UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH

GREATER NOIDA

Project Report On

AUTONOMOUS METRO

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Ms Huma Amit Kr. Garg

(Project Guide) Amit Yadav

Vivek Kr. Yadav

Chetan Raj Prakashan

 INTRODUCTION

In this project we show that how we design a prototype of the small metro with auto show the
station on the LCD display. This metro is run on the dc gear motor. With the help of this gear
motor we slow down the speed of the vehicle to show all the function properly. metro train is
auto stop on 5 different station and reverse automatically. In this project we develop few
things:-

 Auto Stop the train on few station.

 Sensor Base Stoppage.
 Auto braking in the front and in the back movement also.
 LCD display to show the station.
 Auto Reverse automatically.
 Once you press the start switch train complete one cycle.
 Voice Announcement

COMPONENTS USED

 MICROCONTROLLER 89S51
 OPERATION VOLTAGE= TWO 9 VOLT BATTERY OR 9 VOLT DC
SUPPLY.
 LCD DISPLAY = TO DISPLAY ALL THE STATION NAME
 LM 339 = QUAD OP-AMP ( control the sensitivity of sensor’s)
 INFRA RED + PHOTODIODE PAIR( for auto stop, auto reverse, logic)
Total four pair of infra red and photodiode.
 DC MOTOR = SLOW SPEED SC GEAR MOTOR 9 VOLT DC.
 TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT;H BRIDGE CIRCUIT ( COMBINATION OF FEW
TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT) FOR FORWARD AND REVERSE DIRECTION OF DC
MOTOR.
 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT: In this project we use 12 M Hz crystal with the
controller to provide a external clock to the microcontroller.
 Digital Voice Processor using APR 9600.
 General purpose P.C.B. for complete circuit fabrication
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit Diagram

CIRCUIT WORKING

MICROCONTROLLER 89S51

To control all the function of the this prototype metro. Here we use 89s51 controller. Intel
8051 is CISC architecture which is easy to program in assembly language and also has a good
support for High level languages. The memory of the microcontroller can be extended up to
64k This microcontroller is one of the easiest microcontrollers to learn. The 8051
microcontroller is in the field for more than 20 years. There are lots of books and study
materials are readily available for 8051.

ONE DC GEAR MOTOR

With the microcontroller to run the metro for forward and reverse direction. DC motor
control :In this project we use slow speed dc motor. This dc motor is attach with the gear
inside to reduce the speed of the vehicle. For controlling the direction of the motor we use H
bridge circuit. With the help of H bridge it is possible for use to control the direction of motor
on either side. For controlling a dc motor we use H bridge circuit. IN this project we use four
transistor circuit to control the movement of dc motor for forward and reverse movement.

FOUR PROXIMITY SENSOR

To provide a automation in this metro. The basic idea is to send infra red light through IR-
LEDs, which is then reflected by any object in front of the sensor. Then all you have to do is
to pick-up the reflected IR light. For detecting the reflected IR light, we are going to use a
very original technique: we are going to use another IR-LED, to detect the IR light that was
emitted from another led of the exact same type! This is an electrical property of Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which is the fact that a led Produce a voltage difference across its
leads when it is subjected to light. As if it was a photo-cell, but with much lower output
current. In other words, the voltage generated by the LED can't be - in any way - used to
generate electrical power from light, It can barely be detected. that's why as you will notice in
the schematic, we are going to use a Op-Amp (operational Amplifier) to accurately detect
very small voltage changes.

ONE LCD DISPLAY

To display all the station name on the lcd. Frequently, an 8051 program must interact with the
outside world using input and output devices that communicate directly with a human being.
One of the most common devices attached to an 8051 is an LCD display. Some of the most
common LCDs connected to the 8051 are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters
per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. Fortunately, a very
popular standard exists which allows us to communicate with the vast majority of LCDs
regardless of their manufacturer. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to
the controller chip which receives data from an external source (in this case, the 8051) and
communicates directly with the LCD.

ONE OP-AMP AMPLIFIER

To interface with the proximity sensor. An Operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled

high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
output. An op-amp produces an output voltage that is typically hundreds of thousands times
larger than the voltage difference between its terminals.

DIGITAL VOICE PROCESSOR USING APR 9600.

APR 9600 single chip voice recorder and playback device from A plus integrated circuits
makes use of a proprietary analogue storage technique implemented using flash non-voltaic
memory process in which each cell is capable of storing up to 256 voltage levels. This
technology enables the APR9600 to reproduce voice signals in the natural form. The APR
9600 is a good stand lone voice recorder or playback IC with non volatile storage and
playback capability fro 32 to 60 seconds.