Design and Implementation of 3G Technology

Matteo Frigo and Steven G. Johnson

This white paper presents an overview of

current technology trends in the wireless
technology market, a historical overview of the
evolving wireless technologies and an

Introduction:

Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and

services will transform wireless
Communications into on-line, real-time
connectivity. 3G wireless technology will allow
an individual to have immediate access to
location-specific services that offer information
on demand. The first generation of mobile
phones consisted of the analog models that
emerged in the early 1980s. Examination of how the communications
industry plans to implement 3G wireless

Technology standards to address the growing

The second generation of digital mobile phones
appeared about ten years later along with the
first digital mobile networks. During the second
generation, the mobile telecommunications
industry experienced exponential growth both
in terms of subscribers as well as new types of
value -added services. Mobile phones are
rapidly becoming the preferred means of
personal communication, creating the world's
largest consumer electronics industry.
demand for wireless multimedia services.
Finally, this paper presents Trillium’s solutions
which enable wireless communications and
Internet infrastructure equipment Internet
infrastructure equipment manufacturers to
develop 3G network elements for quick and
efficient deployment.

History:
The rapid and efficient deployment of new
The first radiotelephone service was introduced
wireless data and Internet services has emerged
in the US at the end of the 1940s, and was
as a critical priority for communications
meant to connect mobile users in cars to the
equipment manufacturers. Network
public fixed network. In the 1960s, a new
components that enable wireless data services
system launched by Bell Systems, called
are fundamental to the next- generation
Improved Mobile Telephone Service” (IMTS),
network infrastructure. Wireless data services
brought many improvements like direct dialing
are expected to see the same explosive growth
and higher bandwidth. The first analog cellular
in demand that Internet services and wireless
systems were based on IMTS and developed in
voice services have seen in recent years.
the late 1960s and early 1970s. The systems
were “cellular” because coverage areas were
split into smaller areas or “cells”, each of which
is served by a low power transmitter and
receiver.
This first generation (1G) analog system for
mobile communications saw two key
improvements during the 1970s: the invention
of the microprocessor and the digitization of the
control link between the mobile phone and the
cell site.
Second generation (2G)
Digital cellular systems were first developed at
the end of the 1980s. These systems digitized
not only the control link but also the voice
signal. The new system provided better quality
and higher capacity at lower cost to consumers.
Third generation (3G) systems promise
faster communications services, including
voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere
with seamless global roaming. ITU’s IMT-
2000 global standard for 3G has opened the
way to enabling innovative applications and
services (e.g. multimedia entertainment,
infotainment and location-based services,
among others). The first 3G network was
deployed in Japan in 2001. 2.5G networks,
such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) are
already available in some parts of Europe.
Work has already begun on the development of
fourth generation (3G) technologies in
Japan. The objective of this paper is to present
the CDMA Development Group's (CDG) view on
key topics with respect to third generation (3G)
and address some of the more technical aspects
of the cdma2000 3G proposal. The paper also
documents the ongoing activities within the
CDG and standards bodies that are taking place
toward cdma One evolution and 3G standards.
3G Cell phone:
A testing study focusing on popular 3G
handsets by Signals Research Group (SRG)
found dramatic differences in the ability of
different phones to reliably make and maintain
calls. The study reached that conclusion despite
the fact that all of the phones in the reliability
tests passed industry-standard conformance
testing needed for certification.The study also
looked at the performance of 3G chip sets from
Ericsson Mobile Platforms, Icera, Infineon,
InterDigital, Motorola, NEC, Nokia and
QUALCOMM. Performance throughput results
showed major differences in data-rate
throughput for various chip sets under real-
world, network conditions.’ In some cases, the
performance difference was in
excess of 30 percent of conformance standard
specs.
Like the throughput test results, call reliability
varied significantly among commercial
handsets.’ Handsets tested for reliability
included the iPhone 3G (pre- and post-firmware
fixes), Sony Ericsson, Motorola,LG and RIM's
BlackBerry Bold.SRG's test results were based
on results from Spirent's 8100 Mobile Device
Test Systems.Icera rated highest in 10 of 12
scenarios involving more challenging network
conditions. A total of 16 scenarios were tested.
"The results clearly illustrate that testing chip
set and device performance beyond minimum
certification requirements uncovers
performance differences which can significantly
[affect] a subscriber's satisfaction with a
particular device," said Michael Thelander, CEO
of Signals Research Group (Oakland, Calif.).
A high-speed packet access (HSPA)
performance test measured downlink and
uplink data throughput for each chip set at the
physical and application layer under a wide
range of network conditions. HSPA is a
collection of mobile telephony protocols that
extend and improve the performance of existing
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
protocols.
BACKGROUND:
3G is a technology for mobile service providers.
Mobile services are provided by service
providers that own and operate their own
wireless networks and sell mobile services to
end-users, usually on a monthly subscription
basis. Mobile service providers use licensed
spectrum to provide wireless telephone
coverage over some relatively large contiguous
geographic serving area. Historically, this might
have included a metropolitan area. Today it
may include the entire country. From a users
perspective, the key feature of mobile service is
that it offers (near) ubiquitous and continuous
coverage. That is, a consumer can carry on a
telephone conversation while driving along a
highway at 100 Km/hour. To support this
service, mobile operators maintain a network of
interconnected and overlapping mobile base
stations that hand-off customers as those
customers move among adjacent cells. Each
mobile base station may support users up to
several kilometers away.
The cell towers are connected to each other by a
backhaul network that also provides
interconnection to the wireline Public Switched
Telecommunications Network (PSTN) and
other services. The mobile system operator
owns the end-to-end network from the base
stations to the backhaul network to the point of
interconnection to the PSTN (and, perhaps,
parts thereof).
3G And Wifi Services
The two most important phenomena impacting
telecommunications over the past decade have
been explosive parallel growth of both the
internet and mobile telephone services. The
internet brought the benefits of data
communications to the messages with email,
the web, and ecommerce; while mobile service
has enabled "follow-me anywhere/always on"
telephony. The internet helped accelerate the
trend from voice-centric to data-centric
networking. Data already exceeds voice traffic
and the data share continues to grow. Now
these two worlds are converging. This
convergence offers the benefits of new
interactive multimedia services coupled to the
flexibility and mobility of wireless. To realize
the full potential of this convergence, however,
we need broadband access connections.
Here we compare and contrast two technologies
that are likely to play important roles: Third
Generation mobile ("3G") and Wireless Local
Area Networks ("WLAN") . The former
represents a natural extension of the business
models of existing mobile providers. In
contrast, the WiFi approach would leverage the
large installed base of WLAN infrastructure
already in place. We use 3G and WiFi as
shorthand for the broad classes of related
technologies that have two quiet distinct
industry origins and histories.
Speaking broadly, 3G offers a vertically
integrated , top -down , service – provider
approach to delivering wireless internet access
while WiFi offers an end -user -centric
decentralized approach to service provisioning.
We use these two technologies to focus our
speculations on the potential tensions between
these two alternative world views. The wireless
future will include a mix of heterogenous
wireless access technologies.
Third Generation (3G) Wireless:
Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and
services will transform wireless
communications into on-line, real-time
connectivity. 3G wireless technology will allow
an individual to have immediate access to
location-specific services that offer
information on demand. The first generation of
mobile phones consisted of the analog models
that emerged in the early 1980s. The second
generation of digital mobile phones appeared
about ten years later along with the first digital
mobile networks. During the second generation,
the mobile telecommunications industry
experienced exponential growth both in terms
of subscribers as well as new types of value-
added services. Mobile phones are rapidly
becoming the preferred means of personal
communication, creating the world's largest
consumer electronics industry.
The rapid and efficient deployment of new
wireless data and Internet services has emerged
as a critical priority for communications
equipment manufacturers. Network
components that enable wireless data services
are fundamental to the next-generation network
infrastructure. Wireless data services are
expected to see the same explosive growth in
demand that Internet services and wireless
voice services have seen in recent years.
This white paper presents an overview of
current technology trends in the wireless
technology market, a historical overview of the
evolving wireless technologies and an
examination of how the communications
industry plans to implement 3G wireless
technology standards to address the growing
demand for wireless multimedia services.
Finally, this paper presents Trillium’s solutions
which enable wireless communications and
Internet infrastructure equipment
manufacturers to develop 3G network elements
for quick and efficient deployment.
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