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Michelle St. Marie

Mr. DeAngelo

APUSH Gold 6

27 October 2010

Chapter 13 Outline- An American Renaissance: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform

1.c Deism
a.c The Currents of the rational Enlightenment and spiritual Great Awakening flowed
into the 19th century and in different ways eroded the remnants of the Calvinist
orthodoxy.
b.c Stern God gave way to more optimistic religious outlook.
c.c Enlightened rationalism increasingly stressed human goodness than the depravity.
d.c Encouraged belief of:
i.c Social Progress
ii.c Promise of Individual perfectibility.
e.c Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin were Deists.
f.c During 1790¶s Deism was very popular.
g.c In every major city, Deism societies were formed and college students took a
liking in criticizing conventional religion.
h.c Deism belief: use of reason people might grasp the natural laws governing the
universe.
i.c They believe not every statement in the bible is true, and questioned the divinity
of Jesus.
2.c Unitarianism and Universalism
a.c Orthodox Christians believed Deism was like atheism.
b.c Scientific rationalism began to make deep inroads into American Protestantism.
c.c A strain of rationalism had run through Puritan belief in its stress on literacy and
need for ³right reason´, to interpret the scriptures.
d.c Boston¶s progress from Puritanism to prosperity persuaded many affluent families
that they were anything but sinners in the hands of an angry God.
e.c New Englanders were embracing Unitarianism: belief emphasizing the oneness
and benevolence of a loving God, the inherent Goodness of people, primacy of an
individual¶s reason and conscience over established creeds and scripture
literalism.
f.c All people are eligible to do good and eligible for salvation.
g.c Boston was center for this movement.
h.c Liberal Churches became Unitarian.
i.c An anti-Calvinist movement, Universalism attracted a social group.
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j.c Stressed salvation of all men and women not just predestined elect of Calvinist
doctrine.
k.c God is too merciful to condemn anyone to eternal punishment.
l.c All souls will come into harmony with God.
m.c Both religions were in agreement with each other.
n.c Both religious groups were small in number; they had a power influence over
intellectual life, especially in New England.
3.c The Second Great Awakening
a.c Americans remained a profoundly religious group.
b.c Anglicanism was affected the most-lost status of official religion is most states.
c.c Methodism was experiencing a dramatic growth.
d.c John Wesley abandoned Calvinism.
e.c Fears that secularism was on the march sparked an intense revivals that soon grew
into the Second Great Awakening.
f.c Salvation was available to everyone who chose to follow Christ.
g.c Churches replaced by Baptist churches and Methodists.
h.c Spread into two very different centers of activity:
i.c New England
ii.c Backwoods of Tennessee and Kentucky and spread across rural America.
i.c Salvation is available to anyone who repents and embraces Christ.
4.c Frontier Revivals
a.c Preachers on horseback found ready audiences.
b.c Bridged many social events.
c.c Baptists believed in adult Baptism.
d.c Equality of all before God, regardless of wealth, social standings, or education.
e.c Methodists believed in free will.
f.c Minister on horseback, message of salvation as a free gift for the taking.
g.c ³Circuit rider system´ is connected with Francis Asbury, a revival who scoured
the trans-Appalachian frontier for lost souls, preaching 25,000 sermons in his
career.
h.c Methodists had grown into the largest Protestant denomination in the country.
i.c Richard Allen found Methodist Episcopal Church.
j.c Methodists actively recruited blacks.
k.c Revival fever spread through the West and into more regions back East and West.
l.c Particular hymns excited campers in wagons, tents, and shacks.
m.c Participants went into trances: ³jerk´, ³the holy laugh´.
n.c Camp meetings provided women as equals.
o.c Phoebe Worrall hosted revival meetings in her own New York home.
5.c Charles Finney and the Burned-Oven District
a.c Regions were swept by revival fever.
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b.c Western New York to Lake Ontario experienced evangelical activity that it was
labeled the burn-over district.
c.c Charles Finney most successful northern evangelist. (1792-1875), generated
100,000 conversions.
d.c Finney believed an individual could choose to be saved.
e.c Believed conversion offered ³perfectionism´.
f.c Lyman Beecher believed revivalism was to reform human society.
6.c The Mormons
a.c Church of Latter-Day Saints.
b.c Joseph Smith was the barely literate child of wondering Vermont farmers.
c.c When he 14 he declared he had seen God and Christ, both of whom had forgiven
his sins and announced all religion dominations were false.
d.c 3 years later reported an angel, Moroni had visited him.
e.c Son of prophet Mormon and last survivor of the Nephites, descendants of the
Hebrews who had traveled to America 2,000 years before Columbus and had been
visited by Jesus after his crucifixion and resurrection.
f.c Moroni led him to his father¶s farm, where he unearthed golden tablets on which
was etched the Book of Mormons, a lost gospel of the bible.
g.c On the same September day for each of the next three years, Smith went back to
hill and talked with the angel, who let him view the thin golden tablets then
Moroni let Smith take them home in 1827.
h.c Smith used supernatural seer stones to decipher the strange hieroglyphic message.
i.c 588 page book of Mormon claims that a new prophet will visit America.
j.c Opposed all religions and created Mormons.
k.c Religion moved to Illinois.
l.c Smith became community leader.
m.c Believed in plural marriage-two dozen wives.1844 crisis arose when his wive and
other denounced his polygamy.
n.c When Smith ordered Mormons to destroy and opposition newspaper, he and his
brother were arrested.
o.c Anti-Mormon mob attacked and killed him and his brother.
p.c Brigham Young (1801-1817)-successor to Joseph Smith, became new leader.
q.c Promised Illinois officials Mormons would leave.
r.c Mormons then moved to the Promised Land of Utah.
s.c Mormons developed efficient society with own irrigation system.
t.c Organized own state called Desert.
u.c Mexico lost to American Armies-And signed treaty of Guadalupe- and had to give
up CA, Nevada, Utah, Texas and Part of Arizona.
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v.c Congress included Utah into Mormon¶s salt lake settlement. Young defied federal
authority. 80,000 Mormons settled in Utah and made efforts to convert 20,000
Indians in the territory.
7.c Romanticism in America
a.c Romantic Movement in literature, thought, and the arts.
b.c 1790 revolt was brewing in Europe against Enlightenment thinkers.
8.c Transcendentalism
a.c Name drew emphasis on transcending the limits of reason.
b.c Had a close affirmanity with the Quaker Doctrine of the Inner light.
c.c Inner light, a gift from God¶s grace, was transformed by transcendentalists into
intuition, a faculty of mind capable of perceiving things inaccessible to reason.
d.c Transcendental Club met in Boston and Concord to discuss philosophy, religion,
and literature.
e.c Loose association of free thinkers who shared a rejection of traditional
conventions.
f.c They asserted the right of individuals to interpret life in their own way.
g.c Fuller edited the group¶s quarterly review, the Dial, before the duty feel to Ralph
Emerson.
9.c Emerson and Thoreau
a.c Emerson embodied the transcendentalist gospel.
b.c Set out to be a Unitarian parson but quit the denomination because of growing doubts.
c.c Settled in Concord to take up life of essayist, and poet.
d.c Determined to transcend the limitations of inherited conventions and rationalism in
order to penetrate the inner recesses of the self.
e.c Thoreau could do many things as well-carpentry, painting, and surveying.
f.c Emerson found Thoreau captivating.
g.c Thoreau lived in a cabin outside the skirts of Concord. He wanted himself to only
focus on writing and reflection.
h.c He walked a mile or so to visit friends.
i.c Thoreau saw the Mexican War as a corrupt attempt to advance slavery.
j.c Prized individual freedom and distrusted all institutions.
k.c Transcendentalists taught important lesson: people must follow their own conscience.
10.cThe Flowering of American Literature
a.c Most provocative writer was Walt Whitman. Emerson found his writing very
interesting.
b.c Whitman was described as ³greatest democrat of all time´
c.c Two New York writers Washington Irving and James Fennimore Cooper got a lot
of attention in Britain and America.
d.c Irving wrote-³Rip Van Winkle´ and ³The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
e.c Cooper wrote about frontiersman.
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f.c Edgar Allan Poe was the great poet with his sick and twisted poems.
11.cEducation
a.c White population could read and write.
b.c Most children were taught to read and write in public schools.
12.cEarly Public Schools
a.c Workers wanted free public schools for their kids.
b.c Horace Mann led the drive for statewide school systems.
c.c Created a bill that was a state board of education.
d.c South had higher population of college students but a low rate of public schools.
e.c Public schools became well established after the civil war.
13.cHigher Education
a.c College and Universities were tiny compared to today¶s institutions.
b.c Females remained in subordinate status.
c.c Federal policy abetted the spread of universities.
d.c When Congress granted statehood to Ohio in 1803, it set aside two hardships for
the support of a state university and kept up the policy in other new states.
e.c Girl¶s education usually did not extend beyond elementary school.
f.c Emma Willard at Troy and Macy Lyon paved the way for women¶s colleges.
g.c Girl¶s education was focused on the arts.
h.c In the West, gave greatest impetus to coeducation.
14.cAntebellum Reform
a.c The revival fever of the second great awakening helped generate widespread
belief that the people could eradicate many evils affecting society.
b.c Few areas of life escaped the concerns of the reforms:
i.c Observance of the Sabbath, dueling, crime and punishment, the hours and
conditions of work, poverty, vice, care, etc.
c.c The rise of an urban middle class offered affluent women greater time to devote
social concerns.
d.c Social reform mobilized in great numbers during the second quarter of the 19th
century.
15.cTemperance
a.c Census report in 1810 reported some 14,000 distilleries producing 25 million
gallons of an alcoholic beverage each year.
b.c William Cobbett once said, ³One could go hardly into any man¶s house without
being asked to drink, wine or spirits, even in the morning.
c.c Religious demands that soldiers of the cross lead blameless lives.
d.c Others stressed the economic implications of the Scottish workers.
e.c Much of movement¶s propaganda focused on sufferings of innocent mothers and
children.
f.c ³Drink´ is a prolific source of nearly all ills that afflict in the human family.
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g.c Boston ministers organized the American Society for the Promotions of
Temperance.
h.c People were asked to pledge T for total abstinence.
16.cPrisons and Asylums
a.c The institutions for people who had problems had a way of turning into breeding
grounds of brutality.
b.c The prisoners at Auburn had separate cells and gathered for meals and group
labor.
c.c Prisoners were treated VERY badly.
d.c By 1840 there were 12 penitentiaries of the Auburn Type.
e.c After 1815, public asylums that separated the disturbed from criminals began to
appear.
f.c Dorothea Dix was against this system.
g.c Wardens called Dorothea Dix claims a lie, but she won better treatment for the
insane.
17.cWomen¶s Rights
a.c Catharine Beecher, published a guide prescribing the domestic sphere for women.
b.c Official status of women during period remained much the same.
c.c Women weren¶t able to vote, women could not be ministers or other professions.
d.c Wife often could not make a will, or sign a contract.
e.c Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, called a convention to discuss the
social, civil and religious conditions and the rights of women.
f.c Organized Seneca Falls Convention issued Declaration of Sentiments.
g.c Document proclaimed self-evident truth that men and women are equal.
h.c Only 1/3 of delegates sign the Document.
i.c Important step for women.
j.c Leaders of women¶s rights movement held conventions and carried on programs
annually.
k.c Susan B. Anthony joined crusade.
l.c State of Mississippi regarded as hotbed of reform,, first to grant married women
control over property.
18.cUtopian Communities
a.c Over a 100 utopian communities arose.
b.c United Society of Believers in Christ¶s Second Appearing founded by Ann Lee,
arrived in NY with 8 followers.
c.c The manifestations later evolved into a ritual dance-called Shakers.
d.c Movement spread into New England, Ohio, and Kentucky.
e.c Men and women worked in a surplus for market.
f.c John Humphrey founded Oneida Community, developed different ideal
community.
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g.c Gathered ³Perfectionist´ group.

h.c 10 years later Noyes announced a new doctrine of complex marriage, which
meant every man in the community would be married to every women.
i.c Noyes was arrested because outsiders such theology smacked of free love.
j.c Robert Owen¶s New Harmony based upon secular community.
k.c Every idealist wanted his own ideal plan put into action.
l.c Brook Farm most celebrated in Utopian Community.
m.c Grew out of Transcendentalist movement.
n.c Nathaniel Hawthorne called Brook Farm our beautiful scheme of a noble and
unselfish life.
o.c Theodore Parker believed declared that slavery was the blight of the nation, the
curse of north and south.
p.c Herman Melville¶s words, would inspire the climactic crusade of the age,
abolitionism, one that ultimately move to the center of political stage and sweep
the nation into an epic-and tragic- civil war.