INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF

TECHNOLOGY TWINTECH
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE & MEDICINE

BACHELOR OF OPTOMETRY (HONS)

BMA 3110: Life Science for Optometry

Semester I Session 2008/2009

Final Examination

Name : ______________________________
NRIC No : ______________________________

Date: Time: 2 ½ hours

1 BMA3110- Life Science for Optometry

SECTION A: Answer ALL questions in this section. Answers must be written in the space
provided below the questions [35 marks]

1. (a) The table gives some features of the cells of organisms from three
different kingdoms.

Structure Animal cell Plant cell Prokaryote cell

Mitochondrion

Cellulose cell wall

Ribosome

Large, permanent vacuole

(i) Complete the table. Put a tick in the box if the structure is present. Put
a cross in the box if the structure is not present.
(3 marks)

(ii) Give one other structure, not shown in the table, which is present in
cells of organisms in the kingdoms Prokaryote
.......................................................................................................................
........... (1 mark)

(b) Complete the list to show the different taxonomic groups into which a
kingdom can be divided. Write your list in the correct order.

1 Kingdom
2 .................................
3 .................................
4 .................................
5 .................................
6 .................................
7 Species (1
mark)

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 2. (a) The diagram shows a section of a DNA molecule.

(i) The letters A and G represent the bases adenine and guanine. Complete the diagram by
writing in the first letters of the remaining bases. (1 mark)

(ii) Name the two components of part X.

............................................................ and............................................................. (2 marks)

(iii) Name the type of bond found at Y.

.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(b) DNA is an information storage molecule.

(i) The organic bases present in DNA allow DNA to store information about the sequence of
amino acids in a protein. Explain how.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (2 marks)

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 (ii) DNA molecules are double–stranded. Suggest one way in which this allows DNA to store
information effectively.
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

3. Meiosis produces cells with half the number of chromosomes.

(a) What is the biological importance of these cells having half the number
of chromosomes?
.......................................................................................................................
.....................
.......................................................................................................................
.....................
(1 mark)
(b) The photograph shows the chromosomes from one cell during meiosis.

(i) Name the phase of meiosis shown in the photograph.

.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(ii) What is the haploid chromosome number in this species?

.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(iii) What has happened at the points labelled A in the photograph? Explain how this causes
genetic variation in the gametes.
..................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (2 marks)

(iv)Give one other feature of meiosis which causes genetic variation in the gametes.
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

4. (a) The list shows methods by which substances may enter or leave cells.
A simple diffusion
B facilitated diffusion
C osmosis
D active transport
E exocytosis

Choose the correct method, A to E, to give the most likely reason for:

(i) The secretion of large droplets of fat from milk-producing cells in a mammary gland
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(ii) The swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a very dilute salt solution
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(iii) The increase in the rate of loss of sodium ions from a cell that occurred when the energy
source, ATP, was injected into the cell.
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)

(b) The diagram represents two of the stages of aerobic respiration that take place in a
mitochondrion.

5 BMA3110- Life Science for Optometry

(i) Name substance X.
............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

(ii) Which stage of aerobic respiration takes place inside a mitochondrion and is not represented
on the diagram?
............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

(iii) Explain why oxygen is needed for the production of ATP on the cristae of the
mitochondrion.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks)

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5. In fruit flies, eye colour is determined by a gene with four alleles. The allele for red eye,
CR, is dominant to the other three alleles. The allele for white eye, Cw, is recessive to all
the other alleles. The allele for apricot eye, Ca, is dominant to the allele for honey eye, Ch.

(a) Complete the table to show all the diploid genotypes that can be produced by crosses
involving these alleles. Give the phenotype of each genotype. ( 3marks)

7 BMA3110- Life Science for Optometry

 (b) Another gene has five alleles. How many different diploid genotypes are possible with five
alleles?
.......................................................................................................................................... (1
mark)

6. (a) The diagram shows part of a cellulose molecule.

8 BMA3110- Life Science for Optometry

 (i) Draw a diagram in the space below to show a molecule of the monomer from which
cellulose is formed. (1 mark)

(ii) Describe how this molecule differs from a molecule of α-glucose.

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)
(iii) Describe the importance of hydrogen bonds in the structure of cellulose.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ (1
mark)

(b) Triglycerides are digested into fatty acids and glycerol, which are absorbed into epithelial
cells lining the gut. Here they are recombined into triglycerides. The triglycerides are
transported to other cells where they may be stored or respired.

(i) Name the enzyme that digests triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
....................................................................................................................................... (1 mark)

(ii) Why is glycerol able to pass through the plasma membrane into the epithelial cells?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

SECTION B: Choose only ONE question in this section to answer. [15 marks]

9 BMA3110- Life Science for Optometry

1.

a. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat? [6 marks]

b. How are polysaccharides formed from monosaccharides? [9 marks]

OR

2. How do a code, codon, and anticodon differ? [15 marks]

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