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A A A B A A B 6 ? @
I J K I J K H I J K H F G F
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5.5. Perturbaţii
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#
Diafoniile
Distorsiunile
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$
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O P Q R S T O
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V W W
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+ ,
Zgomotul rezistoarelor
+∞
= ∫ ( )⋅
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⋅
()
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% &
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$
&
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= = =
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3 4 5 6 7 6 8 ! 6 ? ; ? J ? ; D = J @ K D @ ; ? F = J = ; A = C " E ? ; L ? F J @ N I B L B L @ J = G @ K D = C " E # $
De exemplu
$
= + = +
& &
=
= + = +
& &
=
= ⋅ = ⋅
+
'
= =
>
!
Exemplu
Ω
∆
θ
− −
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅∆ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅
#
$ % & " !
= µ
* (
% & '
)
)
# # # #
= >
=
= =
⋅
#
=
[ ]= − = [ ]− [ ]
" # ! " # !
$ % $ %
! !
*
− −
= +
+ +
−
⋅ ⋅⋅
−
! " # $ % & ' $ ( " " ) * ' ( + & + , - + ' . / , 0 " ( $ ( " $ $ # ) & , 1 , 2 ( ,
, $ 1 $ * ' ( , & ' ( 0 " 4 5 ' # ' * $ , " * $ 6 " & ' ( ' # ) ' . " . * "
*
Exemplu:
ARF
SF)
AFI):
AJF):
− − −
= + + +
−
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
− − −
= + + +
−
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
≈
−