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DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA ( 4.1.1 )

Define Multimedia ( 4.1.1.1 )
Multimedia refers to any application that combined several elements of multimedia
such as text, graphics, animation, audio and video.

MULTIMEDIA IN VARIOUS FIELDS ( 4.1.2 )

Identify The Use Of Multimedia In Various Fields ( 4.1.2.1 )

Field Contribution to society

Multimedia application is used in advertising products. Many

companies nowadays develop and distribute catalogues in
Commercial
the form of the CD-ROM as it is more interesting to the
consumer
Artist used multimedia elements by combining drawing and
Arts
animation.

Doctor can practice or be trained in performing high risk

Medicine
surgery by using virtual surgery.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used to view the design

Engineering
from many aspects and improve on it before production.

Entertainmen These industries produce computer games, develop

t animation for cartoons and movies.

Learning has become more interesting and effective with

educational programs such as ‘edutainment’ that is a
Education combination of education and entertainment. It also used to
produce computer-based training (self-access-learning) and
reference books like encyclopedias and almanacs.

In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly

Mathematical
used for modeling and simulation. For example, a scientist
and scientific
can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and
research
manipulate it to arrive at a new substance.

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INTERACTIVITY OF MULTIMEDIA ( 4.1.3 )

Interactivity refers to the way users interact with a multimedia application or

program. User can used input devices such as keyboard, joystick, mouse and touch
screen to interact with multimedia application. There are two types of interactivity;
linear and non-linear.

Differentiate Between the Characteristics of Linear and Non-Linear

Multimedia ( 4.1.3.1 )

Linear Interactivity ASPECT Non-Linear Interactivity

Linear interactivity does not

allow the user to control the
sequence of the multimedia
content
Non-Linear interactivity lets
Controlling the
the user control the sequence
sequence
of the multimedia content.

Interactive – two-way
Not interactive – user is the communication by using
Interactivity
passive receiver buttons or links ( hypertext or
hypermedia )

- Documentary - electronic books

- Movie Examples - edutainment software
- Video Clip - Electronic encyclopedias

MEDIUM OF DELIVERY (4.1.4)

There are two medium of multimedia delivery; web-based and CD based.

• Web-Based Multimedia

o Web based multimedia delivered media through web pages. Web based
multimedia is the combination of multimedia technology and internet
technology.

• CD Based Multimedia

o CD-based multimedia delivered media through compact discs.

Compare and Contrast the Mediums of Delivery for Multimedia

Applications. (4.1.4.1)

Web-based ASPECTS CD-based

Limited in picture size and Resolution Can store high end

low resolution video multimedia elements such
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as video

Can be changed or deleted Can be permanently stored

Contents
by irresponsible individuals. and are not changeable

Information for multimedia Information on a multimedia

can be updated easily and Update can be quickly outdated
is cheaper

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS (4.1.5)

There are five elements of multimedia; text, graphics, audio, video and animation.

Identify the Multimedia Elements (4.1.5.1)

Element
Explanation
s

Text is the basic element of multimedia. It is a series of string that

Text can be display using a user interface component. It involved the
use of text type, size, colour and background colour.

Graphics make the multimedia application attractive. They help

illustrate ideas through still picture such as photograph,
Graphics
illustration, icon, ruled line or any other non-text elements. There
are two type of graphics used bitmaps or vector.

Audio is the sound portion which content sound effect, speech,

Audio music or narration. There two type of audio: analog and digital
audio.

Video consists of full motion images that played back at various

Video
speeds. Most video also has accompanying audio.

Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying of

Animation
series of still images in sequence.

HARDWARE ( 4.2.1 )
Among multimedia hardware that commonly used are scanner, video camera,
camera, audio device and video capture device.

Identify Hardware That Can Be Used to Produce Multimedia Products

(4.2.1.1)

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Scanner – Convert conventional images, texts, drawings and

photos into digital form that can be understood by the
computer.

Video camera - A digital video camera records video in digital

signals.

Camera - A digital camera, capture still images and store in a

media card.

Audio device- devices are needed to record analog sound. The

sounds are then changed into digital sound. Examples of
devices used for recording sounds or audio are microphone,
sound card, voice synthesizer.

Video capture device - help to convert analog video to digital

video.

EDITING SOFTWARE (4.2.2)

There are five editing software that can be used to produce multimedia elements;
text editor, graphics & image editor, audio editor, video editor and animation editor.

Identify Editing Software That Can Be Used to Produce Multimedia

Elements: (4.2.2.1)

Text editor – to insert text into multimedia application.

E.g : Proprietary E.g : Open Source
1. Notepad 1. Sun OpenOffice.Write
2. Microsoft Office Word 2. AbiWord
Graphics and image editor – to create and modify graphical images.
E.g : Proprietary E.g : Open Source
1. Adobe Photoshop 1. GIMP
2. Adobe Illustration 2. Inkscape
3. Corel Draw 3. Picasa
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Audio editor – to edit audio such cut and paste audio file.

E.g : Proprietary E.g : Open Source

1. Sound Forge 7.0 1. Audacity
2. Sound Recorder 2. Ardour
3. Adobe Audition
Video editor – to edit video clips.
E.g : Proprietary E.g : Open Source
1. Pinnacle Studio 1. JahShaka
2. Adobe Premier 2. Cinelerra
3. Sony Vegas
4. Windows Movie Maker
5. Apple iMovie

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Animation editor – to create and edit animation.

E.g : Proprietary E.g : Open Source
1. Macromedia Flash 1. Blender
2. 3D Studio Max
3. Ulead 3D Studio

AUTHORING TOOLS (4.2.3)

There are three concepts in authoring tool; time frame concept, icon concept and
card concept.

Define the Various Concepts in Authoring Tools (4.2.3.1)

• time frame concept

o The multimedia elements or events are presented and organised along a

time line.

o Example – Macromedia Director and Macromedia Flash

• icon concept

o The users can present visually a logical flow of events by dragging

icons from an icon menu.

o Example – Authorware, Comel and Icon Author

• card concept

o Elements and events are organised as pages in a book or a stack of

cards.

o Example – Toolbook Assistant, Microsoft Office Power Point 2007,

HyperCard and SuperCard.

WEB EDITOR (4.2.4)

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There are two types of web editors; text-based and WYSISYG.

Describe and Give Example of Web Editors: (4.2.4.1)

• Text-based

o A basic editor where you work with Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML) tags to create a Web page.

o Example – Notepad and PSPad

• WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)

o Provide an editing interface that shows how the pages will be displayed
in a web browser.

o Example – Microsoft FrontPage, Microsoft Office Word and Macromedia

Dreamweaver.

USER INTERFACE PRINCIPLE (4.3.1)

Developing a multimedia production need to follow several principles; consistency,
clarity, context, navigation, search, personalization, learnability and flexibility.

State user Interface Principles. 4.3.1.1

• Consistency
o The interface design is in harmony.
o The same interface design applies to all screen.

• Clarity
o Icons, words or commands should be clear and easy to understand .

• Context
o Ideas presented need to relate to the title.

• Navigation
o Users can move around the menus, help files or other screens.

• Search
o Users can search keywords or glossary.

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• Personalisation
o Users can make their own personal or individual learning.

• Learnability
o Help the user to use the system.

• Flexibility
o User can navigate through all the sections without any limitations.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM (4.3.2)

There are 5 positions in a multimedia development team; Project Manager, Subject
Matter Expert, Instructional Designer, Graphics Artist, Audio-Video Technician and
Programmer.

State the Role of Each Member in a Development Team (4.3.2.1)

• Project Manager
o As a team leader
o Define the scope of the project by discussing with the clients.
o Search for financial resources, equipment and facilities.
o Coordinate the development team.
o Control the progress of the project.

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• Subject Matter Expert

o Do research on the content of a multimedia program.
o Provide content for multimedia content.

• Instructional Designer
o Decide on the best educational strategies.
o Practices to present the information

• Graphics Artist
o Develop the graphic elements of the program such as backgrounds,
button, photo collages, 3D object, logos and animations.

• Audio-Video Technician
o Responsible for recording the audio and video.
o Edits the audio and video.

• Programmer
o Write the program codes line or scripts.
o Combine multimedia elements into the program.

MULTIMEDIA PRODUCTION (4.3.3)

There are six phases involved in the production of multimedia project. The six
phases can categorised into 3 main stages that is pre-production, production and
post-production.

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Describe the Phases in Multimedia Production ( 4.3.3.1 )

Phase Description

Developer set the focus of the project.

Analysis The multimedia developers interview the clients to find out

their needs and write the problem statement and a proposal.
Eg. Developers will identify the project title, problem,
objective, possible solution and target user.
Refers to the planning of the design of the multimedia
program to be developed.
Design
There are two popular tools used in the Design Phase, namely
the flow chart and storyboard.

The Implementation Phase refers to the process of converting

the design plan into a multimedia program. This is the phase
where the multimedia program is produced.
Implementati
on In the Implementation Phase, we use the authoring tool to
integrate the multimedia elements such as Toolbook Assistant
2004, Macromedia Authorware, Macromedia Director and
others.

The purpose of testing is to ensure that the program runs

correctly without errors.

Example : test the content, interface and navigation of

Testing multimedia program.

The multimedia developers will use a checklist to test the

multimedia program.

If there are any errors, the programmer will fix the program.

Focuses on overall presentation and effectiveness of the

multimedia.
Evaluation
Selected users will use an Evaluation Form to try out the
program and give feedback.

Package their presentation using suitable software. Distribute

Publishing
the presentation for public viewing by CD or website.

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IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA (4.4.1)

• Computer-generated simulation of reality with physical, spatial and visual
dimensions.
Integrate virtual reality and advance human-computer interaction
• As 3D and immersive technology becomes more integrated and available for
a wide range of applications. It l requires well-designed user interfaces and
innovative content for the next generation of computer games and integrated
technology like mobile devices, distributed web systems and desktop
applications.

Give an Example of Immersive Multimedia in Education, Business or

Entertainment. (4.4.1.1)

Immersive Multimedia in Education

TabliT™ Trainer Console provides the

trainer with freedom and faster
access to various training session for
heavy equipment operators.

Immersive Multimedia in Business

IBM’s Virtual Business Center was designed

to push the limits on how virtual worlds are
used to provide business facilities.

Immersive Multimedia in
Entertainment

Electrosonic ESCAN shows the history of

football in interactive and immersive
multimedia exhibition.

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REFERENCES

• Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Information & Communication Technology 2006.

• Discovering Computers 2011, Shelly & Vermaat.

• Score A: Information and Communication Technology, Ismail Shaari, 2008.

• http://nww.evtek.fi/n/erkkir/multimedia/johdatusmultimediaan/lecture6_projec
t.pdf

• http://www.prlog.org/10128815-immersive-technologies-tablit8482-trainer-
console-provides-wireless-training-control.html

• http://blog.livedesignonline.com/briefingroom/2009/01/06/electrosonic-and-
the-nfls-new-england-patriots-score-a-new-fan-venue-and-hall-of-fame/

• http://www.smh.com.au/news/arts-reviews/t-
visionarium/2008/01/03/1198949972876.html

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