis: Happens when choresterol builds up inside up blood vessels. This causes blood
vessels to become narrower and less elastic.

„ High blood pressure:


-Hypertension: Abnorrmally high blood pressure. Higher blood pressure is, greater the risk of heart
attack, heart failure, kidney disease and stroke.

-Stroke: Is when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures. As a result the brain
receives no oxygen so brain cells die.

„ Heart Attacks: Happens when heart muscle cells die, and part of the heart muscle is damaged.\
„ Heart Failure: Happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body´s needs.
Many organs may be damaged by lack of oxygen or nutrients .

Blood
„ Plasma: Fluid part of the blood. Is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins and
other substances.
„ Platelets: red and white blood cells are found in plasma.
„ Red Blood Cells: Take oxygen to every cell in your body. Cells need oxygen to carry out their
funtions. Each RBC has hemoglobin.
„ hite Blood Cells: Help keep your healthy by destroying pathogens. Also help clean wounds.
„ 6eep you healthy by destroy body cells that have died or been damaged. Fight pathogens in
several ways.
„ Platelets: Are pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow, but fragments are pinched of and
enter the bloodstream as platelets. Last for 5 to 10 days. hen bleeding starts, they clump
together in the damaged area, reducing blood loss.

„ Body temperature regulation: Body temperature rises, blood vessels enlarge and transfer heat
from your blood to your skin and when the body temperature is normal the vessels go to its
normal size.

„ Blood Pressure: Is the force exerted by blood on the inside walls of arteries. Is expressed in mm
of mercury. Is usually given in two numbers: 110/70 mm Hg. (Systolic/Diastolic)
-Systolic: Pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract and produce a pulse.
-Diastolic: Pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relaxed.
„ Blood types: There are 4: A, B, AB or O. This refers to the type of chemicals you have on your
RBCs. This are called antigens. Types: A antigens, B: B antigens, AB: both antigens, O neither
antigens. They also have different antibodies in plasma. A reaction to the wrong blood type may
cause dead.

„ Transfusions: Are the injections of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood
that has been lost because of surgery or and injury. A person cannot receive blood from
everyone.
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 A, O A, AB

 B, O B, AB

  All AB only

 O All

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